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04/22/13
23413 TUESDAY LESSON 898-THE TIPITAKA-Vinaya Pitaka- from FREE ONLINE eNālāndā Research and Practice UNIVERSITY through http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org THE ONLY BUDDHIST & SARVA SAMAJ (SC/ST/OBC/MINORITIES/POOR UPPER CASTES) an Alternative Media is: http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org The Only Hope of the Nation is Elephant of BSP! People are just fed up with Congress, other regional parties BSR,KJP and BJP! capture the MASTER KEY ! For Mayawati! For equal distribution of wealth of this country to Sarva Samaj i.e., for SC/ST/OBC/Minorities and poor upper castes for peace,welfare and happiness of the entire people and not just for corporate interests and in - humanists. Maha Mayawati JI the next Prime Minister of PRABUDDHA BHARATH VOICE OF SARVA SAMAJ AWAKENED ONE WITH AWARENESS ONE’S FAIR TRADE PRACTICE http://sbinformation.about.com/od/business-ideas/a/small-business-ideas.htm http://sbinformation.about.com/od/business-ideas/qt/Green-Cleaning-Small-Business-Idea.htm Green Cleaning Small Business Idea The Pros and Cons of Starting a Green Cleaning Business
Filed under: General
Posted by: site admin @ 4:57 pm
23413 TUESDAY LESSON 898-THE TIPITAKA-Vinaya Pitaka-
















from FREE ONLINE  eNālāndā Research and Practice UNIVERSITY through http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org

THE ONLY BUDDHIST
& SARVA
SAMAJ (SC/ST/OBC/MINORITIES/POOR UPPER CASTES) an Alternative
Media is: http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org



The Only Hope of the Nation is Elephant of BSP!

People are just fed up
with Congress, other regional parties BSR, KJP and BJP!
 capture the MASTER KEY !
For Mayawati!

For
equal distribution of wealth of this country to Sarva
Samaj i.e., for
SC/ST/OBC/Minorities and poor upper castes for peace,welfare and
happiness of the entire people and not just for corporate interests and
in - humanists
.

Maha Mayawati JI the next Prime Minister of PRABUDDHA BHARATH


VOICE OF SARVA SAMAJ



AWAKENED ONE WITH AWARENESS ONE’S FAIR TRADE PRACTICE

http://sbinformation.about.com/od/business-ideas/a/small-business-ideas.htm
http://sbinformation.about.com/od/business-ideas/qt/Green-Cleaning-Small-Business-Idea.htm


Green Cleaning Small Business Idea

The Pros and Cons of Starting a Green Cleaning Business

http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/1Vinaya-Pitaka/index.html

http://www.virtuallandmedia.com/a5/27/s1.gifhttp://www.virtuallandmedia.com/a5/25/a.gif

14anim.gif




The Only Hope of the Nation is Elephant of BSP!

People are just fed up
with Congress, other regional parties and BJP!

 capture the MASTER KEY !
For Mayawati!





Maha Mayawati JI the next Prime Minister of PRABUDDHA BHARATH


VOICE OF SARVA SAMAJ

MurthybMahendra Balaram http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvHjmRRvLFw
heemrao Bheemrao added a new photo.
Photo

Bangalore: With around 70
urban assembly constituencies in Karnataka, political parties are going
all out to woo the urban middle class in Karnataka assembly polls 2013.

The 70 seats comprise a little less than one-third of the total strength
of the legislative assembly. The number of urban seats increased after
the delimitation exercise in 2008, giving the city dwellers a decisive
say in the elections.

Going by the serious drubbing the BJP received in the recent urban body
polls, the Congress cannot dream of winning since the BSP did not contest and the ELEPHANT symbol was not allotted to any candidate. Now BSP along with SDPI and former Chairman Backward Class Commission will win for bringing change for the peace,welfare and happiness of the entire people including SC/ST/OBC/minorities and poor upper caste by distributing the wealth of the state equally among all sections of the society as enshrined in the Constitution while the Congress and the BJP are for the benefit of the corporates which has increased the inflation and denied proper drinking water supply and no power supply. Slums were demolished to benefit the rich which is in human. While JDS, BSR,KJP are chips of the old coalmine block of Congress and BJP. They are vultures with same feather flockingt together that feed on the common man of the state.

Importantly, Bangalore holds the key as 28 of the 70 urban constituencies are in Bangalore city.


Return to frontpage

Transgender Soumya to fight for Gandhinagar seat on BSP ticket


The transgender community has stepped up its efforts to be represented in the State Legislative Assembly.


Soumya, a Bangalorean, will contest in the May 5 elections from the
Gandhinagar constituency as the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) candidate and
will fight Dinesh Gundu Rao (Congress) and the former police officer
Subhash Bharani (Janata Dal-Secular).

Refused recognition

Ms. Soumya told journalists here that while other political parties
refused to recognise the transgender community, the BSP did.


Party leader C.S. Dwarakanath said that Ms. Soumya was the first
transgender to contest in the history of Karnataka Legislative Assembly
elections and the BSP would make all efforts to pave the way for her
entry into the Vidhana Soudha.

Oppression

Ms. Soumya said: β€œWe are treated as castaways as we don’t have family
support and no means to support ourselves. We face oppression from the
administrative machinery. I want to fight for our rights.”


She then narrated the battle she lost over trying to get a below the
poverty line (BPL) card. She got her voter ID card after much struggle,
she said.


When asked why she chose Gandhinagar, she said people here were
sympathetic to her community. She had no money but familiarity with the
area and involvement with various social organisations would help. She
plans to visit each household to seek Re.1 along with their vote. β€œThere
is no other way but to depend on donations as I have no funds.”

http://plunder.hpage.co.in/s-band-scam_33619257.html


Every well-informed schoolchild knows this is rising India’s Age of Uninterrupted Scams.

 
 

Devas gets preferential allocation of ISRO’s spectrum

Bangalore firm had signed lease pact with space agency’s commercial arm Antrix in 2005.

Madhumathi D.S. Thomas K. Thomas, Bangalore/ New Delhi, May 30

At
a time when telecom operators are aggressively bidding in crores of
rupees for acquiring spectrum, a little-known company in Bangalore,
Devas Multimedia Pvt Ltd, has got preferential allocation of air waves
controlled by the Indian Space Research Organisation by virtue of an
agreement the two signed five years ago.

Devas
has been allocated bulk capacity of 10 transponders on not one, but at
least two forthcoming satellites, the space agency has confirmed in a
communication to Business Line. An agreement to this effect was signed
in January 2005 between Devas and ISRO’s commercial arm, Antrix
Corporation, it said.

As
a result, starting mid-2011, Devas can commercially tap an undisclosed
extent of the S-band spectrum (or the 2.5Ghz frequency) that is in
ISRO’s control.

It
would use it for the life-term of the two successive satellites for
what ISRO described as β€˜IP-based multimedia services’ β€” to provide
video, voice and text from mobile platforms such as cars and trains. The
company’s business plan involves hybrid β€” or a mix of satellite and
terrestrial β€” operations. β€œThe agreement to lease capacity was signed by
Antrix in January 2005. Capacity on 10 transponders has been leased [on
each satellite]. The lease is over the life-time of the satellite,
which is normally 12 years,” ISRO said in response to queries from this
newspaper.

It, however, did not say how much spectrum has been given in the coveted S-band segment; nor how much Devas would pay for it.

The first satellite, GSat-6 (Insat-4E), is being built by ISRO at around Rs 260 crore and is due to be flown later this year.

ISRO
holds 80 Mhz of spectrum in the 2.5-2.69-gigahertz space β€” a golden
band that broadband wireless access operators covet worldwide.

This
would be the first time a private commercial player would be sharing
the quota allocated to ISRO decades ago. The space agency said that in
line with the National Frequency Allocation Plan (NFAP), it has rights
to use the designated frequencies for satellite-based services. However,
a Delhi-based person of authority connected with matters of frequency
spectrum allocation, whom Business Line contacted, observed that
according to the NFAP, satellite bandwidth cannot be given away
selectively to a single commercial entity; any available opportunity
should be thrown open to industry at large.

(A
few years ago, that is how ISRO/Antrix allowed licensed direct-to-home
broadcasters and VSAT operators to use its new Ku band and the older C
band.)

Also,
the Government is still debating if it should permit terrestrial
services in the said S-band. Asked about other private commercial
players for the digital multimedia space, ISRO replied that it was open
to giving such capacity to anyone who sought it.

β€œIf such proposals are received, they will be considered by ISRO/Antrix.”

Telecom industry players, who are scrounging for bandwidth, are raising eyebrows over the contract between Antrix and Devas.

β€œHow
does only Devas get so much bandwidth when other players like us have
been asking for capacity,” asked an industry person who did not wish to
be named.

Devas
was founded in 2004. Its Chairman and Director, Dr M.G. Chandrasekhar,
is a former ISRO veteran and its erstwhile Scientific Secretary. In July
2008, Deutsche Telekom AG bought 17 per cent stake in Devas for $75
million (around Rs 318 crore then). Reports say private equity firm
Columbia Capital and Telcom Ventures hold 49 per cent stake. The
commercial details of the Devas-ISRO pact were not shared.

β€œThe
lease charges are comparable to what ISRO gets from leasing capacity on
its other INSAT satellites,” the space agency said. The Ku band, for
example, was leased to Tata Sky, Bharti, Sun. Reliance ADAG, and other
DTH licensees at roughly Rs 5 crore a transponder a year. Lease of 10
transponders on GSat-6 for 12 years would roughly fetch Rs 600 crore.
β€œThe Government generated nearly Rs 70,000 crore from 3G auctions [for a
total bandwidth of 20 megahertz],” noted another industry person.

Another
question dogging telecom circles is whether Devas Multimedia Ltd is
using the ISRO platform to get a backdoor entry into the telecom space.
Devas has only an Internet service provider’s (ISP) licence. Its
portfolio of services includes streaming video, audio and data as well
as Web access, infotainment and social applications.

Little
else was shared about the nature, validity of the licence and whether
it allows commercial services. ISRO merely said Devas earlier got a
temporary experimental licence from the Wireless Planning and
Coordination Wing for the testing phase. The outcome was not known.

(This article was published in the Business Line print edition dated May 31, 2010)

 

BANGALORE/NEW DELHI, February 7, 2011 The Hindu

CAG goes after another spectrum deal

Madhumathi D. S., Thomas K. Thomas

Preliminary estimates point to loss of more than Rs. 2,00,000 crore; Department of Space, ISRO under scanner

Hard
on the heels of its explosive investigations of the 2G spectrum
allotments made in 2008 by the Department of Telecommunications, the
Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has started inquiries into a 2005
agreement between the Indian Space Research Organisation’s commercial
arm Antrix Corporation Ltd. and Devas Multimedia Private Ltd.

The
agreement relates to ISRO’s launching of two satellites for Devas but
automatically bestows on the latter a large hidden benefit: unbridled
use of 70 MHz of the scarce S-band spectrum over a 20-year period.

ISRO is under the Department of Space (DoS), which is directly in the Prime Minister’s charge.

Business
Line learns that according to preliminary CAG estimates, this spectrum
largesse to a private customer could have caused the exchequer a loss in
excess of Rs. 2 lakh crore. According to the contract with Devas,
Antrix would have earned $11 million a year per satellite for 12 years.

By
comparison, the presumptive loss incurred in the allocation of 2G
spectrum by the DoT, as estimated by the CAG, is Rs 1.76 lakh crore.

Under
the deal, Devas Multimedia is to get access to 70 Mhz of broadband
spectrum in the 2500 Mhz band. This was once used by Doordarshan to
deliver programmes by satellite to all parts of the country but is now
considered to be of enormous commercial value for high-speed,
terrestrial mobile communications. In 2010, the Union government got
nearly Rs. 67,719 crore from the auction of just 15 Mhz of similar
airwaves for 3G mobile services.

Devas
Multimedia is a company in which Deutsche Telekom is a minority equity
stakeholder. Dr. M.G. Chandrasekhar, Devas Multimedia Chairman, is a
former Scientific Secretary at ISRO.

Although
the Space Commission in July 2010 strongly objected to the contract and
recommended that it be scrapped, this has not happened. However, Devas
Multimedia has been given some spectrum to conduct trials.

According
to the contract, copies of which are available with Business Line and
The Hindu, Devas Multimedia is entitled to get a total of 70 Mhz of the
S-band spectrum on lease for 20 years. The contract requires ISRO to
build and launch two communications satellites - GSAT-6 and GSAT-6A - at
a further cost of Rs 2,000 crore. Devas Multimedia will get to use 10
transponders on each of the satellites.

The
CAG is reported to have asked for an explanation from the DoS on the
preferential allocation of S-band spectrum without DoS/Antrix going
through a competitive bidding process; on diverting public resources out
of ISRO’s budget towards two customer-specific satellites for Devas
Multimedia; and misinforming regulators about the project’s financial
aspects and its full commercial implications.

The
contract, unlike others ISRO has signed in the past, places no
restrictions on Devas Multimedia for onward lease of spectrum.

On
May 31, 2010, Business Line first reported the preferential maiden
allotment of S-band spectrum to Devas Multimedia, which planned to
launch digital satellite multimedia broadcast services (D-SMB) in India
using that space infrastructure.

It
is the first time the S-band, which ranges from 2500 to 2690 Mhz, has
been opened up to the private sector. And this has been done on the
quiet.

CAG’s concerns over deal

● S-band spectrum was allocated without inviting competitive bids

● Organisational control systems were not followed

●
The Prime Minister’s Office, the Cabinet, and the Space Commission have
not been properly informed about the contract details, including the
underestimation of ISRO’s costs

● Public resources were diverted to build two customer-specific satellites

● Devas Multimedia’s terms deviate from those in past commercial contracts of ISRO/Antrix

 

NEW DELHI/BANGALORE, February 7, 2011The Hindu

What’s the big deal about S-band?

Thomas K. Thomas, Madhumathi D. S.

Globally 2.5 Ghz band is used for 4G services and is worth billions of dollars

The
S-band spectrum, which is part of the Devas-ISRO deal, is extremely
valuable for mobile broadband services, in terms of usage as well as
money. The frequency, also known as 2.5 Ghz band, is globally used for
providing mobile broadband services using fourth generation technologies
such as WiMax and Long Term Evolution (LTE).

This
frequency band is unique because it has a substantial amount of
spectrum (190 MHz) that can be put to use for mobile services. All other
spectrum bands up to 3.5 GHz include significantly smaller amounts of
spectrum for terrestrial mobile communication, or are not available.

In
India, of the 190 Mhz, the Department of Space was given 150 Mhz - 30
years ago - for Broadcast Satellite Service and Mobile Satellite
Service. Twenty Mhz was recently given to Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd and
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd for offering broadband spectrum. BSNL and
MTNL were asked to pay Rs. 12,847 crore for their 20 Mhz. But Devas is
getting access to 70 Mhz in the same band for just over Rs. 1,000 crore.

Bonanza

Globally,
this frequency band has been put up for auction in many countries and
has fetched governments billions of dollars. In 2009, three operators
together paid $HK 1.53 billion for 90 MHz of radio spectrum in the 2.5
GHz band. A few months ago, Finland-based mobile operator TeliaSonera
launched 4G mobile services based on LTE technology in this band.
Operators in several other countries such as Brazil and South Africa are
on the verge of using the S-band after the World Radiocommunications
Conference 2000, held under the aegis of the International
Telecommunication Union, designated the 2.5 Ghz band for mobile
services.

Harmonious usage

The
usability of spectrum depends on how harmonious it is with global
usage. That is because mobile device makers and network equipment
manufacturers can focus on developing products for a specific radio
frequency for every country. If each country were to have its own plan
for using spectrum, then telecom networks and devices would become very
complex and expensive.

So
if most countries are moving towards adopting 2.5 Ghz for telecom
services, India will lose out if the satellite agency continues to hold
on to it. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India has already
recommended that it would like to review the usage of this frequency
band by the incumbents and refarm it for commercial mobile services.

 

New Delhi, February 8, 2011

What the PMO claims and what the facts are

Business Line Bureau

PTI
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh during an international meet in New Delhi
on Monday. The PMO said that it had not taken any decision to allocate
β€˜space segment’ in the S-band spectrum to Antrix Corporation or Devas
Multimedia.

The
Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) on Tuesday said in a brief statement that
it had not taken any decision to allocate β€˜space segment’ (wireless
radio frequency under the control of the Department of Space) in the
S-band spectrum to Antrix Corporation or Devas Multimedia Private
Limited. The statement claimed that the question of any revenue loss did
not arise; reports to that effect were without basis in fact.

The
PMO was responding to reports that appeared in The Hindu and Business
Line on Monday, and in other media outlets on Tuesday, which referred to
the contract entered into between Antrix, the commercial arm of ISRO,
and the Bangalore-based Devas engaged in developing multimedia and
information services via satellites.

The
reports had pointed out that the equivalent of about Rs. 500 crore for
which the agreement for the lease of transponder capacity was entered
into was grossly short of what the initial estimates from the audit
carried out by the Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General had
suggested.

The 3G auction of radio frequencies available with the Department of Telecommunications had offered a clear benchmark.

But an analysis of the Antrix-Devas agreement throws up pointers that are at variance with the contention of the PMO.

According
to the terms of contract made in January 2005, Antrix represented that
it has the power to enter into and perform this Agreement (the agreement
to deliver space segment communication capacity). The contract was to
deliver to Devas a leased capacity on the primary satellite, five
transponders of 8.1 MHz each and another five transponders of 2.7 MHz
capacity, within a period of 36 months (including a grace period of six
months).

In
satellite communications the grant of transponder is tantamount to
allocation of spectrum, as they are designed to work at specific
frequency bands. In this case, as and when the transponders are allotted
in the S-Band, it follows that spectrum in the 2500 MHz band would be
allotted. This is akin to the way DTH operators are given transponders
for broadcasting.

When
a Tata Sky, Dish TV or other DTH operator is offered a transponder, it
is essentially offered frequency in the Ku band, which is a different
set of radio frequencies.

Termination clause

The
Government has also contended that there is no revenue loss from the
legal arrangement between Antrix and the private company. The extent of
revenue foregone may be open to interpretation.

However,
for the government to contend that there is no financial loss
whatsoever is clearly at variance with the financial penalties that
Antrix is liable to pay out, and hence, by extension, the government,
for any default in the timely delivery of promised transponder
capacities.

 

New Delhi, February 8, 2011 The Hindu

Antrix-Devas S-band deal headed for annulment

Sandeep Joshi, P. Sunderarajan


ISRO
Chairman claims decision to scrap contract was taken in July 2010,
admits ISRO did not inform government of exclusive use of two satellites
by Devas; PMO claims β€˜no revenue loss’

The
controversy-ridden S-band deal between the Indian Space Research
Oragnisation’s commercial arm, Antrix Corporation, and Devas Multimedia
Private Limited is heading for annulment, the Government of India
indicated on Tuesday.

With
the Opposition demanding a probe into allegations that high-value
S-band spectrum worth an estimated Rs 2 lakh crore had been made freely
available by ISRO to the Bangalore-based private company, the Manmohan
Singh government on Tuesday went into damage control mode. Two top space
officials were fielded to deny there was any “dilly-dallying'’ in
terminating the agreement while the Prime Minister’s Office issued a
statement of double denial. The PMO claimed that “no decision was taken
by the Government to allocate space segment using S-band spectrum to
Antrix or Devas” and “hence, the question of revenue loss does not
arise.”

“The
decision to scrap the contract was taken in July 2010 itself by the
Space Commission following an internal review by ISRO…currently
consultations are on at various levels of the government and a decision
on the issue would be taken soon,” K. Radhakrishnan, the ISRO Chairman
and Secretary in the Department of Space, told journalists here.

Denying
any revenue loss to the government from the use of spectrum, Dr.
Radhakrishnan, however, said there was a possibility of financial
implications when the deal was annulled. “We will ensure that the
government does not incur any damages,” he added.

Asked
why the deal, which was highlighted in a detailed expose published in
The Hindu and Business Line on Monday, was being scrapped, Dr.
Radhakrishnan said the two satellites - GSAT 6 and GSAT 6A - ISRO was
planning to launch were primarily intended to be used by Devas
Multimedia, a firm headed by former Scientific Secretary at ISRO, M.G.
Chandrasekhar. The ISRO chief conceded that Devas Multimedia was to
utilise 90 per cent of the capacity of the two satellites that would use
70 MHz of S-band spectrum. However, ISRO later decided that the two
satellites and the spectrum were needed to meet India’s strategic needs
and societal services like education, healthcare, communication, and
disaster management.

Dr.
Radhakrishnan, who addressed the media along with Planning Commission
Member (Science) and former DoS Secretary and ISRO head K.
Kasturirangan, admitted that ISRO did not inform the government that the
two new satellites were planned for exclusive use of Devas Multimedia.
“One point that was not explicitly mentioned [to the Union Cabinet] was
that GSAT 6 and GSAT 6A satellites are going to be predominantly used
for a novel and commercial application developed by Devas Multimedia in
association with global experts,” he said. “Ideally we should have
informed the government about it…an internal review is as to why it
was not mentioned to the government,” the ISRO Chairman stated, adding
that action would be initiated against the guilty.

Asked
why no competitive bidding took place for the use of satellite, Dr.
Radhakrishnan contended that what Devas Multimedia was developing was a
new application and there were no other player. “When the dialogue
started with Devas Multimedia in 2003, it was an emerging scenario and a
new application was being developed…as there was no other players,
hence no bidding.”

Asked
whether the Prime Minister was aware of the Antrix-Devas deal, he
answered that the contract was finalised by the Antrix Board and he had
taken the matter up to the Space Commission. “After the decision [to
annul the deal was made],” he disclosed, “I broached the matter with the
Prime Minister, who is our Minister in-charge and that is how the PMO
issued a press statement today.”

Earlier in the day, the PMO issued the following statement:

“This
office has seen reports alleging loss of Government revenue in a
contract entered into by Antrix and Devas Multimedia Pvt. Ltd. due to
lease of space segment capacity which would use S-band spectrum. The
Comptroller and Auditor General’s office and the Department of Space
have already issued statements stating the factual position on the
matter. It is further clarified that no decision has been taken by the
Government to allocate space segment using S-band spectrum to Antrix or
Devas. Hence, the question of revenue loss does not arise and any such
reports are without basis in fact.”

Meanwhile,
Union Law Ministry sources told The Hindu that as early as July 2010,
the government was advised to terminate the agreement by Additional
Solicitor-General Mohan Parasaran.

 

CHENNAI, February 9, 2011The Hindu

Many former officials now with Devas

Special Correspondent

Several
former technocrats of government agencies, especially the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO), are associated with Devas Multimedia,
which is now at the centre of a controversy over its 2005 agreement with
the country’s space agency.

A
look at the profile of officials in the top management of Devas, its
board of directors and its panel of advisors shows that the
Bangalore-based company has brought together communications engineers
and other experts formerly employed by ISRO, the Department of
Telecommunications and formerly state-run Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd
(VSNL).

Besides
its Chairman M.G. Chandrasekhar, who joined ISRO in 1973 and later
became its Scientific Secretary and member, Apex Management Council, the
company’s Chief Technology Officer D. Venugopal and Associate
President, Business Development and Marketing, Mukund Rao, had been in
ISRO in different capacities.

Its
Board includes Kiran Karnik, former president of NASSCOM, who has
served ISRO in various positions for 20 years, according to Devas
Multimedia’s website.

Two
of the company’s Senior Advisors - Jai Singh and K. Narayanan - had
also held senior positions in ISRO in the past. B.K. Synghal, a Senior
Advisor, is a former Managing Director of VSNL, while another, R.N.
Agarwal, was a Wireless Advisor in the Department of Telecommunications.

Mr.
Chandrasekhar, according to the website, “joined ISRO in 1973 and held
various techno-managerial positions and played a key role in developing
IRS (Indian Remote Sensing satellite series) and INSAT (Indian National
Satellite) programmes and operating its fleet of satellites.” He was
also Managing Director of WorldSpace India, a pioneer in digital
satellite radio services.

Mr.
Venugopal, it says, was Deputy Director, Satellite Communication
Programme, in ISRO headquarters from 1989 to 1998. He had earlier been a
System Engineer in ISRO’s Space Application Centre. Still earlier, he
was Deputy Engineer-in-charge at VSNL.

Mr.
Rao was associated with the National Natural Resources Management
System, an inter-agency programme aimed at optimising use of natural
resources based on remote sensing data. Its secretariat is in ISRO
headquarters.

Among
the Devas advisors, both Mr. Jai Singh and Mr. Narayanan were directors
of ISRO’s satellite communications programme. Mr. Singh was the first
programme director for INSAT and had also been Director, Spectrum
Management. Mr. Narayanan was “closely associated with INSAT since its
inception,” according to the website.

Besides
Mr. Chandrasekhar and Mr. Venugopal, other Directors on the Devas
Multimedia board are its president and CEO Ramachandran Viswanathan, who
had been Managing Director of Forge Advisers, a strategic consultancy,
and a senior official with WorldSpace and broadband internet company
Cidera; Rajendra Singh, Chairman and CEO of Telcom Ventures; Arun Gupta
of Columbia Capital; Kevin Copp of Deutsche Telekom AG; Mr. Karnik, A.
Murugappan, an investment banking consultant; and Gary Parsons and Larry
Babbio, both associated with telecom companies abroad.

V.R.
Katti, ISRO’s Geosat Programme Director, is the nominee of ISRO and
Antrix Corporation, its commercial arm, on the Devas Board, which also
includes Shyam Tandon, an educationist, and Sameer Karwa, an
industrialist.

 

February 10, 2011 The Hindu

Behind the S-band spectrum scandal

Every
well-informed schoolchild knows this is rising India’s Age of
Uninterrupted Scams. No government before the present United Progressive
Alliance regime has had to deal with such a dizzying succession of
exposΓ©s of corruption scandals - 2G spectrum, the Commonwealth Games,
Adarsh Housing, money laundering, and the rest that have come tumbling
out. The latest in the series is the Indian Space Research
Organisation’s deal - hatched in secret and sought to be covered up over
a period of six years - to launch two customer-specific satellites and
give away 70 MHz of high-value S-band for unfettered commercial
exploitation at a scandalously low price of just over Rs 1000 crore to a
private company, Devas Multimedia Private Limited. The transaction and
its implications were first exposed by Business Line, the business daily
of The Hindu group, in a detailed report published on May 31, 2010.

Despite
Telecommunications Minister Kapil Sibal’s defence of the indefensible,
enough is known about the 2G spectrum allocation scam to place it at the
top of the list of independent India’s corruption scandals. But what is
the essence of the S-band spectrum deal concluded in January 2005
between ISRO’s commercial arm, Antrix Corporation, and Devas Multimedia
which, it turns out, was born of an incestuous relationship with India’s
space programme? The agreement (the full text is available under
Resources at www.thehindu.com) relates to two customer-specific
satellites, GSat-6 and GSat 6-A, which ISRO is contractually committed
to design, build, and launch in order to make available to Devas the
S-band spectrum for commercialising a range of multimedia, broadband
services across India. What is special about the S-band, which is
defined as radio waves with frequencies that range from 2 GHz to 4 GHz?
According to “The 2.6 GHz Spectrum Band: Unique Opportunity to Realize
Global Mobile Broadband,” a 2009 report prepared for the GSM
Association: “As mobile voice and data traffic increases, wireless
operators around the world will require additional spectrum. However, as
a finite public commodity, few bands remain available for new
allocation to mobile wireless services and even fewer exist for global
harmonisation of wireless spectrum assets. The 2.6 GHz band is one
exception. The 2.6 GHz band (2500-2690 MHz), sometimes also referred as
the 2.5 GHz band, was allocated by the World Radiocommunication
Conference (WRC) in 2000 for terrestrial mobile communications services.
The band provides an opportunity to meet rapidly rising demand for
capacity to deliver mobile broadband services on a widespread, common
basis across the world.”

Armed
with secret knowledge of what ISRO could do for it by launching
customer-specific satellites to make available at a throwaway price a
large chunk of S-band spectrum, Devas Multimedia - a venture founded in
2004 at the initiative of former officials of the Indian space programme
and involving foreign investors - thought it had struck gold. In July
2008, it even sold a 17 per cent stake to Deutsche Telecom AG for $ 75
million (around Rs. 318 crore at the time) and over the next year was
clearly looking forward to a time of unrivalled growth in valuation.
According to a preliminary estimate by the Comptroller and Auditor
General of India, whose search for the relevant documents within the
Department of Space has been actively obstructed, the presumptive loss
of revenue to the government in the event of the Antrix-Devas deal going
through now would exceed two lakh crore rupees (approximately $44.4
billion).

ISRO
and the Department of Space have scored many successes and enjoyed a
good, clean reputation over the decades. Fortunately, in late 2009 some
outraged insiders blew the whistle on the secret deal - so secret that
ISRO’s chief, K. Radhakrishnan, had to admit at a press conference on
February 8, 2011 that for reasons that were being “reviewed” internally,
ISRO failed “explicitly” to inform the Union Cabinet that GSat-6 and
GSat-6A were customer-specific satellites that would be “predominantly
used for a novel and commercial application developed by Devas
Multimedia in association with global experts.” Towards the end of 2009,
thanks to the whistle-blowers and perhaps not unrelated to the stink
raised by the 2G spectrum allocation scandal, a view began to form at
the top levels of ISRO that the Antrix-Devas deal must be annulled. The
Space Commission also wanted the deal to be annulled and the Prime
Minister was informed on an indeterminate date.

But
nothing much happened until Business Line published its report in May
2010, which the CAG followed up conscientiously despite the bureaucratic
hurdles placed in its path. Among the concerns registered by the CAG in
its process of enquiry were the following: S-band spectrum was being
given away without inviting competitive bids; organisational control
systems were not followed; the Prime Minister’s Office, the Cabinet, and
the Space Commission were not properly informed about the contract
details; public resources were being diverted to building two
customer-specific satellites; and the contract terms deviated from the
terms of previous contracts entered into by ISRO and Antrix. To cut the
story short, the publication of the results of the special Business Line
investigation, backed up by documents and other reliable evidence, in
The Hindu and Business Line has brought the CAG’s commendable efforts to
light - and placed the nature, scale, and modalities of the S-band
spectrum scandal on the public agenda. True to form, those at the
receiving end have questioned the accuracy of the media reports or
suggested they are overblown. It is a matter of satisfaction that the
deal now seems to be heading for annulment - but no thanks to due
diligence and oversight by a central government whose procrastination,
lack of transparency, obfuscation, and indeed delinquency in this affair
have shocked the nation.

 

Antrix-Devas S-band spectrum deal scrapped

PTI Business Line New Delhi, Feb 17: 

The
controversial S-Band spectrum deal between ISRO’s commercial arm Antrix
and private firm Devas Multimedia was scrapped on Thursday.

The
decision to annul the deal was taken at a meeting of the Cabinet
Committee on Security (CCS) chaired by Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh
on the basis of a recommendation from the Space Commission.

The
annulment comes in the wake of a raging controversy over the deal for
handing over 70 Mhz of S-Band spectrum to the private firm for Rs 1,000
crore on which the CAG has already initiated action. According to
certain estimates, this deal may have resulted in a loss of Rs 2 lakh
crore to the exchequer.

After
news reports about the possible revenue loss appeared, the Government
and ISRO said the project was already under review and action has been
initiated for termination of the contract.

The
Prime Minister said yesterday that the deal had never been
operationalised and rejected suggestions that his office had held
“backroom” talks with Devas after the Space Commission’s decision to
scrap the deal. He had said that if there has been delay in scrapping
the deal, this has been “only procedural”.

Devas
Multimedia had yesterday termed as “disturbing and inappropriate” the
government’s “unilateral” decision to terminate the agreement and
threatened to take legal action.

It
said the government had reached the decision “without due investigative
process and without following the principles of natural justice”.

 

Antrix-Devas S-band deal: All eyes now on panel report

Our Bureau BL

Bangalore, March 9: 

A
month to this day since the two-member high-powered review committee on
the Antrix-Devas Multimedia contract was formed by the Prime Minister’s
Office, the attention is now on what the panel has to say about the
issue.

Informed
sources said the committee was due to finalise and submit the report by
March 9 or 10. One of the panel members declined to confirm this,
saying the report was meant for the PMO.

On
February 9, the PMO had appointed Planning Commission member, Mr B.K.
Chaturvedi, and Space Commission member and aerospace scientist, Dr
Roddam Narasimha, and given them a month’s time to look into any
irregularities in the contract.

The
contract between ISRO’s arm Antrix Corporation and Devas Multimedia
Private Ltd was signed on January 2005, but the Centre annulled it
amidst controversy over its procedural, financial aspects and the access
to the S-band spectrum to the private company.

The
panel was mandated to review the technical, commercial, procedural and
financial aspects of the agreement; whether procedures and approval
processes were followed by Antrix and the Department of Space; and to
suggest improvements and changes.

According
to the agreement, ISRO was to build and launch two successive S-band
communications satellites for commercial multi-media services by Devas.

The
Centre annulled the deal last month saying it was heavily tilted in
favour of the private company and also said it would keep the precious
S-band spectrum for Government and security agencies.

The issue has also come under the scanner of the CAG.

 

 

On S-Band Spectrum Scam
Date:  11 February 2011

The Polit Bureau of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) has issued the following statement:

On The S-band Spectrum Scam

The
Business Line-Hindu newspapers have exposed the S-band spectrum deal
involving the ISRO Company Antrix and a private company, Devas
Multimedia. By this agreement, the private company was to get access to
high quality spectrum of 70 MHz through the launching of two custom-made
satellites. The presumptive loss of revenue to the government would
have been atleast Rs. 2 lakh crores.

Faced
with this exposure, the UPA government has resorted to the now familiar
pattern when confronted with largescale scams and corruption. It has
sought to underplay the extent of wrongdoing, claim that the agreement
has not been implemented and obfuscate the issues involved.

A
number of questions remain unanswered in this affair which falls under
the purview of the Department of Space, which is directly under the
Prime Minister. How is it that the Cabinet gave clearance for launching
the first satellite in December 2005 which is meant solely for the
purpose of the private company? Why the agreement was not cancelled when
the contract was found to be inappropriate and the Space Commission
wanted it annulled in July 2010? Why is it that the government did not
act even after the Additional Solicitor General had recommended that the
termination of the agreement be a Government decision?

The
latest decision by the Prime Minister to constitute a two-member
committee to β€œreview” the agreement is highly questionable. What is the
necessity for a β€œreview” when already the contract has been found to be
unjustified and needs to be annulled? The persons appointed – a former
Cabinet Secretary and a member of the Space Commission –were both
involved in the processing of the deal. The intention seems to be to
keep this as an in-house matter.

The Polit Bureau of the CPI(M) demands an independent time-bound high-level enquiry by a retired judge of the Supreme Court.

There
are media reports of the obstructions faced by the Comptroller and
Auditor General in examining the contract. The CAG should be able to
examine fully all the relevant papers regarding the agreement.

The
people of the country will not be satisfied till all the facts about
this dubious deal are uncovered and the guilty brought to book.

 

S-Band spectrum scandal - entire story and details


All
about the 2lakh crore S-Band Spectrum Scandal where ISRO signed a deal
with private company, Devas Multimedia Private Limited

As
the UPA government under Prime Minister Manmahon Singh tries to get
over the mega 2G spectrum scam, comes yet another big scandal, from the
Government’s own organization ISRO(Indian Space Research Organisation).
The expected loss to the Indian Government due to the signing of this
deal is expected to reach upto Rs. 2 lakh crores.

S-Band Spectrum Scandal


In January,2005 Antrix Corporation(part of ISRO) and Devas
Multimedia, a private company signed a deal which was kept completely
secret from the Indian Government as well as the public. According to
the deal, ISRO is committed to launch 2 satellites and provide as much
as 70Mhz of S-band. The compensation paid by Devas for this job was
about US$ 20 Million.
The S-band is section in the electromagnetic spectrum which
is useful for the Mobile and radio communications. According to the
CAG(Comptroller and Auditor General of India) reports, the expected loss
of Revenue to the Government due to this secret deal would reach upto
Rs. 2 lakh crores.

what is S-band?


S-Band is a part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum. It ranges
from frequencies 2GHz to 4GHz, according to IEEE. The 2.6GHz
range(sometimes also named as 2.55GHz range) ranges from 2500MHz(2.5GHz)
to 2690MHz(2.69GHz). This range is used by the organizations for
communicating with the satellites.
As mobile broadband technology has started to initiate using
the 4G spectrum, it is most viable to use the 2.5GHz S-band for this
technology. These 190MHz provide a huge range for broadband
communication because of the width of the band.
According to the deal, ISRO was committed to provide as much
as 70MHz of this hugely precious 190MHz using the two satellites that
were to be launched and maintained by ISRO.

Antrix-Devas Agreement


On 25th January,2005 an agreement was signed between
Antrix(part of ISRO) and Devas Multimedia Pvt Ltd. According to the
Antrix-Devas Agreement
1. ISRO and Devas will work together to build, launch and use two satellites G-Sat6 and G-Sat7.
2. ISRO will lease S-band frequencies to Devas with as much
as 50MHz frequency from G-Sat6 and upto 20MHz from G-Sat7 through
various transponders
3. ISRO will provide the S-band to Devas within 3 years from the date of first installment.
4. The said frequency in S-band would be leased for a period of 12 years since the commencement of the agreement.
5. $US 20 million compensation in the form of reservation fees to be paid by Devas in three installments.

allegations put forth by the CAG


A few of the allegations which were put forth by the CAG regarding the Antrix-Devas Agreement
1. Distribution of the S-band 2.5Gz spectrum without any auction or bids.
2. Government of India, PMO and the Space Commission were
not given the details of the satellites being customer specific and not
being towards any public service.
3. Government funds would be utilized in construction and
launching of the satellites as ISRO is essentially Government
organization.
4. Had the distribution done through auctions, the estimated
revenue the Government of India could generate would be close to 2 lakh
crores.

S-band scandal - Important timelines


2004 - Devas Multimedia was founded by officials of Space Commission
25th January,2005 - Secret agreement between Antrix and Devas signed
July 2008 - Foreign investor Deutsche Telecom bought 17% shares of Devas Multimedia for US$75 million
2009 - ISRO insiders blew whistle regarding this mega scandal
31 May 2010 - With the help of CAG, Business Line (The Hindu daily) published the S-band scandal
8th February 2011 - ISRO chief K.Radhakrishnan addressed a press regarding the Antrix deal
February 2011 - PMO issued press release stating that no
decision was taken by Government of India in allocation of the S-band.

http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/scrap-all-coal-block-allocations-between-1993-and-2008-recommends-parliamentary-panel-report-sources-357614

Latest News

Scrap all coal block allocations between 1993 and 2008, recommends parliamentary panel report: sources



Scrap all coal block allocations between 1993 and 2008, recommends parliamentary panel report: sources

New Delhi: Parliament
continues to witness fresh disruptions today as a united Opposition has
upped the ante over the twin controversies of 2G and coal scam. And in
what could provide it with fresh ammunition is a report by a standing
committee on allocation of coal blocks that is expected to be tabled
today. The report, sources say, is damning for the government as it
indicts the latter for irregularities in distribution of coal fields.

According
to sources, the report has recommended the cancellation of all coal
blocks allotted between 1993 and 2008. The recommendation is based on
the premise that procedure was not followed while granting coal blocks
to firms during this period. 

The report, sources say, has
pointed out that the allocation and supply of coal blocks between 1993
and 2004 was done in a “non-transparent” manner - several firms who
approached the Coal Ministry were “arbitrarily” given away coal blocks.
The report further goes to say that even though an advertisement was put
out calling for application of coal blocks between 2005 and 2006, no
bidding or auction was held. It has slammed the government for
distributing a precious natural resource in a “most unauthorized
manner”, which caused a loss of revenue.


Most Recent

The report, thus, may prove to be a fresh
headache for an already beleaguered government which is battling another
coal controversy, courtesy a CBI report. The latter’s report has
faulted the government for not verifying the credentials of private
firms who misrepresented financial and other records to land valuable
coal fields. The issue is sensitive for the government because for some
of those years, the Prime Minister held charge of the Coal Ministry.

The
investigating agency’s report on “Coal-gate” itself is also under the
scanner over allegations that it was reviewed by Law Minister Ashwani
Kumar before it was submitted to the Supreme Court last month.

http://www.scandalsinindia.co.in/political-scandals-in-india/commonwealth-games.htm

All About Scandals In India

banner

Commonwealth Games

There are many concerns and disputes appeared before this
years Earth Activities in the New Delhi, Native Indian, which received
the widespread press coverage both at Native indian and worldwide.

The Commonwealth Activities was seriously criticized by many
prominent Native indian political figures and activists because billions
dollars had got spent on sports occasion despite fact that Native
Indian has largest concentration of the indigent. Several problems
related to this years Commonwealth Activity have got outlined by Native
Indian undercover agencies and press outlets; includes β€” serious
corruption by officials of the Social gaming applications’ Planning
Panel, setbacks in the construction of main Social gaming applications’
venues, infrastructural compromise, possibility of a enemy attack, and
exceptionally inadequate ticket selling before the occasion.

Organisational failure

Vigilance-related irregularities and Over-Invoicing:

On July 28, 2010 the Central Cautious Commission, and Native indian
government body created for address government data file crime error,
released a review showing problems in 14 CWG tasks. As per formal
reviews, in 129 works in the 71 organizations got examine. The detailed
initial conclusions included the prize of perform agreements at the
higher quotes, low quality guarantee as well as management, and perform
agreements granted to the ineligible agencies.

There are accusations of extensive data file crime error in different
aspects of planning the activities such as purchase and giving
agreements for developing the game locations. The Commonwealth
Organising Panel on the 5 Aug year 2010 halted joint home T S Darbari
along with M Jayachandran following the reviews of 3-member panel which
searched the financial problems related to Queen’s Baton Communicate.

Also, Organising Panel Anil Khanna treasurer reconciled from post in
the awakening of accusations about his son firm got secured the contract
for the purpose of resting artificial legal courts. The news Global
Post agency reviews that scams have come into light, as “many shadowy
shore firms, made e-mails, mysterious payments to fake companies and
filled bills β€” for single purchase from rest room tissue to treadmill
machine.” Among the claimed data file crime error and defrauding of the
activities budget, rest room tissue comes respected at $3 were cost at
the $81, $2 detergent dispensers at $60, $97 decorative mirrors at the
$221, $11,831 elevation training simulator at the $250,191.

Preparation delays:

In Sept year 2009, CGF primary Scott Fennell revealed that activities
were at chance of falling behind routine and that was “reasonable to
determine that the unique circumstances presents a serious danger to the
Commonwealth in year 2010″. A report thrugh Native indian Government
released several months prior found that development perform on 14out of
19 sports locations was behind routine.

Randhir Singh- The Chief of Native indian Olympic Organization had
indicated his concerns regarding the present situation. Singh had called
regarding the update of Planning Panel leaving comments that Native
indian now has to “retrieve games”. Other Native indian authorities had
also indicated surprise at continuous setbacks but they had stated that
they have been confident that Native indian will efficiently host
activities and promptly.

As Times of Native Indian reviews, CWG tasks had to be finished till
May year 2009 and last season should have kept for the test operates.
The paper further reviews that first ground was passed over for test
operates in 2010 only. To put setbacks in viewpoint, China National
Stadium got finished much ahead of routine for 2008 Summer months
Olympic games, and locations for thr2012 Summer months Olympic games in
London are planned to be provided one season before the activities and
the development of the locations is also on track.

In Aug year 2010, Cabinet Secretariat had taken a decision to find
ten authorities of position of Joint along with Additional Assistants to
manage the progress of development of arenas. Each officer has been
assigned a ground and given the liability to ensure that perform
finishes in here regarding the activities. This was all about the
Commonwealth Games.

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-22/india/37241050_1_agustawestland-contract-and-integrity-pact-defence-ministry

The Times of India

VVIP helicopter scam: Defence ministry to decide on action after joint secretary, CBI reports

NEW
DELHI: The defence ministry will decide its further course of action in
the bribery scandal surrounding the VVIP helicopter contract after
examining the “evidence” gathered by its joint secretary sent to Italy
last week as well as the preliminary report to be submitted by the CBI.


“We will first study the reports submitted by our joint secretary (air
acquisitions) Arun Kumar Bal, who will return by the weekend, and the
CBI. Though in principle the decision has been taken to scrap the
contract, strong documentation will be needed in the eventuality the
case goes for arbitration,” said a senior MoD official on Thursday.

The ministry expects to get the reply from AgustaWestland, the
UK-based subsidiary of Italian conglomerate Finmeccanica, to its
show-cause notice by Friday. On February 15, the company was given a
week to explain why its contract should not be cancelled and penal
action initiated against it.

But AgustaWestland, in its reply, is
unlikely to admit it had hired any middle-men or paid any bribes to
them to swing the Rs 3,546-crore contract to supply India with 12 VVIP
helicopters, said sources.

As first reported by TOI last week,
AgustaWestland managing director Geoff Hoon has already written to MoD
to “categorically” state his company had “not undertaken any financial
transaction” with any Indian individual or entity in violation of the
integrity pact or any other terms and conditions of the contract.


Hoon himself has earlier been a highly-controversial politician in UK,
having served as the British secretary of state for defence before being
disgraced in a political lobbying scandal in 2010.

On Thursday,
AgustaWestland again said, “It is responding to the notice in the spirit
of full cooperation with the Indian MoD” and its “conduct has been
fully compliant with the rules which regulate the AW-101 helicopter
contract signed with India”.

The MoD, however, will seek more
clarifications from the company. The ministry is also grappling with the
question of who should be blacklisted - AgustaWestland or the entire
Finmeccanica group - if the matter comes to a head. Both the contract
and integrity pact inked with AgustaWestland contain specific provisions
by which “strict action including the cancellation of contract,
recovery of payment, blacklisting and penal action” can be unleashed
against the vendor.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash-for-votes_scandal


Cash-for-votes scandal

The cash-for-votes scandal is a scandal in which the United Progressive Alliance, the majority-holding parliamentary-party alliance of India led by Sonia Gandhi, allegedly bribed Indian MPs in order to survive a confidence vote on 22 July 2008. The vote in the Lok Sabha arose after the Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Front withdrew support from the government, who wanted to pursue an Indo-US nuclear deal.

Events and allegations

The CPI(M) objected to a proposal that would see the United States
supply nuclear technology to India in return for India agreeing to
United Nations inspections of its nuclear programs and the splitting of
the civil and military aspects of those programs. CPI(M) believed that
this would cause India to be effectively subservient to the US. The Bharatiya Janata Party
(BJP) also objected, on the grounds that the inspections could impede
development of the country’s nuclear arms program. The vote was won by
the government in the face of the predominantly left-wing and Hindu
nationalist objections. It had been arguing that the nuclear
infrastructure needed to be developed more rapidly because the existing
electric generation facilities were incapable of meeting growing demand.[1]

The government’s success in the 2008 confidence vote was marred when three BJP MPs, including Ashok Argal,
waved bundles of cash which they produced from bags in parliament
during the debate, accusing the government of giving it to them in order
to buy their support or abstention in the vote. The BJP demanded the
resignation of Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh over the allegations and claimed that they had video
evidence of the deals being made, while the CPI(M) leader said that
“Practically every member of parliament has been approached with offers
of money and inducements.” The government denied the allegations,
pointing out that Argal would have self-incriminated himself by
admitting to receiving a bribe. The Speaker, Somnath Chatterjee, asked New Delhi’s police chief to investigate.[1][2]

A fortnight later, on 2 August, the BJP offered “documentary evidence” to support its allegation that Argal, Faggan Singh Kulaste and Mahaveer Bhagora
had been bribed. The evidence included transcripts of video recordings
and explanatory letters from two of the MPs, all of which was passed to
the investigatory committee that had been set up by parliament. The BJP
also criticised CNN-IBN, who had recorded the BJP MP’s attempt to sting the government but had not broadcast it.[3]

The tapes were broadcast on 12 August 2008 after CNN-IBN had made its
appearance before the investigating committee. The company had resisted
the calls for an earlier broadcast on the grounds of legal opinion that
it had not yet attended the committee and that the broadcast might
prejudice the investigatory process.[4][5]

The parliamentary investigation began on 30 July 2008 and has frequently been referred to as the Kishore Chandra Deo committee.[5] The committee reported in December 2008 that it had found no evidence of bribery in the case of Rajya Sabha members Amar Singh and Ahmad Patel. They had been accused of offering the bribes, and Singh was a prominent member of the Samajwadi Party
(SP) which had begun to support the government at the time when the
Left Front moved to oppose it. The committee also recommended further
investigation into the activities of Sanjeev Saxena, Sohail Hindustani and Sudheendra Kulkarni. Saxena was an aide to Amar Singh, Kulkarni had a similar role for the BJP leader, L. K. Advani and Hindustani was a Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha
activist (although some early reports say that he was a driver). Some
committee members distanced themselves from the report’s full
conclusions but agreed that the additional investigation was needed.[6]
The report concluded that the video evidence relating to a car at
Singh’s house was insufficient proof: it was not possible to determine
who was in the car and “It does not prove what transpired inside the
house. There is nothing to show that money was offered for voting in
favour of the motion of confidence or for abstaining from voting.”[7]

A police investigation was instigated in January 2009 to look into
the issues relating to Saxena, Hindustani and Kulkarni which had been
recommended in the report of the parliamentary committee.[8]

Revelations by WikiLeaks

The Congress Party had worked to support the government in the vote and on 17 March 2011 WikiLeaks claimed[9] that Nachiketa Kapur,
a Congress Party political aide, had boasted to US Embassy officials in
July 2008 that his party had funds to bribe MPs in order to obtain a
favourable outcome. Kapur claimed that four MPs who were members of Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD) had already been paid off. The Hindu reported that

Five days before the Manmohan Singh government
faced a crucial vote of confidence on the Indo-U.S. nuclear deal in
2008, a political aide to Congress leader Satish Sharma showed a U.S.
Embassy employee “two suitcases containing cash” he said was part of a
bigger fund of Rs. 500 million ($13 million) to Rs. 600 million ($15
million) that the party had assembled to purchase the support of MPs.”[10]

Former United States Ambassador to India David Campbell Mulford
commented that US diplomatic cables were “generally accurate” but that
all he could recall of the incident was that someone “turned out with a
suitcase of money and dumped it on the table … That was clear
theatrics.”[11]
In denying any wrongdoing, the RLD pointed out that they only had three
MPs at the time, not four as stated in the leaked cable.[12] Satish Sharma, who was the person for whom Kapur acted as an aide according to the cable, said that he had no aide at all.[13]

The revelations led immediately to further calls for the resignation
of Manmohan Singh and also for an investigation of the activities of
Kapur and Sharma. There were also calls for the issue of a First Information Report (FIR), which is the formal means by which the police record their notification of an offence.[14]

It was announced on the following day, 18 March, that the police
investigation into the original allegations was near to completion.[8]

Tehelka expose

Tehelka,
a sometimes controversial publication that specialises in exposΓ©s,
reported that the entire affair was a BJP set-up designed to entrap
members of the government. The report was based on an account given by Siddharth Gautam,
a CNN-IBN reporter who had been involved, and on some recordings of
telephone conversations that had not previously been made available.[15]

Supreme Court involvement

An application was made to the Supreme Court on 2 April requesting that it ordered a Special Investigation Team to probe the affair. The applicants were a group calling themselves the India Rejuvenation Initiative
and they argued that the investigatory process had stalled since the
report of the parliamentary committee. The hearing was adjourned to due a
procedural irregularity in the application,[16]
and when this was resolved on 2 May the Court issued notices to the
Delhi police and government that required them to provide information
regarding the current status of the investigation.[17] The petitioners said that

The cash-for-vote incident showed the desperate
depths to which certain political functionaries and parties stooped to
ensure victory on the floor of the House, and these exposures represent
both a gross moral degeneration and crass political opportunism of the
government and had degraded and disgraced our sacrosanct traditions of
parliamentary democracy,[17]

On 7 July the Court voiced its frustration with the continued absence
of the requested status reports and set a filing deadline of 15 July.
The police had requested a further two months to fulfil the request.[18]
Upon being presented with the status report, the Court criticised the
lethargy of the police investigation, complaining that little had been
done and that which had been done was poorly documented, inconsistent
and in places factually incorrect.[19]

The court was similarly disparaging of a second report which followed
on from a burst of activity by the police. On 5 August 2011, Justice
Loda said

What are you doing regarding these inferences? It
is distressing that middlemen of the cheapest kind tried to manipulate
Parliament proceedings. To some extent, they have succeeded. You must
find out what is the source of the money. You failed to achieve anything
substantial in the case for two years and got activated only after the
apex court orders.[20]


Arrests

Saxena was arrested on 17 July, two days after the police had been criticised by the Court.[21]
The police claimed to have sufficient evidence to prove that he had
delivered money to the three BJP MPs and alleged that he had misled both
their enquiry and that of parliament. They also announced that they had
interviewed Bhahora and Kulaste, who were no longer MPs, but that their
ability to interview Argal was hampered because he was still in office.[22] They had applied to the Home Ministry
for permission to interview him and Amar Singh, still a member of the
Rajya Sabha, and further announced that they intended to re-interview
Hindustani.[23]
The developments caused Deo to clarify that his committee had not
absolved Singh of any involvement but rather that it had found no
evidence to confirm involvement. He also had to explain that the
decision not to interview Singh had been because the committee had no prima facie
evidence of Singh’s involvement, the summonsing process for a Rajya
Sabha member would have been complex, and the outcome may have still
been a failure to attend as Singh was not obliged to do so. Furthermore,
he stated, the dissenting members of the committee had agreed with its
conclusions but had disagreed with his chairmanship. Deo had become a
cabinet minister on 12 July.[24]

Hindustani was arrested on 20 July and announced that he would be
repeating his previous statements that he had been approached by Singh
and some members of the Congress Party who had wanted him to “arrange”
BJP votes.[25]
The police described him as the “orchestrator” and explained that he
was working for the BJP in an attempt to entrap the government, but his
defence counsel has claimed that he was just a “whistleblower” and that
as such he should not have been the primary focus of police attention.[26]
The BJP took a similar line to defence counsel, claiming that the
investigation was an “eyewash”, querying how police lethargy had turned
so quickly and suggesting that they were being put under pressure by the
government.[27]

Singh was interviewed on 22 July and on the same day the police announced that they wished to speak with SP MP Rewati Raman Singh, whom the BJP MPs alleged had approached them on behalf of Amar Singh.[28]
On the same day, the Court ordered that Hindustani and Saxena should be
detained in custody for 14 days, despite defence arguments of police
misconduct. The defence claimed that the police had not interviewed
Hindustani and therefore had no new evidence upon which to base their
recent claims of orchestration. When the police stated that interviews
had taken place the defence counsel responded by noting that they had
not been present for any such interviews and that their presence was a
legal requirement.[29] The detentions were subsequently extended to 18 August.[30]

Despite Amar Singh having previously fallen out with his party’s
leadership and being expelled from the party, Mulayam Singh, the leader
of the SP, voiced his support for the ex-member on 24 July and claimed
that Amar Singh had been framed.[31]
Rewati Raman Singh and Argal were interviewed by police on the
following day, with Singh claiming that he gave them the same details as
he had previously given to the investigatory committee, and Argal
claiming that in fact Singh had approached him in relation to
facilitating the alleged bribe.[32] Kulkarni was interviewed on 14 July.[33]

Amar Singh was arrested on 6 September for his alleged involvement in
the scam and was ordered to be remanded in custody until 19 September.
He had appealed to the court to exempt him from appearing personally,
stating that he was ill with an infection; however, his request was
rejected.[34






Green Cleaning Small Business Idea

The Pros and Cons of Starting a Green Cleaning Business

Cleaning your house with green or environmentally friendly cleaning
products is good for the earth and for keeping your family members and
pets safe from chemicals. Many people who want to use green cleaning
products often hire green house cleaning professionals to clean their
homes with the safest products.

If you have an interest in the environment and enjoy cleaning, a green cleaning business could be a good business idea for you.

Pros

Some of the reasons a green cleaning business is an attractive business idea include:

  • A green cleaning business is relatively easy to establish.
  • It’s environmentally sound because green cleaning products reduce chemicals and are better for humans and animals.
  • The startup costs are minimal.
  • You can easily add to your services to provide a well-rounded experience for your clients.
  • You can add staff to expand your business.
  • You can target households and businesses.

Cons

Some of the potential challenges of starting a green cleaning business include:

  • It’s hard physical labor if you do all of the cleaning yourself.
  • You really need to enjoy cleaning.
  • You may find that it’s tough to generate business in a down economy.
  • You will have to purchase green cleaning supplies.
  • You need a thorough knowledge of green cleaning techniques and products.
  • You may need to be bonded and insured to work in others’ homes.

Recommended Resources


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