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LESSONS 3341 Fri 1 May 2020 29) Classical English,Roman Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING from KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT! Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice. May all surviving 7,781,187,369 Current World Population and COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Recovered:1,039,168 Last updated: May 01, 2020, 01:02 GMT out of Coronavirus Cases:3,307,652 be ever happy, well and secure! May all live long! May all be calm, quiet, alert, attentive, and have equanimity mind with a clear understanding that everything is changing ! May the United Nations Organization and World Health Organization with the support of all countries create a separate Nation with all latest automatic robots to serve the Coronavirus Cases:3,220,225 !! Say YES to Paper Ballots NO to EVMs/VVPATs to save Democracy, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for the welfare, happiness and peace for all Awakened aboriginal societies. is the HONEST VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (HVoAAAS) Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist) All Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch) Awakened One with Awareness the Buddha said that “hunger is the worst kind of illness.
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Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta: The Great Discourse on the Establishing of
Awareness; mindfulness of body, feelings, mind, mental qualities
Buddhist Sutras and Sutta English | Dharma
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Perhaps the greatest teaching on mindfulness, the Maha (translates as:
great) Satipatthana is a Sutta that serious meditators of all traditions
reference in modern teachings. As a Pali sutta, it is an important
teaching for the elder path (Theravada) — and mindfulness is a major
foundational practice. In advanced Mahamudra and Dzogchen, Vajrayana
Buddhist methods, the Maha-Satipatthana is often quoted by teachers. In
the great Zen traditions, the Great Discourse on Establishing of
Awareness is often a core teaching.
In the Maha-Satipatthana, Buddha
elaborates further on previous discourses, such as the Satipatthana
Sutta (full sutra here>>), and gives four great frames or
reference: mindfulness of body, feelings, mind, and mental qualities.
The greatest of teachers, Shakyamuni.
Venerable Thanissaro Bhikku.
Thanissaro Bhikkhu, who translated the sutra below, cautioned in his commentary:
At first glance, the four frames of reference for satipatthana practice
sound like four different meditation exercises, but MN 118 makes clear
that they can all center on a single practice: keeping the breath in
mind. When the mind is with the breath, all four frames of reference are
right there.
He elaborates with an example: “The difference lies
simply in the subtlety of one’s focus. It’s like learning to play the
piano. As you get more proficient at playing, you also become sensitive
in listening to ever more subtle levels in the music. This allows you to
play even more skillfully. In the same way, as a meditator gets more
skilled in staying with the breath, the practice of satipatthana gives
greater sensitivity in peeling away ever more subtle layers of
participation in the present moment until nothing is left standing in
the way of total release.”
The most Venerable Zasep Tulku
Rinpoche is a Tibetan born Guru, spiritual head of many meditation
centres in North America and Australia.
These four
mindfulnesses are an important teaching in Tibetan Mahamudra. Normally,
the teacher begins with instructions in meditation on breath and
“mindfulness.” Then, often the teacher, especially on a retreat, will
separately guide meditations on the four mindfulnesses: body, feelings,
mind, mental qualities. In part 2 of Buddha Weekly’s coverage of a
weekend Mahamudra event, Venerable Zasep Tulku Rinpoche said:
“You should refer to the Mahasatipatthana Sutta, the Great Mindfulness
Sutta, which taught how to establish mindfulness of body (Kaya),
sensations (Vedana), mind (Citta) and mental contents (Dhamma).”
As a
practical teaching, Rinpoche began with Body Mindfulness: “Shakyamuni
Buddha taught the mindfulness of body first,” Rinpoche explained, at the
beginning of session two. “Why body first? Because this is the object
we see. We see body first.”
He brought chuckles from the audience as
he illustrated with is own body: “Oh, I’ve got a goatee. I’ve got grey
hair. I’m getting old. I’ve got some wrinkles. I can feel my knees and
ankles, my stiffness.” He explained that because we see all of this
first, our first perception, we should practice mindfulness of body
first.
“When you practice mindfulness of body, you don’t judge. We
don’t judge your body. You don’t compare your body with somebody else…
The way you practice mindfulness of body is you observe your body just
as it is.” In his teaching, Rinpoche offered guided meditations on each
of the four.
[Full Maha-satipatthana Sutta below]
DN 22 PTS: D ii 290
Maha-satipatthana Sutta: The Great Frames of Reference
translated from the Pali by
Thanissaro Bhikkhu
I have heard that on one occasion the Blessed One was staying in the
Kuru country. Now there is a town of the Kurus called Kammasadhamma.
There the Blessed One addressed the monks, “Monks.”
“Lord,” the monks replied.
The Blessed One said this: “This is the direct path for the
purification of beings, for the overcoming of sorrow & lamentation,
for the disappearance of pain & distress, for the attainment of the
right method, & for the realization of Unbinding — in other words,
the four frames of reference. Which four?
“There is the case
where a monk remains focused on the body in & of itself — ardent,
alert, & mindful — putting aside greed & distress with reference
to the world. He remains focused on feelings… mind… mental qualities in
& of themselves — ardent, alert, & mindful — putting aside
greed & distress with reference to the world.
A. Body
“And how does a monk remain focused on the body in & of itself?
[1] “There is the case where a monk — having gone to the wilderness, to
the shade of a tree, or to an empty building — sits down folding his
legs crosswise, holding his body erect and setting mindfulness to the
fore [lit: the front of the chest]. Always mindful, he breathes in;
mindful he breathes out.
“Breathing in long, he discerns, ‘I am
breathing in long’; or breathing out long, he discerns, ‘I am breathing
out long.’ Or breathing in short, he discerns, ‘I am breathing in
short’; or breathing out short, he discerns, ‘I am breathing out short.’
He trains himself, ‘I will breathe in sensitive to the entire body.’ He
trains himself, ‘I will breathe out sensitive to the entire body.’ He
trains himself, ‘I will breathe in calming bodily fabrication.’ He
trains himself, ‘I will breathe out calming bodily fabrication.’ Just as
a skilled turner or his apprentice, when making a long turn, discerns,
‘I am making a long turn,’ or when making a short turn discerns, ‘I am
making a short turn’; in the same way the monk, when breathing in long,
discerns, ‘I am breathing in long’; or breathing out long, he discerns,
‘I am breathing out long’ … He trains himself, ‘I will breathe in
calming bodily fabrication.’ He trains himself, ‘I will breathe out
calming bodily fabrication.’
“In this way he remains focused
internally on the body in & of itself, or externally on the body in
& of itself, or both internally & externally on the body in
& of itself. Or he remains focused on the phenomenon of origination
with regard to the body, on the phenomenon of passing away with regard
to the body, or on the phenomenon of origination & passing away with
regard to the body. Or his mindfulness that ‘There is a body’ is
maintained to the extent of knowledge & remembrance. And he remains
independent, unsustained by (not clinging to) anything in the world.
This is how a monk remains focused on the body in & of itself.
[2] “Furthermore, when walking, the monk discerns, ‘I am walking.’ When
standing, he discerns, ‘I am standing.’ When sitting, he discerns, ‘I
am sitting.’ When lying down, he discerns, ‘I am lying down.’ Or however
his body is disposed, that is how he discerns it.
“In this way
he remains focused internally on the body in & of itself, or focused
externally… unsustained by anything in the world. This is how a monk
remains focused on the body in & of itself.
[3] “Furthermore,
when going forward & returning, he makes himself fully alert; when
looking toward & looking away… when bending & extending his
limbs… when carrying his outer cloak, his upper robe & his bowl…
when eating, drinking, chewing, & savoring… when urinating &
defecating… when walking, standing, sitting, falling asleep, waking up,
talking, & remaining silent, he makes himself fully alert.
“In this way he remains focused internally on the body in & of
itself, or focused externally… unsustained by anything in the world.
This is how a monk remains focused on the body in & of itself.
[4] “Furthermore… just as if a sack with openings at both ends were
full of various kinds of grain — wheat, rice, mung beans, kidney beans,
sesame seeds, husked rice — and a man with good eyesight, pouring it
out, were to reflect, ‘This is wheat. This is rice. These are mung
beans. These are kidney beans. These are sesame seeds. This is husked
rice,’ in the same way, monks, a monk reflects on this very body from
the soles of the feet on up, from the crown of the head on down,
surrounded by skin and full of various kinds of unclean things: ‘In this
body there are head hairs, body hairs, nails, teeth, skin, flesh,
tendons, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura, spleen,
lungs, large intestines, small intestines, gorge, feces, bile, phlegm,
pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, skin-oil, saliva, mucus, fluid in the
joints, urine.’
“In this way he remains focused internally on the
body in & of itself, or focused externally… unsustained by anything
in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on the body in &
of itself.
[5] “Furthermore… just as a skilled butcher or his
apprentice, having killed a cow, would sit at a crossroads cutting it up
into pieces, the monk contemplates this very body — however it stands,
however it is disposed — in terms of properties: ‘In this body there is
the earth property, the liquid property, the fire property, & the
wind property.’
“In this way he remains focused internally on the
body in & of itself, or focused externally… unsustained by anything
in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on the body in &
of itself.
[6] “Furthermore, as if he were to see a corpse cast
away in a charnel ground — one day, two days, three days dead — bloated,
livid, & festering, he applies it to this very body, ‘This body,
too: Such is its nature, such is its future, such its unavoidable fate’…
“Or again, as if he were to see a corpse cast away in a charnel ground,
picked at by crows, vultures, & hawks, by dogs, hyenas, &
various other creatures… a skeleton smeared with flesh & blood,
connected with tendons… a fleshless skeleton smeared with blood,
connected with tendons… a skeleton without flesh or blood, connected
with tendons… bones detached from their tendons, scattered in all
directions — here a hand bone, there a foot bone, here a shin bone,
there a thigh bone, here a hip bone, there a back bone, here a rib,
there a breast bone, here a shoulder bone, there a neck bone, here a jaw
bone, there a tooth, here a skull… the bones whitened, somewhat like
the color of shells… piled up, more than a year old… decomposed into a
powder: He applies it to this very body, ‘This body, too: Such is its
nature, such is its future, such its unavoidable fate.’
“In this
way he remains focused internally on the body in & of itself, or
externally on the body in & of itself, or both internally &
externally on the body in & of itself. Or he remains focused on the
phenomenon of origination with regard to the body, on the phenomenon of
passing away with regard to the body, or on the phenomenon of
origination & passing away with regard to the body. Or his
mindfulness that ‘There is a body’ is maintained to the extent of
knowledge & remembrance. And he remains independent, unsustained by
(not clinging to) anything in the world. This is how a monk remains
focused on the body in & of itself.
(B. Feelings)
“And
how does a monk remain focused on feelings in & of themselves?
There is the case where a monk, when feeling a painful feeling,
discerns, ‘I am feeling a painful feeling.’ When feeling a pleasant
feeling, he discerns, ‘I am feeling a pleasant feeling.’ When feeling a
neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling, he discerns, ‘I am feeling a
neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling.’
“When feeling a painful
feeling of the flesh, he discerns, ‘I am feeling a painful feeling of
the flesh.’ When feeling a painful feeling not of the flesh, he
discerns, ‘I am feeling a painful feeling not of the flesh.’ When
feeling a pleasant feeling of the flesh, he discerns, ‘I am feeling a
pleasant feeling of the flesh.’ When feeling a pleasant feeling not of
the flesh, he discerns, ‘I am feeling a pleasant feeling not of the
flesh.’ When feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling of the
flesh, he discerns, ‘I am feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling
of the flesh.’ When feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling not
of the flesh, he discerns, ‘I am feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant
feeling not of the flesh.’
“In this way he remains focused
internally on feelings in & of themselves, or externally on feelings
in & of themselves, or both internally & externally on feelings
in & of themselves. Or he remains focused on the phenomenon of
origination with regard to feelings, on the phenomenon of passing away
with regard to feelings, or on the phenomenon of origination &
passing away with regard to feelings. Or his mindfulness that ‘There are
feelings’ is maintained to the extent of knowledge & remembrance.
And he remains independent, unsustained by (not clinging to) anything in
the world. This is how a monk remains focused on feelings in & of
themselves.
(C. Mind)
“And how does a monk remain focused
on the mind in & of itself? There is the case where a monk, when the
mind has passion, discerns that the mind has passion. When the mind is
without passion, he discerns that the mind is without passion. When the
mind has aversion, he discerns that the mind has aversion. When the mind
is without aversion, he discerns that the mind is without aversion.
When the mind has delusion, he discerns that the mind has delusion. When
the mind is without delusion, he discerns that the mind is without
delusion.
“When the mind is restricted, he discerns that the mind
is restricted. When the mind is scattered, he discerns that the mind is
scattered. When the mind is enlarged, he discerns that the mind is
enlarged. When the mind is not enlarged, he discerns that the mind is
not enlarged. When the mind is surpassed, he discerns that the mind is
surpassed. When the mind is unsurpassed, he discerns that the mind is
unsurpassed. When the mind is concentrated, he discerns that the mind is
concentrated. When the mind is not concentrated, he discerns that the
mind is not concentrated. When the mind is released, he discerns that
the mind is released. When the mind is not released, he discerns that
the mind is not released.
“In this way he remains focused
internally on the mind in & of itself, or externally on the mind in
& of itself, or both internally & externally on the mind in
& of itself. Or he remains focused on the phenomenon of origination
with regard to the mind, on the phenomenon of passing away with regard
to the mind, or on the phenomenon of origination & passing away with
regard to the mind. Or his mindfulness that ‘There is a mind’ is
maintained to the extent of knowledge & remembrance. And he remains
independent, unsustained by (not clinging to) anything in the world.
This is how a monk remains focused on the mind in & of itself.
(D. Mental Qualities)
“And how does a monk remain focused on mental qualities in & of themselves?
[1] “There is the case where a monk remains focused on mental qualities
in & of themselves with reference to the five hindrances. And how
does a monk remain focused on mental qualities in & of themselves
with reference to the five hindrances? There is the case where, there
being sensual desire present within, a monk discerns that ‘There is
sensual desire present within me.’ Or, there being no sensual desire
present within, he discerns that ‘There is no sensual desire present
within me.’ He discerns how there is the arising of unarisen sensual
desire. And he discerns how there is the abandoning of sensual desire
once it has arisen. And he discerns how there is no future arising of
sensual desire that has been abandoned. (The same formula is repeated
for the remaining hindrances: ill will, sloth & drowsiness,
restlessness & anxiety, and uncertainty.)
“In this way he
remains focused internally on mental qualities in & of themselves,
or externally on mental qualities in & of themselves, or both
internally & externally on mental qualities in & of themselves.
Or he remains focused on the phenomenon of origination with regard to
mental qualities, on the phenomenon of passing away with regard to
mental qualities, or on the phenomenon of origination & passing away
with regard to mental qualities. Or his mindfulness that ‘There are
mental qualities’ is maintained to the extent of knowledge &
remembrance. And he remains independent, unsustained by (not clinging
to) anything in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on mental
qualities in & of themselves with reference to the five hindrances.
[2] “Furthermore, the monk remains focused on mental qualities in &
of themselves with reference to the five clinging-aggregates. And how
does he remain focused on mental qualities in & of themselves with
reference to the five clinging-aggregates? There is the case where a
monk [discerns]: ‘Such is form, such its origination, such its
disappearance. Such is feeling… Such is perception… Such are
fabrications… Such is consciousness, such its origination, such its
disappearance.’
“In this way he remains focused internally on the
mental qualities in & of themselves, or focused externally…
unsustained by anything in the world. This is how a monk remains focused
on mental qualities in & of themselves with reference to the five
clinging-aggregates.
[3] “Furthermore, the monk remains focused
on mental qualities in & of themselves with reference to the sixfold
internal & external sense media. And how does he remain focused on
mental qualities in & of themselves with reference to the sixfold
internal & external sense media? There is the case where he discerns
the eye, he discerns forms, he discerns the fetter that arises
dependent on both. He discerns how there is the arising of an unarisen
fetter. And he discerns how there is the abandoning of a fetter once it
has arisen. And he discerns how there is no future arising of a fetter
that has been abandoned. (The same formula is repeated for the remaining
sense media: ear, nose, tongue, body, & intellect.)
“In this
way he remains focused internally on the mental qualities in & of
themselves, or focused externally… unsustained by anything in the world.
This is how a monk remains focused on mental qualities in & of
themselves with reference to the sixfold internal & external sense
media.
[4] “Furthermore, the monk remains focused on mental
qualities in & of themselves with reference to the seven factors for
Awakening. And how does he remain focused on mental qualities in &
of themselves with reference to the seven factors for Awakening? There
is the case where, there being mindfulness as a factor for Awakening
present within, he discerns that ‘Mindfulness as a factor for Awakening
is present within me.’ Or, there being no mindfulness as a factor for
Awakening present within, he discerns that ‘Mindfulness as a factor for
Awakening is not present within me.’ He discerns how there is the
arising of unarisen mindfulness as a factor for Awakening. And he
discerns how there is the culmination of the development of mindfulness
as a factor for Awakening once it has arisen. (The same formula is
repeated for the remaining factors for Awakening: analysis of qualities,
persistence, rapture, serenity, concentration, & equanimity.)
“In this way he remains focused internally on mental qualities in &
of themselves, or externally… unsustained by (not clinging to) anything
in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on mental qualities in
& of themselves with reference to the seven factors for Awakening.
[5] “Furthermore, the monk remains focused on mental qualities in &
of themselves with reference to the four noble truths. And how does he
remain focused on mental qualities in & of themselves with reference
to the four noble truths? There is the case where he discerns, as it
has come to be, that ‘This is stress… This is the origination of stress…
This is the cessation of stress… This is the way leading to the
cessation of stress.’
[a] “Now what is the noble truth of stress?
Birth is stressful, aging is stressful, death is stressful; sorrow,
lamentation, pain, distress, & despair are stressful; association
with the unbeloved is stressful; separation from the loved is stressful;
not getting what one wants is stressful. In short, the five
clinging-aggregates are stressful.
“And what is birth? Whatever
birth, taking birth, descent, coming-to-be, coming-forth, appearance of
aggregates, & acquisition of [sense] spheres of the various beings
in this or that group of beings, that is called birth.
“And what
is aging? Whatever aging, decrepitude, brokenness, graying, wrinkling,
decline of life-force, weakening of the faculties of the various beings
in this or that group of beings, that is called aging.
“And what
is death? Whatever deceasing, passing away, breaking up, disappearance,
dying, death, completion of time, break up of the aggregates, casting
off of the body, interruption in the life faculty of the various beings
in this or that group of beings, that is called death.
“And what
is sorrow? Whatever sorrow, sorrowing, sadness, inward sorrow, inward
sadness of anyone suffering from misfortune, touched by a painful thing,
that is called sorrow.
“And what is lamentation? Whatever
crying, grieving, lamenting, weeping, wailing, lamentation of anyone
suffering from misfortune, touched by a painful thing, that is called
lamentation.
“And what is pain? Whatever is experienced as bodily
pain, bodily discomfort, pain or discomfort born of bodily contact,
that is called pain.
“And what is distress? Whatever is
experienced as mental pain, mental discomfort, pain or discomfort born
of mental contact, that is called distress.
“And what is despair?
Whatever despair, despondency, desperation of anyone suffering from
misfortune, touched by a painful thing, that is called despair.
“And what is the stress of association with the unbeloved? There is the
case where undesirable, unpleasing, unattractive sights, sounds, aromas,
flavors, or tactile sensations occur to one; or one has connection,
contact, relationship, interaction with those who wish one ill, who wish
for one’s harm, who wish for one’s discomfort, who wish one no security
from the yoke. This is called the stress of association with the
unbeloved.
“And what is the stress of separation from the loved?
There is the case where desirable, pleasing, attractive sights, sounds,
aromas, flavors, or tactile sensations do not occur to one; or one has
no connection, no contact, no relationship, no interaction with those
who wish one well, who wish for one’s benefit, who wish for one’s
comfort, who wish one security from the yoke, nor with one’s mother,
father, brother, sister, friends, companions, or relatives. This is
called the stress of separation from the loved.
“And what is the
stress of not getting what one wants? In beings subject to birth, the
wish arises, ‘O, may we not be subject to birth, and may birth not come
to us.’ But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the stress of
not getting what one wants. In beings subject to aging… illness… death…
sorrow, lamentation, pain, distress, & despair, the wish arises,
‘O, may we not be subject to aging… illness… death… sorrow, lamentation,
pain, distress, & despair, and may aging… illness… death… sorrow,
lamentation, pain, distress, & despair not come to us.’ But this is
not to be achieved by wishing. This is the stress of not getting what
one wants.
“And what are the five clinging-aggregates that, in
short, are stress? Form as a clinging-aggregate, feeling as a
clinging-aggregate, perception as a clinging-aggregate, fabrications as a
clinging-aggregate, consciousness as a clinging-aggregate: These are
called the five clinging-aggregates that, in short, are stress.
“This is called the noble truth of stress.
[b] “And what is the noble truth of the origination of stress? The
craving that makes for further becoming — accompanied by passion &
delight, relishing now here & now there — i.e., craving for
sensuality, craving for becoming, craving for non-becoming.
“And
where does this craving, when arising, arise? And where, when dwelling,
does it dwell? Whatever seems endearing and agreeable in terms of the
world: that is where this craving, when arising, arises. That is where,
when dwelling, it dwells.
“And what seems endearing and agreeable
in terms of the world? The eye seems endearing and agreeable in terms
of the world. That is where this craving, when arising, arises. That is
where, when dwelling, it dwells.
“The ear… The nose… The tongue… The body… The intellect…
“Forms… Sounds… Smells… Tastes… Tactile sensations… Ideas…
“Eye-consciousness… Ear-consciousness… Nose-consciousness… Tongue-consciousness… Body-consciousness… Intellect-consciousness…
“Eye-contact… Ear-contact… Nose-contact… Tongue-contact… Body-contact… Intellect-contact…
“Feeling born of eye-contact… Feeling born of ear-contact… Feeling born
of nose-contact… Feeling born of tongue-contact… Feeling born of
body-contact… Feeling born of intellect-contact…
“Perception of
forms… Perception of sounds… Perception of smells… Perception of tastes…
Perception of tactile sensations… Perception of ideas…
“Intention for forms… Intention for sounds… Intention for smells…
Intention for tastes… Intention for tactile sensations… Intention for
ideas…
“Craving for forms… Craving for sounds… Craving for
smells… Craving for tastes… Craving for tactile sensations… Craving for
ideas…
“Thought directed at forms… Thought directed at sounds…
Thought directed at smells… Thought directed at tastes… Thought directed
at tactile sensations… Thought directed at ideas…
“Evaluation of
forms… Evaluation of sounds… Evaluation of smells… Evaluation of
tastes… Evaluation of tactile sensations… Evaluation of ideas seems
endearing and agreeable in terms of the world. That is where this
craving, when arising, arises. That is where, when dwelling, it dwells.
“This is called the noble truth of the origination of stress.
[c] “And what is the noble truth of the cessation of stress? The
remainderless fading & cessation, renunciation, relinquishment,
release, & letting go of that very craving.
“And where, when
being abandoned, is this craving abandoned? And where, when ceasing,
does it cease? Whatever seems endearing and agreeable in terms of the
world: that is where, when being abandoned, this craving is abandoned.
That is where, when ceasing, it ceases.
“And what seems endearing
and agreeable in terms of the world? The eye seems endearing and
agreeable in terms of the world. That is where, when being abandoned,
this craving is abandoned. That is where, when ceasing, it ceases.
“The ear… The nose… The tongue… The body… The intellect…
“Forms… Sounds… Smells… Tastes… Tactile sensations… Ideas…
“Eye-consciousness… Ear-consciousness… Nose-consciousness… Tongue-consciousness… Body-consciousness… Intellect-consciousness…
“Eye-contact… Ear-contact… Nose-contact… Tongue-contact… Body-contact… Intellect-contact…
“Feeling born of eye-contact… Feeling born of ear-contact… Feeling born
of nose-contact… Feeling born of tongue-contact… Feeling born of
body-contact… Feeling born of intellect-contact…
“Perception of
forms… Perception of sounds… Perception of smells… Perception of tastes…
Perception of tactile sensations… Perception of ideas…
“Intention for forms… Intention for sounds… Intention for smells…
Intention for tastes… Intention for tactile sensations… Intention for
ideas…
“Craving for forms… Craving for sounds… Craving for
smells… Craving for tastes… Craving for tactile sensations… Craving for
ideas…
“Thought directed at forms… Thought directed at sounds…
Thought directed at smells… Thought directed at tastes… Thought directed
at tactile sensations… Thought directed at ideas…
“Evaluation of
forms… Evaluation of sounds… Evaluation of smells… Evaluation of
tastes… Evaluation of tactile sensations… Evaluation of ideas seems
endearing and agreeable in terms of the world. That is where, when being
abandoned, this craving is abandoned. That is where, when ceasing, it
ceases.
“This is called the noble truth of the cessation of stress.
[d] “And what is the noble truth of the path of practice leading to the
cessation of stress? Just this very noble eightfold path: right view,
right resolve, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right
effort, right mindfulness, right concentration.
“And what is
right view? Knowledge with regard to stress, knowledge with regard to
the origination of stress, knowledge with regard to the cessation of
stress, knowledge with regard to the way of practice leading to the
cessation of stress: This is called right view.
“And what is right resolve? Aspiring to renunciation, to freedom from ill will, to harmlessness: This is called right resolve.
“And what is right speech? Abstaining from lying, from divisive speech,
from abusive speech, & from idle chatter: This is called right
speech.
“And what is right action? Abstaining from taking life, from stealing, & from illicit sex. This is called right action.
“And what is right livelihood? There is the case where a disciple of
the noble ones, having abandoned dishonest livelihood, keeps his life
going with right livelihood: This is called right livelihood.
“And what is right effort? There is the case where a monk generates
desire, endeavors, arouses persistence, upholds & exerts his intent
for the sake of the non-arising of evil, unskillful qualities that have
not yet arisen… for the sake of the abandoning of evil, unskillful
qualities that have arisen… for the sake of the arising of skillful
qualities that have not yet arisen… (and) for the maintenance,
non-confusion, increase, plenitude, development, & culmination of
skillful qualities that have arisen: This is called right effort.
“And what is right mindfulness? There is the case where a monk remains
focused on the body in & of itself — ardent, alert, & mindful —
putting aside greed & distress with reference to the world. He
remains focused on feelings in & of themselves… the mind in & of
itself… mental qualities in & of themselves — ardent, alert, &
mindful — putting aside greed & distress with reference to the
world. This is called right mindfulness.
“And what is right
concentration? There is the case where a monk — quite withdrawn from
sensuality, withdrawn from unskillful (mental) qualities — enters &
remains in the first jhana: rapture & pleasure born from withdrawal,
accompanied by directed thought & evaluation. With the stilling of
directed thoughts & evaluations, he enters & remains in the
second jhana: rapture & pleasure born of composure, unification of
awareness free from directed thought & evaluation — internal
assurance. With the fading of rapture, he remains equanimous, mindful,
& alert, and senses pleasure with the body. He enters & remains
in the third jhana, of which the Noble Ones declare, ‘Equanimous &
mindful, he has a pleasant abiding.’ With the abandoning of pleasure
& pain — as with the earlier disappearance of elation & distress
— he enters & remains in the fourth jhana: purity of equanimity
& mindfulness, neither pleasure nor pain. This is called right
concentration.
“This is called the noble truth of the path of practice leading to the cessation of stress.
“In this way he remains focused internally on mental qualities in &
of themselves, or externally on mental qualities in & of
themselves, or both internally & externally on mental qualities in
& of themselves. Or he remains focused on the phenomenon of
origination with regard to mental qualities, on the phenomenon of
passing away with regard to mental qualities, or on the phenomenon of
origination & passing away with regard to mental qualities. Or his
mindfulness that ‘There are mental qualities’ is maintained to the
extent of knowledge & remembrance. And he remains independent,
unsustained by (not clinging to) anything in the world. This is how a
monk remains focused on mental qualities in & of themselves with
reference to the four noble truths…
(E. Conclusion)
“Now,
if anyone would develop these four frames of reference in this way for
seven years, one of two fruits can be expected for him: either gnosis
right here & now, or — if there be any remnant of
clinging-sustenance — non-return.
“Let alone seven years. If
anyone would develop these four frames of reference in this way for six
years… five… four… three… two years… one year… seven months… six months…
five… four… three… two months… one month… half a month, one of two
fruits can be expected for him: either gnosis right here & now, or —
if there be any remnant of clinging-sustenance — non-return.
https://tricycle.org/triked…/satipatthana-sutta-mindfulness/
The Buddha’s Original Teachings on Mindfulness
The Satipatthana Sutta, from the Pali Canon, outlines some of the
Buddha’s first instructions in establishing mindful awareness.
Translation and introduction by Thanissaro Bhikkhu
MAR 05, 2018
The Buddha’s Original Teachings on Mindfulness
The Ellora caves in Aurangabad, India.
Mindfulness means the ability to keep something in mind. On the
Buddhist path, it functions in three ways: remembering to stay alert to
what you’re doing in the present moment; remembering to recognize the
skillful and unskillful qualities that arise in the mind; and
remembering how to effectively abandon the qualities that get in the way
of concentration, then developing the skillful ones that promote it.
The Satipatthana Sutta—The Establishing of Mindfulness Discourse—gives
detailed instructions in the first two of these functions. It starts
with the basic formula for establishing mindfulness, describing four
frames of reference for anchoring mindfulness in the present moment.
Then it asks and answers questions that focus solely on the beginning
part of the formula: how to remain focused on each frame in and of
itself.
To give you a sense of how the Buddha would recommend
getting started in mindfulness for the sake of true happiness, here is
the entire translated discourse.
The Establishing of Mindfulness Discourse
SATIPATTHANA SUTTA (MAJJHIMA NIKAYA [MN] 10)
I have heard that on one occasion the Blessed One was staying in the
Kuru country. Now there is a town of the Kurus called Kammasadhamma.
There the Blessed One [the Buddha] addressed the monks, “Monks.”
“Lord,” the monks responded to him.
The Blessed One said: “This is the direct path for the purification of
beings, for the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, for the
disappearance of pain and distress, for the attainment of the right
method, and for the realization of unbinding—in other words, the four
establishings of mindfulness. Which four?
[Unbinding: Pali
nibbana (Skt. nirvana) is the goal of practice. In everyday Pali,
nibbana referred to the extinguishing of a fire. In the physics of the
Buddha’s time, this did not mean that the fire went out of existence.
Instead, while the fire was burning, it was seen to be in a state of
agitation because it clung to its fuel and, as a result, was trapped
there. When it let go of its fuel, it was freed and reached a state of
calm. The implication of the image is that you are trapped by your
experiences because you hold onto them—they don’t hold onto you—and you
can reach freedom by letting go.]
“There is the case where a monk
remains focused on the body in and of itself—ardent, alert, and
mindful—subduing greed and distress with reference to the world. He
remains focused on feelings . . . mind . . . mental qualities in and of
themselves—ardent, alert, and mindful—subduing greed and distress with
reference to the world.
[“In and of itself” here means that you
stay focused on the experience of the body, etc., on its own terms,
without reference to how it might function in the external world or in
the worlds of your imagination.
According to the Buddha, to be
ardent means to wipe out unskillful thoughts as soon as they arise,
giving rise to skillful ones in their place.]
BODY
“And how does a monk remain focused on the body in and of itself?
“There is the case where a monk—having gone to the wilderness, to the
shade of a tree, or to an empty building—sits down folding his legs
crosswise, holding his body erect and setting mindfulness to the fore.
Always mindful, he breathes in; mindful he breathes out.
“Breathing in long, he discerns, ‘I am breathing in long’; or breathing
out long, he discerns, ‘I am breathing out long.’ Or breathing in short,
he discerns, ‘I am breathing in short’; or breathing out short, he
discerns, ‘I am breathing out short.’ He trains himself, ‘I will breathe
in sensitive to the entire body’; he trains himself, ‘I will breathe
out sensitive to the entire body.’ He trains himself, ‘I will breathe in
calming bodily fabrication’ [in other words, the in-and-out breath]; he
trains himself, ‘I will breathe out calming bodily fabrication.’ Just
as a dexterous turner or his apprentice, when making a long turn,
discerns, ‘I am making a long turn,’ or when making a short turn
discerns, ‘I am making a short turn’; in the same way the monk, when
breathing in long, discerns, ‘I am breathing in long’; or breathing out
long, he discerns, ‘I am breathing out long.’ . . . He trains himself,
‘I will breathe in calming bodily fabrication’; he trains himself, ‘I
will breathe out calming bodily fabrication.’
“In this way he
remains focused internally on the body in and of itself, or externally
on the body in and of itself, or both internally and externally on the
body in and of itself. Or he remains focused on the phenomenon of
origination [Pali samudaya, referring not to the simple arising of
something, but to the processes that cause it to arise] with regard to
the body, on the phenomenon of passing away with regard to the body, or
on the phenomenon of origination and passing away with regard to the
body. Or his mindfulness that ‘There is a body’ is maintained to the
extent of knowledge and remembrance. And he remains independent,
unsustained by [not clinging to] anything in the world. This is how a
monk remains focused on the body in and of itself.
“And further,
when walking, the monk discerns, ‘I am walking.’ When standing, he
discerns, ‘I am standing.’ When sitting, he discerns, ‘I am sitting.’
When lying down, he discerns, ‘I am lying down.’ Or however his body is
disposed, that is how he discerns it.
“In this way he remains
focused internally on the body in and of itself . . . This is how a monk
remains focused on the body in and of itself.
“And further, when
going forward and returning, he makes himself fully alert; when looking
toward and looking away . . . when flexing and extending his limbs…
when carrying his outer cloak, his upper robe, and his bowl . . . when
eating, drinking, chewing, and savoring . . . when urinating and
defecating . . . when walking, standing, sitting, falling asleep, waking
up, talking, and remaining silent, he makes himself fully alert.
“In this way he remains focused internally on the body in and of itself
. . . This is how a monk remains focused on the body in and of itself.
“And further . . . just as if a sack with openings at both ends were
full of various kinds of grain—wheat, rice, mung beans, kidney beans,
sesame seeds, husked rice—and a man with good eyesight, pouring it out,
were to reflect, ‘This is wheat. This is rice. These are mung beans.
These are kidney beans. These are sesame seeds. This is husked rice,’ in
the same way, the monk reflects on this very body from the soles of the
feet on up, from the crown of the head on down, surrounded by skin and
full of various kinds of unclean things: ‘In this body there are head
hairs, body hairs, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, tendons, bones, bone
marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura, spleen, lungs, large intestines,
small intestines, gorge, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat,
tears, skin-oil, saliva, mucus, fluid in the joints, urine.’
“In
this way he remains focused internally on the body in and of itself . . .
This is how a monk remains focused on the body in and of itself.
“And further . . . just as a dexterous butcher or his apprentice,
having killed a cow, would sit at a crossroads cutting it up into
pieces, the monk reflects on this very body—however it stands, however
it is disposed—in terms of properties: ‘In this body there is the earth
property, the liquid property, the fire property, and the wind
property.’
“In this way he remains focused internally on the body
in and of itself . . . This is how a monk remains focused on the body
in and of itself.
“And further, as if he were to see a corpse
cast away in a charnel ground—one day, two days, three days
dead—bloated, livid, and festering, he applies it to this very body,
‘This body, too: Such is its nature, such is its future, such its
unavoidable fate.’
“In this way he remains focused internally on
the body in and of itself . . . This is how a monk remains focused on
the body in and of itself.
“Or again, as if he were to see a
corpse cast away in a charnel ground, being chewed by crows, being
chewed by vultures, being chewed by hawks, being chewed by dogs, being
chewed by hyenas, being chewed by various other creatures . . . a
skeleton smeared with flesh and blood, connected with tendons . . . a
fleshless skeleton smeared with blood, connected with tendons . . . a
skeleton without flesh or blood, connected with tendons . . . bones
detached from their tendons, scattered in all directions—here a hand
bone, there a foot bone, here a shin bone, there a thigh bone, here a
hip bone, there a back bone, here a rib, there a chest bone, here a
shoulder bone, there a neck bone, here a jaw bone, there a tooth, here a
skull . . . the bones whitened, somewhat like the color of shells . . .
the bones piled up, more than a year old . . . the bones decomposed
into a powder: He applies it to this very body, ‘This body, too: Such is
its nature, such is its future, such its unavoidable fate.’
“In
this way he remains focused internally on the body in and of itself, or
externally on the body in and of itself, or both internally and
externally on the body in and of itself. Or he remains focused on the
phenomenon of origination with regard to the body, on the phenomenon of
passing away with regard to the body, or on the phenomenon of
origination and passing away with regard to the body. Or his mindfulness
that ‘There is a body’ is maintained to the extent of knowledge and
remembrance. And he remains independent, unsustained by [not clinging
to] anything in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on the
body in and of itself.
FEELINGS
“And how does a monk
remain focused on feelings in and of themselves? There is the case where
a monk, when feeling a painful feeling, discerns, ‘I am feeling a
painful feeling.’ When feeling a pleasant feeling, he discerns, ‘I am
feeling a pleasant feeling.’ When feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant
feeling, he discerns, ‘I am feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant
feeling.’
“When feeling a painful feeling of the flesh, he
discerns, ‘I am feeling a painful feeling of the flesh.’ When feeling a
painful feeling not of the flesh, he discerns, ‘I am feeling a painful
feeling not of the flesh.’ When feeling a pleasant feeling of the flesh,
he discerns, ‘I am feeling a pleasant feeling of the flesh.’ When
feeling a pleasant feeling not of the flesh, he discerns, ‘I am feeling a
pleasant feeling not of the flesh.’ When feeling a
neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling of the flesh, he discerns, ‘I am
feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling of the flesh.’ When
feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling not of the flesh, he
discerns, ‘I am feeling a neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling not of
the flesh.’
[Feelings of the flesh are the simple pains,
pleasures, etc., that arise willy-nilly at the senses including the mind
as the sixth sense. Feelings not of the flesh are those that you
deliberately bring into being with regard to the practice. A pain not of
the flesh would be the pain that comes from the thought that you still
have further to go in practice and have not yet reached your goal. A
pleasure not of the flesh would be the pleasure that comes from getting
the mind into a solid state of concentration, called jhana. The Buddha
recommends developing both these sorts of feelings—the pain, as a way of
motivating yourself to practice more seriously; the pleasure, as a way
of giving the mind nourishment and shelter along the path.]
“In
this way he remains focused internally on feelings in and of themselves,
or externally on feelings in and of themselves, or both internally and
externally on feelings in and of themselves. Or he remains focused on
the phenomenon of origination with regard to feelings, on the phenomenon
of passing away with regard to feelings, or on the phenomenon of
origination and passing away with regard to feelings. Or his mindfulness
that ‘There are feelings’ is maintained to the extent of knowledge and
remembrance. And he remains independent, unsustained by [not clinging
to] anything in the world. This is how a monk remains focused on
feelings in and of themselves.
MIND
“And how does a monk
remain focused on the mind in and of itself? There is the case where a
monk, when the mind has passion, discerns, ‘The mind has passion.’ When
the mind is without passion, he discerns, ‘The mind is without passion.’
When the mind has aversion, he discerns, ‘The mind has aversion.’ When
the mind is without aversion, he discerns, ‘The mind is without
aversion.’ When the mind has delusion, he discerns, ‘The mind has
delusion.’ When the mind is without delusion, he discerns, ‘The mind is
without delusion.’
“When the mind is constricted, he discerns,
‘The mind is constricted [sluggish].’ When the mind is scattered, he
discerns, ‘The mind is scattered.’ When the mind is enlarged, he
discerns, ‘The mind is enlarged. When the mind is not enlarged, he
discerns that the mind is not enlarged. When the mind is surpassed, he
discerns, ‘The mind is surpassed.’ When the mind is unsurpassed, he
discerns, ‘The mind is unsurpassed.’ When the mind is concentrated, he
discerns, ‘The mind is concentrated.’ When the mind is not concentrated,
he discerns, ‘The mind is not concentrated.’ When the mind is released,
he discerns, ‘The mind is released.’ When the mind is not released, he
discerns, ‘The mind is not released.’
“In this way he remains
focused internally on the mind in and of itself, or externally on the
mind in and of itself, or both internally and externally on the mind in
and of itself. Or he remains focused on the phenomenon of origination
with regard to the mind, on the phenomenon of passing away with regard
to the mind, or on the phenomenon of origination and passing away with
regard to the mind. Or his mindfulness that ‘There is a mind’ is
maintained to the extent of knowledge and remembrance. And he remains
independent, unsustained by [not clinging to] anything in the world.
This is how a monk remains focused on the mind in and of itself.
MENTAL QUALITIES
“And how does a monk remain focused on mental qualities in and of themselves?
“There is the case where a monk remains focused on mental qualities in
and of themselves with reference to the five hindrances. And how does a
monk remain focused on mental qualities in and of themselves with
reference to the five hindrances? There is the case where, there being
sensual desire present within, a monk discerns, ‘There is sensual desire
present within me.’ Or, there being no sensual desire present within,
he discerns, ‘There is no sensual desire present within me.’ He discerns
how there is the arising of unarisen sensual desire. And he discerns
how there is the abandoning of sensual desire once it has arisen. And he
discerns how there is no further appearance in the future of sensual
desire that has been abandoned. [The same formula is repeated for the
remaining hindrances: ill will, sloth and drowsiness, restlessness and
anxiety, and uncertainty.]
“In this way he remains focused
internally on mental qualities in and of themselves . . . This is how a
monk remains focused on mental qualities in and of themselves with
reference to the five hindrances.
“And further, the monk remains
focused on mental qualities in and of themselves with reference to the
five clinging-aggregates. And how does a monk remain focused on mental
qualities in and of themselves with reference to the five
clinging-aggregates? There is the case where a monk [discerns]: ‘Such is
form, such its origination, such its disappearance. Such is feeling . .
. Such is perception . . . Such are fabrications . . . Such is
consciousness, such its origination, such its disappearance.’
“In
this way he remains focused internally on mental qualities in and of
themselves . . . This is how a monk remains focused on mental qualities
in and of themselves with reference to the five clinging-aggregates.
“And further, the monk remains focused on mental qualities in and of
themselves with reference to the sixfold internal and external sense
media. And how does a monk remain focused on mental qualities in and of
themselves with reference to the sixfold internal and external sense
media? There is the case where he discerns the eye, he discerns forms,
he discerns the fetter that arises dependent on both. He discerns how
there is the arising of an unarisen fetter. And he discerns how there is
the abandoning of a fetter once it has arisen. And he discerns how
there is no further appearance in the future of a fetter that has been
abandoned. [The same formula is repeated for the remaining sense media:
ear, nose, tongue, body, and intellect.]
“In this way he remains
focused internally on mental qualities in and of themselves . . . This
is how a monk remains focused on mental qualities in and of themselves
with reference to the sixfold internal and external sense media.
“And further, the monk remains focused on mental qualities in and of
themselves with reference to the seven factors for awakening. And how
does a monk remain focused on mental qualities in and of themselves with
reference to the seven factors for awakening? There is the case where,
there being mindfulness as a factor for awakening present within, he
discerns, ‘Mindfulness as a factor for awakening is present within me.’
Or, there being no mindfulness as a factor for awakening present within,
he discerns, ‘Mindfulness as a factor for awakening is not present
within me.’ He discerns how there is the arising of unarisen mindfulness
as a factor for awakening. And he discerns how there is the culmination
of the development of mindfulness as a factor for awakening once it has
arisen. [The same formula is repeated for the remaining factors for
awakening: analysis of qualities, persistence, rapture, calm,
concentration, and equanimity.]
“In this way he remains focused
internally on mental qualities in and of themselves . . . This is how a
monk remains focused on mental qualities in and of themselves with
reference to the seven factors for awakening.
“And further, the
monk remains focused on mental qualities in and of themselves with
reference to the four noble truths. And how does a monk remain focused
on mental qualities in and of themselves with reference to the four
noble truths? There is the case where he discerns, as it has come to be,
that ‘This is stress . . .This is the origination of stress . . . This
is the cessation of stress . . . This is the way leading to the
cessation of stress.’
“In this way he remains focused internally
on mental qualities in and of themselves, or externally on mental
qualities in and of themselves, or both internally and externally on
mental qualities in and of themselves. Or he remains focused on the
phenomenon of origination with regard to mental qualities, on the
phenomenon of passing away with regard to mental qualities, or on the
phenomenon of origination and passing away with regard to mental
qualities. Or his mindfulness that ‘There are mental qualities’ is
maintained to the extent of knowledge and remembrance. And he remains
independent, unsustained by [not clinging to] anything in the world.
This is how a monk remains focused on mental qualities in and of
themselves with reference to the four noble truths.
CONCLUSION
“Now, if anyone would develop these four establishings of mindfulness
in this way for seven years, one of two fruits can be expected for him:
either gnosis [full awakening] right here and now, or—if there be any
remnant of clinging-sustenance—non-return. [There are four levels of
awakening. Non-return—in which you are not destined to be born again in
the human world, and will reach unbinding in one of the higher
heavens—is the third of the four.]
“Let alone seven years. If
anyone would develop these four establishings of mindfulness in this way
for six years . . . five . . . four . . . three . . . two years . . .
one year . . . seven months . . . six months . . . five . . . four . . .
three . . . two months . . . one month . . . half a month, one of two
fruits can be expected for him: either gnosis right here and now, or—if
there be any remnant of clinging-sustenance—non-return.
“Let
alone half a month. If anyone would develop these four establishings of
mindfulness in this way for seven days, one of two fruits can be
expected for him: either gnosis right here and now, or—if there be any
remnant of clinging-sustenance—non-return.
“‘This is the direct
path for the purification of beings, for the overcoming of sorrow and
lamentation, for the disappearance of pain and distress, for the
attainment of the right method, and for the realization of unbinding—in
other words, the four establishings of mindfulness.’ Thus was it said,
and in reference to this was it said.”
That is what the Blessed One said. Gratified, the monks delighted in the Blessed One’s words.
⧫
For more on mindfulness practice, see suttas MN 2, MN 101, MN 118;
Samyutta Nikaya [SN] 16:2; or Anguttara Nikaya [AN] 4:245, and AN
8:70—all available at dhammatalks.org. Thanissaro Bhikkhu has also written two books on the topic: The Karma of Mindfulness and Right Mindfulness.
Temple
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I’m looking for an accurate translation of “Satipatthana Sutta”. Could
someone let me know what is the best available accurate translation? I
don’t want to be confused by just reading all available versions. Thank
you
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Nov 3 ‘15 at 16:08
nish1013
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Nov 3 ‘15 at 16:10
Lanka♦
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you asked for one most accurate translation, here, now you have ten most accurate translations! 
;) – Andrei Volkov♦ Nov 3 ‘15 at 17:20
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In my opinion, one of the best translations is the one in Analayo Bhikhu’s “Satipatthana: The Direct Path to Realization”.
see https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/…/direct-path.pdf or
https://ahandfulofleaves.files.wordpress.com/…/satipatthana…
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Nov 3 ‘15 at 16:13
Andrei Volkov♦
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There is also the book “The Way of Mindfulness - The Satipatthana Sutta
and Its Commentary” by Soma Thera. Highly recommended book.
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Lanka edited
Nov 3 ‘15 at 16:27
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3
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If you are looking to most accurate and reliable the best translations are by Piya Tan:
Mahasatipatthana
Mahasatipatthana Trilinear Edition
An Introduction to the Satipatthana Suttas
Satipatthana Mula by Ven. Sujato Edited By Piya Tan
After which the next best is from VRI:
Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta
Discourses on Satipatthana Sutta - which carries a more detail explanation and companion the the above.
This slants towards the interpretations of certain Pali phases as done
by Ven. Ledi Sawadaw, Ven. Webu Sayadaw and U Ba Kin. Piya Tan’s
translation is more balanced.
Ven Analayo’s books are also very
good but in my opinion not as a 1st read or for a novice as it misses
out on certain angles and detailed explanation in certain
interpretations. (Much of this is best covered in Piya Tan’s
translations in a more balanced manner.) You can try this after reading
the above two as some of the omissions will not effect your
understanding.
Ven. Soma Thera translation covers only the angle
of interpreting the Suttas in the light of the Commentaries. Some of
these interpretations are abstract and cannot be put to direct practice
in certain interpretations as explained in the Discourses on
Satipatthana Sutta by the VRI. From my point of view this is the least
recommended as a meditation manual, nevertheless useful if you are doing
research into commentarial interpretation of the Sutta.
There
are other translations (mentioned in the other answers) which are from
the purely from the stand point of the commentaries, even when there
potential inconsistencies, though discussed in other works are left out
of the translations to keep them concise. If you are familiar with these
issues these would be great benefit due to the conciseness. Again only
if you are familiar with the certain phases where these issues pop up.
(E.g. when the translation say “… establish mindfulness in front …”
it does not carry the same literal meaning.)
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answered
Nov 3 ‘15 at 16:33
Suminda Sirinath S. Dharmasena
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Aug 14 ‘18 at 22:06
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The Satipatthana Sutta (MN 10) and the Mahasatipatthana Sutta (DN 22)
are essentially the same. Fortunately for you, there are two excellent
scholarly translations of these texts, the former in Nanamoli and
Bodhi’s Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha and the latter in Maurice
Walshe’s Long Discourses of the Buddha. Both are published by Wisdom
Publications and may also be available online in PDF format. The Pali
Tipitaka is also available online (www.tipitaka.org) for looking up particular words and phrases.
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LESSONS 3341 Fri 1 May 2020
29) Classical English,Roman
Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING
from
KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT!
Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice.
May all surviving 7,781,187,369 Current World Population
and COVID-19
Coronavirus Pandemic Recovered:1,000,351Last updated: April 30, 2020,
02:55 GMT out of Coronavirus Cases:3,220,225 be ever happy, well and
secure!
May all live long!
May
all be calm, quiet, alert, attentive, and have equanimity mind with a
clear understanding that everything is changing !
May
the United Nations Organization and World Health Organization with the
support of all countries create a separate Nation with all latest
automatic robots to serve the Coronavirus Cases:3,220,225 !!
Say YES to Paper Ballots
NO
to EVMs/VVPATs to save Democracy, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for
the welfare, happiness and peace for all Awakened aboriginal societies.
is the
HONEST VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (HVoAAAS)
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)
All
Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha
Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch) Awakened One
with Awareness the Buddha said that “hunger is the worst kind of
illness.
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
World Population
Government & Economics
Society & Media
Environment
Food
Water
Energy
Health
The world will be happy if the secret as to how and with what vaccine or
medicine have they been cured which has to be published.This will save
treatment cost of Rs 7.5 Lakhs in Government and Rs.15 lakhs in Private
Hospitals. All Governments and their trusts formed for COVID-19 must and
should pay the Hospital charges and provide online food and shelter for
migrantworkers by distributing the wealth of the countries equally among
all sections of the societies for their welfare, happiness and peace as a
choice is between starvation and infection and for them to attain
Eternal Bliss as Final Goal.
Fear What do Awakened One with Awareness
quotes teach us about fear?
Trade your fear for freedom.
“Even death is
not to be feared by one who has lived wisely.”
“The whole secret of
existence is to have no fear.
Never fear what will become of you, depend
on no one. Only the moment you reject all help are you freed.”
“When one
has the feeling of dislike for evil, when one feels tranquil, one finds
pleasure in listening to good teachings; when one has these feelings and
appreciates them, one is free of fear.
”Pain is a Gift
Instead of avoiding it,
Learn to embrace it.
Without pain,
there is no growth
what is gained by practicing concentration.reply is, “Nothing!”
“However ,
what is lost is
Anger,Anxiety,Depression,Insecurity,Fear of Old Age and Death.
”The
right to life, meaningless without the right to livelihood, has been
suspended by invoking the Disaster Management Act which does not empower
the kind of sweeping restrictions now in place
https://thewire.in/…/is-the-national-lockdown-in-india-cons…
National Curfew is not Constitutionally Valid.
Even if we are compelled to act beyond the four corners of our basic
law, let us not lose focus on the equally critical mandate of the
Disaster Management Act – namely, relief and rehabilitation of the
disaster affected, i.e. the poor and marginalised.
First, this
is a sequel as the constitutional scheme to address an epidemic like the
one at hand. Second, there is no reason for alarm. Even if you were to
conclude that all that is being done to protect you may not be
legitimate, the chance of a constitutional court being vexed with these
questions is as remote as you deciding upon Wuhan as your first vacation
destination post Curfew. In fact, our constitutional courts, even the
video-conference versions of them, have almost folded up in the wake of
this unimaginable national crisis.
Mila Versteeg, professor of
law at the University of Virginia, writes in The Atlantic that while the
constitutional validity of the lockdown in the United States is
doubtful, it has bipartisan support and people, scared out of their
wits, are also willing to voluntarily sacrifice their rights. This is
not a new phenomenon. Many would remember how, in the wake of the
felling of the World Trade Centre, America, the land of liberty,
voluntarily accepted the draconian Patriot Act for the sake of homeland
security. Therefore, even presuming that none of the parties in India –
the Centre, the states or the people – have any objection to the virtual
house arrest of the entire nation, should that hinder us from examining
whether such a course is constitutionally kosher?Original emergency
provisions and Indira’s misuse
Before it was amended in 1978,
Article 352 of the Indian constitution permitted the declaration of an
emergency on three grounds – war, external aggression and internal
disturbance. For mysterious reasons, the emergency imposed by Indira
Gandhi during the Bangladesh War in 1971 had not been rescinded even as
on that summer day in June 1975 when the Supreme Court vacation single
judge V.R. Krishna Iyer, heard Nani Palkhivala for a whole day in a
packed courtroom. It was a challenge by Indira Gandhi to the Allahabad
high court verdict setting aside her election and unseating her as prime
minister. Justice Iyer did not grant a blanket stay that day. He merely
allowed Mrs Gandhi to participate in the house but not vote. The
emergency that followed at midnight was invoked on the grounds of
“internal disturbance” – one of the three permissible grounds.
The constitution is silent on whether, while an emergency declaration is
already in force (with the exception of a separate kind of emergency,
namely Financial Emergency under Article 360), another can or is at all
required to be promulgated.Then came the infamous ADM Jabalpur case. As
overnight most opposition leaders were arrested, many of them
successfully secured habeas corpus release orders from various high
courts. These cases landed up before a constitution bench of the Supreme
Court. Attorney General Niren De reportedly was not keen to defend the
stand of the Indira government that during an emergency even the right
to life could be suspended. It is said that oblique hints at revocation
of the residency rights of his British wife were also instrumental in
ensuring De’s appearance in court.
He later claimed that he
tried his best to shock the judges into reason, arguing the proposition
that during an emergency even if a person were to be killed by the
security forces in the presence of the justices, they would remain
helpless. Sadly, the majority judges did not bite the bait but timidly
concurred. Justice Khanna penned his famous dissent, arguing that the
right to life was a natural law right and the remedy of habeas corpus
preceded the constitution. Therefore, the right to life and the remedy
of moving a habeas corpus petition in court for release against illegal
detention could not even be suspended during emergency. But he was the
sole voice of reason and the majority opinion prevailed.
Janata’s constitutional purge and the new legal regime
For all the brouhaha made by the court in recent times of burying ADM
Jabalpur six feet under, the Janata Party government had done that
already in 1978 through the 44th constitutional amendment. Not only did
Morarji Desai’s government substitute “internal disturbance” with
“armed rebellion” but it also clarified in Article 359 that the right to
life (Article 21) and the right against double jeopardy and self
incrimination (Article 20) could not be suspended even during an
emergency.
Under the constitution, it is during the period of
emergency that the niceties of separation of powers between the three
wings of government, as well as the division of powers between the
Centre and the states are legally permitted to be blurred. The
constitution, upon promulgation of emergency, permits the Centre not
only to give executive directions to the states but also to the
legislature in matters such as public health, law and order and police,
which are otherwise state subjects with only a limited role for the
Centre.
Even during normal times, Article 256 stipulates that the
Centre can give directions on how to implement laws made by parliament.
Article 257 states that the executive power of the states should be
exercised in a manner that does not “impede or prejudice” the executive
power of the Centre. The Centre is also permitted to issue directions to
the states towards this end. Article 355 (which the Janata Party
perhaps forgot to amend when it purged our constitution of ‘internal
disturbances’) enforces a constitutional duty on the Union to protect
the states against “external aggression’ as well as “internal
disturbances”.
While indisputably the ‘coronavirus pandemic’
would qualify as a situation of ‘internal disturbance’, it certainly
cannot be covered by any of the three existing grounds in Article 352
which would permit the Central government to declare an emergency,
suspend fundamental rights, including Article 19 which protects the
basic freedoms of citizens, and control the executive and legislative
functions of the states.
Two centuries, two statutes
Under
this constitutional framework, two laws provide the Centre and the
states the statutory basis for acting against the Coronavirus. They are
the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 (EDA) and the Disaster Management Act,
2005 (DMA). The case of the government perhaps is that these two laws
arm it with sufficient powers and there is no necessity to fall back on
the “emergency provisions” of the constitution. This warrants a closer
examination of these two laws.
The EDA is of 19th century
vintage, enacted by a colonial power with a ruthless administrative
apparatus uncontrolled by a constitution based on fundamental individual
rights. A closer look would indicate that even this law is intended to
address a situation when a “state or any part thereof is visited by, or
threatened with, an outbreak of any dangerous epidemic disease” and the
government is of the opinion that “the ordinary provisions of the law
for the time being in force are insufficient for the purpose”.
The law indeed gives wide powers to “take, or require or empower any
person to take, such measures and, by public notice, prescribe such
temporary regulations to be observed by, the public or by any person or
class of persons as it shall deem necessary to prevent the outbreak of
such disease or the spread thereof, and may determine in what manner and
by whom any expenses incurred (including compensation if any) shall be
defrayed.”
However, it does not provide that this power can be
used in violation of any existing law, much less a constitution which
was then not even in existence. Under our constitutional system, a law
born before our first Republic Day may be allowed to survive it provided
it passes the agni pariksha of the constitution. Till date, neither the
EDA nor measures taken under it have been subjected to that test. More
importantly, the Central government’s power under this law only seems to
be restricted to controlling the movement and detention of vessels at
ports.
What does the Disaster Management Act say?
The
second legislation, the DMA, is of 21st century vintage and mandates
setting up a three-tier Disaster Management Authority at the national,
state and district level to formulate a disaster plan for its level.
Section 11(3), DMA, sets out the aspects of such a plan. It is to deal
with measures to be taken in mitigation and to address preparedness and
capacity. Section 19 mandates the state authority to lay down guidelines
for providing standards of relief. Section 22(2)(h) permits the state
authority/executive committee to give directions to government
departments on actions to be taken in response to any threatening
disaster. Sections 24 and 34 empower the state executive committees and
the district authority to control or restrict the movement of vehicular
traffic or people from or within a vulnerable or affected area, and to
take any measures that may be warranted by such a situation. Also
directions can be given to government departments on taking such steps
and measures “for rescue, evacuation, providing immediate relief saving
lives.”
Section 30 replicates this model for the district level.
Section 34 empowers the district authority to “control and restrict
vehicular traffic”, as well as “recommend such measures as are
necessary.” Section 35 permits the Central government to take such
measures as (a) coordinate work between the various authorities and
government departments (b) deployment of forces and (c) other matters to
secure “effective implementation”. Section 36 creates a statutory
responsibility on all Central government departments to comply with the
directions of the national authority.
The DMA also requires all
government departments to formulate their own disaster management plans.
Section 47, DMA, empowers the Central government to constitute a
National Disaster Mitigation Fund. Section 50 authorises, in times of a
threatened disaster, the authorities to permit the administration to
procure without adherence to the usual tender procedure. Section 51 sets
an imprisonment term of one year (two years in the event of loss of
lives) for persons obstructing discharge of functions by any government
officer or employee. WhatsApp rumour mongers would be interested to know
that Section 54 prescribes a one-year penalty for spreading fake news
or false alarm. Section 56 even has a similar penalty for a government
servant who refuses to perform his duty. Section 61 is an important
provision which prohibits discrimination on grounds of sex, caste,
community, descent or religion in the matter of providing compensation
or relief to victims. Section 6 empowers the Central government to issue
binding directions to authorities and state governments. Lastly,
Section 72 gives this law an overriding effect.
Protection of states from ‘Internal Disturbance’
While considering the validity of the Armed Forces (Special Powers)
Act,1958 which conferred sweeping powers to the armed forces in
disturbed areas, the Supreme Court in Naga People’s Movement of Human
Rights v. Union of India held that:
“Reference in this context
may be made to Article 355 of the constitution whereunder a duty has
been imposed on the Union to protect every state against external
aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that the government of
every state is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the
Constitution. In view of the said provision, the Union government is
under an obligation to take steps to deal with a situation of internal
disturbance in a State… The provisions of the Central Act have been
enacted to enable the Central government to discharge the obligation
imposed on it under Article 355 of the constitution and to prevent the
situation arising due to internal disturbance assuming such seriousness
as to require invoking the drastic provisions of Article 356 of the
constitution.“
The Sarkaria Commission report has stated that
under Article 355, the Union can issue a wide array of directions,
without having to resort to invoking Article 352 (emergency) or Article
356 (president’s rule). In fact, the report cautions against a hasty
imposition of president’s rule by stipulating that the Union can also
act under Article 355 i.e. without imposing president’s rule. Article
355 can stand on its own. The report indicated that it should first be
ensured that the Union had done all that it could in discharge of its
duty under Article 355, that it had issued the necessary directions
under Articles 256-257 and that the state had failed to comply with or
give effect to the directions.
Orders passed on the Coronavirus
Coinciding with Murderer of democratic institutions (Modi)’s May 24
address to the nation which announced a four-hour lead time for bringing
the entire nation under ‘lockdown’ for 21 days, the National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA) issued social distancing guidelines on March
24 considering the “coronavirus pandemic” as a “disaster” within the
meaning of the DMA. The Union home secretary forwarded these lockdown
guidelines to the states and Union Territories by an order of the same
date.
The measures include the shutting of all non-essential
government establishments, all commercial and private establishments,
industries, transport by air, rail and road, hospitality services,
educational institutions, places of worship, political gatherings, etc.
Certain exceptions for medical staff, journalists, petrol pumps,
essential stores, etc have been provided for. The district collectors
are to be the “incident commanders” in each district who would also
decide on who should be issued exception passes. Downstream, in several
states, the competent authorities have issued orders under Section 144
of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, prohibiting more than five
people from assembling in public places.
Legality of national “house-arrest”
While four days’ lead time was given for the Janata Curfew, barely four
hours’ time was given to the crores of Indians to arrange their lives
and livelihoods in an orderly manner. The chaotic aftermath of the
national lockdown has been evidenced by heartwrenching scenes at railway
stations, inter-state bus terminals, state borders, labour markets etc.
where scores of people have been subjected to a period of enforced
unemployment while being marooned far away from the sanctuary of their
homes.
As per the 2011 Census, India has 41 million migrant
workers. Add to that domestic workers, daily wagers and construction
workers. Conceded, the prime minister, several chief ministers and
government advisories have exhorted employers not to deduct wages for
the period of the lockdown. However, without a guaranteed wage or some
minimum income or compensation, can the right to life, which includes
the right to livelihood of these hapless workers, be snuffed out simply
by falling back on Article 256 read with the DMA?
We have seen
how after the Janata government’s amendment, even if emergency is
formally promulgated, the right to life cannot be taken away. In the
present case, the emergency provisions have not even been invoked! If
the government can bypass the emergency provisions of the Constitution
and initiate such drastic steps, albeit with universal consent, one
might well ask whether such provisions – which not only specify the
manner in which fundamental rights may be suspended but also set out the
constitutional-legislative oversight over such suspension – have been
rendered completely meaningless.
While orders under Section 144,
CrPC restrict collective assembly, can the NDMA direct a “lockdown”
which draws the “lakhsman rekha” at the citizen’s door and compels her
into virtual imprisonment for 21 days? Is this not a virtual death
sentence to the daily wager, the street vendor, the migrant worker, the
small trader? Clause (a) and (e) of Article 39 require the government
to take steps to ensure that citizens have a right to adequate means of
livelihood, and citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter
avocations unsuited to them. These obligations are among the Directive
Principles of State Policy which are considered to be fundamental in the
governance of the country. The present lockdown would create conditions
that run contrary to these obligations. The choice between COVID-19 and
economic death is a hard one. The citizen, for howsoever noble a
motive, has been left deprived of even her right to chose. Risking
inevitable brickbats, I dare say that these were the very difficult
choices that required a balancing act – which, according to the leader
of one of our neighbouring countries, weighed on him in deciding against
an enforced shut down.
Section 144 CrPC as well the cognate
provisions in state police Acts (such as Section 30(3), Delhi Police
Act, 1978) usually prohibit assemblies. But the lockdown has taken the
‘Lakhsman Rekha’ to all our doorsteps. Again, returning to the
fundamental issue – without a declaration of emergency and, therefore,
with the right to movement and the right to livelihood still in
operation, is a “lock-down” constitutionally valid?
Conscious of
the counter arguments. When the very right to life of the nation is
imperilled, such constitutional arguments are heresy. After all, the
Doctrine of Necessity proclaims loud and clear that “Necessity knows no
law”.
For whatever it is worth, if we are willing to accept that
these unforeseen times are compelling us to act beyond the four corners
of our basic law, at the very least let us not lose focus on the
equally critical mandate of both the EDA as well as DMA – namely relief
and rehabilitation of the disaster affected, i.e. the poor and most
marginalised.
Also, while wholehearted support to the
administration in this hour of national crisis is the duty of every
Indian, it is equally important to keep flagging crucial issues – such
as, has the Disaster Fund mandated by the DMA been operationalised? Is
the process of disbursement of compensation under the EDA under
contemplation? I fear by our collective silence, we could well be sowing
the seeds of a tragedy of unimaginable proportions, which we will reap
for a long time.
Modi partnership with private and all opposition parties
must help Agriculture by spending the revenue proportionately and
latest farming implements to assist farmers. Farm & Ministry ust be a
community-supported agriculture organization, providing shares of their
harvest to members and neighbors weekly, and members encouraged to buy
and donate shares. Local poverty relief agencies distribute donations to
people in need in locations close to the farm. work to involve agro
ecology, experiential farm-based education, leadership formation and
national initiatives around temple-owned land stewardship.Grow food
using regenerative agriculture practices.
Members must buy
shares of their weekly harvest; approximately one quarter of their crops
must provided to a local poverty relief agency for distribution to
those in need. Also sponsor an heirloom wheat ministry, where community
members hand-plant and hand-harvest wheat for member temples to use in
communion bread.
But most important, their farm is a living laboratory – a
sacred space for the intentional exploration of our relationships to
the land, their neighbor gather regularly to plant and harvest together,
getting hands dirty as to rediscover the joy of hard work in community.
With absolute power on Legislature,
Executive, Judiciary, Chitpavan brahman knows how to keep the erstwhile untouchables under the clutch of untouchbilty!
Fighting Hunger with One Meal at a time bringing the tradition of Annadānam back through
Honest Voice of All Aboriginal Awakened Societies urge Murderer of
democratic institutions and Master of diluting institution (Modi) to
pass legislation that provides nutrition for vulnerable people.
The Awakened with Awareness faith calls to stand alongside women and
children around the world to provide leadership toward a well-nourished
world.
Use the Hunger Van Program and online process to see food
in edible containers reaches every home till the total curfew because
of COVID-19 is completely removed with revenue Murderer of democratic
institutions and Master of diluting institution (Modi) has received
Rs.15,51,004 crore during 2017-18 comprising Rs. 12,42,662 crore Tax
Revenue and Rs 12,82,857 crore up to January 2020. Tax revenue stood at
Rs 9,98,037 crore, while non-tax revenue stood at Rs 2,52,083 crore.
Non-debt capital receipts stood at Rs 32,737 crore, which includes Rs
18,351 crore of disinvestment proceeds that is in the hands of
foreigners from Bene Israel,Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western
Germany, Northern Europe, South,Russia,Hungary, etc,chitpavan brahmins
of Rakshasa Rowdy Swayam Sevaks (RSS) remotely controlling the own
mother’s flesh eaters, slaves, stooges, chamchas, chelas and bootlickers
of chitpavan brahmins Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths (BJP) full of
hatred, intolerance, anger, militancy, violent, number one terrorists of
the world, ever shooting, mob lunching, mentally retarded, lunatic
towards 99.9% All Aboriginal Awakened Societies including,
SC/STs/OBCs/Religious Minorities and even the non-chitpavan brahmins.
The entire revenue is now with the chitpavan brahmins. Instead of
creating a communal COVID-19 by the RSS/BJP more deadliest than the
COVID-19, it must be the honest voice of the 99.9% All Awakened
Opposition Parties to Educate, Organise and agitate through social media
on our revenue and to force Modi and the chitpavan brahmins to
distribute to the needy hungry masses by making use of the postal
department and those who were involved in census with their vans, trucks
and other vehicles and the IT department to serve food in edible packs
online.
Caste-COVID-19 - They have some connection!
COVID-19 forced people to under go curfew! Curfew forced people to see
Cinema to pass the time! Cinema forced people to follow Caste Culture
narrated in the picture! All the stories of Cinemas are the effect of
Caste System! This country is a land of Caste! Caste is a reality!
Caste has killed the progress of the country!
Caste benefits foreigners from Bene Israel chitpavan brahman of Rowdy
rakshasa swayam Sevaks (RSS) remotely controlling Murderer of
democratic institution and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) of
Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths (BJP) who are slaves, stooges, bootlickers,
chamchas, chelas and own mother’s flesh eaters supporting the
manusmriti which says that chitpavan brahmins are 1st rate athmas
(souls) , kshatriya & vaishya/ baniya, shudras as 2nd,3rd,4th rate
souls and the ati-shudras the SC/STs 9Untouchables as having no souls at
all. So that all sorts of atrocities can be committed on them. But the
Buddha never believed in any soul. he said all are equal. Therefore
Babasaheb Dr.B.R.Ambedkar made All Awakened Aboriginal Societies to
return back to their original home Buddhism.
Caste has degraded
85% comprising Shudras(BC/OBC), Untouchables(sc), Tribals(st) &
converted minorities (Muslims,Cristian, Sikhs,Lingayats, Buddhists etc)
called Mulnivasis as slaves & victimised them from basic rights!
In Any natural calamity whether drought, flood,epidemic, these
Mulnivasis would be the worst affected as dependents, they lack basic
facilities to face the crisis!
They are the last to employ & the first to fire!
Arogya Rakshakas of all living beings Health workers & the
Muncipalty workers are the best examples in the current scenario! So
Caste is a man made virus worst than any virus including COVID-19!
COVID-19 being a lab created virus may go shortly under the pressure of
curfew & public effort! But the most deadliest than COVID-19
virus called caste will remain to affect us very badly!
After
Independence no effort from the Govt to destroy Like COVID-19, Caste is
not visible to naked eye; it has to be faced to experience as it is
only a notion!
COVID-19 brought the system called “Social
Distancing” for its control to the world ! But for our country, it is
not new, as it is a phenomenon central to caste system! Social
distancing is otherwise a practice of Untouchability!
COVID-19
also separated people but again it is the main charecter of caste as
it’s main purpose is to bring separation in life! Only difference is
that the phenomenon of COVID-19 is temporary while that of caste is
permanent!
In fact, had there been no caste in our country, COVID-19 itself would
not have come to our country owing to its locational advantage in the
globe! It’s a problem of governance by the Murderer of democratic
institution (Modi) who gobbled the Master Key bt tampering the fraud
EVMs/VVPATs to and won elections!
Caste system does not allow good Governance!
Hence, to protect caste system, they first made the women as ‘Slave’
and assigned the responsibility of its propagation! Women as it’s
epicentre follows “Stri-Dharm, Pativrata, purity-pollution, patriarchy,
endogamy, etc to protect caste!
To support her, suitable Family
system, customs, traditions, community system, god’s & goddesses,
festivals, temples, marriage system, festivals, village system etc were
created! To maintain rather strengthen caste solidly &
permanently, Reservation system helped in addition to destroying
leadership among 85% through Chamchas (Agents) for the benefit of 15%!
At the same time, our country cinema came very handy to the
perpetrators of caste to make people , religious, emotional, casteists,
immoral , superstitious, blind followers,
supporters of violence, hate mongers, egoist, selfish, in violation of
all good precepts like killing, stealing, telling lies, sexual
misconduct, and consumption of alcoholic drinks and drugs etc !
The objective of country’s Cinemas/Serials is to inculcate the values
of caste & it’s culture among the educated & the illiterates in
the name of entertainment since, democracy, Republic, constitution,
would promote liberty, equality, fraternity, & justice!
Cinema normalised gundaism (street rowdiism), liquor culture, Violence,
rape, stone worship, caste traditions, Stri-Dharm(followers of
sati-savitri)etc as Indian Culture, !
Taking advantage of the
occasion, Ramayan & Mahabharat Epics whose owners are Valmiki, Vysa
SC/STs serials were started to produce RSS (Rowdy Rakshasa Swayam
Sevaks with ease!
So, COVID-19, Cinema & Caste is a deadly combination for Indians!
So Bahujans should shun Cinema & read Buddha, Basava, Periyar,
Phule & Ambedkar thoughts to consolidate their conviction to fight
the worst deadliest virus called ,”Caste”.
Otherwise, seeing country’s Cinema/serial or listening cinema or Bhakti songs means strengthening Caste System!
To fight COVID-19 both public & Govt have come together, but to
fight the worst virus called caste which has made our life miserable
only the 85% has to get ready since the 15% beneficiaries are rather
making all out effort to maintain the status quo.
“After COVID-19 let’s get ready to chase away Caste”
We are not keeping quite!
Fights are going on:
1. Categorisation
2. Touchable v/s Untouchable
Chitpavan brahman never wanted to give anything- dead against to any
concession to untouchables as they will lose free bonded labours! It
was Babsaheb’s greatness which fetched us so many safeguards!
Chitpavan brahman forced Narayan Guru through Gandhi, not to side with
Ambedkar to show Ezhavas of Kerala as untouchables before Franchise
committee during Round Table Conference so as to reduce the strength of
Untouchables to avoid any constitutional rights ! Chitpavan brahman may
add anybody and delete any body!
He will never give, but creates controversies, confusions, disputes so
that the castes quarrel among them selves based on egos! Meanwhile, reservation in employment punctured by privatisation!
To destroy Ambedkarim, he has to play so many dramas behind the screen
so that reservation beneficiaries fight for pittance among them selves
to lose political power!
Rise Against Hunger
COVID-19 has adversely affected the migrant population, Arogya Rakshakas of all living beings & other … kind and works
COVID-19 Curfew: Domestic Workers And A Class-Caste Divide.
A pandemic like COVID-19 comes with several collateral damages: so,
domestic workers like other vulnerable classes are at risk of being
dealt with disrespectful and discriminatory care at medical facilities
and police violence meted out to Curfew “violators”.
Aboriginal-caste and SC/ST identities have been historically viewed and
represented through the prism of upper-caste, especially chitpavan
brahminical purity-pollution and uncouth-refined standards. Since
applied science is an exercise in social habits and ritualistic
practices, the current hygiene protocol has inadvertently brought back
divisions anew on the lines of caste prejudices.
Provisions of
fixed working hours, paid and willing overtime work, paid annual and
causal leaves, respectful behaviour are equally important for their
work-life balance and self-esteem. If workers at formal workplaces are
entitled to “entertainment” and phone bill reimbursements, why not
domestic workers? For that their work needs to stop being trivialised.
In the time of COVID-19, several well-to-do people have taken to
posting pictures of cleaners, sweepers (Arogya rakshakas of all living
beings) and garbage, saluting the “#COVID-19warriors”
and urging people to stay put and bid time, because if “they” can that
too with a “cheerful smile”, why can’t we, right? Well, the class irony
couldn’t be far away: “They” have not chosen their profession.
Starvation,
Police Beatings and Covid-19: For Migrant Workers Stuck in Delhi, the
… people fear they along with their children and wives would die of
hunger. … hundreds of migrant workers at Mumbai’s Bandra … His
income was just enough for his family to last through the month.
COVID-19 curfew means no food or work for rural …
’Hunger
will kill us before coronavirus’, say Rohingya in India … “It has
been more than a month since I got my last salary. … but we don’t see
that it has been implemented yet, not even in the capital, New Delhi.
COVID-19. … Coronavirus Puts On Highway To Hunger: Despite Bumper ..
Modi’s poorly planned lockdown won’t save us from … Hunger
definitely
go a long way in reducing the transmission of the deadly virus.
…Modi’s Covid-19 lockdown speech shows he doesn’t learn from … At
this rate, more people might die of hunger than of coronavirus.
Spreading
of this deadly virus will be more dangerous than the current misery.
…Hunger. Just imagine, the majority of caste conscious mainland.
Share This!
https://theprint.in/opinion/the-road-ahead-for-liberals-is-tough-modis-thalis-were-a-loud-message/399773/
The road ahead for liberals is tough. Modi’s thalis were a loud message
The liberal 99.9% All Aboriginal Awakened Societies i.e., Sarvajan Samaj including SC(including Safai workers who are real Arogya Rakshakas Health Protectors) of all living beings))/STs/OBCs/Religious Minorities and even the poor non-chitpavan brahmins story is still worth pursuing. But liberals would do well to
remember that it is just one more story competing with many others.
These are tough times for liberal Prabuddha Bharat. More so if you are cursed with a sense of aesthetics. The Murderer of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the fraud EVMs/VVPATs and won elections remotely controlled by just 0.1% intolerant, violent, ever shooting, mob lynching, number one terrorists of the world, lunatic, mentally retarded foreigners thrown out from Bene Israel Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Germany, Northern Europe, South,Russia,Hungary, etc,chitpavan brahmins of Rakshasa Rowdy Swayam Sevaks (RSS) remotely controlling the own mother’s flesh eaters, slaves, stooges, chamchas, chelas and bootlickers of chitpavan brahmins Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths (BJP) full of hatred, intolerance, anger, militancy, violent, number one terrorists of the world, ever shooting, mob lunching, mentally retarded, lunatic towards 99.9% All Aboriginal Awakened Societies including,
SC(including Safai workers who are real Arogya Rakshakas Health Protectors)/STs/OBCs/Religious Minorities and even the non-chitpavan brahmins, asked people to bang thalis in appreciation of the doctors and others fighting the COVID-19 pandemic — after ensuring in February that crucial medical equipment was not reserved for medical personnel and patients.
The liberal edifice is falling to pieces. Instead of a free press,
we now have a free-for-all press. The former Chief Justice of India
Ranjan Gogoi accepted the Modi’s nomination to the Rajya
Sabha soon after his retirement, when the memory of his judicial views in favour of Modi’s in several critical matters was still fresh
in people’s mind. The constitutional value of the ‘separation of powers’ has seldom looked shakier.
The economy lies in tatters.
Communal riots last for days but no heads roll. There is no
opposition and no respite from the Modi’s overbearing manner.
In this mix drops a virus, and it soon acquires a communal colour.
Liberalism has hardly had it so bad in independent Prabuddha Bharat.
Reasons for people rushing to bang the thalis, is that they think
“Modi is winning. Why should he be complaining? Or bothering with usual suspects accusing him of infantilising his voters when they are happy being just that because of the fraud EVMs/VVPATs: Obedient infants?”
Following instructions to bang thalis. However, over the past six years, this complaint has become common and more frequent among the liberals.
Earlier, ordinary voter was wise and took correct decisions at crucial moments of history such as in 1977, 1984 and 1991.
Why this about-turn?
That is because of the fraud EVMs/VVPATs, but not the Ballot Papers.
So Poke fun at taali, thaali, diya and mombatti all you want. Modi couldn’t care less.
Liberal democracy is premised on individual free will to make a choice.
Philosophers have long contested the idea of free will and rational
choice.
Traditional Western philosophy had the contesting idea of
determinism which meant, contrary to free will, events were guided by
pre-existing causes. Indian philosophy had a similar theory of
Prarabhda. However, the political advance of liberalism/humanism was so powerful in the last century that these contesting ideas were eclipsed by the idea of free will.
Liberal democracies across the world have been bleeding in the past decade. The liberal order is turning upside down, institutions are being torn apart. But even before the likes of Modi, Trump and Erdogan appeared on the political stage, modern philosophers like John Gray had challenged the idea of free will. It is also being challenged by psychologists and neuroscientists. Even if there is free will, its direction can be manipulated, especially by big data, TV channels etc.
Therefore, the voter’s inability or reluctance to exercise rational choice based on the contested idea of free will is a very tenuous link to reach an even more unsustainable conclusion of the infancy of the voter.
We need other tools to understand voter’s/citizen’s behaviour. One way to examine this behaviour, especially in the era of populist leaders, is the concept of Maya, or illusion, which can be magnified manifold by the information technology revolution. We can understand electoral politicsas a battle of images, perception and theatre.
New tech, no alternative story
Electoral politics always had a strong element of theatre. But new technological tools such as WhatsApp, Facebook and Twitter are allowing Modi to give the voters a lot of new messages, images, sensations on a regular basis and generate favourable responses. We need to closely scrutinise the connection between WhatsApp revolution engendered by cheap Jio data and the 2019 Lok Sabha election victory or banging of thalis. Facebook, internet and compliant news channels have made electoral politics in the country overwhelmingly theatrical.
And there is no viable alternative story. The Congress party, a network of patronage and power, in the absence of those, is simply withering away. Other parties modelled on the Congress system are following suit. Arvind Kejriwal has been able to stand up to Modi possibly because he can match Modi in theatrics and in the use of new technology as all of their bosses are chitpavan brahmin birds of the same feather flock together.
Further, new technology has disturbed the traditional way of life of the voter at an unprecedented pace. The voter might be clinging to Modi simply because he presents an image – rather the illusion – that the commonly held notions about the Indian tradition will be preserved.
That’s what banging of thalis and lighting of diyas do
Liberal elite lost control
The rapid technological disruption was preceded by six decades of
reconstruction of all major identities by the liberal method: caste,
religion, family and gender. This reconstruction changed power relations in a short span of time. The debate over the merits of these changes isa separate matter. But these changes have produced anxieties in the certain sections of society, which Modi could be tapping into (Stealth Shadowy hindutva cult)even while benefiting from those changes (OBC-Mandal).
The liberals enjoyed immense authority to produce these changes with support from the Constitutional system structures. They drew their power from the control over all institutions of production of knowledge such as universities, research institutions and the courts.
These were controlled through the English language, which was the preserve of a tiny liberal elite to a large extent. This language was alien to the large swathes of masses whose allegiance Modi, a native Gujarati, commands in Hindi.
The English language, in the hands of English-speaking liberal elite, became a powerful source of discrimination against people who could not speak English and led to deprivation of opportunities for them. At its best, the English-speaking liberal elite was a benign alien force for them; at its worst, a hostile coloniser of thought and mind.
After the collapse of the Constitutional power network, this English-speaking liberal elite has no emotional and cultural connection with the social milieu where Modi is worshiped, even though he has hardly done anything to change those power relations. Modi has simply changed the packaging. Goods come from the same factories. Modi has just changed the labels to Hindi and has swayed the people — just like how he borrowed talis from Italy, added his thali and crowd-sourced a blockbuster.
The liberal story was a good story and is still worth pursuing. But let us not have illusions of the universality or truth of its values. It is one more story competing in the arena with many others. It is hard work ahead, especially for the liberal elite who may have to give up their privileges (or get co-opted), shed the baggage of English language. A good start can be made by making a resolve: “Thou shall never declare the ordinary mass of people infants, howsoever uncomfortable they may be for you.” Because if we look deeper, then we will find many reasons for the way they behave, opening new ways of engagement.New tech, no alternative story
Electoral politics always had a strong element of theatre. But new technological tools such as WhatsApp, Facebook and Twitter are allowing Modi to give the voters a lot of new messages, images, sensations on a regular basis and generate favourable responses. We need to closely scrutinise the connection between WhatsApp revolution engendered by cheap Jio data and the 2019 Lok Sabha election victory or banging of thalis. Facebook, internet and compliant news channels have made electoral politics in the country overwhelmingly theatrical.
And there is no viable alternative story. The Congress party, a network of patronage and power, in the absence of those, is simply withering away. Other parties modelled on the Congress system are following suit. Arvind Kejriwal has been able to stand up to Modi possibly because he can match Modi in theatrics and in the use of new technology as all of their bosses are chitpavan brahmin birds of the same feather flock together.
Further, new technology has disturbed the traditional way of life of the voter at an unprecedented pace. The voter might be clinging to Modi simply because he presents an image – rather the illusion – that the commonly held notions about the Indian tradition will be preserved.
That’s what banging of thalis and lighting of diyas do
Liberal elite lost control
The rapid technological disruption was preceded by six decades of
reconstruction of all major identities by the liberal method: caste,
religion, family and gender. This reconstruction changed power relations in a short span of time. The debate over the merits of these changes isa separate matter. But these changes have produced anxieties in the certain sections of society, which Modi could be tapping into (Stealth Shadowy hindutva cult)even while benefiting from those changes (OBC-Mandal).
The liberals enjoyed immense authority to produce these changes with support from the Constitutional system structures. They drew their power from the control over all institutions of production of knowledge such as universities, research institutions and the courts.
These were controlled through the English language, which was the preserve of a tiny liberal elite to a large extent. This language was alien to the large swathes of masses whose allegiance Modi, a native Gujarati, commands in Hindi.
The English language, in the hands of English-speaking liberal elite, became a powerful source of discrimination against people who could not speak English and led to deprivation of opportunities for them. At its best, the English-speaking liberal elite was a benign alien force for them; at its worst, a hostile coloniser of thought and mind.
After the collapse of the Constitutional power network, this English-speaking liberal elite has no emotional and cultural connection with the social milieu where Modi is worshiped, even though he has hardly done anything to change those power relations. Modi has simply changed the packaging. Goods come from the same factories. Modi has just changed the labels to Hindi and has swayed the people — just like how he borrowed talis from Italy, added his thali and crowd-sourced a blockbuster.
The liberal story was a good story and is still worth pursuing. But let us not have illusions of the universality or truth of its values. It is one more story competing in the arena with many others. It is hard work ahead, especially for the liberal elite who may have to give up their privileges (or get co-opted), shed the baggage of English language. A good start can be made by making a resolve: “Thou shall never declare the ordinary mass of people infants, howsoever uncomfortable they may be for you.” Because if we look deeper, then we will find many reasons for the way they behave, opening new ways of engagement.
Patanjali Ayurved pledged its entire shareholding in Ruchi Soya Industries to SBICAP Trustee for the Rs 4,000 crore loan, according to a filing on the exchanges.
https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=701663
The others in this category include: Kudos Chemie, Punjab (Rs.2,326 crore), Baba Ramdev and …
BUSINESS
RBI writes off over Rs 68K cr. loans, Choksi among 50 top wilful defaulters: RTI
Mon, Apr 27 2020 06:22:59 PM
Mumbai,
Apr 27 (IANS): The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has admitted to writing off a staggering amount of Rs 68,607-crores due from 50 Top Wilful Defaulters, including absconding diamantaire Mehul Choksi, according to a reply under RTI.
Prominent RTI activist Saket Gokhale had filed an RTI query seeking details of the 50 Top Wilful Defaulters and their current loans status till February 16.
“I filed this RTI because Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and Minister of State for Finance Anurag Thakur, but they had refused to reply to this starred question asked in parliament by Congress MP Rahul Gandhi, in the last budget session, on Feb 16, 2020,” Gokhale told IANS.
Disclosing what the government didn’t, the RBI’s Central Public Information Officer Abhay Kumar provided the replies on Saturday (April 24), with several startling revelations in the ‘diamond-studded list’, said Gokhale.
The RBI said that this amount (Rs 68,607-crore) comprising outstanding and the amounts technically/prudentially Written Off, till September 30, 2019.
“The apex bank also declined to provide the relevant information on overseas borrowers citing a Supreme Court judgement of December 16, 2015,” Gokhale told IANS.
Topping the list is Choksi’s scam-hit company, Gitanjali Gems Limited which owed Rs.5,492 crore, besides other group companies, Gili India Ltd. and Nakshatra Brands Ltd. which had taken loans of Rs 1,447 crore and Rs 1,109 crore, respectively.
Choksi is currently a citizen of Antigua & Barbados Isles, while his nephew and another absconder diamond trader Nirav Modi is in London.
The second in the list is REI Agro Ltd., with an amount of Rs 4,314 crores, and its directors Sandip Jhujhunwala and Sanjay Jhunjhunwala who are already under the scanner of the
Enforcement Directorate (ED) since over a year.
The next on the list in the Rs 4,000-crore bracket is absconding diamantaire Jatin Mehta’s Winsome Diamonds & Jewellery owing Rs 4,076 crore and which is being probed by the Central Bureau of Investigation for various bank frands.
In the Rs 2,000-crore category, there is the Kanpur-based
writing instruments giant, Rotomac Global Pvt. Ltd., part of the famed
Kothari group, which owed Rs 2,850 crore.
The others in this category include: Kudos Chemie, Punjab (Rs.2,326 crore), Baba Ramdev and Balkrishna’s group company Ruchi Soya Industries Ltd., Indore (Rs.2,212 crore), and Zoom Developers Pvt. Ltd., Gwalior (Rs.2,012 crore).
There are 18 companies in the Rs.1K-segment with some prominent names like Harish R. Mehta’s Ahmedabad-based Forever Precious Jewellery & Diamonds Pvt. Ltd. (Rs.,1962 crore), and absconder liquor baron Vijay Mallya’s defunct Kingfisher Airlines Ltd. (Rs 1,943 crore).
Another 25 companies fall in the sub-1K-crore category with outstandings ranging from Rs 605 crore to Rs 984 crore, either individually or as group companies.
Six among the 50 Top Wilful Defaulters are connected with the glittering diamond and/or gold jewellery industries.
“A majority of them have defaulted prominent nationalist banks over the past several years and many of them are either absconding or facing action by various probe agencies and some are under litigation,” Gokhale said.
No industry is sacrosanct as the top 50 willful defaulters
are spread across various sectors of the economy including IT,
infrastructure, power, gold-diamond jewellery, pharma, etc.
“wilful defaulters, bad loans and write-offs”
Reserve Bank of India released a list of 50 wilful defaulters accused of cheating banks whose loans were written off.
Between 2009-10 and 2013-14, scheduled commercial banks had written off Rs 1,45,226.00 crore.
https://m.businesstoday.in/story/bjp-govt-waived-rs-68607-crore-of-bank-loan-defaulters-alleges-congress/1/402270.html
https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/news/business/rbi-writes-off-over-rs-68k-crore-loans-mehul-choksi-among-50-top-wilful-defaulters-rti/articleshow/75408573.cms
https://news.abplive.com/news/banks-write-off-over-rs-68000-crore-loans-choksi-mallya-among-50-top-wilful-defaulters-1207859
https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/rbi-writes-off-loans-worth-rs-68000cr-wilful-defaulters-include-mallya-choksi-5197751.html
101) Classical Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ் செம்மொழி,
will hold them back?”
The Awakened One with Awareness replied, “Any such river can be halted
with the dam of mindfulness. This is why he called mindfulness the flood
stopper. With wisdom you can close the flood gates.”
Undertake
work while staying indoors, have to do our work and we have to take
care of the society. Sleep and get up early morning. Follow the curfew
then the work of All Aboriginal Awakened Societies can be done. Train
the parents to teach their children to wash their clothes, take bath and
iron their clothes. We
can practice concentration in different postures of the body with our
family members in smaller groups of five-seven within families.
We
have to remember Voice of All Aboriginal Awakened Societies in spirit.
Educate them in English and own mother tongue and also all the 116
classical languages of the world using https://translate.google.com.
Awakened One with Awareness teachings on
When the Awakened One with Awareness was asked
“Chaos is inherent in all compounded things. Strive on with diligence.”
“To be idle is a short road to death and to be diligent is a way of life; foolish people are idle, wise people are diligent.”
“I never see what has been done; I only see what remains to be done.”
“Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.”
“It
is better to conquer yourself than to win a thousand battles. Then the
victory is yours. It cannot be taken from you, not by angels or by
demons, heaven or hell.”
“It is better to travel well than to arrive.”
“Peace comes from within. Do not seek it without.”
“The only real failure in life is not to be true to the best one knows.”
“There
is nothing more dreadful than the habit of doubt. Doubt separates
people. It is a poison that disintegrates friendships and breaks up
pleasant relations. It is a thorn that irritates and hurts; it is a
sword that kills.”
“Thousands
of candles can be lighted from a single candle, and the life of the
candle will not be shortened. Happiness never decreases by being
shared.”
“We are what we think. All that we are arises with our thoughts. With our thoughts, we make the world.”
“What we think, we become.“
Thoughts and ideas go further through action.
“A jug fills drop by drop.”
“An idea that is developed and put into action is more important than an idea that exists only as an idea.”
“Hatred does not cease through hatred at any time. Hatred ceases through compassion.
This is an unalterable law.”
“Have compassion for all beings, rich and poor alike; each has their suffering. Some suffer too much, others too little.”
“Holding on to anger is
like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else;
you are the one who gets burned.”
“In a controversy the
instant we feel anger we have already ceased striving for the truth, and
have begun striving for ourselves.”
“Teach
this triple truth to all: A generous mind, kind speech, and a life of
service and compassion are the things which renew humanity.”
“To understand everything is to forgive everything.”
“You will not be punished for your anger, you will be punished by your anger.”
Health
A healthy mind and body empower us for life.
“Every human being is the author of his own health or disease.”
“Health is the greatest gift, contentment the greatest wealth, faithfulness the best relationship.”
“The secret of health for both mind and body is not to mourn for the
past, worry about the future, or anticipate troubles, but to live in
the present moment wisely and earnestly.”
“To enjoy good health, to bring true happiness to one’s family, to
bring peace to all, one must first discipline and control one’s own
mind. If a man can control his mind he can find the way to Awakenment
with Awareness and all wisdom and virtue will naturally come to him.”
“To keep the body in good health is a duty … otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear.”
“Without health life is not life; it is only a state of languor and suffering an image of death.”
Life and Living
Life is a journey and wisdom is the North Star.
“He
who experiences the unity of life sees his own Self in all beings, and
all beings in his own Self, and looks on everything with an impartial
eye.”
“Just as a candle cannot burn without fire, men cannot live without a spiritual life.”
“Just as treasures are
uncovered from the earth, so virtue appears from good deeds, and wisdom
appears from a pure and peaceful mind. To walk safely through the maze
of human life, one needs the light of wisdom and the guidance of
virtue.”
“Life is suffering.”
“The foot feels the foot when it feels the ground with bare foot.”
“There has to be evil so that good can prove its purity above it.”
“To live a pure unselfish life, one must count nothing as one’s own in the midst of abundance.”
“When you realize how perfect everything is you will tilt your head back and laugh at the sky.”
“You cannot travel the path until you have become the path itself.”
“Your work is to discover your work and then with all your mind to give yourself to it.”
Compassion,Connection, and Unity
We have an impact, and we’re worth it.
“All
things appear and disappear because of the concurrence of causes and
conditions. Nothing ever exists entirely alone; everything is in
relation to everything else.”
“Ambition is like compassion, impatient both of delays and rivals.”
“Unity can only be manifested by the Binary. Unity itself and the idea of Unity are already two.”
“You
can search throughout the entire universe for someone who is more
deserving of your compassion and affection than you are yourself, and
that person is not to be found anywhere. You yourself, as much as
anybody in the entire universe deserve your love and affection.”
Mind, Thought, and Thinking
Our thoughts shape us, and the world around us.
“All wrong-doing arises because of mind. If mind is transformed can wrong-doing remain?”
“An
insincere and evil friend is more to be feared than a wild beast; a
wild beast may wound your body, but an evil friend will wound your
mind.”
“Believe nothing, no matter where you read it, or who said it, no
matter if I have said it, unless it agrees with your own reason and your
own common sense.”
“He is able who thinks he is able.”
“It is a man’s own mind, not his enemy or foe, that lures him to evil ways.”
“The mind is everything. What you think you become.”
“Those who are free of resentful thoughts surely find peace.”
“We are what we think. All that we are arises with our thoughts. With our thoughts, we make the world.”
Personal Development
Master yourself.
“Do not overrate what you have received, nor envy others. He who envies others does not obtain peace of mind.”
“The virtues, like the Muses, are always seen in groups. A good principle was never found solitary in any breast.”
“To conquer oneself is a greater task than conquering others.”
“Virtue is persecuted more by the wicked than it is loved by the good.”
“We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think. When the mind is pure, joy follows like a shadow that never leaves.”
Self-Reliance
Don’t let yourself down.
“No one saves us but ourselves. No one can and no one may. We ourselves must walk the path.”
“Work out your own salvation. Do not depend on others.”
Speech
Choose your words carefully.
“A
dog is not considered a good dog because he is a good barker. A man is
not considered a good man because he is a good talker.”
“Better than a thousand hollow words, is one word that brings peace.”
“The tongue like a sharp knife … Kills without drawing blood.”
“The wise ones fashioned speech with their thought, sifting it as grain is sifted through a sieve.”
“Whatever words we utter should be chosen with care for people will hear them and be influenced by them for good or ill.”
Truth
It’s all around us.
“In
the sky, there is no distinction of east and west; people create
distinctions out of their own minds and then believe them to be true.”
“There are only two mistakes one can make along the road to truth; not going all the way, and not starting.”
“Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.”
in 01) Classical Magahi Magadhi,
02) Classical Chandaso language,
03)Magadhi Prakrit,
04) Classical Hela Basa (Hela Language),
05) Classical Pāḷi
06) Classical Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- शास्त्रीय हिंदी,
07) Classical Cyrillic
08) Classical Afrikaans– Klassieke Afrikaans
09) Classical Albanian-Shqiptare klasike,
10) Classical Amharic-አንጋፋዊ አማርኛ,
11) Classical Arabic-اللغة العربية الفصحى
12) Classical Armenian-դասական հայերեն,
13) Classical Azerbaijani- Klassik Azərbaycan,
14) Classical Basque- Euskal klasikoa,
15) Classical Belarusian-Класічная беларуская,
16) Classical Bengali-ক্লাসিক্যাল বাংলা,
17) Classical Bosnian-Klasični bosanski,
18) Classical Bulgaria- Класически българск,
19) Classical Catalan-Català clàssic
20) Classical Cebuano-Klase sa Sugbo,
21) Classical Chichewa-Chikale cha Chichewa,
22) Classical Chinese (Simplified)-古典中文（简体）,
23) Classical Chinese (Traditional)-古典中文（繁體）,
24) Classical Corsican-Corsa Corsicana,
25) Classical Croatian-Klasična hrvatska,
26) Classical Czech-Klasická čeština,
27) Classical Danish-Klassisk dansk,Klassisk dansk,
28) Classical Dutch- Klassiek Nederlands,
29) Classical English,Roman
30) Classical Esperanto-Klasika Esperanto,
31) Classical Estonian- klassikaline eesti keel,
32) Classical Filipino klassikaline filipiinlane,
33) Classical Finnish- Klassinen suomalainen,
34) Classical French- Français classique,
35) Classical Frisian- Klassike Frysk,
36) Classical Galician-Clásico galego,
37) Classical Georgian-კლასიკური ქართული,
38) Classical German- Klassisches Deutsch,
39) Classical Greek-Κλασσικά Ελληνικά,
40) Classical Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી,
41) Classical Haitian Creole-Klasik kreyòl,
42) Classical Hausa-Hausa Hausa,
43) Classical Hawaiian-Hawaiian Hawaiian,
44) Classical Hebrew- עברית קלאסית
45) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
46) Classical Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,
47) Classical Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
48) Classical Igbo,Klassískt Igbo,
49) Classical Indonesian-Bahasa Indonesia Klasik,
50) Classical Irish-Indinéisis Clasaiceach,
51) Classical Italian-Italiano classico,
52) Classical Japanese-古典的なイタリア語,
53) Classical Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
54) Classical Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
55) Classical Kazakh-Классикалық қазақ,
56) Classical Khmer- ខ្មែរបុរាណ,
57) Classical Kinyarwanda
58) Classical Korean-고전 한국어,
59) Classical Kurdish (Kurmanji)-Kurdî (Kurmancî),
60) Classical Kyrgyz-Классикалык Кыргыз,
61) Classical Lao-ຄລາສສິກລາວ,
62) Classical Latin-LXII) Classical Latin,
63) Classical Latvian-Klasiskā latviešu valoda,
64) Classical Lithuanian-Klasikinė lietuvių kalba,
65) Classical Luxembourgish-Klassesch Lëtzebuergesch,
66) Classical Macedonian-Класичен македонски,
67) Classical Malagasy,класичен малгашки,
68) Classical Malay-Melayu Klasik,
69) Classical Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
70) Classical Maltese-Klassiku Malti,
71) Classical Maori-Maori Maori,
72) Classical Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
73) Classical Mongolian-Сонгодог Монгол,
74) Classical Myanmar (Burmese)-Classical မြန်မာ (ဗမာ),
75) Classical Nepali-शास्त्रीय म्यांमार (बर्मा),
76) Classical Norwegian-Klassisk norsk,
77) Classical Odia (Oriya)
78) Classical Pashto- ټولګی پښتو
79) Classical Persian-کلاسیک فارسی
80) Classical Polish-Język klasyczny polski,
81) Classical Portuguese-Português Clássico,
82) Classical Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
83) Classical Romanian-Clasic românesc,
84) Classical Russian-Классический русский,
85) Classical Samoan-Samoan Samoa,
86) Classical Sanskrit छ्लस्सिचल् षन्स्क्रित्
87) Classical Scots Gaelic-Gàidhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,
88) Classical Serbian-Класични српски,
89) Classical Sesotho-Seserbia ea boholo-holo,
90) Classical Shona-Shona Shona,
91) Classical Sindhi,
92) Classical Sinhala-සම්භාව්ය සිංහල,
93) Classical Slovak-Klasický slovenský,
94) Classical Slovenian-Klasična slovenska,
95) Classical Somali-Soomaali qowmiyadeed,
96) Classical Spanish-Español clásico,
97) Classical Sundanese-Sunda Klasik,
98) Classical Swahili,Kiswahili cha Classical,
99) Classical Swedish-Klassisk svensk,
100) Classical Tajik-тоҷикӣ классикӣ,
101) Classical Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ் செம்மொழி,
102) Classical Tatar
103) Classical Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
104) Classical Thai-ภาษาไทยคลาสสิก,
105) Classical Turkish-Klasik Türk,
106) Classical Turkmen
107) Classical Ukrainian-Класичний український,
108) Classical Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
109) Classical Uyghur
110) Classical Uzbek-Klassik o’z
111) Classical Vietnamese-Tiếng Việ
112) Classical Welsh-Cymraeg Clasurol,
113) Classical Xhosa-IsiXhosa zesiXhosa,
114) Classical Yiddish- קלאסישע ייִדיש
115) Classical Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,
116) Classical Zulu-I-Classical Zulu
http://www.orgsites.com/oh/awakenedone/
Awakeness Practices
All
84,000 Khandas As Found in the Pali Suttas Traditionally the are 84,000
Dharma Doors - 84,000 ways to get Awakeness. Maybe so; certainly the
Buddha taught a large number of practices that lead to Awakeness. This
web page attempts to catalogue those found in the Pali Suttas (DN, MN,
SN, AN, Ud & Sn 1). There are 3 sections:
The
discourses of Buddha are divided into 84,000, as to separate addresses.
The division includes all that was spoken by Buddha.”I received from
Buddha,” said Ananda, “82,000 Khandas, and from the priests 2000; these
are 84,000 Khandas
maintained by me.” They are divided into 275,250, as to the stanzas of
the original text, and into 361,550, as to the stanzas of the
commentary. All the discourses including both those of Buddha and those
of the commentator, are divided into 2,547 banawaras, containing
737,000 stanzas, and 29,368,000 separate letters.
ESSENCE OF TIPITAKA
Positive Buddha Vacana — The words of the Buddha — Interested in All
Suttas of Tipitaka as Episodes in visual format including 7D laser
Hologram 360 degree Circarama presentation
from
Analytic Insight Net - FREE Online Tipiṭaka Law Research & Practice University
in
116 CLASSICAL LANGUAGES
Please Visit: http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPydLZ0cavc
for
Maha-parinibbana Sutta — Last Days of the Buddha
The Great Discourse on the Total Unbinding
This wide-ranging sutta, the
longest one in the Pali canon, describes the events leading up to,
during, and immediately following the death and final release
(parinibbana) of the Buddha. This colorful narrative contains a wealth
of Dhamma teachings, including the Buddha’s final instructions that
defined how Buddhism would be lived and practiced long after the
Buddha’s death — even to this day. But this sutta also depicts, in
simple language, the poignant human drama that unfolds among the
Buddha’s many devoted followers around the time of the death of their
beloved teacher.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDkKT54WbJ4
for
Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ (Pali) - 2 Kāyānupassanā ānāpānapabbaṃ
http://www.buddha-vacana.org/sutta/digha.html
Use
http://www.translate.google.com/
an expert who identifies experts influenced by Expert and Infulencer Sashikanth Chandrasekharan
of
Free Online Awaken One With Awareness Mind (A1wAM)+ ioT (insight-net of Things) - the art of Giving, taking and Living to attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal through Electronic Visual Communication Course on
Political
Science-Techno-Politico-Socio Transformation and Economic Emancipation
Movement (TPSTEEM). Struggle hard to see that all fraud EVMs are
replaced by paper ballots by Start using Internet of things by creating
Websites,blogs. Make the best use of facebook, twitter etc., to
propagate TPSTEEMthru FOA1TRPUVF.
Practice Insight Meditation in all postures of the body - Sitting, standing, lying, walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, martial arts etc., for health mind in a healthy body.
When
a just born baby is kept isolated without anyone communicating with the
baby, after a few days it will speak and human natural (Prakrit)
language known as Classical Magahi Magadhi/Classical Chandaso language/Magadhi Prakrit/Classical Hela Basa (Hela Language)/Classical Pali which are the same. Buddha spoke in Magadhi. All the 7111 languages and dialects are off shoot of Classical
Magahi Magadhi. Hence all of them are Classical in nature (Prakrit) of
Human Beings, just like all other living spieces have their own natural
languages for communication. 116 languages are translated by https://translate.google.com
All Aboriginal Awakened Media Prabandhak
04/29/20
LESSONS 3340 Thu 30 APR 2020 29) Classical English,Roman Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING from KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT! Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice. Say YES to Paper Ballots NO to EVMs/VVPATs to save Democracy, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for the welfare, happiness and peace for all Awakened aboriginal societies. is the HONEST VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (HVoAAAS) Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist) All Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch) Awakened One with Awareness the Buddha said that “hunger is the worst kind of illness. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Recovered:953,321Last updated: April 29, 2020, 00:35 GMT Graphs - Countries - Death Rate - Symptoms - Incubation - Transmission - NewsCoronavirus Cases:3,136,543 Deaths:217,8137,780,941,954 Current World Population Recovered from COVID-919,746 May all 7,780,941,954 Current World Population Recovered from COVID-919,746 surviving world population be ever happy, well and secure! May all live long! May all be calm, quiet, alert, attentive, and have equanimity mind with a clear understanding that everything is changing !along with The most dreadded, deadliest virous than COVID-19 HUNGER created by foreigners thrown out from Bene Israel,Tibet, Africa,Eastern Europe, Western Germany, Northern Europe, South,Russia,Hungary, etc, chitpavan brahmins of Rowdy rakshasa Swayam Sevaks (RSS) remotely controlling Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths (BJP) headed by their slave, stooge, bootlicker, own mother’s flesh eater, chamcha, chela casteist the Murderer of democratic institutions (Modi)
Filed under:
General
Posted by:
site admin @ 7:17 pm
LESSONS 3340 Thu 30 APR 2020
29) Classical English,Roman
Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING
from
KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT!
Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice.
May all surviving 7,781,187,369 Current World Population
and COVID-19
Coronavirus Pandemic Recovered:1,039,168 Last updated: May 01, 2020, 01:02 GMT out of Coronavirus Cases:3,307,652 be ever happy, well and
secure!
May all live long!
May
all be calm, quiet, alert, attentive, and have equanimity mind with a
clear understanding that everything is changing !
May
the United Nations Organization and World Health Organization with the
support of all countries create a separate Nation with all latest
automatic robots to serve the Coronavirus Cases:3,220,225 !!
Say YES to Paper Ballots
NO
to EVMs/VVPATs to save Democracy, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for
the welfare, happiness and peace for all Awakened aboriginal societies.
is the
HONEST VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (HVoAAAS)
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)
All
Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha
Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch) Awakened One
with Awareness the Buddha said that “hunger is the worst kind of
illness.
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
World Population
Government & Economics
Society & Media
Environment
Food
Water
Energy
Health
Share This!
The world will be happy if the secret as to how and with what vaccine or
medicine have they been cured which has to be published.This will save
treatment cost of Rs 7.5 Lakhs in Government and Rs.15 lakhs in Private
Hospitals. All Governments and their trusts formed for COVID-19 must and
should pay the Hospital charges and provide online food and shelter for
migrantworkers by distributing the wealth of the countries equally among
all sections of the societies for their welfare, happiness and peace as a
choice is between starvation and infection and for them to attain
Eternal Bliss as Final Goal.
Fear What do Awakened One with Awareness
quotes teach us about fear?
Trade your fear for freedom.
“Even death is
not to be feared by one who has lived wisely.”
“The whole secret of
existence is to have no fear.
Never fear what will become of you, depend
on no one. Only the moment you reject all help are you freed.”
“When one
has the feeling of dislike for evil, when one feels tranquil, one finds
pleasure in listening to good teachings; when one has these feelings and
appreciates them, one is free of fear.
”Pain is a Gift
Instead of avoiding it,
Learn to embrace it.
Without pain,
there is no growth
what is gained by practicing concentration.reply is, “Nothing!”
“However ,
what is lost is
Anger,Anxiety,Depression,Insecurity,Fear of Old Age and Death.
”The
right to life, meaningless without the right to livelihood, has been
suspended by invoking the Disaster Management Act which does not empower
the kind of sweeping restrictions now in place
https://thewire.in/…/is-the-national-lockdown-in-india-cons…
National Curfew is not Constitutionally Valid.
Even if we are compelled to act beyond the four corners of our basic
law, let us not lose focus on the equally critical mandate of the
Disaster Management Act – namely, relief and rehabilitation of the
disaster affected, i.e. the poor and marginalised.
First, this
is a sequel as the constitutional scheme to address an epidemic like the
one at hand. Second, there is no reason for alarm. Even if you were to
conclude that all that is being done to protect you may not be
legitimate, the chance of a constitutional court being vexed with these
questions is as remote as you deciding upon Wuhan as your first vacation
destination post Curfew. In fact, our constitutional courts, even the
video-conference versions of them, have almost folded up in the wake of
this unimaginable national crisis.
Mila Versteeg, professor of
law at the University of Virginia, writes in The Atlantic that while the
constitutional validity of the lockdown in the United States is
doubtful, it has bipartisan support and people, scared out of their
wits, are also willing to voluntarily sacrifice their rights. This is
not a new phenomenon. Many would remember how, in the wake of the
felling of the World Trade Centre, America, the land of liberty,
voluntarily accepted the draconian Patriot Act for the sake of homeland
security. Therefore, even presuming that none of the parties in India –
the Centre, the states or the people – have any objection to the virtual
house arrest of the entire nation, should that hinder us from examining
whether such a course is constitutionally kosher?Original emergency
provisions and Indira’s misuse
Before it was amended in 1978,
Article 352 of the Indian constitution permitted the declaration of an
emergency on three grounds – war, external aggression and internal
disturbance. For mysterious reasons, the emergency imposed by Indira
Gandhi during the Bangladesh War in 1971 had not been rescinded even as
on that summer day in June 1975 when the Supreme Court vacation single
judge V.R. Krishna Iyer, heard Nani Palkhivala for a whole day in a
packed courtroom. It was a challenge by Indira Gandhi to the Allahabad
high court verdict setting aside her election and unseating her as prime
minister. Justice Iyer did not grant a blanket stay that day. He merely
allowed Mrs Gandhi to participate in the house but not vote. The
emergency that followed at midnight was invoked on the grounds of
“internal disturbance” – one of the three permissible grounds.
The constitution is silent on whether, while an emergency declaration is
already in force (with the exception of a separate kind of emergency,
namely Financial Emergency under Article 360), another can or is at all
required to be promulgated.Then came the infamous ADM Jabalpur case. As
overnight most opposition leaders were arrested, many of them
successfully secured habeas corpus release orders from various high
courts. These cases landed up before a constitution bench of the Supreme
Court. Attorney General Niren De reportedly was not keen to defend the
stand of the Indira government that during an emergency even the right
to life could be suspended. It is said that oblique hints at revocation
of the residency rights of his British wife were also instrumental in
ensuring De’s appearance in court.
He later claimed that he
tried his best to shock the judges into reason, arguing the proposition
that during an emergency even if a person were to be killed by the
security forces in the presence of the justices, they would remain
helpless. Sadly, the majority judges did not bite the bait but timidly
concurred. Justice Khanna penned his famous dissent, arguing that the
right to life was a natural law right and the remedy of habeas corpus
preceded the constitution. Therefore, the right to life and the remedy
of moving a habeas corpus petition in court for release against illegal
detention could not even be suspended during emergency. But he was the
sole voice of reason and the majority opinion prevailed.
Janata’s constitutional purge and the new legal regime
For all the brouhaha made by the court in recent times of burying ADM
Jabalpur six feet under, the Janata Party government had done that
already in 1978 through the 44th constitutional amendment. Not only did
Morarji Desai’s government substitute “internal disturbance” with
“armed rebellion” but it also clarified in Article 359 that the right to
life (Article 21) and the right against double jeopardy and self
incrimination (Article 20) could not be suspended even during an
emergency.
Under the constitution, it is during the period of
emergency that the niceties of separation of powers between the three
wings of government, as well as the division of powers between the
Centre and the states are legally permitted to be blurred. The
constitution, upon promulgation of emergency, permits the Centre not
only to give executive directions to the states but also to the
legislature in matters such as public health, law and order and police,
which are otherwise state subjects with only a limited role for the
Centre.
Even during normal times, Article 256 stipulates that the
Centre can give directions on how to implement laws made by parliament.
Article 257 states that the executive power of the states should be
exercised in a manner that does not “impede or prejudice” the executive
power of the Centre. The Centre is also permitted to issue directions to
the states towards this end. Article 355 (which the Janata Party
perhaps forgot to amend when it purged our constitution of ‘internal
disturbances’) enforces a constitutional duty on the Union to protect
the states against “external aggression’ as well as “internal
disturbances”.
While indisputably the ‘coronavirus pandemic’
would qualify as a situation of ‘internal disturbance’, it certainly
cannot be covered by any of the three existing grounds in Article 352
which would permit the Central government to declare an emergency,
suspend fundamental rights, including Article 19 which protects the
basic freedoms of citizens, and control the executive and legislative
functions of the states.
Two centuries, two statutes
Under
this constitutional framework, two laws provide the Centre and the
states the statutory basis for acting against the Coronavirus. They are
the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 (EDA) and the Disaster Management Act,
2005 (DMA). The case of the government perhaps is that these two laws
arm it with sufficient powers and there is no necessity to fall back on
the “emergency provisions” of the constitution. This warrants a closer
examination of these two laws.
The EDA is of 19th century
vintage, enacted by a colonial power with a ruthless administrative
apparatus uncontrolled by a constitution based on fundamental individual
rights. A closer look would indicate that even this law is intended to
address a situation when a “state or any part thereof is visited by, or
threatened with, an outbreak of any dangerous epidemic disease” and the
government is of the opinion that “the ordinary provisions of the law
for the time being in force are insufficient for the purpose”.
The law indeed gives wide powers to “take, or require or empower any
person to take, such measures and, by public notice, prescribe such
temporary regulations to be observed by, the public or by any person or
class of persons as it shall deem necessary to prevent the outbreak of
such disease or the spread thereof, and may determine in what manner and
by whom any expenses incurred (including compensation if any) shall be
defrayed.”
However, it does not provide that this power can be
used in violation of any existing law, much less a constitution which
was then not even in existence. Under our constitutional system, a law
born before our first Republic Day may be allowed to survive it provided
it passes the agni pariksha of the constitution. Till date, neither the
EDA nor measures taken under it have been subjected to that test. More
importantly, the Central government’s power under this law only seems to
be restricted to controlling the movement and detention of vessels at
ports.
What does the Disaster Management Act say?
The
second legislation, the DMA, is of 21st century vintage and mandates
setting up a three-tier Disaster Management Authority at the national,
state and district level to formulate a disaster plan for its level.
Section 11(3), DMA, sets out the aspects of such a plan. It is to deal
with measures to be taken in mitigation and to address preparedness and
capacity. Section 19 mandates the state authority to lay down guidelines
for providing standards of relief. Section 22(2)(h) permits the state
authority/executive committee to give directions to government
departments on actions to be taken in response to any threatening
disaster. Sections 24 and 34 empower the state executive committees and
the district authority to control or restrict the movement of vehicular
traffic or people from or within a vulnerable or affected area, and to
take any measures that may be warranted by such a situation. Also
directions can be given to government departments on taking such steps
and measures “for rescue, evacuation, providing immediate relief saving
lives.”
Section 30 replicates this model for the district level.
Section 34 empowers the district authority to “control and restrict
vehicular traffic”, as well as “recommend such measures as are
necessary.” Section 35 permits the Central government to take such
measures as (a) coordinate work between the various authorities and
government departments (b) deployment of forces and (c) other matters to
secure “effective implementation”. Section 36 creates a statutory
responsibility on all Central government departments to comply with the
directions of the national authority.
The DMA also requires all
government departments to formulate their own disaster management plans.
Section 47, DMA, empowers the Central government to constitute a
National Disaster Mitigation Fund. Section 50 authorises, in times of a
threatened disaster, the authorities to permit the administration to
procure without adherence to the usual tender procedure. Section 51 sets
an imprisonment term of one year (two years in the event of loss of
lives) for persons obstructing discharge of functions by any government
officer or employee. WhatsApp rumour mongers would be interested to know
that Section 54 prescribes a one-year penalty for spreading fake news
or false alarm. Section 56 even has a similar penalty for a government
servant who refuses to perform his duty. Section 61 is an important
provision which prohibits discrimination on grounds of sex, caste,
community, descent or religion in the matter of providing compensation
or relief to victims. Section 6 empowers the Central government to issue
binding directions to authorities and state governments. Lastly,
Section 72 gives this law an overriding effect.
Protection of states from ‘Internal Disturbance’
While considering the validity of the Armed Forces (Special Powers)
Act,1958 which conferred sweeping powers to the armed forces in
disturbed areas, the Supreme Court in Naga People’s Movement of Human
Rights v. Union of India held that:
“Reference in this context
may be made to Article 355 of the constitution whereunder a duty has
been imposed on the Union to protect every state against external
aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that the government of
every state is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the
Constitution. In view of the said provision, the Union government is
under an obligation to take steps to deal with a situation of internal
disturbance in a State… The provisions of the Central Act have been
enacted to enable the Central government to discharge the obligation
imposed on it under Article 355 of the constitution and to prevent the
situation arising due to internal disturbance assuming such seriousness
as to require invoking the drastic provisions of Article 356 of the
constitution.“
The Sarkaria Commission report has stated that
under Article 355, the Union can issue a wide array of directions,
without having to resort to invoking Article 352 (emergency) or Article
356 (president’s rule). In fact, the report cautions against a hasty
imposition of president’s rule by stipulating that the Union can also
act under Article 355 i.e. without imposing president’s rule. Article
355 can stand on its own. The report indicated that it should first be
ensured that the Union had done all that it could in discharge of its
duty under Article 355, that it had issued the necessary directions
under Articles 256-257 and that the state had failed to comply with or
give effect to the directions.
Orders passed on the Coronavirus
Coinciding with Murderer of democratic institutions (Modi)’s May 24
address to the nation which announced a four-hour lead time for bringing
the entire nation under ‘lockdown’ for 21 days, the National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA) issued social distancing guidelines on March
24 considering the “coronavirus pandemic” as a “disaster” within the
meaning of the DMA. The Union home secretary forwarded these lockdown
guidelines to the states and Union Territories by an order of the same
date.
The measures include the shutting of all non-essential
government establishments, all commercial and private establishments,
industries, transport by air, rail and road, hospitality services,
educational institutions, places of worship, political gatherings, etc.
Certain exceptions for medical staff, journalists, petrol pumps,
essential stores, etc have been provided for. The district collectors
are to be the “incident commanders” in each district who would also
decide on who should be issued exception passes. Downstream, in several
states, the competent authorities have issued orders under Section 144
of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, prohibiting more than five
people from assembling in public places.
Legality of national “house-arrest”
While four days’ lead time was given for the Janata Curfew, barely four
hours’ time was given to the crores of Indians to arrange their lives
and livelihoods in an orderly manner. The chaotic aftermath of the
national lockdown has been evidenced by heartwrenching scenes at railway
stations, inter-state bus terminals, state borders, labour markets etc.
where scores of people have been subjected to a period of enforced
unemployment while being marooned far away from the sanctuary of their
homes.
As per the 2011 Census, India has 41 million migrant
workers. Add to that domestic workers, daily wagers and construction
workers. Conceded, the prime minister, several chief ministers and
government advisories have exhorted employers not to deduct wages for
the period of the lockdown. However, without a guaranteed wage or some
minimum income or compensation, can the right to life, which includes
the right to livelihood of these hapless workers, be snuffed out simply
by falling back on Article 256 read with the DMA?
We have seen
how after the Janata government’s amendment, even if emergency is
formally promulgated, the right to life cannot be taken away. In the
present case, the emergency provisions have not even been invoked! If
the government can bypass the emergency provisions of the Constitution
and initiate such drastic steps, albeit with universal consent, one
might well ask whether such provisions – which not only specify the
manner in which fundamental rights may be suspended but also set out the
constitutional-legislative oversight over such suspension – have been
rendered completely meaningless.
While orders under Section 144,
CrPC restrict collective assembly, can the NDMA direct a “lockdown”
which draws the “lakhsman rekha” at the citizen’s door and compels her
into virtual imprisonment for 21 days? Is this not a virtual death
sentence to the daily wager, the street vendor, the migrant worker, the
small trader? Clause (a) and (e) of Article 39 require the government
to take steps to ensure that citizens have a right to adequate means of
livelihood, and citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter
avocations unsuited to them. These obligations are among the Directive
Principles of State Policy which are considered to be fundamental in the
governance of the country. The present lockdown would create conditions
that run contrary to these obligations. The choice between COVID-19 and
economic death is a hard one. The citizen, for howsoever noble a
motive, has been left deprived of even her right to chose. Risking
inevitable brickbats, I dare say that these were the very difficult
choices that required a balancing act – which, according to the leader
of one of our neighbouring countries, weighed on him in deciding against
an enforced shut down.
Section 144 CrPC as well the cognate
provisions in state police Acts (such as Section 30(3), Delhi Police
Act, 1978) usually prohibit assemblies. But the lockdown has taken the
‘Lakhsman Rekha’ to all our doorsteps. Again, returning to the
fundamental issue – without a declaration of emergency and, therefore,
with the right to movement and the right to livelihood still in
operation, is a “lock-down” constitutionally valid?
Conscious of
the counter arguments. When the very right to life of the nation is
imperilled, such constitutional arguments are heresy. After all, the
Doctrine of Necessity proclaims loud and clear that “Necessity knows no
law”.
For whatever it is worth, if we are willing to accept that
these unforeseen times are compelling us to act beyond the four corners
of our basic law, at the very least let us not lose focus on the
equally critical mandate of both the EDA as well as DMA – namely relief
and rehabilitation of the disaster affected, i.e. the poor and most
marginalised.
Also, while wholehearted support to the
administration in this hour of national crisis is the duty of every
Indian, it is equally important to keep flagging crucial issues – such
as, has the Disaster Fund mandated by the DMA been operationalised? Is
the process of disbursement of compensation under the EDA under
contemplation? I fear by our collective silence, we could well be sowing
the seeds of a tragedy of unimaginable proportions, which we will reap
for a long time.
Modi partnership with private and all opposition parties
must help Agriculture by spending the revenue proportionately and
latest farming implements to assist farmers. Farm & Ministry ust be a
community-supported agriculture organization, providing shares of their
harvest to members and neighbors weekly, and members encouraged to buy
and donate shares. Local poverty relief agencies distribute donations to
people in need in locations close to the farm. work to involve agro
ecology, experiential farm-based education, leadership formation and
national initiatives around temple-owned land stewardship.Grow food
using regenerative agriculture practices.
Members must buy
shares of their weekly harvest; approximately one quarter of their crops
must provided to a local poverty relief agency for distribution to
those in need. Also sponsor an heirloom wheat ministry, where community
members hand-plant and hand-harvest wheat for member temples to use in
communion bread.
But most important, their farm is a living laboratory – a
sacred space for the intentional exploration of our relationships to
the land, their neighbor gather regularly to plant and harvest together,
getting hands dirty as to rediscover the joy of hard work in community.
With absolute power on Legislature,
Executive, Judiciary, Chitpavan brahman knows how to keep the erstwhile untouchables under the clutch of untouchbilty!
Fighting Hunger with One Meal at a time bringing the tradition of Annadānam back through
Honest Voice of All Aboriginal Awakened Societies urge Murderer of
democratic institutions and Master of diluting institution (Modi) to
pass legislation that provides nutrition for vulnerable people.
The Awakened with Awareness faith calls to stand alongside women and
children around the world to provide leadership toward a well-nourished
world.
Use the Hunger Van Program and online process to see food
in edible containers reaches every home till the total curfew because
of COVID-19 is completely removed with revenue Murderer of democratic
institutions and Master of diluting institution (Modi) has received
Rs.15,51,004 crore during 2017-18 comprising Rs. 12,42,662 crore Tax
Revenue and Rs 12,82,857 crore up to January 2020. Tax revenue stood at
Rs 9,98,037 crore, while non-tax revenue stood at Rs 2,52,083 crore.
Non-debt capital receipts stood at Rs 32,737 crore, which includes Rs
18,351 crore of disinvestment proceeds that is in the hands of
foreigners from Bene Israel,Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western
Germany, Northern Europe, South,Russia,Hungary, etc,chitpavan brahmins
of Rakshasa Rowdy Swayam Sevaks (RSS) remotely controlling the own
mother’s flesh eaters, slaves, stooges, chamchas, chelas and bootlickers
of chitpavan brahmins Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths (BJP) full of
hatred, intolerance, anger, militancy, violent, number one terrorists of
the world, ever shooting, mob lunching, mentally retarded, lunatic
towards 99.9% All Aboriginal Awakened Societies including,
SC/STs/OBCs/Religious Minorities and even the non-chitpavan brahmins.
The entire revenue is now with the chitpavan brahmins. Instead of
creating a communal COVID-19 by the RSS/BJP more deadliest than the
COVID-19, it must be the honest voice of the 99.9% All Awakened
Opposition Parties to Educate, Organise and agitate through social media
on our revenue and to force Modi and the chitpavan brahmins to
distribute to the needy hungry masses by making use of the postal
department and those who were involved in census with their vans, trucks
and other vehicles and the IT department to serve food in edible packs
online.
Caste-COVID-19 - They have some connection!
COVID-19 forced people to under go curfew! Curfew forced people to see
Cinema to pass the time! Cinema forced people to follow Caste Culture
narrated in the picture! All the stories of Cinemas are the effect of
Caste System! This country is a land of Caste! Caste is a reality!
Caste has killed the progress of the country!
Caste benefits foreigners from Bene Israel chitpavan brahman of Rowdy
rakshasa swayam Sevaks (RSS) remotely controlling Murderer of
democratic institution and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) of
Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths (BJP) who are slaves, stooges, bootlickers,
chamchas, chelas and own mother’s flesh eaters supporting the
manusmriti which says that chitpavan brahmins are 1st rate athmas
(souls) , kshatriya & vaishya/ baniya, shudras as 2nd,3rd,4th rate
souls and the ati-shudras the SC/STs 9Untouchables as having no souls at
all. So that all sorts of atrocities can be committed on them. But the
Buddha never believed in any soul. he said all are equal. Therefore
Babasaheb Dr.B.R.Ambedkar made All Awakened Aboriginal Societies to
return back to their original home Buddhism.
Caste has degraded
85% comprising Shudras(BC/OBC), Untouchables(sc), Tribals(st) &
converted minorities (Muslims,Cristian, Sikhs,Lingayats, Buddhists etc)
called Mulnivasis as slaves & victimised them from basic rights!
In Any natural calamity whether drought, flood,epidemic, these
Mulnivasis would be the worst affected as dependents, they lack basic
facilities to face the crisis!
They are the last to employ & the first to fire!
Arogya Rakshakas of all living beings Health workers & the
Muncipalty workers are the best examples in the current scenario! So
Caste is a man made virus worst than any virus including COVID-19!
COVID-19 being a lab created virus may go shortly under the pressure of
curfew & public effort! But the most deadliest than COVID-19
virus called caste will remain to affect us very badly!
After
Independence no effort from the Govt to destroy Like COVID-19, Caste is
not visible to naked eye; it has to be faced to experience as it is
only a notion!
COVID-19 brought the system called “Social
Distancing” for its control to the world ! But for our country, it is
not new, as it is a phenomenon central to caste system! Social
distancing is otherwise a practice of Untouchability!
COVID-19
also separated people but again it is the main charecter of caste as
it’s main purpose is to bring separation in life! Only difference is
that the phenomenon of COVID-19 is temporary while that of caste is
permanent!
In fact, had there been no caste in our country, COVID-19 itself would
not have come to our country owing to its locational advantage in the
globe! It’s a problem of governance by the Murderer of democratic
institution (Modi) who gobbled the Master Key bt tampering the fraud
EVMs/VVPATs to and won elections!
Caste system does not allow good Governance!
Hence, to protect caste system, they first made the women as ‘Slave’
and assigned the responsibility of its propagation! Women as it’s
epicentre follows “Stri-Dharm, Pativrata, purity-pollution, patriarchy,
endogamy, etc to protect caste!
To support her, suitable Family
system, customs, traditions, community system, god’s & goddesses,
festivals, temples, marriage system, festivals, village system etc were
created! To maintain rather strengthen caste solidly &
permanently, Reservation system helped in addition to destroying
leadership among 85% through Chamchas (Agents) for the benefit of 15%!
At the same time, our country cinema came very handy to the
perpetrators of caste to make people , religious, emotional, casteists,
immoral , superstitious, blind followers,
supporters of violence, hate mongers, egoist, selfish, in violation of
all good precepts like killing, stealing, telling lies, sexual
misconduct, and consumption of alcoholic drinks and drugs etc !
The objective of country’s Cinemas/Serials is to inculcate the values
of caste & it’s culture among the educated & the illiterates in
the name of entertainment since, democracy, Republic, constitution,
would promote liberty, equality, fraternity, & justice!
Cinema normalised gundaism (street rowdiism), liquor culture, Violence,
rape, stone worship, caste traditions, Stri-Dharm(followers of
sati-savitri)etc as Indian Culture, !
Taking advantage of the
occasion, Ramayan & Mahabharat Epics whose owners are Valmiki, Vysa
SC/STs serials were started to produce RSS (Rowdy Rakshasa Swayam
Sevaks with ease!
So, COVID-19, Cinema & Caste is a deadly combination for Indians!
So Bahujans should shun Cinema & read Buddha, Basava, Periyar,
Phule & Ambedkar thoughts to consolidate their conviction to fight
the worst deadliest virus called ,”Caste”.
Otherwise, seeing country’s Cinema/serial or listening cinema or Bhakti songs means strengthening Caste System!
To fight COVID-19 both public & Govt have come together, but to
fight the worst virus called caste which has made our life miserable
only the 85% has to get ready since the 15% beneficiaries are rather
making all out effort to maintain the status quo.
“After COVID-19 let’s get ready to chase away Caste”
We are not keeping quite!
Fights are going on:
1. Categorisation
2. Touchable v/s Untouchable
Chitpavan brahman never wanted to give anything- dead against to any
concession to untouchables as they will lose free bonded labours! It
was Babsaheb’s greatness which fetched us so many safeguards!
Chitpavan brahman forced Narayan Guru through Gandhi, not to side with
Ambedkar to show Ezhavas of Kerala as untouchables before Franchise
committee during Round Table Conference so as to reduce the strength of
Untouchables to avoid any constitutional rights ! Chitpavan brahman may
add anybody and delete any body!
He will never give, but creates controversies, confusions, disputes so
that the castes quarrel among them selves based on egos! Meanwhile, reservation in employment punctured by privatisation!
To destroy Ambedkarim, he has to play so many dramas behind the screen
so that reservation beneficiaries fight for pittance among them selves
to lose political power!
Rise Against Hunger
COVID-19 has adversely affected the migrant population, Arogya Rakshakas of all living beings & other … kind and works
COVID-19 Curfew: Domestic Workers And A Class-Caste Divide.
A pandemic like COVID-19 comes with several collateral damages: so,
domestic workers like other vulnerable classes are at risk of being
dealt with disrespectful and discriminatory care at medical facilities
and police violence meted out to Curfew “violators”.
Aboriginal-caste and SC/ST identities have been historically viewed and
represented through the prism of upper-caste, especially chitpavan
brahminical purity-pollution and uncouth-refined standards. Since
applied science is an exercise in social habits and ritualistic
practices, the current hygiene protocol has inadvertently brought back
divisions anew on the lines of caste prejudices.
Provisions of
fixed working hours, paid and willing overtime work, paid annual and
causal leaves, respectful behaviour are equally important for their
work-life balance and self-esteem. If workers at formal workplaces are
entitled to “entertainment” and phone bill reimbursements, why not
domestic workers? For that their work needs to stop being trivialised.
In the time of COVID-19, several well-to-do people have taken to
posting pictures of cleaners, sweepers (Arogya rakshakas of all living
beings) and garbage, saluting the “#COVID-19warriors”
and urging people to stay put and bid time, because if “they” can that
too with a “cheerful smile”, why can’t we, right? Well, the class irony
couldn’t be far away: “They” have not chosen their profession.
Starvation,
Police Beatings and Covid-19: For Migrant Workers Stuck in Delhi, the
… people fear they along with their children and wives would die of
hunger. … hundreds of migrant workers at Mumbai’s Bandra … His
income was just enough for his family to last through the month.
COVID-19 curfew means no food or work for rural …
’Hunger
will kill us before coronavirus’, say Rohingya in India … “It has
been more than a month since I got my last salary. … but we don’t see
that it has been implemented yet, not even in the capital, New Delhi.
COVID-19. … Coronavirus Puts On Highway To Hunger: Despite Bumper ..
Modi’s poorly planned lockdown won’t save us from … Hunger
definitely
go a long way in reducing the transmission of the deadly virus.
…Modi’s Covid-19 lockdown speech shows he doesn’t learn from … At
this rate, more people might die of hunger than of coronavirus.
Spreading
of this deadly virus will be more dangerous than the current misery.
…Hunger. Just imagine, the majority of caste conscious mainland.
Share This!
https://theprint.in/opinion/the-road-ahead-for-liberals-is-tough-modis-thalis-were-a-loud-message/399773/
The road ahead for liberals is tough. Modi’s thalis were a loud message
The liberal 99.9% All Aboriginal Awakened Societies i.e., Sarvajan Samaj including SC(including Safai workers who are real Arogya Rakshakas Health Protectors) of all living beings))/STs/OBCs/Religious Minorities and even the poor non-chitpavan brahmins story is still worth pursuing. But liberals would do well to
remember that it is just one more story competing with many others.
These are tough times for liberal Prabuddha Bharat. More so if you are cursed with a sense of aesthetics. The Murderer of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the fraud EVMs/VVPATs and won elections remotely controlled by just 0.1% intolerant, violent, ever shooting, mob lynching, number one terrorists of the world, lunatic, mentally retarded foreigners thrown out from Bene Israel Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Germany, Northern Europe, South,Russia,Hungary, etc,chitpavan brahmins of Rakshasa Rowdy Swayam Sevaks (RSS) remotely controlling the own mother’s flesh eaters, slaves, stooges, chamchas, chelas and bootlickers of chitpavan brahmins Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths (BJP) full of hatred, intolerance, anger, militancy, violent, number one terrorists of the world, ever shooting, mob lunching, mentally retarded, lunatic towards 99.9% All Aboriginal Awakened Societies including,
SC(including Safai workers who are real Arogya Rakshakas Health Protectors)/STs/OBCs/Religious Minorities and even the non-chitpavan brahmins, asked people to bang thalis in appreciation of the doctors and others fighting the COVID-19 pandemic — after ensuring in February that crucial medical equipment was not reserved for medical personnel and patients.
The liberal edifice is falling to pieces. Instead of a free press,
we now have a free-for-all press. The former Chief Justice of India
Ranjan Gogoi accepted the Modi’s nomination to the Rajya
Sabha soon after his retirement, when the memory of his judicial views in favour of Modi’s in several critical matters was still fresh
in people’s mind. The constitutional value of the ‘separation of powers’ has seldom looked shakier.
The economy lies in tatters.
Communal riots last for days but no heads roll. There is no
opposition and no respite from the Modi’s overbearing manner.
In this mix drops a virus, and it soon acquires a communal colour.
Liberalism has hardly had it so bad in independent Prabuddha Bharat.
Reasons for people rushing to bang the thalis, is that they think
“Modi is winning. Why should he be complaining? Or bothering with usual suspects accusing him of infantilising his voters when they are happy being just that because of the fraud EVMs/VVPATs: Obedient infants?”
Following instructions to bang thalis. However, over the past six years, this complaint has become common and more frequent among the liberals.
Earlier, ordinary voter was wise and took correct decisions at crucial moments of history such as in 1977, 1984 and 1991.
Why this about-turn?
That is because of the fraud EVMs/VVPATs, but not the Ballot Papers.
So Poke fun at taali, thaali, diya and mombatti all you want. Modi couldn’t care less.
Liberal democracy is premised on individual free will to make a choice.
Philosophers have long contested the idea of free will and rational
choice.
Traditional Western philosophy had the contesting idea of
determinism which meant, contrary to free will, events were guided by
pre-existing causes. Indian philosophy had a similar theory of
Prarabhda. However, the political advance of liberalism/humanism was so powerful in the last century that these contesting ideas were eclipsed by the idea of free will.
Liberal democracies across the world have been bleeding in the past decade. The liberal order is turning upside down, institutions are being torn apart. But even before the likes of Modi, Trump and Erdogan appeared on the political stage, modern philosophers like John Gray had challenged the idea of free will. It is also being challenged by psychologists and neuroscientists. Even if there is free will, its direction can be manipulated, especially by big data, TV channels etc.
Therefore, the voter’s inability or reluctance to exercise rational choice based on the contested idea of free will is a very tenuous link to reach an even more unsustainable conclusion of the infancy of the voter.
We need other tools to understand voter’s/citizen’s behaviour. One way to examine this behaviour, especially in the era of populist leaders, is the concept of Maya, or illusion, which can be magnified manifold by the information technology revolution. We can understand electoral politicsas a battle of images, perception and theatre.
New tech, no alternative story
Electoral politics always had a strong element of theatre. But new technological tools such as WhatsApp, Facebook and Twitter are allowing Modi to give the voters a lot of new messages, images, sensations on a regular basis and generate favourable responses. We need to closely scrutinise the connection between WhatsApp revolution engendered by cheap Jio data and the 2019 Lok Sabha election victory or banging of thalis. Facebook, internet and compliant news channels have made electoral politics in the country overwhelmingly theatrical.
And there is no viable alternative story. The Congress party, a network of patronage and power, in the absence of those, is simply withering away. Other parties modelled on the Congress system are following suit. Arvind Kejriwal has been able to stand up to Modi possibly because he can match Modi in theatrics and in the use of new technology as all of their bosses are chitpavan brahmin birds of the same feather flock together.
Further, new technology has disturbed the traditional way of life of the voter at an unprecedented pace. The voter might be clinging to Modi simply because he presents an image – rather the illusion – that the commonly held notions about the Indian tradition will be preserved.
That’s what banging of thalis and lighting of diyas do
Liberal elite lost control
The rapid technological disruption was preceded by six decades of
reconstruction of all major identities by the liberal method: caste,
religion, family and gender. This reconstruction changed power relations in a short span of time. The debate over the merits of these changes isa separate matter. But these changes have produced anxieties in the certain sections of society, which Modi could be tapping into (Stealth Shadowy hindutva cult)even while benefiting from those changes (OBC-Mandal).
The liberals enjoyed immense authority to produce these changes with support from the Constitutional system structures. They drew their power from the control over all institutions of production of knowledge such as universities, research institutions and the courts.
These were controlled through the English language, which was the preserve of a tiny liberal elite to a large extent. This language was alien to the large swathes of masses whose allegiance Modi, a native Gujarati, commands in Hindi.
The English language, in the hands of English-speaking liberal elite, became a powerful source of discrimination against people who could not speak English and led to deprivation of opportunities for them. At its best, the English-speaking liberal elite was a benign alien force for them; at its worst, a hostile coloniser of thought and mind.
After the collapse of the Constitutional power network, this English-speaking liberal elite has no emotional and cultural connection with the social milieu where Modi is worshiped, even though he has hardly done anything to change those power relations. Modi has simply changed the packaging. Goods come from the same factories. Modi has just changed the labels to Hindi and has swayed the people — just like how he borrowed talis from Italy, added his thali and crowd-sourced a blockbuster.
The liberal story was a good story and is still worth pursuing. But let us not have illusions of the universality or truth of its values. It is one more story competing in the arena with many others. It is hard work ahead, especially for the liberal elite who may have to give up their privileges (or get co-opted), shed the baggage of English language. A good start can be made by making a resolve: “Thou shall never declare the ordinary mass of people infants, howsoever uncomfortable they may be for you.” Because if we look deeper, then we will find many reasons for the way they behave, opening new ways of engagement.New tech, no alternative story
Electoral politics always had a strong element of theatre. But new technological tools such as WhatsApp, Facebook and Twitter are allowing Modi to give the voters a lot of new messages, images, sensations on a regular basis and generate favourable responses. We need to closely scrutinise the connection between WhatsApp revolution engendered by cheap Jio data and the 2019 Lok Sabha election victory or banging of thalis. Facebook, internet and compliant news channels have made electoral politics in the country overwhelmingly theatrical.
And there is no viable alternative story. The Congress party, a network of patronage and power, in the absence of those, is simply withering away. Other parties modelled on the Congress system are following suit. Arvind Kejriwal has been able to stand up to Modi possibly because he can match Modi in theatrics and in the use of new technology as all of their bosses are chitpavan brahmin birds of the same feather flock together.
Further, new technology has disturbed the traditional way of life of the voter at an unprecedented pace. The voter might be clinging to Modi simply because he presents an image – rather the illusion – that the commonly held notions about the Indian tradition will be preserved.
That’s what banging of thalis and lighting of diyas do
Liberal elite lost control
The rapid technological disruption was preceded by six decades of
reconstruction of all major identities by the liberal method: caste,
religion, family and gender. This reconstruction changed power relations in a short span of time. The debate over the merits of these changes isa separate matter. But these changes have produced anxieties in the certain sections of society, which Modi could be tapping into (Stealth Shadowy hindutva cult)even while benefiting from those changes (OBC-Mandal).
The liberals enjoyed immense authority to produce these changes with support from the Constitutional system structures. They drew their power from the control over all institutions of production of knowledge such as universities, research institutions and the courts.
These were controlled through the English language, which was the preserve of a tiny liberal elite to a large extent. This language was alien to the large swathes of masses whose allegiance Modi, a native Gujarati, commands in Hindi.
The English language, in the hands of English-speaking liberal elite, became a powerful source of discrimination against people who could not speak English and led to deprivation of opportunities for them. At its best, the English-speaking liberal elite was a benign alien force for them; at its worst, a hostile coloniser of thought and mind.
After the collapse of the Constitutional power network, this English-speaking liberal elite has no emotional and cultural connection with the social milieu where Modi is worshiped, even though he has hardly done anything to change those power relations. Modi has simply changed the packaging. Goods come from the same factories. Modi has just changed the labels to Hindi and has swayed the people — just like how he borrowed talis from Italy, added his thali and crowd-sourced a blockbuster.
The liberal story was a good story and is still worth pursuing. But let us not have illusions of the universality or truth of its values. It is one more story competing in the arena with many others. It is hard work ahead, especially for the liberal elite who may have to give up their privileges (or get co-opted), shed the baggage of English language. A good start can be made by making a resolve: “Thou shall never declare the ordinary mass of people infants, howsoever uncomfortable they may be for you.” Because if we look deeper, then we will find many reasons for the way they behave, opening new ways of engagement.
Patanjali Ayurved pledged its entire shareholding in Ruchi Soya Industries to SBICAP Trustee for the Rs 4,000 crore loan, according to a filing on the exchanges.
https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=701663
The others in this category include: Kudos Chemie, Punjab (Rs.2,326 crore), Baba Ramdev and …
BUSINESS
RBI writes off over Rs 68K cr. loans, Choksi among 50 top wilful defaulters: RTI
Mon, Apr 27 2020 06:22:59 PM
Mumbai,
Apr 27 (IANS): The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has admitted to writing off a staggering amount of Rs 68,607-crores due from 50 Top Wilful Defaulters, including absconding diamantaire Mehul Choksi, according to a reply under RTI.
Prominent RTI activist Saket Gokhale had filed an RTI query seeking details of the 50 Top Wilful Defaulters and their current loans status till February 16.
“I filed this RTI because Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and Minister of State for Finance Anurag Thakur, but they had refused to reply to this starred question asked in parliament by Congress MP Rahul Gandhi, in the last budget session, on Feb 16, 2020,” Gokhale told IANS.
Disclosing what the government didn’t, the RBI’s Central Public Information Officer Abhay Kumar provided the replies on Saturday (April 24), with several startling revelations in the ‘diamond-studded list’, said Gokhale.
The RBI said that this amount (Rs 68,607-crore) comprising outstanding and the amounts technically/prudentially Written Off, till September 30, 2019.
“The apex bank also declined to provide the relevant information on overseas borrowers citing a Supreme Court judgement of December 16, 2015,” Gokhale told IANS.
Topping the list is Choksi’s scam-hit company, Gitanjali Gems Limited which owed Rs.5,492 crore, besides other group companies, Gili India Ltd. and Nakshatra Brands Ltd. which had taken loans of Rs 1,447 crore and Rs 1,109 crore, respectively.
Choksi is currently a citizen of Antigua & Barbados Isles, while his nephew and another absconder diamond trader Nirav Modi is in London.
The second in the list is REI Agro Ltd., with an amount of Rs 4,314 crores, and its directors Sandip Jhujhunwala and Sanjay Jhunjhunwala who are already under the scanner of the
Enforcement Directorate (ED) since over a year.
The next on the list in the Rs 4,000-crore bracket is absconding diamantaire Jatin Mehta’s Winsome Diamonds & Jewellery owing Rs 4,076 crore and which is being probed by the Central Bureau of Investigation for various bank frands.
In the Rs 2,000-crore category, there is the Kanpur-based
writing instruments giant, Rotomac Global Pvt. Ltd., part of the famed
Kothari group, which owed Rs 2,850 crore.
The others in this category include: Kudos Chemie, Punjab (Rs.2,326 crore), Baba Ramdev and Balkrishna’s group company Ruchi Soya Industries Ltd., Indore (Rs.2,212 crore), and Zoom Developers Pvt. Ltd., Gwalior (Rs.2,012 crore).
There are 18 companies in the Rs.1K-segment with some prominent names like Harish R. Mehta’s Ahmedabad-based Forever Precious Jewellery & Diamonds Pvt. Ltd. (Rs.,1962 crore), and absconder liquor baron Vijay Mallya’s defunct Kingfisher Airlines Ltd. (Rs 1,943 crore).
Another 25 companies fall in the sub-1K-crore category with outstandings ranging from Rs 605 crore to Rs 984 crore, either individually or as group companies.
Six among the 50 Top Wilful Defaulters are connected with the glittering diamond and/or gold jewellery industries.
“A majority of them have defaulted prominent nationalist banks over the past several years and many of them are either absconding or facing action by various probe agencies and some are under litigation,” Gokhale said.
No industry is sacrosanct as the top 50 willful defaulters
are spread across various sectors of the economy including IT,
infrastructure, power, gold-diamond jewellery, pharma, etc.
“wilful defaulters, bad loans and write-offs”
Reserve Bank of India released a list of 50 wilful defaulters accused of cheating banks whose loans were written off.
Between 2009-10 and 2013-14, scheduled commercial banks had written off Rs 1,45,226.00 crore.
https://m.businesstoday.in/story/bjp-govt-waived-rs-68607-crore-of-bank-loan-defaulters-alleges-congress/1/402270.html
https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/news/business/rbi-writes-off-over-rs-68k-crore-loans-mehul-choksi-among-50-top-wilful-defaulters-rti/articleshow/75408573.cms
https://news.abplive.com/news/banks-write-off-over-rs-68000-crore-loans-choksi-mallya-among-50-top-wilful-defaulters-1207859
https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/economy/rbi-writes-off-loans-worth-rs-68000cr-wilful-defaulters-include-mallya-choksi-5197751.html
04/28/20
LESSONS 3349 Wed 29 Apr 2020 29) Classical English,Roman Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING from KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT! Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice. Say YES to Paper Ballots NO to EVMs/VVPATs to save Democracy, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for the welfare, happiness and peace for all Awakened aboriginal societies. is the HONEST VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (HVoAAAS) Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist) All Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch) Awakened One with Awareness the Buddha said that “hunger is the worst kind of illness. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Recovered:953,321Last updated: April 29, 2020, 00:35 GMT Graphs - Countries - Death Rate - Symptoms - Incubation - Transmission - NewsCoronavirus Cases:3,136,543 Deaths:217,8137,780,941,954 Current World Population Recovered from COVID-919,746 May all 7,780,941,954 Current World Population Recovered from COVID-919,746 surviving world population be ever happy, well and secure! May all live long! May all be calm, quiet, alert, attentive, and have equanimity mind with a clear understanding that everything is changing !along with The most dreadded, deadliest virous than COVID-19 HUNGER created by foreigners from Bene Israel, Tibet, Africa, chitpavan brahmins of Rowdy rakshasa Swayam Sevaks (RSS) remotely controlling Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths (BJP) headed by their slave, stooge, bootlicker, own mother’s flesh eater, chamcha, chela casteist the Murderer of democratic institutions (Modi)
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LESSONS 3349 Wed 29 Apr 2020
29) Classical English,Roman
Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING
from
KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT!
Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice. Say YES to Paper Ballots
NO
to EVMs/VVPATs to save Democracy, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for
the welfare, happiness and peace for all Awakened aboriginal societies.
is the
HONEST VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (HVoAAAS)
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)
All
Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha
Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch) Awakened One
with Awareness the Buddha said that “hunger is the worst kind of
illness.
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
COVID-19
Coronavirus Pandemic Recovered:953,321Last updated: April 29, 2020,
00:35 GMT Graphs - Countries - Death Rate - Symptoms - Incubation -
Transmission - NewsCoronavirus Cases:3,136,543
Deaths:217,8137,780,941,954 Current World Population
Recovered from COVID-919,746
May all
7,780,941,954 Current World Population
Recovered from COVID-919,746 surviving world population be ever happy, well and secure!
May all live long!
May
all be calm, quiet, alert, attentive, and have equanimity mind with a
clear understanding that everything is changing !along with
The most
dreadded, deadliest virous than COVID-19 HUNGER created by foreigners
thrown out from Bene Israel,Tibet, Africa,Eastern Europe, Western
Germany, Northern Europe, South,Russia,Hungary, etc,
chitpavan
brahmins of Rowdy rakshasa Swayam Sevaks (RSS) remotely controlling
Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths (BJP) headed by their slave, stooge,
bootlicker, own mother’s flesh eater, chamcha, chela casteist the
Murderer of democratic institutions (Modi)
COVID-19 Coronavirus
PandemicLast updated: April 27, 2020, 23:16 GMT Graphs - Countries -
Death Rate - Symptoms - Incubation - Transmission - News
Coronavirus Cases:3,059,081
Deaths:211,202
Coronavirus Updates
World Population
7,780,942,241Current World Population
45,768,649Births this year 96,754Births today
19,214,776Deaths this year
40,620Deaths today 26,553,874Net population growth this year
56,134Net population growth today
Government & Economics
$
3,787,134,129Public Healthcare expenditure today $ 2,592,495,744Public
Education expenditure today $ 1,182,065,192Public Military expenditure
today
25,641,092Cars produced this year
49,168,558Bicycles produced this year 81,964,563Computers produced this year
Society & Media
874,052New book titles published this year
120,179,582Newspapers circulated today
168,255TV sets sold worldwide today 1,630,945Cellular phones sold today
$ 73,164,825Money spent on videogames today
4,544,686,041Internet users in the world today
65,794,304,703Emails sent today
1,717,392Blog posts written today 194,886,253Tweets sent today
1,794,552,970Google searches today
Environment
1,699,028Forest loss this year (hectares)
2,287,351Land lost to soil erosion this year (ha)
11,807,343,074CO2 emissions this year (tons) 3,920,437Desertification this year (hectares)
3,199,200 Toxic chemicals released
in the environment this year (tons)
Food
842,621,396Undernourished people in the world 1,692,481,338Overweight people in the world
755,498,854Obese people in the world
7,724People who died of hunger today
$ 145,291,109Money spent for obesity related
diseases in the USA today
$ 47,744,373Money spent on weight loss
programs in the USA today
Water
1,421,575,893Water used this year (million L)
275,100Deaths caused by water related
diseases this year
801,558,779People with no access to
a safe drinking water source
Energy
117,879,811Energy used today (MWh), of which:
100,345,952- from non-renewable sources (MWh)
17,751,671- from renewable sources (MWh)
738,640,755,518 Solar energy striking Earth today (MWh) 24,177,123Oil pumped today (barrels)
1,510,373,576,315Oil left (barrels)
15,751Days to the end of oil (~43 years) 1,096,239,308,026Natural Gas left (boe)
57,697Days to the end of natural gas
4,317,092,761,349Coal left (boe)
148,865Days to the end of coal
Health
4,240,872Communicable disease deaths this year 158,954Seasonal flu deaths this year
2,483,115Deaths of children under 5 this year 13,887,931Abortions this year
100,973Deaths of mothers during birth this year
41,749,108HIV/AIDS infected people
549,170Deaths caused by HIV/AIDS this year
2,683,000Deaths caused by cancer this year
320,435Deaths caused by malaria this year
3,822,904,133Cigarettes smoked today
1,633,086Deaths caused by smoking this year 817,058Deaths caused by alcohol this year
350,315Suicides this year $ 130,688,087,039Money spent on illegal drugs this year
440,985Road traffic accident fatalities this year
The world will be happy if the secret as to how and with what vaccineor
medicine have they been cured which has to be published.This will save
treatment cost of Rs 7.5 Lakhs in Government and Rs.15 lakhs in Private
Hospitals. All Governments and their trusts formed for COVID-19 must and
should pay the Hospital charges and provide online food and shelter for
migrantworkers by distributing the wealth of the countries equally among
all sections of the societies for their welfare, happiness and peace as a
choice is between starvation and infection and for them to attain
Eternal Bliss as Final Goal.
Fear What do Awakened One with Awareness
quotes teach us about fear?
Trade your fear for freedom.
“Even death is
not to be feared by one who has lived wisely.”
“The whole secret of
existence is to have no fear.
Never fear what will become of you, depend
on no one. Only the moment you reject all help are you freed.”
“When one
has the feeling of dislike for evil, when one feels tranquil, one finds
pleasure in listening to good teachings; when one has these feelings and
appreciates them, one is free of fear.
”Pain is a Gift
Instead of avoiding it,
Learn to embrace it.
Without pain,
there is no growth
what is gained by practicing concentration.reply is, “Nothing!”
“However ,
what is lost is
Anger,Anxiety,Depression,Insecurity,Fear of Old Age and Death.
”The
right to life, meaningless without the right to livelihood, has been
suspended by invoking the Disaster Management Act which does not empower
the kind of sweeping restrictions now in place
https://thewire.in/…/is-the-national-lockdown-in-india-cons…
National Curfew is not Constitutionally Valid.
Even if we are compelled to act beyond the four corners of our basic
law, let us not lose focus on the equally critical mandate of the
Disaster Management Act – namely, relief and rehabilitation of the
disaster affected, i.e. the poor and marginalised.
First, this
is a sequel as the constitutional scheme to address an epidemic like the
one at hand. Second, there is no reason for alarm. Even if you were to
conclude that all that is being done to protect you may not be
legitimate, the chance of a constitutional court being vexed with these
questions is as remote as you deciding upon Wuhan as your first vacation
destination post Curfew. In fact, our constitutional courts, even the
video-conference versions of them, have almost folded up in the wake of
this unimaginable national crisis.
Mila Versteeg, professor of
law at the University of Virginia, writes in The Atlantic that while the
constitutional validity of the lockdown in the United States is
doubtful, it has bipartisan support and people, scared out of their
wits, are also willing to voluntarily sacrifice their rights. This is
not a new phenomenon. Many would remember how, in the wake of the
felling of the World Trade Centre, America, the land of liberty,
voluntarily accepted the draconian Patriot Act for the sake of homeland
security. Therefore, even presuming that none of the parties in India –
the Centre, the states or the people – have any objection to the virtual
house arrest of the entire nation, should that hinder us from examining
whether such a course is constitutionally kosher?Original emergency
provisions and Indira’s misuse
Before it was amended in 1978,
Article 352 of the Indian constitution permitted the declaration of an
emergency on three grounds – war, external aggression and internal
disturbance. For mysterious reasons, the emergency imposed by Indira
Gandhi during the Bangladesh War in 1971 had not been rescinded even as
on that summer day in June 1975 when the Supreme Court vacation single
judge V.R. Krishna Iyer, heard Nani Palkhivala for a whole day in a
packed courtroom. It was a challenge by Indira Gandhi to the Allahabad
high court verdict setting aside her election and unseating her as prime
minister. Justice Iyer did not grant a blanket stay that day. He merely
allowed Mrs Gandhi to participate in the house but not vote. The
emergency that followed at midnight was invoked on the grounds of
“internal disturbance” – one of the three permissible grounds.
The constitution is silent on whether, while an emergency declaration is
already in force (with the exception of a separate kind of emergency,
namely Financial Emergency under Article 360), another can or is at all
required to be promulgated.Then came the infamous ADM Jabalpur case. As
overnight most opposition leaders were arrested, many of them
successfully secured habeas corpus release orders from various high
courts. These cases landed up before a constitution bench of the Supreme
Court. Attorney General Niren De reportedly was not keen to defend the
stand of the Indira government that during an emergency even the right
to life could be suspended. It is said that oblique hints at revocation
of the residency rights of his British wife were also instrumental in
ensuring De’s appearance in court.
He later claimed that he
tried his best to shock the judges into reason, arguing the proposition
that during an emergency even if a person were to be killed by the
security forces in the presence of the justices, they would remain
helpless. Sadly, the majority judges did not bite the bait but timidly
concurred. Justice Khanna penned his famous dissent, arguing that the
right to life was a natural law right and the remedy of habeas corpus
preceded the constitution. Therefore, the right to life and the remedy
of moving a habeas corpus petition in court for release against illegal
detention could not even be suspended during emergency. But he was the
sole voice of reason and the majority opinion prevailed.
Janata’s constitutional purge and the new legal regime
For all the brouhaha made by the court in recent times of burying ADM
Jabalpur six feet under, the Janata Party government had done that
already in 1978 through the 44th constitutional amendment. Not only did
Morarji Desai’s government substitute “internal disturbance” with
“armed rebellion” but it also clarified in Article 359 that the right to
life (Article 21) and the right against double jeopardy and self
incrimination (Article 20) could not be suspended even during an
emergency.
Under the constitution, it is during the period of
emergency that the niceties of separation of powers between the three
wings of government, as well as the division of powers between the
Centre and the states are legally permitted to be blurred. The
constitution, upon promulgation of emergency, permits the Centre not
only to give executive directions to the states but also to the
legislature in matters such as public health, law and order and police,
which are otherwise state subjects with only a limited role for the
Centre.
Even during normal times, Article 256 stipulates that the
Centre can give directions on how to implement laws made by parliament.
Article 257 states that the executive power of the states should be
exercised in a manner that does not “impede or prejudice” the executive
power of the Centre. The Centre is also permitted to issue directions to
the states towards this end. Article 355 (which the Janata Party
perhaps forgot to amend when it purged our constitution of ‘internal
disturbances’) enforces a constitutional duty on the Union to protect
the states against “external aggression’ as well as “internal
disturbances”.
While indisputably the ‘coronavirus pandemic’
would qualify as a situation of ‘internal disturbance’, it certainly
cannot be covered by any of the three existing grounds in Article 352
which would permit the Central government to declare an emergency,
suspend fundamental rights, including Article 19 which protects the
basic freedoms of citizens, and control the executive and legislative
functions of the states.
Two centuries, two statutes
Under
this constitutional framework, two laws provide the Centre and the
states the statutory basis for acting against the Coronavirus. They are
the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 (EDA) and the Disaster Management Act,
2005 (DMA). The case of the government perhaps is that these two laws
arm it with sufficient powers and there is no necessity to fall back on
the “emergency provisions” of the constitution. This warrants a closer
examination of these two laws.
The EDA is of 19th century
vintage, enacted by a colonial power with a ruthless administrative
apparatus uncontrolled by a constitution based on fundamental individual
rights. A closer look would indicate that even this law is intended to
address a situation when a “state or any part thereof is visited by, or
threatened with, an outbreak of any dangerous epidemic disease” and the
government is of the opinion that “the ordinary provisions of the law
for the time being in force are insufficient for the purpose”.
The law indeed gives wide powers to “take, or require or empower any
person to take, such measures and, by public notice, prescribe such
temporary regulations to be observed by, the public or by any person or
class of persons as it shall deem necessary to prevent the outbreak of
such disease or the spread thereof, and may determine in what manner and
by whom any expenses incurred (including compensation if any) shall be
defrayed.”
However, it does not provide that this power can be
used in violation of any existing law, much less a constitution which
was then not even in existence. Under our constitutional system, a law
born before our first Republic Day may be allowed to survive it provided
it passes the agni pariksha of the constitution. Till date, neither the
EDA nor measures taken under it have been subjected to that test. More
importantly, the Central government’s power under this law only seems to
be restricted to controlling the movement and detention of vessels at
ports.
What does the Disaster Management Act say?
The
second legislation, the DMA, is of 21st century vintage and mandates
setting up a three-tier Disaster Management Authority at the national,
state and district level to formulate a disaster plan for its level.
Section 11(3), DMA, sets out the aspects of such a plan. It is to deal
with measures to be taken in mitigation and to address preparedness and
capacity. Section 19 mandates the state authority to lay down guidelines
for providing standards of relief. Section 22(2)(h) permits the state
authority/executive committee to give directions to government
departments on actions to be taken in response to any threatening
disaster. Sections 24 and 34 empower the state executive committees and
the district authority to control or restrict the movement of vehicular
traffic or people from or within a vulnerable or affected area, and to
take any measures that may be warranted by such a situation. Also
directions can be given to government departments on taking such steps
and measures “for rescue, evacuation, providing immediate relief saving
lives.”
Section 30 replicates this model for the district level.
Section 34 empowers the district authority to “control and restrict
vehicular traffic”, as well as “recommend such measures as are
necessary.” Section 35 permits the Central government to take such
measures as (a) coordinate work between the various authorities and
government departments (b) deployment of forces and (c) other matters to
secure “effective implementation”. Section 36 creates a statutory
responsibility on all Central government departments to comply with the
directions of the national authority.
The DMA also requires all
government departments to formulate their own disaster management plans.
Section 47, DMA, empowers the Central government to constitute a
National Disaster Mitigation Fund. Section 50 authorises, in times of a
threatened disaster, the authorities to permit the administration to
procure without adherence to the usual tender procedure. Section 51 sets
an imprisonment term of one year (two years in the event of loss of
lives) for persons obstructing discharge of functions by any government
officer or employee. WhatsApp rumour mongers would be interested to know
that Section 54 prescribes a one-year penalty for spreading fake news
or false alarm. Section 56 even has a similar penalty for a government
servant who refuses to perform his duty. Section 61 is an important
provision which prohibits discrimination on grounds of sex, caste,
community, descent or religion in the matter of providing compensation
or relief to victims. Section 6 empowers the Central government to issue
binding directions to authorities and state governments. Lastly,
Section 72 gives this law an overriding effect.
Protection of states from ‘Internal Disturbance’
While considering the validity of the Armed Forces (Special Powers)
Act,1958 which conferred sweeping powers to the armed forces in
disturbed areas, the Supreme Court in Naga People’s Movement of Human
Rights v. Union of India held that:
“Reference in this context
may be made to Article 355 of the constitution whereunder a duty has
been imposed on the Union to protect every state against external
aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that the government of
every state is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the
Constitution. In view of the said provision, the Union government is
under an obligation to take steps to deal with a situation of internal
disturbance in a State… The provisions of the Central Act have been
enacted to enable the Central government to discharge the obligation
imposed on it under Article 355 of the constitution and to prevent the
situation arising due to internal disturbance assuming such seriousness
as to require invoking the drastic provisions of Article 356 of the
constitution.“
The Sarkaria Commission report has stated that
under Article 355, the Union can issue a wide array of directions,
without having to resort to invoking Article 352 (emergency) or Article
356 (president’s rule). In fact, the report cautions against a hasty
imposition of president’s rule by stipulating that the Union can also
act under Article 355 i.e. without imposing president’s rule. Article
355 can stand on its own. The report indicated that it should first be
ensured that the Union had done all that it could in discharge of its
duty under Article 355, that it had issued the necessary directions
under Articles 256-257 and that the state had failed to comply with or
give effect to the directions.
Orders passed on the Coronavirus
Coinciding with Murderer of democratic institutions (Modi)’s May 24
address to the nation which announced a four-hour lead time for bringing
the entire nation under ‘lockdown’ for 21 days, the National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA) issued social distancing guidelines on March
24 considering the “coronavirus pandemic” as a “disaster” within the
meaning of the DMA. The Union home secretary forwarded these lockdown
guidelines to the states and Union Territories by an order of the same
date.
The measures include the shutting of all non-essential
government establishments, all commercial and private establishments,
industries, transport by air, rail and road, hospitality services,
educational institutions, places of worship, political gatherings, etc.
Certain exceptions for medical staff, journalists, petrol pumps,
essential stores, etc have been provided for. The district collectors
are to be the “incident commanders” in each district who would also
decide on who should be issued exception passes. Downstream, in several
states, the competent authorities have issued orders under Section 144
of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, prohibiting more than five
people from assembling in public places.
Legality of national “house-arrest”
While four days’ lead time was given for the Janata Curfew, barely four
hours’ time was given to the crores of Indians to arrange their lives
and livelihoods in an orderly manner. The chaotic aftermath of the
national lockdown has been evidenced by heartwrenching scenes at railway
stations, inter-state bus terminals, state borders, labour markets etc.
where scores of people have been subjected to a period of enforced
unemployment while being marooned far away from the sanctuary of their
homes.
As per the 2011 Census, India has 41 million migrant
workers. Add to that domestic workers, daily wagers and construction
workers. Conceded, the prime minister, several chief ministers and
government advisories have exhorted employers not to deduct wages for
the period of the lockdown. However, without a guaranteed wage or some
minimum income or compensation, can the right to life, which includes
the right to livelihood of these hapless workers, be snuffed out simply
by falling back on Article 256 read with the DMA?
We have seen
how after the Janata government’s amendment, even if emergency is
formally promulgated, the right to life cannot be taken away. In the
present case, the emergency provisions have not even been invoked! If
the government can bypass the emergency provisions of the Constitution
and initiate such drastic steps, albeit with universal consent, one
might well ask whether such provisions – which not only specify the
manner in which fundamental rights may be suspended but also set out the
constitutional-legislative oversight over such suspension – have been
rendered completely meaningless.
While orders under Section 144,
CrPC restrict collective assembly, can the NDMA direct a “lockdown”
which draws the “lakhsman rekha” at the citizen’s door and compels her
into virtual imprisonment for 21 days? Is this not a virtual death
sentence to the daily wager, the street vendor, the migrant worker, the
small trader? Clause (a) and (e) of Article 39 require the government
to take steps to ensure that citizens have a right to adequate means of
livelihood, and citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter
avocations unsuited to them. These obligations are among the Directive
Principles of State Policy which are considered to be fundamental in the
governance of the country. The present lockdown would create conditions
that run contrary to these obligations. The choice between COVID-19 and
economic death is a hard one. The citizen, for howsoever noble a
motive, has been left deprived of even her right to chose. Risking
inevitable brickbats, I dare say that these were the very difficult
choices that required a balancing act – which, according to the leader
of one of our neighbouring countries, weighed on him in deciding against
an enforced shut down.
Section 144 CrPC as well the cognate
provisions in state police Acts (such as Section 30(3), Delhi Police
Act, 1978) usually prohibit assemblies. But the lockdown has taken the
‘Lakhsman Rekha’ to all our doorsteps. Again, returning to the
fundamental issue – without a declaration of emergency and, therefore,
with the right to movement and the right to livelihood still in
operation, is a “lock-down” constitutionally valid?
Conscious of
the counter arguments. When the very right to life of the nation is
imperilled, such constitutional arguments are heresy. After all, the
Doctrine of Necessity proclaims loud and clear that “Necessity knows no
law”.
For whatever it is worth, if we are willing to accept that
these unforeseen times are compelling us to act beyond the four corners
of our basic law, at the very least let us not lose focus on the
equally critical mandate of both the EDA as well as DMA – namely relief
and rehabilitation of the disaster affected, i.e. the poor and most
marginalised.
Also, while wholehearted support to the
administration in this hour of national crisis is the duty of every
Indian, it is equally important to keep flagging crucial issues – such
as, has the Disaster Fund mandated by the DMA been operationalised? Is
the process of disbursement of compensation under the EDA under
contemplation? I fear by our collective silence, we could well be sowing
the seeds of a tragedy of unimaginable proportions, which we will reap
for a long time.
Modi partnership with private and all opposition parties
must help Agriculture by spending the revenue proportionately and
latest farming implements to assist farmers. Farm & Ministry ust be a
community-supported agriculture organization, providing shares of their
harvest to members and neighbors weekly, and members encouraged to buy
and donate shares. Local poverty relief agencies distribute donations to
people in need in locations close to the farm. work to involve agro
ecology, experiential farm-based education, leadership formation and
national initiatives around temple-owned land stewardship.Grow food
using regenerative agriculture practices.
Members must buy
shares of their weekly harvest; approximately one quarter of their crops
must provided to a local poverty relief agency for distribution to
those in need. Also sponsor an heirloom wheat ministry, where community
members hand-plant and hand-harvest wheat for member temples to use in
communion bread.
But most important, their farm is a living laboratory – a
sacred space for the intentional exploration of our relationships to
the land, their neighbor gather regularly to plant and harvest together,
getting hands dirty as to rediscover the joy of hard work in community.
With absolute power on Legislature,
Executive, Judiciary, Chitpavan brahman knows how to keep the erstwhile untouchables under the clutch of untouchbilty!
Fighting Hunger with One Meal at a time bringing the tradition of Annadānam back through
Honest Voice of All Aboriginal Awakened Societies urge Murderer of
democratic institutions and Master of diluting institution (Modi) to
pass legislation that provides nutrition for vulnerable people.
The Awakened with Awareness faith calls to stand alongside women and
children around the world to provide leadership toward a well-nourished
world.
Use the Hunger Van Program and online process to see food
in edible containers reaches every home till the total curfew because
of COVID-19 is completely removed with revenue Murderer of democratic
institutions and Master of diluting institution (Modi) has received
Rs.15,51,004 crore during 2017-18 comprising Rs. 12,42,662 crore Tax
Revenue and Rs 12,82,857 crore up to January 2020. Tax revenue stood at
Rs 9,98,037 crore, while non-tax revenue stood at Rs 2,52,083 crore.
Non-debt capital receipts stood at Rs 32,737 crore, which includes Rs
18,351 crore of disinvestment proceeds that is in the hands of
foreigners from Bene Israel,Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western
Germany, Northern Europe, South,Russia,Hungary, etc,chitpavan brahmins
of Rakshasa Rowdy Swayam Sevaks (RSS) remotely controlling the own
mother’s flesh eaters, slaves, stooges, chamchas, chelas and bootlickers
of chitpavan brahmins Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths (BJP) full of
hatred, intolerance, anger, militancy, violent, number one terrorists of
the world, ever shooting, mob lunching, mentally retarded, lunatic
towards 99.9% All Aboriginal Awakened Societies including,
SC/STs/OBCs/Religious Minorities and even the non-chitpavan brahmins.
The entire revenue is now with the chitpavan brahmins. Instead of
creating a communal COVID-19 by the RSS/BJP more deadliest than the
COVID-19, it must be the honest voice of the 99.9% All Awakened
Opposition Parties to Educate, Organise and agitate through social media
on our revenue and to force Modi and the chitpavan brahmins to
distribute to the needy hungry masses by making use of the postal
department and those who were involved in census with their vans, trucks
and other vehicles and the IT department to serve food in edible packs
online.
Caste-COVID-19 - They have some connection!
COVID-19 forced people to under go curfew! Curfew forced people to see
Cinema to pass the time! Cinema forced people to follow Caste Culture
narrated in the picture! All the stories of Cinemas are the effect of
Caste System! This country is a land of Caste! Caste is a reality!
Caste has killed the progress of the country!
Caste benefits foreigners from Bene Israel chitpavan brahman of Rowdy
rakshasa swayam Sevaks (RSS) remotely controlling Murderer of
democratic institution and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) of
Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths (BJP) who are slaves, stooges, bootlickers,
chamchas, chelas and own mother’s flesh eaters supporting the
manusmriti which says that chitpavan brahmins are 1st rate athmas
(souls) , kshatriya & vaishya/ baniya, shudras as 2nd,3rd,4th rate
souls and the ati-shudras the SC/STs 9Untouchables as having no souls at
all. So that all sorts of atrocities can be committed on them. But the
Buddha never believed in any soul. he said all are equal. Therefore
Babasaheb Dr.B.R.Ambedkar made All Awakened Aboriginal Societies to
return back to their original home Buddhism.
Caste has degraded
85% comprising Shudras(BC/OBC), Untouchables(sc), Tribals(st) &
converted minorities (Muslims,Cristian, Sikhs,Lingayats, Buddhists etc)
called Mulnivasis as slaves & victimised them from basic rights!
In Any natural calamity whether drought, flood,epidemic, these
Mulnivasis would be the worst affected as dependents, they lack basic
facilities to face the crisis!
They are the last to employ & the first to fire!
Arogya Rakshakas of all living beings Health workers & the
Muncipalty workers are the best examples in the current scenario! So
Caste is a man made virus worst than any virus including COVID-19!
COVID-19 being a lab created virus may go shortly under the pressure of
curfew & public effort! But the most deadliest than COVID-19
virus called caste will remain to affect us very badly!
After
Independence no effort from the Govt to destroy Like COVID-19, Caste is
not visible to naked eye; it has to be faced to experience as it is
only a notion!
COVID-19 brought the system called “Social
Distancing” for its control to the world ! But for our country, it is
not new, as it is a phenomenon central to caste system! Social
distancing is otherwise a practice of Untouchability!
COVID-19
also separated people but again it is the main charecter of caste as
it’s main purpose is to bring separation in life! Only difference is
that the phenomenon of COVID-19 is temporary while that of caste is
permanent!
In fact, had there been no caste in our country, COVID-19 itself would
not have come to our country owing to its locational advantage in the
globe! It’s a problem of governance by the Murderer of democratic
institution (Modi) who gobbled the Master Key bt tampering the fraud
EVMs/VVPATs to and won elections!
Caste system does not allow good Governance!
Hence, to protect caste system, they first made the women as ‘Slave’
and assigned the responsibility of its propagation! Women as it’s
epicentre follows “Stri-Dharm, Pativrata, purity-pollution, patriarchy,
endogamy, etc to protect caste!
To support her, suitable Family
system, customs, traditions, community system, god’s & goddesses,
festivals, temples, marriage system, festivals, village system etc were
created! To maintain rather strengthen caste solidly &
permanently, Reservation system helped in addition to destroying
leadership among 85% through Chamchas (Agents) for the benefit of 15%!
At the same time, our country cinema came very handy to the
perpetrators of caste to make people , religious, emotional, casteists,
immoral , superstitious, blind followers,
supporters of violence, hate mongers, egoist, selfish, in violation of
all good precepts like killing, stealing, telling lies, sexual
misconduct, and consumption of alcoholic drinks and drugs etc !
The objective of country’s Cinemas/Serials is to inculcate the values
of caste & it’s culture among the educated & the illiterates in
the name of entertainment since, democracy, Republic, constitution,
would promote liberty, equality, fraternity, & justice!
Cinema normalised gundaism (street rowdiism), liquor culture, Violence,
rape, stone worship, caste traditions, Stri-Dharm(followers of
sati-savitri)etc as Indian Culture, !
Taking advantage of the
occasion, Ramayan & Mahabharat Epics whose owners are Valmiki, Vysa
SC/STs serials were started to produce RSS (Rowdy Rakshasa Swayam
Sevaks with ease!
So, COVID-19, Cinema & Caste is a deadly combination for Indians!
So Bahujans should shun Cinema & read Buddha, Basava, Periyar,
Phule & Ambedkar thoughts to consolidate their conviction to fight
the worst deadliest virus called ,”Caste”.
Otherwise, seeing country’s Cinema/serial or listening cinema or Bhakti songs means strengthening Caste System!
To fight COVID-19 both public & Govt have come together, but to
fight the worst virus called caste which has made our life miserable
only the 85% has to get ready since the 15% beneficiaries are rather
making all out effort to maintain the status quo.
“After COVID-19 let’s get ready to chase away Caste”
We are not keeping quite!
Fights are going on:
1. Categorisation
2. Touchable v/s Untouchable
Chitpavan brahman never wanted to give anything- dead against to any
concession to untouchables as they will lose free bonded labours! It
was Babsaheb’s greatness which fetched us so many safeguards!
Chitpavan brahman forced Narayan Guru through Gandhi, not to side with
Ambedkar to show Ezhavas of Kerala as untouchables before Franchise
committee during Round Table Conference so as to reduce the strength of
Untouchables to avoid any constitutional rights ! Chitpavan brahman may
add anybody and delete any body!
He will never give, but creates controversies, confusions, disputes so
that the castes quarrel among them selves based on egos! Meanwhile, reservation in employment punctured by privatisation!
To destroy Ambedkarim, he has to play so many dramas behind the screen
so that reservation beneficiaries fight for pittance among them selves
to lose political power!
Rise Against Hunger
COVID-19 has adversely affected the migrant population, Arogya Rakshakas of all living beings & other … kind and works
COVID-19 Curfew: Domestic Workers And A Class-Caste Divide.
A pandemic like COVID-19 comes with several collateral damages: so,
domestic workers like other vulnerable classes are at risk of being
dealt with disrespectful and discriminatory care at medical facilities
and police violence meted out to Curfew “violators”.
Aboriginal-caste and SC/ST identities have been historically viewed and
represented through the prism of upper-caste, especially chitpavan
brahminical purity-pollution and uncouth-refined standards. Since
applied science is an exercise in social habits and ritualistic
practices, the current hygiene protocol has inadvertently brought back
divisions anew on the lines of caste prejudices.
Provisions of
fixed working hours, paid and willing overtime work, paid annual and
causal leaves, respectful behaviour are equally important for their
work-life balance and self-esteem. If workers at formal workplaces are
entitled to “entertainment” and phone bill reimbursements, why not
domestic workers? For that their work needs to stop being trivialised.
In the time of COVID-19, several well-to-do people have taken to
posting pictures of cleaners, sweepers (Arogya rakshakas of all living
beings) and garbage, saluting the “#COVID-19warriors”
and urging people to stay put and bid time, because if “they” can that
too with a “cheerful smile”, why can’t we, right? Well, the class irony
couldn’t be far away: “They” have not chosen their profession.
Starvation,
Police Beatings and Covid-19: For Migrant Workers Stuck in Delhi, the
… people fear they along with their children and wives would die of
hunger. … hundreds of migrant workers at Mumbai’s Bandra … His
income was just enough for his family to last through the month.
COVID-19 curfew means no food or work for rural …
’Hunger
will kill us before coronavirus’, say Rohingya in India … “It has
been more than a month since I got my last salary. … but we don’t see
that it has been implemented yet, not even in the capital, New Delhi.
COVID-19. … Coronavirus Puts On Highway To Hunger: Despite Bumper ..
Modi’s poorly planned lockdown won’t save us from … Hunger
definitely
go a long way in reducing the transmission of the deadly virus.
…Modi’s Covid-19 lockdown speech shows he doesn’t learn from … At
this rate, more people might die of hunger than of coronavirus.
Spreading
of this deadly virus will be more dangerous than the current misery.
…Hunger. Just imagine, the majority of caste conscious mainland.
Share This!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_sHE34wVrw
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Category
Entertainment
বিনামূল্যে অনলাইন নিবারণ প্রশিক্ষণ
থেকে
কুশিনারা নিবানা ভূমি পোগোদা-চূড়ান্ত প্রশান্তি এবং অনন্তকালীন
প্রশংসনীয় চূড়ান্ত লক্ষ্য হিসাবে মনোযোগ দিন! পবিত্র মন এবং পরিবেশ!
এমনকি একটি সাত বছর বয়সী বুঝতে পারেন। সত্তর বছর বয়সী অবশ্যই অনুশীলন করবে। হ্যাঁ কাগজের ব্যালটে বলুন
সমস্ত জাগ্রত আদিম সমাজের কল্যাণ, সুখ এবং শান্তি জন্য গণতন্ত্র,
স্বাধীনতা, সাম্যতা এবং ভ্রাতৃত্ববোধকে বাঁচাতে ইভিএম / ভিভিপ্যাটগুলির
কোনও সংখ্যা নেই।
হয়
সমস্ত আদিবাসী জাগ্রত সমিতি (এইচভিওএএএস) এর অনন্য ভয়েস
ডাঃ বি.আর.আম্বেডকর গর্জন করলেন “মৈ ভারত বাধ্ময় করুঙ্গা”। (আমি ভারতকে বৌদ্ধ বানিয়ে দেব)
সমস্ত আদিবাসী জাগ্রত সমিতির বজ্রধ্বনি ”হাম প্রপঞ্চ প্রবুদ্ধ ভারতময়
করুণে।” (আমরা বিশ্বকে প্রবুদ্ধ প্রপঞ্চ করব) সচেতনতার সাথে জাগ্রত এক
বুদ্ধ বলেছিলেন যে, “ক্ষুধা সবচেয়ে খারাপ রোগ illness
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
COVID-19 Coronavirus মহামারী পুনরুদ্ধার: 953,321 সর্বশেষ আপডেট হয়েছে:
এপ্রিল 29, 2020, 00:35 GMT গ্রাফ - দেশ - মৃত্যুর হার - উপসর্গ -
ইনকিউবেশন - সংক্রমণ - নিউজ করোন ভাইরাস কেস: 3,136,543
মৃত্যু: 217,8137,780,941,954 বর্তমান বিশ্ব জনসংখ্যা
COVID-919,746 থেকে উদ্ধার করা হয়েছে
যেন সবাই
7,780,941,954 বর্তমান বিশ্ব জনসংখ্যা
COVID-919,746 থেকে পুনরুদ্ধার করে বেঁচে থাকা বিশ্ব জনসংখ্যায় চিরকাল সুখী, ভাল এবং সুরক্ষিত থাকুন!
সবাই বাঁচুক!
সকলেই শান্ত, শান্ত, সতর্ক, মনোযোগী এবং সুস্পষ্ট বোঝার সাথে সামঞ্জস্যতার মনের অধিকারী হোক যে সবকিছু বদলে যাচ্ছে! পাশাপাশি
বেনি ইস্রায়েল, তিব্বত, আফ্রিকা, পূর্ব ইউরোপ, পশ্চিম জার্মানি, উত্তর
ইউরোপ, দক্ষিণ, রাশিয়া, হাঙ্গেরি ইত্যাদি থেকে বিদেশীদের ফেলে দেওয়া
COVID-19 হুঙ্গারের চেয়ে সবচেয়ে ভয়ঙ্কর, মারাত্মক ভাইরাস
রাউদি
রক্ষাস স্বয়ম সেবকদের (আরএসএস) চিতপাভান ব্রাহ্মণরা তাদের দাস, লুঠ,
বুটলিকার, নিজের মায়ের মাংস ভক্ষক, চামচা, চেলা বর্ণবাদী গণতান্ত্রিক
প্রতিষ্ঠানের খুনী (মোদী) এর নেতৃত্বে বেভাকুফ ঝূঠে মনোবিদদের (বিজেপি)
দূরবর্তীভাবে নিয়ন্ত্রণ করছেন
COVID-19 Coronavirus PandemicLast
আপডেট হয়েছে: এপ্রিল 27, 2020, 23:16 GMT গ্রাফ - দেশ - মৃত্যুর হার -
উপসর্গ - ইনকিউবেশন - সংক্রমণ - সংবাদ
করোনাভাইরাস কেস: 3,059,081
মৃত্যু: 211.202
করোনভাইরাস আপডেট
বিশ্ব জনসংখ্যা
7,780,942,241 বর্তমান বিশ্ব জনসংখ্যা
45,768,649 জন্ম এই বছর 96,754 জন্ম আজ
19,214,776 এই বছর শিরোনাম
40,620 আজকে 26,553,874 জন জনসংখ্যার বৃদ্ধির কথা জানিয়েছেন
আজ 56,134 নেট জনসংখ্যা বৃদ্ধি
সরকার ও অর্থনীতি
$ 3,787,134,129 পাবলিক হেলথ কেয়ার ব্যয় আজ $ 2,592,495,744 পাবলিক শিক্ষা ব্যয় আজ $ 1,182,065,192 গণপরিষদ সামরিক ব্যয় আজ
25,641,092 গাড়ি এই বছর উত্পাদিত
49,168,558 বাইসাইকেল এই বছর উত্পাদন করেছে 81,964,563 কম্পিউটার এই বছর উত্পাদন করেছে
সমাজ ও মিডিয়া
874,052 নতুন বই শিরোনাম এই বছর প্রকাশিত
120,179,582 নতুন পত্রিকা আজ প্রচারিত
168,255TV সেট বিশ্বব্যাপী আজ বিক্রি হয়েছে 1,630,945 সেলুলার ফোন আজ বিক্রি হয়েছে
Oney 73,164,825 ডলার আজ ভিডিওগেমগুলিতে ব্যয় করেছে
4,544,686,041 আজ বিশ্বের ইন্টারনেট ব্যবহারকারীরা et
65,794,304,703 ইমেলগুলি আজ প্রেরণ
আজকে লেখা 1,717,392 ব্লগ পোস্ট 194,886,253 টি আজ পাঠানো হয়েছে
1,794,552,970 গুগল আজ অনুসন্ধান করে
পরিবেশ
1,699,028 এ বছর প্রথম ক্ষতি (হেক্টর)
2,287,351 ল্যান্ড এ বছর মাটির ক্ষয়ে হেরে গেছে (হেক্টর)
11,807,343,074CO2 এই বছর নির্গমন (টন) 3,920,437 এই বছর উত্সরণ (হেক্টর)
3,199,200 বিষাক্ত রাসায়নিক মুক্তি
এই বছর পরিবেশে (টন)
খাদ্য
842,621,396 বিশ্বে স্বল্পোচিত মানুষ 1,692,481,338 বিশ্বের ওজনের লোক
755,498,854 বিশ্বের লোকেরা
7,724 লোকেরা যারা অনাহারে মারা গেছে
Es 145,291,109 মোটা সম্পর্কিত স্থূলতার জন্য অর্থ ব্যয় করেছেন
আজ মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে রোগ
Oney 47,744,373 ডলার ওজন কমানোর জন্য ব্যয় করেছেন
আজ মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে প্রোগ্রাম
পানি
এই বছর জল ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে (মিলিয়ন এল)
275,100 জল সম্পর্কিত কারণে ডেথ
এই বছর রোগ
801,558,779 জনগণের অ্যাক্সেস নেই
একটি নিরাপদ পানীয় জলের উত্স
শক্তি
117,879,811 আজ ব্যবহার করা শক্তি (এমডাব্লুএইচ), যার মধ্যে:
100,345,952- নবীকরণযোগ্য উত্স থেকে (এমডাব্লুএইচ)
17,751,671- পুনর্নবীকরণযোগ্য উত্স থেকে (এমডাব্লুএইচ)
738,640,755,518 সৌর শক্তি স্ট্রাইকিং আর্থ আজ (এমডাব্লুএইচ) 24,177,123 তেল আজ পাম্প করা (ব্যারেল)
1,510,373,576,315 তেল বাকি (ব্যারেল)
15,751 তেলের শেষ পর্যন্ত (~ 43 বছর) 1,096,239,308,026 প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাস বামে (বো)
57,697 প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাসের সমাপ্তি
4,317,092,761,349 কোল বাম (বো)
148,865 কয়লা শেষ পর্যন্ত
স্বাস্থ্য
4,240,872 এই বছর সংক্রামক রোগের মৃত্যু 158,954 এই বছর মৌসুমী ফ্লু মারা গেছে
2,483,115 এই বছরের 5 বছরের কম বয়সী বাচ্চাদের বিবরণ 13,887,931 এ বছরের উল্লেখ
100,973 এই বছর জন্মের সময় মায়েদের মৃতদেহ
41,749,108 এইচআইভি / এইডস আক্রান্ত ব্যক্তিরা
এই বছর এইচআইভি / এইডস দ্বারা সংঘটিত 549,170 রোগ
এই বছর ক্যান্সারে আক্রান্ত রোগী 2,683,000
320,435 ম্যালেরিয়াজনিত রোগগুলি এই বছর মারা গেছে
3,822,904,133 সিগারেট আজ ধূমপান
1,633,086 এই বছর ধূমপানের কারণে রোগগুলি 817,058 এই বছর অ্যালকোহলের কারণে রোগগুলি
এই বছর অবৈধ ওষুধের জন্য ব্যয় করেছেন প্রতি বছর, ১৩০,S৮৮,০87,,০৯৯
440,985 এই বছর ট্র্যাফিক দুর্ঘটনার প্রাণহানির ঘটনা ঘটে
কীভাবে এবং কীভাবে ভ্যাকসিনারের ওষুধগুলি নিরাময় করা হয়েছে তা প্রকাশের
জন্য যে গোপনীয়তা রয়েছে তা গোপনীয়তার কারণে বিশ্ব সুখী হবে। এটি সরকারের
7.5 লক্ষ রুপি এবং বেসরকারী হাসপাতালে 15 লক্ষ রুপি ব্যয় সাশ্রয় করবে।
COVID-19-এর জন্য গঠিত সমস্ত সরকার এবং তাদের ট্রাস্টকে অবশ্যই হাসপাতালের
চার্জ প্রদান করতে হবে এবং তাদের কল্যাণ, সুখ এবং শান্তির জন্য সমাজের
সমস্ত বিভাগের মধ্যে সমানভাবে দেশের সম্পদ বিতরণ করে প্রবাসী শ্রমিকদের
জন্য অনলাইন খাদ্য এবং আশ্রয় সরবরাহ করতে হবে। অনাহার এবং সংক্রমণের মধ্যে
এবং চূড়ান্ত লক্ষ্য হিসাবে চিরন্তন সুখ অর্জনের জন্য
ভয় জাগ্রত হওয়া সচেতনতার সাথে আমাদের কী ভয় দেখাতে পারে?
স্বাধীনতার জন্য আপনার ভয়কে বাণিজ্য করুন “” এমনকি যে বুদ্ধিমানভাবে জীবনযাপন করেছেন তার দ্বারা মৃত্যুকে ভয় করা উচিত নয় ””
“অস্তিত্বের পুরো গোপনীয়তা কোনও ভয় নেই fear
আপনার কি হবে তা কখনই ভয় করবেন না, কারও উপর নির্ভর করুন। আপনি সমস্ত
সাহায্য প্রত্যাখাত করার মুহুর্তেই আপনি মুক্তি পেয়েছেন ”” “যখন মন্দের
প্রতি অপছন্দের অনুভূতি থাকে, যখন কেউ প্রশান্তি অনুভব করে, তখন ভাল শিক্ষা
শুনে আনন্দিত হয়; যখন কারও মধ্যে এই অনুভূতি থাকে এবং তাদের প্রশংসা করে,
তখন কেউ ভয় থেকে মুক্ত থাকে।
”ব্যথা একটি উপহার
এটি এড়ানোর পরিবর্তে,
এটি আলিঙ্গন করতে শিখুন।
ব্যথা ছাড়া,
ঘনত্বের অনুশীলন করে যা লাভ হয় তার কোনও বৃদ্ধি হয় না re উত্তরটি হ’ল “কিছুই না!” “তবে,
যা হারিয়ে গেছে তা হ’ল
ক্রোধ, উদ্বেগ, হতাশা, অনিরাপত্তা, বৃদ্ধ বয়স ও মৃত্যুর ভয়। “জীবিকার
অধিকার ব্যতীত জীবনের অধিকার, দুর্যোগ ব্যবস্থাপনা আইনটি প্রয়োগ করে
স্থগিত করা হয়েছে যা এখনকার জায়গায় সীমাবদ্ধতা নিষিদ্ধকরণকে শক্তিশালী
করে না।
https://thewire.in/…/is-the-national-lockdown-in-india-cons…
জাতীয় কারফিউ সাংবিধানিকভাবে বৈধ নয়। এমনকি যদি আমরা আমাদের মৌলিক আইনের
চারটি কোণ ছাড়িয়ে কাজ করতে বাধ্য হই, তবে আসুন আমরা দুর্যোগ পরিচালনা
আইনের সমান সমালোচনামূলক ম্যান্ডেট - যেমন দুর্যোগে ক্ষতিগ্রস্থদের ত্রাণ ও
পুনর্বাসন, অর্থাৎ দরিদ্র ও প্রান্তিকদের দিকে মনোনিবেশ না করি। প্রথমত,
এটি হাতের মতো মহামারী মোকাবেলার জন্য সাংবিধানিক পরিকল্পনা হিসাবে একটি
সিক্যুয়েল। দ্বিতীয়ত, অ্যালার্মের কোনও কারণ নেই। এমনকি যদি আপনি এই
সিদ্ধান্তে পৌঁছে যে আপনাকে রক্ষা করার জন্য যা করা হচ্ছে তা বৈধ হতে পারে
না, তবুও আপনার প্রথম অবকাশের গন্তব্য পোস্ট কার্ফিউর মতো উহানের বিষয়ে
সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়ার পরে কোনও সাংবিধানিক আদালত এই প্রশ্নগুলির সাথে ভুগছেন।
আসলে, আমাদের সাংবিধানিক আদালত এমনকি ভিডিও কনফারেন্স সংস্করণগুলি এই
অভাবনীয় জাতীয় সঙ্কটের প্রেক্ষিতে প্রায় গুটিয়ে গেছে। ভার্জিনিয়া
বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের আইন বিভাগের অধ্যাপক মিলা ভার্সেটিগ আটলান্টিকে লিখেছেন
যে মার্কিন যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে লকডাউনের সাংবিধানিক বৈধতা সন্দেহজনক হলেও এর
দ্বিপক্ষীয় সমর্থন রয়েছে এবং লোকেরা তাদের ক্ষমতাকে ভয় পেয়ে তারাও
স্বেচ্ছায় ত্যাগ স্বীকার করতে আগ্রহী তাদের অধিকার। এটি কোনও নতুন ঘটনা
নয়। অনেকের মনে পড়বে, আমেরিকা, ওয়ার্ল্ড ট্রেড সেন্টার, স্বাধীনতার ভূমি
পতনের পরে, স্বদেশ সুরক্ষার স্বার্থে কীভাবে স্বেচ্ছায় কঠোর প্যাট্রিয়ট
আইনটি স্বীকার করে নিয়েছিল। সুতরাং, এমনকি এমনকি অনুমান করা যায় যে
ভারতের কোনও দলই - কেন্দ্র, রাজ্য বা জনগণ - সমগ্র জাতির ভার্চুয়াল
গৃহবন্দী করার বিষয়ে কোনও আপত্তি পোষণ করে না, আমাদের কি এই ধরনের কোর্স
সাংবিধানিকভাবে কোশের কিনা তা পরীক্ষা করতে বাধা দেওয়া উচিত? বিধান এবং
ইন্দিরার অপব্যবহার ১৯ 197৮ সালে সংশোধন করার আগে, ভারতীয় সংবিধানের ৩৫২
অনুচ্ছেদে যুদ্ধ, বাহ্যিক আগ্রাসন এবং অভ্যন্তরীণ অশান্তি - তিনটি ভিত্তিতে
জরুরি অবস্থা ঘোষণার অনুমতি দেওয়া হয়েছিল। রহস্যজনক কারণে, ১৯ 1971১
সালে বাংলাদেশ যুদ্ধের সময় ইন্দিরা গান্ধী যে জরুরী অবস্থা চাপিয়েছিলেন
তা ১৯ 197৫ সালের জুনের সুপ্রিম কোর্টের অবকাশকালীন একক বিচারপতি ভি.আর.
হিসাবেও পুনরুদ্ধার করা হয়নি। কৃষ্ণা আইয়ার, ননী পালখিভালাকে পুরো দিন
শুনলেন ভরা কোর্টরুমে। ইন্দিরা গান্ধীর দ্বারা এলাহাবাদ হাইকোর্টের রায়কে
তার নির্বাচন বাদ দিয়ে প্রধানমন্ত্রী নির্বাচিত করা চ্যালেঞ্জ ছিল।
বিচারপতি আইয়ার সেদিন কম্বল থাকার অনুমতি দেননি। তিনি কেবল মিসেস গান্ধীকে
বাড়িতে অংশ নিতে অনুমতি দিয়েছিলেন কিন্তু ভোট দেননি। মধ্যরাতে যে জরুরী
অবস্থা শুরু হয়েছিল তা “অভ্যন্তরীণ অশান্তি” - যে তিনটি অনুমতিযোগ্য
ক্ষেত্রের মধ্যে একটি। সংবিধানটি ইতিমধ্যে জরুরী ঘোষণাপত্র কার্যকর হয়েছে
কিনা সে বিষয়ে নীরব রয়েছে (৩ Article০ অনুচ্ছেদে আর্থিক জরুরী অর্থাত্
পৃথক ধরণের জরুরী ব্যতীত) অন্য একটি বা ঘোষণা করতে হবে বা আবশ্যক। জবলপুর
মামলা। রাতারাতি বেশিরভাগ বিরোধী নেতাকর্মীকে গ্রেপ্তার করার সাথে সাথে
তাদের অনেকেই বিভিন্ন উচ্চ আদালত থেকে সাফল্যের সাথে হাবিয়াস কর্পসকে
মুক্তি দেয়। এই মামলাগুলি সুপ্রিম কোর্টের একটি গঠনতন্ত্র বেঞ্চের সামনে
উপস্থিত হয়েছিল। অ্যাটর্নি জেনারেল নীরেন দে ইন্দিরা সরকারের অবস্থান
রক্ষার জন্য আগ্রহী ছিলেন না যে জরুরি অবস্থার সময় এমনকি জীবনের অধিকারও
স্থগিত করা যেতে পারে। বলা হয়ে থাকে যে তাঁর ব্রিটিশ স্ত্রীর আবাসিক
অধিকারের প্রত্যাহার সংক্রান্ত তীব্র ইঙ্গিতগুলি আদালতে দে-র উপস্থিতি
নিশ্চিত করার ক্ষেত্রেও সহায়ক ছিল।
পরে তিনি দাবি করেছিলেন যে
বিচারকদের ধাক্কা দেওয়ার জন্য তিনি যথাসাধ্য চেষ্টা করেছিলেন এবং এই
প্রস্তাবের যুক্তি দিয়েছিলেন যে জরুরি অবস্থার সময়েও যদি কোনও ব্যক্তি
বিচারপতিদের উপস্থিতিতে সুরক্ষা বাহিনী কর্তৃক নিহত হন তবে তারা অসহায়
থাকবেন। দুঃখের বিষয়, সংখ্যাগরিষ্ঠ বিচারকরা এই টোপটি কাটেনি বরং
সাহসীভাবে সম্মত হয়েছিল। বিচারপতি খান্না তার বিখ্যাত মতবিরোধ লিখেছিলেন,
যুক্তি দিয়েছিলেন যে জীবনের অধিকার একটি প্রাকৃতিক আইনের অধিকার এবং
সংবিধানের পূর্বে হবিয়াস কর্পাসের প্রতিকার ছিল। সুতরাং, বেআইনী আটকাদেশের
বিরুদ্ধে মুক্তির জন্য আদালতে হাবিয়াস কর্পাসের আবেদনের সরকারী জীবনের
অধিকার এবং প্রতিকার জরুরি অবস্থার পরেও স্থগিত করা যায়নি। তবে তিনি ছিলেন
যুক্তিযুক্ত একমাত্র কণ্ঠ এবং সংখ্যাগরিষ্ঠ মতামতই প্রাধান্য পেয়েছিল।
জনতার সাংবিধানিক পরিশুদ্ধি এবং নতুন আইনী শাসনব্যবস্থা এডিএম জবালপুরকে
ছয় ফুট অধীনে দাফনের সাম্প্রতিক সময়ে আদালত যে সমস্ত ব্রোহাহা করেছে,
জনতা পার্টি সরকার ইতিমধ্যে ৪৪ তম সংবিধান সংশোধনীর মাধ্যমে ১৯ 197৮ সালে
তা করেছিল। মোরারজি দেশাইয়ের সরকার কেবল “সশস্ত্র বিদ্রোহ” হিসাবে
“অভ্যন্তরীণ অশান্তি” প্রতিস্থাপন করেছিল তা নয়, এটি ৩৫৯ অনুচ্ছেদেও
স্পষ্ট করে দিয়েছিল যে জীবনের অধিকার (অনুচ্ছেদ ২১) এবং দ্বিগুণ ঝুঁকি ও
আত্ম-ক্ষতির বিরুদ্ধে অধিকার (অনুচ্ছেদ ২০) এমনকি স্থগিত করা যায়নি একটি
জরুরী সময়। সংবিধানের অধীনে, জরুরি অবস্থার সময়কালে এই তিনটি সরকারের
তিনটি শাখার মধ্যে ক্ষমতা বিচ্ছিন্নকরণের পাশাপাশি কেন্দ্র এবং রাজ্যগুলির
মধ্যে ক্ষমতা বিভাজনকে আইনত ঝাপসা করার অনুমতি দেওয়া হয়। সংবিধান, জরুরি
অবস্থা জারি করার পরে, কেন্দ্রকে কেবল রাজ্যগুলিকেই নয়, জনস্বাস্থ্য, আইন
শৃঙ্খলা ও পুলিশ, যেমন অন্যথায় কেবল রাজ্যের বিষয়গুলির মধ্যে সীমাবদ্ধ
ভূমিকা রাখার মতো বিষয়গুলিতে আইনসভায়ও কার্যনির্বাহী নির্দেশনা দেওয়ার
অনুমতি দেয়। সেন্টার। এমনকি সাধারণ সময়ে, 256 অনুচ্ছেদে বলা হয়েছে যে
সংসদ কীভাবে সংসদ তৈরি আইন প্রয়োগ করতে পারে সে সম্পর্কে কেন্দ্র
নির্দেশনা দিতে পারে। ২৫ Article অনুচ্ছেদে বলা হয়েছে যে রাজ্যগুলির
কার্যনির্বাহী ক্ষমতা এমনভাবে প্রয়োগ করা উচিত যা কেন্দ্রের নির্বাহী
ক্ষমতাকে “বাধা বা কুসংস্কার” না করে। কেন্দ্রকে এই লক্ষ্যে রাজ্যগুলিকে
নির্দেশনা দেওয়ার অনুমতিও দেওয়া হয়। অনুচ্ছেদ ৩৫৫ (যা জনতা পার্টি
সম্ভবত আমাদের “অভ্যন্তরীণ ঝামেলা” এর সংবিধানকে মুছে ফেললে সংশোধন করতে
ভুলে গিয়েছিল) “বাহ্যিক আগ্রাসন” পাশাপাশি “অভ্যন্তরীণ অশান্তি” থেকে
রাষ্ট্রগুলিকে সুরক্ষিত করার জন্য ইউনিয়নের একটি সাংবিধানিক দায়িত্ব
কার্যকর করে। যদিও নির্বিচারে ‘করোন ভাইরাস মহামারী’ ‘অভ্যন্তরীণ ব্যাঘাতের
পরিস্থিতি’ হিসাবে যোগ্য হয়ে উঠবে, অবশ্যই অনুচ্ছেদ ৩৫২ এর যে তিনটি
ভিত্তিতে কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারকে জরুরি অবস্থা ঘোষণা করার, অনুচ্ছেদ সহ মৌলিক
অধিকার স্থগিত করার অনুমতি দেওয়া হবে তা অবশ্যই আবৃত করা যাবে না। ১৯ যা
নাগরিকদের মৌলিক স্বাধীনতা রক্ষা করে এবং রাজ্যগুলির কার্যনির্বাহী ও
আইনসুলভ কাজ নিয়ন্ত্রণ করে। দুটি শতাব্দী, দুটি বিধি এই সাংবিধানিক
কাঠামোর অধীনে দুটি আইন কেন্দ্র এবং রাজ্যগুলিকে করোনাভাইরাসের বিরুদ্ধে
কাজ করার জন্য বিধিবদ্ধ ভিত্তি সরবরাহ করে। এগুলি হ’ল এপিডেমিক ডিজিজ
অ্যাক্ট, 1897 (ইডিএ) এবং দুর্যোগ পরিচালনা আইন, 2005 (ডিএমএ)। সরকারের
ক্ষেত্রে সম্ভবত এই যে দুটি আইনই এটিকে পর্যাপ্ত ক্ষমতা দিয়ে সজ্জিত করেছে
এবং সংবিধানের “জরুরী বিধানগুলির” পিছনে ফিরে আসার দরকার নেই। এটি এই দুটি
আইনের আরও ঘনিষ্ঠভাবে পরীক্ষার জন্য ওয়ারেন্ট দেয়। ইডিএটি উনিশ শতকের
ভিনটেজ, মৌলিক স্বতন্ত্র অধিকারের ভিত্তিতে একটি সংবিধান দ্বারা নিয়ন্ত্রণ
করা নির্মম প্রশাসনিক যন্ত্রপাতি সহ ialপনিবেশিক শক্তি দ্বারা প্রবর্তিত।
একটি নিবিড় পর্যালোচনা ইঙ্গিত দেয় যে এমনকি এই আইন এমন একটি পরিস্থিতি
মোকাবিলার উদ্দেশ্যে করা হয়েছে যখন কোনও “রাষ্ট্র বা এর কোনও অংশ পরিদর্শন
করা হয় বা কোনও হুমকি দেওয়া হয় যে কোনও বিপজ্জনক মহামারী রোগের
প্রাদুর্ভাব ঘটে” এবং সরকার এই মতামত প্রকাশ করেছে যে “সাধারণ আপাতত আইন
প্রয়োগের বিধানগুলি এই উদ্দেশ্যে অপ্রতুল ”। আইনটি প্রকৃতপক্ষে “এই জাতীয়
ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ বা প্রয়োজনীয় বা ক্ষমতাপ্রাপ্ত ব্যক্তিকে এই জাতীয়
ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণের জন্য এবং জনসাধারণের নোটিশের মাধ্যমে, জনসাধারণের দ্বারা
বা যে কোনও ব্যক্তি বা ব্যক্তি বা শ্রেণীর দ্বারা এইরূপ বিবেচিত হইবে এই
জাতীয় অস্থায়ী বিধিবিধি নির্ধারণ করে দেয় এ জাতীয় রোগের প্রাদুর্ভাব বা
এর প্রাদুর্ভাব রোধে প্রয়োজনীয় এবং কোন পদ্ধতিতে এবং কার দ্বারা যে কোনও
ব্যয় (যে ক্ষতিপূরণ সহ) ব্যয়িত হবে তা নির্ধারণ করতে পারে। ” যাইহোক,
এটি সরবরাহ করে না যে এই ক্ষমতা কোনও বিদ্যমান আইন লঙ্ঘনে ব্যবহার করা যেতে
পারে, এমন সংবিধানের পরিমাণ কম যা তখনও অস্তিত্ব ছিল না। আমাদের
সাংবিধানিক ব্যবস্থার অধীনে, আমাদের প্রথম প্রজাতন্ত্র দিবসের আগে
জন্মগ্রহণকারী একটি আইনকে এটি বেঁচে থাকার অনুমতি দেওয়া হতে পারে তবে
সংবিধানের অগ্নি পরিক্ষা পাস হয়। এখনও অবধি, ইডিএ বা এর অধীনে গৃহীত
ব্যবস্থাগুলিও সেই পরীক্ষার শিকার হয় নি। আরও গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয়, এই
আইনের অধীনে কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারের ক্ষমতা কেবল বন্দরগুলিতে নৌযান চলাচল এবং
আটকানোতে সীমাবদ্ধ বলে মনে হচ্ছে।
দুর্যোগ ব্যবস্থাপনা আইন কী বলে?
দ্বিতীয় আইন, ডিএমএ, একবিংশ শতাব্দীর ভিনটেজ এবং তার স্তরটির জন্য একটি
দুর্যোগ পরিকল্পনা প্রণয়নের জন্য জাতীয়, রাজ্য ও জেলা পর্যায়ে একটি
ত্রি-স্তর বিপর্যয় মোকাবিলা কর্তৃপক্ষ স্থাপনের আদেশ দেয়। বিভাগ 11 (3),
ডিএমএ, এই জাতীয় পরিকল্পনার দিকগুলি নির্ধারণ করে। এটি প্রশমিতকরণ এবং
গৃহীত প্রস্তুতি এবং সক্ষমতা মোকাবিলার ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণ করা with অনুচ্ছেদ
19, ত্রাণের মান সরবরাহের জন্য নির্দেশিকা নির্ধারণের জন্য রাজ্য
কর্তৃপক্ষকে আদেশ দেয়। ধারা ২২ (২) (জ) যে কোনও হুমকী বিপর্যয়ের
প্রতিক্রিয়া হিসাবে গৃহীত পদক্ষেপের জন্য সরকারী বিভাগগুলিকে নির্দেশনা
দেওয়ার জন্য রাজ্য কর্তৃপক্ষ / নির্বাহী কমিটিকে অনুমতি দেয়। 24 এবং 34
ধারাগুলি রাজ্য নির্বাহী কমিটিগুলি এবং জেলা কর্তৃপক্ষকে যানবাহন চলাচল
নিয়ন্ত্রণ করতে বা কোনও ঝুঁকিপূর্ণ বা ক্ষতিগ্রস্থ অঞ্চল বা এর মধ্যে বা
নিয়ন্ত্রণের জন্য এবং এমন পরিস্থিতি দ্বারা অনুমোদিত যে কোনও ব্যবস্থা
গ্রহণের ক্ষমতা দেয়। এছাড়াও “অবিলম্বে ত্রাণ সাশ্রয়ী জীবন বাঁচানোর
জন্য, উদ্ধার, সরিয়ে নেওয়ার জন্য” এমন পদক্ষেপ ও ব্যবস্থা নেওয়ার বিষয়ে
সরকারী বিভাগগুলিকে নির্দেশনা দেওয়া যেতে পারে। অনুচ্ছেদ 30 জেলা স্তরের
জন্য এই মডেলটির অনুলিপি করে। অনুচ্ছেদ 34 জেলা কর্তৃপক্ষকে “যানবাহন চলাচল
নিয়ন্ত্রণ ও সীমাবদ্ধ” করার ক্ষমতা প্রদান করে, পাশাপাশি “প্রয়োজনীয়
পদক্ষেপের প্রস্তাব দেয়।” অনুচ্ছেদ ৩৫ কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারকে (ক) বিভিন্ন
কর্তৃপক্ষ এবং সরকারী বিভাগের মধ্যে সমন্বয়মূলক কাজ করার জন্য (খ) বাহিনী
মোতায়েন এবং (গ) “কার্যকর বাস্তবায়ন” সুরক্ষার জন্য অন্যান্য বিষয়গুলির
মতো ব্যবস্থা গ্রহণের অনুমতি দেয়। ধারা ৩ 36 জাতীয় কর্তৃপক্ষের
নির্দেশাবলী মেনে চলার জন্য কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারের সমস্ত বিভাগের একটি
বিধিবদ্ধ দায়িত্ব তৈরি করে। ডিএমএর জন্য সমস্ত সরকারী বিভাগকে তাদের
নিজস্ব দুর্যোগ ব্যবস্থাপনার পরিকল্পনা প্রণয়ন করা দরকার। ধারা 47, ডিএমএ,
কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারকে একটি জাতীয় দুর্যোগ প্রশমন তহবিল গঠনের ক্ষমতা প্রদান
করে। ৫০ অনুচ্ছেদটি হুমকী বিপর্যয়ের সময়ে কর্তৃপক্ষকে সাধারণ দরপত্র
পদ্ধতি অনুসরণ না করে প্রশাসনকে অনুমতি দেওয়ার অনুমতি দেয়। ৫৫ অনুচ্ছেদে
কোনও সরকারী কর্মকর্তা বা কর্মচারীর দ্বারা দায়িত্ব পালনে বাধা প্রদানকারী
ব্যক্তিদের জন্য এক বছরের কারাদণ্ড (প্রাণহানির ঘটনায় দুই বছর) নির্ধারিত
রয়েছে। হোয়াটসঅ্যাপ গুজব চালকরা জানতে আগ্রহী হবেন যে নকল 54 জালিয়াতি
সংবাদ বা মিথ্যা অ্যালার্ম ছড়ানোর জন্য এক বছরের জরিমানা নির্ধারণ করে। ৫
56 অনুচ্ছেদে এমন কোনও সরকারী কর্মচারীর জন্যও অনুরূপ শাস্তি রয়েছে যা তার
দায়িত্ব পালন করতে অস্বীকার করে। ধারা an১ একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিধান যা
ক্ষতিগ্রস্থদের ক্ষতিপূরণ বা ত্রাণ সরবরাহের ক্ষেত্রে লিঙ্গ, বর্ণ,
সম্প্রদায়, বংশোদ্ভূত বা ধর্মের ভিত্তিতে বৈষম্যকে নিষেধ করে। Section
অনুচ্ছেদ কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারকে কর্তৃপক্ষ এবং রাজ্য সরকারকে বাধ্যতামূলক
দিকনির্দেশ জারি করার ক্ষমতা দেয়। শেষ অবধি, ধারা this২ এই আইনকে একটি
ওভাররাইডিং প্রভাব দেয়। ‘অভ্যন্তরীণ অশান্তি’ থেকে রাষ্ট্রসমূহের সুরক্ষা
১৯৮৮ সশস্ত্র বাহিনী (বিশেষ ক্ষমতা) আইন, যা অস্থির অঞ্চলে সশস্ত্র
বাহিনীকে সজ্জিত করার ক্ষমতা প্রদান করেছিল, তার বৈধতা বিবেচনা করার সময়,
নাগা পিপলস মুভমেন্ট অফ হিউম্যান রাইটস ইউনিয়ন, ইউনিয়ন অব সুপ্রিম কোর্ট
“এই প্রসঙ্গে সংবিধানের ৩৫৫ অনুচ্ছেদে রেফারেন্স দেওয়া যেতে পারে, যেখানে
বাহ্যিক আগ্রাসন এবং অভ্যন্তরীণ অশান্তির বিরুদ্ধে প্রতিটি রাজ্যকে রক্ষা
করার জন্য এবং প্রতিটি রাজ্যের সরকারকে সেই অনুযায়ী পরিচালিত হচ্ছে কিনা
তা নিশ্চিত করার জন্য ইউনিয়নের উপর একটি দায়িত্ব আরোপ করা হয়েছে।
সংবিধানের বিধান সহ। উল্লিখিত বিধানের পরিপ্রেক্ষিতে, কেন্দ্রীয় সরকার
একটি রাজ্যে অভ্যন্তরীণ অশান্তির পরিস্থিতি মোকাবিলার জন্য পদক্ষেপ গ্রহণের
বাধ্যবাধকতার অধীনে… কেন্দ্রীয় আইনটির বিধানগুলি কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারকে
আরোপিত বাধ্যবাধকতা পালনে সক্ষম করতে সক্ষম করা হয়েছে সংবিধানের ৩৫৫
অনুচ্ছেদের অধীনে এবং সংবিধানের ৩৫6 অনুচ্ছেদের কঠোর বিধানের প্রয়োজনীয়তা
বিবেচনা করে অভ্যন্তরীণ গোলযোগের কারণে উদ্ভূত পরিস্থিতি রোধ করতে।
“সরকারিয়া কমিশনের প্রতিবেদনে বলা হয়েছে যে, অনুচ্ছেদ ৩৫৫ এর অধীনে
ইউনিয়ন একটি জারি করতে পারে অনুচ্ছেদ 352 (জরুরী) বা অনুচ্ছেদ 356
(রাষ্ট্রপতির শাসন) না করেই দিক নির্দেশনার বিস্তৃত বিন্যাস। প্রকৃতপক্ষে,
প্রতিবেদনে রাষ্ট্রপতির শাসন চাপিয়ে দেওয়ার বিষয়ে হুড়োহুড়ি চাপানোর
বিরুদ্ধে সতর্ক করা হয়েছে যে ইউনিয়নও ৩৫৫ অনুচ্ছেদের অধীনে কাজ করতে পারে
অর্থাত্ রাষ্ট্রপতির শাসন আরোপ না করে। অনুচ্ছেদ 355 তার নিজের উপর
দাঁড়িয়ে থাকতে পারে। প্রতিবেদনে ইঙ্গিত দেওয়া হয়েছে যে প্রথমে এটি
নিশ্চিত করা উচিত যে ইউনিয়ন তার ধারাটি ৩৫৫ অনুচ্ছেদের অধীনে দায়িত্ব
পালনে যা কিছু করতে পারে তার সবই করেছে, যেটি ২৫ 25-২৫7 অনুচ্ছেদের অধীনে
প্রয়োজনীয় দিকনির্দেশনা জারি করেছিল এবং রাজ্য তা মেনে চলা বা দিতে
ব্যর্থ হয়েছিল। দিকনির্দেশে প্রভাব।
গণতান্ত্রিক সংস্থাগুলির
(মোদী) ২৪ শে মে জাতির উদ্দেশ্যে সম্বোধনকারী করোনাভাইরাসকে সমঝোতা করার
আদেশ জারি হয়েছে, যাতে পুরো দেশকে ২১ দিনের জন্য ‘লকডাউন’-এর আওতায় আনতে
চার ঘণ্টার নেতৃত্বের সময় ঘোষণা করা হয়েছিল, জাতীয় দুর্যোগ ব্যবস্থাপনা
কর্তৃপক্ষ (এনডিএমএ) ) “করোনাভাইরাস মহামারী” কে ডিএমএর অর্থের মধ্যে
“বিপর্যয়” হিসাবে বিবেচনা করে 24 মার্চ সামাজিক দূরত্বের নির্দেশিকা জারি
করে। ইউনিয়ন স্বরাষ্ট্রসচিব একই তালিকার আদেশের মাধ্যমে এই লকডাউন
গাইডলাইনগুলি রাজ্য এবং কেন্দ্রশাসিত অঞ্চলগুলিতে প্রেরণ করেছিলেন।
পদক্ষেপগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে সমস্ত অপ্রয়োজনীয় সরকারী প্রতিষ্ঠান, সমস্ত
বাণিজ্যিক ও বেসরকারী স্থাপনা, শিল্প, বিমান পরিবহন, রেল ও রাস্তা দিয়ে
পরিবহন, আতিথেয়তা পরিষেবা, শিক্ষাপ্রতিষ্ঠান, উপাসনালয়, রাজনৈতিক সমাবেশ
ইত্যাদিসহ মেডিকেল কর্মীদের কিছু ব্যতিক্রম, সাংবাদিক, পেট্রোল পাম্প,
প্রয়োজনীয় স্টোর ইত্যাদি সরবরাহ করা হয়েছে। জেলা কালেক্টররা প্রতিটি
জেলায় “ইভেন্ট কমান্ডার” হবেন যারা কারা ব্যতিক্রম পাস জারি করবেন সে
বিষয়েও সিদ্ধান্ত নেবেন। প্রবাহিত, বেশ কয়েকটি রাজ্যে, সক্ষম কর্তৃপক্ষ
১৯ 197৩ সালের ফৌজদারি কার্যবিধির ১৪৪ অনুচ্ছেদের অধীনে আদেশ জারি করেছে,
পাঁচ জনেরও বেশি লোককে পাবলিক প্লেসে সমাবেশ করতে নিষেধ করেছে। জাতীয়
“গৃহ-গ্রেপ্তারের” বৈধতা জনতা কারফিউয়ের জন্য যখন চার দিনের ‘নেতৃত্বের
সময় দেওয়া হয়েছিল, তবুও সুশৃঙ্খলভাবে জীবন ও জীবিকা নির্বাহের জন্য কোটি
কোটি ভারতীয়কে সবেমাত্র চার ঘন্টা সময় দেওয়া হয়েছিল। জাতীয় লকডাউনের
পরে বিশৃঙ্খলার পরে রেল স্টেশন, আন্তঃরাষ্ট্রীয় বাস টার্মিনাল, রাজ্য
সীমান্ত, শ্রমবাজার ইত্যাদিতে হৃদয় বিদারক দৃশ্যের দ্বারা প্রমাণিত হয়েছে
যেখানে বহু লোককে বেকারত্বের সময়কালে চাপিয়ে দেওয়া হয়েছিল এবং দূরে
দূরে রাখা হয়েছিল। তাদের বাড়ির অভয়ারণ্য। ২০১১ সালের আদমশুমারি অনুসারে
ভারতে ৪১ মিলিয়ন অভিবাসী শ্রমিক রয়েছে। গার্হস্থ্য কর্মী, দৈনন্দিন মজুরি
এবং নির্মাণ শ্রমিকদের যোগ করুন। সম্মতি পেয়ে প্রধানমন্ত্রী, বেশ কয়েকজন
মুখ্যমন্ত্রী এবং সরকারী উপদেষ্টা নিয়োগকর্মীদের তালাবন্ধের সময়কালের
জন্য মজুরি হ্রাস না করার জন্য অনুরোধ করেছেন। তবে, গ্যারান্টিযুক্ত মজুরি
বা কিছুটা ন্যূনতম আয় বা ক্ষতিপূরণ ছাড়া ডিএমএর সাথে পড়া 256 অনুচ্ছেদে
পিছনে পড়ে এই অধিকারহীন শ্রমিকদের জীবিকা নির্বাহের অধিকারের অন্তর্ভুক্ত
কী কী জীবন অধিকার পেতে পারে? আমরা দেখেছি যে জনতা সরকারের সংশোধনীর পরেও
কীভাবে জরুরি অবস্থা আনুষ্ঠানিকভাবে প্রেরণ করা হলেও জীবনের অধিকার হরণ করা
যায় না। বর্তমান ক্ষেত্রে জরুরী বিধানগুলিও চাওয়া হয়নি! সরকার যদি
সংবিধানের জরুরী বিধানগুলি অতিক্রম করতে পারে এবং সর্বজনীন সম্মতি থাকলেও
এই জাতীয় কঠোর পদক্ষেপগুলি শুরু করতে পারে, তবে কেউ এই জাতীয় বিধানগুলি
জিজ্ঞাসা করতে পারেন - যা কেবলমাত্র মৌলিক অধিকারকে স্থগিত করা যেতে পারে
এমন পদ্ধতিতে সীমাবদ্ধ করে না, তবে সংবিধানেরও নির্ধারণ করে দেয়- এ জাতীয়
স্থগিতাদেশের বিষয়ে আইনী তদারকি - সম্পূর্ণ অর্থহীন হয়ে গেছে।
১৪৪
ধারা অনুসারে, সিআরপিসি সম্মিলিত সমাবেশকে সীমাবদ্ধ রাখে, এনডিএমএ নাগরিকের
দ্বারস্থ “লক্ষ্মীণ রেখা” আঁকানো এবং তাকে ২১ দিনের ভার্চুয়াল কারাগারে
বাধ্য করতে পারে এমন একটি “লকডাউন” পরিচালনা করতে পারে? প্রতিদিনের বাজি,
রাস্তার বিক্রেতা, অভিবাসী শ্রমিক, ছোট ব্যবসায়ীকে কি এই ভার্চুয়াল
মৃত্যুদণ্ড নয়? ধারা ৩৯-এর ধারা (ক) এবং (ঙ) নাগরিকদের জীবনযাপনের
পর্যাপ্ত উপায়ে অধিকার পাওয়ার অধিকার নিশ্চিত করার জন্য সরকারকে পদক্ষেপ
গ্রহণ করা প্রয়োজন এবং নাগরিকরা তাদের অকারণে প্রবেশের জন্য অর্থনৈতিক
প্রয়োজনে বাধ্য হচ্ছে না। এই বাধ্যবাধকতাগুলি রাষ্ট্র পরিচালনার
দিকনির্দেশক নীতিগুলির মধ্যে রয়েছে যা দেশ পরিচালনার ক্ষেত্রে মৌলিক
হিসাবে বিবেচিত হয়। বর্তমান লকডাউন এমন শর্ত তৈরি করবে যা এই বাধ্যবাধকতার
বিপরীতে চলে। COVID-19 এবং অর্থনৈতিক মৃত্যুর মধ্যে পছন্দ একটি কঠিন।
নাগরিক, যাই হোক না কেন মহৎ উদ্দেশ্যে, নাগরিক তার এমনকি তার নির্বাচনের
অধিকার থেকে বঞ্চিত হয়েছে। অনিবার্য ইটপাটকেলের ঝুঁকি নিয়ে আমি সাহস করে
বলতে পারি যে এগুলি খুব কঠিন পছন্দ ছিল যার জন্য ভারসাম্যপূর্ণ আইন দরকার -
যা আমাদের প্রতিবেশী একটি দেশের নেতার মতে, বলবত্ বন্ধ করার বিরুদ্ধে
সিদ্ধান্ত নেওয়ার ক্ষেত্রে তার উপরে ওজন করে। ১৪৪ টি সিআরপিসি পাশাপাশি
রাজ্য পুলিশ আইনতে (যেমন ধারা ৩০ (৩), দিল্লি পুলিশ আইন, ১৯ 197৮) এর
বিস্তৃত বিধানগুলি সাধারণত সমাবেশগুলি নিষিদ্ধ করে। তবে লকডাউনটি আমাদের
সমস্ত দোরগোড়ায় নিয়ে গেছে ‘লক্ষ্মণ রেখা’। আবার, মৌলিক ইস্যুতে ফিরে আসা
- জরুরী ঘোষণা ছাড়াই এবং সুতরাং, চলাচলের অধিকার এবং জীবিকা নির্বাহের
অধিকার নিয়ে এখনও চলছে, “লক-ডাউন” সাংবিধানিকভাবে বৈধ?
পাল্টা
যুক্তি সচেতন। জাতির জীবনের খুব অধিকারকে যখন বিভ্রান্ত করা হয়, তখন এ
জাতীয় সাংবিধানিক যুক্তিগুলি ধর্মবিরোধী। সর্বোপরি, প্রয়োজনের মতবাদ
উচ্চস্বরে এবং স্পষ্টভাবে ঘোষণা করেছে যে “প্রয়োজনীয়তা কোনও আইন জানে
না”।
যার জন্য এটি মূল্যবান, আমরা যদি এই মেনে নিতে ইচ্ছুক যে এই
অপ্রত্যাশিত সময়গুলি আমাদের মূল আইনের চারটি কোণ ছাড়িয়ে আমাদের কাজ করতে
বাধ্য করছে, তবে খুব কমপক্ষে আমাদের উভয় ইডিএর সমান সমালোচনামূলক আদেশের
প্রতি মনোনিবেশ হারাতে দেওয়া উচিত না let ডিএমএ হিসাবে - দুর্যোগ
ক্ষতিগ্রস্থদের ত্রাণ এবং পুনর্বাসন, অর্থাৎ দরিদ্র এবং প্রান্তিক মানুষ।
এছাড়াও, জাতীয় সঙ্কটের এই মুহুর্তে প্রশাসনের প্রতি আন্তরিকভাবে সমর্থন
করা যখন প্রতিটি ভারতীয়ের কর্তব্য, তেমনি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয়গুলি চিহ্নিত
করাও সমান গুরুত্বপূর্ণ - যেমন, ডিএমএ কর্তৃক জারি করা দুর্যোগ তহবিল
কার্যকর করা হয়েছে কি? ইডিএর অধীনে ক্ষতিপূরণ বিতরণের প্রক্রিয়াটি কি
বিবেচনার আওতায় রয়েছে? আমি আমাদের সম্মিলিত নীরবতায় ভয় করি, আমরা
কল্পনাতীত অনুপাতের ট্র্যাজেডির বীজ বপন করতে পারি, যা আমরা দীর্ঘকাল ধরে
কাটাব। মোদী ব্যক্তিগত এবং সমস্ত বিরোধী দলের সাথে অংশীদারিত্ব করেছেন
কৃষকদের সহায়তা করতে আনুপাতিক হারে এবং সর্বশেষ কৃষিকাজের ব্যয় করে কৃষিকে সহায়তা করতে হবে। কৃষি ও মন্ত্রনালয় usta a
সম্প্রদায়-সমর্থিত কৃষি সংস্থা, তাদের ফসলের অংশ সাপ্তাহিক সদস্য এবং
প্রতিবেশীদের সরবরাহ করে এবং সদস্যরা শেয়ার ক্রয় এবং দান করতে উত্সাহিত
করে। স্থানীয় দারিদ্র্য ত্রাণ সংস্থাগুলি খামারের কাছাকাছি অবস্থানে অভাবী
লোকদের অনুদান বিতরণ করে। কৃষি বাস্তুশাস্ত্র, পরীক্ষামূলক খামার-ভিত্তিক
শিক্ষা, নেতৃত্বের গঠন এবং মন্দিরের মালিকানাধীন জমি স্টুয়ার্ডশিপকে ঘিরে
জাতীয় উদ্যোগের সাথে জড়িত থাকার কাজ re পুনরুত্থানযোগ্য কৃষি পদ্ধতি
ব্যবহার করে খাদ্য বৃদ্ধি করুন। সদস্যদের অবশ্যই তাদের সাপ্তাহিক ফলের
শেয়ার কিনতে হবে; তাদের ফসলের প্রায় এক চতুর্থাংশ অবশ্যই স্থানীয়
দারিদ্র্য ত্রাণ সংস্থাকে প্রয়োজনীয় লোকদের বিতরণের জন্য সরবরাহ করতে
হবে। এছাড়াও একটি উত্তরাধিকারী গম মন্ত্রকের স্পনসর করুন, যেখানে
সম্প্রদায়ের সদস্যরা সদৃশ রুটির ব্যবহারের জন্য সদস্য মন্দিরগুলির জন্য
হস্ত-উদ্ভিদ এবং হস্ত-সংগ্রহের গম।
তবে সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ, তাদের খামার একটি জীবন্ত পরীক্ষাগার - ক
আমাদের সম্পর্কের ইচ্ছাকৃত অন্বেষণের জন্য পবিত্র স্থান
জমি, তাদের প্রতিবেশী নিয়মিত একসাথে রোপণ এবং ফসল কাটা,
সম্প্রদায়ের কঠোর পরিশ্রমের আনন্দকে পুনরায় আবিষ্কার করার জন্য হাত নোংরা করা। আইনসভায় সম্পূর্ণ ক্ষমতা সহ,
নির্বাহী, বিচার বিভাগ, চিটপাবন ব্রাহ্মণ কীভাবে পূর্ববর্তী
অস্পৃশ্যদেরকে অস্পৃশ্যদের কবলে রাখবেন জানেন! এক সময় খাবারের সাথে
ক্ষুধার বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করা অন্নদেনামের traditionতিহ্যকে ফিরিয়ে আনার
জন্য সর্বদা আদিবাসী জাগ্রত সমাজের আন্তরিক ভয়েসের মাধ্যমে গণতান্ত্রিক
প্রতিষ্ঠানের মার্ডার এবং পাতলা প্রতিষ্ঠানের মাস্টার (মোদী) কে আইনটি পাস
করার আহ্বান জানায় যা দুর্বল মানুষের পুষ্টি জোগায়।
সচেতনতার
সাথে জাগ্রত বিশ্বাস একটি পুষ্টিকর বিশ্বের দিকে নেতৃত্ব দেওয়ার জন্য
বিশ্বজুড়ে নারী ও শিশুদের পাশাপাশি দাঁড়ানোর আহ্বান জানায়। ভোজ্য পাত্রে
খাবারটি প্রতিটি বাড়িতে পৌঁছানো পর্যন্ত হাঙ্গর ভ্যান প্রোগ্রাম এবং
অনলাইন প্রক্রিয়াটি ব্যবহার করুন কারণ COVID-19-এর মোট কারফিউ পুরোপুরি
গণতান্ত্রিক সংস্থাগুলির খুনি এবং সরু সংস্থার মাস্টার (মোদী) সরিয়ে না
দেওয়া পর্যন্ত প্রতিটি বাড়িতে পৌঁছে যায় 15,51,004 টাকা ২০১-18-১৮
অর্থবছরের জন্য কোটি টাকা; ২০২০ সালের জানুয়ারির মধ্যে করের রাজস্ব
১২,২২,662২ কোটি এবং 12,82,857 কোটি টাকা Tax করের রাজস্ব দাঁড়িয়েছে
9,98,037 কোটি টাকা, আর ট্যাক্সের আয়ের পরিমাণ দাঁড়িয়েছে 2,52,083 কোটি
টাকা। Nonণহীন মূলধন প্রাপ্তিগুলি ছিল ৩২,73 crore7 কোটি রুপি, যার মধ্যে
বেনি ইস্রায়েল, তিব্বত, আফ্রিকা, পূর্ব ইউরোপ, পশ্চিম জার্মানি, উত্তর
ইউরোপ, দক্ষিণ, রাশিয়া, হাঙ্গেরি ইত্যাদির বিদেশিদের হাতে থাকা
ডিসিভেস্টমেন্টের 18,351 কোটি টাকা রয়েছে includes , রাক্ষস রাউডি স্বয়াম
সেবক (আরএসএস) এর চিতপাভান ব্রাহ্মণরা নিজের মায়ের মাংস খাওয়া-দাওয়াত,
দাস, চামচ, চিতপাভান ব্রাহ্মণদের বেচাকুফ ঘুঠো সাইকোপ্যাথ (বিজেপি) -কে
ঘৃণা, অসহিষ্ণুতা, ক্রোধ, জঙ্গিবাদ, সহিংসতা সহিংসতা সহিংসতা, সংঘাত,
সংঘর্ষ, সংঘাত সহিংসতা বিশ্বের অন্যতম সন্ত্রাসবাদী, সর্বদা শুটিং, মব
লাঞ্চ, মানসিকভাবে প্রতিবন্ধী, 99,9% সমস্ত আদিবাসী জাগ্রত সমাজ, এসসি /
এসটি / ওবিসি / ধর্মীয় সংখ্যালঘু এমনকি চিটপাভান ব্রাহ্মণদের প্রতি পাগল।
পুরো রাজস্ব এখন চিটপাভান ব্রাহ্মণদের নিয়ে। পরিবর্তে
আরএসএস / বিজেপি দ্বারা সাম্প্রদায়িক COVID-19 তৈরি করা COVID-19 এর
চেয়ে মারাত্মকতম, এটি অবশ্যই জাগ্রত 99.9% এর আন্তরিক কণ্ঠ হতে হবে
বিরোধী দলগুলি আমাদের উপার্জনের বিষয়ে সামাজিক যোগাযোগ মাধ্যমে শিক্ষিত,
সংগঠিত ও আন্দোলন করার জন্য এবং মোদী এবং চিতপাভান ব্রাহ্মণদের ডাকের
সাহায্যে অভাবী ক্ষুধার্ত জনগণে বিতরণ করতে বাধ্য করে
বিভাগ এবং যারা
তাদের ভ্যান, ট্রাক এবং অন্যান্য যানবাহন এবং আইটি বিভাগের সাথে ভোজ্য
প্যাকগুলিতে অনলাইনে খাবার পরিবেশন করার জন্য শুমারিতে জড়িত ছিলেন।
বর্ণ-কভিড -১৯ - তাদের কিছু সংযোগ আছে! কভিড -১৯ জনকে কারফিউতে বাধ্য!
কারফিউ মানুষকে সিনেমা দেখতে সময় পার করতে বাধ্য করেছিল! সিনেমা বর্ণিত
বর্ণ সংস্কৃতি অনুসরণ করতে মানুষকে বাধ্য করেছে! সিনেমাসের সমস্ত গল্পই
জাতির ব্যবস্থার প্রভাব! এই দেশ জাতের একটি দেশ! জাতি সত্য!
জাতিকে
হত্যা করেছে দেশের অগ্রগতি! জাতীরা রাউদি রাক্ষস স্বয়ংস সেবাক্স (আরএসএস)
এর বেন ইস্রায়েল চিটপাভান ব্রাহ্মণের কাছ থেকে বিদেশীদের উপকৃত করে,
দূরত্বে গণতান্ত্রিক প্রতিষ্ঠানের খুনি এবং বেকভুফ ঝুठे মনোবিধির (বিজেপি)
মরিডারকে নিয়ন্ত্রণ করে যারা দাস, স্টুজি, বুটলিকারস, চামচা, চেল এবং
নিজস্ব মায়ের গোশত খাওয়াদাওয়া মনস্মৃতিকে সমর্থন করে যা বলে যে চিতপাভান
ব্রাহ্মণরা হলেন প্রথম স্তরের অ্যাথাম (আত্মা), ক্ষত্রিয় এবং বৈশ্য /
বানিয়া, ২ য়, তৃতীয়, চতুর্থ হারের আত্মা হিসাবে শূদ্র এবং এসসি / এসটিএস
৯-এর অস্পৃশ্যদের কোনও আত্মা নেই । যাতে তাদের উপর সব ধরণের নৃশংসতা
সংঘটিত হতে পারে। তবে বুদ্ধ কখনই কোনও আত্মায় বিশ্বাস করেননি। তিনি বললেন
সব সমান। তাই বাবসাহেব ড। বি.আর.আম্বেডকর সমস্ত জাগ্রত আদিবাসী সমাজগুলিকে
তাদের মূল বাড়ি বৌদ্ধধর্মে ফিরিয়ে আনার জন্য তৈরি করেছিলেন। শূদ্র (বিসি /
ওবিসি), আদিপুস্তক (এসসি), উপজাতি (উপজাতি) এবং ধর্মান্তরিত সংখ্যালঘুদের
(মুসলমান, খ্রিস্টিয়ান, শিখ, লিঙ্গায়েট, বৌদ্ধ ইত্যাদি) বর্ণের দ্বারা
বর্ণকে 85% অবনতি হয়েছে এবং তাদের মৌলিক অধিকারের শিকার করেছে! যে কোনও
প্রাকৃতিক দুর্যোগে খরা, বন্যা, মহামারী হোক না কেন, এই মূলনিবাসীরা
নির্ভরশীল হিসাবে সবচেয়ে বেশি ক্ষতিগ্রস্থ হবে, সংকটের মুখোমুখি হওয়ার
জন্য তাদের বেসিক সুবিধার অভাব রয়েছে!
তারা নিয়োগের ক্ষেত্রে সর্বশেষ এবং গুলি চালানো প্রথম!
সমস্ত জীবের স্বাস্থ্য রক্ষকরা স্বাস্থ্যকর্মী ও
মুন্সিপাল্টির কর্মীরা বর্তমানের দৃশ্যের সেরা উদাহরণ! সুতরাং জাতটি এমন
একজন মানুষ যা ভাইরাস দ্বারা তৈরি ভাইরাসজনিত সংক্রমণের তুলনায় কোভিড -১৯
সহ যে কোনও ভাইরাসের চেয়ে খারাপ!
COVID-19 একটি ল্যাব তৈরি ভাইরাস
হ’ল শিগগিরই কারফিউ এবং জনসাধারণের চেষ্টার চাপে যেতে পারে! তবে জাতক নামক
সিওভিড -১৯ এর চেয়ে মারাত্মকতম ভাইরাস আমাদের খুব খারাপ প্রভাবিত করবে!
স্বাধীনতার পরে সরকার কর্তৃক COVID-19 এর মতো ধ্বংস করার কোন প্রচেষ্টা
করা হয়নি, বর্ণ নগ্ন চোখে দেখা যায় না; এটি অভিজ্ঞতার মুখোমুখি হতে
হয়েছে কারণ এটি কেবল একটি ধারণা মাত্র!
COVID-19 বিশ্বকে
নিয়ন্ত্রণের জন্য “সামাজিক দূরত্ব” নামক সিস্টেমটি নিয়ে আসে! তবে আমাদের
দেশের জন্য এটি নতুন নয়, কারণ এটি বর্ণবাদ কেন্দ্রের কেন্দ্রিক ঘটনা!
সামাজিক দূরত্ব অন্যথায় অস্পৃশ্যতার অনুশীলন! কভিড -১৯ জনকেও পৃথক করেছে
তবে এটি আবার বর্ণের প্রধান উপজীব্য কারণ এটি জীবনের মূল উদ্দেশ্য হ’ল
জীবনকে আলাদা করা! কেবল পার্থক্য হ’ল COVID-19 এর ঘটনাটি অস্থায়ী এবং
বর্ণের স্থায়ীত্ব! প্রকৃতপক্ষে, আমাদের দেশে কোনও বর্ণ না থাকলে,
বিশ্বজুড়ে স্থানীয়ভাবে স্থানীয় সুবিধার কারণে কভিড -১৯ আমাদের দেশে আসতে
পারত না! গণতান্ত্রিক প্রতিষ্ঠান (মোদী) এর খুনি দ্বারা পরিচালনার সমস্যা
এটি যারা মাস্টার কী বিটি কে জালিয়াতি করে ইভিএম / ভিভিপ্যাটগুলিতে
জালিয়াতি করে এবং নির্বাচনে জিতেছে!
জাতি ব্যবস্থা সুশাসনের অনুমতি দেয় না!
সুতরাং বর্ণ বর্ণ রক্ষার জন্য তারা প্রথমে মহিলাদের ‘দাস’ হিসাবে তৈরি
করে এবং এর প্রচারের দায়িত্ব অর্পণ করেছিল! বর্ণের কেন্দ্রবিন্দুতে
মহিলারা বর্ণ রক্ষার জন্য “ধর্ম-ধর্ম, প্যাটিভ্রাট, বিশুদ্ধ-দূষণ,
পিতৃতন্ত্র, অন্তর্দৃষ্টি ইত্যাদি অনুসরণ করেন!
তাকে সমর্থন করার
জন্য উপযুক্ত পারিবারিক ব্যবস্থা, রীতিনীতি, traditionsতিহ্য, সম্প্রদায়
ব্যবস্থা, &শ্বরের দেবদেবী, উত্সব, মন্দির, বিবাহ পদ্ধতি, উত্সব,
গ্রামব্যবস্থা ইত্যাদি তৈরি করা হয়েছিল! বর্ণকে স্থায়ীভাবে ও স্থায়ীভাবে
বজায় রাখার জন্য, সংরক্ষণ ব্যবস্থা ১৫% এর সুবিধার্থে চামচাদের (এজেন্ট)
মাধ্যমে 85% এর মধ্যে নেতৃত্বকে ধ্বংস করার পাশাপাশি সহায়তা করেছিল!
একই সাথে, আমাদের দেশের সিনেমা জাতি, ধর্মীয়, সংবেদনশীল, বর্ণবাদী,
অনৈতিক, কুসংস্কার, অন্ধ অনুসারী, সহিংসতার সমর্থক, ঘৃণ্য মনোরম, অহংকারী,
স্বার্থপর, সমস্ত ভাল নিয়মের লঙ্ঘন করার জন্য বর্ণের অপরাধীদের কাছে খুব
কাজে এসেছিল যেমন হত্যা, চুরি, মিথ্যা বলা, যৌন অসদাচরণ এবং অ্যালকোহলযুক্ত
পানীয় এবং মাদক সেবন ইত্যাদি!
দেশের সিনেমা / সিরিয়ালগুলির উদ্দেশ্য হ’ল জাতের মূল্যবোধ জাগ্রত করা এবং এখানকার শিক্ষিত এবং নিরক্ষরদের মধ্যে সংস্কৃতি
বিনোদনের নাম, গণতন্ত্র, প্রজাতন্ত্র, সংবিধান,
স্বাধীনতা, সাম্যতা, ভ্রাতৃত্ব এবং ন্যায়বিচার প্রচার করবে!
সিনেমাটি সাধারণ সংস্কৃতি হিসাবে গন্ডাইজম (রাস্তার রোদিবাদ), মদ
সংস্কৃতি, সহিংসতা, ধর্ষণ, পাথর পূজা, বর্ণের traditionsতিহ্য, স্ত্রী ধর্ম
(সতী-সাবিত্রী অনুসারী) ইত্যাদিকে ভারতীয় সংস্কৃতি হিসাবে আখ্যায়িত করে!
এই অনুষ্ঠানের সুযোগ নিয়ে রামায়ণ ও মহাভারত মহাকাব্য যার মালিক ভালমিকি,
ভিশা এসসি / এসটিএস সিরিয়ালগুলি আরএসএস (রাউদি রাক্ষস স্বয়াম সেবক)
স্বাচ্ছন্দ্যে তৈরি করা শুরু করেছিল!
সুতরাং, COVID-19, সিনেমা ও বর্ণ
ভারতীয়দের জন্য একটি মারাত্মক সমন্বয়! সুতরাং বহুজনদের সিনেমা ছেড়ে
দেওয়া উচিত এবং বুদ্ধ, বাসভা, পেরিয়ার পড়া উচিত,
ফুল ও আম্বেদকরের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াইয়ের দৃ conv় প্রত্যয় দৃ thoughts় করার জন্য thoughts
সবচেয়ে খারাপ মারাত্মক ভাইরাস যাকে বলা হয়, “জাত”। অন্যথায়, দেশের
সিনেমা / সিরিয়াল বা সিনেমা বা ভক্তির গান শোনা মানেই জাতি ব্যবস্থা
শক্তিশালী করা! কোভিড -১৯-এর বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই করার জন্য জনসাধারণ এবং সরকার
উভয়ই একত্রিত হয়েছে, তবে বর্ণের সবচেয়ে খারাপ ভাইরাসের বিরুদ্ধে লড়াই
করার জন্য যা আমাদের জীবনকে দুর্বিষহ করে তুলেছে, ৮৫% জনকে প্রস্তুত থাকতে
হবে, যেহেতু ১৫% সুবিধাভোগী বরং স্ট্যাটাস বজায় রাখতে সর্বাত্মক প্রচেষ্টা
চালিয়ে যাচ্ছে স্থিতাবস্থা। “কভিড -19-এর পরে আসুন বর্ণকে তাড়ানোর জন্য
প্রস্তুত হয়ে উঠুন” আমরা বেশিরভাগ রাখছি না!
মারামারি চলছে:
1. শ্রেণিবদ্ধকরণ
2. স্পর্শযোগ্য v / s অস্পৃশ্য
চিটপাবন ব্রাহ্মণ কখনও অস্পৃশ্যদের কোনও ছাড় ছাড়াই কোনও কিছু দিতে
চাননি কারণ তারা বিনা বন্ধনে মজুর হবেন! বাবসাহেবের মহত্ত্বই আমাদের এত
সুরক্ষা রক্ষা করেছিল! চিটপাবন ব্রাহ্মণ গান্ধীর মধ্য দিয়ে নারায়ণ গুরুকে
বাধ্য করেছিলেন, রাউন্ড টেবিল কনফারেন্সের সময় ফ্র্যাঞ্চাইজ কমিটির সামনে
কেরালার এজভাসকে অস্পৃশ্য হিসাবে দেখানোর জন্য আম্বেদকরকে সমর্থন করেছিলেন
না যাতে কোনও সাংবিধানিক অধিকার এড়ানোর জন্য অস্পৃশ্যদের শক্তি হ্রাস
করতে পারে! চিটপাবন ব্রাহ্মণ যে কাউকে যুক্ত করে যে কোনও দেহ মুছে ফেলতে
পারে! সে কখনই দেবে না, তবে বিতর্ক, বিভ্রান্তি, বিরোধ সৃষ্টি করে
ইহুদের উপর ভিত্তি করে জাতিদের মধ্যে ঝগড়া হয়!
এদিকে, বেসরকারিকরণের মাধ্যমে চাকরিতে রিজার্ভেশন পাঞ্চ!
আম্বেদকিমকে ধ্বংস করতে হলে তাঁকে পর্দার আড়ালে এতগুলি নাটক বাজাতে হবে
যাতে সংরক্ষণ ক্ষমতা লাভকারীরা রাজনৈতিক ক্ষমতা হারাতে নিজের মধ্যে ক্ষোভের
জন্য লড়াই করে! ক্ষুধার বিরুদ্ধে উত্থান COVID-19 প্রবাসী জনগোষ্ঠী,
সমস্ত জীবের আরোগ্য রক্ষকে এবং অন্যান্য ধরণের ও ধরণের কাজের উপর বিরূপ
প্রভাব ফেলেছে
কভিড -১৯ কারফিউ: গার্হস্থ্য কর্মী এবং একটি শ্রেণি-বর্ণ বিভাজন।
COVID-19 এর মতো মহামারীটি বেশ কয়েকটি জামানত ক্ষতিসাধনের সাথে আসে:
সুতরাং, অন্যান্য অরক্ষিত শ্রেণির মতো গৃহকর্মীদের চিকিত্সা সুবিধা এবং
পুলিশি সহিংসতায় কার্ফিউ “লঙ্ঘনকারী” হিসাবে গণ্য করা ও অসম্মানজনক আচরণের
ঝুঁকির মধ্যে রয়েছে। আদিম-বর্ণ এবং এসসি / এসটি পরিচয়গুলি
upperতিহাসিকভাবে উচ্চ বর্ণের প্রিজম, বিশেষত চিটপাভান ব্রাহ্মণ্যিক
বিশুদ্ধতা-দূষণ এবং অনাহুত-পরিমার্জিত মানদণ্ডের মাধ্যমে দেখা হয়েছে এবং
প্রতিনিধিত্ব করেছে। যেহেতু প্রয়োগকৃত বিজ্ঞান সামাজিক অভ্যাস এবং
রীতিনীতি অনুশীলনের একটি অনুশীলন, তাই বর্তমান হাইজিন প্রোটোকলটি অজান্তে
বর্ণভেদবাদের ভিত্তিতে নতুনভাবে বিভাগগুলি ফিরিয়ে এনেছে। নির্দিষ্ট কাজের
সময়, প্রদেয় এবং ইচ্ছুক ওভারটাইম কাজ, বার্ষিক এবং কার্যকারণকৃত পাতা
প্রদান, শ্রদ্ধাশীল আচরণ তাদের কাজের জীবন ভারসাম্য এবং আত্ম-সম্মানের জন্য
সমান গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Prov আনুষ্ঠানিক কর্মক্ষেত্রে কর্মীরা যদি “বিনোদন” এবং
ফোন বিল পরিশোধের অধিকারী হন তবে গৃহকর্মী কেন নয়? তার জন্য তাদের কাজকে
তুচ্ছ করা বন্ধ করা দরকার। কভিড -১৯ এর সময় বেশ কয়েকজন ভাল লোক ক্লিনার,
সুইপার্স (সমস্ত জীবের আরোগ্য রক্ষক) এবং আবর্জনার ছবি পোস্ট করে, “# কভিড
-১৯ ওয়ারিয়রদের” সালাম দিয়ে এবং লোকদের থাকার অনুরোধ জানিয়েছে এবং বিড
সময়, কারণ “তারা” যদি এটি একটি “প্রফুল্ল হাসি” দিয়েও করতে পারে, তবে
আমরা কেন ঠিক পারি না? ভাল, শ্রেনী শ্রেনী খুব বেশি দূরে থাকতে পারে না:
“তারা” তাদের পেশা বেছে নেয় নি।
অনাহার, পুলিশ মারধর এবং কোভিড
-১৯: দিল্লির অভিবাসী শ্রমিক আটকের জন্য … লোকেরা আশঙ্কা করছে যে তারা
তাদের সন্তান ও স্ত্রী সহ অনাহারে মারা যাবে। … মুম্বাইয়ের বান্দ্রায়
কয়েকশ অভিবাসী কর্মী … তাঁর উপার্জন কেবল তার পরিবারের পক্ষে এক মাস ধরে
টিকে ছিল।
কভিড -১৯ কারফিউ মানে গ্রামাঞ্চলে খাবার বা কাজ নেই …
‘কর্নাভাইরাসের আগে ক্ষুধা আমাদের মেরে ফেলবে’, ভারতে রোহিঙ্গা বলুন …
“আমার শেষ বেতন পেয়ে এক মাসেরও বেশি সময় হয়ে গেছে। … তবে আমরা দেখতে
পাই না যে এটি এখনও কার্যকর করা হয়েছে, এমনকি এর মধ্যেও নয় রাজধানী,
নয়াদিল্লি
COVID-19. … করোনাভাইরাস ক্ষুধার্ত পথে হাইওয়েতে প্রবেশ করেছে: বাম্পার সত্ত্বেও ..
মোদির খারাপ পরিকল্পনা করা লকডাউন আমাদের … ক্ষুধা থেকে বাঁচাবে না
অবশ্যই মারাত্মক ভাইরাস সংক্রমণ হ্রাস করতে দীর্ঘ পথ যেতে হবে। … মোদীর
কোভিড -১৯ লকডাউন বক্তৃতায় দেখা গেছে যে সে কোথা থেকে শিখেনি … এই হারে
করোন ভাইরাসের চেয়ে বেশি লোক ক্ষুধার্তেই মারা যেতে পারে।
এই
মারাত্মক ভাইরাস ছড়িয়ে দেওয়া বর্তমান দুর্দশার চেয়ে মারাত্মক হতে পারে।
… হাঙ্গার। ভেবে দেখুন, বেশিরভাগ বর্ণ সচেতন মূল ভূখণ্ড।
এই শেয়ার করুন!
Domino’s introduces Zero Contact Delivery, in this our Safe Delivery…
Domino
In every direction, the rivers of desire are running, what
40) Classical Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jyuUoKmnxXA
How Gujarat Becomes 2nd Most Covid-19 Affected State So Fast? | ABP News
ABP NEWS
22.9M subscribers
Gujarat has become the second top-most coronavirus affected state in
the country in few days after Maharashtra. The city, Ahmedabad has
become the COVID-19 hotspot of Gujarat. It took Gujarat around 4-5 days
to top the chart in terms of COVID-19 spread. How did it happen so fast?
Watch the report to know.
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Ne
40) ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી- ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી
નિ Onlineશુલ્ક Iનલાઇન નિબાન તાલીમ
માંથી
કુશિનરા નિબંધ ભુમિ પગોડા-અંતિમ લક્ષ્ય તરીકે શાંત અને અશ્વત્તમ આનંદ માટેનો માર્ગ! શુદ્ધ મન અને પર્યાવરણ!
સાત વર્ષનો પણ સમજી શકે છે. સિત્તેર વર્ષની ઉંમરની પ્રેક્ટિસ કરવી જ જોઇએ. હા પેપર બેલેટ પર કહો
બધા જાગૃત આદિવાસી સમાજો માટે કલ્યાણ, સુખ અને શાંતિ માટે લોકશાહી,
સ્વાતંત્ર્ય, સમાનતા અને બંધુત્વને બચાવવા માટે ઇવીએમ / વીવીપીએટીઓને કોઈ
નહીં.
છે આ
તમામ અજાણ્યા જાગૃત સોસાયટીઓનો એકમાત્ર અવાજ (એચવીવોએએએસ)
ડો.બી.આર.અમ્બેકરે ગાજ્યો “મુખ્ય ભારત બૌદ્ધમ કરુંગા.” (હું ભારતને બૌદ્ધ બનાવીશ)
બધી આદિમ જાગૃત સમાજો થંડર ”હમ પ્રપંચ પ્રબુદ્ધ ભારતમય કરુંગે.” (આપણે
વિશ્વ પ્રબુદ્ધ પ્રપંચ બનાવીશું) જાગૃત એક જાગૃતિ સાથે બુદ્ધે કહ્યું કે
“ભૂખ એ સૌથી ખરાબ પ્રકારની બિમારી છે.
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
COVID-19 કોરોનાવાયરસ રોગચાળો પાછો મળ્યો: 953,321 છેલ્લા સુધારાની તારીખ:
29 એપ્રિલ, 2020, 00:35 જીએમટી ગ્રાફ્સ - દેશો - મૃત્યુ દર - લક્ષણો -
સેવન - ટ્રાન્સમિશન - ન્યૂઝકોરોનાવાયરસ કેસ: 3,136,543
મૃત્યુ: 217,8137,780,941,954 વર્તમાન વિશ્વની વસ્તી
COVID-919,746 માંથી પ્રાપ્ત થયું
બધા કરી શકે છે
7,780,941,954 વર્તમાન વિશ્વની વસ્તી
COVID-919,746 માંથી પુનપ્રાપ્ત વિશ્વની વસતી હયાત હંમેશા સુખી, સારી અને સુરક્ષિત રહે!
બધા લાંબા જીવંત રહે!
બધા શાંત, શાંત, ચેતવણીવાળું, સચેત રહે અને સ્પષ્ટ સમજ સાથે સમકક્ષતાનું મન રાખી શકે કે બધું બદલાઈ રહ્યું છે સાથે!
બેન ઇઝરાઇલ, તિબેટ, આફ્રિકા, પૂર્વી યુરોપ, પશ્ચિમ જર્મની, ઉત્તરીય યુરોપ,
દક્ષિણ, રશિયા, હંગેરી, વગેરેમાંથી બહાર ફેંકી દેવાયેલા વિદેશી લોકો
દ્વારા બનાવવામાં આવેલ કોવિડ -19 હંગર કરતાં સૌથી ભયાનક, ભયંકર વાયરસ છે.
રાવડી રક્ષા સ્વયં સેવકો (આરએસએસ) ના ચિતપાવણ બ્રાહ્મણો તેમના ગુલામ,
કટ્ટર, બુટલીકર, પોતાના માતાનું માંસ ખાનાર, ચામચા, ચેલા જ્ casteાતિવાદી
લોકશાહી સંસ્થાઓના ખૂની (મોદી) ના નેતૃત્વ હેઠળના બેવકૂફ ઝૂથે સાયકોપેથ
(ભાજપ) ને દૂરથી નિયંત્રિત કરે છે.
COVID-19 કોરોનાવાયરસ રોગચાળો
છેલ્લા સુધારાશે: 27 એપ્રિલ, 2020, 23:16 GMT ગ્રાફ્સ - દેશો - મૃત્યુ દર -
લક્ષણો - સેવન - ટ્રાન્સમિશન - સમાચાર
કોરોનાવાયરસ કેસ: 3,059,081
મૃત્યુ: 211,202
કોરોનાવાયરસ અપડેટ્સ
વિશ્વની વસ્તી
7,780,942,241 વર્તમાન વિશ્વ વસ્તી
45,768,649 જન્મ આ વર્ષે 96,754 જન્મ આજે
19,214,776 આ વર્ષે નીચે છે
40,620 આજની તારીખમાં 26,553,874 વસ્તી વૃદ્ધિ પામે છે
56,134 નવી વસ્તી વૃદ્ધિ આજે
સરકાર અને અર્થશાસ્ત્ર
78 3,787,134,129 પ્રજાસત્તાક આરોગ્ય સંભાળ ખર્ચ આજે $ 2,592,495,744
પ્રજાસત્તાક શિક્ષણ ખર્ચ આજે today 1,182,065,192 પ્રજાસત્તાક લશ્કરી ખર્ચ
આ વર્ષે 25,641,092 કારનું ઉત્પાદન થયું
49,168,558 સાયકલોએ આ વર્ષે ઉત્પાદિત 81,964,563 કમ્પ્યુટર આ વર્ષે ઉત્પાદન કર્યું છે
સોસાયટી અને મીડિયા
874,052 આ વર્ષે પ્રકાશિત નવા પુસ્તક શીર્ષકો
120,179,582 ન્યૂઝપેપર્સ આજે ફરતા થયા
168,255TV સેટ્સ આજે વિશ્વભરમાં વેચાયા 1,630,945 સેલ્યુલર ફોન્સ આજે વેચાયા છે
Oney 73,164,825 oney મની આજે વિડિઓગેમ્સ પર ખર્ચ કરે છે
આજે વિશ્વમાં 4,544,686,041 આંતરરાષ્ટ્રીય વપરાશકર્તાઓ
65,794,304,703 ઇમેઇલ આજે મોકલાયા છે
1,717,392 બ્લ writtenગ પોસ્ટ્સ આજે લખેલી 194,886,253 ટ્વીટ્સ આજે મોકલાઇ છે
1,794,552,970 ગૂગલ આજે શોધે છે
પર્યાવરણ
1,699,028 આ વર્ષે સૌથી વધુ નુકસાન (હેક્ટર)
2,287,351 આ વર્ષે જમીનના ધોવાણથી હારી ગયું (હેક્ટર)
આ વર્ષે 11,807,343,074CO2 ઉત્સર્જન (ટન) 3,920,437 આ વર્ષે સંશોધન (હેક્ટર)
3,199,200 ઝેરી રસાયણો બહાર પાડ્યા
આ વર્ષે પર્યાવરણમાં (ટન)
ખોરાક
2 84૨,,૧,, inndnd વિશ્વમાં સુપ્રસિદ્ધ લોકો 1,692,481,338 વિશ્વના વધુ વજનવાળા લોકો
755,498,854 વિશ્વના અન્ય લોકો
7,724 લોકો જેઓ ભૂખમરાથી મરી ગયા
Oney 145,291,109 મની સ્થૂળતા સંબંધિત ખર્ચ કર્યો
યુએસએ માં રોગો આજે
Oney 47,744,373 પૈસા વજન ઘટાડવા માટે ખર્ચ કર્યો
યુએસએ માં આજે કાર્યક્રમો
પાણી
1,421,575,893 આ વર્ષે પાણીનો ઉપયોગ (મિલિયન એલ)
275,100 પાણી સંબંધિત કારણે રોગ
રોગો આ વર્ષે
801,558,779 લોકો જેની .ક્સેસ નથી
પીવાના પાણીનો સલામત સ્ત્રોત
.ર્જા
117,879,811 આજે ઉપયોગમાં લેવાયેલ (MWh), જેમાંથી:
100,345,952- બિન-નવીનીકરણીય સ્ત્રોતો (MWh) દ્વારા
17,751,671- નવીનીકરણીય સ્ત્રોતોમાંથી (એમડબ્લ્યુએચ)
738,640,755,518 સૌર 18ર્જા ત્રાટકતી પૃથ્વી આજે (એમડબ્લ્યુએચ) 24,177,123 તેલ આજે પમ્પ (બેરલ)
1,510,373,576,315 બાકી બાકી (બેરલ)
15,751 તેલના અંત સુધી (~ 43 વર્ષ) 1,096,239,308,026 કુદરતી ગેસ બાકી (બોઇ)
57,697 કુદરતી ગેસનો અંત
4,317,092,761,349 કોલ બાકી (બોઇ)
148,865 કોલસાના અંત સુધી
આરોગ્ય
આ વર્ષે 4,240,872 કોમ્યુનિકેબલ રોગનાં મોત 158,954 આ વર્ષે સીઝનલ ફ્લૂનાં મોત
2,483,115 આ વર્ષે 5 વર્ષથી ઓછી વયના બાળકોના દાવા 13,887,931 આ વર્ષે નોંધાયેલા છે
100,973 આ વર્ષે જન્મ દરમ્યાન માતાનાં દર્દીઓ
41,749,108HIV / એડ્સ ચેપગ્રસ્ત લોકોને
549,170 આ વર્ષે એચ.આય. વી / એડ્સથી થતા રોગ
2,683,000 આ વર્ષે કેન્સરને લીધે મૃત્યુ પામ્યા છે
320,435 આ વર્ષે મેલેરિયાથી થતાં રોગ
3,822,904,133 આજે સિગારેટ પીધી છે
1,633,086 આ વર્ષે ધૂમ્રપાનને લીધે થતાં દર્દીઓ 817,058 આ વર્ષે દારૂના કારણે શ્વાસ
350,315 આ વર્ષે આત્મઘાતી દવાઓ $ ૧$,,,,688,૦87oney,૦39oney આ વર્ષે ગેરકાયદેસર દવાઓ પર ખર્ચવામાં આવેલ મની
440,985 ચાલુ વર્ષે ટ્રાફિક અકસ્માતની ઘટનામાં જાનહાનિ
તેઓ કેવી રીતે અને કઈ રસી દવાઓથી ઉપચાર કરવામાં આવ્યા છે તેનું રહસ્ય
પ્રકાશિત થવાનું રહસ્ય હશે તો વિશ્વ ખુશ થશે. આ સરકારી રૂ. 7.. લાખ અને
ખાનગી હોસ્પિટલોમાં રૂ. ૧ lakhs લાખનો ખર્ચ થશે. COVID-19 માટે રચાયેલી
તમામ સરકારો અને તેમના ટ્રસ્ટોએ હોસ્પિટલના ચાર્જ ચૂકવવા જોઈએ અને તેમના
વલણ, સુખ અને શાંતિ માટે પસંદગી પ્રમાણે પસંદ થયેલ સમાજના તમામ વર્ગમાં
સમાન રીતે દેશોની સંપત્તિનું વિતરણ કરીને સ્થળાંતર કરનારાઓને foodનલાઇન
ખોરાક અને આશ્રય આપવો જોઈએ. ભૂખમરો અને ચેપ વચ્ચે અને અંતિમ લક્ષ્ય તરીકે
શાશ્વત આનંદ પ્રાપ્ત કરવા માટે.
ભય જાગરૂકતા અવતરણો સાથે જાગૃત વ્યક્તિ અમને ડર વિશે શું શીખવે છે?
સ્વતંત્રતા માટે તમારા ડરનો વેપાર કરો. “જેણે બુદ્ધિથી જીવન જીવ્યું છે તેનાથી મૃત્યુનો ભય પણ નથી.”
“અસ્તિત્વનું સંપૂર્ણ રહસ્ય કોઈ ડર રાખવાનું નથી.
તમારાથી જે બનશે તે ક્યારેય ડરશો નહીં, કોઈ પર નિર્ભર નહીં. ફક્ત તમે જ
બધી ક્ષણોને નકારી કા youશો તે પછી જ તમે છૂટી ગયા છો. ” “જ્યારે કોઈને
દુષ્ટ પ્રત્યે અણગમોની લાગણી હોય છે, જ્યારે કોઈ શાંત લાગે છે, ત્યારે સારી
ઉપદેશો સાંભળવામાં આનંદ મળે છે; જ્યારે કોઈની આ લાગણીઓ હોય છે અને તેમની
પ્રશંસા કરે છે, ત્યારે કોઈ ભયમુક્ત છે.
”પીડા એ ઉપહાર છે
તેને ટાળવાને બદલે,
તેને સ્વીકારવાનું શીખો.
પીડા વિના,
એકાગ્રતાની પ્રેક્ટિસ દ્વારા જે મેળવવામાં આવે છે તેમાં કોઈ વૃદ્ધિ થતી નથી.પ્રતિરક છે, “કંઈ નથી!” “જોકે,
જે ખોવાઈ ગયું છે તે છે
ક્રોધ, ચિંતા, હતાશા, અસલામતી, વૃદ્ધાવસ્થા અને મૃત્યુનો ડર.
”જીવનનિર્વાહના હક વિના જીવનનો હક નિરપેક્ષ કરવામાં આવ્યો છે, જે આપત્તિ
વ્યવસ્થાપન અધિનિયમની માંગણી દ્વારા સ્થગિત કરવામાં આવી છે, જે હવે
સ્થાનેથી ભરાયેલા પ્રતિબંધોના સશક્તિકરણ નથી.
https://thewire.in/…/is-the-national-lockdown-in-india-cons…
રાષ્ટ્રીય કર્ફ્યુ બંધારણરૂપે માન્ય નથી. જો આપણે આપણા મૂળભૂત કાયદાના ચાર
ખૂણાથી આગળ વધવાની ફરજ પડે છે, તો પણ આપણે આપત્તિ વ્યવસ્થાપન અધિનિયમના
સમાન નિર્ણાયક આદેશ - એટલે કે, દુર્ઘટનાગ્રસ્ત લોકોની રાહત અને પુનર્વસન પર
ધ્યાન કેન્દ્રિત ન કરીએ, એટલે કે ગરીબ અને હાંસિયામાં ધકેલી દેવાયા.
પ્રથમ, આ હાથની જેમ રોગચાળાને સંબોધવાની બંધારણીય યોજનાની સિક્વલ છે.
બીજું, એલાર્મ માટે કોઈ કારણ નથી. જો તમે એવું તારણ કા were્યું હોત કે જે
તમારી સુરક્ષા માટે કરવામાં આવી રહ્યું છે તે કાયદેસર હોઈ શકે નહીં, તો
બંધારણીય અદાલતને આ પ્રશ્નોની ચિંતા કરવાની શક્યતા એટલી દૂરની છે જેટલી તમે
વુહાન પર તમારા પ્રથમ વેકેશન ડેસ્ટિનેશન પોસ્ટ કર્ફ્યુની જેમ નિર્ણય લેશો.
હકીકતમાં, આપણી બંધારણીય અદાલતો, તેમાંના વિડિઓ-કોન્ફરન્સના સંસ્કરણો પણ, આ
અકલ્પનીય રાષ્ટ્રીય કટોકટીના પગલે લગભગ ગડબડ થઈ ગયા છે. વર્જિનિયા
યુનિવર્સિટીના કાયદાના અધ્યાપક, મિલા વર્સ્ટીગ એટલાન્ટિકમાં લખે છે કે
જ્યારે યુનાઇટેડ સ્ટેટ્સમાં લોકડાઉનની બંધારણીય માન્યતા શંકાસ્પદ છે,
ત્યારે તે દ્વિપક્ષી સમર્થન ધરાવે છે અને લોકો, તેમની શક્તિથી ડરીને, પણ
સ્વેચ્છાએ બલિદાન આપવા તૈયાર છે તેમના અધિકાર. આ કોઈ નવી ઘટના નથી. ઘણાને
યાદ હશે કે, અમેરિકા, વર્લ્ડ ટ્રેડ સેન્ટર, આઝાદીની ધરતીના પતનને પગલે
વતનની સુરક્ષા માટે ડ્રેકracનિયન પેટ્રિઅટ એક્ટને સ્વેચ્છાએ સ્વીકાર કર્યો.
તેથી, એવું પણ માની લેવું કે ભારતના કોઈપણ પક્ષ - કેન્દ્ર, રાજ્યો અથવા
લોકોને - સમગ્ર દેશની વર્ચુઅલ ગૃહ ધરપકડ સામે કોઈ વાંધો નથી, તો શું આ
પ્રકારનો કોર્સ બંધારણીય કોશેર છે કે કેમ તે તપાસવામાં આપણને અવરોધ
shouldભો કરવો જોઇએ? જોગવાઈઓ અને ઇન્દિરાનો દુરુપયોગ 1978 માં તેમાં સુધારો
થયો તે પહેલાં, ભારતીય બંધારણની કલમ 352 માં યુદ્ધ, બાહ્ય આક્રમણ અને
આંતરિક ખલેલ - ત્રણ આધારો પર કટોકટીની ઘોષણા કરવાની મંજૂરી આપવામાં આવી
હતી. રહસ્યમય કારણોસર, 1971 માં બાંગ્લાદેશ યુદ્ધ દરમિયાન ઈન્દિરા ગાંધી
દ્વારા લાદવામાં આવેલી કટોકટીને જૂન 1975 માં ઉનાળાના દિવસે પણ રદ કરવામાં
આવી ન હતી, જ્યારે સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટના વેકેશનના એક જજ વી.આર. કૃષ્ણ yerયરે,
ભરેલા કોર્ટરૂમમાં આખો દિવસ નાના પાલખીવાલાને સાંભળ્યા. ઈન્દિરા ગાંધીએ
અલ્હાબાદ હાઈકોર્ટના ચુકાદા સામે તેમની પડકાર ફેંકી દીધો હતો અને તેમને વડા
પ્રધાન બનાવ્યા હતા. જસ્ટીસ અય્યરે તે દિવસે ધાબળ રહેવાની મંજૂરી આપી ન
હતી. તેમણે ફક્ત શ્રીમતી ગાંધીને ગૃહમાં ભાગ લેવાની મંજૂરી આપી હતી, પરંતુ
મતદાન નહીં કર્યું. મધ્યરાત્રિએ ત્યારબાદ થયેલી કટોકટીને “આંતરિક ખલેલ” ના
આધારે સ્વીકારવામાં આવી હતી - તેમાંથી ત્રણ માન્ય સ્થાનો. બંધારણ શાંત છે
કે કેમ, જ્યારે કટોકટીની ઘોષણા પહેલેથી અમલમાં છે (આર્ટિકલ under under૦
હેઠળ એક અલગ પ્રકારની ઇમરજન્સી એટલે કે ફાઇનાન્શિયલ ઇમરજન્સી સિવાય), બીજું
રજૂ કરી શકાય તેવું અથવા જરૂરી છે. પછી કુખ્યાત એડીએમ આવ્યા જબલપુર કેસ.
જેમ જેમ રાતોરાત મોટાભાગના વિપક્ષી નેતાઓની ધરપકડ કરવામાં આવી હતી, તેમાંથી
ઘણાએ સફળતાપૂર્વક હેબિયા કોર્પસને વિવિધ ઉચ્ચ અદાલતોથી મુક્ત કરવાના આદેશો
મેળવ્યા હતા. આ કેસો સુપ્રીમ કોર્ટની બંધારણીય બેંચ સમક્ષ ઉઠ્યા હતા.
એટર્ની જનરલ નીરેન દે અહેવાલ મુજબ ઇન્દિરા સરકારના વલણનો બચાવ કરવા ઇચ્છુક ન
હતા કે કટોકટી દરમિયાન જીવનનો અધિકાર પણ સ્થગિત કરી શકાય. એવું કહેવામાં
આવે છે કે તેની બ્રિટિશ પત્નીના રહેણાંકના અધિકારને રદ કરવાના ત્રાંસુ
સંકેતો પણ કોર્ટમાં ડીની હાજરી સુનિશ્ચિત કરવામાં મદદરૂપ હતા.
બાદમાં તેમણે દાવો કર્યો હતો કે તેમણે ન્યાયાધીશોને કારણસર આંચકો આપવાનો
શ્રેષ્ઠ પ્રયાસ કર્યો હતો, એવી દરખાસ્તની દલીલ કરી હતી કે કટોકટી દરમિયાન
પણ જો કોઈ વ્યક્તિ ન્યાયાધીશોની હાજરીમાં સુરક્ષા દળો દ્વારા મારી નાખવામાં
આવે તો પણ તેઓ લાચાર રહેશે. દુર્ભાગ્યે, બહુમતી ન્યાયમૂર્તિઓએ બાઈનો
કરડ્યો નહીં પરંતુ ડરપોક સહમત થયા. ન્યાયાધીશ ખન્નાએ પોતાનો પ્રખ્યાત મતભેદ
લખ્યો હતો, એવી દલીલ કરી હતી કે જીવનનો હક એ કુદરતી કાયદોનો અધિકાર છે અને
બંધારણ પૂર્વે હબેસ કોર્પસનો ઉપાય છે. તેથી, જીવનનો હક અને ગેરકાયદેસર
અટકાયત વિરુદ્ધ મુક્તિ માટે અદાલતમાં હેબિયા કોર્પસ પિટિશન ખસેડવાના ઉપાયને
પણ કટોકટી દરમિયાન સસ્પેન્ડ કરી શકાતા નથી. પરંતુ તે તર્કનો એકમાત્ર અવાજ
હતો અને બહુમતી અભિપ્રાય પ્રવર્તતો હતો. જનતાની બંધારણીય પવિત્રતા અને નવી
કાયદાકીય શાસન અદાલતે કરેલા તમામ ઉદ્યમ માટે એડીએમ જબલપુરને છ ફૂટ અંતર્ગત
દફન કરવાના તાજેતરના સમયમાં, જનતા પાર્ટીની સરકારે તે 448 માં બંધારણ
સુધારણા દ્વારા 1978 માં કર્યું હતું. મોરારજી દેસાઇની સરકાર માત્ર
“સશસ્ત્ર બળવો” સાથે “આંતરિક ખલેલ” ના સ્થાને રહી ન હતી, પરંતુ આર્ટિકલ 9
35 life માં સ્પષ્ટતા પણ કરી છે કે જીવનનો અધિકાર (આર્ટિકલ 21) અને ડબલ
જોખમમાં મુકાયેલા હક અને આત્મવિલોપન (આર્ટિકલ 20) ને પણ સસ્પેન્ડ કરી શકાતા
નથી કટોકટી દરમિયાન. બંધારણ હેઠળ, કટોકટીના સમયગાળા દરમિયાન તે છે કે
સરકારની ત્રણ પાંખો વચ્ચે સત્તાના વિભાજનની સરસતા તેમજ કેન્દ્ર અને રાજ્યો
વચ્ચે સત્તાના વિભાજનને કાયદેસર રીતે અસ્પષ્ટ કરવાની મંજૂરી છે. બંધારણ,
કટોકટી જાહેર કર્યા પછી, કેન્દ્રને રાજ્યોને જ નહીં પરંતુ જાહેર આરોગ્ય,
કાયદો અને વ્યવસ્થા અને પોલીસ જેવી બાબતોમાં વિધાનસભાને કારોબારી નિર્દેશો
આપવાની મંજૂરી આપે છે, જે અન્યથા રાજ્યના વિષય માત્ર મર્યાદિત છે. કેન્દ્ર.
સામાન્ય સમયમાં પણ, આર્ટિકલ 256 એ નક્કી કરે છે કે કેન્દ્ર સંસદ દ્વારા
બનાવેલા કાયદાઓને કેવી રીતે અમલમાં મૂકવા તે દિશા નિર્દેશો આપી શકે છે. કલમ
257 જણાવે છે કે રાજ્યોની કારોબારી શક્તિનો ઉપયોગ એવી રીતે થવો જોઈએ કે જે
કેન્દ્રની કારોબારી શક્તિને “અવરોધ અથવા પૂર્વગ્રહ” ન કરે. કેન્દ્રને આ
માટે રાજ્યોને દિશા નિર્દેશો આપવાની પણ મંજૂરી છે. આર્ટિકલ 5 35 which (જે
જનતા પાર્ટીએ આપણા ‘આંતરિક વિક્ષેપ’ ના બંધારણને સાફ કરતી વખતે સુધારવાનું
ભૂલી ગઈ છે), “બાહ્ય આક્રમણ” તેમજ “આંતરિક વિક્ષેપ” સામે રાજ્યોનું રક્ષણ
કરવા સંઘ પર બંધારણીય ફરજ લાગુ કરે છે. જ્યારે નિર્વિવાદરૂપે ‘કોરોનાવાયરસ
રોગચાળો’ ‘આંતરિક ખલેલ’ ની પરિસ્થિતિ તરીકે લાયક બનશે, તે આર્ટિકલ 2 35૨
માં અસ્તિત્વમાં છે તે ત્રણેય આધારોમાંથી ચોક્કસપણે આવરી લેવામાં આવતું
નથી, જે કેન્દ્ર સરકારને કટોકટી જાહેર કરવાની, આર્ટિકલ સહિતના મૂળભૂત
અધિકારને સસ્પેન્ડ કરવાની મંજૂરી આપશે. 19 જે નાગરિકોની મૂળભૂત
સ્વતંત્રતાઓનું રક્ષણ કરે છે, અને રાજ્યોના કારોબારી અને કાયદાકીય કાર્યોને
નિયંત્રિત કરે છે. બે સદીઓ, બે કાયદાઓ આ બંધારણીય માળખા હેઠળ, બે કાયદા
કેન્દ્ર અને રાજ્યોને કોરોનાવાયરસ સામે કામ કરવા માટેના કાનૂની આધાર પૂરા
પાડે છે. તેઓ એપીડેમિક ડિસીઝ એક્ટ, 1897 (ઇડીએ) અને ડિઝાસ્ટર મેનેજમેન્ટ
એક્ટ, 2005 (ડીએમએ) છે. સરકારનો મામલો કદાચ એ છે કે આ બંને કાયદા તેને
પૂરતી સત્તાઓ આપે છે અને બંધારણની “કટોકટી જોગવાઈઓ” પર પાછા પડવાની જરૂર
નથી. આ આ બંને કાયદાઓની નજીકથી તપાસ કરવાની બાંહેધરી આપે છે. ઈડીએ એ 19 મી
સદીની વિન્ટેજની છે, જે મૂળભૂત વ્યક્તિગત અધિકારોના આધારે બંધારણ દ્વારા
અનિયંત્રિત નિર્દય વહીવટી ઉપકરણ સાથે વસાહતી શક્તિ દ્વારા ઘડવામાં આવી હતી.
નજીકથી નજર નાખવી એ સંકેત આપશે કે આ કાયદો પણ એવી પરિસ્થિતિને ધ્યાનમાં
રાખવાનો છે કે જ્યારે કોઈ “રાજ્ય અથવા તેના કોઈપણ ભાગની મુલાકાત લેવામાં
આવે છે, અથવા તેની સાથે કોઈ ખતરનાક રોગચાળો ફાટી નીકળવાની ધમકી આપવામાં આવે
છે” અને સરકારનો મત છે કે “સામાન્ય કાયદાની જોગવાઈઓ અમલમાં છે તે હેતુ
માટે અપૂરતી છે. કાયદો ખરેખર કોઈ પણ વ્યક્તિને આવા પગલા લેવા અથવા લેવાની
જરૂર છે અથવા સશક્તિકરણ કરવાની વિશાળ સત્તા આપે છે અને જાહેર નોટિસ દ્વારા,
જાહેર દ્વારા અથવા કોઈપણ વ્યક્તિ અથવા વ્યક્તિઓના વર્ગ દ્વારા અવલોકન કરવા
માટે આવા હંગામી નિયમો લખી આપે છે કારણ કે તે માનશે આવા રોગના ફેલાવા અથવા
તેના ફેલાવાને રોકવા માટે જરૂરી છે અને તે નક્કી કરી શકે છે કે કઈ રીતે
અને કોના દ્વારા થયેલ કોઈપણ ખર્ચ (વળતર સહિત જો) ચૂકવવામાં આવશે. ” જો કે,
તે પ્રદાન કરતું નથી કે આ શક્તિનો ઉપયોગ કોઈ પણ હાલના કાયદાના ઉલ્લંઘનમાં
થઈ શકે છે, સંવિધાનનું પ્રમાણ ઓછું છે જે તે સમયે અસ્તિત્વમાં પણ નહોતું.
આપણી બંધારણીય પ્રણાલી હેઠળ, આપણા પ્રથમ પ્રજાસત્તાક દિવસ પહેલા જન્મેલા
કાયદાને જીવંત રહેવાની મંજૂરી આપવામાં આવે છે જો કે તે બંધારણની અગ્નિ
પરીક્ષા પસાર કરે. આજની તારીખે, ન તો ઇડીએ કે તેના અંતર્ગત લેવામાં આવેલા
પગલાં તે પરીક્ષણને આધિન નથી. વધુ મહત્ત્વની વાત તો એ છે કે, આ કાયદા હેઠળ
કેન્દ્ર સરકારની શક્તિ બંદરો પર જહાજોની અવરજવર અને અટકાયતને નિયંત્રિત
કરવા માટે મર્યાદિત જણાય છે.
ડિઝાસ્ટર મેનેજમેન્ટ એક્ટ શું કહે છે?
બીજો કાયદો, ડીએમએ, 21 મી સદીના વિંટેજનો છે અને તેના સ્તર માટે આપત્તિ
યોજના ઘડવા માટે રાષ્ટ્રીય, રાજ્ય અને જિલ્લા કક્ષાએ ત્રિ-સ્તરના ડિઝાસ્ટર
મેનેજમેન્ટ ઓથોરિટીની સ્થાપનાના આદેશ છે. વિભાગ 11 (3), ડીએમએ, આવી યોજનાના
પાસાઓને નિર્ધારિત કરે છે. તે નિવારણમાં લેવામાં આવતા પગલાઓ અને સજ્જતા
અને ક્ષમતાના નિવારણ માટેના વ્યવહાર સાથે છે. કલમ 19, રાહતનાં ધોરણો પૂરા
પાડવા માટેની માર્ગદર્શિકા ઘડવા રાજ્ય સત્તાને ફરજ પાડે છે. કલમ 22 (2)
(એચ) કોઈ પણ ભયજનક આપત્તિના જવાબમાં લેવાના પગલા અંગે સરકારી વિભાગોને દિશા
નિર્દેશો આપવા રાજ્ય સત્તા / કારોબારી સમિતિને મંજૂરી આપે છે. કલમ ૨ and
અને executive executive રાજ્યની કારોબારી સમિતિઓ અને જિલ્લા અધિકારીઓને
વાહન વ્યવહાર અથવા સંવેદનશીલ અથવા અસરગ્રસ્ત વિસ્તારની અંદરના લોકોની
અવરજવરને નિયંત્રિત કરવા અથવા પ્રતિબંધિત કરવા અને આવી પરિસ્થિતિ દ્વારા
લંબાઈ આપી શકાય તેવા કોઈપણ પગલા ભરવા સશક્ત છે. સરકારી વિભાગોને આવા પગલાં
અને પગલાં લેવા “બચાવ, સ્થળાંતર, તાત્કાલિક રાહત બચાવ જીવન પ્રદાન કરવા”
અંગેના સૂચનો આપી શકાય છે. વિભાગ 30 આ મોડેલને જિલ્લા કક્ષા માટે નકલ કરે
છે. કલમ 34, જિલ્લા અધિકારને “વાહનોના ટ્રાફિકને નિયંત્રિત કરવા અને
પ્રતિબંધિત કરવા” અને સાથે સાથે “જરૂરી પગલાની ભલામણ કરે છે.” કલમ 35,
કેન્દ્ર સરકારને આવા પગલાં લેવાની મંજૂરી આપે છે જેમ કે (ક) વિવિધ અધિકારીઓ
અને સરકારી વિભાગો વચ્ચે સંકલન કાર્ય (બી) દળોની તહેનાત અને (સી) “અસરકારક
અમલીકરણ” સુરક્ષિત કરવા માટે અન્ય બાબતો. કલમ 36 રાષ્ટ્રીય સત્તાના
નિર્દેશોનું પાલન કરવા માટે કેન્દ્ર સરકારના તમામ વિભાગો પર કાનૂની
જવાબદારી બનાવે છે. ડીએમએ પણ તમામ સરકારી વિભાગોને તેમની પોતાની ડિઝાસ્ટર
મેનેજમેન્ટ યોજના ઘડવાની જરૂર છે. કલમ, 47, ડીએમએ, કેન્દ્ર સરકારને
રાષ્ટ્રીય આપત્તિ નિવારણ નિધિની રચના કરવા માટે સમર્થ બનાવે છે. વિભાગ 50૦
ને સત્તા આપે છે, કોઈ ભયજનક દુર્ઘટના સમયે, સત્તાધિકારીઓ વહીવટને સામાન્ય
ટેન્ડર પ્રક્રિયાના પાલન કર્યા વિના ખરીદવાની મંજૂરી આપે છે. કોઈ પણ સરકારી
અધિકારી અથવા કર્મચારી દ્વારા કાર્યોના વિસર્જનમાં અવરોધ ધરાવતા વ્યક્તિઓ
માટે કલમ ૧ માં એક વર્ષ (જીવ ગુમાવવાના કિસ્સામાં બે વર્ષ) કેદની સજા
નિર્ધારિત છે. વોટ્સએપ અફવા મ monનર્સને એ જાણવામાં રસ હશે કે કલમ 54 નકલી
સમાચાર અથવા ખોટા અલાર્મ ફેલાવવા બદલ એક વર્ષની દંડ સૂચવે છે. કલમ 56 માં
સરકારી નોકર માટે પણ સમાન દંડ છે જેણે પોતાની ફરજ નિભાવવાનો ઇનકાર કર્યો
છે. કલમ ૧ એ એક મહત્વપૂર્ણ જોગવાઈ છે જે પીડિતોને વળતર અથવા રાહત આપવાના
મામલે જાતિ, જાતિ, સમુદાય, વંશ અથવા ધર્મના આધારે ભેદભાવ પર પ્રતિબંધ છે.
કલમ, કેન્દ્ર સરકારને સત્તાધિકારીઓ અને રાજ્ય સરકારોને બંધનકર્તા નિર્દેશો
જારી કરવાની સત્તા આપે છે. અંતે, કલમ 72 આ કાયદાને ઓવરરાઇડિંગ અસર આપે છે.
રાજ્યોને ‘આંતરિક વિક્ષેપ’ થી રક્ષણ જણાવ્યું હતું કે: “આ સંદર્ભમાં
બંધારણની કલમ 5 355 નો સંદર્ભ આપવામાં આવી શકે છે, જ્યાં બાહ્ય આક્રમણ અને
આંતરિક ખલેલ સામે દરેક રાજ્યને સુરક્ષિત રાખવા અને દરેક રાજ્યની સરકાર આ
પ્રમાણે ચાલે છે તેની ખાતરી કરવા માટે સંઘ પર ફરજ લાગુ કરવામાં આવી છે.
બંધારણની જોગવાઈઓ સાથે. આ જોગવાઈને ધ્યાનમાં રાખીને, કેન્દ્ર સરકાર એક
રાજ્યની આંતરિક અવ્યવસ્થાની પરિસ્થિતિને પહોંચી વળવા પગલાં લેવાની ફરજ હેઠળ
છે … કેન્દ્ર સરકારને તેના પર લાદવામાં આવતી જવાબદારી નિભાવવા માટે
સક્ષમ બનાવવા માટે કેન્દ્રિય અધિનિયમની જોગવાઈઓ લાગુ કરવામાં આવી છે.
બંધારણની આર્ટિકલ 5 355 હેઠળ અને બંધારણની કલમ 6 35 the ની કડક જોગવાઈઓની
જોગવાઈ કરવી જોઇએ તેવી ગંભીરતા ધારીને આંતરિક અવ્યવસ્થાને કારણે
situationભી થયેલી પરિસ્થિતિને રોકવા માટે. “સરકારીયા કમિશનના અહેવાલમાં
જણાવાયું છે કે, આર્ટિકલ 5 355 હેઠળ સંઘ રજૂ કરી શકે છે આર્ટિકલ 352
(કટોકટી) અથવા આર્ટિકલ 356 (રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શાસન) નો ઉપયોગ કર્યા વિના, દિશાઓના
વિશાળ એરે. હકીકતમાં, અહેવાલમાં રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શાસન લાગુ કરવા સામે તાકીદે
ચેતવણી આપવામાં આવી છે કે સંઘ કલમ 5 355 હેઠળ પણ રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શાસન લાદ્યા
વિના કાર્ય કરી શકે છે. આર્ટિકલ 355 તેના પોતાના પર standભા રહી શકે છે.
અહેવાલમાં સંકેત આપવામાં આવ્યું છે કે સૌ પ્રથમ ખાતરી કરવી જોઈએ કે સંઘે
કલમ 5 355 અંતર્ગત પોતાની ફરજ નિભાવવા માટે શક્ય તેટલું બધું કર્યું હતું,
જેણે આર્ટિકલ ૨ 256-૨57 હેઠળ જરૂરી નિર્દેશો જારી કર્યા છે અને રાજ્ય તેનું
પાલન કરવામાં અથવા આપવામાં નિષ્ફળ ગયું છે દિશાઓ પર અસર.
લોકશાહી
સંસ્થાઓના મર્ડરર (મોદી) ના 24 મી મેના રાષ્ટ્રને સંબોધન કરનારો
કોરોનાવાયરસ અંગેના આદેશો પસાર થયા, જેમાં સમગ્ર દેશને 21 દિવસ માટે
‘લોકડાઉન’ હેઠળ લાવવા માટે ચાર કલાકનો લીડ ટાઇમ જાહેર કરાયો હતો, રાષ્ટ્રીય
ડિઝાસ્ટર મેનેજમેન્ટ ઓથોરિટી (એનડીએમએ) ) 24 મી માર્ચે “કોરોનાવાયરસ
રોગચાળો” ને ડીએમએના અર્થમાં “આપત્તિ” ગણાવીને સામાજિક અંતર માર્ગદર્શિકા
જારી કરી હતી. કેન્દ્રીય ગૃહ સચિવે આ લોકડાઉન ગાઇડલાઇન્સને તે જ તારીખના
ઓર્ડર દ્વારા રાજ્યો અને કેન્દ્ર શાસિત પ્રદેશોમાં મોકલી આપી હતી. પગલાંમાં
તમામ બિન-આવશ્યક સરકારી મથકો, તમામ વ્યાપારી અને ખાનગી મથકો, ઉદ્યોગો,
હવાઈ, રેલ અને માર્ગ દ્વારા પરિવહન, આતિથ્ય સેવાઓ, શૈક્ષણિક સંસ્થાઓ, પૂજા
સ્થળો, રાજકીય મેળાવડાઓ વગેરેનો સમાવેશ થાય છે. તબીબી કર્મચારીઓ માટેના
કેટલાક અપવાદો, પત્રકારો, પેટ્રોલ પમ્પ, આવશ્યક સ્ટોર્સ, વગેરે પ્રદાન
કરવામાં આવ્યાં છે. જિલ્લા કલેક્ટરે દરેક જિલ્લામાં “ઘટના કમાન્ડરો” બનવાના
હોય છે જેઓ પણ નક્કી કરશે કે અપવાદ પાસ કોને આપવો જોઇએ. ડાઉનસ્ટ્રીમ,
કેટલાક રાજ્યોમાં, સક્ષમ અધિકારીઓએ 1973 ની ફોજદારી કાર્યવાહીની ધારા 144
હેઠળ આદેશો જારી કર્યા છે, જેમાં પાંચથી વધુ લોકોને જાહેર સ્થળોએ ભેગા થવા
પર પ્રતિબંધ મૂક્યો હતો. રાષ્ટ્રીય “ગૃહ-ધરપકડ” ની કાયદેસરતા જ્યારે જનતા
કર્ફ્યુ માટે ચાર દિવસનો મુખ્ય સમય આપવામાં આવ્યો હતો, કરોડો ભારતીયોને
સુવ્યવસ્થિત રીતે તેમના જીવન અને આજીવિકાની વ્યવસ્થા કરવા માટેનો સમય
આપવામાં આવ્યો હતો. રાષ્ટ્રીય લોકડાઉન પછીની અસ્તવ્યસ્તતાનો પુરાવો રેલવે
સ્ટેશનો, આંતર-રાજ્ય બસ ટર્મિનલ્સ, રાજ્યની સરહદો, મજૂર બજારો વગેરેમાં
હ્રદયસ્પર્શી દ્રશ્યો દ્વારા પુરાવો મળ્યો છે જ્યાં ઘણા લોકો દૂર બેકાબૂ
બનીને બેરોજગારીનો સમયગાળો ભોગવે છે. તેમના ઘરો અભયારણ્ય. ૨૦૧૧ ની વસ્તી
ગણતરી મુજબ, ભારતમાં million૧ મિલિયન સ્થળાંતર કામદારો છે. તે ઘરેલું
કામદારો, દૈનિક વેતન અને બાંધકામ કામદારોમાં ઉમેરો. સ્વીકાર્યું, વડા
પ્રધાન, ઘણા મુખ્ય પ્રધાનો અને સરકારી સલાહકારોએ તાળાબંધીના સમયગાળા માટે
નોકરીદાતાઓને વેતન નહીં ઘટાડવાની સલાહ આપી છે. જો કે, બાંયધરીકૃત વેતન અથવા
થોડી ઓછી આવક અથવા વળતર વિના, જીવનનો હક, જેમાં આ નિરાધાર કામદારોના
જીવનનિર્વાહનો હક શામેલ છે, શું ડીએમએ સાથે વાંચેલા આર્ટિકલ 256 પર પાછા
આવીને ખાલી કરી શકાય છે? આપણે જોયું છે કે જનતા સરકારના સુધારા પછી,
કટોકટીની formalપચારિક જાહેરાત કરવામાં આવે તો પણ, જીવનનો અધિકાર છીનવી
શકાય નહીં. હાલના કિસ્સામાં, કટોકટીની જોગવાઈઓ પણ માંગવામાં આવી નથી. જો
સરકાર બંધારણની કટોકટી જોગવાઈઓને બાયપાસ કરી શકે અને સાર્વત્રિક સંમતિ હોવા
છતાં આવા કડક પગલાઓ શરૂ કરી શકે, તો કોઈ સારી રીતે પૂછે છે કે આવી જોગવાઈઓ
- જેમાં માત્ર મૂળભૂત અધિકારોને સસ્પેન્ડ કરવામાં આવી શકે તેવું નિર્દેશન
નથી, પરંતુ બંધારણીય- આવા સસ્પેન્શન ઉપર કાયદાકીય દેખરેખ - સંપૂર્ણ અર્થહીન
તરીકે રજૂ કરવામાં આવી છે.
કલમ 144 હેઠળના ઓર્ડર, સીઆરપીસી સામૂહિક
વિધાનસભાને પ્રતિબંધિત કરે છે, ત્યારે એનડીએમએ કોઈ “લોકડાઉન” કરી શકે છે જે
નાગરિકના દરવાજા પર “લાખોમેન રેખા” ખેંચે છે અને તેને 21 દિવસ માટે
વર્ચુઅલ કેદમાં દબાણ કરે છે? શું આ દૈનિક હોડ, શેરી વિક્રેતા, સ્થળાંતર
કરનાર કામદાર, નાના વેપારીને વર્ચ્યુઅલ મૃત્યુ સજા નથી? કલમ (એ) અને ())
કલમ એ સરકારને નાગરિકોને આજીવિકાના પર્યાપ્ત સાધનનો અધિકાર છે તે સુનિશ્ચિત
કરવા પગલાં લેવાની જરૂર છે, અને નાગરિકો આર્થિક આવશ્યકતા દ્વારા તેમને
વહિતમાં પ્રવેશ માટે ફરજ પાડતા નથી. આ જવાબદારીઓ રાજ્ય નીતિના નિર્દેશક
સિદ્ધાંતો પૈકી છે જે દેશના શાસન માટે મૂળભૂત માનવામાં આવે છે. હાલનું
લdownકડાઉન એવી શરતોનું નિર્માણ કરશે જે આ જવાબદારીઓથી વિરુદ્ધ ચાલે છે.
COVID-19 અને આર્થિક મૃત્યુ વચ્ચેની પસંદગી એ સખત છે. નાગરિક, કોઈ પણ ઉમદા
હેતુ માટે, તેના પસંદ કરવાના અધિકારથી પણ વંચિત રહી ગયો છે. અનિવાર્ય
ઇંટબેટ્સને જોખમમાં મૂકતા, હું કહું છું કે આ ખૂબ જ મુશ્કેલ પસંદગીઓ છે કે
જેને સંતુલન અધિનિયમની જરૂર હતી - જે, અમારા એક પાડોશી દેશના નેતાના
જણાવ્યા મુજબ, દબાણપૂર્વક બંધ કરાવવાના નિર્ણય સામે તેના પર વજન ઉતારે છે.
કલમ ૧44 સીઆરપીસી તેમજ રાજ્ય પોલીસ અધિનિયમની કલમ જોગવાઈઓ (જેમ કે કલમ (૦
()), દિલ્હી પોલીસ અધિનિયમ, ૧888) સામાન્ય રીતે એસેમ્બલીઓને પ્રતિબંધિત કરે
છે. પરંતુ લોકડાઉન ‘લક્સ્મ Reન રેખા’ આપણા બધાં ઘરના દરવાજે લઈ ગયું છે.
ફરીથી, મૂળભૂત મુદ્દા પર પાછા ફરવું - કટોકટીની ઘોષણા કર્યા વિના અને તેથી,
આંદોલનનો અધિકાર અને આજીવિકાના અધિકાર હજી ચાલુ છે, તે “લોક-ડાઉન”
બંધારણીય રીતે માન્ય છે?
પ્રતિવાદી દલીલો માટે સભાન. જ્યારે
રાષ્ટ્રના જીવનનો ખૂબ જ અધિકાર લગાડવામાં આવે છે, ત્યારે આવી બંધારણીય
દલીલો પાખંડ છે. છેવટે, જરૂરિયાતનો સિધ્ધાંત જોરથી અને સ્પષ્ટ રીતે જાહેર
કરે છે કે “જરૂરિયાતને કોઈ કાયદો ખબર નથી”.
જે પણ મૂલ્યવાન છે તે
માટે, જો આપણે સ્વીકારવા તૈયાર થઈએ કે આ અણધાર્યો સમય અમને આપણા મૂળભૂત
કાયદાના ચાર ખૂણાથી આગળ વધવા માટે દબાણ કરે છે, તો આપણે ઓછામાં ઓછા બંને
EDA ના સમાન નિર્ણાયક આદેશ પર ધ્યાન કેન્દ્રિત ન કરીએ. ડીએમએ તરીકે - એટલે
કે રાહત અને દુર્ઘટનાથી અસરગ્રસ્ત પુનર્વસન, એટલે કે ગરીબ અને સૌથી વધુ
હાંસિયામાં. વળી, રાષ્ટ્રીય સંકટની આ ઘડીમાં વહીવટને પૂરા દિલથી ટેકો આપવો એ
દરેક ભારતીયનું કર્તવ્ય છે, ત્યારે નિર્ણાયક મુદ્દાઓને ધ્વજવંદન કરવાનું
પણ એટલું જ મહત્વનું છે - જેમ કે, ડીએમએ દ્વારા ફરજિયાત ડિઝાસ્ટર ફંડ
ચલાવવામાં આવ્યું છે? શું ઈડીએ હેઠળ વળતરના વિતરણની પ્રક્રિયા ચિંતન હેઠળ
છે? મને ડર છે કે અમારા સામૂહિક મૌનથી, અમે કલ્પનાશીલ પ્રમાણની દુર્ઘટનાનાં
બીજ સારી રીતે વાવી શકીએ છીએ, જે આપણે લાંબા સમય સુધી પાક કરીશું. મોદી
ખાનગી અને તમામ વિપક્ષી પાર્ટીઓ સાથે ભાગીદારી કરે છે
ખેડુતોને સહાયતા માટે આવક પ્રમાણસર અને તાજેતરના ખેતીવાડી સાધનોનો ખર્ચ કરીને કૃષિને મદદ કરવી જોઇએ. ફાર્મ અને મંત્રાલય ust be a
સમુદાય સમર્થિત કૃષિ સંગઠન, સભ્યો અને પડોશીઓને સાપ્તાહિક તેમના પાકના
શેર પૂરા પાડે છે, અને સભ્યોએ શેર ખરીદવા અને દાન કરવા પ્રોત્સાહિત કર્યા
છે. સ્થાનિક ગરીબી રાહત એજન્સીઓ ખેતરની નજીકના સ્થળોએ જરૂરીયાતમંદ લોકોને
દાનનું વિતરણ કરે છે. કૃષિ ઇકોલોજી, પ્રાયોગિક ફાર્મ-આધારિત શિક્ષણ,
નેતૃત્વની રચના અને મંદિરની માલિકીની જમીન કારભારિની આસપાસ રાષ્ટ્રીય પહેલ
સાથે સંકળાયેલું કાર્ય. પુનર્જીવિત કૃષિ પદ્ધતિઓનો ઉપયોગ કરીને ખોરાકનો
વિકાસ કરો. સભ્યોએ તેમની સાપ્તાહિક લણણીના શેર ખરીદવા જોઈએ; તેમના પાકોના
આશરે એક ક્વાર્ટર, જરૂરિયાતમંદ લોકોને વિતરણ માટે સ્થાનિક ગરીબી રાહત
એજન્સીને આપવી આવશ્યક છે. વંશપરંપરાગત ઘઉંના મંત્રાલયને પણ પ્રાયોજિત કરો,
જ્યાં સમુદાયના સભ્યોએ સભ્ય મંદિરો માટે રૂપાંતરણ બ્રેડનો ઉપયોગ કરવા માટે
હાથ પ્લાન્ટ અને હાથથી કાપતી ઘઉં.
પરંતુ સૌથી અગત્યનું, તેમનું ફાર્મ એક જીવંત પ્રયોગશાળા છે - એ
અમારા સંબંધોની ઇરાદાપૂર્વકની શોધખોળ માટે પવિત્ર જગ્યા
જમીન, તેમના પડોશી વાવેતર અને પાક ભેગા કરવા માટે નિયમિતપણે એકઠા થાય છે,
સમુદાયમાં સખત મહેનતનો આનંદ ફરીથી શોધી કા handsવા માટે હાથ ગંદા કરવા. વિધાનસભા પર સંપૂર્ણ સત્તા સાથે,
એક્ઝિક્યુટિવ, ન્યાયપાલિકા, ચિત્પવન બ્રહ્મ જાણે છે કે કેવી રીતે પૂર્વના
અસ્પૃશ્યોને અસ્પૃશ્યતાની ચુંગાલમાં રાખવી! એક સમયે ભોજન સાથે હંગર સામે
લડવું તે સમયે અન્નદાનામની પરંપરાને પાછો લાવતાં ઓનરેસ્ટ વોઇસ Allફ ઓલ
એબોરિજિનલ જાગૃત સમાજો દ્વારા લોકશાહી સંસ્થાઓના મર્ડરર અને પાતળી સંસ્થાના
માસ્ટર (મોદી) ને સંવેદનશીલ લોકો માટે પોષણ પૂરું પાડતું કાયદો પસાર
કરવાની વિનંતી છે.
જાગરૂકતાની સાથે જાગૃત થવું એ એક પોષણયુક્ત
વિશ્વ તરફ નેતૃત્વ આપવા માટે વિશ્વભરની મહિલાઓ અને બાળકોની સાથે standભા
રહેવાનું કહે છે. હંગર વેન પ્રોગ્રામનો ઉપયોગ કરો અને processનલાઇન
પ્રક્રિયામાં ખાદ્ય કન્ટેનરોમાં ખાદ્યપદાર્થોનો વપરાશ દરેક ઘરે પહોંચે
ત્યાં સુધી કે COVID-19 ને કારણે લોકશાહી સંસ્થાઓના મહેસૂલ મર્ડરર અને મંદ
પાળી સંસ્થાના માસ્ટર (મોદી) ને રૂ .15,51,004 મળ્યું છે 2017-18 દરમિયાન
રૂ. જાન્યુઆરી 2020 સુધીમાં ટેક્સની આવક 12,42,662 કરોડ અને 12,82,857 કરોડ
રૂપિયા છે. કરની આવક રૂ .9,98,037 કરોડ છે, જ્યારે બિન-કરવેરાની આવક રૂ.
2,52,083 કરોડ છે. બિન-દેવું મૂડી રસીદો રૂ .32,737 કરોડ છે, જેમાં રૂ.
18,351 કરોડની ડિવાઇસમેન્ટની આવકનો સમાવેશ થાય છે, જે બેન ઇઝરાઇલ, તિબેટ,
આફ્રિકા, પૂર્વી યુરોપ, પશ્ચિમ જર્મની, ઉત્તરીય યુરોપ, દક્ષિણ, રશિયા,
હંગેરી વગેરેના વિદેશીઓના હાથમાં છે. , રક્ષા રાઉડી સ્વયં સેવકો (આરએસએસ)
ના ચિતપાવણ બ્રાહ્મણો, માતાની માંસ ખાનારા, ગુલામો, કડીઓ, ચામચાઓ, ચેલાઓ
અને ચિત્પવન બ્રાહ્મણોના બુટલાકર, બેવકૂફ ઝૂઠે સાયકોપેથ (ભાજપ) ના
તિરસ્કાર, અસહિષ્ણુતા, ક્રોધ, આતંકવાદ, હિંસકતા, હિંસકતા, હિંસકતા,
હિંસકતા, હિંસકતા, હિંસકતા, હિંસકતા વિશ્વનો એક આતંકવાદી, ક્યારેય શૂટિંગ,
ટોળું બપોરના ભોજન, માનસિક રીતે મંદ,, 99..9% તરફ પાગલ, એસસી / એસટી /
ઓબીસી / ધાર્મિક લઘુમતીઓ અને બિન-ચિટપાવન બ્રાહ્મણો સહિતના તમામ આદિજાતિ
જાગૃત સમાજો.
આખી આવક હવે ચિતપવન બ્રાહ્મણો પાસે છે. ની બદલે
આર.એસ.એસ. / બીજેપી દ્વારા કોવિડ -૧ than કરતા વધુ ઘાતક કોમી કોવિડ -૧
creating બનાવવી, તે જાગૃત .9 99..9% નો પ્રામાણિક અવાજ હોવો જોઈએ
આપણી આવક અંગે સોશિયલ મીડિયા દ્વારા વિરોધી પક્ષો શિક્ષિત, સંગઠિત અને
આંદોલન કરવા અને મોદી અને ચિત્પવન બ્રાહ્મણોને પોસ્ટલનો ઉપયોગ કરીને
જરૂરિયાતમંદ ભૂખ્યા જનતામાં વિતરણ કરવા દબાણ કરે છે.
ખાતા અને
whoનલાઇન ખાદ્યપદાર્થોમાં ભોજન પીરસવા માટે આઇટી વિભાગ અને તેમની વાન, ટ્રક
અને અન્ય વાહનો સાથેની વસ્તી ગણતરીમાં ભાગ લેનાર વિભાગ. જાતિ-કોવિડ -19 -
તેમનું થોડું કનેક્શન છે! COVID-19 એ લોકોને કરફ્યુ હેઠળ દબાણ કર્યું!
કર્ફ્યુએ લોકોને સિનેમાને સમય પસાર કરવાની ફરજ પડી! સિનેમાએ લોકોને
ચિત્રમાં વર્ણવેલ જ્teાતિની સંસ્કૃતિને અનુસરવા દબાણ કર્યું! સિનેમાની બધી
વાર્તાઓ જાતિ પ્રણાલીની અસર છે! આ દેશ જાતિની ભૂમિ છે! જાતિ એ વાસ્તવિકતા
છે!
જાતિએ દેશની પ્રગતિનો ભોગ લીધો છે! જાતિના લોકોને વિદેશી લોકોને
લાભ મળે છે રાઉડી રક્ષા સ્વયં સેવકસ (આરએસએસ) ના બેન ઇઝરાયલ ચિત્પાવન
બ્રાહ્મણથી લોકશાહી સંસ્થાના મર્ડરને અને બેવકૂફ ઝૂથે સાયકોપેથ્સ (ભાજપ) ના
માસ્ટર, જે ગુલામ, કુંટરો, બુટલીકર, ચમચા, ચેલા અને પોતાના છે તેના
નિયંત્રણ કરે છે. માતાનું માંસ ખાનારા મનુસ્મૃતિને સમર્થન આપે છે જે કહે છે
કે ચિત્પવન બ્રાહ્મણો 1 લી દરના રમતવીરો (આત્માઓ), ક્ષત્રિય અને વૈશ્ય /
બાણીયા છે, 2 જી, 3 જી, ચોથા દરના આત્માઓ તરીકે શુદ્રો અને એસ.ટી. /
એસ.ટી.એસ. . જેથી તેમના પર તમામ પ્રકારના અત્યાચાર થઈ શકે. પરંતુ બુદ્ધ
ક્યારેય કોઈ આત્મામાં વિશ્વાસ કરતા નહોતા. તેણે કહ્યું કે બધા સમાન છે.
તેથી બાબાસાહેબ ડો.બી.આર.અમ્બેકરે તમામ જાગૃત એબોરિજિનલ સોસાયટીઓને તેમના
મૂળ ઘર બૌદ્ધ ધર્મમાં પાછા ફરવા માટે બનાવ્યા. જાતિએ શુદ્રો (બી.સી. /
ઓ.બી.સી.), અસ્પૃશ્યો (એસ.સી.), આદિજાતિઓ (એસ.ટી.) અને રૂપાંતરિત લઘુમતીઓ
(મુસ્લિમો, ક્રિસ્ટિયન, શિખ, લિંગાયત, બૌદ્ધ વગેરે) ને મુલનિવાસીઓને ગુલામ
તરીકે ઓળખાવતા અને મૂળભૂત અધિકારનો ભોગ બનાવ્યો છે તેવા 85% ની અધોગતિ થઈ
છે! કોઈપણ કુદરતી આફતીમાં દુષ્કાળ, પૂર, રોગચાળો, આ મુલ્નિવાસી આશ્રિતો
તરીકે સૌથી વધુ અસરગ્રસ્ત હશે, તેઓ સંકટનો સામનો કરવા માટે પાયાની
સુવિધાઓનો અભાવ છે!
તેઓ રોજગાર મેળવનારા છેલ્લે અને ફાયરિંગ કરનારા પ્રથમ છે!
બધા જીવના સ્વાસ્થ્ય કર્મચારીઓ અને આરોગ્ય રક્ષકો
મુંસિપાલ્ટી કામદારો વર્તમાન દૃશ્યમાં શ્રેષ્ઠ ઉદાહરણો છે! તો જ્ COાતિ એ
એક માણસ છે જે વાયરસથી બનેલો COVID-19 સહિતના કોઈપણ વાયરસથી ખરાબ છે!
COVID-19 એ લેબ બનાવનાર વાયરસ હોવાને લીધે ટૂંક સમયમાં કર્ફ્યુ અને જાહેર
પ્રયત્નોના દબાણમાં આવી શકે છે! પરંતુ જાતિ કહેવાતા COVID-19 કરતા સૌથી
ભયંકર વાયરસ આપણને ખૂબ અસર કરશે.
આઝાદી પછી સરકાર દ્વારા કોવિડ -19
ની જેમ નાશ કરવાનો કોઈ પ્રયાસ કરવામાં આવ્યો ન હતો, જાતિને નરી આંખે
દેખાતી નથી; તે અનુભવનો સામનો કરવો પડે છે કારણ કે તે માત્ર એક કલ્પના છે!
COVID-19 એ વિશ્વમાં તેના નિયંત્રણ માટે “સોશિયલ ડિસ્ટન્સિંગ” નામની
સિસ્ટમ લાવી! પરંતુ આપણા દેશ માટે તે નવી વાત નથી, કારણ કે તે જાતિ
વ્યવસ્થાના કેન્દ્રમાં એક ઘટના છે. સામાજિક અંતર અન્યથા અસ્પૃશ્યતાની પ્રથા
છે! COVID-19 એ લોકોને અલગ પણ કરી દીધા પણ ફરીથી તે જ્ casteાતિનો મુખ્ય
પાત્ર છે કેમ કે તેનો મુખ્ય હેતુ જીવનમાં જુદો પાડવાનો છે! ફક્ત એટલો જ
તફાવત એ છે કે કોવિડ -19 ની ઘટના અસ્થાયી છે જ્યારે જાતિની કાયમી છે!
હકીકતમાં, જો આપણા દેશમાં કોઈ જાતિ ન હોત, તો વિશ્વમાં તેના સ્થાનિક લાભને
લીધે COVID-19 જાતે આપણા દેશમાં ન આવી હોત! લોકશાહી સંસ્થા (મોદી) ના મર્ડર
દ્વારા શાસનની સમસ્યા છે જેણે માસ્ટર કી બીટીને છેતરપિંડી કરી ઇવીએમ /
વીવીપીએટીમાં છેતરપિંડી કરીને ચૂંટણી જીતી હતી!
જ્teાતિ વ્યવસ્થા સારી શાસનની મંજૂરી આપતી નથી!
તેથી, જ્ casteાતિ પ્રણાલીના રક્ષણ માટે, તેઓએ પહેલા મહિલાઓને ‘ગુલામ’
બનાવી અને તેના પ્રસારની જવાબદારી સોંપી! મહિલાઓ જાતિના રક્ષણ માટે
“સ્ત્રીધર્મ, પાટીવ્રાત, શુદ્ધતા-પ્રદૂષણ, પિતૃસત્તા, અંતogપ્રેમી વગેરેનું
પાલન કરે છે!
તેના સમર્થન માટે, યોગ્ય કુટુંબ પદ્ધતિ, રીતરિવાજો,
પરંપરાઓ, સમુદાય પ્રણાલી, ભગવાનની દેવીઓ, તહેવારો, મંદિરો, લગ્ન પ્રણાલી,
તહેવારો, ગામની વ્યવસ્થા વગેરે બનાવવામાં આવી હતી. જાતિને મજબૂત અને કાયમી
ધોરણે મજબૂત રાખવા, અનામત પદ્ધતિએ 15% ના ફાયદા માટે ચામચા (એજન્ટો) દ્વારા
85% ની વચ્ચે નેતૃત્વનો નાશ કરવા ઉપરાંત મદદ કરી!
તે જ સમયે, આપણા
દેશના સિનેમાએ લોકોને, ધાર્મિક, ભાવનાત્મક, જાતિવાદી, અનૈતિક,
અંધશ્રદ્ધાળુ, અંધ અનુયાયીઓ, હિંસાના સમર્થકો, નફરત કરનારા, અહંકારવાદી,
સ્વાર્થી, તમામ સારી વિધિઓનું ઉલ્લંઘન કરવા માટે જાતિના ગુનેગારો માટે ખૂબ જ
મદદ કરી. જેમ કે હત્યા, ચોરી, ખોટું કહેવું, જાતીય ગેરવર્તન અને
આલ્કોહોલિક પીણાં અને ડ્રગ્સનો વપરાશ વગેરે.
દેશના સિનેમા / સીરીયલોનો ઉદ્દેશ જાતિના મૂલ્યોને વિકસિત કરવાનો છે અને તે શિક્ષિત અને નિરક્ષર વર્ગમાં સંસ્કૃતિની છે
મનોરંજનનું નામ, લોકશાહી, પ્રજાસત્તાક, બંધારણ,
સ્વતંત્રતા, સમાનતા, બંધુત્વ અને ન્યાયને પ્રોત્સાહન આપશે!
સિનેમાએ સામાન્ય ગુંદાવાદ (શેરી રોદીવાદ), દારૂની સંસ્કૃતિ, હિંસા,
બળાત્કાર, પથ્થરની ઉપાસના, જાતિ પરંપરા, સ્ત્રી-ધર્મ (સતી-સાવિત્રીના
અનુયાયીઓ) વગેરેને ભારતીય સંસ્કૃતિ તરીકે ગણાવી!
આ પ્રસંગનો લાભ
ઉઠાવતા, રામાયણ અને મહાભારત મહાકાવ્ય જેનાં માલિકો વાલ્મિકી છે, વ્યાસ એસસી
/ એસટીએસ સિરીયલો આરએસએસ (રાઉડી રક્ષા સ્વયં સેવકો) સરળતાથી તૈયાર કરવા
લાગ્યા!
તો, COVID-19, સિનેમા અને જાતિ એ ભારતીયો માટે જીવલેણ સંયોજન છે! તેથી બહુજનએ સિનેમા છોડીને બુદ્ધ, બસાવા, પેરિયાર,
ફૂલે અને આંબેડકર લડવાની તેમની પ્રતીતિને મજબૂત કરવાના વિચારો
સૌથી ભયંકર જીવલેણ વાયરસ, જેને “જાતિ” કહેવામાં આવે છે. નહિંતર, દેશનું
સિનેમા / સિરિયલ અથવા સિનેમા અથવા ભક્તિ ગીતો સાંભળવાનો અર્થ જાતિ
વ્યવસ્થાને મજબૂત બનાવવાનો છે! કોવિડ -૧ fight સામે લડવા માટે જાહેર અને
સરકાર બંને એકઠા થયા છે, પરંતુ જ્ casteાતિ નામના સૌથી ખરાબ વાયરસ સામે
લડવા માટે, જેણે આપણા જીવનને દયનીય બનાવી દીધું છે, ફક્ત ready%% લોકોએ
તૈયાર થવું પડશે, કારણ કે ૧ maintain% લાભાર્થીઓ સ્થિતિ જાળવવા તમામ પ્રયાસ
કરી રહ્યા છે. યથાવત. “કોવિડ -19 પછી ચાલો જાતિનો પીછો કરવા તૈયાર થઈ જઈએ”
આપણે બરાબર રાખી નથી રહ્યા!
The Awakened One with Awareness replied, “Any such river can be halted
with the dam of mindfulness. This is why he called mindfulness the flood
stopper. With wisdom you can close the flood gates.”
Undertake
work while staying indoors, have to do our work and we have to take
care of the society. Sleep and get up early morning. Follow the curfew
then the work of All Aboriginal Awakened Societies can be done. Train
the parents to teach their children to wash their clothes, take bath and
iron their clothes. We
can practice concentration in different postures of the body with our
family members in smaller groups of five-seven within families.
We
have to remember Voice of All Aboriginal Awakened Societies in spirit.
Educate them in English and own mother tongue and also all the 116
classical languages of the world using https://translate.google.com.
Awakened One with Awareness teachings on
When the Awakened One with Awareness was asked
“Chaos is inherent in all compounded things. Strive on with diligence.”
“To be idle is a short road to death and to be diligent is a way of life; foolish people are idle, wise people are diligent.”
“I never see what has been done; I only see what remains to be done.”
“Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.”
“It
is better to conquer yourself than to win a thousand battles. Then the
victory is yours. It cannot be taken from you, not by angels or by
demons, heaven or hell.”
“It is better to travel well than to arrive.”
“Peace comes from within. Do not seek it without.”
“The only real failure in life is not to be true to the best one knows.”
“There
is nothing more dreadful than the habit of doubt. Doubt separates
people. It is a poison that disintegrates friendships and breaks up
pleasant relations. It is a thorn that irritates and hurts; it is a
sword that kills.”
“Thousands
of candles can be lighted from a single candle, and the life of the
candle will not be shortened. Happiness never decreases by being
shared.”
“We are what we think. All that we are arises with our thoughts. With our thoughts, we make the world.”
“What we think, we become.“
Thoughts and ideas go further through action.
“A jug fills drop by drop.”
“An idea that is developed and put into action is more important than an idea that exists only as an idea.”
“Hatred does not cease through hatred at any time. Hatred ceases through compassion.
This is an unalterable law.”
“Have compassion for all beings, rich and poor alike; each has their suffering. Some suffer too much, others too little.”
“Holding on to anger is
like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else;
you are the one who gets burned.”
“In a controversy the
instant we feel anger we have already ceased striving for the truth, and
have begun striving for ourselves.”
“Teach
this triple truth to all: A generous mind, kind speech, and a life of
service and compassion are the things which renew humanity.”
“To understand everything is to forgive everything.”
“You will not be punished for your anger, you will be punished by your anger.”
Health
A healthy mind and body empower us for life.
“Every human being is the author of his own health or disease.”
“Health is the greatest gift, contentment the greatest wealth, faithfulness the best relationship.”
“The secret of health for both mind and body is not to mourn for the
past, worry about the future, or anticipate troubles, but to live in
the present moment wisely and earnestly.”
“To enjoy good health, to bring true happiness to one’s family, to
bring peace to all, one must first discipline and control one’s own
mind. If a man can control his mind he can find the way to Awakenment
with Awareness and all wisdom and virtue will naturally come to him.”
“To keep the body in good health is a duty … otherwise we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear.”
“Without health life is not life; it is only a state of languor and suffering an image of death.”
Life and Living
Life is a journey and wisdom is the North Star.
“He
who experiences the unity of life sees his own Self in all beings, and
all beings in his own Self, and looks on everything with an impartial
eye.”
“Just as a candle cannot burn without fire, men cannot live without a spiritual life.”
“Just as treasures are
uncovered from the earth, so virtue appears from good deeds, and wisdom
appears from a pure and peaceful mind. To walk safely through the maze
of human life, one needs the light of wisdom and the guidance of
virtue.”
“Life is suffering.”
“The foot feels the foot when it feels the ground with bare foot.”
“There has to be evil so that good can prove its purity above it.”
“To live a pure unselfish life, one must count nothing as one’s own in the midst of abundance.”
“When you realize how perfect everything is you will tilt your head back and laugh at the sky.”
“You cannot travel the path until you have become the path itself.”
“Your work is to discover your work and then with all your mind to give yourself to it.”
Compassion,Connection, and Unity
We have an impact, and we’re worth it.
“All
things appear and disappear because of the concurrence of causes and
conditions. Nothing ever exists entirely alone; everything is in
relation to everything else.”
“Ambition is like compassion, impatient both of delays and rivals.”
“Unity can only be manifested by the Binary. Unity itself and the idea of Unity are already two.”
“You
can search throughout the entire universe for someone who is more
deserving of your compassion and affection than you are yourself, and
that person is not to be found anywhere. You yourself, as much as
anybody in the entire universe deserve your love and affection.”
Mind, Thought, and Thinking
Our thoughts shape us, and the world around us.
“All wrong-doing arises because of mind. If mind is transformed can wrong-doing remain?”
“An
insincere and evil friend is more to be feared than a wild beast; a
wild beast may wound your body, but an evil friend will wound your
mind.”
“Believe nothing, no matter where you read it, or who said it, no
matter if I have said it, unless it agrees with your own reason and your
own common sense.”
“He is able who thinks he is able.”
“It is a man’s own mind, not his enemy or foe, that lures him to evil ways.”
“The mind is everything. What you think you become.”
“Those who are free of resentful thoughts surely find peace.”
“We are what we think. All that we are arises with our thoughts. With our thoughts, we make the world.”
Personal Development
Master yourself.
“Do not overrate what you have received, nor envy others. He who envies others does not obtain peace of mind.”
“The virtues, like the Muses, are always seen in groups. A good principle was never found solitary in any breast.”
“To conquer oneself is a greater task than conquering others.”
“Virtue is persecuted more by the wicked than it is loved by the good.”
“We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think. When the mind is pure, joy follows like a shadow that never leaves.”
Self-Reliance
Don’t let yourself down.
“No one saves us but ourselves. No one can and no one may. We ourselves must walk the path.”
“Work out your own salvation. Do not depend on others.”
Speech
Choose your words carefully.
“A
dog is not considered a good dog because he is a good barker. A man is
not considered a good man because he is a good talker.”
“Better than a thousand hollow words, is one word that brings peace.”
“The tongue like a sharp knife … Kills without drawing blood.”
“The wise ones fashioned speech with their thought, sifting it as grain is sifted through a sieve.”
“Whatever words we utter should be chosen with care for people will hear them and be influenced by them for good or ill.”
Truth
It’s all around us.
“In
the sky, there is no distinction of east and west; people create
distinctions out of their own minds and then believe them to be true.”
“There are only two mistakes one can make along the road to truth; not going all the way, and not starting.”
“Three things cannot be long hidden: the sun, the moon, and the truth.”
in 01) Classical Magahi Magadhi,
02) Classical Chandaso language,
03)Magadhi Prakrit,
04) Classical Hela Basa (Hela Language),
05) Classical Pāḷi
06) Classical Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- शास्त्रीय हिंदी,
07) Classical Cyrillic
08) Classical Afrikaans– Klassieke Afrikaans
09) Classical Albanian-Shqiptare klasike,
10) Classical Amharic-አንጋፋዊ አማርኛ,
11) Classical Arabic-اللغة العربية الفصحى
12) Classical Armenian-դասական հայերեն,
13) Classical Azerbaijani- Klassik Azərbaycan,
14) Classical Basque- Euskal klasikoa,
15) Classical Belarusian-Класічная беларуская,
16) Classical Bengali-ক্লাসিক্যাল বাংলা,
17) Classical Bosnian-Klasični bosanski,
18) Classical Bulgaria- Класически българск,
19) Classical Catalan-Català clàssic
20) Classical Cebuano-Klase sa Sugbo,
21) Classical Chichewa-Chikale cha Chichewa,
22) Classical Chinese (Simplified)-古典中文（简体）,
23) Classical Chinese (Traditional)-古典中文（繁體）,
24) Classical Corsican-Corsa Corsicana,
25) Classical Croatian-Klasična hrvatska,
26) Classical Czech-Klasická čeština,
27) Classical Danish-Klassisk dansk,Klassisk dansk,
28) Classical Dutch- Klassiek Nederlands,
29) Classical English,Roman
30) Classical Esperanto-Klasika Esperanto,
31) Classical Estonian- klassikaline eesti keel,
32) Classical Filipino klassikaline filipiinlane,
33) Classical Finnish- Klassinen suomalainen,
34) Classical French- Français classique,
35) Classical Frisian- Klassike Frysk,
36) Classical Galician-Clásico galego,
37) Classical Georgian-კლასიკური ქართული,
38) Classical German- Klassisches Deutsch,
39) Classical Greek-Κλασσικά Ελληνικά,
40) Classical Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી,
41) Classical Haitian Creole-Klasik kreyòl,
42) Classical Hausa-Hausa Hausa,
43) Classical Hawaiian-Hawaiian Hawaiian,
44) Classical Hebrew- עברית קלאסית
45) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
46) Classical Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,
47) Classical Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
48) Classical Igbo,Klassískt Igbo,
49) Classical Indonesian-Bahasa Indonesia Klasik,
50) Classical Irish-Indinéisis Clasaiceach,
51) Classical Italian-Italiano classico,
52) Classical Japanese-古典的なイタリア語,
53) Classical Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
54) Classical Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
55) Classical Kazakh-Классикалық қазақ,
56) Classical Khmer- ខ្មែរបុរាណ,
57) Classical Kinyarwanda
58) Classical Korean-고전 한국어,
59) Classical Kurdish (Kurmanji)-Kurdî (Kurmancî),
60) Classical Kyrgyz-Классикалык Кыргыз,
61) Classical Lao-ຄລາສສິກລາວ,
62) Classical Latin-LXII) Classical Latin,
63) Classical Latvian-Klasiskā latviešu valoda,
64) Classical Lithuanian-Klasikinė lietuvių kalba,
65) Classical Luxembourgish-Klassesch Lëtzebuergesch,
66) Classical Macedonian-Класичен македонски,
67) Classical Malagasy,класичен малгашки,
68) Classical Malay-Melayu Klasik,
69) Classical Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
70) Classical Maltese-Klassiku Malti,
71) Classical Maori-Maori Maori,
72) Classical Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
73) Classical Mongolian-Сонгодог Монгол,
74) Classical Myanmar (Burmese)-Classical မြန်မာ (ဗမာ),
75) Classical Nepali-शास्त्रीय म्यांमार (बर्मा),
76) Classical Norwegian-Klassisk norsk,
77) Classical Odia (Oriya)
78) Classical Pashto- ټولګی پښتو
79) Classical Persian-کلاسیک فارسی
80) Classical Polish-Język klasyczny polski,
81) Classical Portuguese-Português Clássico,
82) Classical Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
83) Classical Romanian-Clasic românesc,
84) Classical Russian-Классический русский,
85) Classical Samoan-Samoan Samoa,
86) Classical Sanskrit छ्लस्सिचल् षन्स्क्रित्
87) Classical Scots Gaelic-Gàidhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,
88) Classical Serbian-Класични српски,
89) Classical Sesotho-Seserbia ea boholo-holo,
90) Classical Shona-Shona Shona,
91) Classical Sindhi,
92) Classical Sinhala-සම්භාව්ය සිංහල,
93) Classical Slovak-Klasický slovenský,
94) Classical Slovenian-Klasična slovenska,
95) Classical Somali-Soomaali qowmiyadeed,
96) Classical Spanish-Español clásico,
97) Classical Sundanese-Sunda Klasik,
98) Classical Swahili,Kiswahili cha Classical,
99) Classical Swedish-Klassisk svensk,
100) Classical Tajik-тоҷикӣ классикӣ,
101) Classical Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ் செம்மொழி,
102) Classical Tatar
103) Classical Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
104) Classical Thai-ภาษาไทยคลาสสิก,
105) Classical Turkish-Klasik Türk,
106) Classical Turkmen
107) Classical Ukrainian-Класичний український,
108) Classical Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
109) Classical Uyghur
110) Classical Uzbek-Klassik o’z
111) Classical Vietnamese-Tiếng Việ
112) Classical Welsh-Cymraeg Clasurol,
113) Classical Xhosa-IsiXhosa zesiXhosa,
114) Classical Yiddish- קלאסישע ייִדיש
115) Classical Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,
116) Classical Zulu-I-Classical Zulu
http://www.orgsites.com/oh/awakenedone/
Awakeness Practices
All
84,000 Khandas As Found in the Pali Suttas Traditionally the are 84,000
Dharma Doors - 84,000 ways to get Awakeness. Maybe so; certainly the
Buddha taught a large number of practices that lead to Awakeness. This
web page attempts to catalogue those found in the Pali Suttas (DN, MN,
SN, AN, Ud & Sn 1). There are 3 sections:
The
discourses of Buddha are divided into 84,000, as to separate addresses.
The division includes all that was spoken by Buddha.”I received from
Buddha,” said Ananda, “82,000 Khandas, and from the priests 2000; these
are 84,000 Khandas
maintained by me.” They are divided into 275,250, as to the stanzas of
the original text, and into 361,550, as to the stanzas of the
commentary. All the discourses including both those of Buddha and those
of the commentator, are divided into 2,547 banawaras, containing
737,000 stanzas, and 29,368,000 separate letters.
ESSENCE OF TIPITAKA
Positive Buddha Vacana — The words of the Buddha — Interested in All
Suttas of Tipitaka as Episodes in visual format including 7D laser
Hologram 360 degree Circarama presentation
from
Analytic Insight Net - FREE Online Tipiṭaka Law Research & Practice University
in
116 CLASSICAL LANGUAGES
Please Visit: http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPydLZ0cavc
for
Maha-parinibbana Sutta — Last Days of the Buddha
The Great Discourse on the Total Unbinding
This wide-ranging sutta, the
longest one in the Pali canon, describes the events leading up to,
during, and immediately following the death and final release
(parinibbana) of the Buddha. This colorful narrative contains a wealth
of Dhamma teachings, including the Buddha’s final instructions that
defined how Buddhism would be lived and practiced long after the
Buddha’s death — even to this day. But this sutta also depicts, in
simple language, the poignant human drama that unfolds among the
Buddha’s many devoted followers around the time of the death of their
beloved teacher.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDkKT54WbJ4
for
Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ (Pali) - 2 Kāyānupassanā ānāpānapabbaṃ
http://www.buddha-vacana.org/sutta/digha.html
Use
http://www.translate.google.com/
an expert who identifies experts influenced by Expert and Infulencer Sashikanth Chandrasekharan
of
Free Online Awaken One With Awareness Mind (A1wAM)+ ioT (insight-net of Things) - the art of Giving, taking and Living to attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal through Electronic Visual Communication Course on
Political
Science-Techno-Politico-Socio Transformation and Economic Emancipation
Movement (TPSTEEM). Struggle hard to see that all fraud EVMs are
replaced by paper ballots by Start using Internet of things by creating
Websites,blogs. Make the best use of facebook, twitter etc., to
propagate TPSTEEMthru FOA1TRPUVF.
Practice Insight Meditation in all postures of the body - Sitting, standing, lying, walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, martial arts etc., for health mind in a healthy body.
When
a just born baby is kept isolated without anyone communicating with the
baby, after a few days it will speak and human natural (Prakrit)
language known as Classical Magahi Magadhi/Classical Chandaso language/Magadhi Prakrit/Classical Hela Basa (Hela Language)/Classical Pali which are the same. Buddha spoke in Magadhi. All the 7111 languages and dialects are off shoot of Classical
Magahi Magadhi. Hence all of them are Classical in nature (Prakrit) of
Human Beings, just like all other living spieces have their own natural
languages for communication. 116 languages are translated by https://translate.google.com
All Aboriginal Awakened Media Prabandhak
04/27/20
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