LESSON 3290 Sun 1 Mar 2020
from
VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS)
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered âMain Bharat Baudhmay karunga.â (I will make India Buddhist)
āŽā¯āŽāŽŋāŽ¯ā¯āްāŽŋāŽŽā¯ āŽ¤āŽŋāŽ°ā¯āޤā¯āޤ āŽāŽā¯āŽāޤā¯āŽ¤ā¯ āŽŽā¯āŽąāŽŋāŽ¯āŽāŽŋāŽā¯āŽ
āŽāŽŠā¯āŽˇāŽž āŽ
āŽ˛ā¯āŽ˛āŽžāŽšā¯
āŽ
āŽŠā¯āŽĩāŽ°ā¯āŽŽā¯ āŽāŽĩāŽ°ā¯ āŽā¯āޞā¯āŽĩāŽ¤ā¯ āŽāŽŖā¯āŽāŽŋāŽĒā¯āŽĒāŽžāŽ āŽŽā¯āŽ¯āŽąā¯āŽāŽŋ āŽā¯āޝā¯āŽĩā¯āŽŽā¯

Say YES to Paper Ballots
NO to EVMs/VVPATs to save Democracy, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity
for the welfare, happiness and peace for all Awakened aboriginal
societies.
MahÄsatipaášášhÄna Sutta - AðsÃŗkn að vitund - með bestu lÃflegu BÃēdda mynd, sÃļng, dansi à klassÃskri Ãslensku klassÃskri Ãslensku
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqD1-Xi1ioA
Mahasatipatthana Sutta
(9. jÃŗgi
843 ÃĄskrifendur
SÃļngur frÃĄ MahÄsatipaášášhÄna Sutta,
Flokkur
IðnaðarfÊlag og aðgerðasinni
Leyfi
Creative Commons Attribution leyfi (endurnotkun leyfð)
HeimildarmyndbÃļnd
Skoða eigindir
MahÄsatipaášášhÄna Sutta - Viðvera meðvitundar â Ã, 29) KlassÃsk enska, rÃŗmversk,
Ãessi sÃētta er vÃða talin grundvallaratriði til að hugleiða.
Kynning
I. Athugun ÃĄ Kya
A. Hluti um ÄnÄpÄna
B. Kafli um lÃkamsstÃļðu
C. Kafli um sampajaÃąÃąa
D. Kafli um frÃĄhrindandi ÃĄstÃĻður
E. Kafli um ÞÃĻtti
F. Kafli um nÃu skottulÃļg
II. Athugun ÃĄ VedanÄ
III. Athugun Citta
IV. Athugun Dhammas
A. Hluti um NÄĢvaraášas
B. Kafli um Khandhas
C. Kafli um skynsvið
D. Hluti um Bojjhaáš
gas
E. Kafli um sannleikann
E1. SÃŊning ÃĄ Dukkhasacca
E2. SÃŊning Samudayasacca
E3. SÃŊning Nirodhasacca
E4. SÃŊning Maggasacca
Kynning
Ãannig hef Êg heyrt:
Eitt sinn gisti BhagavÄ meðal Kurus à KammÄsadhamma, markaðsbÃĻ Kurus. Ãar ÃĄvarpaði hann bhikkhÃēsið:
- Bhikkhus.â Bhaddante svaraði bhikkhÃēsinu. BhagavÄ sagði:
- Ãetta, bhikkhus, er leiðin sem leiðir til annars en hreinsunar
veranna, vinna bug ÃĄ sorg og harma, hvarf dukkha-domanassa, nÃĄ rÊttu
leiðinni, ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ NibbÄna, Það er að segja fjÃŗrir satipaášášhÄnas.
Hvaða fjÃļgur? HÊr bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og fylgist með kÄya à kÄya,
ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, eftir að hafa gefið upp abhijjhÄ-domanassa
gagnvart heiminum. Hann bÃŊr og fylgist með vedanÄ Ã vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄĢ
sampajÄno, satimÄ, eftir að hafa gefist upp abhijjhÄ-domanassa gagnvart
heiminum. Hann dvelur og fylgist með sÃtrÃŗnu à sÃtrÃŗnu, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno,
satimÄ, eftir að hafa gefið upp abhijjhÄ-domanassa gagnvart heiminum.
Hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dhamma’s à dhamma’s, ttÄpÄĢ sampajÄno,
satimÄ, eftir að hafa gefið upp abhijjhÄ-domanassa gagnvart heiminum.
I. KÄyÄnupassanÄ
A. Hluti um ÄnÄpÄna
Og hvernig, bhikkhus, bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya? HÊr,
bhikkhus, bhikkhu, að hafa farið à skÃŗginn eða farið ÃĄ rÃŗt trÊsins eða
farið à tÃŗmt herbergi, sest niður að leggja fÃĻturna Þversum, setja kÄya
upprÊttan og setja sati parimukhaáš. Með Þvà að vera svona sato andar
hann inn, að vera svona sato andar hann Ãēt. Andað er lengi að hann
skilur: âÃg anda lengiâ; andar Ãēt lengi skilur hann: ‘Ãg anda lengi Ãēt’;
andar à stuttu mÃĄli hann skilur: ‘Ãg anda stutt’; andar Ãēt stutt hann
skilur: âÃg anda stutt Ãētâ; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: âfinnur fyrir Ãļllu
kÄya, Êg mun anda að sÊrâ; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: âfinn fyrir Ãļllu
kÄya, Êg mun anda Ãētâ; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: ârÃŗa kÄya-saáš
khÄras, Êg
mun anda að mÊrâ; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: ârÃŗa kÃĄya-saáš
khÄras, Êg mun
anda Ãētâ.
RÊtt eins og bhikkhus, kunnÃĄttusamur snÃēningsmaður eða
lÃĻrlingur snÃēningsmanna, sem gerir langa beygju, skilur: âÃg er að snÃēa
langri beygjuâ; beygir sig stutt, hann skilur: âÃg er að gera stuttan
beygjuâ; ÃĄ sama hÃĄtt, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, andar lengi inn, skilur: ‘Ãg
anda lengi inn’; andar Ãēt lengi skilur hann: ‘Ãg anda lengi Ãēt’; andar Ã
stuttu mÃĄli hann skilur: ‘Ãg anda stutt’; andar Ãēt stutt hann skilur:
âÃg anda stutt Ãētâ; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: âfinnur fyrir Ãļllu kÄya,
Êg mun anda að sÊrâ; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: âfinnur fyrir Ãļllu kÄya,
Êg mun anda Ãētâ; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: ârÃŗa kÄya-saáš
khÄras, Êg mun
anda að mÊrâ; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: ârÃŗa kÃĄya-saáš
khÄras, Êg mun anda
Ãētâ.
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innvortis,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kÄya à kÄya utan, eða hann dvelur
við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan og utan; hann dvelur með Þvà að
fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa
framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og
lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati
er til staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati,
hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig
bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya à kÄya.
B. Kafli um lÃkamsstÃļðu
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, skilur: âÃg er að labbaâ, meðan hann
gengur, eða meðan hann stendur: âÃg stendâ, eða meðan hann situr, ÃžÃĄ
skilur hann: âÃg sitâ eða Þegar hann liggur, ÃžÃĄ skilur hann: â Ãg ligg
niður ‘. Eða annars, à hvaða stÃļðu sem kya er rÃĄÃ°stafað, skilur hann Það
à samrÃĻmi við Það.
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya à kÄya
innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kÄya à kÄya utan, eða
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan og utan; hann dvelur
með Þvà að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann dvelur við
að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með
samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er
kya!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu
paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt à heiminum.
Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya à kÄya.
C. Kafli um sampajaÃąÃąa
Ennfremur bhikkhus, bhikkhu, meðan hann nÃĄlgast og meðan hann leggur af
stað, hegðar hann sÊr með sampajaÃąÃąa, meðan hann horfir fram ÃĄ veginn
og meðan hann horfir à kringum sig, ÃžÃĄ virkar hann með sampajaÃąÃąa, meðan
hann beygir sig og meðan hann teygir sig, ÃžÃĄ virkar hann með
sampajaÃąÃąa, meðan hann klÃĻðist skikkjunum og efri skikkju og meðan hann
ber skÃĄlina, hegðar hann sÊr með sampajaÃąa, meðan hann borðar, meðan
hann drekkur, meðan hann tyggir, meðan hann smakkar, ÃžÃĄ virkar hann með
sampajaÃąÃąa, meðan hann sinnir viðskiptum við að saurga og Þvagleggja,
hann virkar með sampajaÃąÃąa, meðan hann gengur, meðan hann stendur, meðan
hann situr , meðan hann sefur, meðan hann er vakandi, meðan hann talar
og Þagnar, ÃžÃĄ hegðar hann sÊr með sampajaÃąÃąa.
Ãannig dvelur hann
að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast
með kÄya à kÄya utan, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya
innan og utan; hann dvelur með Þvà að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra Ã
kÄya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann
dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað,
[að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að ÞvÃ
marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki
við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með
kya à kÄya.
D. Kafli um frÃĄvÃsun
Ennfremur, bhikkhus,
bhikkhu telur Þetta mjÃļg lÃkama, frÃĄ iljum upp og frÃĄ hÃĄri ÃĄ hÃļfði og
niður, sem er afmarkað af hÃēð Þess og fullur af ÃŊmis konar Ãŗhreinindum:
âà Þessari kÄya eru hÃĄrin à hÃļfði, hÃĄr à lÃkamanum, neglur, tennur, hÃēð,
hold, sinar, bein, beinmerg, nÃŊru, hjarta, lifur, brjÃŗsthimnu, milta,
lungu, ÞÃļrmum, mesentery, maga með innihaldi Þess, saur, gall, legi ,
grÃļftur, blÃŗÃ°, sviti, fita, tÃĄr, fita, munnvatn, slÃm à nefi, liðvÃļkvi
og Þvagi. â
RÊtt eins og, bhikkhus, ÃžÃĄ var poki með tveimur opum
og fyllt með ÃŊmis konar korni, svo sem hillu, hviðum, mung baunum,
kÃēabaunum, sesamfrÃĻjum og rauð hrÃsgrjÃŗnum. Maður með gott sjÃŗn, með ÞvÃ
að losa Það, myndi Ãhuga [innihald Þess]: “Ãetta er fjallagrind, Þetta
er svÃn, Þetta eru mung baunir, Þetta eru kÃērar, Þetta eru sesamfrÃĻ og
Þetta er rauð hrÃsgrjÃŗn;” ÃĄ sama hÃĄtt, bhikkhus, bhikkhu telur Þennan
lÃkama, frÃĄ iljum upp og frÃĄ hÃĄri ÃĄ hÃļfði og niður, sem er afmarkaður af
skinni hans og fullur af ÃŊmis konar Ãŗhreinindum: âà Þessari kÄya, Þar
eru hÃĄr ÃĄ hÃļfði, hÃĄr à lÃkamanum, neglur, tennur, hÃēð, hold, sinar,
bein, beinmerg, nÃŊru, hjarta, lifur, brjÃŗsthol, milta, lungu, ÞÃļrmum,
mesentery, magi með innihaldi Þess, saur, gall, slÃm, grÃļftur, blÃŗÃ°,
sviti, fita, tÃĄr, fita, munnvatn, slÃm nef, vÃļðva à Þvag og Þvag. â
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innvortis, eða hann
dvelur við að fylgjast með kÄya à kÄya utan, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan og utan; hann dvelur með Þvà að fylgjast
með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ
fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða
fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til
staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann
bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus,
bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya à kÄya.
E. Kafli um ÞÃĻtti
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu endurspeglar Þessa mjÃļg kÄya, hvernig sem
hÃēn er sett, ÃžÃŗ er henni fargað sem samanstendur af ÃžÃĄttum: “à Þessari
kÄya er jÃļrðin, vatnsÃžÃĄtturinn, eldurinn og loftÃžÃĄtturinn.”
RÊtt
eins og bhikkhus, kunnÃĄtta slÃĄtrari eða slÃĄtrari lÃĻrlingur, eftir að
hafa drepið kÃē, myndi sitja ÃĄ tÃmamÃŗtum og skera hana à sundur; ÃĄ sama
hÃĄtt, bhikkhus, endurspeglar bhikkhu Þessa mjÃļg kÄya, hvernig sem Þvà er
komið fyrir, hvernig sem Það er rÃĄÃ°stafað: “à Þessu kÄya er jÃļrðin,
vatnið, eldurinn og loftÃžÃĄtturinn.”
Ãannig dvelur hann að
fylgjast með kya à kÄya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með
kÄya à kÄya utan, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan
og utan; hann dvelur með Þvà að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya,
eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur
við að fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að
ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að ÞvÃ
marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki
við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya
à kÄya.
F. Kafli um nÃu skottulÃļg
(1)
Ennfremur,
bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lÃk, varpað à skothrÃð,
einn dag lÃĄtinn, eða tvo daga dauða eða ÞrjÃĄ daga dauða, bÃŗlginn,
blÃĄleitan og hÃĄtÃðandi, telur hann Þetta mjÃļg kÄya: ” Ãessi kÄya er lÃka
Þess eðlis, hÃēn mun verða svona og er ekki laus við slÃkt ÃĄstand. â
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innvortis, eða hann
dvelur við að fylgjast með kÄya à kÄya utan, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan og utan; hann dvelur með Þvà að fylgjast
með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ
fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða
fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til
staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann
bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus,
bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya à kÄya.
(2)
Ennfremur,
bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann vÃĻri að sjÃĄ lÃk, varpað à skarð Ã
jÃļrðu, etið af krÃĄum, borðað af haukum, borðað af gÃļflum, borðað af
herons, borðað af hundum, verið etið af hundum borðað af tÃgrisdÃŊrum,
borðað af panterum, borðað af ÃŊmsum tegundum veru, hann telur Þetta mjÃļg
kÄya: âÃessi kÄya er lÃka Þess eðlis, hÃēn mun verða svona og er ekki
laus við slÃkt ÃĄstand. “
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya Ã
kÄya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kÄya à kÄya utan,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan og utan; hann
dvelur með Þvà að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann
dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig
ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara
ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt Ã
heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya à kÄya.
(3)
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lÃk, kastað
niður à hnÃļttÃŗttan jÃļrð, skÃfuna með holdi og blÃŗÃ°i, haldið saman af
sinum, telur hann Þetta mjÃļg kya: âÃessi kya er lÃka af slÃku
nÃĄttÃērunnar, Það ÃĄ eftir að verða svona og er ekki laust við slÃkt
ÃĄstand. â
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya à kÄya
innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kÄya à kÄya utan, eða
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan og utan; hann dvelur
með Þvà að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann dvelur við
að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með
samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er
kya!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu
paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt à heiminum.
Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya à kÄya.
(4)
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lÃk, kastað Ã
charnel jÃļrð, squeleton ÃĄn holds og smurt með blÃŗÃ°i, haldið saman af
sinum, telur hann Þetta mjÃļg kya: “Ãessi kya er lÃka af svona eðli, Það ÃĄ
eftir að verða svona og er ekki laust við slÃkt ÃĄstand. â
Ãannig
dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við
að fylgjast með kÄya à kÄya utan, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með
kya à kÄya innan og utan; hann dvelur með Þvà að fylgjast með samudaya
fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya;
eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar à honum,
bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og
festist ekki við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og
fylgist með kya à kÄya.
(5)
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu,
rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lÃk, varpað à charnel jÃļrð, squeleton ÃĄn
holds nÊ blÃŗÃ°, haldið saman af sinum, telur hann Þetta mjÃļg kya: “Ãessi
kya er lÃka af slÃku nÃĄttÃērunnar, Það ÃĄ eftir að verða svona og er ekki
laust við slÃkt ÃĄstand. â
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya Ã
kÄya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kÄya à kÄya utan,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan og utan; hann
dvelur með Þvà að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann
dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig
ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara
ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt Ã
heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya à kÄya.
(6)
Ennfremur bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann vÃĻri að sjÃĄ lÃk, steypa
burtu à hnÃļttÃŗtt jÃļrð, Ãŗtengd bein dreifð hÊr og Þar, hÊr handbein, Þar
fÃŗtabein, hÊr Ãļkklabein, Þar skinnbein , hÊr lÃĻri bein, Þar mjÃļðm bein,
hÊr rif, Þar aftur bein, hÊr hrygg bein, Þar hÃĄls bein, hÊr kjÃĄlka bein,
Þar tann bein, eða Þar hÃļfuðkÃēpa, hann telur Þetta mjÃļg kÄya : “Ãessi
kÄya er lÃka Þess eðlis, hÃēn mun verða svona og er ekki laus við slÃkt
ÃĄstand.”
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innvortis,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kÄya à kÄya utan, eða hann dvelur
við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan og utan; hann dvelur með Þvà að
fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa
framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og
lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati
er til staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati,
hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig
bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya à kÄya.
(7)
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lÃk, kastað Ã
charnel jÃļrð, beinin hvÃtu eins og skel, hann telur Þetta mjÃļg kÄya:
“Ãessi kya er lÃka Þess eðlis, Það er að fara að verða svona, og er ekki
laus við slÃkt ÃĄstand. â
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya Ã
kÄya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kÄya à kÄya utan,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan og utan; hann
dvelur með Þvà að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann
dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig
ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara
ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt Ã
heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya à kÄya.
(8)
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lÃk, kastað Ã
hnÃļttur jÃļrð, hrÃēgað upp bein yfir ÃĄrsgamalli, hann telur Þetta mjÃļg
kÄya: “Ãessi kya er lÃka Þess eðlis, Það er að fara að verða svona, og
er ekki laus við slÃkt ÃĄstand. â
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast
með kya à kÄya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kÄya Ã
kÄya utan, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan og utan;
hann dvelur með Þvà að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann
dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig
ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara
ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt Ã
heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya à kÄya.
(9
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lÃk, kastað Ã
charnel jÃļrð, rotin bein minnkuð à duft, hann telur Þetta mjÃļg kÄya:
“Ãessi kÄya er lÃka Þess eðlis, Það er að fara að orðið svona og er ekki
laus við slÃkt ÃĄstand. â
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya Ã
kÄya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kÄya à kÄya utan,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya à kÄya innan og utan; hann
dvelur með Þvà að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra à kÄya, eða hann
dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à kya, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig
ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara
ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt Ã
heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya à kÄya.
II. Athugun ÃĄ VedanÄ
Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með vedanÄ Ã vedanÄ?
HÊr undirstrikar bhikkhus, bhikkhu, upplifir sukha vedanÄ: âÃg er að
upplifa sukha vedanÄâ; upplifa dukkha vedanÄ, undirstrikar: âÃg er að
upplifa dukkha vedanÄâ; upplifa adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ, undirstrikar:
âÃg er að upplifa adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄâ; upplifa sukha vedanÄ sÄmisa,
undirstrikar: âÃg er að upplifa sukha vedanÄ sÄmisaâ; upplifa sukha
vedanÄ nirÄmisa, undirstrikar: âÃg er að upplifa sukha vedanÄ nirÄmisaâ;
upplifa dukkha vedanÄ sÄmisa, undirstrikar: âÃg er að upplifa dukkha
vedanÄ sÄmisaâ; upplifa dukkha vedanÄ nirÄmisa, undirstrikar: âÃg er að
upplifa dukkha vedanÄ nirÄmisaâ; upplifa adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ sÄmisa,
undirstrikar: âÃg er að upplifa adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ sÄmisaâ; upplifa
adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ nirÄmisa, undirstrikar: âÃg er að upplifa
adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ nirÄmisaâ.
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast
með vedanÄ Ã vedanÄ innvortis, eða hann dvelur að fylgjast með vedanÄ Ã
vedanÄ utanhÃēss, eða hann dvelur að fylgjast með vedanÄ Ã vedanÄ
innvortis og utan; hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra Ã
vedanÄ, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à vedanÄ, eða
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à vedanÄ; eða
annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er vedanÄ!” sati er til staðar à honum,
bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og
festist ekki við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og
fylgist með vedanÄ Ã vedanÄ.
III. Athugun Citta
Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með sÃtrÃŗnu à citta?
HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu skilur citta með rÄga sem “citta with rÄga”, eða
hann skilur citta ÃĄn rÄga sem “citta without rÄga”, eða hann skilur
citta með dosa sem “citta with dosa”, eða hann skilur citta ÃĄn dosa sem
âcitta ÃĄn dosaâ, eða hann skilur citta með moha sem âcitta with mohaâ,
eða hann skilur citta ÃĄn moha sem âcitta without mohaâ, eða hann skilur
safnað citta sem âsafnað cittaâ, eða hann skilur dreifða sÃtrÃŗna sem
âdreifð sÃtrÃŗnaâ, eða hann skilur ÃētvÃkkaða sÃtrÃŗnu sem âstÃĻkkaða
sÃtrÃŗnuâ, eða hann skilur ÃŗÃētvÃkkaða sÃtrÃŗnu sem âÃŗÃētvÃkkaða sÃtrÃŗnuâ,
eða hann skilur framÃērskarandi sÃtrÃŗnu sem âframÃērskarandi sÃtrÃŗnuâ, eða
hann skilur Ãŗviðjafnanlegri sÃtrÃŗnu sem âÃŗrjÃēfanlegri sÃtrÃŗnuâ, eða
hann skilur byggða sÃtrÃŗnu sem âbyggða sÃtrÃŗnuâ, eða hann skilur ÃŗrÃŗaða
sÃtrÃŗnu sem âÃŗuppbyggða sÃtrÃŗnuâ, eða hann skilur frelsaða sÃtrÃŗnu sem
âfrelsaða sÃtrÃŗnuâ, eða hann skilur ÃŗblÃļnduð sÃtrÃŗnu sem âÃŗlÃberaða
sÃtrÃŗnuâ.
Ãannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með sÃtrÃŗnu innvortis,
eða dvelur og fylgjast með sÃtrÃŗnu Ãētvortis, eða bÃŊr hann og fylgjast
með sÃtrÃŗnu innan og utan; hann dvelur með Þvà að fylgjast með samudaya
fyrirbÃĻri à citta, eða hann dvelur við að horfa ÃĄ brott fyrirbÃĻri Ã
citta, eða hann dvelur að fylgjast með samudaya og hverfur fyrirbÃĻri Ã
citta; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er citta!” sati er til staðar Ã
honum, bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr
aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu
dvelur og fylgist með sÃtrÃŗnu à sÃtrÃŗnu.
IV. Athugun Dhammas
A. Hluti um NÄĢvaraášas
Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas
à dhammas? HÊr bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með dhammas Ã
dhammas með vÃsan til fimm nÄĢvaraášas. Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig
bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas à dhammas með vÃsan til fimm
nÄĢvaraášas?
HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, Þar sem Það er kÄmacchanda til
staðar innan, skilur: âÞað er kÄmacchanda innra með mÊrâ; Þar sem Það
er ekki kÄmacchanda til staðar, skilur hann: âÞað er enginn kÄmacchanda
innra með mÊrâ; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn kÄmacchanda kemur til;
hann skilur hvernig upp er komin kÄmacchanda; og hann skilur hvernig
yfirgefin kÄmacchanda kemur ekki upp à framtÃðinni.
HÊr,
bhikkhus, bhikkhu, Þar sem Það er byÄpÄda sem er til staðar innan,
skilur: âÞað er byÄpÄda innra með mÊrâ; Þar sem hann er ekki staddur
innan, ÃžÃĄ skilur hann: âÞað er enginn byÄpÄda innra með mÊrâ; hann
skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn byÄpÄda kemur til; hann skilur hvernig
uppkomin byÄpÄda er yfirgefin; og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin byÄpÄda
kemur ekki upp à framtÃðinni.
HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, Þar sem Það
er thÄĢnamiddhÄ sem er til staðar innan, skilur: “Það er thÄĢnamiddhÄ
innra með mÊr”; Þar sem hann er ekki til staðar à honum, skilur hann:
âÞað er enginn thÄĢnamiddhÄ innra með mÊrâ; hann skilur hvernig
Ãŗuppkominn thÄĢnamiddhÄ kemur til; hann skilur hvernig upp er kominn
thÄĢnamiddhÄ; og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin ThÄĢnamiddhÄ kemur ekki upp
à framtÃðinni.
Hann skilur mana, hann skilur dhammas, hann
skilur saášyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara tveggja, hann skilur hvernig
ÃŗupplÃŊst saášyojana kemur til, hann skilur hvernig upprisna saášyojana er
yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin saášyojana kemur ekki upp Ã
framtÃðinni.
Ãannig dvelur hann við að fylgjast með dammas Ã
dammas innbyrðis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas
ytra, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas innra og
Ãētvortis; hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya af fyrirbÃĻrum Ã
dammas, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à dhammas, eða
hann bÃŊr við að fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à dhammas; eða
annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta eru dammar!” sati er til staðar à honum,
bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og
festist ekki við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og
fylgist með dhammas à dhammas, með vÃsan til sex innri og ytri yatana.
D. Hluti um Bojjhaáš gas
Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og fylgist með dhammas à dhammas
með tilvÃsun til sjÃļ bojjhaáš
gas. Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig bÃŊr
bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas à dhammas með tilvÃsun til sjÃļ
bojjhaáš
gas?
HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, Þar sem Það er sati
sambojjhaáš
ga sem er til staðar innan, skilur: âÞar er sati sambojjhaáš
ga
innra með mÊrâ; Þar sem hann er ekki sati sambojjhaáš
ga til staðar,
skilur hann: âÞað er enginn sati sambojjhaáš
ga innra með mÊrâ; hann
skilur hvernig Ãŗuppleystur sati sambojjhaáš
ga kemur til; hann skilur
hvernig hið uppkomna sati sambojjhaáš
ga er ÞrÃŗað til fullkomnunar.
Ãar sem dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga er til staðar, skilur hann: âÞar er
dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga innra með mÊrâ; Þar sem hann er ekki inni Ã
dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga, skilur hann: âÞað er enginn dhammavicaya
sambojjhaáš
ga innra með mÊrâ; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppleyst dhammavicaya
sambojjhaáš
ga kemur til; hann skilur hvernig myndaðist dhammavicaya
sambojjhaáš
ga til fullkomnunar.
Ãar sem vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga er til
staðar, skilur hann: âÞar er vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga innra með mÊrâ; Þar
sem ekki er vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga til staðar innan, skilur hann: âÞað er
enginn vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga innra með mÊrâ; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppleyst
vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga kemur til; hann skilur hvernig hið myndaða vÄĢriya
sambojjhaáš
ga er ÞrÃŗað til fullkomnunar.
Ãar sem pÃti sambojjhaáš
ga
er til staðar, skilur hann: âÞar er pÃti sambojjhaáš
ga innra með mÊrâ;
Þar sem hann er ekki pÃti sambojjhaáš
ga til staðar, skilur hann: âÞað er
enginn pÃti sambojjhaáš
ga innra með mÊrâ; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppleyst
pÄĢti sambojjhaáš
ga kemur til; hann skilur hvernig hið uppkomna pÄĢti
sambojjhaáš
ga er ÞrÃŗað til fullkomnunar.
Ãar sem passaddhi
sambojjhaáš
ga er til staðar, skilur hann: âÞar er passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga
innra með mÊrâ; Þar sem hann er ekki passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga til staðar,
skilur hann: âÞað er enginn passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga innra með mÊrâ; hann
skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga kemur til; hann skilur
hvernig hið uppkomna passaddhi sambojjha isga er ÞrÃŗað til fullkomnunar.
Ãar sem samÄdhi sambojjhaáš
ga er til staðar, skilur hann: âÞar er
samÄdhi sambojjhaáš
ga innra með mÊrâ; Þar sem hann er ekki samÄdhi
sambojjhaáš
ga til staðar, skilur hann: âÞað er enginn samÄdhi
sambojjhaáš
ga innra með mÊrâ; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn samÄdhi
sambojjhaáš
ga kemur til; hann skilur hvernig uppkominn samÄdhi
sambojjhaáš
ga er ÞrÃŗaður til fullkomnunar.
Ãar sem upekkhÄ
sambojjhaáš
ga er til staðar, skilur hann: âÞar er upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga
innra með mÊrâ; Þar sem hann er ekki uppekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga til staðar,
skilur hann: âÞað er enginn upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga innra með mÊrâ; hann
skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga kemur til; hann skilur
hvernig hið uppkomna upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga er ÞrÃŗað til fullkomnunar.
Ãannig dvelur hann við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas innbyrðis, eða
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas ytra, eða hann dvelur
við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas innra og Ãētvortis; hann dvelur við
að fylgjast með samudaya af fyrirbÃĻrum à dammas, eða hann dvelur við að
horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à dhammas, eða hann bÃŊr við að fylgjast með
samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à dhammas; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta
eru dammar!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og
hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt Ã
heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með dhammas Ã
dhammas, með vÃsan til sjÃļ bojjhaáš
gas.
HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu,
Þar sem Það er uddhacca-kukkucca til staðar innan, skilur: âÞað er
uddhacca-kukkucca innra með mÊrâ; Þar sem hann er ekki uddhacca-kukkucca
til staðar, skilur hann: âÞað er engin uddhacca-kukkucca innra með
mÊrâ; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppleyst uddhacca-kukkucca kemur upp; hann
skilur hvernig upp er komin uddhacca-kukkucca; og hann skilur hvernig
yfirgefin uddhacca-kukkucca kemur ekki upp à framtÃðinni.
HÊr,
bhikkhus, bhikkhu, Þar sem að vera vicikicchÄ til staðar innan, skilur:
“Það er vicikicchÄ innra með mÊr”; Þar sem hann er ekki vicikicchÄ til
staðar, skilur hann: âÞað er enginn vicikicchÄ innra með mÊrâ; hann
skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn vicikicchÄ kemur til; hann skilur hvernig upp
er kominn vicikicchÄ; og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefinn vicikicchÄ kemur
ekki upp à framtÃðinni.
Ãannig dvelur hann við að fylgjast með
dammas à dammas innbyrðis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas Ã
dammas ytra, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas innra
og Ãētvortis; hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya af fyrirbÃĻrum Ã
dammas, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à dhammas, eða
hann bÃŊr við að fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à dhammas; eða
annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta eru dammar!” sati er til staðar à honum,
bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og
festist ekki við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og
fylgist með dhammas à dhammas, með vÃsan til fimm nÄĢvaraášas.
B. Kafli um Khandhas
Og ennfremur bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með dhammas à dhammas
með tilvÃsun til fimm khandhasanna. Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig bÃŊr
bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas à dhammas með vÃsan til fimm
handhanda?
HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu [greinir]: “slÃkt er rÅĢpa,
slÃkt er samudaya rÅĢpa, slÃkt er að lÃða frÃĄ rÅĢpa; slÃkt er vedanÄ,
slÃkt er samudaya af vedanÄ, slÃkt er að lÃða hjÃĄ VedanÄ; slÃkt er er
saÃąÃąÄ, slÃkt er samudaya af saÃąÃąÄ, slÃkt er að lÃða frÃĄ saÃąÃąÄ; slÃkt er
saáš
khÄra, svo er samudaya af saáš
khÄra, slÃkt er að lÃða frÃĄ saáš
khÄra;
slÃkt er viÃąÃąÄáša, slÃkt er samudaya af saÃąkÄra, slÃkt er brottfÃļr
viÃąÃąÄáša â.
Ãannig dvelur hann við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas
innbyrðis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas ytra,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas innra og Ãētvortis;
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya af fyrirbÃĻrum à dammas, eða
hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à dhammas, eða hann bÃŊr við
að fylgjast með samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à dhammas; eða annað, [að
ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta eru dammar!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að ÞvÃ
marki bara ÃąÄáša og hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki
við neitt à heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og fylgist með
dhammas à dhammas, með tilvÃsun til fimm khandhasanna.
C. Kafli um skynsvið
Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með dhammas à dhammas
með vÃsan til sex innri og ytri yatana. Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig
bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas à dhammas með vÃsan til sex
innri og ytri yatana?
HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu skilur cakkhu, hann
skilur rÅĢpa, hann skilur saášyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara tveggja,
hann skilur hvernig ÃŗupplÃŊst saášyojana kemur til, hann skilur hvernig
upprisna saášyojana er yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin
saášyojana kemur ekki fram à framtÃðinni.
Hann skilur sota, hann
skilur sadda, hann skilur saášyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara tveggja,
hann skilur hvernig ÃŗupplÃŊst saášyojana kemur til, hann skilur hvernig
upprisna saášyojana er yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin
saášyojana kemur ekki upp à framtÃðinni.
Hann skilur ghana, hann
skilur gandha, hann skilur saášyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara tveggja,
hann skilur hvernig ÃŗupplÃŊst saášyojana kemur til, hann skilur hvernig
uppkomin saášyojana er yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin
saášyojana kemur ekki upp à framtÃðinni.
Hann skilur jivha, hann
skilur rasa, hann skilur saášyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara tveggja,
hann skilur hvernig ÃŗupplÃŊst saášyojana kemur til, hann skilur hvernig
upprisna saášyojana er yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin
saášyojana kemur ekki upp à framtÃðinni.
Hann skilur kÄya, hann
skilur phoášášhabba, hann skilur saášyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara
tveggja, hann skilur hvernig ÃŗupplÃŊst saášyojana kemur til, hann skilur
hvernig uppkomin saášyojana er yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin
saášyojana kemur ekki upp à framtÃðinni.
E. Kafli um sannleikann
Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og fylgist með dhammas à dhammas
með tilvÃsun til arÃakakanna fjÃļgurra. Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig
bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas à dhammas með vÃsan til
arÃakakanna fjÃļgurra?
E1. SÃŊning ÃĄ Dukkhasacca
Og hvað,
bhikkhus, er dukkha ariyasacca? JÄti er dukkha, Ãļldrun er dukkha
(veikindi er dukkha) maraáša er dukkha, sorg, harmakvein, dukkha,
domanassa og neyð er dukkha, tenging við Það sem er ekki mislÃkað er
dukkha, aðgreining frÃĄ Þvà sem lÃkað er er dukkha, ekki að fÃĄ Það sem
manni langar à er dukkha; à stuttu mÃĄli, fimm upÄdÄna ¡ k ¡ khandhas eru
dukkha.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er jati? Fyrir hinar ÃŊmsu verur Ã
hinum ÃŊmsu flokkum veranna, jÄti, fÃĻðingunni, uppruna [inn à legið], sem
myndast [à heiminum], Ãētlitið, birtingarmynd khandhasanna, Ãļflun
yatana. Ãetta, bhikkhus, er kallað jÄti.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er
jarÄ? Fyrir hinar ÃŊmsu verur à hinum ÃŊmsu tegundum veranna, jarÄ,
ÃĄstandi Þess að rotna, að hafa brotið [tennur], að hafa grÃĄtt hÃĄr, að
vera hrukkÃŗtt, hnignun orku, rotnun indriyana: Þetta, bhikkhus, er
kallað jarÄ.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er maraáša? Fyrir hinar ÃŊmsu verur
à hinum ÃŊmsu tegundum veranna, frÃĄfallið, ÞvÃ ÃĄstandi að fÃĻrast [Ãēr
tilverunni], uppbrotið, hvarfið, andlÃĄtið, maraáša, Það að lÃða undir
lok, brjÃŗta upp khandhaa, leggja um lÃkið: Þetta, bhikkhus, er kallað
maraáša.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er sorgin? à einni er bhikkhus, tengt
ÃŊmiss konar ÃŗgÃĻfu, snert af ÃŊmiss konar dukkha dhammas, sorrrow,
sorginni, ÃĄstands sorginni, innri sorginni, innri mikilli sorg: Þetta,
bhikkhus, er kallað sorg.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er harmakvein? Ã
einni er bhikkhus, tengt ÃŊmiss konar ÃŗgÃĻfu, snert af ÃŊmiss konar dukkha
dhammas, grÃĄtunum, harmakveðjunum, grÃĄtnum, grÃĄti, grÃĄtaÃĄstandi, ÃĄstandi
grÃĄtandi: Þetta, bhikkhus, er kallað harmakvein.
Og hvað,
bhikkhus, er dukkha? Hvað sem Þvà lÃður, bhikkhus, lÃkamlega dukkha,
lÃkamleg ÃŗÃžÃĻgindi, dukkha sem myndast við lÃkamlega snertingu, ÃŗÃžÃĻgilegt
vedayitas: Þetta, bhikkhus, kallast dukkha.
Og hvað, bhikkhus,
er domanassa? Hvað sem Þvà lÃður, bhikkhus, andleg dukkha, andleg
ÃŗÃžÃĻgindi, dukkha myndast af andlegri snertingu, ÃŗÃžÃĻgileg vedayitas:
Þetta, bhikkhus, kallast domanassa.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er
ÃļrvÃĻnting? Ã einni er bhikkhus, tengt ÃŊmiss konar ÃŗgÃĻfu, snert af ÃŊmiss
konar dukkha dhammas, vandrÃĻðum, ÃļrvÃĻntingu, ÃĄstandi Þess að vera Ã
vandrÃĻðum, ÃĄstand Þess að vera à ÃļrvÃĻntingu: Þetta, bhikkhus, er kallað
ÃļrvÃĻnting.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er dukkha Þess að vera tengdur ÞvÃ
sem er ÃŗsÃĄtt? HÊr er um form, hljÃŗÃ°, smekk, lykt, lÃkamsfyrirbÃĻri og
andlegt fyrirbÃĻri að rÃĻða sem eru ÃŗÃžÃĻgilegar, ekki ÃĄnÃĻgjulegar,
ÃŗÃžÃĻgilegar eða annars Þeir sem ÞrÃĄ manni Ãŗkost, Þeir sem ÞrÃĄ manni tap,
Þeir sem ÞrÃĄ ÃŗÃžÃĻgindi manns, Þessir sem ÞrÃĄ að ekki frelsi manns frÃĄ
festingu, fundi, vera tengd, vera saman, hitta Þau: Þetta, bhikkhus, er
kallað dukkha að vera tengdur Þvà sem er ÃŗsÃĄtt.
Og hvað,
bhikkhus, er dukkha að vera aðgreindur frÃĄ Þvà sem er sÃĄtt? HÊr er um
form, hljÃŗÃ°, smekk, lykt, lÃkamsfyrirbÃĻri og andlegt fyrirbÃĻri að rÃĻða
sem eru ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, skemmtileg, notaleg eða annað sem Þeir sem vilja hafa
hag manns, Þeir sem vilja hag manns, Þeir sem ÞrÃĄ ÞÃĻgindi, Þeir sem ÞrÃĄ
að frelsun manns frÃĄ viðhengi, ekki hittast, ekki vera tengd, ekki vera
saman, ekki lenda à Þeim: Þetta, bhikkhus, er kallað dukkha að vera
aðgreindur frÃĄ Þvà sem er sÃĄtt.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er dukkha að
fÃĄ ekki Það sem maður vill? à verum, bhikkhus, sem hefur Það einkenni að
fÃĻðast, vaknar slÃk Ãŗsk: “Ãŗ, à raun, getur Það ekki verið jatà fyrir
okkur, og à raun og veru, komum við ekki til jÄti.” En Þessu er ekki nÃĄÃ°
með Þvà að Ãŗska. Ãetta er dukkha Þess að fÃĄ ekki Það sem maður vill.
à verum, bhikkhus, sem hefur Það einkenni að eldast, vaknar slÃk Ãŗsk:
“Ãŗ à raun, mega ekki vera jarÄ fyrir okkur, og à raun og veru, komum við
ekki til jarÄ.” En Þessu er ekki nÃĄÃ° með Þvà að Ãŗska. Ãetta er dukkha
Þess að fÃĄ ekki Það sem maður vill.
à verum, bhikkhus, sem hefur
Það einkenni að veikjast, vaknar slÃk Ãŗsk: “Ãŗ, à raun, getur verið að
Það sÊ ekki veikindi fyrir okkur, og à raun, getum við ekki lent Ã
veikindum.” En Þessu er ekki nÃĄÃ° með Þvà að Ãŗska. Ãetta er dukkha Þess
að fÃĄ ekki Það sem maður vill.
à verum, bhikkhus, sem hefur Það
einkenni að eldast, vaknar slÃk Ãŗsk: “Ãŗ raunverulega, mÃĄ ekki vera
maraáša fyrir okkur, og à raun og veru, komum við ekki til maraáša.” En
Þessu er ekki nÃĄÃ° með Þvà að Ãŗska. Ãetta er dukkha Þess að fÃĄ ekki Það
sem maður vill.
à verum, bhikkhus, sem hefur einkenni sorgar,
harmakveðju, dukkha, domanassa og vanlÃðan, kemur slÃk Ãŗsk fram: âÃŗ, Ã
raun, mega ekki vera sorg, harmakvein, dukkha, domanassa og neyð fyrir
okkur og à raun megum við ekki vera komið til sorgar, harma, dukkha,
domanassa og vanlÃðunar. â En Þessu er ekki nÃĄÃ° með Þvà að Ãŗska. Ãetta
er dukkha Þess að fÃĄ ekki Það sem maður vill.
Og hvað, bhikkhus,
eru à stuttu mÃĄli fimm upÄdÄnakkhandhas? Ãau eru: rÅĢpa upÄdÄnakkhandha,
vedanÄ upÄdÄnakkhandha, saÃąÃąÄ upÄdÄnakkhandha, saáš
khÄra upÄdÄnakkhandha,
viÃąÃąÄáša upÄdÄnakkhandha. Ãetta er kallað à stuttu mÃĄli, bhikkhus, fimm
upÄdÄnakkhandhas.
Ãetta er kallað, bhikkhus, dukkha ariyasacca
E2. SÃŊning Samudayasacca
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Ãað er Þessi taášhÄ
sem leiðir til endurfÃĻðingar, tengdur lÃļngun og ÃĄnÃĻgju, finnur gleði hÊr
eða Þar, Það er að segja: kÄma-taášhÄ, bhava-taášhÄ og vibhava-taášhÄ. En
Þetta taášhÄ, bhikkhus, Þegar Það kemur upp, hvar kemur Það upp og Þegar
Það setur sig upp, hvar setur Það sig? à Þvà à heiminum sem virðist
skemmtilega og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Það er Þar sem taášhÄ kemur upp, Þegar Það
kemur upp, Þar sem Það sest upp.
Og hvað à heiminum er
skemmtilegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt? Augað à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt,
Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það
sest. Eyrað à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það
kemur upp, kemur upp, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Nefið Ã
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Tungan à heiminum er notaleg
og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar hÃēn kemur upp, kemur upp, Þar Þegar hÃēn
setst upp, sest hÃēn upp. KÄya à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar
taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest
Það upp. Mana à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar
Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest.
SÃŊnileg form à heiminum eru notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það
kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp. HljÃŗÃ° Ã
heiminum eru notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Lykt à heiminum er notaleg
og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, Það sest. Bragðast à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar
taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest.
LÃkamleg fyrirbÃĻri à heiminum eru notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar
Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Dhammas Ã
heiminum eru notalegir og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegir, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar hann kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, sest Það upp.
Auga-viÃąÃąÄáša Ã
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Ear-viÃąÃąÄáša à heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Nef-viÃąÃąÄáša à heiminum er notalegt
og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Tungan-viÃąÃąÄáša à heiminum er notaleg og
ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar hÃēn kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar hÃēn setst
upp, sest hÃēn upp. KÄya-viÃąÃąÄáša à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt,
Þar taášhÄ, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það
upp. Mana-viÃąÃąÄáša à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ,
Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp.
Auga-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar
Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Ear-samphassa
à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Nef-samphassa à heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Tunga-samphassa à heiminum er notaleg og
ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst
upp, Það sest. KÄya-samphassa à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar
taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest
Það upp. Mana-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar
taášhÄ, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp.
VedanÄ fÃĻddur Ãēr auga-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur,
Þar taášhÄ, Þegar hann kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp,
sest Það upp. VedanÄ fÃĻddur Ãēr eyra-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar hann kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar hann
setst upp, sest Það upp. VedanÄ fÃĻddur af nef-samphassa à heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar hann kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar hann setst upp, sest Það upp. VedanÄ fÃĻddur Ãēr tungu-samphassa Ã
heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar hann kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, sest Það upp. VedanÄ fÃĻddur af
kÄya-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar
upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, sest Það upp. VedanÄ
fÃĻddur af mana-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar
taášhÄ, Þegar hann kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, sest Það
upp.
SaÃąÃąÄ ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum myndum à heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst
upp, Það sest. SaÃąÃąÄ hljÃŗÃ°anna à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt,
Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ
sest Það upp. SaÃąÃąÄ lykt à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar
taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest.
SaÃąÃąÄ smekkur à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar
hann kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp.
SaÃąÃąÄ af lÃkamlegum fyrirbÃĻrum à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar
taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það byggist, ÃžÃĄ sest Það
upp. SaÃąÃąÄ Dhammas à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ,
Þegar hann rÃs, kemur upp, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp.
Ãtlunin [tengd] sÃŊnilegum myndum à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg,
Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest
Það upp. Ãtlunin [tengd] hljÃŗÃ°um à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar
taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það byggist, ÃžÃĄ sest Það
upp. Ãtlunin [tengd] lykt à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar
taášhÄ, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það
upp. Ãtlunin [tengd] smekk à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar
taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest
Það upp. Ãtlunin [tengd] lÃkamsfyrirbÃĻri à heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
byggist, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Ãtlunin [tengd] dhammas à heiminum er notaleg
og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, sest Það upp.
TaášhÄ fyrir sÃŊnileg form à heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. TaášhÄ fyrir hljÃŗÃ° à heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. TaášhÄ fyrir lykt à heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp. TaášhÄ fyrir smekk à heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. TaášhÄ fyrir lÃkamsfyrirbÃĻri Ã
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það byggist, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. TaášhÄ fyrir dhammas Ã
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp.
Vitakka sÃŊnilegra
mynda à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur
upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp. Vitakka hljÃŗÃ°anna Ã
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Vitakka lyktar à heiminum er
notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Vitakka smekkur à heiminum er notalegur
og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, Það sest. Vitakka lÃkamsfyrirbÃĻra à heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
byggist, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Vitakka dhammas à heiminum er notalegur og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp.
RÃĄÃ°stefna sÃŊnilegra mynda à heiminum
er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar
Það setst upp, sest Það upp. The vicÄra af hljÃŗÃ°um à heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taÄhÄ, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar
uppgjÃļr, Það sest. Aðstoðarmaður lyktar à heiminum er notalegur og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst
upp, sest Það upp. AðstÃĻður bragðsins à heiminum eru notalegar og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegar, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Aðstoð lÃkamlegra fyrirbÃĻra à heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar
Það setst upp, sest Það upp. DvalasembÃĻttið à heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst
upp, sest Það upp. Ãetta er kallað, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ samudaya
ariyasacca.
E3. SÃŊning Nirodhasacca
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er
dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Ãað er Þessi taášhÄ sem leiðir til
endurfÃĻðingar, tengdur lÃļngun og ÃĄnÃĻgju, finnur gleði hÊr eða Þar, Það
er að segja: kÄma-taášhÄ, bhava-taášhÄ og vibhava-taášhÄ. En Þetta taášhÄ,
bhikkhus, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, hvar er Það yfirgefið og hvenÃĻr hÃĻtt,
hvar hÃĻttir Það? à Þvà à heiminum sem virðist skemmtilega og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt,
Það er Þar sem taášhÄ er yfirgefið, Þegar Það er hÃĻtt, Þegar Það hÃĻttir.
Og hvað à heiminum er skemmtilegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt? Augað à heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það
yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Eyrað à heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið,
Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Nefið à heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar
Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Tungan à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg,
Þar taášhÄ, Þegar hÃēn er yfirgefin, hÃēn yfirgefin, Þar Þegar hÃēn hÃĻttir,
hÃēn hÃĻttir. KÄya à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
Mana à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Það er yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
SÃŊnileg form à heiminum eru notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar
Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. HljÃŗÃ°
à heiminum eru notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Lykt à heiminum er notaleg
og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar
Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Smakk à heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar
Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. LÃkamleg fyrirbÃĻri à heiminum eru notaleg
og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar
Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Dhammas à heiminum eru notalegir og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegir, Þar er TaášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar
Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
Auga-viÃąÃąÄáša à heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það
hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Ear-viÃąÃąÄáša à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt,
Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir,
Það hÃĻttir. Nef-viÃąÃąÄáša à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er
taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.
Tungan-viÃąÃąÄáša à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar
hÃēn er yfirgefin, Þar sem hÃēn er hÃĻtt, hÃēn hÃĻttir. KÄya-viÃąÃąÄáša Ã
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Mana-viÃąÃąÄáša Ã
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það.
Eye-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
Ear-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það er yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það
hÃĻttir. Nef-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er
taášhÄ, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
Tungusamphassa à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
KÄya-samphassa à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar
Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Mana-samphassa Ã
heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
VedanÄ fÃĻddur Ãēr auga-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur,
Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ
hÃĻttir Það. VedanÄ fÃĻddur Ãēr ear-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það
hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. VedanÄ fÃĻddur af nef-samphassa à heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið,
yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. VedanÄ fÃĻddur Ãēr
tungu-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir
Það. VedanÄ fÃĻddur af kÄya-samphassa à heiminum er notalegur og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það
hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. VedanÄ fÃĻddur af mana-samphassa à heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar
Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það.
SaÃąÃąÄ af sÃŊnilegum gerðum Ã
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. SaÃąÃąÄ
hljÃŗÃ°anna à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það
er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. SaÃąÃąÄ lykt Ã
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. The saÃąÃąÄ
smekk à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Það er yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. SaÃąÃąÄ
lÃkamlegra fyrirbÃĻra à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
SaÃąÃąÄ Dhammas à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það.
Ãtlunin [tengd] sÃŊnilegum myndum à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg,
Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.
Ãtlunin [tengd] hljÃŗÃ°um à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er
taášhÄ, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
Ãtlunin [tengd] lykt à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taášhÄ,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Ãtlunin [tengd]
smekk à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Ãtlunin
[tengd] lÃkamlegum fyrirbÃĻrum à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er
taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ
hÃĻttir Það. Ãtlunin [tengd] dhammas à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg,
Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.
TaášhÄ fyrir sÃŊnileg form à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar sem
taášhÄ er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. TaášhÄ fyrir hljÃŗÃ° Ã
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. TaášhÄ fyrir lykt
à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar sem taášhÄ er yfirgefið, Þar
sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. TaášhÄ fyrir smekk à heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar sem taášhÄ er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það
hÃĻttir. TaášhÄ fyrir lÃkamsfyrirbÃĻri à heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.
TaášhÄ fyrir dhammas à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar sem taášhÄ
er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.
Vitakka sÃŊnilegra
mynda à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Vitakka
hljÃŗÃ°anna à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það
er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Vitakka
lyktar à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Vitakka smekkur Ã
heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Vitakka
lÃkamsfyrirbÃĻra à heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taášhÄ,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Vitakka dhammas
à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.
RÃĄÃ°stefna sÃŊnilegra
mynda à heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. The vicÄra af
hljÃŗÃ°um à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taášhÄ, Þegar
yfirgefin, er yfirgefin, Þar Þegar hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Aðstoðin við lykt Ã
heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið,
Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Aðstoðarmaður
smekksins à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taášhÄ, Þegar
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Aðstoð
lÃkamlegra fyrirbÃĻra à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er
taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það
hÃĻttir. VÃkarhÃĄttur dama à heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er
taášhÄ, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Ãetta er
kallað, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ nirodha ariyasacca.
E4. SÃŊning Maggasacca
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gÄminÄĢ paášipadÄ ariyasacca?
Ãað er bara Þessi ariya aášášhaáš
gika magga, Það er að segja sammÄdiášášhi,
sammÄsaáš
kappo, sammÄvÄcÄ, sammÄkammanto, sammÄ-ÄjÄĢvo, sammÄvÄyÄmo,
sammÄsati og sammÄsamÄdhi.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er sammÄdiášášhi?
Ãað, bhikkhus, sem er ÃąÄáša dukkha, ÃąÄáša dukkha-samudaya, ÃąÄáša
dukkha-nirodha og ÃąÄáša af dukkha-nirodha-gÄmini paášipada, Það er kallað,
bhikkhus, sammÄdiášášhi.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, eru sammÄsaáš
kappas?
Ãeir, bhikkhus, sem eru saáš
kappas of nekkhamma, saáš
kappas of abyÄpÄda,
saáš
kappas of avihiášsÄ, Þeir eru kallaðir, bhikkhus, sammÄsaáš
kappas.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er sammÄvÄcÄ? Ãað, bhikkhus, sem situr hjÃĄ við
musÄvÄdÄ, situr hjÃĄ við pisuáša vÄcÄ, situr hjÃĄ við pharusa vÄcÄ og situr
hjÃĄ við samphappalÄpa, Það er kallað, bhikkhus, sammÄvÄcÄ.
Og
hvað, bhikkhus, er sammÄ-kammanta? Ãað, bhikkhus, sem situr hjÃĄ við
pÄášÄtipÄta, situr hjÃĄ við adinnÄdÄna, situr hjÃĄ abrahmacariya, Það er
kallað, bhikkhus, sammÄ-kammanta.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er
sammÄ-ÄjÄĢva? HÊr styður bhikkhus, gÃļfugur lÃĻrisveinn, sem hefur
yfirgefið rangt lÃfsviðurvÃĻri, lÃf sitt með rÊttum lÃfsafkomu, Það er
kallað, bhikkhus, sammÄ-ÄjÄĢva.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er sammÄvÄyÄma?
HÊr bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr chanda sÃna til Þess að koma ekki upp
Ãŗuppgerðum pÄpaka og akusala dhammas, hann beitir sÊr, vekur viriya
sÃna, beitir krÃļftuglega sÃtrÃŗnu sinni og reynir; hann bÃŊr til chanda
sÃna til að yfirgefa risið pÄpaka og akusala dhammas, hann beitir sÊr
fyrir sÊr, vekur viriya sÃna, beitir krÃļftuglega sÃtrÃŗnu sinni og
leitast við; hann bÃŊr til chanda sÃna vegna Ãŗuppkominna kusala dhammas,
hann beitir sÊr fyrir sÊr, vekur viriya sÃna, beitir krÃļftuglega sÃtrÃŗnu
sinni og leitast við; hann bÃŊr til chanda sÃna fyrir staðfÃļstu uppkomnu
kusala dhammas, vegna fjarveru rugls Þeirra, vegna fjÃļlgunar Þeirra,
Þroska Þeirra, rÃĻktunar Þeirra og frÃĄgangs, hann beitir sÊr fyrir sÊr,
vekur viriya sÃna, beitir krÃļftuglega sÃtrÃŗnu sinni og reynir. Ãetta er
kallað, bhikkhus, sammÄvÄyÄma.
Hvað er sammÄsati? HÊr bhikkhus,
bhikkhu bÃŊr og fylgist með kÄya à kÄya, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, eftir
að hafa gefið upp abhijjhÄ-domanassa gagnvart heiminum. Hann bÃŊr og
fylgist með vedanÄ Ã vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, eftir að hafa
gefist upp abhijjhÄ-domanassa gagnvart heiminum. Hann dvelur og fylgist
með sÃtrÃŗnu à sÃtrÃŗnu, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, eftir að hafa gefið upp
abhijjhÄ-domanassa gagnvart heiminum. Hann dvelur við að fylgjast með
dhamma’s à dhamma’s, ttÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, eftir að hafa gefið upp
abhijjhÄ-domanassa gagnvart heiminum. Ãetta er kallað, bhikkhus,
sammÄsati.
Og hvað, bhikkhus, er sammÄsamÄdhi? HÊr, bhikkhus,
bhikkhu, aðskilinn frÃĄ kÄma, aðskilinn frÃĄ akusala dhammas, að hafa
komist inn à fyrsta jhÄna, bÃŊr Þar Ã, með vitakka og vicÄra, með pÃti og
sukha fÃĻddan af aðskilnað. Með stillingu vitakka-vicÄra, eftir að hafa
farið inn à seinni jhana, stendur hann Þar við innri kyrrð, sameiningu
citta, ÃĄn vitakka nÊ vicÄra, með pti og sukha fÃĻddan af samÄdhi. Og með
afskiptaleysi gagnvart pÃti, er hann à upekkha, sato og sampajÄno, hann
upplifir à kÄya sÃēkkuna sem arÃan lÃŊsir: âsÃĄ sem er jafnrÃŗmur og
hugfastur bÃŊr à [Þessari] sukhaâ, Þegar hann hefur gengið inn à Þriðja
jhana, stendur hann við Þar Ã. Yfirgefin sukha og yfirgefin dukkha,
somanassa og domanassa hafa ÃĄÃ°ur horfið, ÃĄn sukha nÊ dukkha, með
hreinleika upekkha og sati, eftir að hafa farið inn à fjÃŗrða jhana, og
hann stendur Þar Ã. Ãetta er kallað, bhikkhus, sammÄsamÄdhi.
Ãetta er kallað, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gÄminÄĢ paášipadÄ ariyasacca.
Ãannig dvelur hann við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas innbyrðis, eða
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas ytra, eða hann dvelur
við að fylgjast með dammas à dammas innra og Ãētvortis; hann dvelur við
að fylgjast með samudaya af fyrirbÃĻrum à dammas, eða hann dvelur við að
horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri à dhammas, eða hann bÃŊr við að fylgjast með
samudaya og lÃða fyrirbÃĻri à dhammas; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta
eru dammar!” sati er til staðar à honum, bara að Þvà marki bara ÃąÄáša og
hreinu paášissati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt Ã
heiminum. Ãannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með dhammas Ã
dhammas, með vÃsan til arÃakakanna fjÃļgurra.
Ãvinningurinn af Þvà að ÃĻfa SatipaášášhÄnas
Fyrir hvern Þann, bhikkhus, sem myndi iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ
Þennan hÃĄtt à sjÃļ ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum:
annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ sjÃļ ÃĄr, bhikkhus.
Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt à sex ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort
[fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver
henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ sex ÃĄr, bhikkhus. Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem,
bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt à fimm
ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort
[fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver
fastur liður eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ fimm ÃĄr, bhikkhus. Fyrir
ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt Ã
fjÃļgur ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort
[fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver
henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ fjÃļgur ÃĄr, bhikkhus. Fyrir ÃžÃĄ
sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt Ã
ÞrjÃē ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort
[fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver
henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ ÞrjÃē ÃĄr, bhikkhus. Fyrir ÃžÃĄ
sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt Ã
tvÃļ ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort
[fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver
fastagangur eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ tvÃļ ÃĄr, bhikkhus. Fyrir
hvern Þann, bhikkhus, sem myndi ÃĻfa Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt à eitt ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað
hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ eitt ÃĄr, bhikkhus.
Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt à sjÃļ mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað
hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ sjÃļ mÃĄnuði, bhikkhus.
Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt à sex mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað
hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver eftirhaldandi, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ sex mÃĄnuði, bhikkhus.
Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt à fimm mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað
hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ fimm mÃĄnuði, bhikkhus.
Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt à fjÃŗra mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað
hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ fjÃŗra mÃĄnuði, bhikkhus.
Fyrir hvern Þann, bhikkhus, sem myndi ÃĻfa Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ
Þennan hÃĄtt à ÞrjÃĄ mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum:
annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það
er einhver henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ ÞrjÃĄ mÃĄnuði,
bhikkhus. Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas
ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt à tvo mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur
niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum,
eða ef Það er einhver henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ tvo
mÃĄnuði, bhikkhus. Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar
satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt à einn mÃĄnuð, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af
tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum
fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað
ÃžÃĄ einn mÃĄnuð, bhikkhus. Fyrir hvern Þann, bhikkhus, sem myndi ÃĻfa
Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt à hÃĄlfan mÃĄnuð, mÃĄ bÃēast við
annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ
sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
Hvað ÃžÃĄ hÃĄlfan mÃĄnuð, bhikkhus. Fyrir hvern Þann, bhikkhus, sem myndi
ÃĻfa Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaášášhÄnas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt à viku, mÃĄ bÃēast við
annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ
sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver henging eftir, anÄgÄmita.
âÃetta, bhikkhus, er leiðin sem leiðir til annars en hreinsunar
veranna, að vinna bug ÃĄ sorg og harma, hvarf dukkha-domanassa, nÃĄ rÊttu
leiðinni, ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ NibbÄna, Það er að segja fjÃŗrir satipaášášhÄnas. ”
Ãannig hefur Það verið sagt og ÃĄ grundvelli alls Þessa hefur verið sagt.
Ãannig talaði BhagavÄ. Afskaplega ÃĄnÃĻgður, bhikkhÃēsin fÃļgnuðu orðum BhagavÄ.
https://www.youtube.com/watchâĻ
Halelujah ÃĄ Ãslensku, sungið af BrÃet Sunnu engli à mannsmynd
Engill ÃÃŗr
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BrÃet Sunna sÃļng Þetta við jarsetningu mÃŗÃ°ur minnar og verður mÊr Það
ÃĄvalt dÃŊrmÃĻtt og er Êg svo glÃļð að geta deilt Þessum fagra sÃļng og
fallegu ÃētgÃĄfu af Þessu lagi með ykkur. à minnungu mÃŗÃ°ur minnar Êg ÃĄvalt
mun ganga með ljÃŗs à hjarta og vil Êg Þakka Þessum fagra engli henni
Sunnu og BÃļðvari Reynis að hafa gefið sÊr tÃma à studioi til að taka
Þetta upp fyrir mig og gÃtarspilara lÃka.
Category
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LESSON 3289 Sat 29 Feb 2020
from
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered âMain Bharat Baudhmay karunga.â (I will make India Buddhist)
https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/âĻ/noveâĻ/74100705
https://gulfnews.com/âĻ/india-doctor-claims-to-have-inventedâĻ
Doctor claims to have invented cure for Coronavirus
Chennai: A Siddha doctor from Tamil Nadu has claimed to have formulated a herbal medicine that can cure Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Novel coronavirus to be called COVID-19: WHO
The deadly novel coronavirus has now got its official name. From now
on, the virus will be known as ‘COVID-19′., which was first detected in
the city of Wuhan in China in December 2019 and has no effective vaccine
or drug to treat it.
Dr Thanikasalam Veni of Rathna Siddha Hospital in Chennai has 25-year of vast experience in field Siddha medicines
Speaking to ANI, he said: “We have formulated a medicine from an
extract of herbs. It is very effective to cure any type of viral fever.
Coronavirus has no medicine. In China’s Wuhan where Coronavirus has
claimed over 50 lives, experts have no idea how to cure the disease. Our
herbal extract medicine is used to treat dengue, multi-organ fever and
acute liver fever.”
“We want to tell the World Health
Organisation (WHO) and the Chinese government that our medicine is very
effective in treating multi-organ failure in corona fever condition,” he
said.
The Siddha doctor claimed that the medicine formulated by
him along with his team treats infections caused by the virus within 24
hours to 40 hours.
“When we treated the dengue virus with our
medicine, many patients with reduced platelets count, acute liver
failure, immunity deficiency and low white blood cell (WBC) were cured
within 24-40 hours,” said Veni.
“In coronavirus too I am confident our medicine will be very effective,” he added.
The doctor said he is willing to help the state and the central government as well as China if required.
“If the Centre and state government require then I am ready with
medicine. Also, if China wants my contribution I am ready to fly
immediately to Wuhan with my medicine which can cure Coronavirus,” he
said.
The virus, which has no effective vaccine, was reported on
January 16 in Japan, the first case outside China and its territories.
Coronaviruses (nCoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness
ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus is a new strain that has not been
previously identified in humans.
Common signs of infection
include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and
breathing difficulties. In more severe cases, the infection can cause
pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even
death.
New Delhi, The deadly novel coronavirus has now got its official name. From now on, the virus will be known as ‘COVID-19′.
In a statement released by the World Health Organisation, its
Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, “we now have a name
for the disease: COVID-19. I’ll spell it: C-O-V-I-D hyphen one nine -
COVID-19.” He termed the virus as “a common enemy.”
The statement was released on Tuesday by the World Health Organisation.
The WHO chief also said that, “under agreed guidelines between WHO, the
World Organisation for Animal Health and the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, we had to find a name that did not
refer to a geographical location, an animal, an individual or group of
people, and which is also pronounceable and related to the disease.
Having a name matters to prevent the use of other names that can be
inaccurate or stigmatizing. It also gives us a standard format to use
for any future coronavirus outbreaks.”
According to the World
Health Organisation there were 42,708 confirmed cases reported in China,
and tragically the death toll surpassed 1000 deaths as on Tuesday.
“More than 2000 people in China have lost their lives due to this virus.
Most of the cases and most of the deaths are in Hubei province. Outside
China, there are 393 cases in 24 countries, and 1 death,” said Dr
Ghebreyesus.
The world health body also said that it had
activated a UN Crisis Management Team, to be led by Dr Mike Ryan that
will help the organisation focus on the health response while the other
agencies could bring their expertise to bear on the wider social,
economic and developmental implications of the outbreak so we are all
working to our strengths. Dr Mike Ryan will coordinate the whole UN
response.
WHO is also hosting a two-day meeting of more than 400
scientists from around the world, both in person and virtually called
Global research and innovation forum on February 11 and 12.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSMyFNwWuso
A KÃRPÃT-MEDENCE ÅSTÃRTÃNETE MEGHÃKKENTÅ MAGYAR NYOMOKKAL - AVAGY A HÃRHEDT ZABÃLÃS VIDI
HUNGARIANHISTORY3
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Category
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-m1XRoYUqVs
KovÃĄcsovics Fruzsina - PingvintÃĄnc
IstenesBence
176K subscribers
A PingvintÃĄnc KovÃĄcsovics Fruzsina Elfeledett mÊzescsÃŗk c. elsÅ
gyerekalbumÃĄrÃŗl Fruzsi Ês Fluor Tomi egyetlen kÃļzÃļs dala. A dal szerzÅi
bevÊteleibÅl Fruzsi Ês Tomi az ÃrÃļkbefogadÃĄsi Programon keresztÃŧl a
FÅvÃĄrosi Ãllat- Ês NÃļvÊnykert munkÃĄjÃĄt tÃĄmogatja. Ha 2012.11.04-ig Te is
letÃļltÃļd a dalt innen:
akkor azzal jelkÊpesen Te is hozzÃĄjÃĄrulsz a tÃĄmogatÃĄshoz. KÃļszÃļnjÃŧk!!!!
Fruzsi ruhÃĄja: Evetke
http://www.facebook.com/KovacsovicsFr…
A videÃŗt kÊszÃtette: Istenes Bence
DalszÃļveg:
FehÊr a has, fekete a hÃĄt, a hÃŗban lÃĄtnÃĄk a lÃĄbunk nyomÃĄt,
Ha Êpp a DÊli-sarkon jÃĄrnÃĄnk
BÃĄlnÃĄkkal ÃēszhatnÃĄnk, cipÅ nÊlkÃŧl ballagnÃĄnk,
Ha Êpp a DÊli-sarkon jÃĄrnÃĄnk
Refr:
Mert
Ha pingvintÃĄncot tÃĄncolunk,
Mi is pingvinnÊ vÃĄlhatunk,
A jÊgen hason csÃēszhatunk,
A vÃzbÅl halakat falhatunk
De most dÃŧlÃļngÊlve totyogjÃĄl,
KÃļrbe-kÃļrbe forogjÃĄl,
SzÃĄrnyad csapkodd, a lÃĄbad rÃĄzd,
Ilyen egyszerÅą ez a pingvintÃĄnc!
A hÃŗban alhatnÃĄnk, hideg lenne, de nem fÃĄznÃĄnk,
Ha Êpp a DÊli-sarkon jÃĄrnÃĄnk
BÃĄlnÃĄkkal ÃēszhatnÃĄnk, cipÅ nÊlkÃŧl ballagnÃĄnk,
Ha Êpp a DÊli-sarkon jÃĄrnÃĄnk
(Refr.)
TÃĄnc, tÃĄnc, Ãēgy tÅąnik, kitÃļrt a lÃĄz
MegÅrÃŧlsz, amikor pingvint lÃĄtsz
Ugye megleshetem majd Ên is azt,
Hogy mennyire hideg a DÊli-sark?!
NÊzd, nÊzd, ahogyan vÃĄltozom ÃĄt,
MegcsodÃĄlja az egÊsz csalÃĄd
Mert csapkodok, mert tÃĄncolok,
Mert fekete-fehÊren pislogok
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MahÄsatipaášášhÄna Sutta - TudatossÃĄgfigyelÊs - a legjobb animÃĄlt Buddha-kÊppel Klasszikus Magyar-Klasszikus magyar
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Ezt a szutta szÊles kÃļrben tekintik a meditÃĄciÃŗs gyakorlat alapvetÅ referenciÃĄjÃĄnak.
BevezetÊs
I. KÄya megfigyelÊse
A. Az ÄnÄpÄna szakasz
B. A testtartÃĄsokrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
C. Szakasz a sampajaÃąÃąÃĄrÃŗl
D. A visszataszÃtÃŗ kÊpessÊgrÅl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
E. Az elemekrÅl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
F. Szakasz a kilenc kÃĄntÃĄlpÃĄlyÃĄrÃŗl
II. VedanÄ megfigyelÊse
III. Citta megfigyelÊse
IV. Dhammas megfigyelÊse
A. Szakasz a NÄĢvaraášs-on
B. A Khandhas szekciÃŗ
C. Az ÊrzÊkelÊsi szfÊrÃĄkrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
D. A Bojjhaáš
gas-szekciÃŗ
E. Az igazsÃĄgokrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
E1. Dukkhasacca kiÃĄllÃtÃĄsa
E2. Samudayasacca kiÃĄllÃtÃĄsa
E3. Nirodhasacca kiÃĄllÃtÃĄsa
E4. Maggasacca kiÃĄllÃtÃĄsa
BevezetÊs
Ãgy hallottam:
Egy alkalommal a BhagavÄ a Kurus kÃļzÃļtt tartÃŗzkodott KammÄsadhamma-ban, a Kurus piacvÃĄrosÃĄban. Ott a bhikkhushoz fordult:
- Bhikkhus.â Bhaddante vÃĄlaszolt a bhikkhusra. A BhagavÄ azt mondta:
- Ez a bhikkhus az, ami a lÊnyek megtisztulÃĄsÃĄhoz, a szomorÃēsÃĄg Ês a
siralom legyÅzÊsÊhez, a dukkha-domanassa eltÅąnÊsÊhez, a helyes Ãēt
elÊrÊsÊhez, a NibbÄna megvalÃŗsulÃĄsÃĄhoz vezet, vagyis a lÊnyek
megtisztulÃĄsÃĄhoz, a fÃĄjdalom Ês a siralom legyÅzÊsÊhez, vagyis a nÊgy
satipaášášhÄnas.
Melyik nÊgy? Itt, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu Ãēgy nÊz ki,
mint a kÃĄja, kÄjÄ, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, miutÃĄn abhijjhÄ-domanassa
feladta a vilÃĄgot. Megfigyeli a vedanÃĄt vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ,
Ês abhijjhÄ-domanassa feladta a vilÃĄgot. A citta megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, amikor abhijjhÄ-domanassa feladta a
vilÃĄgot. A dhamma megfigyelÊsÊvel lakozik dhamma ¡ s, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno,
satimÄ, Ês abhijjhÄ-domanassa feladta a vilÃĄgot.
I. KÄyÄnupassanÄ
A. Az ÄnÄpÄna szakasz
Ãs hogyan, bhikkhus, tartÃŗzkodik-e egy bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben?
Itt a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, miutÃĄn elment az erdÅbe, elment a fa
gyÃļkerÊhez, vagy elment egy Ãŧres helyisÊgbe, leÃŧl, lehajtva a lÃĄbait,
keresztirÃĄnyban ÃĄllÃtva, kÄya helyzetbe ÃĄllÃtva, Ês beÃĄllÃtva, hogy sati
parimukhaáš. Ãgy szatÃŗkÊnt lÊlegzik be, Ãgy szatÃŗkÊnt lÊlegzik. Hosszan
lÊlegezve megÊrti: âhosszÃē lÊlegzemâ; hosszÃē lÊgzÊst jelent, Ês megÊrti:
âhosszÃē lÊgzÊst okozokâ; rÃļvid lÊgzÊs: megÊrti: ârÃļviden lÊlegzemâ;
rÃļvid lÊlegzettel megÊrti: âRÃļvidesen lÊlegzemâ; kikÊpezi magÃĄt: âÊrezve
az egÊsz kÄjÃĄt, belÊlegzemâ; kikÊpezi magÃĄt: âÊrezve az egÊsz kÄyÃĄt, ki
fogok lÊlegezniâ; kÊpzi magÃĄt: âmegnyugtatja a kÄya-saáš
khÄrÃĄkat,
belÊlegezemâ; kikÊpezi magÃĄt: âmegnyugtatva a kÄya-saáš
khÄrÃĄkat, ki fogok
lÊlegezniâ.
UgyanÃēgy, mint egy bhikkhus, egy Ãŧgyes esztergÃĄlÃŗ
vagy egy fordulÃŗ gyakornok, aki egy hosszÃē kanyarral jÃĄr, megÊrti: âÃn
hosszÃē fordulatot teszekâ; rÃļvid fordulÃĄssal megÊrti: âRÃļvid fordulatot
teszekâ; ugyanÃēgy, a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, hosszÃē lÊlegzettel, megÊrti:
âhosszan lÊlegzemâ; hosszÃē lÊgzÊst jelent, Ês megÊrti: âhosszÃē lÊgzÊst
okozokâ; rÃļvid lÊgzÊs: megÊrti: ârÃļviden lÊlegzemâ; rÃļvid lÊlegzettel
megÊrti: âRÃļvidesen lÊlegzemâ; kikÊpezi magÃĄt: âÊrezve az egÊsz kÄjÃĄt,
belÊlegezemâ; kikÊpezi magÃĄt: âÊrezve az egÊsz kÄyÃĄt, ki fogok
lÊlegezniâ; kÊpzi magÃĄt: âmegnyugtatja a kÄya-saáš
khÄrÃĄkat, belÊlegezemâ;
kikÊpezi magÃĄt: âmegnyugtatva a kÄya-saáš
khÄrÃĄkat, ki fogok lÊlegezniâ.
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsÅleg, vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ
megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen
lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy
a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy
pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kÄya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta
ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem
ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
B. A testtartÃĄsokrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
EzenkÃvÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, sÊtÃĄlva megÊrti: âsÊtÃĄlokâ, vagy ÃĄllva
megÊrti: âÃĄllokâ, vagy Ãŧlve megÊrti: âÃŧlÃļkâ, vagy fekve fekszik, Ês
megÊrti: â Lefekszem â. Vagy kÃŧlÃļnben is, bÃĄrhovÃĄ is helyezkedik el,
mint kÃĄja, ennek megfelelÅen megÊrti.
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik belsÅleg, vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy
pedig a kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn
Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez
kÄya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
C. Szakasz a sampajaÃąÃąÃĄrÃŗl
EzenkÃvÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mikÃļzben megkÃļzelÃti Ês tÃĄvozik,
szampajaÃąÃąa-val jÃĄr, mikÃļzben elÅre nÊz, Ês kÃļrÃŧlnÊzett, szampajaÃąÃąa-val
jÃĄr, mikÃļzben meghajlik Ês nyÃējtÃŗzkodik, szampajaÃąÃąa-val viselkedik,
mikÃļzben a kÃļpenyt Ês a felsÅ kÃļpenyt viseli. a tÃĄl hordozÃĄsakor
sampajaÃąÃąa-val viselkedik, evÊs kÃļzben, ivÃĄs kÃļzben, rÃĄgÃĄs kÃļzben, ÃzlÊs
kÃļzben sampajaÃąÃąa-val viselkedik, mikÃļzben elvÊgzi a szÊklet-ÃŧrÃtÊs Ês
vizelÊs Ãŧzleti tevÊkenysÊgÊt, sampajaÃąÃąa-val jÃĄr, jÃĄrÃĄs kÃļzben, ÃĄllva,
Ãŧlve alszik, Êbren, beszÊlgetÊs kÃļzben Ês csendben sampajaÃąÃąa-val
cselekszik.
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsÅleg, vagy
pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban
valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai
jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kÄya!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
D. A RepultivitÃĄs szakasz
EzenkÃvÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu ezt a testet veszi figyelembe, a lÃĄb
talpÃĄtÃŗl felfelÊ Ês a fej lefelÊ fekvÅ hajÃĄtÃŗl, amelyet a bÅre hatÃĄrol,
Ês kÃŧlÃļnfÊle szennyezÅdÊsekkel tele van: “Ebben a kÃĄjÃĄban vannak a
szÅrszÃĄlak a fej, a test szÅrszÃĄlai, a kÃļrmÃļk, a fogak, a bÅr, a test,
az inak, a csontok, a csontvelÅ, a vesÊk, a szÃv, a mÃĄj, a mellhÃĄrtya, a
lÊp, a tÃŧdÅ, a belek, a mesenterium, a gyomor Ês annak tartalma,
szÊklet, epe, lÃĄz , genny, vÊr, verejtÊk, zsÃr, kÃļnny, zsÃr, nyÃĄl,
orrnyÃĄlkahÃĄrtya, ÃzÃŧleti folyadÊk Ês vizelet. “
Mintha bhikkhus
lenne, egy zsÃĄk volt, kÊt nyÃlÃĄssal, Ês kÃŧlÃļnfÊle gabonafÊlÊkkel tÃļltÃļtt
meg, mint pÊldÃĄul hegyes hÃĄntolatlan hÃĄntolatlan rizs, mung bab, tehÊn
borsÃŗ, szezÃĄmmag Ês hÃĄntolt rizs. Egy jÃŗ lÃĄtÃĄsÃē ember, kibontva azt, azt
fontolgatja [annak tartalma]: “Ez hegyes rizs, ez egy rizs, ezek mung
bab, tehÊn borsÃŗ, ez szezÃĄmmag Ês ez hÃĄntolt rizs;” ugyanÃēgy, a
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu ezt a testet veszi figyelembe, a lÃĄb talpÃĄtÃŗl
felfelÊ Ês a fej lefelÊ lÊvÅ hajÃĄtÃŗl fÃŧggÅen, amelyet a bÅre hatÃĄrol Ês
kÃŧlÃļnfÊle szennyezÅdÊsekkel tele van: a fej szÅrszÃĄlai, a test
szÅrszÃĄlai, a kÃļrmÃļk, a fogak, a bÅr, a test, az inak, a csontok, a
csontvelÅ, a vesÊk, a szÃv, a mÃĄj, a mellhÃĄrtya, a lÊp, a tÃŧdÅ, a belek,
a mesentery, a gyomor Ês annak tartalma, a szÊklet, epe, vÃĄladÊk,
genny, vÊr, verejtÊk, zsÃr, kÃļnny, zsÃr, nyÃĄl, orrnyÃĄlkahÃĄrtya, ÃzÃŧleti
folyadÊk Ês vizelet. “
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik
belsÅleg, vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy pedig a
kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai
jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kÄya!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
E. Az elemekrÅl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
EzenkÃvÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu tÃŧkrÃļzi ezt a nagyon kÃĄjÃĄt, bÃĄr el van
helyezve, bÃĄr elemeibÅl ÃĄll: “Ebben a kÃĄjÃĄban vannak a fÃļld elem, a vÃz
elem, a tÅąz elem Ês a levegÅ elem.”
UgyanÃēgy, mint egy bhikkhus,
egy Ãŧgyes hentes vagy egy hentes tanÃtvÃĄnya, miutÃĄn megÃļlte a tehÊnÊt,
egy keresztezÅdÊsen Ãŧlt, darabolva azt darabokra; ugyanÃēgy, a bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu visszatÃŧkrÃļzi ezt a nagyon kÃĄjÃĄt, bÃĄr elhelyezi, bÃĄrmennyire
elrendeli: “Ebben a kÃĄjÃĄban vannak a fÃļld elem, a vÃz elem, a tÅąz elem
Ês a levegÅ elem.”
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsÅleg,
vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlsÅ
kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai
jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kÄya!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
F. Szakasz a kilenc kÃĄntÃĄlpÃĄlyÃĄrÃŗl
(1)
EzenkÃvÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, amelyet
kÃĄpolna talajÃĄba dobna, egy nap halott, vagy kÊt nap halott vagy hÃĄrom
napos halott, duzzadt, kÊkes Ês feszes, ezt nagyon koyÃĄnak tekinti: ” Ez
a kÄya szintÊn ilyen termÊszetÅą, ilyenkÊpp vÃĄlik, Ês nem mentes az
ilyen ÃĄllapottÃŗl. “
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsÅleg,
vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlsÅ
kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai
jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kÄya!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
(2)
EzenkÃvÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, eldobja
egy karnolt talajban, varjak esznek, sÃŗlymok emelik, keselyÅąk elik,
gÊmek eszik, kutyÃĄk esznek, tigrisek ÃĄltal megengedett, pÃĄrducok eszik,
kÃŧlÃļnfÊle lÊnyek eszik, ezt nagyon kÄjÃĄnak tartja: “Ez a kaya is olyan
termÊszetÅą, ilyen lesz, Ês nem mentes ilyen kÃļrÃŧlmÊnyektÅl. “
Ãgy
a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsÅleg, vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ
megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen
lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy
a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy
pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kÄya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta
ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem
ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
(3)
EzenkÃvÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu,
mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, amelyet egy karnolt talajban dobott el,
testtel Ês vÊrrel ellÃĄtott pattanÃŗt tartva az inakkal, ezt nagyon
kÄjÃĄnak tartja: “Ez a kÃĄja szintÊn ilyen termÊszet, ilyen lesz, Ês nem
mentes az ilyen kÃļrÃŧlmÊnyektÅl. “
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik belsÅleg, vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy
pedig a kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn
Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez
kÄya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
(4)
RÃĄadÃĄsul bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtott volna,
szÊnsavas fÃļldbe dobva, test nÊlkÃŧli, vÊrrel kimerÃŧlt, vÊnnal festett
sarkon, amelyet inak tartanak, ezt nagyon kÄjÃĄnak tartja: “Ez a kÄya is
ilyen termÊszetÅą, ilyen lesz, Ês nem mentes ilyen kÃļrÃŧlmÊnyektÅl. “
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsÅleg, vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ
megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen
lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy
a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy
pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kÄya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta
ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem
ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
(5)
EzenkÃvÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu,
mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtott volna, szÊnsavas fÃļldbe dobva, testtel Ês
vÊr nÊlkÃŧli pattanÃĄssal, amelyet az inak tartanak, ezt nagyon âkÃĄjÃĄÃĄnakâ
tartja: âEz a kunya is ilyen termÊszet, ilyen lesz, Ês nem mentes az
ilyen kÃļrÃŧlmÊnyektÅl. “
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik
belsÅleg, vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy pedig a
kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai
jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kÄya!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
(6)
EzenkÃvÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, eldobja
egy karnolt talajban, itt-ott szÊtszÃŗrÃŗdott levÃĄlasztott csontok, itt
egy kÊzcsont, ott egy lÃĄbcsont, itt egy bokacsont, egy lÃĄbszÃĄrcsont Itt
egy combcsontot, itt egy csÃpÅcsontot, itt egy bordÃĄt, ott egy
hÃĄtcsontot, itt egy gerinccsontot, ott egy nyakcsontot, itt egy
ÃĄllkapocscsontot, ott egy fogcsontot vagy ott a koponyÃĄt, ezt nagyon
kÄjÃĄnak tartja : “Ez a kÄya szintÊn ilyen jellegÅą, ilyenkÊpp vÃĄlik, Ês
nem mentes az ilyen ÃĄllapottÃŗl.”
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik belsÅleg, vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy
pedig a kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn
Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez
kÄya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
(7)
EzenkÃvÃŧl, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, eldobva
egy karnolt talajban, a csontok fehÊrednek, mint egy kagylÃŗ, ezt nagyon
kÄjÃĄnak tartja: “Ez a kÃĄja szintÊn ilyen jellegÅą, megy Ãgy vÃĄlni, Ês nem
mentes az ilyen feltÊtelektÅl. “
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik belsÅleg, vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy
pedig a kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn
Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez
kÄya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
(8)
RÃĄadÃĄsul a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, eldobva
egy szÊnsavas fÃļldbe, egy Êven ÃĄt felhalmozva a csontokat, ezt nagyon
“kÃĄjÃĄÃĄnak” tartja: “Ez a kÄya szintÊn ilyen termÊszetÅą, Ãgy lesz, Ês nem
mentes az ilyen feltÊtelektÅl. “
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik belsÅleg, vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy
pedig a kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn
Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez
kÄya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
(9
EzenkÃvÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, csakÃēgy, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtott
volna, amelyet egy karnolt talajban dobnÃĄnak el, Ês a rothadt csontokat
porra redukÃĄlnÃĄk, ezt nagyon kÄjÃĄnak tartja: “Ez a kÃĄya szintÊn ilyen
jellegÅą, fog ilyenvÊ vÃĄlni, Ês nem mentes az ilyen feltÊtelektÅl. “
Ãgy a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsÅleg, vagy pedig a kÄyÃĄban valÃŗ
megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlsÅ kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen
lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy
a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy
pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kÄya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta
ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem
ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.
II. VedanÄ megfigyelÊse
Ãs emellett, bhikkhus, hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu vedanÄ-t vedanÄ-ban megfigyelve?
A bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, aki egy sukha vedanÄ-t tapasztal, alÃĄhÃēzza: “egy
sukha vedanÄ-t tapasztalok”; a dukkha vedanÄ megtapasztalÃĄsa
alÃĄtÃĄmasztja: “dukkha vedanÃĄt tapasztalom”; az adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ
megtapasztalÃĄsa alÃĄtÃĄmasztja: “Adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ-t tapasztalom”;
egy sukha vedanÄ sÄmisa megtapasztalÃĄsa alatt ÃĄll: “sukha vedanÄ
sÄmisa-t tapasztalok”; egy sukha vedanÄ nirÄmisa megtapasztalÃĄsa alatt
ÃĄll: “sukha vedanÄ nirÄmisÃĄt tapasztalom”; egy dukkha vedanÄ sÄmisa
megtapasztalÃĄsa alatt ÃĄll: “dukkha vedanÄ sÄmisa-t tapasztalok”; a
dukkha vedanÄ nirÄmisa megtapasztalÃĄsa alÃĄtÃĄmasztja: “dukkha vedanÄ
nirÄmisÃĄt tapasztalom”; az adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ sÄmisa megtapasztalÃĄsa
alatt ÃĄll: “Adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ sÄmisa-t tapasztalom”;
megtapasztalva egy adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ nirÄmisÃĄt, alÃĄhÃēzza:
“Adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ nirÄmisÃĄt tapasztalom”.
Ãgy a vedanÃĄ
megfigyelÊsekor vedanÄ belÃŧl, vagy vedanÄ megfigyelÊsekor vedanÄ kÃvÃŧl,
vagy vedanÄ megfigyelÊsÊn belÃŧl Ês kÃvÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik; a vedanÃĄ
jelensÊgeinek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl lakozik, vagy a jelensÊg vedanÄ
jelenetÊnek eltÅąnÊsÊnÊl figyel, vagy a samudaya megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a
vedanÄ jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez vedanÄ!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
Ãgy, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a vedanÃĄt vedanÄ-ban megfigyelve lakozik.
III. Citta megfigyelÊse
Ãs emellett, bhikkhus, hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu, megfigyelve a cittat a citta alatt?
Itt, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a citÃĄt Ês a raga-t “citta Ês raga” -kÊnt
Êrti, vagy pedig a raga nÊlkÃŧli cittat “citta-raga” -kÊnt Êrti, vagy a
citosa-t a dosa-val “citta with dosa” -kÊnt Êrti, vagy pedig a citta-t
dosa nÊlkÃŧl Êrti “citta dosa nÊlkÃŧl”, vagy Ãēgy Êrti a citÃĄt a moha-val,
mint “citta a moha-val”, vagy Êrti a citÃĄt a moha nÊlkÃŧl, mint a “citta
nÊlkÃŧl, moha”, vagy Êrti az ÃļsszegyÅąjtÃļtt cittat, mint “ÃļsszegyÅąjtÃļtt
citta”, vagy Êrti szÊtszÃŗrtan. citta, mint “szÊtszÃŗrt citta”, vagy egy
kibÅvÃtett citÊt, mint “kibÅvÃtett cittat”, vagy egy kibÅvÃtett cittat,
mint “kibÅvÃtett cittÃĄt”, vagy megÊrti a felÃŧlmÃēlhatatlant, mint
“felÃŧlmÃēlhatatlan citta”, vagy Êrti egy felÃŧlmÃēlhatatlan citta, mint
“felÃŧlmÃēlhatatlan citta”, vagy Êrt egy letelepedett citrÃĄt, mint
“rendezett citta”, vagy megÊrti az el nem rendezett cittat, mint
“rendezetlen citta”, vagy megÊrti a felszabadult cittat, mint
“felszabadult citta”, vagy Ãēgy Êrtelmezi a nem ÃĄttÃļrt citrÃĄt, mint “nem
ÃĄttÃļrt citrÃĄt”.
Ãgy a citta megfigyelÊsÊn belÃŧl lakozik, vagy a
citta megfigyelÊsÊn kÃvÃŧl, vagy a cittÃĄt megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kÃvÃŧl
tartÃŗzkodik; a citÃĄtÃĄban a jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn vagy a
citÊtban a jelensÊgek elmÃēlÃĄsÃĄnak figyelÊsÊnÊl lakozik, vagy a
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a citÃĄtÃĄban a jelensÊgek eltÅąnÊsÊn lakozik;
vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļn:] “ez citta!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta
ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem
ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. Ãgy a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a cittÃĄt
citÃĄtÃĄban figyeli.
IV. Dhammas megfigyelÊse
A. Szakasz a NÄĢvaraášs-on
Ãs emellett, bhikkhus, hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu a dhammas dhammas
megfigyelÊsÊvel? Itt, bhikkhus, egy bhikkhu lakik, aki megfigyeli a
dhammasokat dhammÃĄkban, az Ãļt nÄĢvaraášÃĄra hivatkozva. Ãs emellett,
bhikkhus, hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu, aki megfigyeli a dhammasokat dhammÃĄkban
az Ãļt nÄĢvaraáša vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban?
Itt a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, ahol
lÊtezik kÄmacchanda, megÊrti: “bennem van” kÄmacchanda “; mivel nem
lÊtezik kÄmacchanda belÃŧl, megÊrti: “nincsen bennem kÄmacchanda”;
megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt alakul ki a feltÃĄratlan kÄmacchanda; megÊrti,
hogyan hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt kÄmacchandÃĄt; Ês megÊrti, hogy az
elhagyott kÄmacchanda hogyan jÃļhet lÊtre a jÃļvÅben.
A bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, amelyben lÊtezik byÄpÄda, megÊrti: “benned van bennem”; ha nem
lÊtezik byÄpÄda belÃŧl, megÊrti: “benned nincs bennem”; megÊrti, hogyan
jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄratlan byÄpÄda; megÊrti, hogyan hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt
byÄpÄda-t; Ês megÊrti, hogy az elhagyott byÄpÄda hogyan jÃļhet lÊtre a
jÃļvÅben.
Itt a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, ahol lÊtezik thÄĢnamiddhÄ,
megÊrti: “bennem van thÄĢnamiddhÄ”; mivel nem lÊtezik thÄĢnamiddhÄ belÃŧl,
megÊrti: “bennem nincs thÄĢnamiddhÄ”; megÊrti, hogyan jÃļn lÊtre a
feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli thÄĢnamiddha; megÊrti, hogyan hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt
thÄĢnamiddhÃĄt; Ês megÊrti, hogy az elhagyott thÄĢnamiddha miÊrt nem merÃŧl
fel a jÃļvÅben.
MegÊrti mana, megÊrti a dhammaszt, megÊrti a
szacyÃŗnanÃĄt, amely e kettÅ miatt felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn
lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli szášyojana, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt hagyjÃĄk el a
felmerÃŧlt saášyojana-t, Ês megÊrti, hogy az elhagyott saášyojana mikÊnt
nem merÃŧl fel. a jÃļvÅben.
Ãgy a dhammas megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl a
dhammÃĄkon belÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl
tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kÃvÃŧl
tartÃŗzkodik; a dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy
dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy a szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a dhammas jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļnve:]
“ezek dhamÃĄk!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. Ãgy, a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a dhammÃĄk megfigyelÊsÊben
tartÃŗzkodik, a hat belsŠÊs kÃŧlsÅ ÄyatanÃĄra hivatkozva.
D. A Bojjhaáš gas-szekciÃŗ
Ãs emellett, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a dhammas megfigyelÊsÊnÊl jÃĄtszik
dhammas formÃĄban, a hÊt bojjhaáš
ga vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban. Ãs emellett, bhikkhus,
hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu a dhammasok megfigyelÊsÊvel a dhammÃĄkban, a hÊt
bojjhaáš
ga vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban?
Itt a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, amelyben
lÊtezik a sati sambojjha beingga, megÊrti: “bennem van a sati
sambojjhaáš
ga”; mivel nincs jelen a sati sambojjhaáš
ga belÃŧl, megÊrti:
“bennem nincs sati sambojjhaáš
ga”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a
feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli sati sambojjhaáš
ga; megÊrti, hogy a felmerÃŧlt sati
sambojjhaáš
ga mikÊnt fejlÃĩdik tÃļkÊletesen.
Mivel a dhammavicaya
sambojjhaáš
ga jelen van bennÃŧnk, megÊrti: “bennem van a dhammavicaya
sambojjhaáš
ga”; mivel nincs jelen a dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga, megÊrti:
“nincs bennem dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga”; megÊrti, hogy a feltÃĄmadt
dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga hogyan jÃļn lÊtre; megÊrti, hogy a felmerÃŧlt
dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga mikÊnt fejlÅdik tÃļkÊletesen.
Mivel a
vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga jelen van bennÃŧnk, megÊrti: “bennem van a vÄĢriya
sambojjhaáš
ga”; mivel nem lÊtezik a vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga belÃŧl, megÊrti:
“bennem nincs vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a
felemelhetetlen vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga; megÊrti, hogy a felmerÃŧlt vÄĢriya
sambojjhaáš
ga hogyan fejlÃĩdik tÃļkÊletesen.
Mivel a pÄĢti
sambojjhaáš
ga jelen van benned, megÊrti: “bennem van a pÄĢti
sambojjhaáš
ga”; mivel nem lÊtezik a pÄĢti sambojjha withinga belÃŧl,
megÊrti: “bennem nincs pÄĢti sambojjhaáš
ga”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn
lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli pÄĢti sambojjhaáš
ga; megÊrti, hogy a felmerÃŧlt
pÄĢti sambojjhaáš
ga mikÊnt fejlÅdik tÃļkÊletesen.
Mivel a passaddhi
sambojjhaáš
ga jelen van benned, megÊrti: “bennem van a passaddhi
sambojjhaáš
ga”; mivel nincs jelen a passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga belÃŧl,
megÊrti: “nincs bennem passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn
lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga; megÊrti, hogy a
felmerÃŧlt passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga mikÊnt fejlÅdik tÃļkÊletesen.
Mivel a szamÄdhi szambojjhaáš
ga jelen van bennÃŧnk, megÊrti: “bennem van a
szamÄdhi szambojjhaáš
ga”; mivel nincs jelen a samÄdhi sambojjhaáš
ga
belÃŧl, megÊrti: “nincs bennem samÄdhi sambojjha samga”; megÊrti, hogy
mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli samÄdhi sambojjhaáš
ga; megÊrti,
hogy a felmerÃŧlt szamÄdhi szambojjhaáš
ga mikÊnt fejlÅdik tÃļkÊletesen.
Mivel jelen van a upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga, megÊrti: “bennem van a upekkhÄ
sambojjhaáš
ga”; mivel nem lÊtezik a upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga belÃŧl, megÊrti:
“bennem nincs upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a
feltÃĄmadt upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga; megÊrti, hogy a felmerÃŧlt upekkhÄ
sambojjhaáš
ga mikÊnt fejlÅdik tÃļkÊletesen.
Ãgy a dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl a dhammÃĄkon belÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas
dhammas megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kÃvÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik; a dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a dhammas jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļnve:] “ezek dhamÃĄk!” A sati jelen van benne,
csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl,
Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. Ãgy a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a
dhammas dÃĄmÃĄkban figyeli a dÊmasokat, hivatkozva a hÊt bojjhaáš
ga-ra.
Itt a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, ahol uddhacca-kukkucca jelen van, megÊrti:
“bennem van uddhacca-kukkucca”; mivel nem lÊtezik uddhacca-kukkucca
belÃŧl, megÊrti: “bennem nincs uddhacca-kukkucca”; megÊrti, hogyan jÃļn
lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli uddhacca-kukkucca; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt
hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt uddhacca-kukkucca-t; Ês megÊrti, hogy az
elhagyott uddhacca-kukkucca hogyan jÃļhet lÊtre a jÃļvÅben.
Itt a
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, ahol vicikicchÄ jelen van, megÊrti: “bennem van
vicikicchÄ”; mivel nem lÊtezik vicikicchÄ belÃŧl, megÊrti: “bennem nincs
vicikicchÄ”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt alakul ki a feltÃĄratlan vicikicchÄ;
megÊrti, hogyan hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt vicikicchÃĄt; Ês megÊrti, hogy az
elhagyott vicikicchÄ hogyan jÃļhet lÊtre a jÃļvÅben.
Ãgy a dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl a dhammÃĄkon belÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas
dhammas megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kÃvÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik; a dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a dhammas jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļnve:] “ezek dhamÃĄk!” A sati jelen van benne,
csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl,
Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. Ãgy a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a
dhammas megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, az Ãļt nÄĢvaraášÃĄra hivatkozva.
B. A Khandhas szekciÃŗ
Ãs emellett bhikkhus, a bhikkhu lakik, hogy megfigyelje a dhammasokat
dhammÃĄkban, az Ãļt khandha vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban. Ãs emellett, bhikkhus, hogyan
Êl egy bhikkhu, aki megfigyeli a dhammasokat dhammÃĄkban az Ãļt khandha
vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban?
Itt, bhikkhus, bhikkhu [megkÃŧlÃļnbÃļzteti]: “ilyen a
rÅĢpa, ilyen a rÅĢpa samudaya, ilyen a rÅĢpa eltÅąnÊse; ilyen a vedanÄ,
ilyen a vedanÄ samudaya, ilyen a vedanÄ eltÅąnÊse; ilyen saÃąÃąÄ, ilyen a
saÃąÃąa samudaya, ilyen a saÃąÃąÄ elmÃēlÃĄsa; ilyen a saáš
khÄra, ilyen a
saáš
khÄra samudaya, ilyen a saáš
khÄra elmÃēlÃĄsa; ilyen a viÃąÃąÄáša, ilyen a
viÃąÃąÄáša samudaya, ilyen a viÃąÃąÄáša eltÅąnÊse “.
Ãgy a dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl a dhammÃĄkon belÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas
dhammas megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kÃvÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik; a dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a dhammas jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļnve:] “ezek dhamÃĄk!” A sati jelen van benne,
csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl,
Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. Ãgy, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a
dhammas megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, az Ãļt khandha vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban.
C. Az ÊrzÊkelÊsi szfÊrÃĄkrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
Ãs emellett, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a dhammas megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl, a hat
belsŠÊs kÃŧlsÅ ÄyatÃĄnÃĄra hivatkozva. Ãs emellett, bhikkhus, hogyan Êl
egy bhikkhu a dhammÃĄk megfigyelÊsÊvel a dhammÃĄkban, a hat belsŠÊs kÃŧlsÅ
ÄyatÃĄnÃĄra hivatkozva?
Itt, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu megÊrti a
cakkhut, megÊrti a rÅĢpot, megÊrti a szášyojanÃĄt, amely e kettÅ miatt
felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a felemeltelendÅ saášyojana,
megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt saášyojanÃĄt, Ês megÊrti, hogy
az elhagyott saášyojana a jÃļvÅben nem merÃŧl fel.
MegÊrti a
sota-t, Êrti a szaddat, megÊrti a szášyojanÃĄt, amely e kettÅ miatt
felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli szášyojana,
megÊrti, hogyan hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt saášyojanÃĄt, Ês megÊrti, hogy az
elhagyott saášyojana mikÊnt nem merÃŧl fel. a jÃļvÅben.
MegÊrti a
ghÃĄnÃĄt, megÊrti a gandhÃĄt, megÊrti a saášyojanÃĄt, amely e kettÅ miatt
felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli saášyojana,
megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt saášyojana-t, Ês megÊrti,
hogy az elhagyott saášyojana hogyan jÃļn lÊtre. a jÃļvÅben.
MegÊrti a
dzivhÃĄt, megÊrti a razÃĄt, megÊrti a szacyÃŗnanÃĄt, amely e kettÅ miatt
felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli szášyojana,
megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt saášyojanÃĄt, Ês megÊrti,
hogy az elhagyott saášyojana hogyan jÃļn lÊtre. a jÃļvÅben.
MegÊrti a
kÃĄjÃĄt, megÊrti a fÃŗbabÃĄbÃĄt, megÊrti a szandsyojanÃĄt, amely e kettÅ
miatt felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli
szášyojana, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt szanyjananÃĄt, Ês
megÊrti, hogy az elhagyott szandÅžjana hogyan jÃļn lÊtre. a jÃļvÅben.
E. Az igazsÃĄgokrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
Ãs emellett bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a dhÃĄmÃĄk megfigyelÊsÊnÊl, a nÊgy ariya ¡
szacsÃĄra valÃŗ hivatkozÃĄssal dhammÃĄkban figyel. Ãs emellett, bhikkhus,
hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu a dhammÃĄk megfigyelÊsÊvel dhammÃĄkban a nÊgy ariya ¡
szacsÃĄra hivatkozva?
E1. Dukkhasacca kiÃĄllÃtÃĄsa
Ãs mi,
bhikkhus, a dukkha ariyasacca? JÄti dukkha, az ÃļregedÊs dukkha (a
betegsÊg dukkha) maraáša dukkha, bÃĄnat, siralom, dukkha, domanassa Ês
szorongÃĄs dukkha, tÃĄrsulÃĄs azzal, amit nem szeretsz, dukkha,
disszociÃĄciÃŗ attÃŗl, amit szeretett, a dukkha, nem pedig az, amit akar.
dukkha; RÃļviden: az Ãļt upÄdÄna ¡ k ¡ khandha dukkha.
Ãs mi,
bhikkhus, jÄti? A kÃŧlÃļnbÃļzÅ lÊnyek kÃŧlÃļnbÃļzÅ lÊnyei szÃĄmÃĄra: jÄti, a
szÃŧletÊs, a mÊhbe ereszkedÊs, a felmerÃŧlÅ [vilÃĄg], a khandhas
megjelenÊse, megjelenÊse, az ÄyatanÃĄk megszerzÊse. Ezt a bhikkhus-t
nevezzÃŧk.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a jarÄ? A lÊnyek kÃŧlÃļnfÊle lÊnyei
szÃĄmÃĄra a jarÄ, a pusztulÃĄs, a fogak ÃļsszetÃļrÊse, a szÃŧrke haja, a
rÃĄncosodÃĄs, az ÊleterÅ romlÃĄsa, az indiÃĄdok pusztulÃĄsa: ez, bhikkhus,
jarÄ-nak hÃvjÃĄk.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a maraáša? A lÊnyek kÃŧlÃļnbÃļzÅ
osztÃĄlyaiban ÊlÅ lÊnyek szÃĄmÃĄra az elhalÃĄs, a [lÊtezÊsbÅl valÃŗ]
eltolÃŗdÃĄs ÃĄllapota, felbomlÃĄs, eltÅąnÊs, halÃĄl, maraáša, elhunyt, a
khandhÃĄk felbomlÃĄsa, lerakÃĄsa a holttest: ezt a bhikkhus-ot maraášÃĄnak
hÃvjÃĄk.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a bÃĄnat? Az egyikben a bhikkhus
kÃŧlÃļnfÊle tÃpusÃē szerencsÊtlensÊgekhez kapcsolÃŗdik, amelyeket kÃŧlÃļnfÊle
dukkha dhamma, a bÃĄnat, a gyÃĄsz, a gyÃĄszÃĄllapot, a belsÅ bÃĄnat, a belsÅ
nagy bÃĄnat Êrint: ezt a bhikkhus-t bÃĄnatnak hÃvjÃĄk.
Ãs mi,
bhikkhus, a sÃrÃĄs? Az egyikben a bhikkhus kÃŧlÃļnfÊle tÃpusÃē
szerencsÊtlensÊgekhez kapcsolÃŗdik, amelyeket kÃŧlÃļnfÊle dukkha dhammÃĄk,
sÃrÃĄsok, siratÃĄsok, sÃrÃĄs, siratÃĄs, sÃrÃĄsÃĄllapot, siralom ÃĄllapota
Êrint: ezt a bhikkhus-t nevezzÃŧk.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a dukkha?
BÃĄrmi legyen is, bhikkhus, testi dukkha, testi kellemetlensÊg, testi
kapcsolat ÃĄltal keltett dukkha, kellemetlen vedayitas: ezt a bhikkhus-t
dukkha-nak hÃvjÃĄk.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a domanassa? BÃĄrmi legyen is,
bhikkhus, mentÃĄlis dukkha, mentÃĄlis kellemetlensÊg, dukkha, amelyet
mentÃĄlis kapcsolat okoz, kellemetlen vedayitas: ezt a bhikkhus-t
domanassa-nak hÃvjÃĄk.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a kÊtsÊgbeesÊs? Az
egyikben a bhikkhus kÃŧlÃļnfÊle tÃpusÃē szerencsÊtlensÊgekhez kapcsolÃŗdik,
amelyeket kÃŧlÃļnfÊle dukkha dhammasok, a baj, a kÊtsÊgbeesÊs, a bajba
jutott ÃĄllapot, a kÊtsÊgbeesÊs ÃĄllapota Êrint: ezt a bhikkhus-t
kÊtsÊgbeesÊsnek hÃvjÃĄk.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a dukkha, ha
kapcsolatban ÃĄll azzal, ami nem elfogadhatÃŗ? Ami a formÃĄkat, hangokat,
Ãzeket, szagokat, testi jelensÊgeket Ês mentÃĄlis jelensÊgeket illeti,
ezek nem tetszetÃĩsek, nem Êlvezetesek, kellemetlenek, mÃĄskÃŧlÃļnben azok,
akik hÃĄtrÃĄnyt akarnak, azok, akik vesztesÊget akarnak, azok, akik
kellemetlensÊget akarnak, akik vÃĄgyakoznak arra, hogy megszabaduljanak a
kÃļtÅdÊstÅl, talÃĄlkozÃĄstÃŗl, tÃĄrsulÃĄstÃŗl, egyÃŧttlÊtÊtÅl Ês
talÃĄlkozÃĄsuktÃŗl: ezt a bhikkhus-t nevezzÃŧk annak, hogy
ÃļsszekapcsolÃŗdjunk azzal, ami nem ÊrthetÅ.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, mi a
dukkha elvÃĄlasztÃĄsa attÃŗl, ami elfogadhatÃŗ? Ami a formÃĄkat, a hangokat,
az Ãzeket, a szagokat, a testi jelensÊgeket Ês a mentÃĄlis jelensÊgeket
illeti, azok vannak kellemes, Êlvezetes, kellemes, vagy egyÊbkÊnt azok,
akik valamelyik elÅnyre vÃĄgynak, azok, akik valaki javÃĄra vÃĄgynak, azok,
akik kÊnyelmet akarnak, azok, akik vÃĄgyakozzanak arra, hogy
megszabaduljanak a kÃļtÅdÊsbÅl, ne talÃĄlkozzanak, ne csatlakozzanak
egymÃĄshoz, ne legyenek egyÃŧtt, Ês ne talÃĄlkozzanak velÃŧk: ezt,
bhikkhus-t nevezzÃŧk dukkhÃĄnak, ha elvÃĄlik attÃŗl, ami elfogadhatÃŗ.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, az a dukkha, hogy nem kapja meg azt, amit akar? A
lÊnyekben a bhikkhusnak, a szÃŧletÊsi tulajdonsÃĄggal rendelkezÅ, ilyen
kÃvÃĄnsÃĄg merÃŧl fel: “Ã, valÃŗban, lehet, hogy nincsen jÄti szÃĄmunkra, Ês
valÃŗban, ha nem jÃļnnek a jÄti”. De ezt nem kÃvÃĄnÃĄssal lehet elÊrni. Ez
az a dukkha, hogy nem kapjuk meg azt, amit akar.
A lÊnyekben a
bhikkhus, az ÃļregedÊsre jellemzÅ tulajdonsÃĄggal felmerÃŧl egy ilyen
kÃvÃĄnsÃĄg: “Ã, valÃŗban, lehet, hogy nincs jarÄ nekÃŧnk, Ês valÃŗban, ha nem
jÃļnÃŧnk a jarÄba.” De ezt nem kÃvÃĄnÃĄssal lehet elÊrni. Ez az a dukkha,
hogy nem kapjuk meg azt, amit akar.
A lÊnyekben a bhikkhus,
amelynek a betegsÊgre jellemzÅ tulajdonsÃĄga, felmerÃŧl egy ilyen
kÃvÃĄnsÃĄg: “Ã, valÃŗban, nem lehet betegsÊg szÃĄmunkra, Ês valÃŗban, ha nem
jÃĄrunk betegsÊggel.” De ezt nem akarjuk elÊrni. Ez az a dukkha, hogy nem
kapjuk meg azt, amit akar.
A lÊnyekben a bhikkhus, az ÃļregedÊs
jellemzÅjÊvel, felmerÃŧl egy ilyen kÃvÃĄnsÃĄg: “Ã, valÃŗban, lehet, hogy
nincsenÃŧnk maraáša szÃĄmunkra, Ês valÃŗban, ha nem jÃļnÃŧnk maraášÃĄhoz.” De
ezt nem kÃvÃĄnÃĄssal lehet elÊrni. Ez az a dukkha, hogy nem kapjuk meg
azt, amit akar.
A bhikkhus lÊnyekben a bÃĄnatra, a siralomra, a
dukkhara, a domanasszÃĄra Ês a szorongÃĄsra jellemzÅ ilyen vÃĄgy felmerÃŧl:
“Ã, valÃŗban nem lehetnek nekÃŧnk szomorÃēsÃĄg, siralom, dukkha, domanassa
Ês szorongÃĄs, Ês valÃŗban, ha nem bÃĄnat, siralom, dukkha, domanassa Ês
szorongÃĄs. ” De ezt nem kÃvÃĄnÃĄssal lehet elÊrni. Ez az a dukkha, hogy
nem kapjuk meg azt, amit akar.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, rÃļviden az Ãļt
upÄdÄnakkhandha? Ezek a kÃļvetkezÅk: a rÅĢpa upÄdÄnakkhandha, a vedanÄ
upÄdÄnakkhandha, a saÃąÃąÄ upÄdÄnakkhandha, a saáš
khÄra upÄdÄnakkhandha, a
viÃąÃąÄáša upÄdÄnakkhandha. Ezeket rÃļviden, bhikkhus-nak hÃvjÃĄk, az Ãļt
upÄdÄnakkhandhas.
Ezt hÃvjÃĄk, bhikkhus, dukkha ariyasacca
E2. Samudayasacca kiÃĄllÃtÃĄsa
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Ez a taášhÄ vezet az
ÃējjÃĄszÃŧletÊshez, kapcsolÃŗdva a vÃĄgyhoz Ês az Êlvezethez, Ês ÃļrÃļmÃļt
talÃĄlva itt vagy ott, azaz: kÄma-taášhÄ, bhava-taášhÄ ÃŠs vibhava-taášhÄ. De
ez a taášhÄ, bhikkhus, amikor felmerÃŧl, hol merÃŧl fel, Ês mikor
telepedik le, hol rendezi? Ebben a vilÃĄgban, amely kellemesnek Ês
kellemesnek tÅąnik, ott jÃļn lÊtre a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, ahol
letelepedik.
Ãs mi a kellemes Ês kellemes a vilÃĄgon? A szem a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A fÃŧl a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor leÃŧlepedik. Az orr a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leÃŧl. A nyelv a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leÃŧl. A kÃĄja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor letelepÃŧl. A mana a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl.
A lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄk a vilÃĄgon kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a taášha,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A
vilÃĄg hangjai kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl,
felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik. A illatok kellemesek Ês
kellemesek a vilÃĄgban, ott a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott,
amikor letelepedik, letelepedik. Az Ãzek a vilÃĄgon kellemesek Ês
kellemesek, ott a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
letelepedik, letelepedik. A testi jelensÊgek kellemesek Ês kellemesek a
vilÃĄgon, ott a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor leteleped. A vilÃĄgban a dhammÃĄk kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a
taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik.
A szem-viÃąÃąÄa a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A fÃŧl-viÃąÃąÄa
a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. Az orr-viÃąÃąÄáša a vilÃĄgban
kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott,
amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A nyelv-viÃąÃąáša a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor letelepÃŧl. A vilÃĄgban a kÃĄya-viÃąÃąÄáša kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, elhelyezi. A
Mana-viÃąÃąÄáša a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, elhelyezi.
A
szem-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A
fÃŧl-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. Az
orr-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A
nyelv-samphassa a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A
KÄya-samphassa a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A
Mana-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl.
A
szem-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanÄ a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
letelepedik. A fÃŧl-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanÄ kellemes Ês kellemes, a
taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, akkor felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor telepedik le,
telepedik le. Az orr-samphassÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanÄ a vilÃĄgban kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, akkor felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
telepedik le, telepedik le. A nyelv-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanÃĄ a
vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepedik. A vilÃĄgban a
kÄya-samphassa-ban szÃŧletett vedanÄ kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepÃŧl, letelepedik. A
mana-samphassa-ban szÃŧletett vedanÄ a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott
a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik,
letelepedik.
A vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄinak saÃąÃąÄ kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor letelepÃŧl. A vilÃĄg hangjainak saÃąÃąÄ kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
letelepÃŧl. A szagok saÃąÃąÄ a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, leÃŧlepedik. Az Ãzek
saÃąÃąÄ a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl,
felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, elrendez. A testi jelensÊgek saÃąÃąÄ a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik. A Dhammas saÃąÃąÄ a vilÃĄgon kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl.
A vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄival
[kapcsolatos] szÃĄndÊk kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taášhÄ, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A vilÃĄg
hangjaihoz kapcsolÃŗdÃŗ (szÃĄndÊkos) szÃĄndÊk kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a
taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
leteleped. A szagok [kapcsolÃŗdÃŗ] szÃĄndÊka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, akkor merÃŧl fel, ott, amikor
leteleped, akkor leteleped. A vilÃĄgban az ÃzlÊshez kapcsolÃŗdÃŗ szÃĄndÊk
kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott,
amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A vilÃĄgon a testi jelensÊgekkel
kapcsolatos szÃĄndÊk kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taášhÄ, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A dhammÃĄkkal
kapcsolatos szÃĄndÊk a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taášhÄ,
amikor felmerÃŧl, akkor merÃŧl fel, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
leteleped.
A ta visiblehÄ a vilÃĄgban lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄkhoz kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
leteleped, akkor letelepedik. A hangok taášhÄ a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott amikor a taášhÄ felmerÃŧl, akkor felmerÃŧl, ott pedig
letelepedik. A taášhÄ a szagok szÃĄmÃĄra a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
leÃŧlepedik. A taášhÄ az Ãzekre a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik. A
taášhÄ a testi jelensÊgekre a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a
taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik. A
tahhÃĄk a dhammÃĄk szÃĄmÃĄra a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik.
A
lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄk vitaka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A
hangok vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leÃŧl. A szagok vitakka a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor letelepedik, leÃŧlepedik. Az Ãzek vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
letelepedik, letelepedik. A testi jelensÊgek vitaka a vilÃĄgon kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
letelepedik, letelepedik. A dhammÃĄk vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor letelepÃŧl.
A vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄinak vikÃĄrÃĄja kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor letelepÃŧl. A hangok vicÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott
a taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
letelepÃŧl. A szagok vikÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
leÃŧlepedik. Az Ãzek vicÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
leteleped. A testi jelensÊgek vikÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taášhÄ, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
letelepÃŧl. A vilÃĄgban a dhammÃĄk vikÃĄrÃĄja kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
letelepÃŧl. Ezt hÃvjÃĄk, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ samudaya ariyasacca.
E3. Nirodhasacca kiÃĄllÃtÃĄsa
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Ez a taášhÄ vezet az
ÃējjÃĄszÃŧletÊshez, kapcsolÃŗdva a vÃĄgyhoz Ês az Êlvezethez, Ês ÃļrÃļmÃļt
talÃĄlva itt vagy ott, azaz: kÄma-taášhÄ, bhava-taášhÄ ÃŠs vibhava-taášhÄ. De
ez a taášhÄ, bhikkhus, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, hol hagyjÃĄk el, Ês amikor
megszÅąnik, hol szÅąnik meg? Ebben a vilÃĄgban, amely kellemesnek Ês
kellemesnek tÅąnik, ott hagyjÃĄk el a taášhÃĄt, ahol megszÅąnik, amikor
megszÅąnik.
Ãs mi a kellemes Ês kellemes a vilÃĄgon? A szem a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja,
ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A fÃŧl a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. Az orr a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A nyelv a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk,
ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgban a kÃĄya kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Mana a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha,
amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.
A
vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄi kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a taášha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄg hangjai
kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A illatok kellemesek Ês kellemesek a
vilÃĄgon, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az Ãzek a vilÃĄgon kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a
taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
testi jelensÊgek a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgban a
dhammÃĄk kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk,
elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.
A eye-viÃąÃąÄa a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk,
ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A fÃŧl-viÃąÃąÄa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az orr-viÃąÃąÄáša a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A nyelv-viÃąÃąÄa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ,
amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
vilÃĄgban a kÃĄya-viÃąÃąÄ pleasanta kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ,
amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
Mana-viÃąÃąÄáša a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.
A
szem-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A fÃŧl-samphassa a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja,
ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az orr-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A nyelv-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgban a KÄya-samphassa kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
Mana-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.
A
szem-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanÄ a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
fÃŧl-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanÄ a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az
orr-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanÄ a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
nyelv-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanÃĄ a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
vilÃĄgban a kÃĄja-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanÄ kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
mana-samphassa-ban szÃŧletett vedanÄ a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott
a taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.
A vilÃĄgban lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄk saÃąÃąÄ kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha,
amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄg
hangjainak saÃąÃąÄ kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk,
elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A szagok saÃąÃąÄ a vilÃĄgon
kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az Ãzek szanja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A testi jelensÊgek szanja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A Dhammas saÃąÃąÄ a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik.
A vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄival [kapcsolatos] szÃĄndÊk
kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄg hangjaihoz kapcsolÃŗdÃŗ szÃĄndÊk
kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A szagok [kapcsolatos] szÃĄndÊka a vilÃĄgon
kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgban az ÃzlÊshez kapcsolÃŗdÃŗ szÃĄndÊk
kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgon a testi jelensÊgekkel kapcsolatos
szÃĄndÊk kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk,
elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgban a dhammÃĄkkal
kapcsolatos szÃĄndÊk kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taášha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.
A ta
visiblehÄ a vilÃĄgon lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄk szÃĄmÃĄra kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
vilÃĄg hangjaihoz tartozÃŗ taášhÄ kellemes Ês kellemes, a taášhÄ, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A szagok taášhÄ-ja
kellemes Ês kellemes, a taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A taášhÄ az Ãzekre a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A test jelensÊgeinek taášhÄ a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A tahhÃĄ a dhammÃĄk szÃĄmÃĄra a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik.
A lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄk vitaka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A hangok vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A szagok vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha,
amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az Ãzek
vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk,
elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A testi jelensÊgek vitakÃĄja a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja,
ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A dhammas vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taášhÄ, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.
A vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄinak vikÃĄrÃĄja kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A hangok vicÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A szagok vikÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az
Ãzek vicÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A testi
jelensÊgek vikÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A dhammas
vikÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taášha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk,
elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Ezt hÃvjÃĄk, bhikkhus, a
dukkha ¡ nirodha ariyasacca.
E4. Maggasacca kiÃĄllÃtÃĄsa
Ãs
mi, bhikkhus, a dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gÄminÄĢ paášipadÄ ariyasacca? Ãppen ez
az ariya aášášhaáš
gika magga, azaz sammÄdiášášhi, sammÄsaáš
kappo, sammÄvÄcÄ,
sammÄkammanto, sammÄ-ÄjÄĢvo, sammÄvÄyÄmo, sammÄsati Ês sammÄsamÄdhi.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a sammÄdiášášhi? Ez a bhikkhus, amely a dukkha ÃąÄáša, a
dukkha-samudaya ÃąÄáša, a dukkha-nirodha ÃąÄáša Ês a dukkha-nirodha-gÄmini
paášipada ÃąÄáša, azaz bhikkhus, sammÄdiášášhi.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a
sammÄsaáš
kappÃĄk? A bhikkhusokat, amelyek a nekkhamma saáš
kappas, az
abyÄpÄda saáš
kappas, az avihiášsÄ saáš
kappas, ezeket bhikkhus,
sammÄsaáš
kappasnak hÃvjÃĄk.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a sammÄvÄcÄ? Ez a
bhikkhus, amely tartÃŗzkodik a musÄvÄdÄ, tartÃŗzkodik a pisuáša vÄcÄ-tÃŗl,
tartÃŗzkodik a pharusa vÄcÄ-tÃŗl, Ês tartÃŗzkodik a samphappalÄpa-tÃŗl, az
Ãēgynevezett bhikkhus, sammÄvÄcÄ.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a
sammÄ-kammanta? Ez, bhikkhus, amely tartÃŗzkodik a pÄášÄtipÄta-tÃŗl,
tartÃŗzkodik adinnÄdÄnÃĄtÃŗl, tartÃŗzkodik abrahmacariya-tÃŗl, azaz bhikkhus,
sammÄ-kammanta.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a sammÄ-ÄjÄĢva? Itt a bhikkhus,
egy nemes tanÃtvÃĄny, aki elhagyta a helytelen megÊlhetÊst, megfelelÅ
megÊlhetÊsi eszkÃļzÃļkkel tÃĄmogatja ÊletÊt, azaz bhikkhus, sammÄ-ÄjÄĢva.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a sammÄvÄyÄma? Itt, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu generÃĄlja
chandajÃĄt a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli pÄpaka Ês akusala dhammasok nem
felmerÃŧlÊsÊre, gyakorolja magÃĄt, viriya felkeltÊsÊt, erÅteljesen
alkalmazza citÊtÃĄjÃĄt Ês tÃļrekszik; generÃĄlja chandajÃĄt a felbukkanÃŗ
pÄpaka Ês az akusala dhamma elhagyÃĄsÃĄra, gyakorolja magÃĄt, viriya
felkelt, erÅteljesen alkalmazza citÊtÃĄjÃĄt Ês tÃļrekszik; generÃĄlja
chandajÃĄt a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli kusala dhammasok kialakulÃĄsÃĄra,
gyakorolja magÃĄt, viriyÃĄjÃĄt felkelt, erÅteljesen alkalmazza citÊtjÃĄt Ês
tÃļrekszik; generÃĄlja chandajÃĄt a felmerÃŧlt kusala dhammÃĄk kitartÃĄsÃĄÃŠrt,
az ÃļsszetÊvesztÊs hiÃĄnyÃĄÃŠrt, nÃļvekedÊsÊÊrt, fejlÅdÊsÊÊrt, ÃĄpolÃĄsÃĄÃŠrt Ês
befejezÊsÊÊrt, kihÃēzza magÃĄt, viriyÃĄjÃĄt felÊbreszti, erÅsen alkalmazza
citÊtjÃĄt Ês tÃļrekszik. Ezt hÃvjÃĄk, bhikkhus, sammÄvÄyÄma.
Mi az,
bhikkhus, a sammÄsati? Itt, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu Ãēgy nÊz ki, mint a kÃĄja,
kÄjÄ, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, miutÃĄn abhijjhÄ-domanassa feladta a
vilÃĄgot. Megfigyeli a vedanÃĄt vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, Ês
abhijjhÄ-domanassa feladta a vilÃĄgot. A citta megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik,
ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, amikor abhijjhÄ-domanassa feladta a vilÃĄgot. A
dhamma megfigyelÊsÊvel lakozik dhamma ¡ s, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, Ês
abhijjhÄ-domanassa feladta a vilÃĄgot. Ezt hÃvjÃĄk, bhikkhus, sammÄsati.
Ãs mi, bhikkhus, a sammÄsamÄdhi? Itt bhikkhus, egy bhikkhu, levÃĄlasztva
a kÄmÃĄtÃŗl, levÃĄlasztÃŗdik az akusala dhammÃĄktÃŗl, miutÃĄn belÊpett az elsÅ
jhÃĄnÃĄba, ott marad, vitakka Ês vicÄra, piti Ês sukha kÃļtÊsbÅl
szÃŧletett. A vitakka-vicÄra csendjÊvel, miutÃĄn belÊpett a mÃĄsodik
jhÃĄnÃĄba, belsÅ tanquilizÃĄciÃŗval, a citta egyesÃtÊsÊvel, vitakka Ês
vicÄra nÊlkÃŧl, a samÄdhi-bÃŗl szÃŧletett pÄĢti Ês sukha-val maradt fenn. A
pÄĢti irÃĄnti kÃļzÃļmbÃļssÊggel pedig a upekkha, a sato Ês a sampajÄno
tartÃŗzkodik, Ês a kÃĄjÄban megtapasztalja a szukÃĄt, amelyet az ariyÃĄk
leÃrnak: âaki egyetÊrtŠÊs lelkileg ebben a szukÃĄban lakozikâ, miutÃĄn
belÊpett a harmadik jhÃĄnÃĄba, megmarad. abban. A Sukha Ês a dukkha,
somanassa Ês domanassa elhagyÃĄsa, amelyek korÃĄbban eltÅąntek, sukha Ês
dukkha nÊlkÃŧl, a upekkha Ês a sati tisztasÃĄgÃĄval, miutÃĄn belÊpett a
negyedik jhÃĄnÃĄba, ott marad. Ezt hÃvjÃĄk, bhikkhus, sammÄsamÄdhi.
Ezt bhikkhusnak hÃvjÃĄk: dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gÄminÄĢ paášipadÄ ariyasacca.
Ãgy a dhammas megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl a dhammÃĄkon belÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a
dhammas dhammas megfigyelÊsen kÃvÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kÃvÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik; a dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a dhammas jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļnve:] “ezek dhamÃĄk!” A sati jelen van benne,
csak a puszta ÃąÄáša Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl,
Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. Ãgy a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a
dhammÃĄk megfigyelÊsÊnÊl, a nÊgy ariya ¡ saccÃĄra hivatkozva.
A SatipaášášhÄnas gyakorlÃĄsÃĄnak elÅnyei
AkÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, hÊt Êven keresztÃŧl gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy
satipaášášhÃĄnt, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt lehet vÃĄrni: vagy a lÃĄtvÃĄnyos
jelensÊgek [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra,
anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve hÊt ÊvrÅl, bhikkhus. BÃĄrki, a
bhikkhus, ezt a nÊgy satipaášášhÃĄna-t hat Êven keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a kÊt
eredmÊny egyikÊre szÃĄmÃthat: vagy a [tÃļkÊletes] ismeretekre a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve hat ÊvrÅl, bhikkhus. Aki a bhikkhus Ãļt Êvig gyakorolja
ezt a nÊgy satipaášášhÄnt, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt lehet vÃĄrni: vagy a
lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgek [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs
balra, anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve Ãļt ÊvrÅl, bhikkhus. AkÃĄrki, a
bhikkhus, nÊgy Êven keresztÃŧl gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaášášhÃĄnt, a kÊt
eredmÊny egyikÊt lehet vÃĄrni: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve nÊgy ÊvrÅl, bhikkhus. BÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, ezt a nÊgy
satipaÄhannÃĄt hÃĄrom Êven keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊre
szÃĄmÃthat: vagy a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgek [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete, vagy ha van
valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve hÃĄrom ÊvrÅl,
bhikkhus. BÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, ezt a nÊgy satipaÄhannÃĄt kÊt Êven
keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgek [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra,
anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve kÊt ÊvrÅl, bhikkhus. AkÃĄrki, a
bhikkhus, gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy szatpapahhÃĄnt egy Êven keresztÃŧl, a kÊt
eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve egy ÊvrÅl, bhikkhus. Aki a bhikkhus hÊt hÃŗnapon
keresztÃŧl gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaášášhÃĄnt, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt
lehet vÃĄrni: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben, vagy ha
van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve hÊt
hÃŗnaprÃŗl, bhikkhus. Aki a bhikkhus ezt a nÊgy szatpapahhÃĄnt gyakorolja
hat hÃŗnapon keresztÃŧl, a kÊt eredmÊny kÃļzÃŧl az egyik vÃĄrhatÃŗ: vagy
[tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen
tapadÃĄs balra, anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve hat hÃŗnaprÃŗl, bhikkhus.
AkÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaášášhÃĄnt Ãļt hÃŗnapon
keresztÃŧl, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a
lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve Ãļt hÃŗnaprÃŗl, bhikkhus. AkÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, nÊgy hÃŗnapon
keresztÃŧl gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaášášhÃĄnt, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt
lehet vÃĄrni: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben, vagy ha
van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anÄgÄmita.
Ne hagyva, nÊgy hÃŗnap,
bhikkhus. BÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, ezt a nÊgy satipaÄhannÃĄt hÃĄrom hÃŗnapon
keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgek [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra,
anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve hÃĄrom hÃŗnaprÃŗl, bhikkhus. BÃĄrki, a
bhikkhus, ezt a nÊgy satipaÄhÃĄna-t kÊt hÃŗnapon keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a
kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve, kÊt hÃŗnap, bhikkhus. Aki a bhikkhus ezt a nÊgy
szatpapahhÃĄnt egy hÃŗnapon keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt
vÃĄrhatja: vagy a lÃĄtvÃĄnyos jelensÊgek tÃļkÊletes ismerete, vagy ha van
valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anÄgÄmita.
Ne hagyva egy hÃŗnapot,
bhikkhus. AkÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaášášhannÃĄt fÊl
hÃŗnapon keresztÃŧl, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy [tÃļkÊletes]
ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra,
anÄgÄmita.
Nem is beszÊlve fÊl hÃŗnaprÃŗl, bhikkhus. AkÃĄrki, a
bhikkhus, egy hÊten gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaášášhÃĄnt, Ãgy vÃĄrhatÃŗ a
kÊt eredmÊny egyike: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben,
vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anÄgÄmita.
“Ez a bhikkhus
az, ami a lÊnyek megtisztulÃĄsÃĄhoz, a szomorÃēsÃĄg Ês a siralom
legyÅzÊsÊhez, a dukkha-domanassa eltÅąnÊsÊhez, a helyes Ãēt elÊrÊsÊhez, a
NibbÄna megvalÃŗsulÃĄsÃĄhoz vezet, vagyis a lÊnyek megtisztulÃĄsÃĄhoz, a
fÃĄjdalom Ês a siralom legyÅzÊsÊhez, azaz a nÊgy satipaášášhÄnas.â Ãgy
mondtÃĄk, Ês mindezek alapjÃĄn elmondtÃĄk.
Ãgy beszÊlt a BhagavÄ. ÃrÃļmmel fogadta a bhikkhus a BhagavÄ szavait.
84) Classical Sanskrit ā¤āĨ⤞⤏āĨ⤏ā¤ŋā¤ā¤˛āĨ ⤎⤍āĨ⤏āĨā¤āĨ⤰ā¤ŋ⤤āĨ
85) Classical Scots Gaelic-GÃ idhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,
110) Classical Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,



http://www.orgsites.com/oh/
Awakeness Practices
All
84,000 Khandas As Found in the Pali Suttas Traditionally the are 84,000
Dharma Doors - 84,000 ways to get Awakeness. Maybe so; certainly the
Buddha taught a large number of practices that lead to Awakeness. This
web page attempts to catalogue those found in the Pali Suttas (DN, MN,
SN, AN, Ud & Sn 1). There are 3 sections:
The
discourses of Buddha are divided into 84,000, as to separate addresses.
The division includes all that was spoken by Buddha.âI received from
Buddha,â said Ananda, â82,000 Khandas, and from the priests 2000; these
are 84,000 Khandas
maintained by me.â They are divided into 275,250, as to the stanzas of
the original text, and into 361,550, as to the stanzas of the
commentary. All the discourses including both those of Buddha and those
of the commentator, are divided into 2,547 banawaras, containing
737,000 stanzas, and 29,368,000 separate letters.
Positive Buddha Vacana â The words of the Buddha â Interested in All
Suttas of Tipitaka as Episodes in visual format including 7D laser
Hologram 360 degree Circarama presentation
from
Please Visit: http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
for
Maha-parinibbana Sutta â Last Days of the Buddha
The Great Discourse on the Total Unbinding
This wide-ranging sutta, the
longest one in the Pali canon, describes the events leading up to,
during, and immediately following the death and final release
(parinibbana) of the Buddha. This colorful narrative contains a wealth
of Dhamma teachings, including the Buddhaâs final instructions that
defined how Buddhism would be lived and practiced long after the
Buddhaâs death â even to this day. But this sutta also depicts, in
simple language, the poignant human drama that unfolds among
the Buddhaâs many devoted followers around the time of the death of their beloved teacher.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
for
MahÄsatipaášášhÄnasuttaáš (Pali) - 2 KÄyÄnupassanÄ ÄnÄpÄnapabbaáš
http://www.buddha-vacana.org/
Use
http://www.translate.google.
Rector
JC
an expert who identifies experts influenced by Expert and Infulencer Sashikanth Chandrasekharan
of
Free Online Awaken One With Awareness Mind (A1wAM)+ ioT (insight-net of Things) - the art of Giving, taking and Living to attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal through Electronic Visual Communication Course on
Political
Science-Techno-Politico-Socio Transformation and Economic Emancipation
Movement (TPSTEEM). Struggle hard to see that all fraud EVMs are
replaced by paper ballots by Start using Internet of things by creating
Websites,blogs. Make the best use of facebook, twitter etc., to
propagate TPSTEEMthru FOA1TRPUVF.
Practice Insight Meditation in all postures of the body - Sitting, standing, lying, walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, martial arts etc., for health mind in a healthy body.

buddhasaid2us@gmail.com,








.
LESSON 3288 Fri 28 Feb 2020
from
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered âMain Bharat Baudhmay karunga.â (I will make India Buddhist)
MahÄsatipaášášhÄna Sutta - Koom nrog paub - nrog cov duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Buddha Buddha Classic Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqD1-Xi1ioA
Mahasatipatthana Sutta
(9d Yogi
843 tus neeg yuav khoom
Hu nkauj ntawm MahÄsatipaášášhÄna Sutta,
Qeb
Tsis Yog Haujlwm & Kev Nqes Tes Ua
Ntawv Tso Cai
Daim Ntawv Tso Cai Muab Kev Sib Koom (Attons Attribution)
Tau qhov twg los cov yeeb yaj kiab
Saib cov ntaus nqi
MahÄsatipaášášhÄna Sutta - Koom nrog paub txog-hauv, 29) Lus Askiv Qib, Roman,
Sutta qhov no yog dav xav tias yog qhov siv rau kev xyaum ua.
Taw qhia
I. Kev Soj Ntsuam ntawm KÄya
A. Ntu nyob rau ÄnÄpÄna
B. Ntu ntawm kev nyob ua haujlwm
C. Ntu ntawm sampajaÃąÃąa
D. Seem ntawm kev qias
E. Ntu Ntawm Cov Ntsiab Lus
F. Tshooj ntawm cuaj lub thaj av roj av
II. Soj ntsuam ntawm VedanÄ
III. Kev Soj Ntsuam ntawm Citta
IV. Soj ntsuam ntawm Dhammas
A. Tshooj ntawm N thevaraášas
B. Ntu nyob rau Khandhas
C. Ntu nyob rau Qhov Chaw Ntseg
D. Ntu ntawm Bojjhaáš
gas
E. Seem ntawm Qhov Tseeb
E1. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Dukkhasacca
E2. Kev siv ntawm Samudayasacca
E3. Raug ntawm Nirodhasacca
E4. Raug ntawm Maggasacca
Taw qhia
Kuv tau hnov:
Muaj ib lub sijhawm, BhagavÄ tau nyob nrog cov neeg Kurus ntawm
KammÄsadhamma, lub nroog lag luam ntawm Kurus. Nyob ntawd, nws hais cov
lus bhikkhus:
- Bhikkhus.â Bhaddante teb cov bhikkhus. Lub BhagavÄ hais tias:
- Qhov no, bhikkhus, yog txoj kev uas ua rau tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis
huv huv ntawm quavntsej, kov yeej kev quaj ntsuag thiab lamentation, kev
ploj mus ntawm dukkha-domanassa, kev muaj ntawm txoj kev yog, paub txog
NibbÄna, uas yog hais plaub satipaášášhÄnas.
Plaub twg? Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno,
satimÄ, tau muab abhijjhÄ-domanassa rau lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm
vedanÄ hauv vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, tau muab tso tseg
abhijjhÄ-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm citta hauv
citta, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, tau tso tseg abhijjhÄ-domanassa ntawm
lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm dhamma in s hauv dhamma ¡ s, ÄtÄpÄĢ
sampajÄno, satimÄ, tau tso tseg abhijjhÄ-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
I. KÄyÄnupassanÄ
A. Ntu nyob rau ÄnÄpÄna
Thiab yuav ua li cas, bhikkhus, puas yog bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kÄya
hauv kÄya? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, tau mus rau tom hav zoov lossis
tau ploj mus ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tsob ntoo lossis tau ploj mus rau
hauv chav khoob, zaum khoov ntawm ob txhais ceg crosswise, teem kÄya
tsa sawv, thiab teeb tsa sati parimukhaáš. Ua li sato nws nqus pa, ua li
sato nws nqus tawm. Ua pa rau ntev nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa nyob ntev’;
kev ua pa tawm ntev nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa tawm ntev’; ua pa luv nws
nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa luv’; ua pa tawm luv nws to taub: ‘Kuv ua tsis
taus pa tawm luv’; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov ââqhov tseem
kÄya, Kuv yuav ua pa hauv ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov ââtag
nrho kÄya, Kuv yuav ua pa tawm ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub
calming cia lub kÄya-saáš
khÄras, kuv yuav ua pa nyob rau hauv ‘; nws cob
qhia nws tus kheej: lub calming hauv kÄya-saáš
khÄras, kuv yuav ua pa tawm
‘.
Ib yam li, bhikkhus, tus txawj tshaj lij lossis tus tig rau
tes ua haujlwm, ua lub sijhawm ntev, to taub: ‘Kuv ua lub lem ntev’; ua
rau luv tig, nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua luv luv’; tib txoj kev, bhikkhus,
bhikkhu, ua pa ntev, to taub: ‘Kuv ua pa ntev’; kev ua pa tawm ntev nws
nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa tawm ntev’; ua pa luv nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa
luv’; ua pa tawm luv nws to taub: ‘Kuv ua tsis taus pa tawm luv’; nws
cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov ââqhov tseem kÄya, Kuv yuav ua pa hauv
‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov ââtag nrho kÄya, Kuv yuav ua pa
tawm ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub calming cia lub kÄya-saáš
khÄras,
kuv yuav ua pa nyob rau hauv ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub calming
hauv kÄya-saáš
khÄras, kuv yuav ua pa tawm ‘.
Yog li nws nyob tsom
kÄya hauv kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya
sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog KÄya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
B. Ntu ntawm kev nyob ua haujlwm
Ntxiv
mus, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, thaum taug kev, nkag siab: ‘Kuv tabtom
taug kev’, lossis thaum sawv nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv sawv’, lossis thaum
zaum nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv tau zaum’, lossis thaum dag nws nkag siab: ‘
Kuv tau dag ‘. Los yog lwm tus, hauv qhov twg txoj hauj lwm nws kÄya pov
tseg, nws to taub nws kom raug.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kÄya hauv
kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog KÄya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
C. Ntu ntawm sampajaÃąÃąa
Tsis tas li
ntawd, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, thaum mus txog thiab thaum tawm mus, ua
nrog sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum saib tom ntej thiab thaum saib ib puag ncig, nws
ua nrog sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum khoov thiab thaum ncab, nws ua nrog
sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum hnav lub tsho loj thiab sab saud thiab thaum nqa lub
tais, nws ua nrog sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum noj mov, thaum haus, thaum zom,
thaum ua saj, nws ua nrog sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum koom nrog kev lag luam ntawm
kev tso quav thiab tso zis, nws ua nrog sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum taug kev,
thaum sawv, thaum zaum , thaum pw, thaum tsaug zog, thaum hais lus thiab
thaum nyob ntsiag to, nws ua nrog sampajaÃąÃąa.
Yog li nws nyob
tsom kÄya hauv kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kÄya hauv
kÄya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog KÄya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
D. Ntu Txog Kev Hloov Nkag Siab
Tsis
tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu txiav txim siab lub cev no, los
ntawm txhais taw ntawm tus taw nce mus thiab los ntawm cov plaub hau
ntawm lub taub hau cia, uas yog delimited los ntawm nws cov tawv nqaij
thiab tag nrho cov ntau yam tsis huv: “Hauv no kÄya, muaj plaub mos mos
ntawm lub taub hau, plaub hau ntawm lub cev, rau tes, hniav, tawv nqaij,
cev nqaij, nqaij pob txha, pob txha, pob txha pob txha, mob raum,
plawv, siab, pleura, hnoos qeev, ntsws, plab hnyuv, mesentery, plab nrog
nws cov ntawv, quav, plab, phlegm , kua paug, ntshav, tawm hws, rog,
kua muag, roj, kua qaub ncaug, kua ntswg, kua synovial thiab zis. “
Ib yam li yog, bhikkhus, muaj ib lub hnab muaj ob qhov qhib thiab muaj
ntau hom nplej, xws li toj roob hauv pes, nplej, nplej, mung taum,
nyuj-noob taum, noob hnav thiab txhuv husked. Ib tug txiv neej uas muaj
lub qhov muag pom zoo, muaj qhov tsis tau npaj cia, yuav xav txog [nws
cov ntsiab lus]: “Nov yog toj roob hauv pes, cov no yog nplej, cov uas
yog mung taum, cov yog cov noob taum, cov noob hnav yog cov noob hnav
thiab no yog husked nplej;” nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, bhikkhus,
bhikkhu txiav txim siab lub cev no, los ntawm cov taw ntawm ko taw nce
thiab los ntawm cov plaub hau ntawm lub taub hau cia, uas yog delimited
los ntawm nws cov tawv nqaij thiab tag nrho cov ntau yam tsis huv: “Hauv
no kÄya, muaj yog cov plaub hau ntawm lub taub hau, plaub hau ntawm lub
cev, rau tes, hniav, tawv nqaij, nqaij, nqaij, pob txha, pob txha pob
txha, mob raum, mob plawv, siab, pleura, hnoos qeev, mob ntsws, plab
hnyuv, mesentery, plab nrog nws cov ntawv, quav, tso quav, phlegm, pus,
ntshav, tawm hws, rog, kua muag, roj, kua qaub, kua ntswg, kua synovial
thiab zis. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kÄya hauv kÄya ntxiv rau hauv,
lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob
tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam
cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kÄya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj
kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog KÄya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paášissati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
E. Ntu Ntawm Cov Ntsiab Lus
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu xav txog qhov kÄya no, txawm li
cas los nws muab tso, txawm li cas los xij nws tau muab pov tseg raws
li muaj cov ntsiab lus: “Hauv no kÄya, muaj lub ntiaj teb, dej keeb,
hluav taws kub thiab huab cua cua.”
Ib yam li, bhikkhus, tus neeg
txawj txawj lossis tus tua neeg tus tub tua tsiaj, muaj tua tus nyuj,
yuav zaum ntawm kab tshuam kev txiav los ua tej daim; nyob rau hauv tib
txoj kev, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu xav txog qhov kÄya no, txawm li cas los
nws muab tso, txawm li cas los nws muab pov tseg: “Hauv no kÄya, muaj
lub ntiaj teb, dej keeb, hluav taws kub thiab huab cua huab cua.”
Yog li nws nyob tsom kÄya hauv kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells
tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv
kÄya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm
tshwm sim hauv kÄya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov
tshwm sim hauv kÄya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm
qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no
yog KÄya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov
kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov
chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
F. Tshooj ntawm cuaj lub thaj av roj av
(1) Hmoob
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, ib yam li nws tau pom lub cev
tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw muaj pob zeb, ib hnub tuag,
lossis ob hnub tuag lossis peb hnub tuag, o, daj thiab festering, nws
txiav txim siab qhov no kÄya: ” Lub kÄya no kuj yog ntawm qhov xwm
txheej ntawd, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis pub dawb
los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kÄya hauv
kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog KÄya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
(2) Cov (2)
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus,
tus bhikkhu, zoo li yog nws pom lub cev tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv av
qhov txos, raug noj los ntawm dev, raug noj los ntawm hawks, raug noj
los ntawm vultures, raug noj los ntawm herons, raug noj los ntawm dev,
ua noj los ntawm tsov, tau noj los ntawm panthers, raug noj los ntawm
ntau hom quavntsej, nws txiav txim siab qhov k :ya no: “Tus k alsoya no
kuj yog ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav dhau los ua zoo li no, thiab
tsis pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej no. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom
kÄya hauv kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kÄya hauv
kÄya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog KÄya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
(3)
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib
bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv
thaj chaw muaj ntshav, taub-hau uas muaj nqaij thiab ntshav, tuav ua ke
los ntawm tendons, nws suav hais tias qhov no kÄya: “Qhov no kÄya kuj
yog ntawm xws li xwm, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis
pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom
kÄya hauv kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya
sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog KÄya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
(4)
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib
bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv
av uas muaj lub qhov txhab, lub cev pob txha tsis muaj nqaij thiab
smeared nrog ntshav, tuav ua ke los ntawm tendons, nws txiav txim siab
no kÄya: “Qhov no kÄya kuj yog xws li xwm txheej, nws yuav dhau los ua
qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kÄya hauv kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells
tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv
kÄya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm
tshwm sim hauv kÄya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov
tshwm sim hauv kÄya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm
qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no
yog KÄya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov
kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov
chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
(5)
Tsis
tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws pom lub cev tuag,
muab pov tseg rau hauv av charnel, tus nqaj tsis muaj nqaij lossis
ntshav, nyob ua ke los ntawm tendons, nws suav hais tias qhov no kÄya:
“Qhov no kÄya kuj yog ntawm xws li xwm, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li
no, thiab tsis pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “
Yog li
nws nyob tsom kÄya hauv kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm
kÄya hauv kÄya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab
hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim
hauv kÄya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim
hauv kÄya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm
sim hauv kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog
KÄya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg
ntawm mere merea thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw,
thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus,
ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
(6)
Tsis tas li
ntawd, bhikkhus, yog bhikkhu, tib yam li nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab
pov tseg rau hauv av charnel, txiav cov pob txha tawg nyob ntawm no
thiab nyob ntawm no, ntawm no pob txha tes, muaj pob txha ko taw, ntawm
no pob txha pob txha, muaj pob txha shin. , ntawm no lub pob txha ncej
puab, muaj lub ntsag pob txha, ntawm no tus tav, muaj pob txha nraub
qaum, ntawm no tus txha nqaj qaum, muaj caj dab caj dab, ntawm no lub
puab tsaig pob txha, muaj pob txha hniav, lossis muaj pob txha taub hau,
nws txiav txim siab no kÄya. : “Tus kÄya no kuj yog ntawm qhov xwm
txheej ntawd. Nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis yog muaj
kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd.”
Yog li nws nyob
tsom kÄya hauv kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kÄya hauv
kÄya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog KÄya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
(7) Lub hauv paus
Tsis tas li ntawd,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, zoo li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab pov
tseg rau hauv av uas muaj huab cua, cov pob txha nplawm zoo li hiav
txwv, nws txiav txim siab rau kÄya no: “Lub kÄya no kuj yog ntawm qhov
xwm txheej, nws yog mus kom dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis pub
dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kÄya
hauv kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog KÄya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
(8) Cov ntawv
Tsis tas li ntawd,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab
pov tseg rau hauv ib qho chaw muaj mob, nws kho pob txha ntev dua ib
xyoos, nws txiav txim siab rau kÄya no: “Lub kÄya no kuj yog ntawm qhov
xwm txheej, nws yog mus ua zoo li no, thiab yog tsis yog dawb los ntawm
cov mob no. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kÄya hauv kÄya ntxiv rau hauv,
lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob
tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam
cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kÄya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj
kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog KÄya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paášissati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
(9
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, zoo li yog nws pom lub cev
tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv av charnel, lub pob txha lwj ua kom tsawg
rau hmoov, nws txiav txim siab rau k veryya no: “Tus kÄya no kuj yog
ntawm xwm txheej ntawd, nws yog mus ua zoo li no, thiab yog tsis pub
dawb los ntawm tej yam mob no. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kÄya hauv
kÄya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kÄya hauv kÄya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kÄya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kÄya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog KÄya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kÄya hauv kÄya.
II. Soj ntsuam ntawm VedanÄ
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm vedanÄ hauv vedanÄ?
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, ntsib kev sukha vedanÄ, undersands: “Kuv
tau ntsib ib sukha vedanÄ”; muaj kev paub txog dukkha vedanÄ,
undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev paub txog dukkha vedanÄ”; muaj kev
adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ, undersands: “Kuv tau ntsib kev adukkham-asukhÄ
vedanÄ”; ntsib ib tug sukha vedanÄ sÄmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau ntsib
sukha vedanÄ sÄmisa”; kev muaj sukha vedanÄ nirÄmisa, undersands: “Kuv
tau ntsib sukha vedanÄ nirÄmisa”; kev paub txog dukkha vedanÄ sÄmisa,
undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev paub txog dukkha vedanÄ sÄmisa”; kev paub
txog dukkha vedanÄ nirÄmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev dukkha vedanÄ
nirÄmisa”; muaj kev adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ sÄmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau
ntsib kev adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ sÄmisa”; pom ib adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ
nirÄmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev adukkham-asukhÄ vedanÄ
nirÄmisa”.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm vedanÄ hauv vedanÄ sab hauv,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm vedanÄ hauv vedanÄ sab nraud, lossis nws nyob
tsom kwm vedanÄ hauv vedanÄ sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom
xam cov samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv vedanÄ, lossis nws nyob tsom
kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv vedanÄ, lossis nws nyob tsom
saib cov samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv vedanÄ; los yog
lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog vedanÄ!” sati yog tam sim no
nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere
paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab
tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm
vedanÄ hauv vedanÄ.
III. Kev Soj Ntsuam ntawm Citta
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta?
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu to taub citta nrog rÄga li “citta nrog
rÄga”, lossis nws nkag siab citta tsis muaj rÄga li “citta tsis muaj
rÄga”, lossis nws nkag siab citta nrog dosa li “citta nrog dosa”, lossis
nws nkag siab citta tsis muaj dosa li “citta tsis muaj dosa”, lossis
nws nkag siab citta nrog moha li “citta nrog moha”, lossis nws nkag siab
citta tsis muaj moha li “citta tsis muaj moha”, lossis nws nkag siab
sau citta li “citta sau”, lossis nws nkag siab tawg citta li “citta
tawg”, lossis nws nkag siab qhov nthuav dav citta raws li “kev nthuav
dav citta”, lossis nws nkag siab citta tsis tseem ceeb raws li “citta
tsis tau qhia”, lossis nws nkag siab citta surpassable li “citta
surpassable”, lossis nws nkag siab ib qho tsis muaj qhov zoo li citta li
“citta uas tsis muaj peev xwm”, lossis nws nkag siab qhov citta uas
tsis yog “citta”, lossis nws nkag siab qhov citta tsis meej li “citta
tsis ruaj khov”, lossis nws nkag siab citta liberated li “liberated
citta”, lossis nws nkag siab ib qho citta uas tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig
zoo li “kev tsis nyeem ntawv citta”.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm
citta hauv citta sab hauv, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom kwm saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
citta, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm ntawm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim
hauv citta, lossis nws nyob tsom saib cov samudaya thiab dhau ntawm
qhov tshwm sim hauv citta; los yog lwm qhov, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog
citta!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg
ntawm mere merea thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw,
thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus,
ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta.
IV. Soj ntsuam ntawm Dhammas
A. Tshooj ntawm N thevaraášas
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas?
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv
dhammas nrog siv mus rau lub tsib nÄĢvaraášas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas
bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas nrog siv rau tsib lub
nÄĢvaraášas?
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj kÄmacchanda tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj kÄmacchanda hauv kuv”; muaj tsis
yog kÄmacchanda tuaj tsis pub dhau, nws nkag siab: “tsis muaj
kÄmacchanda hauv kuv”; nws to taub li cas tus unarisen kÄmacchanda tshwm
sim; nws nkag siab li cas tus arisen kÄmacchanda tso tseg; thiab nws
nkag siab k howmacchanda uas tso tseg lawm yuav tsis tshwm sim rau yav
tom ntej.
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj yog byÄpÄda tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj byÄpÄda nyob hauv kuv”; tsis muaj
byÄpÄda tuaj nyob hauv, nws nkag siab: “yeej tsis muaj byÄpÄda nyob
hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab li cas unarisen byÄpÄda tshwm sim; nws nkag
siab li cas tus arisen byÄpÄda tso tseg; thiab nws nkag siab li cas by
thepÄda tso tseg tsis tuaj rau yav tom ntej.
Ntawm no, bhikkhus,
ib bhikkhu, muaj raug thÄĢnamiddhÄ nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj
thÄĢnamiddhÄĢ nyob hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog thÄĢnamiddhÄ tuaj nyob hauv,
nws nkag siab: “tseem tsis thÄĢnamiddhÄ nyob hauv kuv”; nws to taub li
cas tus unarisen thÄĢnamiddhÄ tshwm sim; nws nkag siab li cas tus arisen
thÄĢnamiddhÄ yog tso tseg; thiab nws nkag siab tias cov thÄĢnamiddhÄ tso
tseg li cas tsis tshwm sim rau yav tom ntej.
Nws nkag siab mana,
nws nkag siab txog dhammas, nws nkag siab qhov saášyojana uas tshwm sim
vim yog ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas saášyojana tsis tshwm sim tuaj
tshwm sim, nws nkag siab tias qhov tshwm sim los ntawm saášyojana li cas,
thiab nws nkag siab li cas rau saášyojana tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim yav
tom ntej.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab nraud, lossis nws
nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells
tsom kwm saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis nws
nyob tsom kwm ntawm kev dhau ntawm kev tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis
nws nyob tsom kwm tus samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
dhammas; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!”
sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm
mere merea thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab
tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug
bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv dhammas, nrog siv mus rau
(6) sab hauv thiab sab nraud Äyatanas.
D. Ntu ntawm Bojjhaáš gas
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas
muaj siv rau xya bojjhaáš
gas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob
tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv rau xya bojjhaáš
gas?
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj tau qhov sati sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim
no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj sati sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; muaj
tsis yog cov sati sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub:
“yog tsis muaj sati sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; nws to taub yuav ua li cas
unarisen sati sambojjhaáš
ga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias yuav ua li
cas arisen sati sambojjhaáš
ga yog tsim kom tiav.
Muaj yog lub
dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “muaj
yog dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog dhammavicaya
sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj
dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab tias qhov tsis muaj
kev ntseeg dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias
qhov tshwm sim ntawm dhammavicaya sambojjhaáš
ga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag
nrho.
Muaj raug vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws
nkag siab: “muaj vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog tus
vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj
vÄĢriya sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab li cas cov unarisen vÄĢriya
sambojjhaáš
ga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov arisen
vÄĢriya sambojjha isga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag nrho.
Muaj pÄĢti
sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “muaj pÄĢti
sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog pÄĢti sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no nyob
rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj pÄĢti sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; nws nkag
siab li cas tus unarisen pÄĢti sambojjhaáš
ga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab
li cas cov arisen pÄĢti sambojjhaáš
ga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag nrho.
Muaj tau lub passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no tsis pub dhau, nws nkag
siab: “muaj passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog tus
passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj
passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab tias qhov tsis muaj dab
tsi passaddhi sambojjhaáš
ga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias yuav ua li
cas txoj kev sib cav me nyuam yaus tau dhau los ua rau kev zoo tag
nrho.
Muaj lub samÄdhi sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws
nkag siab: “muaj samÄdhi sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; tsis muaj samÄdhi
sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “tsis muaj samÄdhi
sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; nws to taub li cas tus unarisen samÄdhi
sambojjhaáš
ga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm sam
thedhi sambojjhaáš
ga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag nrho.
Muaj tau
upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “muaj
upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga hauv
kuv”; nws to taub li cas qhov tsis txawv txav upekkhÄ sambojjhaáš
ga los
tshwm sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov arisen upekkhÄ sambojjha
isga yog tsim kom tiav.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv
dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas, lossis
nws nyob tsom kwm tus samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
dhammas; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!”
sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm
mere merea thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab
tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug
bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv dhammas, nrog siv mus rau
xya bojjhaáš
gas.
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj tau
uddhacca-kukkucca tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj
uddhacca-kukkucca nyob hauv kuv”; muaj tsis tau uddhacca-kukkucca tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “yog tsis muaj uddhacca-kukkucca
hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab li cas tus unarisen uddhacca-kukkucca los tshwm
sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov arisen uddhacca-kukkucca raug tso
tseg; thiab nws nkag siab tias yuav ua li cas tso tseg
uddhacca-kukkucca tsis tshwm sim rau yav tom ntej.
Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj ua vicikicchÄ tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag
siab: “muaj vicikicchÄ hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog vicikicchÄ tuaj nyob
hauv, nws nkag siab: “tseem tsis muaj vicikicchÄ nyob hauv kuv”; nws to
taub li cas unarisen vicikicchÄ los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li
cas lub arisen vicikicchÄ tso tseg; thiab nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas
lub vicikicch abandoned tso tseg tsis tuaj kom tshwm rau yav tom ntej.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob
tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib
samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm tus
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paášissati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob
rau hauv dhammas, muaj siv rau tsib lub nÄĢvaraášas.
B. Ntu nyob rau Khandhas
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas nrog
rau tsib lub khandhas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv rau tsib khandhas?
Ntawm
no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu [meej mom]: “xws li yog rÅĢpa, xws li yog
samudaya ntawm rÅĢpa, xws li yog dhau ntawm rÅĢpa; xws li yog vedanÄ, xws
li yog samudaya ntawm vedanÄ, xws li yog dhau ntawm vedanÄ; xws li yog
saÃąÃąÄ, xws li yog samudaya ntawm saÃąÃąÄ, xws li yog dhau ntawm saÃąÃąÄ; xws
li yog saáš
khÄra, xws li yog samudaya ntawm saáš
khÄra, xws li yog dhau
ntawm saáš
khÄra; xws li yog viÃąÃąÄáša, xws li yog samudaya ntawm viÃąÃąÄáša,
xws li yog dhau ntawm viÃąÃąÄáša “.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas
hauv dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas
sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm tus samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim
hauv dhammas; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog
dhammas!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg
ntawm mere merea thiab mere paášissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw,
thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus,
ib tug bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv dhammas, muaj siv rau
tsib khandhas.
C. Ntu nyob rau Qhov Chaw Ntseg
Ntxiv mus,
bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj kev
siv rau rau internalyatanas sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Ntxiv mus,
bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv
rau qhov rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud Äyatanas?
Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu to taub cakkhu, nws nkag siab rÅĢpa, nws nkag
siab saášyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog ob tug no, nws nkag siab li cas cov
saaryojana tsis pom zoo tuaj txog, nws nkag siab li cas rau saášyojana
uas raug tso tseg, thiab nws nkag siab txog qhov tso tseg saášyojana li
cas tsis tshwm sim tom ntej no.
Nws nkag siab sota, nws nkag siab
qhov sadda, nws nkag siab qhov saášyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog ob yam
no, nws nkag siab li cas cov saášyojana tsis pom zoo tshwm sim tuaj, nws
nkag siab tias qhov tshwm sim los ntawm saisyojana li cas, thiab nws
nkag siab li cas qhov tso tseg saášyojana tsis tshwm sim yav tom ntej.
Nws nkag siab ghÄna, nws nkag siab txog gandha, nws nkag siab qhov
saášyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas lub
saaryojana tsis tshwm sim tuaj tshwm sim, nws nkag siab tias qhov tshwm
sim ntawm saášyojana li cas tso tseg, thiab nws nkag siab li cas rau
saášyojana tsis tuaj tshwm yav tom ntej.
Nws nkag siab jivha, nws
nkag siab txog rasa, nws nkag siab txog saášyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog
ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas saášyojana tsis tshwm sim tuaj, nws nkag
siab li cas rau saášyojana raug tso tseg, thiab nws nkag siab li cas rau
saášyojana tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim yav tom ntej.
Nws nkag siab
kÄya, nws nkag siab phoášášhabba, nws nkag siab txog saášyojana uas tshwm
sim vim yog ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas cov saášyojana tsis pom tsis
zoo tshwm sim, nws nkag siab li cas rau saášyojana tsis tso tseg, thiab
nws nkag siab li cas rau saášyojana tsis tuaj tshwm yav tom ntej.
E. Seem ntawm Qhov Tseeb
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas
nrog rau plaub tus ariya ¡ saccas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu
nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv rau plaub tus ariya ¡
saccas?
E1. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Dukkhasacca
Thiab dab
tsi, bhikkhus, yog dukkha ariyasacca? JÄti yog dukkha, kev laus yog
dukkha (kev mob yog dukkha) maraáša yog dukkha, kev tu siab, lamentation,
dukkha, domanassa thiab ntxhov siab yog dukkha, koom nrog dab tsi tsis
nyiam yog dukkha, cuam tshuam los ntawm dab tsi yog nyiam yog dukkha,
tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau yog dukkha; Hais luv, tus tsib
upÄdÄna ¡ k ¡ khandhas yog dukkha.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
jÄti? Rau ntau yam tsiaj nyob hauv cov chav kawm ntau ntawm quavntsej,
jÄti, yug menyuam, qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob [hauv niam plab], tshwm sim
[hauv lub ntiaj teb], qhov tshwm sim, qhov pom ntawm khandhas, nrhiav
tau los ntawm Äyatanas. Qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua jÄti.
Thiab
dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog jarÄ? Rau cov tsiaj muaj ntau yam nyob hauv cov
chav kawm ntau ntawm quavntsej, jar of, lub xeev ntawm kev lwj, ntawm
qhov tau tawg [cov hniav], ntawm muaj cov plaub hau grey, ntawm qhov
tsaus muag, qhov poob ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, kev lwj ntawm indriyas:
qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua jarÄ.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
maraáša? Rau cov tsiaj txhu hauv ntau chav kawm ntawm quavntsej, qhov
tuag, lub xeev ntawm kev hloov chaw [tawm ntawm hav zoov], sib tawg,
ploj, tuag, mara passinga, dhau mus, sib nrug ntawm lub khandhas, kev
tso cia ntawm lub qhov tuag: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua maraáša.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog kev tu siab? Hauv ib, bhikkhus, cuam
tshuam nrog ntau yam kev khaum, kov los ntawm ntau yam dukkha dhammas,
ua kev quaj ntsuag, kev quaj ntsuag, lub xeev kev quaj ntsuag, kev tu
siab sab hauv, sab hauv kev nyuaj siab: qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua kev tu
siab.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog lamentation? Hauv ib,
bhikkhus, cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam ntawm kev khaum, kov los ntawm ntau
yam dukkha dhammas, kev quaj, cov tsis yws, quaj, quaj, lub xeev quaj,
lub xeev quaj: qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua lamentation.
Thiab yog
dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog dukkha? Xijpeem, bhikkhus, lub cev tsis muaj
dukkha, lub cev tsis zoo, lub cev tsis sib xws, dukkha tau los ntawm kev
sib chwv lub cev, tsis txaus siab rau hnub: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu
ua dukkha.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog domanassa? Xijpeem,
bhikkhus, kev puas siab puas ntsws dukkha, kev puas siab puas ntsws tsis
txaus siab, dukkha engendered los ntawm kev sib cuag hlwb, tsis txaus
siab vedayitas: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua domanassa.
Thiab dab
tsi, bhikkhus, yog kev poob siab? Hauv ib, bhikkhus, cuam tshuam nrog
ntau yam kev ua txhaum, kov los ntawm ntau yam dukkha dhammas, qhov teeb
meem, poob siab, lub xeev muaj teeb meem, lub xeev muaj kev poob siab:
qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua poob siab.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
dukkha txog kev txuam nrog dab tsi tsis txaus siab? Ntawm no, hais txog
ntawm cov ntawv, suab, tastes, tsw, lub cev ntawm lub cev thiab cov kev
xav hauv lub cev muaj cov uas tsis txaus siab, tsis txaus siab, tsis kaj
siab, lossis lwm tus uas xav tau ib tus tsis zoo, cov uas xav tau ib
tus tsis txaus siab, cov uas xav tau ib tus tsis zoo, cov uas leej twg
xav tau ib tus tsis yog dim ntawm kev sib txuas, sib ntsib, sib txuam,
sib koom ua ke, ntsib lawv: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua dukkha uas raug
txuam nrog dab tsi tsis txaus siab.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
dukkha ntawm raug cais tawm ntawm dab tsi yog pom zoo? Ntawm no, raws
li rau hauv cov ntawv, suab, qab qab, ntxhiab, lub cev ntawm cov xwm
txheej thiab cov kev xav hauv lub hlwb muaj cov uas muaj kev txaus siab,
txaus siab, qab ntxiag, lossis lwm tus uas xav tau ib qho zoo dua, cov
uas xav tau ib tus txiaj ntsig, cov uas xav tau ib qho kev nplij siab,
cov uas xav kom ib tus dim ntawm qhov txuas, tsis ntsib, tsis koom nrog,
tsis koom ua ke, tsis ntsib nrog lawv: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua
dukkha ntawm kev cais tawm ntawm yam uas pom zoo.
Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi ib qho xav tau? Hauv
lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev yug los, xws li xav tau
tshwm sim: “huag tiag tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj jÄti rau peb, thiab
tiag tiag, thov peb tsis txhob los rau jÄti.” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog
kom ua tiav los ntawm xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais
dab tsi uas xav tau.
Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv
ntawm kev laus, xws li qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim: “huag tiag tiag, tej
zaum yuav tsis muaj jarÄ rau peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov peb tsis tuaj
rau ntawm lub pob tawb.” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm
xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.
Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev muaj mob, xws li
xav tau tshwm sim: “Huag tiag tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj kev mob rau
peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov kom peb tsis txhob los rau mob.” Tab sis qhov
no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm
tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.
Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj
tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev laus, xws li qhov kev xav tshwm sim: “huag tiag
tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj maraáša rau peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov peb
tsis txhob tuaj maraáša.” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm
xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.
Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev tu siab,
lamentation, dukkha, domanassa thiab ntxhov siab, xws li xav tau tshwm
sim: “huag tiag tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj kev tu siab, lamentation,
dukkha, domanassa thiab kev nyuaj siab rau peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov
kom peb tsis txhob tuaj rau kev tu siab, lamentation, dukkha, domanassa
thiab ntxhov siab. ” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm xav
tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog nyob rau hauv luv luv tsib
upÄdÄnakkhandhas? Lawv yog: rÅĢpa upÄdÄnakkhandha, vedanÄ
upÄdÄnakkhandha, saÃąÃąÄ upÄdÄnakkhandha, saáš
khÄra upÄdÄnakkhandha,
viÃąÃąÄáša upÄdÄnakkhandha. Cov no yog hu ua luv, bhikkhus, tsib
upÄdÄnakkhandhas.
Qhov no yog hu ua, bhikkhus, dukkha ariyasacca
E2. Kev siv ntawm Samudayasacca
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog lub dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Nws yog
qhov no taášhÄ ua rau rov qab, txuas nrog lub siab xav thiab kev lom zem,
nrhiav kev zoo siab ntawm no lossis nyob ntawd, uas yog hais:
kÄma-taášhÄ, bhava-taášhÄ thiab vibhava-taášhÄ. Tab sis no taášhÄ, bhikkhus,
thaum sawv, nws tshwm sim qhov twg, thiab thaum xaus rau [nws tus
kheej], nws nyob qhov twg? Hauv uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas zoo li
qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, uas yog qhov chaw taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim,
tshwm sim, qhov twg thaum tsiv, nws settles.
Thiab dab tsi nyob
hauv lub ntiaj teb muaj qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo? Lub qhov muag nyob
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm
sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub pob ntseg nyob hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum khom, nws settles. Lub taub ntswg nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Tus nplaig nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum khom, nws settles. KÄya hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Mana nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum khom, nws settles.
Pom
daim ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum tshwm, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles. Suab
hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles. Cov ntxhiab hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj ta therehÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum daws, nws pib sib haum. Cov nqaij hauv lub ntiaj teb yog
qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub cev tshwm sim hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášháš, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev
tawm, nws settles. Dhammas hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles.
Tus muag-viÃąÃąÄáša hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. Pob ntseg-viÃąÃąÄáša hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Tus ntswg-viÃąÃąÄáša hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Tus nplaig-viÃąÃąÄáša hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum khom, nws
settles. KÄya-viÃąÃąÄáša hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.
Mana-viÃąÃąÄáša hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ,
thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles.
Lub
qhov muag-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws
tswm. Lub pob ntseg-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm,
nws tswm. Lub taub ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm,
nws settles. Tus nplaig-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. KÄya-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws
tswm. Mana-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.
Lub vedanÄ yug los ntawm qhov muag-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vedanÄ yug los ntawm pob ntseg-samphassa
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vedanÄ yug ntawm lub
qhov ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws settles. Lub
vedanÄ yug ntawm tus nplaig-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
settling, nws settles. Lub vedanÄ yug los ntawm kÄya-samphassa hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum khom, nws settles. Lub vedanÄ yug los ntawm
mana-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.
Tus
saÃąÃąÄ ntawm daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. Cov saÃąÃąÄ ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm,
nws settles. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
settling, nws settles. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm lub cev tsis muaj nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum kev sib hais haum, nws daws. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm Dhammas
nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum
tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles.
Lub tswv
yim [cuam tshuam nrog] cov ntawv pom hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev sib
hais haum, nws tawm. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] suab hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim,
muaj thaum kev tawm, nws settles. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog]
ntxhiab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub tswv
yim [cuam tshuam nrog] cov qab qab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
daws, nws pib tawm. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] lub cev tshwm sim
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws daws. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam
nrog] dhammas hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ,
thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev sib hais haum, nws pib sib haum.
Lub taášhÄ rau cov ntaub ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais
tawm, nws tswm. Lub taášhÄ rau cov suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais
tawm, nws tswm. Lub taášhÄ rau cov ntxhiab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog
qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub taášhÄ rau cov qab zib nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum settling, nws settles. Lub taášhÄ rau lub cev tshwm sim hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub taášhÄ rau dhammas nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles.
Lub vitakka ntawm pom cov
ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ,
thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws settles. Lub vitakka
ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub
vitakka ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj ta therehÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws
settles. Lub vitakka ntawm cov tsw qab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
daws, nws pib tawm. Lub vitakka ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vitakka ntawm dhammas
nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum
sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.
Lub vicÄra ntawm
daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Lub vicÄra ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm,
nws settles. Lub vicÄra ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. Lub vicÄra ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
settling, nws settles. Lub vicÄra ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vicÄra ntawm dhammas nyob
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum
sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles. Qhov no hu ua,
bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ samudaya ariyasacca.
E3. Raug ntawm Nirodhasacca
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog lub dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Nws yog
qhov no taášhÄ ua rau rov qab, txuas nrog lub siab xav thiab kev lom zem,
nrhiav kev zoo siab ntawm no lossis nyob ntawd, uas yog hais:
kÄma-taášhÄ, bhava-taášhÄ thiab vibhava-taášhÄ. Tab sis qhov no taášhÄ,
bhikkhus, thaum tso tseg, qhov twg yog nws tso tseg, thiab thaum nres,
nws nres qhov twg? Hauv uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas zoo li qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, uas yog qhov chaw taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, raug tso
tseg, qhov twg thaum nres, nws ceases.
Thiab dab tsi nyob hauv
lub ntiaj teb muaj qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo? Lub qhov muag nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso
tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub pob ntseg nyob hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taub ntswg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj
thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Tus nplaig nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. KÄya hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Mana nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Pom daim ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Suab hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Cov pa tsw qab nyob rau
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Cov nqaij hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub cev nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Dhammas hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases.
Qhov muag-viÃąÃąÄáša hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Pob ntseg-viÃąÃąÄáša hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Tus ntswg-viÃąÃąÄáša hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Tus nplaig-viÃąÃąÄáša hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
KÄya-viÃąÃąÄáša hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ,
thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Mana-viÃąÃąÄáša
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub qhov
muag-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub pob
ntseg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub
taub ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Tus nplaig-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
KÄya-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Mana-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub vedanÄ yug los ntawm qhov muag-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanÄ yug los ntawm pob ntseg-samphassa hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab txaus siab, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanÄ yug ntawm lub
qhov ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub vedanÄ yug ntawm tus nplaig-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab txaus siab, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj
thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanÄ yug los ntawm kÄya-samphassa hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg,
tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanÄ yug los ntawm
mana-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm lub cev hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm Dhammas hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] cov ntawv
pom hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum
tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub tswv yim [cuam
tshuam nrog] suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub
tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] ntxhiab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] saj nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso
tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog]
lub cev tshwm sim hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub
tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] dhammas hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases.
Lub taášhÄ rau cov ntaub ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taášhÄ rau cov suab hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taášhÄ rau tsw rau hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taášhÄ rau cov qab zib nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso
tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taášhÄ rau lub cev tshwm sim
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taášhÄ rau dhammas
nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum
tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub vitakka
ntawm pom cov ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm cov tsw qab nyob hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob
rau hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum
tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm
dhammas hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ,
thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub
vicÄra ntawm daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Lub vicÄra ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Lub vicÄra ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vicÄra ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj ta therehÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vicÄra ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob
rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taášhÄ,
thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vicÄra
ntawm dhammas hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taášhÄ, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Qhov no
yog hu ua, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ nirodha ariyasacca.
E4. Raug ntawm Maggasacca
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gÄminÄĢ paášipadÄ
ariyasacca? Nws tsuas yog no ariya aášášhaáš
gika magga, uas yog los hais
sammÄdiášášhi, sammÄsaáš
kappo, sammÄvÄcÄ, sammÄkammanto, sammÄ-ÄjÄĢvo,
sammÄvÄyÄmo, sammÄsati thiab sammÄsamÄdhi.
Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog sammÄdiášášhi? Tias, bhikkhus, uas yog ÃąÄáša ntawm dukkha,
ÃąÄáša ntawm dukkha-samudaya, ÃąÄáša ntawm dukkha-nirodha thiab ÃąÄáša ntawm
dukkha-nirodha-gÄmini paášipada, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammÄdiášášhi.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammÄsaáš
kappas? Cov, bhikkhus, uas yog
saáš
kappas ntawm nekkhamma, saáš
kappas ntawm abyÄpÄda, saáš
kappas ntawm
avihiášsÄ, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammÄsaáš
kappas.
Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog sammÄvÄcÄ? Tias, bhikkhus, uas tau yoo nqhis ntawm
musÄvÄdÄ, tsis yaum pisuáša vÄcÄ, tsis yaum pharusa vÄcÄ, thiab tsis yaum
los ntawm samphappalÄpa, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammÄvÄcÄ.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammÄ-kammanta? Tias, bhikkhus, uas yog ua
kom tsis txhob pÄášÄtipÄta, tsis yoo adinnÄdÄna, tsis txiav tawm
abrahmacariya, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammÄ-kammanta.
Thiab dab
tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammÄ-ÄjÄĢva? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib tug thwj tim
zoo, tau tso tseg tsis ncaj ncees lawm kev ua neej, txhawb nws lub neej
los ntawm txoj cai txoj kev ua neej, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus,
sammÄ-ÄjÄĢva.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammÄvÄyÄma? Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu tsim nws chanda rau qhov tsis tshwm sim ntawm
unarisen pÄpaka thiab akusala dhammas, nws exerts nws tus kheej, rouses
nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv zog; nws generates nws chanda
rau lub pov tseg ntawm arisen pÄpaka thiab akusala dhammas, nws exerts
nws tus kheej, rouses nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv zog; nws
generates nws chanda rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm unarisen kusala dhammas,
nws exerts nws tus kheej, rouses nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv
zog; nws tsim nws lub chanda rau kev nyob ruaj khov ntawm arisen kusala
dhammas, rau lawv qhov kev tsis sib haum, rau lawv nce, lawv txoj kev
loj hlob, lawv cog qoob loo thiab lawv ua tiav, nws exerts nws tus
kheej, rouses nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv zog. Qhov no yog
hu ua, bhikkhus, sammÄvÄyÄma.
Ib yam dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
sammÄsati? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kÄya hauv kÄya,
ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, tau muab abhijjhÄ-domanassa rau lub ntiaj teb.
Nws nyob tsom kwm vedanÄ hauv vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, tau muab
tso tseg abhijjhÄ-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm citta
hauv citta, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, tau tso tseg abhijjhÄ-domanassa
ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm dhamma in s hauv dhamma ¡ s,
ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, tau tso tseg abhijjhÄ-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj
teb. Qhov no yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammÄsati.
Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog sammÄsamÄdhi? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, detached
ntawm kÄma, cais tawm ntawm akusala dhammas, tau nkag mus rau hauv thawj
jhÄna, nyob rau ntawd, nrog vitakka thiab vicÄra, nrog pÄĢti thiab sukha
yug ntawm detachment. Nrog rau kev tseem nyob rau ntawm vitakka-vicÄra,
tau nkag mus rau hauv lub thib ob jhÄna, nws nyob rau ntawd nws nrog
sab hauv tanquilization, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm citta, tsis muaj
vitakka tsis vicÄra, nrog pÄĢti thiab sukha yug ntawm samÄdhi. Thiab nrog
indifference rau pÄĢti, nws nyob rau hauv upekkha, sato thiab sampajÄno,
nws paub nyob rau hauv kÄya lub sukha uas cov ariyas piav qhia: ‘ib tug
uas yog equanimous thiab mindful nyob hauv [no] sukha’, tau nkag mus
rau hauv peb jhÄna, nws nyob nyob rau ntawd. Tso tseg sukha thiab tso
dukkha, somanassa thiab domanassa dhau los tsis muaj, tsis muaj sukha
lossis dukkha, nrog kev coj dawb huv ntawm upekkha thiab sati, tau nkag
mus rau hauv plaub jhÄna, nws nyob rau ntawd. Qhov no yog hu ua,
bhikkhus, sammÄsamÄdhi.
No yog hu ua, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gÄminÄĢ paášipadÄ ariyasacca.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob
tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib
samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm tus
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paášissati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu nyob saib dhammas nyob rau
hauv dhammas, muaj siv rau plaub ariya ¡ saccas.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev coj ua SatipaášášhÄnas
Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas hauv txoj
kev no rau xya xyoo, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm
tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee
qhov rov sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia nyob xya xyoo, bhikkhus. Rau
leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas hauv txoj kev no
rau xyoo, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia rau xyoo rau, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas hauv txoj kev no rau tsib
xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia nyob tsib xyoos, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas nyob rau hauv txoj kev no
rau plaub lub xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm
tias [zoo kawg nkaus] kev paub hauv qhov pom tshwm sim, lossis yog tias
muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia plaub xyoos,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas
hauv txoj kev no rau peb lub xyoo, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav
tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia rau peb xyoos,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas
hauv txoj kev no rau ob xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav xav
tau: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia nyob ob xyoos,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas
hauv txoj kev no rau ib xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau
xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia ib xyoos ib,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas
hauv txoj kev no rau xya lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav
tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia nyob ib hlis xya,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas
hauv txoj kev no rau rau lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav
tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia nyob ib leeg rau
lub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub
satipaášášhÄnas hauv txoj kev no rau tsib lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob qhov
txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim
pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia
nyob ib leeg tsib lub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum
cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas nyob rau hauv txoj kev no rau plaub lub hlis,
ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub
hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug,
anÄgÄmita.
Cia plaub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav
xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas hauv txoj kev no rau peb lub hlis, ib qho
ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv
qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug,
anÄgÄmita.
Cia nyob ib leeg peb lub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas hauv txoj kev no rau ob
lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia nyob ob hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas hauv txoj kev no rau ib
hlis, ib ntawm ob qhov tshwm sim xav tau: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub
hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug,
anÄgÄmita.
Cia nyob ib hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus,
yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas hauv txoj kev no rau ib nrab ntawm ib
hlis, ib ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej]
paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab
laug, anÄgÄmita.
Cia ib nrab ib hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaášášhÄnas hauv txoj kev no rau ib lub
lim tiam, ib ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anÄgÄmita.
“Qhov no, bhikkhus, yog txoj hauv kev uas ua
rau tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis huv huv ntawm quavntsej, kov yeej kev
quaj ntsuag thiab lamentation, ploj ntawm dukkha-domanassa, kev muaj
ntawm txoj kev yog, paub txog NibbÄna, uas yog hais plaub satipaášášhÄnas.
” Yog li tau hais lawm, thiab ntawm txhua yam no tau hais lawm.
Yog li hais BhagavÄ. Zoo siab, bhikkhus txais tos cov lus ntawm BhagavÄ.
45) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
84) Classical Sanskrit ā¤āĨ⤞⤏āĨ⤏ā¤ŋā¤ā¤˛āĨ ⤎⤍āĨ⤏āĨā¤āĨ⤰ā¤ŋ⤤āĨ
85) Classical Scots Gaelic-GÃ idhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,
110) Classical Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,



http://www.orgsites.com/oh/
Awakeness Practices
All
84,000 Khandas As Found in the Pali Suttas Traditionally the are 84,000
Dharma Doors - 84,000 ways to get Awakeness. Maybe so; certainly the
Buddha taught a large number of practices that lead to Awakeness. This
web page attempts to catalogue those found in the Pali Suttas (DN, MN,
SN, AN, Ud & Sn 1). There are 3 sections:
The
discourses of Buddha are divided into 84,000, as to separate addresses.
The division includes all that was spoken by Buddha.âI received from
Buddha,â said Ananda, â82,000 Khandas, and from the priests 2000; these
are 84,000 Khandas
maintained by me.â They are divided into 275,250, as to the stanzas of
the original text, and into 361,550, as to the stanzas of the
commentary. All the discourses including both those of Buddha and those
of the commentator, are divided into 2,547 banawaras, containing
737,000 stanzas, and 29,368,000 separate letters.
Positive Buddha Vacana â The words of the Buddha â Interested in All
Suttas of Tipitaka as Episodes in visual format including 7D laser
Hologram 360 degree Circarama presentation
from
Please Visit: http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
for
Maha-parinibbana Sutta â Last Days of the Buddha
The Great Discourse on the Total Unbinding
This wide-ranging sutta, the
longest one in the Pali canon, describes the events leading up to,
during, and immediately following the death and final release
(parinibbana) of the Buddha. This colorful narrative contains a wealth
of Dhamma teachings, including the Buddhaâs final instructions that
defined how Buddhism would be lived and practiced long after the
Buddhaâs death â even to this day. But this sutta also depicts, in
simple language, the poignant human drama that unfolds among
the Buddhaâs many devoted followers around the time of the death of their beloved teacher.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
for
MahÄsatipaášášhÄnasuttaáš (Pali) - 2 KÄyÄnupassanÄ ÄnÄpÄnapabbaáš
http://www.buddha-vacana.org/
Use
http://www.translate.google.
Rector
JC
an expert who identifies experts influenced by Expert and Infulencer Sashikanth Chandrasekharan
of
Free Online Awaken One With Awareness Mind (A1wAM)+ ioT (insight-net of Things) - the art of Giving, taking and Living to attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal through Electronic Visual Communication Course on
Political
Science-Techno-Politico-Socio Transformation and Economic Emancipation
Movement (TPSTEEM). Struggle hard to see that all fraud EVMs are
replaced by paper ballots by Start using Internet of things by creating
Websites,blogs. Make the best use of facebook, twitter etc., to
propagate TPSTEEMthru FOA1TRPUVF.
Practice Insight Meditation in all postures of the body - Sitting, standing, lying, walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, martial arts etc., for health mind in a healthy body.

buddhasaid2us@gmail.com,








.
LESSON 3288 Fri 28 Feb 2020
from
LESSON 3287 Thu 27 Feb 2020
from
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/ashoka-6226.php
Ashoka (Piya Dasi)
“GREATEST EMPEROR ON EARTH!”
Another king from another kingdom who was given the title of âThe
Greatâ. Asoka the Great was the last of the great Indian empire of
Maurya and he ruled from 269 BC. He too has great conquests and his
empire was almost the entire Indian sub-continent. He was a kind and a
good-hearted leader. After the bloody Kalinga War, he was so deeply
moved and pained by the suffering that he denounced his throne and all
his wealth and adopted Buddhism. Today, he is known as an important
champion of Buddhism and he preached the values of Buddhism and the
lesson from Buddhaâs life to the people.
Ashoka Biography
Ashoka was the third emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty and ruled almost
the entire Indian subcontinent. This biography profiles his childhood,
life, reign, achievements and timeline
Quick Facts
Born: 304 BC
Nationality: Indian
Famous: Leaders Emperors & Kings
Died At Age: 72
Also Known As: Dharma Ashoka, Ashoka the Terrible, Asoka, Ashoka the Great
Born in: Pataliputra
Famous as: Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty
Family:
Spouse/Ex-: Karuvaki, Maharani Devi, Rani Padmavati, Tishyaraksha
father: Bindusara
mother: Shubhadrangi
siblings: Susima
children: Charumati, Jaluka, Kunala, Mahinda, Sangamitta, Tivala
Died on: 232 BC
place of death: Pataliputra
Ashoka, also known as âAshoka the Greatâ, was the third ruler of the
Mauryan Empire and one of the greatest emperors of India who ruled
almost the entire Indian subcontinent. He is largely credited for
spreading Buddhism in many parts of the world. He grew up to become an
absolutely fearsome king with a vision to expand his empire
continuously, which stretched across the Indian subcontinent leaving
aside the southernmost parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. However, it was
the conquest of Kalinga, seen as the bloodiest and most lethal, which
left him shattered and transformed him from a fierce vengeful ruler to a
peaceful and non-violent emperor. He built up numerous stupas across
his empire, and got many pillars constructed, the most significant of
them being the Ashoka Pillar, containing the Lion Capital of Ashoka
which is today Indiaâs national emblem. In addition to this, his Ashoka
Chakra, inscribed on many of his relics (most prominent among which is
the Lion Capital of Sarnath and The Ashoka Pillar), is at the centre of
the National flag of India. The reign of Ashoka is considered as one of
the most glorious periods in Indian history. Even though Buddhism faded
in India after his death, it continued to flourish and spread in other
parts, particularly in eastern and south-eastern Asia
Primis Player Placeholder
Childhood & Early Life
Ashoka was born as Devanampriya Priyadarshi Samrat Ashoka, in 304
BC, in Pataliputra (close to modern-day Patna), to the second emperor of
the Mauryan Dynasty, Bindusara, and Maharani Dharma.
The
grandson of the founder of Mauryan Dynasty, Chandragupta Maurya, he had
several half-brothers from his fatherâs other wives.
Born
into a royal family, he was good at fighting since childhood and
received royal military training. Besides, he was also excellent at
hunting, evident from his ability to kill a lion with only a wooden rod.
Accession & Reign
Considered a fearless and heartless military leader, he was deputed to curb the riots in the Avanti province of the empire.
He was appointed the Viceroy of Avanti province in 286 BC after suppressing the uprising at Ujjain.
He was called upon by his father to help heir-apparent Susima in
quelling a revolt at Taxila, which he did successfully, thereby becoming
the Viceroy of Taxila. He is also said to have handled and curbed a
second rebellion in Taxila later.
After his father
Bindusaraâs death in 272 BC, a two-year long fierce battle broke out
between Ashoka and his half brothers. According to Dipavansa and
Mahavansa (Buddhist texts), he killed his 99 brothers, sparing just
Vitashoka or Tissa, to capture the throne.
While he ascended
the throne in 272 BC, he had to wait for four years for his coronation
in 269 BC to become the third ruler of the Mauryan Empire.
He
was supported by his fatherâs ministers, especially Radhagupta, who
played a major role in his victory and was appointed the Prime Minster
after Ashoka became the emperor.
He was constantly at war
during the first eight years of his reign, expanding his empire across
the Indian subcontinent, including Iran and Afghanistan in the West, and
Bangladesh and Burmese border in the East.
He was successful
in acquiring the Godavari-Krishna basin and Mysore in the south, though
the southernmost territories of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Sri Lanka
remained out of his reach.
Even though the predecessors of
Ashoka ruled over a vast empire, the kingdom of Kalinga on the northeast
coast of India (present-day Odisha and North Coastal Andhra Pradesh)
never came under the control of the Mauryan Empire. Ashoka wanted to
change this and invaded Kalinga for the same.
The bloody war
at Kalinga left over 100,000 soldiers and civilians dead and more than
150,000 deported. This large-scale killing of humans sickened Ashoka so
much that he vowed never to fight again and started practicing
non-violence.
According to Buddhist sources, he was so
influenced by the teachings of Buddhism that he converted into a
Buddhist and made it his state religion.
He issued a series
of edicts that laid down the basic rules for formulating policies in his
empire. These were announced through edicts and inscriptions in local
dialects on pillars and rocks.
A number of Buddhist monks
were sent across India and other countries, like Afghanistan, Syria,
Persia, Greece, Italy, Thailand, Vietnam, Nepal, Bhutan, Mongolia,
China, Cambodia, Laos, and Burma, to spread Buddhism.
Major Battles
He attacked Kalinga in 261 BC to further extend his Empire and
conquered it successfully, only to be shocked to see the massive
destruction caused in terms of both property and human lives.
Achievements
He is said to have built 84,000 stupas to store the relics of
Buddha and also as places of meditation, across South Asia and Central
Asia for Buddhist monks.
His âAshoka Chakraâ or âthe wheel of
righteousnessâ, widely inscribed on many relics of the Mauryan Emperor
(most prominent among them is the Lion Capital of Sarnath and The Ashoka
Pillar), was adopted into the Indian flag.
The pillar edicts
or Ashokstambha, measuring 40 to 50 feet high, were erected in all
places bordering the Mauryan Empire, reaching as far as Nepal, Pakistan
and Afghanistan, although only ten of them survive to date.
He administered the construction of a sculpture of four lions standing
back to back, known as the Lion Capital of Ashoka, atop the Ashoka
pillar at Sarnath (Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh). It is the national emblem
of India.
The Lion Capital can be found at the Sarnath
Museum, while the Ashoka pillar, also called Ashoka column, is still
intact at its original location.
He oversaw the construction
of âviharasâ or intellectual hubs â Nalanda University and Taxila
University, stupas â Dhamek stupa, Bharhut stupa, Sannati stupa, Butkara
stupa, Barabar Caves, Mahabodhi Temple, and Sanchi.
Personal Life & Legacy
While on exile in Kalinga for two years to escape his brothersâ
enmity, he met and fell in love with its princess, Kaurwaki, as a
commoner, both unaware of each otherâs real identities. The two later
married secretly.
While being treated for his injuries at
Ujjain, he met Vidisa Mahadevi Sakya Kumari (Devi), from Vidisha, whom
he later married. The couple had two children â son Mahendra and
daughter Sanghamitra.
Apart from Kaurwaki and Devi, he is
believed to have had many other wives too. Padmavati, Tishyaraksha and
Asandhimitra were some of them, with whom he had several children.
His children, Mahendra and Sanghamitra, played a major role in
establishing and spreading Buddhism in Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka).
Even though he motivated his people to follow Buddhist values and
principles, he permitted the practice of other religions as well, such
as Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Ajivikaism, and Greek polytheism, in his
empire.
He died in 232 BC, aged 72, as a stable and merciful king who cared for his people.

Savitribai Phule: Her humble character continues
to be printed in every text-book of Maharashtra, her revolutionary
reforms are remembered in every nook and corner of the country,
Savitribai Phule was a woman who strived against the odds. She had been
mocked, thrown eggs at, tomatoes and even stones by orthodox men but her
zeal to continue teaching girls never faded. She protested against âsatiâ,
sheltered orphaned children, embraced the untouchables, raised the bar
for womenâs self-esteem and confidence, and campaigned against many
social ill-practices; a true redeemer. After the demise of her husband
Jotirao, it was Savitribai who took over responsibility of the Satya Shodhak Samaj,
a group which aimed to liberate social ideologies with regard to
untouchables and which was founded by Jotirao himself. She broke all
odds by being the first woman in Indian history to light up her
husbandâs pyre. Savitribai Phule continues to remain an inspiration to
us all.
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/narayana-guru-9827.php
Nick Name: Nanu
Nationality: Indian
Famous:
Social Reformers
Spiritual & Religious Leaders
Died At Age: 72
Sun Sign: Leo
Also Known As: Shree Narayana Guru Swami
Born Country: India
Born in: Chempazhanthy, Thiruvananthapuram, India
Famous as: Spiritual Leader, Social Reformer
father: Madan Asan
mother: Kuttiyamma
Died on: September 20, 1928
place of death: Sivagiri, Kerala, India
Founder/Co-Founder: Alwaye Advaita Ashram
Narayana Guru, also known
as Shree Narayana Guru Swami, was a spiritual leader, saint and social
reformer from Kerala, India. He belonged to the Ezhava community
considered as ‘Avarna’ or belonging to the lower caste. He was a social
reformer and led a movement to end the injustices prevalent in the Hindu
caste-ridden society in Kerala. He believed in spiritualism, social
equality, freedom, and brotherhood. He dedicated his entire life to
promoting spiritual enlightenment. He is venerated as a saint and âGuruâ
for his profound Vedic knowledge, poetic excellence, and his teachings
of tolerance and non-violence, which impacted a large population in
India as well as abroad. He was instrumental in laying the groundwork
for social and spiritual reform in Kerala. He believed that spiritual
and social growth could be attained by education and establishment of
learning centers. Thus, he built several temples, schools, and education
centers for the underprivileged. He dismissed the ‘Chaturvarna’ and the
beliefs attached to it. Many years after his death, he was commemorated
on an Indian postage stamp by the Indian government. The Sri Lankan
government also issued a commemorative stamp in his honor.

Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered âMain Bharat Baudhmay karunga.â (I will make India Buddhist)
Nationality: Indian
Famous:
Quotes By B. R. Ambedkar
Humanitarian
Died At Age: 65
Sun Sign: Aries
Also Known As: Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Babasaheb Ambedkar
Born Country: India
Born in: Dr. Ambedkar Nagar
Famous as: Indian Jurist
Spouse/Ex-: Ramabai Ambedkar (m. 1906â1935), Savita Ambedkar (m. 1948â1956)
father: Ramji Maloji Sakpa
mother: Bhimabai Sakpal
children: Bhaiyasaheb Ambedkar
Died on: December 6, 1956
place of death: Delhi
Founder/Co-Founder: Buddhist Society of India, Independent Labour Party, Scheduled Castes Federation, Samata Sainik Dal
B.R. Ambedkar was a
leading activist and social reformer who dedicated his life, working for
the upliftment of the Dalits (the untouchables) and the socially
backward class of India. A messiah for the downtrodden, Ambedkar
continuously fought for the eradication of caste discrimination that had
fragmented the Indian society. Born in a socially backward family,
Ambedkar was the victim of caste discrimination, inequality, and
prejudice. However, fighting against all odds, he received higher
education, becoming the first ever untouchable to do so. After
completing his studies, he launched himself politically, fighting for
the rights of the depressed class and against the inequality practiced
in the society. He was a crusader of social equality and justice.
Academically trained as a jurist, he went on to become the first law
minister of free India and the framer or chief architect of the
âConstitution of India.â In his later years, he acted as a revivalist of
Buddhism in India. He converted to Buddhism, freeing himself of the
perils of caste differences and unfairness practiced by the Hindus.



Image Credit: ÃïÂŋÂŊïÂŋÂŊ BCCL
One of the greatest personalities ever born in India, Ambedkar was a
jurist, political leader, philosopher, anthropologist, historian,
revolutionary, writer and much more. He was a revolutionary leader and
held forth on his views even if they went against the popular grain. He
also revived Buddhism in India, a legacy still seen in Dalit
communities, whoâs cause Ambedkar championed throughout his life.
Ambedkar is also known as the Father of the Indian Constitution, on
behalf of which the nation celebrated Republic Day.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dalits
List of SC/STs
Following is a list of SC/ST people organised by profession, field, or focus.
Inspirational Leader
Kanshi Ram, Founder of Bahujan Samaj Party
Academics
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanshi_Ram
www.bamcef.info/manyawar-shri-kanshiram-ji.php
B. R. Ambedkar, jurist, economist, politician and social reformer
Early life
Kanshi Ram was born on 15 March 1934 in Ropar district, Punjab, British
India. Some sources say his birthplace was the village of Pirthipur
Bunga and others that it was Khawaspur village. Although his family were
Ramdasia Sikhs, an untouchable sect, in Punjab at that time there was
relatively little stigma attached to being an untouchable.
After studies at various local schools, Ram graduated in 1956 with a BSc degree from Government College Ropar.
Career
Kanshi Ram joined the offices of the Explosive Research and Development
Laboratory in Pune[5] under the governmentâs scheme of positive
discrimination. It was at this time that he first experienced caste
discrimination and in 1964 he became an activist. Those who admire him
claim that he was spurred to this after reading B. R. Ambedkarâs book
Annihilation of Caste and witnessing what he perceived to be
discrimination against a SC/ST employee who wished to observe a holiday
celebrating Ambedkarâs birth.
Ram initially supported the
Republican Party of India (RPI) but became disillusioned with its
co-operation with the Indian National Congress. In 1971, he founded the
All India SC, ST, OBC and Minority Employees Association and in 1978
this became BAMCEF, an organisation that aimed to persuade educated
members of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backwards
Classes and Minorities to support Ambedkarite principles. BAMCEF was
neither a political nor a religious body and it also had no aims to
agitate for its purpose. Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to âthe
class among the Dalits that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identitiesâ.
Later, in 1981,
Ram formed another social organisation known as SC/ST Shoshit Samaj
Sangharsh Samiti (DSSSS, or DS4). He started his attempt of
consolidating the Dalit vote and in 1984 he founded the Bahujan Samaj
Party (BSP). He fought his first election in 1984 from Janjgir-Champa
seat in Chhattisgarh. The BSP found success in Uttar Pradesh, initially
struggled to bridge the divide between Dalits and Other Backward
Classes[15] but later under leadership of Mayawati bridged this gap.
In 1982 he wrote his book The Chamcha Age (an Era of the Stooges) and
in it he used of the term chamcha (stooge) for SC/ST leaders who for
their selfish motives work for parties like the Indian National Congress
(INC) such as Jagjivan Ram or Ram Vilas Paswan and for Bharatiya Janata
Party (BJP) keeping in ethical context with Ambedkarâs book What
Gandhi and the Congress Have Done to the Untouchables to the politics of
Dalit liberation.[citation needed]
However, it was in 1986 when
he declared his transition from a social worker to a politician by
stating that he was not going to work for/with any other organization
other than the BSP. During the meetings and seminars of the party, Ram
stated to ruling classes that if they promised to do something, it would
pay to keep the promise, or else just accept that they were not capable
of fulfilling their promises.[citation needed]
After forming BSP
Ram said the party would fight first election to lose, next to get
noticed and the third election to win.[18] In 1988 he contested
Allahabad seat up against a future Prime Minister V. P. Singh and
performed impressively but lost polling close to 70,000 votes.
He
unsuccessfully contested from East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency) in
1989 and came at fourth position. Then he represented the 11th Lok Sabha
from Hoshiarpur,[20] Kanshiram was also elected as member of Lok Sabha
from Etawah in Uttar Pradesh. In 2001 he publicly announced Mayawati as
his successor.
In the late 1990s, Ram described the BJP as the
most corrupt (mahabrasht) party in India and the INC, Samajwadi Party
and Janata Dal as equally corrupt.
Proposed conversion to Buddhism
In 2002, Ram announced his intention to convert to Buddhism on 14
October 2006, the 50th anniversary of Ambedkarâs conversion. He intended
for 20,000,000 of his supporters to convert at the same time. Part of
the significance of this plan was that Ramâs followers include not only
untouchables, but persons from a variety of castes, who could
significantly broaden Buddhismâs support. However, he died on 9 October
2006.
Mayawati his successor said âSaheb Kanshi Ram and I had
decided that we will convert and adopt Buddhism when we will get
âabsolute majorityâ at the Centre. We wanted to do this because we can
make a difference to the religion by taking along with us millions of
people. If we convert without power then only we too will be converting.
But when you have power you can really create a stirâ.Death
Saheb was a diabetic. He suffered a heart attack in 1994, an arterial
clot in his brain in 1995, and a paralytic stroke in 2003.[25] He died
in New Delhi on 9 October 2006 of a severe heart attack at the age of
72. He had been virtually bed-ridden for more than two years. According
to his wishes, his funeral rites were performed according to Buddhist
tradition, with Mayawati lighting the pyre.His ashes were placed in an
urn and kept at Prerna Sthal, where many people paid their respects.
In his condolence message, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
described Ram as âone of the greatest social reformers of our time ..
his political ideas and movements had a significant impact on our
political evolution âĻ He had a larger understanding of social change and
was able to unite various underprivileged sections of our society and
provide a political platform where their voices would be heard.â Under
Ramâs leadership, the BSP won 14 parliamentary seats in the 1999 federal
elections.
Bahujan Samaj PartyMayawatiBAMCEF
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAMCEF
BAMCEF
BAMCEF is an Indian charitable organization. It was founded in 1978 to
enlist the aid of the comparatively well-educated among the bahujans and
other communities of India who suffer discrimination. It has no
political or religious agenda, nor does it promote agitation to achieve
its goals.[6] BAMCEF is an acronym for âThe All India Backward and
Minority Communities Employees Federationâ. The term backward got its
significance from the Constitution of India, which divides the oppressed
and exploited Indians into categories on the basis of their
backwardness, namely: Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST),
Other Backward Classes (OBC) and Minority Communities.
BAMCEF
The All India Backward And Minority Communities Employees Federation
Formation
6 December 1978 (39 years ago)
Founder
Kanshi Ram
Founded at
BAMCEF Convention at New Delhi
Type
Social organization of educated employees[1]
Legal status
Active
Members
2 million[2]
President
Waman Meshram (Bharat Mukti Morcha faction[3])
B. D. Borkar (Mulnivasi Sangh faction[4][5])
Website
www.bamcef.info
www.bamcef.org.in
www.bamcef.co.in
bamcefmission.com
The origins of BAMCEF lie in an organisation for employees of repressed
communities that was established in 1971 by Kanshi Ram.[6] This became
BAMCEF at a convention held in Delhi in 1978, with an official launch on
6 December 1978, the anniversary of the death of B. R. Ambedkar.[7] The
ideology of BAMCEF is to fight the entrenched system of inequality that
divides Indian society, and to abolish the caste system.
History
As an employee of the Defence Research and Development Laboratory in
Pune, Kanshi Ram realized that the formation of a bahujan bureaucracy
was important to serve Dalitsâ interests. He set about forming a
federation, through which he worked his way up the bureaucratic
hierarchy. By identifying a few zealous officers, he was able to
influence lower-ranked staff.
The motto of this organisation was
âPayback to societyâ, to inspire the Dalit bureaucrats to do their bit
for the Dalit masses. In this way, a continuous supply of intellectual
property, money and talent was ensured. Ram did not want to make BAMCEF
an employeesâ union. He wanted it to become an organisation of educated
Bahujan employees: âthe think tank, talent bank, and financial bank of
the Bahujan samajâ.
BAMCEF raised funds to promote their agenda
and for training.Kanshi Ram appointed state-level conveners as well as
mandal conveners to act as links between state and district levels.[10]
Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to âthe class among the indigenous
moolnivasi bahujans that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identitiesâ.
Others established
the Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti (DS4) in 1981. This
organization made an impact on people in North and South India. Later,
this group was led by Ishaan Singh Tomar. Before the formation of the
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), DS4 entered local elections in Delhi and
Haryana in the name of âLimited Political Actionâ. Later on, Ram
dissolved DS4 and formed BSP as a completely political wing.[12] This
caused strain within BAMCEF ranks.
In early 1986, BAMCEF split.
Kanshi Ram announced that he was no longer willing to work for any
organisation other than BSP. One element of BAMCEF, which was associated
with Kanshi Ram, became a shadow organisation to help BSP in electoral
mobilisation. Those remaining in BAMCEF after Ramâs departure registered
BAMCEF as an independent non-political organisation in 1987.
Khaparde was national president of BAMCEF from 1987 until his death on
29 February 2000. His successor was Waman Chindhuji Meshram.
Narendra Jadhav, Indian economist, writer and educationist
Gopal Baba WalangkarGrace Banu, Scheduled Caste and transgender
activist; first transgender in state of Tamil Nadu be admitted to an
engineering college
Nagraj Manjule, Marathi director
Pa.Ranjith,Flim writer,Director
Governance
Non-Inspirational Mis-LeaderRamnath Kovind,President of IndiaK. R. Narayanan, former President of IndiaInspirational Leader
Mayawati, Four time Chief Minister of Uttar PradeshAshok Tanwar,
President of Haryana Congress, former Member of
ParliamentNon-Inspirational Mis-LeaderRam Vilas Paswan, President of the
Lok Janshakti Party, eight time member of Lok Sabha
B. Shyam
Sunder, Founder of Bharatiya Bhim SenaDamodaram Sanjivayya, First
Scheduled Caste Chief Minister of an Indian state(Andhra Pradesh),
first SC President of Indian National Congress party(1962)Jagjivan Ram
(1908â1986), First Labour Minister of Independent India, former Deputy
Prime Minister of IndiaJignesh Mevani, Independent MLA from Vadgam
Gujarat, youth movement leader and activistMeira Kumar, First woman
Speaker of the Lok Sabha (2009-2014), Daughter of Jagjivan Ram.Jogendra
Nath Mandal, was one of the central and leading Founding Fathers of
modern state of Pakistan, and legislator serving as countryâs first
minister of law and labour, and also was second minister of commonwealth
and Kashmir affairs.Krishna Kumari Kohli, Member of Pakistan SenatRam
Lal Rahi, Minister of State for Home Affairs and Four times MP from
Mishrikh in Sitapur district.
Literature
Madara
Chennaiah, the first poet in the history of Vachana literature who was a
cobbler.Namdeo Dhasal, Marathi poet and writer from
Maharashtra.Military
Immanuvel DevendrarMadurai Veeran, a folk hero of Arunthathiyar origin.
Music
Sumeet SamosGinni MahiAmar Singh ChamkilaKanth Kaler
Religion and reform
Gallela Prasad, the fourth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of
Cuddapah, in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.Marampudi Joji, the
third Archbishop of Hyderabad.Rettamalai Srinivasan, SC/ST Activist,
politician, freedom fighter and founder of Paraiyar Mahajana
SabhaAyyankali, social reformerGiani Ditt Singh, Started Singh Sabha
Movement to bring SC/STs of Punjab to sikh-fold.Bhagu, a devotee of
KrishnaMangu Ram Mugowalia, started Ad-Dharmi movementRavidas, mystic
poet-saInt of the bhakti movementIyothee Thass, a prominent anti-caste
activist and a practitioner of Siddha medicine, a publisher, and writer
in Tamil, who is regarded as a pioneer of the Buddhist movement in the
Tamil region in the early twentieth century.
Sports
Vithal Palwankar, Cricketer
Kanshi Ram (15 March 1934 â 9 October 2006), also known as Bahujan
Nayak or Saheb, was an Indian politician and social reformer who worked
for the upliftment and political mobilisation of the Bahujans, the
untouchable groups at the bottom of the caste system in India. Towards
this end, Kanshi Ram founded SC/ST Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti
(DS-4), the All India Backward and Minority Communities Employeesâ
Federation (BAMCEF) in 1971 and the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) in 1984.
He ceded leadership of the BSP to his protÊgÊ Mayawati who has served
four terms as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.
Kanshi Ram
Founder and National president of the Bahujan Samaj Party
In office
14 April 1984 â 18 September 2003
Succeeded by
Mayawati
Member of the Indian Parliament
for Hoshiarpur
In office
1996â1998
Preceded by
Kamal Chaudhry
Succeeded by
Kamal Chaudhry
Member of the Indian Parliament
for Etawah
In office
1991â1996
Preceded by
Ram Singh Shakya
Succeeded by
Ram Singh Shakya
Personal details
Born
15 March 1934
Rupnagar district, Punjab Province, British India
Died
9 October 2006 (aged 72)
New Delhi
Political party
Bahujan Samaj Party
www.bamcef.info/manyawar-shri-kanshiram-ji.php
Early life
Kanshi Ram was born on 15 March 1934 in Ropar district, Punjab, British
India. Some sources say his birthplace was the village of Pirthipur
Bunga and others that it was Khawaspur village. Although his family were
Ramdasia Sikhs, an untouchable sect, in Punjab at that time there was
relatively little stigma attached to being an untouchable.
After studies at various local schools, Ram graduated in 1956 with a BSc degree from Government College Ropar.
Career
Kanshi Ram joined the offices of the Explosive Research and Development
Laboratory in Pune[5] under the governmentâs scheme of positive
discrimination. It was at this time that he first experienced caste
discrimination and in 1964 he became an activist. Those who admire him
claim that he was spurred to this after reading B. R. Ambedkarâs book
Annihilation of Caste and witnessing what he perceived to be
discrimination against a SC/ST employee who wished to observe a holiday
celebrating Ambedkarâs birth.
Ram initially supported the
Republican Party of India (RPI) but became disillusioned with its
co-operation with the Indian National Congress. In 1971, he founded the
All India SC, ST, OBC and Minority Employees Association and in 1978
this became BAMCEF, an organisation that aimed to persuade educated
members of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backwards
Classes and Minorities to support Ambedkarite principles. BAMCEF was
neither a political nor a religious body and it also had no aims to
agitate for its purpose. Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to âthe
class among the Dalits that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identitiesâ.
Later, in 1981,
Ram formed another social organisation known as SC/ST Shoshit Samaj
Sangharsh Samiti (DSSSS, or DS4). He started his attempt of
consolidating the Dalit vote and in 1984 he founded the Bahujan Samaj
Party (BSP). He fought his first election in 1984 from Janjgir-Champa
seat in Chhattisgarh. The BSP found success in Uttar Pradesh, initially
struggled to bridge the divide between Dalits and Other Backward
Classes[15] but later under leadership of Mayawati bridged this gap.
In 1982 he wrote his book The Chamcha Age (an Era of the Stooges) and
in it he used of the term chamcha (stooge) for SC/ST leaders who for
their selfish motives work for parties like the Indian National Congress
(INC) such as Jagjivan Ram or Ram Vilas Paswan and for Bharatiya Janata
Party (BJP) keeping in ethical context with Ambedkarâs book What
Gandhi and the Congress Have Done to the Untouchables to the politics of
Dalit liberation.[citation needed]
However, it was in 1986 when
he declared his transition from a social worker to a politician by
stating that he was not going to work for/with any other organization
other than the BSP. During the meetings and seminars of the party, Ram
stated to ruling classes that if they promised to do something, it would
pay to keep the promise, or else just accept that they were not capable
of fulfilling their promises.[citation needed]
After forming BSP
Ram said the party would fight first election to lose, next to get
noticed and the third election to win.[18] In 1988 he contested
Allahabad seat up against a future Prime Minister V. P. Singh and
performed impressively but lost polling close to 70,000 votes.
He
unsuccessfully contested from East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency) in
1989 and came at fourth position. Then he represented the 11th Lok Sabha
from Hoshiarpur,[20] Kanshiram was also elected as member of Lok Sabha
from Etawah in Uttar Pradesh. In 2001 he publicly announced Mayawati as
his successor.
In the late 1990s, Ram described the BJP as the
most corrupt (mahabrasht) party in India and the INC, Samajwadi Party
and Janata Dal as equally corrupt.
Proposed conversion to Buddhism
In 2002, Ram announced his intention to convert to Buddhism on 14
October 2006, the 50th anniversary of Ambedkarâs conversion. He intended
for 20,000,000 of his supporters to convert at the same time. Part of
the significance of this plan was that Ramâs followers include not only
untouchables, but persons from a variety of castes, who could
significantly broaden Buddhismâs support. However, he died on 9 October
2006.
Mayawati his successor said âSaheb Kanshi Ram and I had
decided that we will convert and adopt Buddhism when we will get
âabsolute majorityâ at the Centre. We wanted to do this because we can
make a difference to the religion by taking along with us millions of
people. If we convert without power then only we too will be converting.
But when you have power you can really create a stirâ.Death
Saheb was a diabetic. He suffered a heart attack in 1994, an arterial
clot in his brain in 1995, and a paralytic stroke in 2003.[25] He died
in New Delhi on 9 October 2006 of a severe heart attack at the age of
72. He had been virtually bed-ridden for more than two years. According
to his wishes, his funeral rites were performed according to Buddhist
tradition, with Mayawati lighting the pyre.His ashes were placed in an
urn and kept at Prerna Sthal, where many people paid their respects.
In his condolence message, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
described Ram as âone of the greatest social reformers of our time ..
his political ideas and movements had a significant impact on our
political evolution âĻ He had a larger understanding of social change and
was able to unite various underprivileged sections of our society and
provide a political platform where their voices would be heard.â Under
Ramâs leadership, the BSP won 14 parliamentary seats in the 1999 federal
elections.
Bahujan Samaj PartyMayawatiBAMCEF
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAMCEF
BAMCEF
BAMCEF is an Indian charitable organization. It was founded in 1978 to
enlist the aid of the comparatively well-educated among the bahujans and
other communities of India who suffer discrimination. It has no
political or religious agenda, nor does it promote agitation to achieve
its goals.[6] BAMCEF is an acronym for âThe All India Backward and
Minority Communities Employees Federationâ. The term backward got its
significance from the Constitution of India, which divides the oppressed
and exploited Indians into categories on the basis of their
backwardness, namely: Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST),
Other Backward Classes (OBC) and Minority Communities.
BAMCEF
The All India Backward And Minority Communities Employees Federation
Formation
6 December 1978 (39 years ago)
Founder
Kanshi Ram
Founded at
BAMCEF Convention at New Delhi
Type
Social organization of educated employees[1]
Legal status
Active
Members
2 million[2]
President
Waman Meshram (Bharat Mukti Morcha faction[3])
B. D. Borkar (Mulnivasi Sangh faction[4][5])
Website
www.bamcef.info
www.bamcef.org.in
www.bamcef.co.in
bamcefmission.com
The origins of BAMCEF lie in an organisation for employees of repressed
communities that was established in 1971 by Kanshi Ram.[6] This became
BAMCEF at a convention held in Delhi in 1978, with an official launch on
6 December 1978, the anniversary of the death of B. R. Ambedkar.[7] The
ideology of BAMCEF is to fight the entrenched system of inequality that
divides Indian society, and to abolish the caste system.
History
As an employee of the Defence Research and Development Laboratory in
Pune, Kanshi Ram realized that the formation of a bahujan bureaucracy
was important to serve Dalitsâ interests. He set about forming a
federation, through which he worked his way up the bureaucratic
hierarchy. By identifying a few zealous officers, he was able to
influence lower-ranked staff.
The motto of this organisation was
âPayback to societyâ, to inspire the Dalit bureaucrats to do their bit
for the Dalit masses. In this way, a continuous supply of intellectual
property, money and talent was ensured. Ram did not want to make BAMCEF
an employeesâ union. He wanted it to become an organisation of educated
Bahujan employees: âthe think tank, talent bank, and financial bank of
the Bahujan samajâ.
BAMCEF raised funds to promote their agenda
and for training.Kanshi Ram appointed state-level conveners as well as
mandal conveners to act as links between state and district levels.[10]
Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to âthe class among the indigenous
moolnivasi bahujans that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identitiesâ.
Others established
the Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti (DS4) in 1981. This
organization made an impact on people in North and South India. Later,
this group was led by Ishaan Singh Tomar. Before the formation of the
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), DS4 entered local elections in Delhi and
Haryana in the name of âLimited Political Actionâ. Later on, Ram
dissolved DS4 and formed BSP as a completely political wing.[12] This
caused strain within BAMCEF ranks.
In early 1986, BAMCEF split.
Kanshi Ram announced that he was no longer willing to work for any
organisation other than BSP. One element of BAMCEF, which was associated
with Kanshi Ram, became a shadow organisation to help BSP in electoral
mobilisation. Those remaining in BAMCEF after Ramâs departure registered
BAMCEF as an independent non-political organisation in 1987.
Khaparde was national president of BAMCEF from 1987 until his death on
29 February 2000. His successor was Waman Chindhuji Meshram.
Narendra Jadhav, Indian economist, writer and educationist
B. R. Ambedkar, jurist, economist, politician and social reformer
Gopal Baba WalangkarGrace Banu, Scheduled Caste and transgender
activist; first transgender in state of Tamil Nadu be admitted to an
engineering college
Nagraj Manjule, Marathi director
Pa.Ranjith,Flim writer,Director
Governance
Non-Inspirational Mis-LeaderRamnath Kovind,President of India K. R. Narayanan, former President of IndiaIns
pirational Leader
Mayawati, Four time Chief Minister of Uttar PradeshAshok Tanwar, President of Haryana Congress, former Member of Parliament
Non-Inspirational Mis-Leader
Ram Vilas Paswan, President of the Lok Janshakti Party, eight time member of Lok Sabha
B. Shyam Sunder, Founder of Bharatiya Bhim Sena
Damodaram Sanjivayya, First Scheduled Caste Chief Minister of an
Indian state(Andhra Pradesh), first SC President of Indian National
Congress party(1962)
Jagjivan Ram (1908â1986), First Labour
Minister of Independent India, former Deputy Prime Minister of
IndiaJignesh Mevani, Independent MLA from Vadgam Gujarat, youth movement
leader and activist
Meira Kumar, First woman Speaker of the Lok
Sabha (2009-2014), Daughter of Jagjivan Ram.Jogendra Nath Mandal, was
one of the central and leading Founding Fathers of modern state of
Pakistan, and legislator serving as countryâs first minister of law and
labour, and also was second minister of commonwealth and Kashmir
affairs.Krishna Kumari Kohli, Member of Pakistan SenatRam Lal Rahi,
Minister of State for Home Affairs and Four times MP from Mishrikh in
Sitapur district.
Literature
Madara Chennaiah, the first
poet in the history of Vachana literature who was a cobbler.Namdeo
Dhasal, Marathi poet and writer from Maharashtra.Military
Immanuvel Devendrar
Madurai Veeran, a folk hero of Arunthathiyar origin.
Music
Sumeet Samos
Ginni Mahi
Amar Singh ChamkilaKanth Kaler
Religion and reform
Gallela Prasad, the fourth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cuddapah, in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.
Marampudi Joji, the third Archbishop of Hyderabad.
Rettamalai Srinivasan, SC/ST Activist, politician, freedom fighter and
founder of Paraiyar Mahajana SabhaAyyankali, social reformer
Giani Ditt Singh, Started Singh Sabha Movement to bring SC/STs of Punjab to sikh-fold.
Bhagu, a devotee of Krishnakant Chouriya
Mangu Ram Mugowalia, started Ad-Dharmi movement
Ravidas, mystic poet-saInt of the bhakti movement
Iyothee Thass, a prominent anti-caste activist and a practitioner of
Siddha medicine, a publisher, and writer in Tamil, who is regarded as a
pioneer of the Buddhist movement in the Tamil region in the early
twentieth century.
Sports
Vithal Palwankar, Cricketer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayawati
Mayawati, Four time Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
“Mayavati” redirects here. For the figure in Hinduism, daughter-in-law of Krishna, see Rati.
President of the Bahujan Samaj Party
Incumbent
Assumed office
18 September 2003
Preceded by Kanshi Ram
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
In office
3 April 2012 â 20 July 2017 (Resigned)
Succeeded by Anil Agrawal, BJP
Constituency Uttar Pradesh
17th Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
In office
3 June 1995 â 18 October 1995
Preceded by Mulayam Singh Yadav
Succeeded by President’s rule
Constituency Harora
In office
21 March 1997 â 21 September 1997
Preceded by President’s rule
Succeeded by Kalyan Singh
Constituency Harora
In office
3 May 2002 â 29 August 2003
Preceded by President’s rule
Succeeded by Mulayam Singh Yadav
In office
13 May 2007 â 15 March 2012
Preceded by Mulayam Singh Yadav
Succeeded by Akhilesh Yadav
Personal details
Born Mayawati Prabhu Das
15 January 1956 (age 64)
New Delhi, India
Political party Bahujan Samaj Party
Residence Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Alma mater
Kalindi College, University of Delhi
Meerut University
Occupation Politician
Mayawati (born 15 January 1956) is an Indian politician.[1] She has
served four separate terms as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. She is
the national president of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), which focuses
on a platform of social change for Bahujans, more commonly known as
Other Backward Classes, Muslim, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
She was Chief Minister briefly in 2000 and again in 2005, then from 2002
to 2003 and from 2007 to 2012.
Mayawati’s rise from humble
beginnings has been called a “miracle of democracy” by P. V. Narasimha
Rao, former Prime Minister of India.[2] In 1993 Kanshi Ram formed a
coalition with the Samajwadi Party and Mayawati became the Chief
Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1995. She was the first female Scheduled
Caste Chief Minister in India. In 1997 and in 2002 she was Chief
Minister with outside support from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the
second time only for a year up to 26 August 2003 due to BJP withdrawing
support.[3]
Mayawati’s tenure has attracted praise and
criticism. Millions of Dalits view her as an icon, and refer to her as
Behen-ji (sister), She has been praised for her fundraising efforts on
behalf of her party and her birthdays have been widely celebrated by her
supporters. The rise in her personal wealth and that of her party have
been criticised as indicative of corruption.[4]
After losing the
2012 legislative assembly elections to the rival Samajwadi Party, she
resigned from her post as party leader on 7 March 2012. Later that
month, she was elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Indian
parliament.
Early life and education
Mayawati was born on 15
January 1956 at Shrimati Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi to a
Dalit family.[5][6] Her father, Prabhu Das, was a post office employee
at Badalpur, Gautam Buddha Nagar.[1] The sons in the family were sent to
private schools, while the daughters went to “low-performing government
schools”.[7]
Mayawati studied for her B.A. in 1975 at the
Kalindi College, University of Delhi and later obtained her LLB from
University of Delhi. She completed a B.Ed. from Meerut University’s VMLG
College, Ghaziabad, in 1976.[1] She was working as a teacher in
Inderpuri JJ Colony, Delhi, and studying for the Indian Administrative
Services exams, when Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes politician
Kanshi Ram visited her family home in 1977. According to biographer Ajoy
Bose, Ram told her: “I can make you such a big leader one day that not
one but a whole row of IAS officers will line up for your orders.”[7] In
1983, Mayawati was awarded her LL.B from University of Delhi. Kanshi
Ram included her as a member of his team when he founded the Bahujan
Samaj Party (BSP) in 1984.[8] Mayawati was first elected to Parliament
in 1989.[9]
Early political career
Kanshi Ram founded the BSP
in 1984. Influenced by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the chief architect of the
Constitution of India, the party’s primary focus is to improve the
situation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and other
disadvantaged groups through policy reform, affirmative action on hiring
of members of scheduled castes for government posts, and providing
rural development programmes.[8] Reservation in India is a system
whereby a percentage of government positions and seats at universities
are reserved for persons of backward classes and scheduled castes and
tribes. Throughout her political career, Mayawati supported reservation
in both government and private sectors for backward classes, with an
increase in quotas and inclusion of more communities such as religious
minorities and economically weak upper castes.[10][11][12][13][14] In
August 2012 a bill was cleared that starts the process of amending the
constitution so that the reservation system can be expanded to
promotions in state jobs.[15] Mayawati’s career has been called a
“miracle of democracy” by former Prime Minister of India P. V. Narasimha
Rao.[2] Millions of Dalit supporters view her as an icon and refer to
her as “Behen-ji” (sister).[16] Her public meetings have been attended
by large audiences, who use slogans such as “Kanshi Ram ka mission
Adhoora; karegi Behen Mayawati poora” (Kanshi Ram’s unfulfilled mission
will be completed by Mayawati) and “Behenji tum sangharsh karo; hum
tumhare saath hain” (Sister, go ahead with your struggle; we are with
you).[17]
In its first election campaign in 1984, BSP fielded
Mayawati for the Lok Sabha (Lower House) seat of Kairana in the
Muzaffarnagar district, for Bijnor in 1985, and for Haridwar in 1987. In
1989 she was elected as the representative for Bijnor, with 183,189
votes, winning by 8,879 votes.[18][19] Although BSP did not win control
of the house, the electoral experience led to considerable activity for
Mayawati over the next five years, as she worked with Mahsood Ahmed and
other organisers. The party won three seats in the 1989 national
election[20] and two seats 1991.[21]
Mayawati was first elected
to the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in 1994.[1] In
1995 she became, as head of her party, Chief Minister in a short-lived
coalition government, the youngest Chief Minister in the history of the
state up until that point, and the first female Dalit Chief Minister in
India.[16][22] She won election to the Lok Sabha in two different
constituencies in 1996 and chose to serve for Harora.[1] She became
Chief Minister again for a short period in 1997 and then from 2002 to
2003 in coalition with the Bharatiya Janata Party. In 2001 Ram named her
as his successor to the party leadership.[9]
BSP presidentship
On 15 December 2001, in an address during a rally in Lucknow, Kanshi
Ram named Mayawati as his successor.[23] She was elected national
president of the BSP for her first term on 18 September 2003.[24] She
was elected unopposed for a second consecutive term on 27 August
2006,[25], for a third term on 30 August 2014[26] and for fourth term on
28 August 2019.[27]
Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
As the
Chief Minister, Mayawati gained a reputation for efficient
governance[28] and promoting law and order,[29][30] winning praise even
from opposition parties[31][32][33] and other
rivals.[34][35][36][37][38] In 2007, MLA Umakant Yadav of her own
political party accused in a land grabbing case, was arrested near her
dwelling on her orders.[39][40] During SeptemberâOctober 2010, at the
time of the Ayodhya verdict, her government maintained law and
order[41][42][43] and the state remained peaceful.[44] Several
high-profile criminals and mafia dons were jailed during her terms in
office.[45][46][47][48] She called for strong anti-rape laws.[49][50]
Fewer riots,[51] lowest rapes,[52] and least corruption[53][54] occurred
during her tenure as compared to previous or successive governments. In
the 2007-2012 assembly, only 124 MLAs were crorepatis as compared to
271 crorepatis in successive assembly elected in 2012.[55] Uttar Pradesh
achieved higher GDP growth rate at 17 per cent[56][57] and lesser
crimes under Mayawati regime as compared to previous and successive
governments.[58]
First term, 1995
Mayawati first served as
Chief Minister from 3 June 1995 to 18 October 1995. During this term,
the new districts of Ambedkar Nagar district and Udham Singh Nagar
district were created.[59]
Second term, 1997
Her second term
was from 21 March 1997 to 20 September 1997. A drive under her
government allotted pattas or gram sabha lands on lease to thousands of
landless residents.[60] In April 1997, she created Gautam Budh Nagar
district from the district of Ghaziabad, Kaushambi district was
separated from Allahabad district, and Jyotiba Phule Nagar district from
Moradabad district. In May 1997, Mahamaya Nagar district was created
out of Aligarh district and Banda district was split into Banda and
Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Nagar.[61] Mayawati carried out review
meetings with bureaucrats and suspended 127 officers.[62] She setup Dr
Ambedkar Awards and erected over 100 statues of various sizes of
Ambedkar in Lucknow, Kanpur, Allahabad and other key towns.[63]
Third term, 2002â03
Her third term was from 3 May 2002 to 26 August 2003. She suspended 12
IAS officers, including Divisional Commissioners and District
Magistrates. Six IPS officers were suspended for failing to maintain law
and order, while 24 officers were warned to improve.[64] She started
511 acre Gautam Buddha University.[65] She renamed King George’s Medical
University to Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University.[66] She
suspended three senior officials after review in a couple of
administrative divisions.[67]
2007 State and 2009 general election
Further information: 2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state and one of its poorest, is
considered pivotal in the politics of India because of its large number
of voters.[68][69] BSP won a majority in the 2007 Uttar Pradesh Assembly
elections, fielding candidates from a variety of castes and
religions.[70] The campaign was accompanied by a colourful slogan:
Haathi nahin, Ganesh hain, Brahma, Vishnu Mahesh Hain: “The elephant
(the BSP logo) is really the Lord Ganesha, the trinity of gods rolled
into one”.[71]
The BSP won 20 seats in Lok Sabha from the state
of Uttar Pradesh in the 2009 elections, obtaining the highest percentage
(27.42%) of votes for any political party in the state. The party
placed third in terms of national polling percentage (6.17%).[72]
Fourth term, 2007â12: BSP absolute majority
Mayawati was sworn in as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh for the fourth
time on 13 May 2007. She announced an agenda that focused on providing
social justice to the weaker sections of society and providing
employment instead of distributing money to the unemployed. Her slogan
was to make “Uttar Pradesh” (”Northern Province”) into “Uttam Pradesh”
(”Excellent Province”).[73] Her government began a major crackdown on
irregularities in the recruitment process of police officers recruited
during the previous Mulayam Singh government. Over 18,000 policemen lost
their jobs for irregularities in their hiring, and 25 Indian Police
Service officers were suspended for their involvement in corruption
while recruiting the constables.[74][75] Mayawati instituted reforms to
introduce transparency into the recruiting process, including posting
the results of selection exams online.[76]
On 10 August 2007, the
Mayawati government proposed 30 per cent reservation in jobs in the
private sector.[77] A quota for promotions was also introduced, but was
later quashed by the Supreme Court of India.[78]
In September
2007, Bhimrao Ambedkar Rural Integrated Development Programme was
started.[79] The Dr Ambedkar Gram Vikas Yojana scheme was launched for
supplying water, electricity, and constructing roads in villages with a
Dalit majority.[80][81][82] Under this scheme, 24,716 villages received
improvements.
In 2008, Mayawati launched, Manyawar Shri Kanshiram
Ji Shahri Garib Awas Yojna, a scheme for building low-cost housing
colonies for urban poor with 90,000 low-cost homes under the first round
of construction in different towns and cities across the state while a
second and a third round were still underway when government ended in
2012 and next government scrapped the scheme including cutting down
electricity of these colonies.[83]
Mayawati government started
efforts to set up solar power plants and the first 5 MW solar power
plant located in Naini of Allahabad district started functioning in
March 2012 and was developed by EMC Limited.[84] UP government signed a
MoU with NTPC Limited for 1,320-MW power plant.[85]
Mayawati’s
dream project of 165 km six lane Yamuna Expressway connected Delhi to
Agra through NoidaâGreater Noida Expressway, touching 1,182 villages in
the state.[86] Later, Indian Air Force fighter jet Dassault Mirage 2000
test-Landed on Yamuna Expressway as Part of Trials.[87] On 15 January
2008, Mayawati inaugurated the construction of the 1,047 km Ganga
Expressway at the cost of âš30,000 crore (US$4.2 billion) for joining
Ballia to Greater Noida.[88]
In November 2009, Mayawati dedicated
Noida Metro constructed at the cost of âš557 crore (US$78
million).[89][90] She had vigorously proposed for construction of Jewar
airport near Noida.[91]
In October 2011, Mayawati government
under public-private partnership with Jaypee Group successfully executed
and delivered First F1 Indian Grand Prix, an international event at
Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida constructed by Jaypee Group.
The event was hailed as flawlessly conducted salvaging some of India’s
prestige when compared to minor embarrassments in 2010 Commonwealth
Games (Before opening ceremony) conducted in Delhi.[92][93][94] Mayawati
presented the winning trophy to winner Sebastian Vettel.[95] Foreigners
found the track as ‘impressive’[96] and 3 Indian teenagers picked by a
F1 panel to train them as future Formula One drivers in Europe.[97]
Mayawati has seen through to completion of several memorials dedicated
to icons of Bahujan Samaj build first time in India, including the
Manyawar Shri Kanshiram Ji Green Eco Garden (inaugurated March
2011),[98] the Rashtriya Dalit Prerna Sthal and Green Garden
(inaugurated October 2011),[99] and the Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar Samajik
Parivartan Prateek Sthal (opened November 2012).[100] She renamed Amethi
district as Chattrapati Sahuji Maharaj Nagar[101], Kanpur Dehat as
Rambai Nagar, Sambhal as Bheem Nagar, Shamli as Prabuddha Nagar, Hapur
as Psanchseel Nagar, Kasganj as Kanshiram Nagar, Hathras as Mahamaya
Nagar and Amroha as JP Nagar.[102]
Mayawati during her tenure
directed the all the Commissioners and the District Magistrates to
distribute 3 acre land pieces or pattas to weaker sections of society by
launching special drive for illegal possesses of pattas be dispossessed
of them and the eligible poor be identified by regular monitoring of
pattas and strict action against the mafias and musclemen through spot
verification of different development and public welfare
programmes.[103]
In 2010, 5596 people belonging to the SC and ST
communities were allotted 1054.879 hectares of agriculture land. In a
special drive 74 FIRs were filed and 88 people were arrested for illegal
occupation from agricultural land.[104][105]
Sugar Information Service a model website supported by SMS and IVRS facility was developed.[106]
In 2008, Her government established Dr. Shakuntala Misra National
Rehabilitation University for the Physically challenged students.[107]
Mayawati dedicated the âš63.5 crore (US$8.9 million) 286-bed
super-specialty Centenary hospital in Lucknow and 50-bed critical care
unit at CSMMU[108] and increased salaries of doctors.[109] Mayawati, in
2007, launched[110] âš500 crore (US$70 million) Manyawar Kanshiram
Multi-speciality Hospital in Greater Noida which started its OPD
services in April 2013.[111] Mayawati government also spent âš510 crore
(US$72 million) on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Multi Speciality Hospital in Sector
30 of Noida.[112]
Her government also instituted Sant Ravidas Kala Samman Award with a cash prize of âš1.25 lakh (US$1,800).[113]
Under Savitri Bai Phule Balika Shiksha Madad Yojna, Mayawati
distributed over 10 lakh bicycles among Muslim and poor school girls
from 2008 to 2011.[114][115]
After coming to power in 2007,
Mayawati wrote letters to the Prime Minister regarding partitioning of
Uttar Pradesh into four different states in 2007, in March 2008 and
December 2009.[116][117] Finally on 15 November 2011, Mayawati’s cabinet
approved partitioning Uttar Pradesh into four different states
(Pashchim Pradesh, Awadh Pradesh, Bundelkhand and Purvanchal) for better
administration and governance.[118]
On 6 March 2012 the Bahujan
Samaj Party lost its majority to the Samajwadi Party and Mayawati
tendered her resignation to the governor of Uttar Pradesh the next
day,[119] thereby becoming the first CM to complete full five years in
office.[120] On 13 March 2012 she filed nomination papers for the Rajya
Sabha, and she was declared elected unopposed on 22 March.[121][122]
Political and legal issues
Ambedkar Memorial Park at night
Mayawati’s political career has attracted praise and
controversy.[123][124] She has been praised for her fundraising efforts
on behalf of her party, and her birthdays were major media events as
well as a symbol for her supporters. The increase in her personal wealth
and that of her party[125][4][126] have been viewed by critics as signs
of corruption.[16][127]
Taj corridor case
Main article: Taj corridor case
In 2002, the government of Uttar Pradesh began improvements of the
infrastructure in the Taj Heritage Corridor, the important tourist area
in Agra that includes the Taj Mahal. The project was soon riddled with
problems, including funds being released for the project without the
submission of the required detailed project reports to the environmental
authorities.[128] Suspecting there were financial irregularities as
well, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) raided twelve
residences, including Mayawati’s. It had filed a First Information
Report against her and seven others two days earlier.[129] The raid
uncovered evidence of assets disproportionate to her known
income.[130][131] Afterwards, Mayawati resigned from her own government
to prove that she was not “hungry for power”[132] She asked the BJP-run
Government of India to remove Union Tourism and Culture Minister,
Jagmohan[133] for conspiring this all controversy against her.[134]
In June 2007, Governor T. V. Rajeswar said that there was insufficient
evidence to prosecute her. In his 23-page order, he said: “the fact that
the Mission Management Board, consisting of officers of both the State
and the Central Government, regularly met and discussed the project and
the fact that even a sum of âš 17 crores was spent through the Central
Government public sector undertaking, NPCC, all go to show that the
serious offences with which Mayawati and the Minister were charged do
not stand scrutiny.”[135] Advocates unsuccessfully challenged the
governor’s decision in court. The Supreme Court rejected the plea of the
CBI and refused to direct the governor to prosecute her. The Taj
corridor case was effectively ended before going to
trial.[136][137][138]
Disproportionate assets case
In the
2007â08 assessment year, Mayawati paid an income tax of âš 26 crore,
ranking among the top 20 taxpayers in the country. Earlier the CBI filed
a case against her for owning assets disproportionate to her known
sources of income. Mayawati described the CBI investigation against her
as illegal.[139] Her party asserted that her income comes from gifts and
small contributions made by party workers and supporters.[140][141]
On 3 August 2011 the Delhi High court dismissed the central
government’s appeal against Mayawati, stating that “she has fully
discharged her obligations by disclosing the identities of all of her
donors, the gifts had been donated by her supporters”.[142] The central
government decided not to file an appeal in the Supreme Court.[143] On
13 March 2012 Mayawati revealed assets worth âš 111.26 crore in an
affidavit filed with her nomination papers for the Rajya Sabha.[121] The
disproportionate assets case was finally quashed on 6 July 2012ânine
years laterâby a Supreme Court bench of Justice P Sathasivam and Dipak
Misra; the court found that the case was unwarranted.[144] Based on an
opinion received from the Directorate of Prosecution, the CBI decided
not to file an appeal.[145] On 4 October 2012 a review petition was
filed by Kamlesh Verma, contending that the case had been dismissed
merely on technical grounds, and that the evidence had not been
adequately reviewed.[146] On 8 August 2013 the Supreme Court declined a
request to re-open the case.[147] After seeking legal advice, the CBI
finally closed their file on 8 October 2013.[148]
Bahujan Monuments
In her tenures as a Chief Minister, Mayawati commissioned the
production and public display of several monuments[149] having parks,
gallerias, museums,[150] memorials, murals[151] and statues representing
Buddhist and Hindu, Dalit/OBC[152] icons like Gautama Buddha, Gadge
Maharaj, Sant Ravidas, Sant Kabir, Narayana Guru, Jyotirao Phule,
Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj, Babasaheb Ambedkar, BSP party founder Kanshi
Ram, and of herself.[153] She claims that the expenditure was required
because the past governments did not show respect towards Dalit leaders,
in whose memory nothing had ever been built.[154] She spent somewhere
between âš 25 and 60 billion rupees (about US$500 million to US$1.3
billion) on projects in five parks and at memorials such as Dr. B.R.
Ambedkar Samajik Parivartan Sthal and Manyavar Kanshiram Smarak Sthal,
built in the name of B.R. Ambedkar, Ramabai Ambedkar, and Kanshi Ram in
Lucknow between 2007 and 2009.[155][156][157] In June 2009 the Supreme
Court issued a stay against further building on the projects, until the
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) questioning these expenditures was
settled.[158] The Comptroller and Auditor General of India reported that
âš 66 crore (about US$12 million) in excessive costs had been incurred
on the construction of the memorials.[159] In February 2010 Mayawati’s
government approved a plan for a special police force to protect the
statues, as she feared that her political opponents might demolish
them.[160] In December 2010, her government received permission to
continue part of the plan, namely maintenance and completion of Ambedkar
Memorial Park.[157][158]
Despite the existing Supreme Court
stay, in October 2011 Mayawati inaugurated the Rashtriya Dalit Prerna
Sthal and Green Garden, built at a cost of âš 685 crore.[161] Since the
memorial also features her own statues, Mayawati was accused by the
Indian National Congress of wasting the taxpayers’ money.[162] The BSP
dismissed the allegations, stating that her statues were erected because
Kanshi Ram’s will requested that his statues should be constructed next
to those of the current President of BSP. Mayawati accused the Congress
of being “anti-Dalit”.[162]
In January 2012, the Election
Commission ordered that all of the statues of Mayawati as well as recent
statues of elephants ( the symbol of the Bahujan Samaj Party) should be
covered up until after February’s Uttar Pradesh
election.[158][163][164] On 26 July 2012 the statue in Lucknow was
damaged by members of a group calling themselves “Uttar Pradesh
Naunirman Sena”.[165][166][167] A replacement statue was re-installed
overnight by the Lucknow city administration.[168] Following the Lucknow
vandalism, there were similar such incidents in other parts of Uttar
Pradesh.[169]
In 2015, the Supreme Court continued hearings on
the PLI case about the statues. The BSP had still not provided evidence
about where the monies expended on such monuments came from, whether it
was all from appropriation bills passed by the legislature or also
included party funds spent for the purpose.[158]
World Bank criticism
The World Bank lent India funds for development, and Mayawati was to
manage projects with this money in UP. The projects were preplanned and
on schedule, but the Mayawati government made changes which put the
projects behind schedule, including rapidly transferring high-caste
managers in and out of rural posts.[170] The World Bank sent a letter of
complaint on 1 August 2002 to India’s central government stating, “We
have now learnt that project managers have been replaced within three
weeks of assuming office. The project coordinator of the Diversified
Agriculture Support Project has been changed twice in quick succession
and at the moment there is no project coordinator. In the forestry
project, numerous changes have been made over past six months … Such
developments do not augur well for these time-bound projects that
require consistently good leadership.”[171] Mayawati initially responded
by saying the letter was a fake and later said there had been a
misunderstanding. She then decreased the number of transfers, stopped
creating new posts, and temporarily reduced the level of government
spending on furniture and vehicles in response to the allegations. The
World Bank continued to criticise the level of corruption even after
these measures had been implemented.[170]
Personal life and public image
Statues of Mayawati (L) and Kanshi Ram (R) at Ambedkar Memorial Park
Mayawati started her political career after Kanshi Ram, the founder of
Bahujan Samaj Party, persuaded her to join the civil service and
politics.[172] Mayawati chose to remain unmarried. She is also known as
the Iron Lady Mayawati.[173][174][175]
Kanshi Ram praised
Mayawati at her 47th birthday celebrations for her fundraising
activities on behalf of the party. He stated that the party’s eventual
goal is to gain power at the national level, and that Mayawati’s efforts
had helped in that quest.[123] Her birthdays have since become major
media events at which she has appeared laden with diamonds.[16] Her
supporters have declared her birthday as Jan Kalyankari Diwas (People’s
Welfare Day). In 2009, the day was marked by the announcement of welfare
schemes targeted towards poor and downtrodden people of the state[176]
and, in 2010, by the launch of social programmes with a value of over âš
7,312 crore.[177]
In 2007-08, Mayawati paid âš26.26 crore (US$3.7
million) as income tax.[178] She was at number 20 in I-T department’s
compilation of the top 200 taxpayers’ list with names like Shah Rukh
Khan and Sachin Tendulkar.[179] Most of her income comes as “gifts” from
her faithful supporters of Bahujan Movement started by Kanshi Ram. She
paid âš15 crore (US$2.1 million) in advance tax in AprilâDecember
2007.[180]
When BSP workers garlanded Mayawati with currency
notes on the occasion of the party’s silver jubilee celebrations
coinciding with BSP founder Kanshi Ramâs birth anniversary on 15 March
2010, Indian news channels and newspapers purported to expose the event
as a âscandalâ on the presumption that the Chief Minister had publicly
committed an act of corruption that was being flaunted openly and
declaring that the garland of currency notes was made from money through
corrupt means and not from donations of Bahujan Samaj Party supporters
as Mayawati, her Ministers and supporters claimed. At Kanshi Ram’s
funeral ceremonies in 2006, Mayawati stated that both Kanshi Ram and
herself had been, and she would continue to be, observant of Buddhist
traditions and customs. She has stated her intention to formally convert
to Buddhism when the political conditions enable her to become Prime
Minister of India. Her act of performing the last rites (traditionally
done by a male heir) was an expression of their views against gender
discrimination.[181][182] When she was Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh,
she publicly called Bhikkhus to prayer.[183]
Literature about Mayawati
Literature about Mayawati includes studies and books. One of the first
works about her was journalist Mohammad Jamil Akhter’s book, Iron Lady
Kumari Mayawati.[184] Her autobiographies are Mere Sangarshmai Jeevan
Evam Bahujan Movement Ka Safarnama in three volumes in Hindi and A
Travelogue of My Struggle-ridden Life and of Bahujan Samaj, in two
volumes in English.[185] Behenji : A Political Biography of Mayawati is a
biography by veteran journalist Ajoy Bose.[7] There is news that
Bollywood will release new biopic about Mayawati, where Vidya Balan will
play lead role.[186]
Awards and recognition
In 2003,
Mayawati as the Chief Minister, was awarded with Paul Harris Fellow
Award by UNICEF, World Health Organization and Rotary International, for
her initiative in Polio eradication.[187][188] Mayawati was also
honoured with Rajarshi Shahu Award by Rajarshi Shahu Memorial
Trust.[189] In 2008, Forbes added Mayawati in the 59th place on its list
of the 100 most powerful women in the world.[190][191] She appeared in
Newsweek’s top woman achievers list in 2007.[192] In 2009 a Newsweek
article described her as the Barack Obama of India, and a potential
candidate for Prime Minister.[193] Time magazine included Mayawati in
India’s 15 Most Influential list for 2007.[194]





We,
the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and
Religious Minorities, are able to secure our rights guaranteed under the
Constitution of India due to the incessant struggle and matchless
sacrifice of Babasaheb Dr. Bheemrao Ambedkar. But the caste-prejudiced
governments did not implement these rights to the benefit of our people.
As the result, despite the provisions of Constitution, our
socio-economic condition remained worst as before. Hence, Babasaheb
advocated us to form the government on our own by getting united under
one political platform and one leadership. In this direction, he
contemplated to launch the Republican Party of India during his
life-time. But he, perhaps, did not know that he would die so early even
before he could bring his plans into action. He could not complete the
task which was later on completed by Manyawar Kanshi Ram Saheb.
Non-political
Routes: When Manyawar Kanshi Ram Saheb decided to revive the
Ambedkarite movement, the movement was almost extinct. People had almost
forgotten about the movement. Kanshi Ram Saheb made a deep study as to
the conditions which caused the failure of Ambedkarite movement. He saw
that most of the followers of Babasaheb were out of the movement. He
started probing the reasons which led to the discontinuation of the
movement followed by the death of Babasaheb Ambedkar. He, after a
thorough study, understood that the failure of Ambedkarite movement was
caused due to the lack of ânon-political routesâ among the Bahujan Samaj
and hence, he decided to strengthen the non-political routes to create
the ânon-purchasable leadershipâ. He realized that only that society
with strong non-political routes would produce the ânon-purchasableâ
missionary leaders. Thus he decided to prepare the non-political routes
of the society by preparing the educated employees and youths. Before
launching the Bahujan Samaj Party, he started the BAMCEF and DS-4 to
prepare the educated employees and youth from among the SC/ST/OBCs and
Religious Minorities. He devoted the best part of his life to strengthen
the non-political routes of Bahujan Samaj.
Tampering
of EVMs by BJP : Our failure to form our own government in other
states has helped the BJP to defeat us in Uttar Pradesh. They found that
BSP is strong only in UP and not in other states and hence they thought
that if they could finish us in UP, BSP will die a natural death in all
other states. That is how they focused their entire strength to defeat
us in UP. However, they could not win through fair means. They had to
resort to fraudulent way of tampering the electronic voting machines
(EVMs) to defeat us.BJP and company had used the EVMs in 2014 itself to
win the General Election. We thought that it was the mandate against the
scams-ridden and scandals-tainted rule of Congress. But the election
results of the five states held in March 2017 have exposed the EVM
scandal of BJP. They could not win in Punjab, Uttarkhand, Goa and
Manipur. In Goa and Manipur, Congress party got lead over the BJP. But
BJP leaders have managed the other MLAs form their governments. In
Uttarkhand, it was the internal quarrel of the Congress that gave a lead
to the BJP. In Punjab, the anti-incumbency factor of Akali Dal gave the
victory to Congress. BJP, being the partner of Akali Dal, lost the
election. In all the above four states, they did not tamper with the
EVMs and the results were on the expected lines. But in Uttar Pradesh,
nobody expected that BJP would get such a huge margin of victory. The
senior bureaucrats of UP, who are usually the first to know the results
in advance, were making preparations to welcome the BSP Government. They
were utterly surprised when the results were announced. I, seeing the
trend of results late in the morning, went to the press and exposed the
EVM fraud. Later on, we also launched nation-wide struggle against the
fraud of EVMs and legal battle to get the VVPAT incorporated with EVMs.
Thus, we are confronting the BJP at every step.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalit_Shoshit_Samaj_Sangharsh_Samiti
https://www.google.co.in/âĻ/www.collinsdicâĻ/amp/english/dalit
Definition of âDalitâ
Dalit in British
(ËdÉËlÉĒt )
noun
a member of the lowest class in India, whom those of the four main castes were formerly forbidden to touch
. Formerly called (taboo, offensive): untouchable
The foreigners from Bene Israel chitpavan brahmins
are 1st rate athmas (souls), the Kshatriya, vysias, shudras are 2nd,
3rd, 4th rate souls and the aboriginal inhabitants of
Jumbudvipa/Prabuddha Bharat as having no souls at all. So that any
atrocity can be inflicted upon them. But the Buddha never believed in
any soul. He said all are equal.
Word origin of âDalitâ
from Hindi, from Sanskrit dalita, literally: oppressed
Nearby words of âDalitâ
Dalhousie
Dali
Dalian
Dalit
Dall sheep
Dallapiccola
Dallas
All ENGLISH words that begin with âDâ
Source
Definition of Dalit from the Collins English Dictionary
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Dalit
Dalit
Also found in: Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Da¡lit (däâ˛lÄt)
n.
A member of the lowest class in traditional Indian society, falling
altogether outside the Hindu caste categories and subject to extensive
social restrictions.
[Hindi dalit, crushed, oppressed, from Sanskrit
dalita-, past passive participle of dalayati, to cause to burst,
variant of darayati, he splits, derived form (probably a denominative of
-daraá¸Ĩ, smasher, as in puraášdaraá¸Ĩ, citadel-smasher, an epithet of
Indra) of darati, he splits; see der- in Indo-European roots.]
Daâ˛lit adj.
American HeritageÂŽ Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition.
Copyright Š 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights
reserved.
Dalit (ËdÉËlÉĒt)
n
(Hinduism) a member of the
lowest class in India, whom those of the four main castes were formerly
forbidden to touch. Formerly called (offensive): untouchable
[from Hindi, from Sanskrit dalita, literally: oppressed]
Collins English Dictionary â Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014
Š HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007,
2009, 2011, 2014
Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a
friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmasterâs page
for free fun content.
Mentioned in
?
Harijan
outcaste
pariah
untouchable
References in periodicals archive
?
Even though Dalits make up 70 percent of the church, only 600 of
Indiaâs 17,000 priests and six of the 160 bishops come from the Dalit
community.
Caste off: Catholic Dalits (untouchables)in India are divided over how to improve their lot
Energy company Noble Energy Inc (NYSE:NBL) reported on Tuesday the
execution of a Heads of Agreement (HOA) to evaluate Floating LNG for the
export of natural gas from the Tamar and Dalit fields, offshore Israel.
Noble Energy Inc enters into HOA to evaluate Floating LNG, offshore Israel
The awakening of Dalit awareness of selfhood may be traced to the Marathi literature of the 1970s in India.
Urmila Pawar. The Weave of My Life: A Dalit Womanâs Memoirs
com)â Celebrity stylist Dalit Gwenna shows that hats, the new hip trend, can be worn every day, not just on special occasions.
EM & Co and Stylist Dalit Gwenna Share Hat Styling Secrets
Tamil Dalit literature is a relatively new arrival in the literary landscape of India.
The lives of Tamil Dalit women: a study of the literary works of Bama and P. Sivakami
The Dalit Samaritan woman asked Jesus, âWhere can I find this living water?
Global Ecumenical Conference on Justice for Dalits March 21-24, 2009, Bangkok, Thailand The Bangkok Declaration and Call
THE JUNE RECORD contained some introductory comments about the Dalit
peoples in caste-affected societies, and about the recent Global
Ecumenical Conference on Justice for Dalits, which took place in Bangkok
this past March.
Moving mountains: the first step to helping 200 million people is self-education
ISLAMABAD, April 24, 2009 (Balochistan Times) â Human Rights activists
are of view that India has been successful in using its regional might
and its position as an ally of Western countries in keeping the Dalit
issue off the United Nations agenda.
India trying to keep Dalit issue off the UN agenda
Noble Energy Inc (NYSE:NBL), a US-based oil and gas exploration and
development company, has announced flow test results from the Dalit
natural gas discovery in the Michal licence offshore Israel.
Noble Energy Announces Successful Flow Test Results
John Mary, a 45-year-old Dalit Christian, is knocking doors for help.
Indian Christian âuntouchablesâ face social monsters
Based on primary research conducted with the Karnataka Domestic Workers
Movement in Bangalore, India, this paper locates the injustice that a
group of dalit women domestic workers identify as structuring their
lives, and assesses the strategies that the group employs in resisting
and dealing with such injustice.
Articulations of injustice and the
recognitionâredistribution debate: locating caste, class and gender in
paid domestic work in India
8 (ANI): Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) chief
Mayawati on Thursday condemned the vandalisation of statues of
political and ideological figures across the country including Dalit
icon BR Ambedkarâs statue
Mayawati condemns vandalisation of BR Ambedkar statue
More results âē
https://www.google.co.in/âĻ/why-notâĻ/article24911632.ece/amp/
The word Dalit denotes the pain of all those who suffered because of
the caste system.â A protest rally in New Delhi under the banner of the
Bahujan Sankalp Mahasabha.PTI D. Raja 10 SEPTEMBER 2018 00:00 IST
UPDATED: 10 SEPTEMBER 2018 03:36 IST The government advisory on the use
of the word shows its intent to further marginalise the community
In pre-Independence India and after 1947, during the several unyielding
movements for justice for Dalits, multiple terms have been used to
convey the idea of the caste system which B.R. Ambedkar described âas an
ascending scale of reverence and descending scale of contempt.â We have
been seeing the âdescending scale of contemptâ for thousands of years
manifested in the worst manner possible in the practice of
untouchability.
Terms over the years
The many movements
launched by social reformers and activists against the caste system and
against untouchability have used terms such as Antyajas, suppressed
castes, pariahs, depressed castes, Dalits, Harijans, Ati Shudra and Adi
Dravida. Jyotiba Phule is credited to have used the term Dalit. Even
Mahatma Gandhi accepted the term Dalit when he wrote in 1927 that âfrom
now on, we will describe Antyajas too as dalit.â Explaining that âthe
term was first used by Swami Shraddhanandâ, Gandhi added that âSwami
Vivekananda chose an English word having the same meaning. He described
the untouchables not as âdepressedâ but as âsuppressedâ and quite
rightly. They became, and remain, what they are because they were
suppressed by the so-called upper classes.â
In 1931, many people
disapproved of the use of the word Dalit. Mahatma Gandhi wrote in an
article: âFormerly the name Antyaja was not felt as expressing contempt.
The names Dhed and Bhangi were disliked. I think the term âDalitâ was
first used by the late Swami Shraddhanand. Now it seems that name also
is not liked. The real explanation is that as long as the poison of
untouchability exists in our society, any name that may be given will
probably come to be disliked after some time. Hence the right thing to
do is to get rid of that poison.â He added: âThough it is thus necessary
to attack the root cause, if a better word than Antyaja or Dalit occurs
to anyone he may send it to me.â
In the absence of a better
word, Dalit has been the preferred word in the movements for justice for
Dalits till now. It is well known that the term Harijan was coined by
someone who was a victim of untouchability. He suggested that Gandhi use
it to describe the so-called untouchables. That term was widely used
during the freedom struggle and many, including Ambedkar, considered it
humiliating and patronising. In 1946, Gandhi received a complaint from
someone who wrote, âFrom the psychological point of view, I think the
name âHarijanâ instils into the minds of the people to whom it is
applied a feeling of inferiority, however sacred that name may be. This
feeling is very difficult to wipe out from them â to whatever extent
they are advanced â if they are always called âHarijanâ. Similarly if a
man in the street is asked about a âHarijanâ, the first thing he will
speak of is âuntouchability and the Depressed Classâ.â
Gandhi
responded to that question by writing an article, âWhat is in a name?â,
in which he said: âThe name âHarijanâ has sacred associations. It was
suggested by a Harijan as a substitute for Asprishya (untouchable),
Dalita (depressed), or for the different categories of âuntouchablesâ
such as Bhangis, Mehtars, Chamars, Pariahs, etc.â He added: âThe
Government officers put them in a schedule and, therefore, called them
the Scheduled Classes, thus making confusion worse confounded.â
A term that denotes pain
The historical narrative conveys the point that many terms have been
generated in the movements against caste. The British government did not
prefer one term over another even as it put certain castes in a
schedule and called them Scheduled Castes. Now, the confusion has become
more pronounced with the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic
Alliance government issuing an advisory to the media saying they âmay
refrainâ from using the word Dalit, based on an order by the Nagpur
Bench of the Bombay High Court. Previously, the Madhya Pradesh High
Court had stated that it would âhave no manner of doubtâ that the
government would ârefrain from using the nomenclature âDalitâ for the
members belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes as the same
does not find mention in the Constitution of India or any statute.â This
has caused hurt among the Dalits, who feel that the term is not
offensive or violative of any law, and that such an advisory is not
based on sound reasoning.
My book, Marx and Ambedkar â Continuing
the Dialogue, co-authored with N. Muthumohan, discusses the Dalit
question extensively. Gail Omvedtâs Dalits and the Democratic Revolution
deals with Dalit issues. Can the government dare to dictate terms used
in books, and in public discourse and analysis?
âDalitâ had
become the preferred term in Maharashtra during the 1970s. The word
Harijan is not used now (the government issued a circular to officials
in 1982 saying they should not use the term while describing members of
the Scheduled Castes). The word Dalit denotes the pain of all those who
suffered because of the caste system; it defines their identity to
launch struggles based on Ambedkarâs slogan: Educate, Organise, Agitate.
The governmentâs advisory indicates its anti-Dalit posture. The term
Dalit, used by Jyotiba Phule, Swami Shraddhananda, Gandhi, and Ambedkar,
cannot be dismissed by an executive order. In fact, the seven-judge
Bench of the Supreme Court in S.P. Gupta v. President of India (1981)
had observed that society is âpulsating with urges of gender justice,
worker justice, minorities justice, Dalit justice and equal justice
between chronic un-equals.â In using the term âDalit justiceâ, the
Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court validated the use of the term
Dalit. It is painful to state that what the present government is trying
to do was not done even during British rule. Such an advisory sounds
strange when no
TODAYâS PAPER OPINION
OPINION
Why not Dalit?
âThe word Dalit denotes the pain of all those who suffered because of
the caste system.â A protest rally in New Delhi under the banner of the
Bahujan Sankalp Mahasabha.PTI
âThe word Dalit denotes the pain of
all those who suffered because of the caste system.â A protest rally in
New Delhi under the banner of the Bahujan Sankalp Mahasabha.PTI
D. Raja
10 SEPTEMBER 2018 00:00 IST
UPDATED: 10 SEPTEMBER 2018 03:36 IST
The government advisory on the use of the word shows its intent to further marginalise the community
In pre-Independence India and after 1947, during the several unyielding
movements for justice for Dalits, multiple terms have been used to
convey the idea of the caste system which B.R. Ambedkar described âas an
ascending scale of reverence and descending scale of contempt.â We have
been seeing the âdescending scale of contemptâ for thousands of years
manifested in the worst manner possible in the practice of
untouchability.
Terms over the years
The many movements
launched by social reformers and activists against the caste system and
against untouchability have used terms such as Antyajas, suppressed
castes, pariahs, depressed castes, Dalits, Harijans, Ati Shudra and Adi
Dravida. Jyotiba Phule is credited to have used the term Dalit. Even
Mahatma Gandhi accepted the term Dalit when he wrote in 1927 that âfrom
now on, we will describe Antyajas too as dalit.â Explaining that âthe
term was first used by Swami Shraddhanandâ, Gandhi added that âSwami
Vivekananda chose an English word having the same meaning. He described
the untouchables not as âdepressedâ but as âsuppressedâ and quite
rightly. They became, and remain, what they are because they were
suppressed by the so-called upper classes.â
In 1931, many people
disapproved of the use of the word Dalit. Mahatma Gandhi wrote in an
article: âFormerly the name Antyaja was not felt as expressing contempt.
The names Dhed and Bhangi were disliked. I think the term âDalitâ was
first used by the late Swami Shraddhanand. Now it seems that name also
is not liked. The real explanation is that as long as the poison of
untouchability exists in our society, any name that may be given will
probably come to be disliked after some time. Hence the right thing to
do is to get rid of that poison.â He added: âThough it is thus necessary
to attack the root cause, if a better word than Antyaja or Dalit occurs
to anyone he may send it to me.â
In the absence of a better
word, Dalit has been the preferred word in the movements for justice for
Dalits till now. It is well known that the term Harijan was coined by
someone who was a victim of untouchability. He suggested that Gandhi use
it to describe the so-called untouchables. That term was widely used
during the freedom struggle and many, including Ambedkar, considered it
humiliating and patronising. In 1946, Gandhi received a complaint from
someone who wrote, âFrom the psychological point of view, I think the
name âHarijanâ instils into the minds of the people to whom it is
applied a feeling of inferiority, however sacred that name may be. This
feeling is very difficult to wipe out from them â to whatever extent
they are advanced â if they are always called âHarijanâ. Similarly if a
man in the street is asked about a âHarijanâ, the first thing he will
speak of is âuntouchability and the Depressed Classâ.â
Gandhi
responded to that question by writing an article, âWhat is in a name?â,
in which he said: âThe name âHarijanâ has sacred associations. It was
suggested by a Harijan as a substitute for Asprishya (untouchable),
Dalita (depressed), or for the different categories of âuntouchablesâ
such as Bhangis, Mehtars, Chamars, Pariahs, etc.â He added: âThe
Government officers put them in a schedule and, therefore, called them
the Scheduled Classes, thus making confusion worse confounded.â
A term that denotes pain
The historical narrative conveys the point that many terms have been
generated in the movements against caste. The British government did not
prefer one term over another even as it put certain castes in a
schedule and called them Scheduled Castes. Now, the confusion has become
more pronounced with the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic
Alliance government issuing an advisory to the media saying they âmay
refrainâ from using the word Dalit, based on an order by the Nagpur
Bench of the Bombay High Court. Previously, the Madhya Pradesh High
Court had stated that it would âhave no manner of doubtâ that the
government would ârefrain from using the nomenclature âDalitâ for the
members belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes as the same
does not find mention in the Constitution of India or any statute.â This
has caused hurt among the Dalits, who feel that the term is not
offensive or violative of any law, and that such an advisory is not
based on sound reasoning.
My book, Marx and Ambedkar â Continuing
the Dialogue, co-authored with N. Muthumohan, discusses the Dalit
question extensively. Gail Omvedtâs Dalits and the Democratic Revolution
deals with Dalit issues. Can the government dare to dictate terms used
in books, and in public discourse and analysis?
âDalitâ had
become the preferred term in Maharashtra during the 1970s. The word
Harijan is not used now (the government issued a circular to officials
in 1982 saying they should not use the term while describing members of
the Scheduled Castes). The word Dalit denotes the pain of all those who
suffered because of the caste system; it defines their identity to
launch struggles based on Ambedkarâs slogan: Educate, Organise, Agitate.
The governmentâs advisory indicates its anti-Dalit posture. The term
Dalit, used by Jyotiba Phule, Swami Shraddhananda, Gandhi, and Ambedkar,
cannot be dismissed by an executive order. In fact, the seven-judge
Bench of the Supreme Court in S.P. Gupta v. President of India (1981)
had observed that society is âpulsating with urges of gender justice,
worker justice, minorities justice, Dalit justice and equal justice
between chronic un-equals.â In using the term âDalit justiceâ, the
Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court validated the use of the term
Dalit. It is painful to state that what the present government is trying
to do was not done even during British rule. Such an advisory sounds
strange when no such demand has been made by any Dalit organisation or
leader, and when the term is used by the Supreme Court.
Such an
advisory at a time when the term Dalit is empowering Dalits in their
relentless fight against the increasing levels of atrocities against
them, and at a time of heightened Dalit consciousness in the country,
only signals the intent of the government to further marginalise the
community, which is being asked to conform to the identity determined by
the government. This is unacceptable. The government should withdraw
its circular and challenge the order passed by the Bombay High Court in
the Supreme Court.
D. Raja is National Secretary of the Communist Party of India and a Member of Parliament
https://www.google.co.in/search?client=safari&channel=iphone_bm&source=hp&ei=3xSWW-npAYm-rQG91r7IAw&ins=false&q=Infiltrators+will+be+deported+-+BJP&oq=Infiltrators+will+be+deported+-+BJP&gs_l=mobile-gws-wiz-hp.3..33i160.81482.125234..126856âĻ0.0..2.3171.48130.6-12j9j8j5âĻâĻ0âĻ.1âĻâĻ.3..0j41j46j0i131j0i22i10i30j0i22i30j33i22i29i30j33i21.j5QmjAY4Ob4
Just
0.1% intolerant, cunning, crooked, number one terrorists, violent,
militant, ever shooting, mob lynching, lunatic, mentally retarded
rapists foreigners from Bene Israel chitpavan brahmin RSS (Rowdy
Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks) are the real infiltrators remotely controlling
BJP (Brashtachar Jiyadha Psychopaths) full of hatred, anger, jealousy,
delusion that are defilement of the mind requiring mental treatment in
mental asylums. The 99.9 % Sarva SamJ must unite to catch hold of these
mad people to admit them in mental hospitals.
https://www.google.co.in/âĻ/patel-woâĻ/article6669125.ece/amp/
Patel would not have allowed Ambedkar to draft Constitution
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar would not have drafted the Constitution of India if
Sardar Vallabhai Patel had become the first Prime Minister, Dalit
ideologue Kancha Ilaiah said here on Saturday.
âDr.Ambedkar and Jawaharlal Nehru had a common understanding of caste,
religion and nation building, but âIron Manâ Sardar Vallabhai Patel
would never have allowed Dr. Ambedkar to draft the Constitution and lay
the foundation for a democratic nation,â he added.
Speaking at a
seminar on âDr. Ambedkar, Nehru and Patel: the contemporary debateâ
organised by the Dr. Ambedkar Chair on Social Policy and Social Action
and Dr. Ambedkar Foundation, Dr. Ilaiah said: âAfter Nehru became the
head of the interim government, he appointed Dr. Ambedkar as Chairman of
the Drafting Committee, giving him a free hand to draft the
Constitution. Both Nehru and Ambedkar had a secular, liberal and
rational outlook, but Patel was a fundamentalist.â
Elaborating on
the commonalities between Nehru and Ambedkar, Dr. Ilaiah said it was
the idea of Dr. Ambedkar that a national government be formed after
Independence. The first government had representation from all
communities and regions. ANU Registrar P. Raja Sekhar, Rector K.R.S.
Sambasiva Rao, University College of Arts, Commerce and Law principal V.
Chandrasekhara Rao and Science College principal B.Re. Victor Babu were
present.
https://youtu.be/qIEbf-i98bo
https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/patel-would-not-have-allowed-ambedkar-to-draft-constitution/article6669125.ece/amp/
Patel would not have allowed Ambedkar to draft Constitution
Dr.
B.R. Ambedkar would not have drafted the Constitution of India if
Sardar Vallabhai Patel had become the first Prime Minister, Dalit
ideologue Kancha Ilaiah said here on Saturday.
âDr.Ambedkar and
Jawaharlal Nehru had a common understanding of caste, religion and
nation building, but âIron Manâ Sardar Vallabhai Patel would never have
allowed Dr. Ambedkar to draft the Constitution and lay the foundation
for a democratic nation,â he added.
Speaking at a seminar on âDr.
Ambedkar, Nehru and Patel: the contemporary debateâ organised by the
Dr. Ambedkar Chair on Social Policy and Social Action and Dr. Ambedkar
Foundation, Dr. Ilaiah said: âAfter Nehru became the head of the interim
government, he appointed Dr. Ambedkar as Chairman of the Drafting
Committee, giving him a free hand to draft the Constitution. Both Nehru
and Ambedkar had a secular, liberal and rational outlook, but Patel was a
fundamentalist.â
Elaborating on the commonalities between Nehru
and Ambedkar, Dr. Ilaiah said it was the idea of Dr. Ambedkar that a
national government be formed after Independence. The first government
had representation from all communities and regions. ANU Registrar P.
Raja Sekhar, Rector K.R.S. Sambasiva Rao, University College of Arts,
Commerce and Law principal V. Chandrasekhara Rao and Science College
principal B.Re. Victor Babu were present.
https://www.google.co.in/âĻ/voices%252Fopinion%252Fsardar-paâĻ
Did You Know?
Sardar Patel and Dr Ambedkar strongly differed on reservation and caste.
They sparred over this in the Constituent Assembly Debates.
Ambedkar wanted to protect SC/ST rights via quotas in education and employment.
Patel felt quotas âquotas are anti-nationalâ.
Therefore for this reason Murderer of democratic institutions (Modi)
after gobbling the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs laid the
foundation stone in 2013, he commissioned Patelâs statue at Kevadia in
Gujarat, which is billed as being the tallest in the world.
Thus,
in this perplexing crucible, it would be worthwhile to delve into the
tomes of history and see whether both the icons â Ambedkar and Patel â
saw eye-to-eye on caste and reservations.
https://www.google.co.in/âĻ/patel-woâĻ/article6669125.ece/amp/
Patel would not have allowed Ambedkar to draft Constitution
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar would not have drafted the Constitution of India if
Sardar Vallabhai Patel had become the first Prime Minister, SC/ST
ideologue Kancha Ilaiah said here on Saturday.
âDr.Ambedkar and Jawaharlal Nehru had a common understanding of caste,
religion and nation building, but âIron Manâ Sardar Vallabhai Patel
would never have allowed Dr. Ambedkar to draft the Constitution and lay
the foundation for a democratic nation,â he added.
Speaking at a
seminar on âDr. Ambedkar, Nehru and Patel: the contemporary debateâ
organised by the Dr. Ambedkar Chair on Social Policy and Social Action
and Dr. Ambedkar Foundation, Dr. Ilaiah said: âAfter Nehru became the
head of the interim government, he appointed Dr. Ambedkar as Chairman of
the Drafting Committee, giving him a free hand to draft the
Constitution. Both Nehru and Ambedkar had a secular, liberal and
rational outlook, but Patel was a fundamentalist.â
Elaborating on
the commonalities between Nehru and Ambedkar, Dr. Ilaiah said it was
the idea of Dr. Ambedkar that a national government be formed after
Independence. The first government had representation from all
communities and regions. ANU Registrar P. Raja Sekhar, Rector K.R.S.
Sambasiva Rao, University College of Arts, Commerce and Law principal V.
Chandrasekhara Rao and Science College principal B.Re. Victor Babu were
present.
https://www.google.co.in/âĻ/story-EqYMsbzYbhDOtNgocROfNM_ampâĻ
Ban RSS, Indiaâs no 1 terror organisation: Former Maharashtra cop
Maharashtraâs former inspector general of police SM Mushrif on Tuesday
accused the Intelligence Bureau (IB) of being hand-in-glove with
right-wing extremists, and called for a ban on the RSS describing it as
Indiaâs No.1 terror organisation.
Updated: Feb 23, 2016 20:25:20
SM Mushrif speaking at the launch of his book. (PTI Photo)
Maharashtraâs former inspector general of police SM Mushrif on Tuesday
accused the Intelligence Bureau (IB) of being hand-in-glove with
right-wing extremists, and called for a ban on the RSS describing it as
Indiaâs No.1 terror organisation. At the launch of the Bengali version
of his book âRSS - Countryâs Greatest Terror Organisationâ, Mushrif also
termed the ongoing JNU controversy as a manifestation of the Rashtriya
Swayamsevak Sanghâs (RSS) attempt to turn India into a Hindu nation.
âThe IB has been and continues to be the most powerful organisation in
the country and irrespective of which political party is in power at the
centre, it continues to operate the way it wants.
Whatever the
IB says or does is considered the truth and its claims or acts are never
questioned or verified,â said Mushrif, indicting the agency for
colluding with the RSS and its subsidiaries for the killing of
anti-terror squad chief Hemant Karkare, who was probing the involvement
of Hindu radicals in terror acts.
Karkare was killed during the 2008 Mumbai terror attack.
âNo other terror organisation has used RDX like the RSS has. At least
18 chargesheets have been filed against the RSS and its subsidiaries
like Abhinav Bharat and Bajrang Dal in terror cases.
The RSS should be immediately banned for being the countryâs No.1 terror organisation,â said Mushrif.
Condemning the Jawaharlal Nehru University row, Mushrif expressed alarm over rising right-wing extremism.
âThis is only a manifestation of the RSSâs bid to establish the
Aryavart Hindu Rashtra based on the tenets of Smritis and Vedas. Its
time the entire country stood up against this rise of extremism,â said
the author of âWho Killed Karkare? : The Real Face of Terrorism in
Indiaâ.
RSS : Worldâs largest terrorist Organization
RSS : Worldâs largest terrorist Organization
https://defence.pk/âĻ/narendra-modi-a-terrorist-who-rose-toâĻ/
About Hindutva, Sanghparivar, RSS, Fascism, Religious Terror,
âThe whole business of Hindutva and its nationalism is a poison in the
body politic of India. We have to accept that the poison has been
injected and it will take a lot to purge it,â Arundhati Roy
SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 2006
RSS : Worldâs largest terrorist Organization?
What makes one or an organization terrorist?
American Heritage Dictionary: The unlawful use or threatened use of
force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or
property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or
governments, often for ideological or political reasons.
Does the Sanghparivar have any of these qualities in its work to make it not to declare a terrorist organization?
An American research centre has placed our ultra-nationalist Rashtrya
Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS) on its terrorist list. The East Virginia-based
Terrorism Research Center (TRC) is closely connected to the American
government and many of its directors and researchers have closely worked
with US administrations and have taken part in research and planning
for the US administration.
In the list of ?? in India, the TRC
has placed RSS under no. 21. Here is the link as it appeared on 9
September 2004 on the group?s website under the caption ?Known Terrorist
Groups Operating in India?.
http://www.terrorism.com/modules.phpâĻ
RSS
The RSS was founded in 1925 by the Maratha Brahmin Keshav Baliram
Hegdewar on the Aryan Vaishnava Holy day of Vijaya Dashami (the 10th day
of the moon) when the Aryan invader Rama destroyed the Dravidian Empire
of Lanka [ Sangh ]. This was done to symbolise its inherent anti-Sudra
nature. Its organisation is highly skewed, with the Sar Sangh Chalak
(supreme dictator) at the top [ Roots ]. This person can only be a
Brahmin.
RSS militia is organised around local cells or `shakasâ
where weapons are distributed to its hardcore members, who are drilled
in a vigorous program of harsh discipline. RSS converted hindu temples
serve as repositories of weapons as well as centers of dissemination of
its racist ideology of Aryan supremacy. RSS cadre graduate to the BJP.
VHP (Vishwa Hindu Parishad)
The council was established on August 29, 1964 in Bombay, Maharastra [
Biju ] with a political objective of establishing the supremacy of
Hinduism all over the world. It obtains funds and recruits from Aryan
Hindus all across the globe, especially from the US, UK and Canada and
has grown to become the main fund-raising agency of Brahmanist
Fundamentalism. The council was instrumental in the demolition of the
holiest Islamic shrine in Oudh, the Babri Masjid at Ayodhya and has
organised several massacres of Muslims and Christians. It is in the
forefront in the call for a Hindu Rashtra, a Hindu State ethnically
cleansed of its non-Aryan populations.
Bajrang Dal ( Party of Monkey God called Hanuman.)
The militant wing of the VHP, it was formed âto counter `Sikh
militancyâ â during the Sikh Genocide of 1983-84 [ Bajrang ]. Created
with the objective of the eradication of Sikhs which it has termed
âMuslims in disguiseâ, its cadres fought alongside Congress-backed
Hindutva militias during the massacre of 200,000 Sikhs under Indira
Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi. Recruits carry a â knife-like trident to be
slung across the shoulder - an answer to the Sikh kirpan â [ Bajrang ].
later it has subsequently expanded its targets to include Muslims and
Christians as well.
ABVP
This front comprises students of
Hindu religious schools (vidyalayas). It has expanded its base by
infiltration into `secularâ universities. Its higher-ranking cadres are
well-equipped with weaponry; they often organise communal campus
disturbances against Christians, Muslims, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains.
Most of its members graduate to become hardcore RSS and VHP militants.
An excellent thesis: articulate, erudite, and dispassionate.
Now go ahead and present this to UN general assemble, UNSC, European
and American media, and try to get RSS ban in at least a couple of
countries. You would find willing allies among Christian fanatics.
If possible ,get it framed and nail it on entrance of UN building, like
Martin Luther nailed his thesis on door of Castle Church of Wittenberg.
This thesis of your is more path braking than the one which caused
Protestant reformation.
About Hindutva, Sanghparivar, RSS, Fascism, Religious Terror,
âThe whole business of Hindutva and its nationalism is a poison in the
body politic of India. We have to accept that the poison has been
injected and it will take a lot to purge it,â Arundhati Roy
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 2006
A report on the âattackâ on RSS Headquarters on June 01, 2006
The official version of events raises scores of doubts. The team wanted
simple clarifications from the Commissioner of Police, Nagpur and
approached him continuously for five days. That the Commissioner
persistently declined to meet the team and answer these simple queries,
reveal his unwillingness and/or his inability to answer these questions.
It also suggests that he chose to hide certain facts. And this leads
the team to question the veracity of the Commissioner of Policeâs
narration of the encounter. The Cock and bull story of the encounter
thus compels the team to infer that the encounter appears to be fake and
requires, in the interest of the nation, a fair probing.
Constituent member organizations:
Peopleâs Union for Civil Liberties,
Nagpur Committee for Protection of Democratic Rights,
Mumbai Dharma Nirapeksh Nagarik Manch, Nagpur
Andhra Pradesh Civil Liberties Committee,
Hyderabad Indian Association of Peopleâs Lawyers Bahujan Sangharsh Samiti
List of Members
Head of the Team, Justice B G Kolse Patil, Rtd Judge of Mumbai High Court, Convenor, Dr Suresh Khairnar,
Members Dr Anand Teltumde, CPDR, Mumbai; Adv. P Suresh Kumar, Andra
Pradesh Civil Liberties Committee, Hyderabad; Mr Ahmed Latif Khan, Civil
Liberty Monitoring Committee, Hyderabad; Dr D John Chelladurai, India
Peace Centre, Nagpur; Mr Nagesh Choudhury, Bahujan Sangharsh Samiti,
Nagpur; Mr Arvind Ghosh, PUCL, Nagpur; Adv. Anil Kale, Indian Assn of
Peopleâs Lawyers; Adv. Surendra Gadling, Indian Assn of Peopleâs
Lawyers; Mr Gaffar Shakir, Dharma Nirapeksha Nagarik Manch, Nagpur; Mr
Ashish K Ghosh, PUCL, Nagpur; Mr Arvind Deshmukh, Bahujan Sangharsh
Samiti, Nagpur; Mr T V Kathane, Nagpur, Bahujan Sangharsh Samiti,Nagpur;
Adv. Anand Gajbhiye, IAPL, Nagpur
Introduction
The nation
awoke on June 01, 2006 hearing the shocking news of an attempted attack
on the RSS headquarters building. It was a respite that the news of
police foiling the attempt too came along.
The news of attempted
attack on the Head Quarters of the RSS reportedly by fidayeens of a Pak
based terrorist group, sent a spine chilling fear in the minds of
millions of peace loving people in the country. We all know very well,
the potential of such a happening to ignite a trail of tragic clashes
among the communities. The peace loving masses heaved a sigh of relief
as the leaders of every community promptly condemned the heinous act and
appealed to the masses to maintain peace, and peace did prevail. In the
next twenty four hours quite a lot of information, almost all the
information pertaining to the attackers had been published obviously
supplied by the police department to the media.
The narrative of
the whole encounter as reported on June 02, 2006, instead of clearing
the mystery of the attackers, unfortunately confounded the citizens all
the more. The reports were conflicting and left innumerable questions on
ground zero situation unanswered.
The foiled attempt and the
appreciable tranquility maintained by the masses were a great relief.
However the deadly weapon and ammunition with which the âfidayeensâ (as
told by the Commissioner of Police) appeared, and the ease with which
the police claimed to have liquidated them, suggested that the Police
team had a âcake walkâ over the deadly terrorists. The very next day a
section of the media aired their doubt over the whole happening (as
reported by the Police Commissioner), most of them quoting wide sections
of the national community, including senior leaders.
The peace
loving social activists and campaigners for communal harmony based in
Nagpur were at first relieved by the success of the police over the
terrorists. However the confounding report that appeared in the media
and the doubts aired by masses and leaders prompted them to read between
the lines. Particularly, the âIslamicâ terrorist attempting to attack
RSS Head Quarters has a larger implication. It has the potential to push
the nation into a communal strife. Scuh a thing should not be allowed
to happen in any manner, orchestrated by any group. The confounding
report of the âencounterâ therefore requires an honest study.
The
above stated social organizations, hence constituted a fact finding
team comprised of the above mentioned activists. The team is headed by
Mr B G Kolse Patil, retired Judge of Mumbai High Court, and Convened by
Dr Suresh Khairnar, a renowned social thinker and activist. The team
visited the site of the encounter, spoke to the people residing in the
vicinity. The team also visited the RSS Head Quarters and met Mr Shirish
Wate, the HQ incharge.
The team went to Government Medical
College to meet the doctors who carried out the postmortem. Dr Dhavane,
who was present gave elementary information but declined to give
details. The team spoke to Dr Vibhawari Dani, Dean, Govt Medical
Hospital and College on telephone. The Dean also declined to reveal the
postmortem report. It was a classified document, she said.
The
team repeatedly sought an appointment with the Commissioner of Police.
The CP too declined to meet the team. On the contrary the CP asked the
respectable members their credentials; who funded the team, what
international connections does the team have and similar questions with
apparent intention to intimidate the team from their earnest effort to
help the society to know the truth.
The Incident as reported by Mr S P S Yadav, the Commissioner of Police, Nagpur
The Special squad of the City police who were on high alert following
specific input from intelligence agency spotted a white Ambassador car
moving in a suspicious manner in Lakdi Pul in Mahal area and started
tailing it. Two cars, a Tata Sumo and a Qualis were used in the
operation. The tailing cars were unmarked and all police personal in it
were wearing plain clothes.
When the ambassador car with red
beacon atop moved towards RSS Head Quarters, one for the constables in
the Tata Sumo casually asked the young occupants about their intentions.
Rattled by the enquiry the militants opened fire on the police vehicle
even as they tried to get away. In the process they dashed into the
barricade near the eastern side of the RSS HQ. The alert cops led by PSI
Rajendra Tiwari, PSI Arvind Saraf and PSI JA More replied to the
Gunfire. It was their bulletproof jackets that saved police personnel.
The terrorists also threw a hand grenade on the police party. But it
failed to explode. They threw the grenade without pulling out the pin.
The gun battle lasted about 20 minutes in which the militants fired 76
rounds while the cops retaliated with 63 rounds. The terrorists had
three AK-M automatic weapons, 12 hand grenades and 5.6 Kgs of highly
explosive materials with them. They also had three spare magazines for
their fire arms each carrying 30 rounds. They had hundred and twenty
rounds each, said Mr S P S Yadav. Mr Yadav also reported to have said,
looking at their preparation and determination to storm RSS HQ at any
cost despite heavy police deployment, indicates that it was a âfidayeenâ
attack.
Refusing to divulge the exact identity of the three
militants, who were in the age group of 20-22 years, Mr Yadav described
them as âIslamic militants.â At this point of time, he added, it is too
premature to associate them with any outfit.
Media reports
As per the details received from the police a white Ambassador car MH
20-8979 with a red beacon and three persons on board dressed as police
sub-inspectors, was first spotted by the patrolling police party at the
central avenue some time before the incident. The car was heading
towards Badkas Chowk. As it emerged form Chitaroli, two police vehicles,
a Tata Sumo carrying two PSI and five constables and a Toyoto Qualis
with 5 PSI got suspicious about the car. The police vehicles hastened
the chase of the suspicious ambassador car. At Badkas chowk the
ambassador car took a left turn towards Junta chowk and again turned
right towards the Sangh building from the Lakdipul side.
Presuming the car might have gone towards Ayachit mandir the police
stopped the chase for a while. However when the police jeep came back to
the same place during their routine patrol, they noticed the same car
in a small alley between Lakdipul and Gajanan Mandir towards the eastern
gate of the RSS Head Quarters. The Police vans then closed in on the
ambassador car. However, without paying heed to the police patrol the
car tried to force its way through the temporary barricade erected 50
meters before the main entrance of the RSS HQ. At this juncture the PSI
Tiwari intercepted the ambassador car and enquired as to where it was
heading. Instantly thereafter the two ultras who were seated on the rear
seats came out of the car with a grenade in their left hand and AK56
rifle in the right hand. One of them lobbed the grenade at the police,
but since the pin was not fully removed it failed to explode. Seeing
this the ultras opened indiscriminate fire at the police party. In the
melee PSI Saraf who just alighted from the police vehicle got hit at his
abdomen. However, since he was wearing a bullet proof vest the bullet
did not pierce his body. Soon after this police force and the ultras
started exchanging fire in which two of the three militants were killed
on the spot. The driver of the car then tried to flee towards the Bhauji
Daftari School. However he could not escape the bullets from the police
and he too was killed on the spot. The entire shoot out went on for
just around 15 minutes between 4.00 and 4.15 AM.
The police then
informed the control room and the commissioner of Police about the shoot
out. The senior police officers immediately reached the spot and
shifted at the three ultras to the government medical college where they
were declared brought dead. The members of Dautkhani family along with
other neighbours woke up at the sound of the firing and one of his
family members opened the door of their house to peep outside.
However alert cops told the family members to shut the door and remain
inside the house only. It was to prevent the terrorists from taking
shelter in the Dautkani house and taking them as hostages. The operation
was carried out by the city police successfully without any loss of
life other than that of the militants. The press reported on the 2nd
June that, all the three terrorists are said to be Pak nationals. Two of
them hailed from Lahore and the third from Gujranwala. The police had
seized from the place a dairy which contained email addresses in Urdu, a
few phone numbers of Lohare and Gujranwala. Rs 45,000 and maps of the
city were recovered from the terrorists.
The names of three
terrorists are said to be Afsal Ahmed Bhat, Bilal Ahmed Bhat and
Mohammed Usman Habib. Loksatta, (Indian Express Group) Nagpur Marathi
edition, dated June 03 2006 carried an article containing the following
detail. âNormally the attacks by the terrorists are preplanned
meticulously and they seldom fail in their attempt. This being the
public opinion, the recent futile attempt by the terrorists on RSS
building and the success gained by the police in thwarting the attempt
creates suspicion in public mind as well as among RSS people and their
rivals.
Though normally terrorists claim the responsibility of
the attack, no terrorist group has claimed any responsibility to this
attempt. Therefore the question arises, whether they were hardcore
Islamic terrorists or just any other newcomers. According to police
statement, threat of attack on RSS head quarters loomed large for the
last one year and there was security cordon around the building. Yet the
attackers seemed to have no idea of any of them, neither did they seem
to know the roads leading to RSS building. And no map of the building
and its surrounding could be found with them.
During the whole
encounter with the police the terrorists got only one chance to lob a
grenade and that too did not explode. That not a single policeman was
injured by the bullets of the attackers, puts a question mark on the
ability of the terrorists. The attackers could bring a car load of guns
and bullets, hand grenades, powerful explosives like RDX from places
thousands of kilometers away without being detected or checked by any
police or civic authorities, is a matter of surprise even in the RSS
circles.
The RSS which usually take such attack on them seriously
and go for nationwide protest, unusually kept extraordinary silence and
the morning shaka at the headquarters went on with more people
attending it. It was a surprise even among the cadres of RSS. This also
has created among their functionaries doubt over the bona fide of the
attackers. However, they speak in a low voice.
â Mahanayak, a
Marathi news paper from Mumbai, published a title page news from its
special correspondent from Nagpur, with the caption: âMahanayakâs
Special Story on the Attack on RSS Head Quarters.â The news goes like
this: There is a talk among the Nagpur police that, of the 11 police who
conducted the encounter, 6 police did not even know how to handle a
carbine. Some of them were under demotion on account of departmental
disciplinary action, and they were given this âchanceâ to prove their
âworthiness.â Sources close to the police circle say, none of the eleven
cops had special commando training. The authorities punished two of
them, for they extorted from a âgutkaâ merchant a huge amount (Rs 3.5
lakhs) five months ago, in the Panchpoli police station area. At the
orders of the CP they were shifted to another âpunishmentâ section.
Police inner circle is surprised at the composition of the squad for
most of them do not know to handle guns properly.
The reporter
gives details of many indisciplines of the eleven police personals and
wonders how and on what basis they were selected for Special Squad to
handle such an important assignment in the RSS HQ.
Observations of the fact team
1. When the police had prior information about possible attack on RSS
Head Quarters and the police were prepared, as stated by the
Commissioner of Police (CP), to handle possible attack, why did they
allow the attackers to go close to the RSS HQ? Why did the Police not
stop them at first sight?
2. We hear from the residents, that the
police had a kind of rehearsal to the âencounterâ few days back on the
same spot. Police even fired in the air on the occasion, they claim. And
when the actual encounter took place, these residents said, they first
thought that it was yet another demonstration. Why did the police take a
demo a few days ago?
3. The CP has said, âwhen the ambassador
car with red beacon atop moved towards RSS HQ, one of the constables in
the Tata Sumo casually asked the young occupants about their intentions.
Rattled by the inquiry the militants opened fire on the police vehicle
even as they tried to get away.â For the constable to ask casually,
either he must have brought his car (the police vehicle) side by side to
the terrorist vehicle or he (the constable) must have come by foot
close to terrorist vehicle (and asked them). In either case the
constable must have been exposed to the terrorist attack at close
quarter. How did the constable escape unhurt? The narration of the
incident doesnât have any detail to clarify this.
4. There is no
eyewitness to the whole happening. The encounter took place according to
the police at 4.15 AM. The bodies of the assailants were removed even
before the press reporters (who were the first people other than the
Police) reached the spot, close to 5.00 AM. Why this hurry?
5.
Day one media report says, Deputy Commissioner Mr Prabhat Kumar was in
the patrolling team and he smelled foul and started tailing it in their
unmarked blue Tata Sumo. Why did the CP not bring him (Mr P Kumar) in
his (CP) narration of the encounter? Why did CP hide the DCP?
6.
Another report says that the patrolling police that tailed the
ambassador at one point âpresumed the car might have gone towards
Ayachit mandir the police stopped the chase for a while. However when
the police jeep came back to the same place during their routine patrol,
they noticed the same car in a small alley between Lakdipul and
Gajanand Mandir towards the eastern gate of the RSS Head Quarters. As
the point where the police missed the ambassador car and the place where
they saw them again are the same small alley, do the police mean to say
that the attackers were waiting over there until then?
7. It is
said that the attackersâ car tried to force its way through the
barricade. The said barricade was installed a couple of weeks before
June 01 2006, in the aftermath of weapon seizure from antisocial
elements in the State. When the attackers came where were the sentries
posted at the barricade? They must have been the first one to stop the
terrorists or get attacked by the terrorists. Where were they?
8.
The exchange of fire took place for twenty minutes, it was reported.
Can anyone explain how the police disabled the terrorists from using the
dozen hand grenades and the 360 rounds of bullets?
9. That the
terrorists had 12 hand grenade, 360 rounds of bullets, 5.6 Kgs of highly
explosive material which was later stated to be RDX, and they battled
for twenty minutes âhopelesslyâ not using any of them, is a narration
that fails to convince common sense.
10. It was reported that the
police recovered from the terroristsâ vehicle a sealed case containing
12 hand grenades. The terrorists coming on a deadly mission carrying
their munitions in sealed cases does not comply the logic of terrorist
attack. They did not even open them when they were fighting for 20
minutes in a losing battle makes the narration all the more
unconvincing.
11. That the terrorists, reported to be âfidayeenâ
who chose to travel on white ambassador car with red beacon atop, not
knowing what is the official protocol but chose to wear PSI dress, does
not comply with the statement of the CP that the terrorists were a
trained fidayeens.
12. The reported information that the police
recovered wet underwear and soaked bathing soap from the white
ambassador car suggests that they could not have been âterroristsâ on a
mission involving their very life.
13. The police declared them
as âIslamicâ terrorist and Pak based âfidayeensâ. The stated seizure of a
diary containing all their names and their own telephone numbers sounds
farce. Usually we do not write our own telephone numbers in our dairy.
Terrorists of deadly mission carrying a dairy with their own identities
when they were on an attack, do not appeal common sense.
14. Even
if the police had found a dairy belonging to the attackers, how did
they decipher the code names and codified messages in so short a time
that in less than 10 hours the CP could reveal their identity as
âIslamicâ terrorist and âfidayeensâ? (the history of terrorist attack
tells clearly that the terrorists do not carry written documents. If
they have to write anything they choose to write in codes and false
names.)
15. What authentication did the police possess to finally
declare them as Muslims and bury them according to Islamic rituals?
What was the hurry to bury the dead bodies of the terrorists without
establishing their identity?
16. Few holes on the walls (opposite
to Bharat Mahila Vidyalay) are, said by the CID official present at the
site, as bullet marks. Two of the six marks found to be marks of
bullets fired from right across, at 90 degrees. One bullet mark, as
marked by the police on the Bharat Mahila Vidyalay wall too clearly
indicates that the bullet was fired at 90 degrees. Were the police and
their vehicle come side by side the terrorists? It was amusing, that the
police officer present at the time of the teamâs visit to the spot,
told that bullets fired by the policemen down the lane from behind the
terrorist vehicle possibly took an aerial curve and hit the wall at 90
degree.
17. There is hardly any mark of terrorist bullets on the other side, except on the Police vehicle.
18. The blue Tata Sumo vehicle that was tailing behind the terrorist
vehicle had six bullet marks. Two of them were at least apparently
pistol bullet marks. The police report did not mention terrorists having
used pistols. How did pistol bullet marks appear on the police vehicle?
19. The terrorists were reported to have fired from AK-M automatic
guns. The bullet marks on the blue Tata Sumo of the police bear bullet
marks that are all single shot marks. There is no series of bullet marks
(which is expected if the opponents were using automatic guns) that
raises the doubt over nature of the exchange of fire.
20. One
bullet hole was found (in the police blue Tata Sumo vehicle) on the
right side front door from inside. The point of hit was almost at the
hip of the driver. Had the driver been on his seat he should have been
hit. There was no such report. It is clear that the driver was not in
the seat at the time of firing. We found bullet marks on the same police
vehicle hit from three angles on the left side of the vehicle. Three
bullets were 45 degrees from behind, two bullets 90 degrees on the left
and one bullet 130 degree further that hit just below the front
windshield. The question is, if the vehicle is not on the move during
the attack, (as the bullet did not hit the driver), then how did the
bullet mark appear from three angles? This question assumes significance
as it was not possible for the terrorists to move to such wide range
and fire from all three angles, for they were caught in their vehicle
that was trapped in a narrow alley and they were immobilized.
21.
Mr S P S Yadav, Commissioner of Police is reported to have said,
âLooking at their preparation and determination to storm RSS HQ at any
cost despite heavy police deployment, indicates that it was a âfidayeenâ
attack.â This conclusion of the CP amounts to be hasty in his decision;
or the terrorists were in his hands prior to the encounter, for him to
know about them in detail.
22. On the site of the encounter was
parked a white Maruti Omni car at the premises of Mr Jopat, the compound
wall being fenced by barbed wire. As the house is the first one in the
lane (in front of which raised the barricade) and the attackers were
inside the lane, if the police wanted to target the attackers, they
should have gone some where behind this Maruti Omni car. When there was
over 140 rounds of fire, there is not a single bullet mark on the
vehicle.
This creates strong doubts over the nature of reported encounter.
Recommendations
The official version of events raises scores of doubts. The team wanted
simple clarifications from the Commissioner of Police, Nagpur and
approached him continuously for five days. That the CP persistently
declined to meet the team and answer these simple queries, reveal his
unwillingness / inability to face these fair queries.
It also
suggests that he chose to hide certain facts. And this lead the team to
question the veracity of the Commissioner of Policeâs narration of the
encounter. The Cock and Bull story of the encounter thus compels the
team to infer that the encounter appears to be fake and requires, in the
interest of the nation, a fair probing.
The team therefore,
calls upon the Central government to appoint a judicial enquiry
committee headed by a retired judge of the Supreme Court and probe the
whole episode.
Labels: Fake Encounters, RSS Head Quaters
LESSON 3286 WED 26 Feb 2020
from
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered âMain Bharat Baudhmay karunga.â (I will make India Buddhist)
Thus have I heard:
On
one occasion, the BhagavÄ was staying among the Kurus at KammÄsadhamma,
a market town of the Kurus. There, he addressed the bhikkhus:
â Bhikkhus.â Bhaddante answered the bhikkhus. The BhagavÄ said:
â
This, bhikkhus, is the path that leads to nothing but the purification
of beings, the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, the disappearance
of dukkha-domanassa, the attainment of the right way, the realization of
NibbÄna, that is to say the four satipaášášhÄnas.
Which four?
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya in kÄya, ÄtÄpÄĢ
sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world.
He dwells observing vedanÄ in vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, having
given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing citta
in citta, ÄtÄpÄĢ sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa
towards the world. He dwells observing dhamma¡s in dhamma¡s, ÄtÄpÄĢ
sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world.
I. KÄyÄnupassanÄ
A. Section on ÄnÄpÄna
And
how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell observing kÄya in kÄya? Here,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, having gone to the forest or having gone at the
root of a tree or having gone to an empty room, sits down folding the
legs crosswise, setting kÄya upright, and setting sati parimukhaáš. Being
thus sato he breathes in, being thus sato he breathes out. Breathing in
long he understands: ‘I am breathing in long’; breathing out long he
understands: ‘I am breathing out long’; breathing in short he
understands: ‘I am breathing in short’; breathing out short he
understands: ‘I am breathing out short’; he trains himself: ‘feeling the
whole kÄya, I will breathe in’; he trains himself: ‘feeling the whole
kÄya, I will breathe out’; he trains himself: ‘calming down the
kÄya-saáš
khÄras, I will breathe in’; he trains himself: ‘calming down the
kÄya-saáš
khÄras, I will breathe out’.
Just as, bhikkhus, a
skillful turner or a turner’s apprentice, making a long turn,
understands: ‘I am making a long turn’; making a short turn, he
understands: ‘I am making a short turn’; in the same way, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, breathing in long, understands: ‘I am breathing in long’;
breathing out long he understands: ‘I am breathing out long’; breathing
in short he understands: ‘I am breathing in short’; breathing out short
he understands: ‘I am breathing out short’; he trains himself: ‘feeling
the whole kÄya, I will breathe in’; he trains himself: ‘feeling the
whole kÄya, I will breathe out’; he trains himself: ‘calming down the
kÄya-saáš
khÄras, I will breathe in’; he trains himself: ‘calming down the
kÄya-saáš
khÄras, I will breathe out’.
Thus he dwells observing
kÄya in kÄya internally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya externally,
or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally and externally; he
dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells
observing the passing away of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing
the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or else,
[realizing:] “this is kÄya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent
of mere ÃąÄáša and mere paášissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling
to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
kÄya in kÄya.
ā¤ā¤¸ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ā¤žā¤° ā¤ŽāĨā¤ā¤¨āĨ ⤏āĨā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ:
ā¤ā¤ ā¤
ā¤ĩ⤏⤰ ā¤Ē⤰, ā¤ā¤ā¤ĩ⤤āĨ ā¤āĨ⤰ā¤ĩāĨ⤠ā¤āĨ ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤ā¤žā¤° ā¤ā¤¸āĨā¤ŦāĨ ā¤ā¤ŽāĨā¤Žā¤¸ā¤§ā¤ŽāĨā¤Žā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤āĨ⤰ā¤ĩāĨ⤠ā¤āĨ ā¤ŦāĨā¤ ā¤°ā¤š ā¤°ā¤šāĨ ā¤ĨāĨāĨ¤ ā¤ĩā¤šā¤žā¤, ā¤ā¤¨āĨā¤šāĨā¤ā¤¨āĨ ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨā¤ā¤ ā¤āĨ ⤏ā¤ā¤ŦāĨ⤧ā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž:
- ā¤āĨā¤ā¤¸āĨ.- ā¤ā¤Ļā¤ā¤¤āĨ ⤍āĨ ā¤āĨā¤āĨā¤ā¤ ā¤ā¤ž ā¤ā¤ĩā¤žā¤Ŧ ā¤Ļā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤žāĨ¤ ā¤ā¤ā¤ĩā¤žā¤¨ ⤍āĨ ā¤ā¤šā¤ž:
-
ā¤¯ā¤š, ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨā¤āĨ, ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤Žā¤žā¤°āĨā¤ ā¤šāĨ ā¤ā¤ŋ⤏ā¤āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤°ā¤Ŗ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤Ŗā¤ŋ⤝āĨ⤠ā¤āĨ ā¤ļāĨā¤ĻāĨ⤧ā¤ŋ, ā¤ĻāĨā¤ā¤āĨ⤠ā¤ā¤°
ā¤ĩā¤ŋā¤˛ā¤žā¤ĒāĨ⤠ā¤Ē⤰ ā¤ā¤žā¤ŦāĨ ā¤Ēā¤žā¤¨āĨ, ā¤ĻāĨā¤āĨā¤-ā¤
⤧ā¤ŋā¤Žā¤žā¤¨ā¤¸ ā¤ā¤ž ⤞āĨā¤Ē ā¤šāĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ, ā¤¸ā¤šāĨ ā¤Žā¤žā¤°āĨ⤠ā¤āĨ
ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤ĒāĨ⤤ā¤ŋ, ⤍ā¤ŋā¤Ŧā¤žā¤Ŗ ā¤āĨ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤ĒāĨ⤤ā¤ŋ, ā¤
⤰āĨā¤Ĩā¤žā¤¤āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤°āĨ⤠ā¤ā¤ž ā¤Ŧā¤ā¤žā¤¨ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¨ā¤ž satipaášášhÄnasāĨ¤
ā¤āĨ⤍
⤏āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤°? ā¤¯ā¤šā¤žā¤, ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨā¤āĨ, ā¤ā¤ ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨā¤āĨ ⤞āĨ⤠ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž, ÄtÄpÄĢ ā¤¸ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ē⤤ā¤ā¤¨āĨ, ⤏⤤āĨā¤Žā¤ž, ā¤ŽāĨā¤
ā¤
ā¤ā¤ŋā¤ā¤žā¤¤-ā¤
⤧ā¤ŋā¤Žā¤žā¤¨ā¤¸ ā¤āĨ ⤏ā¤ā¤¸ā¤žā¤° ā¤āĨ ā¤ā¤° ā¤ĻāĨā¤ā¤¤āĨ ā¤šāĨā¤ ā¤°ā¤šā¤¤āĨ ā¤šāĨā¤āĨ¤ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤ĩāĨā¤Ļā¤žā¤¨ ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ĩāĨā¤Ļā¤¨ā¤ž,
⤏⤤āĨā¤Ēā¤Ļ ā¤¸ā¤¨ā¤žā¤āĨ⤍āĨ, ⤏⤤āĨā¤Žā¤ž ā¤ā¤ž ā¤Ēā¤žā¤˛ā¤¨ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ, ā¤ā¤ŋ⤏⤍āĨ ā¤ĻāĨ⤍ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤āĨ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰⤤ā¤ŋ
ā¤
ā¤ā¤ŋā¤ā¤žā¤¤-ā¤
⤧ā¤ŋā¤Žā¤žā¤¨ ā¤āĨ ⤤āĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤ ā¤Ļā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤šāĨāĨ¤ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤ĻāĨ⤍ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤
ā¤ā¤ŋā¤ā¤žā¤¤āĨ⤝-ā¤
⤧ā¤ŋā¤¨ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ā¤¤āĨā¤ĩ ā¤āĨ
ā¤āĨā¤Ąā¤ŧ⤤āĨ ā¤šāĨā¤, ⤏ā¤ŋā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž, ⤏⤤ā¤Ēā¤Ļ, ⤏⤤āĨā¤¯ā¤Ž, ā¤ŽāĨ⤠⤏āĨā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤āĨ ā¤ĻāĨā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨāĨ¤ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤§ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ž ¡ s, ⤧⤰āĨā¤Žā¤ž
⤏ā¤ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ā¤¨āĨ, ⤏⤤āĨā¤Žā¤ž, ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ĻāĨ⤍ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤āĨ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰⤤ā¤ŋ ā¤
ā¤ā¤ŋā¤ā¤žā¤¤-ā¤
⤧ā¤ŋā¤Žā¤žā¤¨ ā¤āĨ ⤤āĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤ā¤¤āĨ ā¤šāĨā¤ ā¤§ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ž
ā¤ā¤ž ā¤Ēā¤žā¤˛ā¤¨ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨāĨ¤
ā¤ā¤āĨ¤ ā¤āĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤¨āĨā¤Ēā¤žā¤¸ā¤¨ā¤ž
⤠ÄÄÄpÄna ā¤Ē⤰ ā¤§ā¤žā¤°ā¤ž
ā¤ā¤°
ā¤āĨ⤏āĨ, ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨā¤āĨ, ā¤āĨā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤Ļ⤰āĨā¤ļ⤍ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤āĨ ā¤šāĨā¤? ā¤¯ā¤šā¤žā¤, ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨā¤āĨ, ā¤ā¤
ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎āĨ, ā¤ā¤ā¤ā¤˛ ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ā¤˛ā¤ž ā¤ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ā¤ ā¤ĒāĨā¤Ąā¤ŧ ā¤āĨ ā¤ā¤Ąā¤ŧ ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ā¤˛ā¤ž ā¤ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ā¤ ā¤ā¤žā¤˛āĨ
ā¤ā¤Žā¤°āĨ ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ā¤ž ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ, ā¤ĒāĨ⤰āĨ⤠ā¤āĨ ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ąā¤ŧā¤ā¤° ⤍āĨā¤āĨ ā¤ŦāĨā¤ ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ, ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤āĨ ⤏āĨā¤§ā¤ž ā¤ā¤Ąā¤ŧā¤ž
ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ, ā¤ā¤° ⤏⤤āĨ ā¤āĨ ā¤Ē⤰ā¤ŋā¤āĨā¤°ā¤Žā¤ž ⤞ā¤ā¤žā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨāĨ¤ ā¤ā¤¸ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ā¤žā¤° ⤏āĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤¤āĨ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ,
ā¤ā¤¸ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ā¤žā¤° ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤žā¤¤āĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨāĨ¤ ⤞ā¤ā¤ŦāĨ ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤¯ ā¤¤ā¤ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨā¤
⤞ā¤ā¤ŦāĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ⤒; ⤞ā¤ā¤ŦāĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨ⤠⤞ā¤ā¤ŦāĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ
ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ⤒; ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ⤍āĨ ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤āĨā¤āĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ⤒; ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸
⤞āĨ⤍āĨ ā¤ŽāĨ⤠⤤ā¤ā¤˛āĨā¤Ģ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤āĨā¤āĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ⤒; ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤āĨā¤Ļ ā¤āĨ
ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ļā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎ā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ĒāĨ⤰āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤āĨ ā¤Žā¤šā¤¸āĨ⤏ ā¤ā¤°, ā¤ŽāĨā¤ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤ā¤ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤āĨā¤Ļ ā¤āĨ
ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ļā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎ā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ĒāĨ⤰āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤āĨ ā¤Žā¤šā¤¸āĨ⤏ ā¤ā¤°, ā¤ŽāĨā¤ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤ā¤ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤āĨā¤Ļ ā¤āĨ
ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ļā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎ā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž-⤏āĨā¤āĨ⤠ā¤āĨ ā¤ļā¤žā¤ā¤¤ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤āĨ ā¤šāĨā¤, ā¤ŽāĨā¤ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤ā¤ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š
ā¤āĨā¤Ļ ā¤āĨ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ļā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎ā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž-ā¤¸ā¤žā¤āĨ⤎⤰āĨ⤠ā¤āĨ ā¤ļā¤žā¤ā¤¤ ā¤ā¤°, ā¤ŽāĨā¤ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤ā¤ā¤ž’āĨ¤
ā¤āĨ⤏āĨ,
ā¤āĨā¤āĨā¤ļ, ā¤ā¤ ā¤āĨā¤ļ⤞ ā¤ā¤°āĨ⤍⤰ ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ā¤ ā¤ā¤°āĨ⤍⤰ ā¤āĨ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ļā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎āĨ, ā¤ā¤ ⤞ā¤ā¤ŦāĨ ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤°āĨ, ā¤¯ā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž
ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ā¤ ⤞ā¤ā¤Ŧā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ąā¤ŧ ā¤Ŧā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ⤒; ā¤ā¤ ā¤āĨā¤ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ąā¤ŧ ā¤Ŧā¤¨ā¤žā¤¨āĨ ā¤āĨ ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤Ļ, ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž
ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ā¤ ā¤āĨā¤ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ąā¤ŧ ā¤Ŧā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ⤒; ā¤ā¤¸āĨ ā¤¤ā¤°ā¤š, ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨā¤āĨ, ā¤ā¤ ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎āĨ, ⤞ā¤ā¤ŦāĨ
ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ, ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨ⤠⤞ā¤ā¤ŦāĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ⤒ ⤞ā¤ā¤ŦāĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š
ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨ⤠⤞ā¤ā¤ŦāĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ⤒; ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ⤍āĨ ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨā¤
ā¤āĨā¤āĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ⤒; ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ⤍āĨ ā¤ŽāĨ⤠⤤ā¤ā¤˛āĨā¤Ģ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤āĨā¤āĨ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸
⤞āĨ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ⤒; ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤āĨā¤Ļ ā¤āĨ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ļā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎ā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ĒāĨ⤰āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤āĨ ā¤Žā¤šā¤¸āĨ⤏ ā¤ā¤°, ā¤ŽāĨā¤
ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤ā¤ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤āĨā¤Ļ ā¤āĨ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ļā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎ā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ĒāĨ⤰āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤āĨ ā¤Žā¤šā¤¸āĨ⤏ ā¤ā¤°, ā¤ŽāĨā¤
ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤ā¤ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤āĨā¤Ļ ā¤āĨ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ļā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎ā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž-⤏āĨā¤āĨ⤠ā¤āĨ ā¤ļā¤žā¤ā¤¤ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤āĨ ā¤šāĨā¤,
ā¤ŽāĨā¤ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤ā¤ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤āĨā¤Ļ ā¤āĨ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ļā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎ā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ: ‘ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž-ā¤¸ā¤žā¤āĨ⤎⤰āĨ⤠ā¤āĨ ā¤ļā¤žā¤ā¤¤
ā¤ā¤°, ā¤ŽāĨā¤ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨā¤ā¤ā¤ž’āĨ¤
ā¤ā¤¸ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ā¤žā¤° ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ā¤ā¤¤ā¤°ā¤ŋ⤠⤰āĨā¤Ē ⤏āĨ ā¤ĻāĨā¤ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž
ā¤šāĨ, ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤šāĨ⤝ ⤰āĨā¤Ē ⤏āĨ ā¤ĻāĨā¤ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ, ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ā¤ā¤¤ā¤°ā¤ŋ⤠ā¤ā¤°
ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤šāĨ⤝ ⤰āĨā¤Ē ⤏āĨ ā¤ĻāĨā¤ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ; ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤
⤍āĨā¤āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ⤝āĨ⤠ā¤āĨ ā¤¸ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ļ⤝ ā¤ā¤ž ā¤
ā¤ĩ⤞āĨā¤ā¤¨ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž
ā¤šāĨ, ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ā¤ā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤āĨ ⤍ā¤ŋ⤧⤍ ā¤ā¤ž ⤍ā¤ŋ⤰āĨā¤āĨ⤎⤪ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ, ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ŽāĨ⤝ ā¤ā¤ž
ā¤
ā¤ĩ⤞āĨā¤ā¤¨ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ ā¤ā¤° ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤
⤍āĨā¤āĨ⤤ā¤ŋ⤝āĨ⤠⤏āĨ ā¤āĨā¤ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ; ā¤ĩā¤°ā¤¨ā¤ž, [ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤žā¤°:] “ā¤¯ā¤š
ā¤āĨā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ!” ⤏⤤āĨ ā¤ā¤¸ā¤āĨ ā¤Ēā¤žā¤¸ ā¤ŽāĨā¤āĨā¤Ļ ā¤šāĨ, ā¤āĨā¤ĩ⤞ ÃąÄ anda ā¤ā¤° ā¤Žā¤žā¤¤āĨ⤰ pa himissati ā¤āĨ
⤏āĨā¤Žā¤ž ⤤ā¤, ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤
ā¤˛ā¤ ā¤°ā¤šā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨ, ā¤ā¤° ā¤ĻāĨ⤍ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤āĨ ā¤ā¤ŋ⤏āĨ ā¤āĨ ā¤āĨā¤ā¤ŧ ⤏āĨ ā¤¨ā¤šāĨ⤠ā¤ā¤ŋā¤Ēā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨāĨ¤ ā¤ā¤¸
ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ā¤žā¤°, ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨā¤āĨ, ā¤ā¤ ā¤ā¤ŋā¤āĨ⤎āĨ ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ⤠ā¤ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ā¤ž ⤍ā¤ŋ⤰āĨā¤āĨ⤎⤪ ā¤ā¤°ā¤¤āĨ ā¤šāĨā¤āĨ¤
LESSON 3285 Tue 25 Feb 2020
from
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered âMain Bharat Baudhmay karunga.â (I will make India Buddhist)
THANKFUL FOR sweet TEACHERS LIKE YOU


You may wonder, âWho needs to learn to be awake? Surely, every
morning you awaken from the previous nightâs slumber!â Yes, but are you
really awake? Try this basic meditation exercise: sit in a relaxed
position, close your eyes and observe your own breath. Try to be fully
aware of every breath as it flows in and out of your nostrils for just
fifteen minutes; donât let a single breath pass by unnoticed. What is
the result? You, like most people, will find that for most of those fifteen
minutes you wasnât at all awakeârather, you were daydreaming. After observing
a mere handful of breaths, the mind begins to wander. you would bring the
mind back to your breath momentarily only to have it wander off again,
and again and again.
Our physical body is with us but the mind
has gone on holiday. This is an experience that is not unique to
meditation practice but one that constantly occurs in our everyday
lives. You often find yourself reading a book only to discover that you are not
really reading but instead thinking about how interesting it would be
to, say, write a dissertation on this book. Listening to an album but
not really listening, watching a film but not really watching itâĻawake
but not really awake and alive but not really alive. Your mind abandons you
and wanders away, straying into the realm of the past, the future and
fantasy; in this state we are not really awake and we are not truly
living.
To awaken is to learn the art of living; to master the mind and bring
it back to the reality of the present moment; to unite mind, body and
reality. To awaken is to bring the reality of the present moment to
life; to be mindful and aware of the present moment, to truly live the
present moment.








If we could see the miracle of a single flower clearly, our whole life would change.

The only real failure in life is not to be true to the best one knows.

But whether it be writing report cards or managing the classroom, daily
stresses can make it hard to keep that inspiration alive.
Weâve dug through dozens of books, teacher magazines, Pinterest boards,
and other blogs to find our favorite motivational quotes for teachers.
â William Arthur Ward
â Sidney J. Harris
â Harry Wong
â Gail Godwin
â John Lubbock
â Rudolf Steiner
â Albert Einstein
Teaching is an instinctual art, mindful of potential, craving of realizations, a pausing, seamless process.
â A. Bartlett Giamatti
â John Warren

A teacher affects eternity; he [or she] can never tell where his influence stops.
â Henry B. Adams
In teaching you cannot see the fruit of a dayâs work. It is invisible and remains so, maybe for twenty years.
â Jacques Barzun
The greatest use of a life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.
â William James
Thirty-one chances. Thirty-one futures,
our futures. Itâs an almost psychotic feeling, believing that part of
their lives belongs to me. Everything they become, I also become. And
everything about me, they helped to create.
â Esme Raji Codell
Teachers are people who start things they never see finished, and for which they never get thanks until it is too late.
â Max Forman
Teachers, who educate children, deserve
more honor than parents, who merely gave them birth; for the latter
provided mere life, while the former ensured a good life.
â Aristotle
What greater joy can a teacher feel than to witness a childâs success?
â Michelle L. Graham
Quotes about teaching students to think critically

The best education is not given to students; it is drawn out of them.
â Gerald Belcher
It is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge.
â Albert Einstein
Good teaching is more a giving of right questions than a giving of right answers.
â Josef Albers
The test of a good teacher is not how
many questions he can ask his pupils that they will answer readily, but
how many questions he inspires them to ask which he finds it hard to
answer.
â Alice Wellington Rollins
It must be remembered that the purpose of
education is not to fill the minds of students with factsâĻit is to
teach them to think, if that is possible, and always to think for
themselves.
â Robert Hutchins


Effective teaching may be the hardest job there is.
â William Glasser
A pro is someone who can do great work when he doesnât feel like it.
â Alastair Cook
EducationâĻis a painful, continual, and
difficult work to be done in kindness, by watching, by warningâĻby
praise, but above all, by example.
â John Ruskin
Teaching is not a lost art, but the regard for it is a lost tradition.
â Jacques Barzun
Teaching is the only major occupationâĻfor
which we have not developed tools that make an average person capable
of competence and performance. In teaching we rely on the naturals, the
ones who somehow know how to teach.
â Peter Drucker
Teachers are expected to reach
unattainable goals with inadequate tools. The miracle is that at times
they accomplish this impossible task.
â Haim Ginott
We can, whenever and wherever we choose,
successfully teach all children whose schooling is of interest to us. We
already know more than we need to know in order to do that. Whether or
not we do it must finally depend on how we feel about the fact we
havenât so far.
â Ron Edmonds

The most important part of teaching is to teach what it is to know.
â Simone Weil
Teaching is the greatest act of optimism.
â Colleen Wilcox
The art of teaching is the art of assisting discovery.
â Mark Van Doren
Teaching is the perpetual end and office
of all things. Teaching, instruction is the main design that shines
through the sky and earth.
â Ralph Waldo Emerson
Teaching is truth mediated by personality.
â Phyllis Brooks
The whole art of teaching is only the art
of awakening the natural curiosity of young minds for the purpose of
satisfying it afterwards; curiosity itself can be vivid and wholesome
only in proportion as the mind is contented and happy.
â Anatole France
Benevolence alone will not make a
teacher, nor will learning alone do it. The gift of teaching is a
peculiar talent, and implies a need and a craving in the teacher
himself.
â John Jay Chapman
One of the beauties of teaching is that
there is no limit to oneâs growth as a teacher, just as there is no
knowing beforehand how much your students can learn.
â Herbert Kohl
I have come to believe that a great
teacher is a great artist and that there are as few as there are any
other great artists. Teaching might even the greatest of the arts since
the medium is the human mind and spirit.
â John Steinbeck
I entered the classroom with the
conviction that it was crucial for me and every other student to be an
active participant, not a passive consumerâĻeducation that connects the
will to know with the will to become.
â Bell Hooks

Educationâs purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.
â Malcolm Forbes
Among the many purposes of schooling,
four stand out to us as having special moral value: to love and care, to
serve, to empower and, of course, to learn.
â Andy Hargreaves and Michael Fullan
The most important function of education
at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the
significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic
architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the
structure.
â Grayson Kirk
No one has yet fully realized the wealth
of sympathy, kindness, and generosity hidden in the soul of a child. The
effort of every true education should be to unlock that treasure.
â Emma Goldman
The object of teaching a child is to enable him [or her] to get along without his [or her] teacher.
â Elbert Hubbard
Any genuine teaching will result, if
successful, in someoneâs knowing how to bring about a better condition
of things than existed earlier.
â John Dewey
The ability to think straight, some
knowledge of the past, some vision of the future, some skill to do
useful service, some urge to fit that service into the well-being of the
community â these are the most vital things education must try to
produce.
â Virginia Gildersleeve
Education is much more than a matter of
imparting the knowledge and skills by which narrow goals are achieved.
It is also about opening the childâs eyes to the needs and rights of
others.
â Dalai Lama
One looks back with appreciation to the
brilliant teachers, but with gratitude to those who touched our human
feelings. The curriculum is so much necessary raw material, but warmth
is a vital element for the growing plant and for the soul of the child.
â Carl Jung

The future of the world is in my
classroom today, a future with the potential for good or badâĻ Several
future presidents are learning from me today; so are the great writers
of the next decades, and so are all the so-called ordinary people who
will make the decisions in a democracy.
âIvan Welton Fitzwater
No matter what accomplishments you achieve, somebody helped you.
â Althea Gibson
Thirty-one chances. Thirty-one futures,
our futures. Itâs an almost psychotic feeling, believing that part of
their lives belongs to me. Everything they become, I also become. And
everything about me, they helped to create.
â Esme Raji Codell
When the untapped potential of a student meets the liberating art of a teacher, a miracle unfolds.
â Mary Hatwood Futrell
[Kids] donât remember what you try to teach them. They remember what you are.
â Jim Henson

Teaching is the essential profession, the one that makes all professions possible.
â David Haselkorn
The work of a teacher â exhausting,
complex, idiosyncratic, never twice the same â is at its heart an
ethical enterprise. Teaching is the vocation of vocations.
â William Ayres
What office is there which involves more
responsibility, which requires more qualifications, and which ought,
therefore, to be more honorable, than that of teaching?
â Harriet Martineau
Teachers, I believe, are the most
responsible and important members of society because their professional
efforts affect the fate of the earth.
â Helen Caldicott
What greater or better gift can we offer the republic than to teach and instruct our youth?
â Cicero
If kids come to educators and teachers
from strong, healthy, functioning families, it makes our job easier. If
they do not come to us from strong, healthy, functioning families, it
makes our job more important.
â Barbara Colorose
To me the sole hope of human salvation lies in teaching.
â George Bernard Shaw
At the desk where I sit, I have learned
one great truth. The answer for all our national problems â the answer
for all the problems of the world â comes to a single word. That word is
education.
â Lyndon B. Johnson
These 60 teacher quotes encompass a vast range of opinions,
experiences and perspectives. It may be overwhelming to consider them
all at once. Itâs also easy to read a quote and become inspired, only to
promptly forget about it.

A method of internalizing these quotes â and the important ideas they
express â is to pick one that you find particularly inspirational, and
to live by it for one week. Make a goal to try to apply it in the
classroom during the school day.
Consider the following steps to make this more effective:
Teaching is a continually challenging profession, and the energy to
tackle each day in the classroom is often in short supply. Occasionally,
all you need is a little motivation to remind yourself why you teach.
Teacher burnout is a real problem. You shouldnât necessarily just go
looking for âmotivationâ when you need help with a lesson plan, a better
way to grade papers, or a more differentiated approach to teaching.
But sometimes a short, powerful quote can serve as a well-placed
reminder that your efforts are meaningful and important. After all, even
the best teacher needs a little extra push from time to time.
>>Create or log in to your teacher account on Prodigy â a free,
game-based learning platform for math thatâs easy to use for educators
and students alike. Aligned with curricula across the English-speaking
world, itâs loved by more than 1.5 million teachers and 50 million students.
LESSON 3284 Mon 24 Feb 2020
from
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered âMain Bharat Baudhmay karunga.â (I will make India Buddhist)
Sub:
Trump Card - Discuss Paper Ballots first. CAA, NRC issues next with
Murderer of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions
(Modi) who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to
win elections.
May you be ever happy, well and secure!May you live long !
May you be calm, quiet, alert, attentive and have equanimity mind with a clear understanding that everything is changing !!
This
is the VOICE of 99.9% All Aboriginal Awakened Societies including
SC/STs/OBCs/Religious Minorities and even the non-chitpavan brahmins
that your good self must discuss to use paper ballots in elections first
and the CAA, NRC issues next to save democracy, Liberty, Equality and
Fraternity as enshrined in our marvellous Modern Constitution for the
welfare, happiness and peace for all societies.
Ms Mayawati
supremo of BSP and four times CM of UP alone can challenge and defeat
the casteist, communal and pro-capitalist BJP (Bevakoof Jhoothe
Psychopaths) to liberate the country from the clutches of fascist rule.
Scheduled
Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Religious
Minorities, are able to secure our rights guaranteed under the
Constitution of India due to the incessant struggle and matchless
sacrifice of Babasaheb Dr. Bheemrao Ambedkar. But the caste-prejudiced
governments did not implement these rights to the benefit of our people.
As the result, despite the provisions of Constitution, our
socio-economic condition remained worst as before. Hence, Babasaheb
advocated us to form the government on our own by getting united under
one political platform and one leadership. In this direction, he
contemplated to launch the Republican Party of India during his
life-time. But he, perhaps, did not know that he would die so early even
before he could bring his plans into action. He could not complete the
task which was later on completed by Manyawar Kanshi Ram Saheb.
Tampering
of EVMs by BJP : EVMs/VVPATs has helped the BJP to defeat BSP in Uttar
Pradesh. They found that BSP is strong in UP and thinking that if they
could finish BSP in UP, BSP will die a natural death. That is how they
focused their entire strength to defeat BSP in UP. However, they could
not win through fair means. They had to resort to fraudulent way of
tampering the electronic voting machines (EVMs) to defeat BSP.
Mayawati’s best governance of UP as CM made her eligible to become the
PM of the country. This was not liked by the chitpavan brahmins as their
plan to bring hindutva cult in the country will be defeated. so they
tampered the fraud EVMs/VVPATs to defeat BSP which was in favour of the
Marvellous Modern Constitution which is for the welfare, happiness and
peace for all aboriginal societies.
BJP and company had used the EVMs in 2014 itself to win the General Election.
BSP thought that it was the mandate against the scams-ridden and scandals-tainted rule of Congress.
1. Why is America, a first-world country, still using paper ballots for the US Elections?
Americans still cast their votes for elections via paper ballots, and not by electronic voting.
HIGHLIGHTS
Reports have it that Americans feel safer in using paper ballots.
Printed ballots started in the US long after Revolutionary War.
Only form of e-voting in the US is via email or fax.
In
fact, if a free-spirited, chicken-loving American citizen wants to vote
for a KFC wing, they could do that too. Because even after over 15
years of debating over taking up electronic voting, America still uses
the paper ballot system to elect their representatives.
WHY IS THE PAPER BALLOT SYSTEM STILL PREVALENT IN THE US?
Security.
Reports
have it that Americans feel safer in using paper ballots as compared to
electronic voting machines, like the Murderer of democratic
institutions and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) who gobbled the
Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to win elections for the
BJP (Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths) remotely controlled by just 0.1%
intolerant, violent, number one terrorists of the word, ever shooting,
mob lynching, lunatic, mentally retarded, foreigners from Bene israel,
Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Germany, Northern
Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc, etc. do.
A TIME report quotes the
US Election Assistance Commission Chairman Tom Hicks saying that the
“primary reasons” paper ballots are used in most states are “security
and voter preference”.
The report also says e-voting is not highly
preferred because of the cost it comes with: the need for new voting
machines, upgrades, are “greatly restricted by budget”.
Another
argument is that politicians would not got for e-voting over the
dearly-known paper ballot ritual, which has been “accurately modeled
from decades of polling and analysis”.
But here’s the deal:
considering that Americans use electronic gadgets for banking,
educational purposes and even security, this logic may not stand tall
for long. Though it has been around for quite some time now.
HOW LONG HAS THE PAPER BALLOT BEEN AROUND IN THE US?
Printed
ballots came into fashion in the US long after the American
Revolutionary War, before which people cast their votes by calling out
their preferences in public. Most states had moved to secret ballots
after 1884’s presidential election of. By 1892, voting in private became
prevalent.
Printed ballots did not come into some seven states of
America until the 20th century. Over the years, voting rights evolved in
the US but so was not quite the case with the technology involved in
voting. Hence, through the 1900s, forms of the paper ballot remained in
fashion.
Presently, though secret ballot is most prevalent across the
US, some states use mail ballots. In this case, the ballot is sent to
the voter’s home, they mark their choice and mail it via post. Oregon
and Washington conduct all elections by mailed ballots.
E-VOTING IN THE US
The
only form of e-voting in the US is via email or fax. Technically, the
voter is sent a ballot form, they fill it in, return it by email, or fax
a digital photo of the ballot with their choice marked.
CAN A VOTER VOTE FOR A NON-CANDIDATE IN THE PAPER BALLOTS?
Say
a voter writes Sheldon Cooper or Kim Kardashian’s name on the ballot
paper, and mark them for their presidential choice. They can do that.
Known
as a “write in” candidate, such unofficial candidates garner a lot of
vote in American elections. A BBC report says that Mickey Mouse is an
all-time favourite in the country.
However, the odds of a write-in
candidate becoming the US president are almost the same as the winning
candidate “rowing across the Atlantic in a one-person rowboat and
calling upon the Queen”, says constitutional law expert Professor Rogers
Smith.
In short, it is nearly almost out of the question.
SO WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF THE US GIVING UP ON PAPER BALLOTS?
Based
on what political scientists and various studies and op-eds have to
say, it is slim-to-none. A Scientific American report voices their fear
of e-voting quite clearly: “No one has yet figured out a straightforward
method of ensuring that one of the most revered democratic institutions
- in this case, electing a US President - can be double-checked for
fraud, particularly when paperless e-voting systems are used.”
https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/02/22/trump-to-discuss-caa-nrc-issues-with-modi-during-india-visit-senior-us-administration-official/
Trump to discuss CAA, NRC issues with Modi during India visit: Senior US administration official
United
States President Donald Trump will discuss the issues concerning the
Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the proposed National Registrar of
Citizens (NRC) with Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his upcoming
visit to India, a senior US Administration official said on Friday.
Speaking
to reporters here, the official said that the US has great respect for
Indian Democratic traditions and institutions and âwill continue to
encourage India to upholdâ them.
âPresident Trump will talk about
our shared tradition of democracy and religious freedom, both, in his
public remarks and certainly in private. He will raise these issues,
particularly the religious freedom issue thatâs very important for this
(Trump) administration. We have our shared commitment of upholding our
universal values, the rule of law,â the senior official told the
reporters here.
âWe have great respect for Indian Democratic
traditions and institutions and we will continue to encourage India to
uphold those traditions. We are concerned about the issues that you (the
reporter) have raised,â the official said, referring to the reporterâs
questions on whether the CAA and NRC issues would be raised.
âThe
president will talk about these issues, in his meetings with Prime
Minister Modi and note that the world is looking at India to continue to
uphold its democratic tradition,â the official added.
CAA,
which promises citizenship to Hindu, Sikh, Jain, Parsi, Buddhist, and
Christian refugees from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh, is facing
stiff opposition across the country with some states including Kerala,
West Bengal, Rajasthan and Punjab refusing to implement it.
Accompanied
by a 12-member delegation, President Trump will arrive in India on a
two-day visit on February 24. The visiting dignitary is also expected to
attend an event at the Motera Stadium in Ahmedabad, named âNamaste
Trump,â on the lines of the âHowdy Modiâ function that was addressed by
the US President and Modi in Houston in September last year.
Trump
and First Lady Melania Trump will have an extensive schedule for
February 25 when they arrive in the national capital of India. According
to sources, there will be multiple meetings and delegation-level talks
apart from the exchange of agreements.
2. April Fool !!
VOICE of ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS)
https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/politics/mayawati-first-to-accept-amit-shahs-challenge-for-public-debate-on-caa/ar-BBZd86i
National
Population Register (NPR) which will kick off on April 1 must be
applicable for just 0.1% intolerant, violent, militant, number one
terrorists of the world, ever shooting, mob lynching, lunatic, mentally
retarded foreigners from Bene Israel, Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern
Europe, Western Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc,
etc., chitpavan brahmins of Rowdy/Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks (RSS) plan to
establish stealth and shadowy hidutva cult chitpavan brahmins who claim
as 1st rate athmas (souls) kshatrias, vysias, shudras, as 2nd, 3rd, 4th
rate souls and aborignal SC/STs/ Religious Minorities considered as
having no souls at all so that all sorts of atrocities could be
committed on them. But the Buddha never believed in any soul. He said
all are equal on which our marvelous modern constitution is written.The
chitpavan brahmins wants no other religion or is caste exists. The
chitpavan brahmins never believe elections. Their leaders are chosen by
selection in general and by the EVMs/VVPATs in particular. The chitpavan
brahmins DNA report says that they are of foreign origin kicked out
from Bene Israel, Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western
Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc, etc. They will
never register in NPR because of their DNA Origin.
Before that
https://www.gopetition.com/petitions/declare-rss-a-terrorist-organization.html
Declare
RSS (Rowdy/Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks) a Terrorist OrganizationFounded in
1925, the RSS took direct inspiration from the European fascist
movements of the 1920s-1940s, including the Nazi Party.
Today, it has metastasized into a 6 million + member uniformed and armed paramilitary.
The
RSS is responsible for acts of gross violence, including participating
in every major pogrom in independent Prabuddha Bharat.
All
ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS) & the US State Department
are called to declare the RSS a terrorist organization.
The RSS
is infamous for its members dressing in uniforms which strongly resemble
those worn by members of the Hitler Youth. It was founded in 1925, the
same year that the Nazi party was reformulated with Hitler as its
leader. In addition to drawing inspiration from the Nazis, the RSS
modeled itself after Mussoliniâs fascist movement in Italy. In 1931, RSS
co-founder BS Moonje met Mussolini in Rome. After praising the
dictatorâs fascist youth group, ONB, for its âmilitary regenerationâ of
Italian youth, Moonje wrote, âPrabuddha Bharat and particularly stealth
shadowy hindutva cult need some such institution for the military
regeneration of the hindutvaites.â He claimed that âthe idea of fascism
vividly brings out the conception of unity amongst peopleâ and declared:
âOur institution of Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh of Nagpur under Dr
Hedgewar is of this kind.â
The longest-serving RSS chief, M.S.
Golwalkar, called it treason for an Prabuddha Bharatian to convert away
from stealth shadowy hindutva cult or refuse to âglorify the hindutva
race and nation.â In 1939, he also wrote glowingly in support of Nazi
racial policy: âTo keep up the purity of the race and its culture,
Germany shocked the world by her purging the country of the Semitic
races â the Jews. Race pride at its highest has been manifested here.â
He
called this âa good lesson for us in Prabuddha Bharat to learn and
profit by.â In its June 2019 report, the United States Commission on
International Religious Freedom warned that the RSSâs agenda âto
alienate non-hindutvaites or All ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES
including SC/STs/Religious Minorities/OBCs is a significant contributor
to the rise of religious violence and persecution.
Notable brahmins in general and chitpavan brahmins in particular
Chitpavan
brahmins are âTerroristsâ January 28, 2016 by patriot Prabuddha
bharatians Prof. Vilas Kharat for Beyond Headlines A scientific research
has concluded after extensive study of DNAs of various castes in India
that Brahmins are in fact foreigner to the country they have been ruling
for thousands of years. This three-part article will bring out some of
the interesting facts. It is written by Prof. Vilas Kharat, Director,
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Research Centre, New Delhi. â Editor
The
brahmins misused their Brains as like the Prostitutes. The brahmins are
the foreigners in India. There are thousands of evidences in Rig- Veda.
In Rig- Veda, Indra is called as âPurandaraâ means one who destroys the
cities (Puras). There are many hymns (slokas) in the Rig- Veda depicting
how Brahmins had attacked on the aboriginal Indians by different
cunning tactics. A Rig- Veda is the basic evidence of the Brahmins
cunningness. Many evidences of the Brahmins being foreigners as well as
the foreign invaders in India are seen in Rig- Veda. The brahmins are
invaders; the Rig- Veda also gives evidences that they are very cruel
and uncivilized peoples.After reading the Rig- Veda, I came to my honest
opinion that, only Brahmins are the true terrorists in the World! If
anyone would write the history of terrorism in the World, then, he would
be needed to start writing it from the events recorded in the Rig-
Veda. In the 10th Mandala of Rig- Veda, the Varna system supportive bunk
that is Purush-Sukta is written- at which time actually it was written?
The brahmins killed numerous aboriginal Naga peoples of India. After
that, in order to prevent the future generations of these Nagas from
raising their heads again, the Purush-sukta is attached to Rig- Veda by
the brahmins in later times to maintain their supremacy. In that sukta,
they told an imaginary story that, the upper three Varnaâs of brahmin,
Kshatriya and Vaishyas are born from the upper parts of the Brahma and
so by excluding the Shudras, they allotted all the special powers to the
upper classes only. They named these upper three Varnas as âDvijâ. Dvij
means a twice born upper caste Eurasian. One natural birth through the
womb of his mother and another birth mean the authority of the Upanayana
ceremony. The brahmins another philosophy is that, they are born
through the mouth of the Brahma; hence, the brahmins are the great.
Rashtrapita Jotirao Phule had exposed this Brahma-conspiracy
(Brahma-Ghotala) for the first time. According to this philosophy, the
brahmins are born through the mouth of the Brahma; hence, brahmins are
the great but are present brahmins giving birth to their children from
their mouth instead of giving natural births from their pregnant women?
Does any brahmin get pregnant through his mouth? If this could be proved
by any Brahmin then we will accept their greatness. For what the
Brahmins are great? The brahmins are so much cunning, heretics and
lowest peoples that we wonât be able to find such a lowest being in the
other parts of the World. Those cunning, heretic and lowly peoples used
their Brains as like the prostitutes! These Brahmins only had created
the Varna system and made the aboriginal Indians powerless by declaring
them as the Shudras and then divided these Shudras into 6 thousand
different castes in the later times. They separated one class among
those Shudras and declared them as the untouchables. The Brahmins also
created the criminal tribes and the Nomadic tribes. They also enslaved
the women and allotted them the status lower than that of the
Shudra-Atishudras. Thatâs why; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar had used a special
term for them in the following words that âThe Brahmins have used their
brains as like prostitutesâ!The Brahmins own opinions stating that they
are the foreigners. During the British rule, some foreign thinkers like
Rhode, Schlegal Patti, Jacob, Lassen, Max Muller, Schleccher, Mommsen,
Monier Williams had stated that, the Brahmins are not of an Indian
origin and their origin is in Central Asia. Bal (Keshav) Gangadhar
Tilak, a chief terrorist among the Brahmins had written a book named
âThe Arctic Home in the Vedasâ. At his time, it was generally accepted
that the Brahmins are foreigners in India but there were different
opinions regarding from where did they come? According to Tilak,
brahmins came from the North Arctic region, however; some other thinkers
said that, they came from Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe,
Western Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc, etc. When
the British were calling Brahmins as the foreigners in India, then,
Brahmins, too, were accepting their opinions gladly. A reason behind
this was that, it was a true fact but the other practical reason was
that, Brahmins were suggesting to the British that, as like you, we too,
are the foreigners in India; so, together we both would rule on these
aboriginal Prabuddha Bharatians.(1) In Manusmriti, there is one hymn
(sloka), which proves that the brahmins are the foreigners. Manusmriti
hymn no. ||24||Meaning: âbrahmins are originated in another country.
(brahmins are the Dvijas born in a foreign land). The brahmins should
live forcefully in this country!â(2) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Arctic Home in
the Vedas):- âMy effort is limited to the Vedic literature only. In the
Vedas, there are some events which are secreted and hence, become
difficult to understand. If we would study them with the help of the
modern science, then, we would come to the conclusion that the ancestors
of the Vedic Aryans were residing in the region of Northern Arctic land
at the end of an Ice Ageâ.(3) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhiâs chief guest
speech in 39th convocation of Congress which was published in âAajâ
newspaper on 27th December 1924.On âUn-touchabilityâ with courtesy:-âOne
more obstacle, which is on the way to Swarajya is un-touchability and
peoples canât make a demand for their Swarajya or can get it, until they
donât give freedom to their SC/ST brothers. By drowning them, they have
drowned their own ship. Now a day, the British invaders are treating us
badly more or less similar to the invaders of the Aryan caste peoples
who had treated the aboriginals of Hindustanâ.(4) Pandit Javaharlal
Nehru: â Nehru had written a letter to his daughter Indira Gandhi in the
form a book whose title is âA letter from father to his daughterâ. In
this letter, Nehru had clearly written that, Brahmins are the foreigners
and they have destroyed the Indus civilization by attacking on it.âCome
and let us see what happened in Prabuddha Bharat. We have seen before
that in ancient days, India possessed its own culture and civilization
as Egypt. Those who inhabited it at that time were known as Dravidians.
Their descendants are today living around about Madras. The Aryans
invaded these Dravidians from the North. Surely, these Aryans must have
been a big force in Central Asia, who had to go and live in other
countries for want of food.â(5) In his book âBharat Varsh ka Itihasâ,
Lala Lajpatrai had clearly written on page no. 21 -22 that, Brahmins are
the foreigners.(6) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Bharat Varsh ka Itihas, Page
no. 87-89. Writer- Mishra Bandhu)(7) Pandit Shyambihari Mishra, M.A.,
M.R.A.S. and Pandit Sukhdev Bihari Mishra, M.A., M.R.A.S. in their book
âBharat Varsh ka Itihas, Part-1, Page no. 62-63)(8) In a monthly
magazine of âMadhuriâ published by Pandit Janardan Bhatt; in which, an
article published in 1925- âBhartiya puratatva ki nayi khojâ (page no.
27-29)(9) Shri Pandit Gangaprasad, M.R.A.S., Deputy Collector, U.P. and
Ex. Professor of Merath College written boo âJati Bediâ (Page no.
27-30)(10) âRavindra Darshanâ written on Ravindranath Tagore by Sukh
Sanpatri Bhandari (Page no. 81-82)(11) âBhartiya Lipitatvaâ (Page no.
47-51) written by Nagendranath Basu, M.A., M.R.A.S.(12) The famous
Rigveda translator, Rameshchandra Dutta written âPrachin Bharatvarsh ki
Sabhyata ka Itihas, Part-1â (Page no. 17-19)(13) Hindi writer Mahavir
Dvivedi written âHindi Bhasha ki Uttpatiâ(14) Babu Shyam Sundar, B.A.,
Secretary of Kashinagari Pracharani Sabha and Editor of Hindi Shabda
Sagar Kosh, Professor of Banaras Hindu University written book- âHindi
Bhasha ka Vikasâ (Page no. 3-7)(15) Pandit Laxminarayan Garde, B.A.,
Editor of âShrikrushna Sandeshâ (On the page no. 8-9 and on 29 of book
âHindutvaâ written by him)(16) Pandit Jagannath Pancholi Gaud written
book- âAryon ka adim nivasâ(17) Rai Bahadur Chintamani Vinayak Vaidya,
M.A., LL.B., written book- âMahabharat Mimansaâ(18) Swami Satyadevji
Paribhrajak written book- âJati Shikshaâ ( Page no. 8 and 9)(19)
Ramanand Chatterjee, chief guest of the 29th Conference of Akhil
Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha and Editor of âModern Reviewâ. He said in his
chief guest speech that, Brahmins are the foreigners.(20) Acharya
Prafulla Chandra Raiâs article published in daily news paper âAajâ on 29
th November 1926.(21) Editor of âDesh-Bhaktâ (Page no. 29th February
1924)(22) Yogeshchandra Palâs monthly news paper âPremache Vrindavanâ
published in May 1927. Page no. 136-143.(23) The first Backward
Commission was established under the head of Kaka Kalelkar in which he
had admitted that, brahmins are the foreigners. Not even this but he had
proudly written that, as like the British we are also the foreigners in
IPrabuddha Bharat- âThis is a general tendency of peoples of this
country to live under the influence of powerful peoples to safeguard
their lives and to make their living happy and protected. During that
period only, peoples of this country had accepted the supremacy of the
brahmins and their Sanskrit language. In the later times, when the
rulers changed, they accepted the supremacy of the Arabians and
Persians. After that, the British came and all peoples accepted their
supremacy happily.If we want to give some old name to these peoples, who
have a power to keep the masses under their control, then, we can call
them as Brahmins. During the British rule, those who were calling them
as the Brahmins were the British them self. They were claiming
themselves that, âWe are the brahmins todayâ.In the Swarajya too, these
brahmins are the only rulers, whether they might be of any caste or any
religion or any country. Politics is under the control of brahmins only.
Educational system is in their hands and the Media which controls the
masses is also in their hands.â (Referance: Adhunik Bharat ke Nirmata:-
Kakasaheb Kalelkar, Writer- Ravindra Kelekar, Page no. 594-95,
Publishing Department, Information and Technology Ministry, Government
of India)The British were saying that, âWe are the Brahmins todayâ. It
clearly means that, as like Brahmins we are the foreigners in India.
However; Kalelkar shamelessly said that the present so called
Independence belongs to the foreigner Brahmins only!(24) P. V. Kane: â
History of the religious texts.(25) Radhakumud Mukherjee: â Hindu
Sabhyata- Page no. 41 and 47- âThe chief history of India starts with an
entry of the Aryansâ. In reality, itâs not a true history and there is
no entry of the Aryans but there is invasion of the Aryans in India!(26)
D. D. Kosambi: Prachin Bharat ki Sanskruti aur Sabhyata- Kosambi also
states that, Brahmins destroyed the Indus Civilization.(27) Rahul
Sanskrutyayan: Volga to Ganga(28) Jayadev Dikshit and Pratap Joshi
(IPS), these Koksnastha Brahmins also gives their opinions that,
brahmins are the foreigners. After the disclosure of DNA research report
(2001), Joshi had written a book named âGreek Origins of the Kokanastha
Chitpavansâ. In fact, it was Joshiâs reaction after disclosure of the
detailed postal address of brahmins by Michael Bamshad. For one thing we
are thankful to Joshi that, he at least accepted that Brahmins are the
foreigners in India! Finally, what remains is that, the Kobra Brahmins
tried to connect their relations with the Greek civilization which is
just a shameless attempt! The brahmins are trying to show their
relations with the Greek civilization only to give greatness to their
immorality, drunkennness and open sexuality. In reality, there is no
truth in their claims!(29) N. G. Chaphekar- This âchitpavanâ brahmin has
given his different opinions in his article of âfrom where did
Chitpavanas came?â A common conclusion of all these statements is that,
Brahmins came to this country from outside. On page no. 295, he has
included some opinions of K. R. Joshi which are given as it
is.âRegarding from where did Kokanastha come, my thinking is that, they
might have come from the costal route of Sindh-Kathewad-Gujarath to
Kulaba and Ratnagiri and then settled in these districts. Reasons:- If
we would think through the linguistic point of view, we will find an
extensive similarity between the old language of the Kokanastha and
Gujarathi language; e.g. Ke Se (in Chitpavan language), meaning âwhere
are youâ becomes Kya Che (in Gujarathi); Ghodo for horse, Kutro for Dog
in Chitpavan language becomes Dhodo for horse, Kutiya for Dog in
Gujarathi. Some old Chitpavan peoples talk their old Chitpavan language
words with nasal tone as like the Hindu peoples of the Sindh. The
chitpavan peoples are less united since their tribes descended slowly
from the North to south and due to the long interval between these
tribes, the successive tribes couldnât get mixed with their earlier
tribes. (K. R. Joshi, Jalgaon)â(30) V. K. Rajwade: â He also said
proudly that, brahmins are the foreigners.(31) Swami Dayanand Saraswati:
â He also had stated that, Brahmins are the foreigners.(32) By taking
âseparate conferences of the brahminsâ the present brahmins also proved
the fact that they are the foreigners.Now, I think these evidences are
sufficient to prove that the Brahmins are foreigners in Prabuddha
Bharat.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitpavan
Peshwa from the Bhat family of Balaji Vishwanath
Bene
Israel Jews of Raigad districtIndian scholar Ramakrishna Gopal
Bhandarkar has shown similarity between names of chitpavan brahmins and
the geographical sites in Palestine.Balaji Vishwanth BhatBalaji Baji Rao
Chitpavan
brahmin community included Dhondo Keshav Karve, Justice Mahadev Govind
Ranade,Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar,Vinoba Bhave.The
chitpavan brahmin community includes two major politicians in the
Gandhian tradition: Gopal Krishna Gokhale, whom Gandhi acknowledged as a
preceptor, and Vinoba Bhave, one of his outstanding disciples. Gandhi
describes Bhave as the “jewel of his disciples”, and recognised Gokhale
as his political guru.
Your’s Sincerly
Jagatheesan Chandraeskharan
KUSHINARA
NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL
GOAL
DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT!
Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice.
LESSON 3284 Mon 24 Feb 2020
from
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered âMain Bharat Baudhmay karunga.â (I will make India Buddhist)
Classical Sindhi,
Classical Sindhi
ØŦŲ ØˇØąŲØ
Ø¯ØąŲŲÚ ÚØ§ŲÚ ŲŊØąŲ
Ųž
ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ ØŦŲ ŲÚĒ ŲžŲØąŲŲ Ø¯ŲŲØ§ ØŦŲ ØĩØ¯Øą Ø§ÚØ§ ØĒاØĻŲŲ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ ØŦŲ ÚŲŲÚ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲžŲŲžØą بŲŲŲŊ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ
Ø§Ų ÚĒŲØ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ.
ذŲŲŲ:
ŲŊØąØ§Ųž ÚĒØ§ØąÚ - ŲŲÚ Ú¯ØąØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲžŲØąŲŲŲ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨. ØŗŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ø§ŲØ ØŦŲ
ŲŲØąŲ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ ØŦŲ ŲØĒŲ ÛŊ
Ų
Ø§ØŗŲŊØą Ų
ŲŲØ§ØĻÚģ ŲØ§ØąØ§ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ (Ų
ŲØ¯Ų) ØŦŲ ŲØĒŲ ØŗØ§Ų Ø§ŲŲØ¯Ú اŲŲ ØĸØą ØŗŲ Ų
ØŗØĻŲŲ ØŦŲ
Ø§ŲØĒØŽØ§Ø¨ ÚĒŲØ¯Ų ÚĒØ§Ų
ŲØ§Ø¨ ŲŋŲÚģ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲØąØ§Ú Ø§Ų Ø§ŲŲ
ÚŲ / ŲŲ ŲŲ ŲžŲŲŊ ØŦŲ Ø°ØąŲØšŲ Ų
Ø§ØŗŲŊØą ÚĒŲÚĒ
ÚŠŲ Ú¯ŲØ¨Ų ÚĒŲŲ.
ÚØ§ ØĒŲŲØ§Ų ØŗØ¯Ø§ØĻŲŲ ØŽŲØ´ ŲŋŲØ ÚÚąŲ ØˇØąØ ÛŊ Ų
ØŲŲØ¸ ØĸŲŲ! ØĒŲŲØ§Ų ØŗØ¯Ø§ØĻŲŲ ØąŲŲØ¯Ø§ ØĸŲŲŲ!
ÚØ§ ØĒŲŲ ØŽØ§Ų
ŲØ´ ŲŋŲØ ؎اŲ
ŲØ´Ø ØŽØ¨ØąØ¯Ø§ØąŲØ ØŗŲ
ØŦÚžØ¯Ø§Øą ÛŊ Ų
ØŗØ§ŲØ§ØĒ ØŗØ§Ų ÚžÚĒÚŲ ØŗŲ
ØŦÚž ØŗØ§Ų ØŗŲ
ØŦÚžŲØ ØŦŲÚĒØ§ ÚžØą Ø´ŲØĄ Ø¨Ø¯ŲØ§ØĻŲ ŲŋŲ.
اŲŲ
99.9ŲĒ ØŗÚŲŲ ØŗŲ
ŲØąŲ Ø¨ŲØ¯Ø§ØąØ§ŲŲ ØĒŲØ¸ŲŲ
Ų ØŗŲ
ŲØĒ ØŦŲ Ø§ŲØŗ اŲŲ
Ø§ŲØŗ ØĸŲŲ Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§Ų Ø§ŲØŗ /
Ø§ŲØŗ ØŗŲ / Ø§Ų Ø§Ų Ø¨Ų ØŗŲ / Ų
Ø°ŲØ¨Ų اŲŲŲØĒŲ ÛŊ Ø§Ų ÚŠØ§Ų ØŗŲØ§ØĄ ØēŲØą ÚØĒŲģŲ Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲÚĒŲ
ØĒŲŲØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØŗŲēŲ ŲŲØŗ ÚŲŲÚŲŲ ŲžŲØąŲŲ ÛŊ ØŗŲ Ø§Ų Ø§ŲØ اŲŲ ØĸØą ØŗŲ Ų
ØŗØĻŲŲ Ûž ŲžØ¨ŲÚĒ Ø¨ŲŲŲŊ
Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ
Ø§Ų ÚĒØąÚģ ØĒŲ Ø¨ØØĢ ÚĒØąÚģ Ú¯ŲØąØŦŲ. Ø ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲØ Ø¨ØąØ§Ø¨ØąŲ ÛŊ ŲØąŲŋŲŲØĒ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ØŗÚŲŲ ØŗŲ
ŲØąŲ
ØŦØ¯ŲØ¯ ØŦØ¯ŲØ¯ اØĻŲŲ ØŗÚŲŲ Ų
ØšØ§Ø´ØąŲ ØŦŲ ÚŲØ§ØĻŲØ ØŽŲØ´ØØ§ŲŲ ÛŊ اŲ
Ų ŲØ§ØĄ ØĒŲØ§Øą ÚĒŲŲ ØĸŲŲ.
بŲ
Ø§ŲØŗ ŲžŲ ØŦŲ Ų
اØĻŲ Ų
ØĻŲØ§ØĻŲŲŊŲ ØŗŲžØąŲŲ ÛŊ ŲŲŲžŲ ØŦŲ ÚØ§Øą Úبਧ اÚĒŲŲŲ Ø§ÚĒŲŲŲ Ø°Ø§ØĒ ØŦŲ Ø°Ø§ØĒ
ŲžØŗŲØ¯Ø ØŗØ§Ų
ØąØ§ØŦŲ ÛŊ ŲžØąŲ ØŗØąŲ
اØĻŲØ¯Ø§Øą Ų
ŲÚĒ ÚŠŲ ÚØ§ØŗØŗŲŊ ØąØ§Ú ØŦŲ ÚĒÚØąŲ ÚŠØ§Ų Ų
ŲÚĒ ÚŠŲ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯
ÚĒØąÚģ ŲØ§ØĄ ÚŲŲŲŲØŦØ ØŗØ§Ų
ØąØ§ØŦŲ ÛŊ ŲžØąŲŲžØĻØŗŲŊØŗŲŊŲØąŲŊ ÚŠŲ Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ÚŲØĻŲ ÚÚŲŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲ ŲŋŲ.
Ų
ØŗŲØŗŲ
ØŦØ¯ŲØŦŲØ¯ ÛŊ Ø¨Ų ØŦØ§ŲØ¨Ø¯Ø§Øą ŲØąØ¨Ø§ŲŲØ Ø¨Ø§Ø¨Ø§Ø´ŲØ¨ ÚØ§ÚĒŲŊØą بŲŲ
ŲŲŲŲ
Ų Ø§Ų
Ø¯ŲØąÚĒØ§Øą ØŦŲ Ø¨ŲŲØ§Ø¯ ØĒŲ
Ų
ŲØąØą ÚĒŲŲ ŲØ¨ŲŲŲØ Ø´Ø§Ú¯ØąØ¯Ų ØŦŲ ØĸØ¨Ø§Ø¯ŲØ ŲģŲŲŲ ŲžØŗ Ų
ŲØ¸Øą ØˇØ¨ŲŲ ÛŊ Ų
Ø°ŲØ¨Ų اŲŲŲØĒŲØ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų
ØŦŲ ØĸØĻŲŲ ØŦŲ ØļŲ
Ø§ŲØĒ ÚŠŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØŲ Ų
ØŲŲØ¸ ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦŲ ŲØ§Ø¨Ų ØĸŲŲ. ŲžØą ذاØĒ ŲžØ°ŲØą
ØÚĒŲŲ
ØĒŲ ØŦŲ Ø¨ŲŲØ§Ø¯Ų ØĒŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ØŦŲ Ų
اÚģŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØĻØ¯Ų ÚŠŲ Ø§ŲŲŲ ØŲŲ ØĒŲ ØšŲ
Ų ŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ
ØĸŲŲ. ŲØĒŲØŦŲ ØˇŲØąØ ØĸØĻŲŲ ØŦŲ ØØ¯Ų ØŦŲ Ø¨Ø§ŲØŦŲØ¯Ø Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØˇŲØą ØĒŲØ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØŗŲ
اØŦŲ Ø§Ų
Ø§ŲØĒØĩØ§Ø¯Ų ØØ§ŲØĒ ØŽØąØ§Ø¨ ØąŲŲ. اŲŲŲØĄ ÚĒØąŲØ Ø¨Ø§Ø¨Ø§ŲŲØ¨ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ÚŠŲ ÚŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ÚŠŲ ŲÚĒ
ØŗŲØ§ØŗŲ ŲžŲŲŲŊ ŲØ§ØąŲ
ÛŊ ŲÚĒ Ø§ÚŗŲØ§ÚģŲ ŲŲŲē Ø§ØĒØØ§Ø¯ ØØ§ØĩŲ ÚĒØąÚģ ØĒŲ ØÚĒŲŲ
ØĒ Ų稧ŲŲŲ. ŲŲ ŲØ¯Ø§ŲØĒ
ÛžØ ŲŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ Ø˛ŲØ¯Ú¯Ų ØŦŲ ŲŲØĒ Ûž ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØŦŲ
ŲŲØąŲŲ ŲžØ§ØąŲŊŲ ÚŠŲ ŲØ§ŲÚ ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦŲ
Ø§ØąØ§Ø¯Ų ÚĒŲŲ. ŲžØą Ø´Ø§ŲØ¯Ø Ø´Ø§ŲØ¯Ø ŲŲ ÚŠŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ų
ØšŲŲŲ
ŲØ§ŲŲ ØĒŲ ŲŲ ŲŲ ÚŠØ§Ų Ø§Úŗ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ
Ų
ŲØĩŲØ¨Ų Ûž ÚĒØ§ØąŲØ¨Ø§Øą ØĸÚģŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲ ŲŋŲØ ŲŲ ÚŠØ§Ų ØŦŲØ¯Ų Ų
ØąŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų. ŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ ÚĒŲ
Ų
ÚĒŲ
Ų ŲŲ
ÚĒØąŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲŲ ØŦŲŲŲ ÚŠŲ Ø¨ØšØ¯ Ûž ÚĒبǨਧØĻŲŲØąŲØą ÚĒŲØ´Ų
Ų ØąØ§Ų
ØŗŲØą ØˇØąŲØ§Ų Ų
ÚĒŲ
Ų ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ.
بÛ
ØŦÛ ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų Ø§Ų Ø§ŲŲ
اŲŲ
ØŦŲ ŲŊŲžŲÚ¯ ÚĒØąÚģ: Ø§Ų Ø§ŲŲ
اŲŲ
/ ŲŲ ŲŲ ŲžŲŲŊØŗ اØĒØą ŲžØąØ¯ŲØ´ Ûž بŲ
Ø§ŲØŗ ŲžŲ ÚŠŲ Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ÚØĻŲ Ø¨Ų ØŦŲ ŲžŲ ØŦŲ Ų
دد ÚĒØĻŲ ØĸŲŲ. ŲŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ų
ØšŲŲŲ
ÚĒŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø¨Ų Ø§ŲØŗ
ŲžŲ ŲŲ Ûž Ų
ØļØ¨ŲØˇ ØĸŲŲ ÛŊ ØŗŲÚÚģ Ú¯ŲØąØŦŲ ØĒŲ ØŦŲÚĒÚŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ ŲŲŲžŲ Ûž Ø¨Ų Ø§ŲØŗ ŲžŲ ÚŠŲ ØŽØĒŲ
ÚĒØąŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲŲ ŲŋØ§Ø Ø¨Ų Ø§ŲØŗ ŲžŲ ŲØ¯ØąØĒŲ Ų
ŲØĒ ÚŠØ§Ų Ų
ØąŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų. اŲŲ ÚĒŲØĻŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ø¨Ų
Ø§ŲØŗ ŲžŲ ŲŲ ŲžŲ Ûž Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ÚØĻŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ŲžŲØąŲ ØˇØ§ŲØĒ ØĒŲ ÚŲØ§Ų ÚØĻŲ ØąŲŲØ§ ØĸŲŲ. Ø¨ŲØąØØ§ŲØ
اŲŲ ØĩØŲØ ØˇØąŲŲŲ ØŗØ§Ų ŲŲ ŲŋŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲŲ. اŲŲŲ ÚŠŲ Ø¨Ų Ø§ŲŲ
Ø§ŲØŗ ÚŠŲ Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ÚØĻŲ Ø§ŲŲÚĒŲŊØąØ§ŲÚĒ
ŲŲŲŊØąŲ ØŦŲ Ų
Ø´ŲŲŲ (Ø§Ų Ø§Ų Ø§ŲŲ
Ø˛) ÚŠŲ ØŽØĒŲ
ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦŲ Ø¯ŲÚŠŲ ØˇØąŲŲŲ ØŗØ§Ų ØąØŦŲØš ÚĒØąÚģŲ
ŲžŲŲØ¯Ų. Ų
Ø§ŲØ§ŲØĒŲ ŲŲ Ø§ŲØŗ ØŦŲ Ø§ØšŲŲ Ú¯ŲØąŲŲ
ŲŲŲŊ ÚŠŲ Ø§ØšŲŲ ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ Ų
ŲÚĒ ØŦŲ ŲØ˛ŲØąØ§ØšØ¸Ų
بŲŲŲ ŲŲŲ. اŲŲ ÚŲžŲÚŲ Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲ ØˇØąŲØ§Ų ŲžØŗŲØ¯ ŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ ŲŲ ØĒŲ ØŦŲØĻŲ Ų
ŲÚĒ Ûž ÚŲ
ÚĒŲŲŲ
ŲžŲØĒŲ ØĸÚģÚģ ØŦŲ ŲžŲØ§Ų ÚŠŲ Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ÚŲŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų. ØĒŲŲŲÚĒØąŲ اŲŲ Ø¨Ų Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ ÚŠŲ Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ÚŲŲ
ŲŋŲŲŲ ØĒŲ ÚŲžŲŊŲ Ø§ŲÚ ÚŲ / ŲŲ ŲŲ ŲžŲŲŊ ÚŠŲ ŲŲŋŲ ŲŲēŲØ ØŦŲÚĒØ§ ØŦØ¯ŲØ¯ Ų
اŲŲ ØĸØĻŲŲ ØŦŲ ØŲ Ûž
ŲØĻŲ ØŦŲÚĒØ§ ØŗÚŲŲ ØēØąŲØ¨Ų Ų
ØšØ§Ø´ØąØĒŲ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲŲØ§ØŲØ ØŽŲØ´ØØ§ŲŲ ÛŊ اŲ
Ų ŲØ§ØĄ ØĸŲŲ.
Ø¨Ų ØŦŲ ŲžŲ ÛŊ ÚĒŲ ŲžŲŲ 2014 Øš Ûž Ø§Ų Ø§ŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ø˛ ÚŠŲ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ Ø§Ų ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲ ØĒŲ ØŦŲØąŲ اŲŲÚĒØ´Ų Ų Ø§ÚģŲ.
Ø¨Ų Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ ØŗŲÚŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ø§ØŗÚĒŲŲÚŲ ÛŊ Ų ŲÚŲ ØŦŲ Ø§ØŗÚĒŲŲÚŲ-Ų Ø§ŲŲØŗ ØÚĒŲ ØąØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØŽŲØ§Ų Ų ŲŲÚŲŲŊ ŲŲ.
1. ØĸŲ ØąŲÚĒØ§ ÚŲ ØĸŲŲØ ŲžŲØąŲŲ Ø¯ŲŲØ§ ØŦŲ ØĸŲŲØ Ø§ÚØ§ ØĒاØĻŲŲ ØĸŲ ØąŲÚĒØ§ ØŦŲ ÚŲŲÚŲŲ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲžŲŲžØą بŲŲŲŊ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ Ø§Ų ÚĒØąŲ ØąŲŲØ§ ØĸŲŲØ
ØĸŲ ØąŲÚĒŲ Ø§ÚØ§ ØĒاØĻŲŲ ÚŲŲÚŲ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲŲŲŊØąŲ Ø¨ŲŲŲŊ ØŦŲ Ø°ØąŲØšŲ ŲŲŲŊ ŲŲ ÚŲŲØ¯Ø§ ŲØĻØ§ ÛŊ ŲŲ Ø§ŲŲÚĒŲŊØąØ§ŲÚĒ ŲŲŲŊØąŲ Ø°ØąŲØšŲ.
HIGHLIGHTS
ØąŲžŲØąŲŊŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ ÚĒØ§ØēØ°Ų ØŦŲ Ø¨ŲŲŲŊ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ
Ø§Ų Ûž Ų
ØŲŲØ¸ Ų
ØØŗŲØŗ ÚĒŲ ŲŋŲŲŲ.
ÚŲžŲŲ Ø¨ŲŲŲŊØŗ اŲŲŲØ§Ø¨Ų ØŦŲÚ¯ ڊاŲŲžŲØĄ ÚÚ¯ŲŲ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ Ûž Ø´ØąŲØš ŲŋŲ.
ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ Ûž اŲ-ŲŲŲŊØą ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØąŲ
Ø§Ų Ų
ŲŲ ŲØ§ ŲŲÚĒØŗ Ø°ØąŲØšŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ.
ØŲŲŲØĒ
ÛžØ ØŦŲÚĒÚŲŲ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ ØąŲØØ§ŲŲØ ÚĒÚĒÚŲŲØ¯Ú ŲžŲØ§Øą ÚĒŲØ¯Ú ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ Ø´ŲØąŲ ÚĒŲŲŲ ÚŠŲ Ø§ŲŲ ØŗŲ Ø§ŲŲ
ØŦŲ ŲŲŲŊ ÚŲÚģ ŲØ§ØĄ ÚØ§ŲŲŲØ¯Ø§Ø اŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ ŲžÚģ ÚĒØąŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲ Ųŋا. ÚŲ ØĒŲ 15 ØŗØ§ŲŲ ÚŠØ§Ų ŲžŲØĄ
Ø¨Ų Ø§ŲŲÚĒŲŊØąØ§ŲÚĒ ŲŲŲŊ ÚŠÚģÚģ ØĒŲ Ø¨ØØĢ ÚĒØąÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų ŲžŲØĄØ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ Ø§ÚØ§ ØĒاØĻŲŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ŲŲ
اØĻŲØ¯Ų
ÚŠŲ ÚŲŲÚ ÚĒØąÚģ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲžŲŲžØą بŲŲŲŊ ØŗØŗŲŊŲ
Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ
Ø§Ų ÚĒØąŲ ŲŋŲ.
اŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ Ûž ÚŲÚĒØąŲ ŲØ§ØąŲ Ø¨Ø§ŲØ§ ŲØ¸Ø§Ų
Ų
ŲØŦŲØ¯ ØĸŲŲØ
ØŲاظØĒ.
ØąŲžŲØąŲŊŲŲ
اŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ ŲŲŲŊØąŲ ŲŲŲŊŲÚ¯ ØŦŲ Ų
Ø´ŲŲŲ ØŦŲ Ų
ŲØ§Ø¨ŲŲ Ûž ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ ØŦŲ ŲžŲŲžØą بŲŲŲŊ
ØŦŲ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ
Ø§Ų Ûž Ų
ØŲŲØ¸ Ų
ØØŗŲØŗ ŲŋØĻŲ ŲŋŲØ ØŦŲÚŲÚĒ ØŦŲ
ŲŲØąŲ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ ØŦŲ ŲØĒŲ ØšØ§Ų
ÛŊ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ
ØŦŲ Ų
ابŲŲ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ (Ų
ŲØ¯Ų) ØŦŲ Ų
Ø§ŲØą ŲŲØ ØŦŲÚĒŲ Ø¨Ų ØŗŲ ØŦŲ Ø§ŲŲÚĒØ´Ų ÚŠŲ ÚĒØ§Ų
ŲØ§Ø¨Ų ØØ§ØĩŲ
ÚĒØąÚģ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲØąØ§Ú Ø§Ų Ø§ŲŲ
ÚŲ / ŲŲ ŲŲ ŲžŲŲŊ ØŦŲ Ø°ØąŲØšŲ Ų
Ø§ØŗŲŊØą ÚĒŲÚĒ ÚŠŲ Ú¯ŲØ¨Ų ÚĒŲŲ.
(Ø¨ŲØąŲÚĒŲŲ ØŦØĒŲØĒŲ ŲŲØŗŲاØĒŲØ§ØĒ) Ø°ØąŲØšŲ ŲŲÚĒŲ ÚĒŲŲŊØąŲŲ ØĒŲ ØĩØąŲ 0 ØŗŲÚĒÚŲØ Ø§ŲØĒŲØ§ØĻŲ ØØąÚĒØĒ
ÚĒŲØ¯ÚØ Ø¯ŲØ´ØĒ Ú¯ØąØ¯Ų ŲØ§ØąŲ ŲÚĒ Ø¯ŲØ´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯Ø Ø¯ŲØ´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯Ø Ų
ŲØ¨Ø§ØĻŲŲ ŲŲŲÚØ ŲØ§ŲÚØ ذŲŲŲ ØˇŲØą
ØĒŲ ŲžŲēØĒŲØ بŲŲŲØ§ Ø§ŲØąØ§ØļŲ ÚŠØ§Ų ÚØ§ØąŲŲØ ØŗØ§ØĻØ¨ØąŲØ§Ø ØĒبØĒØ ØĸŲØąŲÚĒØ§Ø Ų
Ø´ØąŲŲ ŲŲØąŲžØ Ų
ØēØąØ¨Ų
ØŦØąŲ
ŲŲØ اØĒØą ŲŲØąŲžØ ÚÚŠÚģ ØąŲØŗŲØ ŲŲÚ¯ØąŲØ ŲØēŲØąŲ ŲØēŲØąŲ.
ŲÚĒ ŲŊاØĻŲŲ
ØąŲžŲØąŲŊ ŲÚŠŲ ŲŋŲ
ØĒŲ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ Ø§ŲŲÚĒØ´Ų Ų
دد ÚĒŲ
ŲØ´Ų ØŦŲ ÚŲØĻØąŲ
ŲŲ ŲŊاŲ
ŲÚŠØŗØŗ اŲŲ ÚŲÚģ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ “ŲžØąØ§ØĻŲ
ØąŲ
ØŗØ¨Ø¨Ų” ŲžŲŲŊØą بŲŲŲŊ اÚĒØĢØą ÚĒØąŲ ØąŲØ§ØŗØĒŲ Ûž Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ
Ø§Ų ÚĒŲØ§ ŲŲØ§ ØĸŲŲ “ØŗŲÚĒŲŲØąŲŊŲ ÛŊ ŲŲŲŊØą
ØĒØąØŦŲØ”.
ØąŲžŲØąŲŊ Ûž ŲžÚģ ÚŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ŲŲÚĒŲŊØąÚĒ ŲŲŲŊŲÚ¯ Ø§ŲØĒŲØ§ØĻŲ ŲžØŗŲØ¯ŲØ¯Ų ŲŲ
ØĸŲŲ ÚŲ ØĒŲ Ø§Ų ØŗØ§Ų Ú¯Ú ØŽØąÚ Ø§ÚŲ ŲŋŲ: ŲŲŲ ŲŲŲŊØąŲ ØŦŲ Ų
Ø´ŲŲØąŲ ØŦŲ ØļØąŲØąØĒØ Ø§Ųž Ú¯ØąŲÚØ
“بØŦŲŲØĄ ØˇØąŲØ§Ų ØĒŲ
اŲ
Ú¯ŲÚģŲ Ų
ØØ¯Ųد ØĸŲŲ”.
ŲÚĒ ŲģŲ Ø¯ŲŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ ØŗŲØ§ØŗØĒداŲ
ØŦŲÚĒŲ ŲØ§Ų
Ø˛Ø¯ ŲŋŲŲ ŲžŲŲžØą بŲŲŲŊ ØąØŗŲ
Ø§ŲØŽØˇ ØĒŲ Ø§Ų ŲŲŲŊ ÚŲÚģ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ø§ ŲØĻØ§Ø ØŦŲ
ÚŠŲ “ØĸØŽØąŲ ÚŲØ§ÚĒŲ ØŦŲ ŲžŲŲŲŲÚ ÛŊ ØĒØŦØ˛ŲŲ Ų
Ø§Ų ØĩØŲØ ŲŲ
ŲŲŲ” Ų
ŲØąØą ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ.
ŲžØą
ŲØĒŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ų
ؚاŲ
ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ: ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ Ø¨ØĻŲÚĒŲÚ¯Ø ØĒØšŲŲŲ
Ų Ų
ŲØĩØ¯Ų ÛŊ ØØĒŲ ØŗŲÚĒŲŲØąŲŊŲ ŲØ§ØĄ
اŲŲÚĒŲŊØąØ§ŲÚĒ Ú¯ŲØŦØŗ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ
Ø§Ų ÚĒŲ ŲŋØ§Ø Ø§ŲŲ Ų
ŲØˇŲ ÚÚ¯ŲŲ ØšØąØĩŲ ØĒاØĻŲŲ ÚÚ¯ŲŲ ŲŲ ŲŋŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲ.
ØŦŲØĒŲÚģŲÚĒ Ø§ŲŲ ŲŲØĒ ÚĒØŦŲŲ ŲŲØĒ ØĒاØĻŲŲ ÚØąØŗØ§Ų ŲŋŲ ÚÚĒŲ ØĸŲŲ.
ØĸŲ ØąŲÚĒØ§ Ûž ÚĒŲØĒØąŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ ØĸŲ ØąŲÚĒØ§ Ûž بØĻŲŲŊ ÚØ§ ØĸŲŲØ
ÚŲžŲŲ
بŲŲŲŊ ØŦŲÚĒŲ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ Ø§ŲŲŲØ§Ø¨Ų ØŦŲÚ¯ ÚŠØ§Ų ŲžŲØĄ ÚÚ¯ŲŲ Ø§Ų
ØąŲÚĒØ§ Ûž ŲŲØ´Ų Ûž ØĸŲØ§ ŲØĻØ§Ø اŲŲŲ
ÚŠØ§Ų Ø§Úŗ Ų
اÚģŲŲ Ų
اÚģŲŲ ÚŠŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ØĒØąØŦŲØŲ ÚŠŲ ØšŲØ§Ų
ØŦŲ ØĒØąØŦŲØŲ ÚŠŲ ÚĒÚÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų Ų쨧بą
ÚĒÚŲŲ. 1884 ØŦŲ ØĩØ¯Ø§ØąØĒŲ ÚŲŲÚ ÚŠØ§Ų ŲžŲØĄ Ú¯ŲÚģŲŲŲ ØąŲØ§ØŗØĒŲŲ ÚŗØŦŲŲ ŲŲŲŊØąŲ ÚØ§ŲŲŲ ŲÚŲŲŲ
ŲŲŲŲ. 1892 Øš ØĒاØĻŲŲØ ŲŲŲŊ ØŦŲ ŲØŦŲ Ûž ŲžÚŠÚØŦŲ ŲØĻŲ.
ÚŲžŲŲ Ø¨ŲŲŲŊŲŲ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ ØŦŲ
ÚĒØŦŲŲ ØŗØĒ ØąŲØ§ØŗØĒŲ ÚŠØ§Ų 20 ŲŲŲ ØĩØ¯Ų ØĒاØĻŲŲ ŲŲ Ø§ŲŲØ¯Ø§. Ø§Ų ÚŠØ§Ų ØšŲØ§ŲŲ ÚĒŲØĒØąŲ ØĻŲ ØŗØ§ŲŲ
ÚŠØ§Ų ŲŲŲŊØąŲ ØŦŲ ØŲŲ Ûž اŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ Ûž ŲØ§Ú ÚĒØĻŲ ŲØĻŲØ ŲžŲØĄ Ø§ŲØĒØąŲ ØĒاØĻŲŲ ŲŲŲŊŲÚ¯ Ûž شاŲ
Ų
ŲŋŲÚģ ŲØ§ØąŲ ŲŊŲÚĒŲØ§ŲاØŦŲ ØŦŲ ØĩŲØąØĒ Ûž ÚĒØ§ŲŲ ŲŲ ŲØĻŲ. اŲŲŲØĄ ÚĒØąŲØ 1900 ØŦŲ Ø°ØąŲØšŲØ
ÚĒØ§ØēØ°Ų ØŦا ŲØ§ØąŲ
ŲŲØ´Ų بŲŲ Ûž ØąŲŲ.
ØØ§ŲاŲÚĒŲØ ÚŗØŦŲŲ Ø¨ŲŲŲŊ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ Ûž ØŗÚ ÚŠØ§Ų ŲÚŲÚĒ
ØĸŲŲØ ÚĒØŦŲŲ ØąŲØ§ØŗØĒŲ Ûž Ų
ŲŲ Ø¨ŲŲŲŊ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ
Ø§Ų ÚĒŲØ¯Ø§ ØĸŲŲ. اŲŲŲ ØĩŲØąØĒ ÛžØ ŲŲŲŊØą ØŦŲ Ú¯ŲØą
ÚØ§ŲŲŲ ŲŲŲŊ Ų
ŲÚĒŲŲ ŲØĻŲ ØĸŲŲØ اŲŲŲ ÚŠŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ŲžØŗŲØ¯ ÚŠŲ ŲØ´Ø§Ų ŲÚŗØ§ØĻÚģ ÛŊ ŲžŲØŗŲŊ Ø°ØąŲØšŲ
ŲžŲØŗŲŊ ÚĒØąŲ ÚÚŲŲ. Ø§ŲØąŲŲÚ¯ ÛŊ ŲØ§Ø´ŲÚ¯ŲŊŲ ØŗÚŲŲ ÚŠØ§Ų Ų
ŲÚĒŲŲŲ Ø¨ŲŲŲŊ Ø°ØąŲØšŲ ÚŲŲÚŲŲ ÚĒŲŲŲ
ØĸŲŲ.
ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ Ûž اŲŲŊŲÚ¯
ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ Ûž Ø§Ų ŲŲŲŊ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØØ¯ ØąŲŲž Ø§Ų Ų
ŲŲ ŲØ§ ŲŲÚĒØŗ
Ø°ØąŲØšŲ ØĸŲŲ. ŲŊŲÚĒŲØ§ŲاØŦŲØ ŲŲŲŊØą ŲÚĒ Ø¨ŲŲŲŊ ŲØ§ØąŲ
Ų
ŲÚĒŲŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲØ اŲŲ Ø§Ų ÚŠŲ
ÚØąŲŲØ¯Ø§Ø Ø§Ų ÚŠŲ Ø§Ų Ų
ŲŲ Ø°ØąŲØšŲ ŲØ§ŲžØŗ ØĸÚģŲŲØ¯Ø§Ø ŲØ§ ŲÚĒØŗ بŲŲŲŊ ØŦŲ ÚØŦŲŲŊŲ ŲŲŲŊŲ Ø§ŲŲŲ
ØŦŲ ŲžØŗŲØ¯ ØŗØ§Ų ŲØ´Ø§Ų ŲÚŗŲ.
ÚØ§ Ø´Ø§ŲØ¯ ŲŲŲ Ø¨ØĻŲŲŊ باŲŲŲŊ Ûž ŲÚĒ ØēŲØą Ų
ØšŲØ§ØąŲ ŲŲŲŊ ŲŲēŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲŲ ŲŋاØ
ŲÚĒ
ŲŲŲŊØą بŲŲŲŊ ŲžŲŲžØą ØĒŲ Ø´ŲŲÚŲŲ ÚĒŲŲž ŲØ§ ÚĒŲŲ
ÚĒØ§ØąÚØ´ŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ŲŲ ŲÚŠŲŲ ØĸŲŲØ ÛŊ اŲŲŲ ÚŠŲ
ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ØĩØ¯Ø§ØąØĒŲ Ø§ŲØĒØŽØ§Ø¨ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲØ´Ø§Ų ŲÚŗØ§ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. اŲŲ ÚĒØąŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲ ŲŋŲŲŲ.
ŲÚĒ “ŲÚŠØĒ
Ûž” اŲ
ŲØ¯ŲØ§Øą ØˇŲØą ØŗÚاØĒŲ ŲŲŲØ ØŦŲÚŲÚĒ ØēŲØą ØąØŗŲ
Ų Ø§Ų
ŲØ¯ŲØ§Øą ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ ÚŲŲÚŲ Ûž Ú¯ŲÚģŲ ŲŲŲŊ
ØØ§ØĩŲ ÚĒŲ Ųŋا. Ø¨Ų Ø¨Ų ØŗŲ ØŦŲ ØąŲžŲØąŲŊ Ûž ÚŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ Ų
ÚŠŲ Ų
Ø§Ø¤Øŗ Ų
ŲÚĒ Ûž ŲØą ŲŲØĒ
ŲžØŗŲØ¯ŲØ¯Ų ŲžØŗŲØ¯ ØĸŲŲ.
Ø¨ŲØąØØ§ŲØ ŲØ§ŲŲŲ ŲÚŠÚģ ŲØ§ØąŲ Ų
Ø§ŲØą ŲžØąŲŲŲØŗØą ØąØ§ØŦØą ØŗŲ
Ųŋ ÚŲŲ
ŲŋŲØ ŲÚĒ ŲÚŠØĒ Ûž ŲØ§Ų
Ø˛Ø¯ اŲ
ŲØ¯ŲØ§Øą ØŦŲ Ø¨ŲŲ
Ø§ØąŲ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ ØĩØ¯Øą ØŦŲ ØŗØ§ÚŗŲŲ ØĻŲ Ø§Ų
ŲØ¯ŲØ§Øą
اŲ
ŲØ¯ŲØ§Øą “ŲÚĒ Ø´ØŽØĩ ŲØˇØ§Øą بŲŲŊ Ûž اØĻŲŊŲØ§ŲŲŊÚĒ ØŦŲ ŲØˇØ§Øą ÛŊ ŲØˇØ§Øą ØĒŲ ØŗÚÚģ” ØĸŲŲ.
Ų
ØŽØĒØĩØą ÛžØ Ø§ŲŲ ØŗŲØ§Ų ØĒŲØąŲØ¨Ų ØĒŲØąŲØ¨Ų ÚŠØ§Ų ŲģØ§ŲØą ØĸŲŲ.
ŲžŲØĄ اŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ ØŦŲ ÚØ§ŲØŗŲ ØĒŲ ÚØ§ Ø¨Ø§ŲØ§ بŲŲŊŲŲŊ ØĒŲ Ú¯ŲØĻØąŲÚ¯ ÚØ§ ØĸŲŲØ
ÚĒŲÚŲ
ØŦŲ ØŗŲØ§ØŗŲ ØŗØ§ØĻŲØŗØ¯Ø§Ų ÛŊ Ų
ØŽØĒŲŲ Ų
ØˇØ§ŲØšØ§ØĒ ÛŊ ا؎ØĒØĩاØĩŲ ØĒŲ ŲģÚØ§ØĻÚģ ØŦŲ Ø§ŲŲ ÚŲÚģ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲØ
اŲŲ ŲžØĒŲØ§ ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ÚžÚĒÚŲ ØŗØ§ØĻŲØŗŲ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ ØąŲžŲØąŲŊ ŲžŲÚžŲØŦŲ ŲØ§ØļØ ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ ŲØ§ØļØ ØˇŲØą
ØĒŲ ŲŲŲŊ ØŦŲ ØŽŲŲ ÚŠØ§Ų ØĸŲØ§Ø˛ ÚØĻŲ ŲŋŲ: “Ø§ÚØ§ ØĒاØĻŲŲ ÚžÚĒÚŲ ØŗÚŲ ØˇØąŲŲŲ ŲÚž ØŗŲ
ØŦÚžŲŲ ØĸÚžŲ
ØŦŲ ÚžÚĒÚŲ ŲØ§Ø¨Ų ØĒØšØąŲŲ ŲØ§ØąŲ ØŦŲ
ŲŲØąŲ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ - ÚžŲ ØĩŲØąØĒ ÛžØ ŲŲ ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ ØĩØ¯Øą ÚŲŲÚŲŲ -
ŲØ§ØĄ ŲģŲÚžŲ ÚÚĒØ§Øŗ ÚĒØĻŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų دŲÚŠŲØ ؎اØĩ ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ ØŦÚŲŲ Ø§ØŽØ¨Ø§Øą ŲžŲ Ø§Ų Ø¨Ų ŲŲŲŊŲÚ¯ ØŗØŗŲŊŲ
Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ
Ø§Ų ÚĒŲØ§ ŲŲŲØ¯Ø§ ØĸŲŲ. “
https://northeastlivetv.com/âĻ/trump-to-discuss-caa-nrc-issâĻ/
ØŗŲ ØŗŲ Ø§Ų ØĒŲ Ø¨ØØĢ ÚĒØąÚģ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲŊØąŲžØ ÚØ§ØąØĒ Ûž Ų
ŲØ¯Ų ØŗØ§Ų Ø§ŲŲ ØŗŲ ØŗŲ Ų
ØŗØĻŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø¯ŲØąŲ ÚĒØąŲ ŲŋŲ: ØŗŲŲØĻØą ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ Ø§ŲØĒØ¸Ø§Ų
ŲŲ ØŦŲ ØŗØąÚĒØ§ØąŲ
ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ
ØĩØ¯Øą ØĩØ¯Øą ÚŲŲØ§ŲÚ ŲŊØąŲ
Ųž ØŗŲŊŲŲŊŲØ´Ų ØĒØąŲ
ŲŲ
Ų Ø§ŲÚĒŲŊ (CAA) ÛŊ ŲØ˛ŲØąØ§ØšØ¸Ų
ŲŲØ§Ø˛ Ø´ØąŲŲ
ŲØąŲŲØ¯Øą Ų
ŲØ¯Ų ØŗØ§Ų Ú¯Ú Ø§ŲÚŲØ§ ØŦŲ ŲŲØ´ŲŲ ØąŲÚ¯ØŗŲŊØ§ØąŲŊØą ØŦŲ Ø§Ų Ų
ØŗØĻŲŲ ØĒŲ ØŽŲØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲ ÚŲ
ŲŲē ÚĒŲØ¯Ų.
ŲØĒØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØąŲžŲØąŲŊØąŲ ØŗØ§Ų ÚŗØ§ŲŲØ§ØĻŲŲØ¯ŲØ ØŗØąÚĒØ§ØąŲ ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ ÚŲŲ ØĒŲ
ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒاŲŲ ÚŲŲ
ŲÚĒØąŲŲŊÚĒ ØąŲØ§ŲØĒŲŲ ÛŊ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲÚŲ Ø§ØØĒØąØ§Ų
ÚĒŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ÛŊ
“اŲÚŲØ§ ÚŠŲ ŲŲŋŲ ÚŲÚģ ØŦŲ ØŲØĩŲŲ Ø§ŲØ˛Ø§ØĻŲ ØŦØ§ØąŲ ØąŲŲØ¯Ų”.
“ØĩØ¯Øą ŲŊØąŲ
Ųž ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ
ØšŲØ§Ų
Ų ØąÚĒØ§ØąÚ ÛŊ ŲŲŲŲŲ ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ ØŽØ§ŲÚ¯Ų ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ ØŦŲ
ŲŲØąŲØĒ ÛŊ Ų
Ø°ŲØ¨Ų ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯Ų ØŦŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ØŦŲ
Ú¯ÚŲŲ ØąŲØ§ŲØĒ بابØĒ ÚŗØ§ŲŲØ§ØĻŲŲØ¯Ų. ŲŲ Ø§ŲŲŲ Ų
ØŗØĻŲŲ ÚŠŲ Ø¨ŲŲØ¯ ÚĒŲØ¯ŲØ ØŽØ§Øĩ ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ
Ų
Ø°ŲØ¨Ų ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲØĄ ØŦŲ Ų
ØŗØĻŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ ŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØĄ (ŲŊØąØ§Ųž) Ø§ŲØĒØ¸Ø§Ų
Ų Ø§ŲŲ
ŲØĒ ØĸŲŲ.
Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ŲŲŊ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØšØ§ŲŲ
Ų ØĢابØĒŲØ§ØĒØ ŲØ§ŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ØÚĒŲ
ØąØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØĻŲ
ÚĒŲŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ØŦŲ Ú¯ÚŲŲ
ŲØ§Ø¨ØŗØĒÚ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ. “ØŗŲŲØĻØą ØĸŲŲØŗØą ŲØĒŲ ØĩØØ§ŲŲŲ ÚŠŲ ŲģÚØ§ŲŲ.
“Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ÚŠŲ Ø§ŲÚŲŲ
ÚŲŲ
ŲÚĒØąŲŲŊÚĒ ØąŲØ§ŲØĒŲŲ ÛŊ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲÚŲ ØšØ˛ØĒ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ ÛŊ Ø§ØŗŲŲ Ø§Ų ÚŠŲ ØąŲØ§ŲØĒŲŲ
ØŦØ§ØąŲ ØąÚŠÚģ ŲØ§ØĄ ØŦØ§ØąŲ ØąŲŲØ¯Ø§. Ø§ØŗØ§Ų Ø§ŲŲŲ Ų
ØŗØĻŲŲ Ø¨Ø§Ø¨ØĒ ÚŗÚģØĒŲ ØĸŲŲ ØŦŲÚĒŲ ØĒŲŲØ§Ų
(ØąŲžŲØąŲŊØą) اŲŋŲØ§ ØĸŲŲØ “ØĸŲŲØŗØą ÚŲŲ ØĒŲØ ØŗŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ø§Ų ÛŊ اŲŲ ØĸØą ØŗŲ Ų
ØŗØĻŲŲ ÚŠŲ Ø§ÚŗØĒŲ
ŲÚØ§ØĻŲØ ØĸŲØ§ ØąŲžŲØąŲŊØą ØŦŲ ØŲاŲŲ ØŗØ§Ų.
ØĩØ¯Øą ØĸØĩŲ ØšŲŲ Ø˛ØąØ¯Ø§ØąŲ Ų
ŲØ¯Ų ØŗØ§Ų Ú¯Ú
ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲŲ Ų
ØŗØĻŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø¨Ø§ØąŲ Ûž ÚŗØ§ŲŲØ§ØĻŲŲØ¯Ø§ØŗŲŲ ÛŊ ŲŲŲŊŲØŗ ŲŲēŲ Ø¯ŲŲØ§ دŲŲØ§ ØŦŲ ØŦŲ
ŲŲØąŲ
ØąŲØ§ŲØĒ ÚŠŲ Ø¨ØąŲØąØ§Øą ØąÚŠÚģ ŲØ§ØĄ ØŦØ§ØąŲ ØąÚŠŲØ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ.
ØŗŲ Ø§Ų Ø§ÛØ ŲžØ§ÚĒØŗØĒØ§ŲØ
Ø§ŲØēØ§ŲØŗØĒØ§Ų ÛŊ بŲÚ¯ŲØ§Ø¯ŲØ´ Ų
Ø§Ų ŲŲØ¯ŲØ ØŗÚŠØ ØŦŲŲØ ŲžØ§ØąØŗŲØ بŲŲØŗŲŊ ÛŊ ØšŲØŗØ§ØĻŲ ŲžŲØ§ŲÚ¯ŲØąŲ
ØŦŲ Ø´ŲØąŲØĒ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØšØ¯Ų ÚĒŲŲ ØĸŲŲØ ØŦŲÚĒŲ Ų
ŲÚĒ Ûž ÚĒبਧŲŊØ Ų
ØēØąØ¨Ų Ø¨ŲÚ¯Ø§ŲØ ØąØ§ØŦØŗØĒØ§Ų ÛŊ
ŲžŲØŦاب ØŗŲ
ŲØĒ ÚĒØŦŲŲ ØąŲØ§ØŗØĒŲ ÚŠŲ ŲØ§ÚŗŲ ÚĒØąÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų Ø§ŲÚĒØ§Øą ÚĒØąŲ ØąŲŲØ§ ØĸŲŲ. .
12
ØąÚĒŲŲ ŲŲØ¯ ØŦŲ Ų
ØˇØ§Ø¨ŲØ ØĩØ¯Øą ŲŊØąŲ
ŲžØ ŲØ¨ØąŲØąŲ 24 Ûž Ø¯Ų ÚŲŲŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø¯ŲØąŲ ØĒŲ ŲŲØ¯ŲØŗØĒØ§Ų Ûž
اÚŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų. Ų
ŲØ§ŲاØĒ ڊا Ø¯ŲØąŲ اØŲ
د اØŲ
د ØŦŲ Ų
ŲŲŧØąØ§ Ø§ØŗŲŊŲÚŲŲ
Ûž ‘Ø§ŲØŗŲŊØ§Øŗ ŲŊØąŲ
Ųž’
ŲØ§ŲŲ ŲÚĒ ŲØ§ŲØšÛ Ûž ØØ§ØļØą ŲŋŲÚģ ڊا Ø§ØąØ§Ø¯Û ØąÚŠÚžØĒا ÛÛ. ØŦŲŲŲ Ûž Ú¯Ø°ØąŲŲ ØŗØ§Ų ØŗŲŲžŲŊŲ
Ø¨Øą Ûž
ŲŲŲŲŊŲ Ûž ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒŲ ØĩØ¯Øą ÛŊ Ų
ŲØ¯Ų ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų ØŽØˇØ§Ø¨ ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ.
ŲŊØąŲž ÛŊ ب਺ŲŊ ŲŲÚŲ
Ų
ŲŲŲŲ ŲŊØąŲ
Ųž 25 ŲŲØ¨ØąŲØąŲ ØĒاØĻŲŲ ŲÚĒ ŲÚŲ Ø´ŲÚŲŲ ŲŲŲØ¯ŲØ ØŦÚŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų ØŦŲ
ŲŲŲ
Ų Ú¯Ø§Ø¯ŲØĄ Ûž اŲŲØ¯Ø§. ŲØŗŲŲŲ Ų
ŲØŦب ÚĒŲØĒØąŲ ØĻŲ Ø§ØŦŲØ§ØŗŲ ÛŊ ŲŲØ¯ ØŦŲ ØŗØˇØ ØĒŲ ÚŗØ§ŲŲŲŲ ØŦŲ
ØĒبادŲŲ ÚŠØ§Ų ÚØ§Øą ŲŋŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ø§.
2. Ø§ŲžØąŲŲ ŲŲŲ
Ø§Ų Ø§ŲŲ ŲžŲ ØĸØĻŲ Ø§ŲÚ¯ŲØ´ŲŲ Ø§ŲØŦŲØŗŲØ˛ ØŗŲØŗØ§ØĻŲŊŲØ˛ (VoAAAS)
https://www.msn.com/âĻ/mayawati-first-to-accept-aâĻ/ar-BBZd86i
ŲŲØ´ŲŲ
ØĸدŲ
Ø´Ų
Ø§ØąŲ ØąØŦØŗŲŊØąÚ (اŲŲ ŲžŲ ŲžŲ ØĸØą) ØŦŲ Ø§ŲžØąŲŲ 1 ØĒŲ ŲÚŲžŲØ§Úģ ÚĒŲØ¯ŲØ ØąÚŗŲ ØĩØąŲ 20ŲĒ
ØēŲØą Ø§ØŽŲاŲŲØ ØĒØ´Ø¯Ø¯Ø Ø¯ŲØ´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ŲØ ØĒؚداد ØŦŲ Ø¯ŲŲØ§ ØŦŲ ŲÚĒ Ø¯ŲØ´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯Ø ÚĒÚŲŲ Ø¨Ų Ø´ŲŲŊŲÚ¯Ø
Ų
ŲØ¨ ŲŲŲÚģØ Ø¨ŲŲŲ Ø§ØŗØąØ§ØĻŲŲØ ØŗØ§ØĻØ¨ØąŲØ§Ø ØĒبØĒØ ØĸŲØąŲÚĒØ§Ø Ų
Ø´ØąŲŲ ŲŲØąŲžØ Ų
ØēØąØ¨Ų ØŦØąŲ
ŲŲØ
اØĒØą ŲŲØąŲžØ ÚÚŠÚģ ØąŲØŗŲØ ŲŲÚ¯ØąŲØ ŲØēŲØąŲ ŲØēŲØąŲ. ØąŲØ¯Ų / ØąŲØ§ØŗØ§ ØŗŲØ§Ų
Ų ØŗŲŲ
ÚĒ ØŦŲ
ÚØĒŲžØąØ§Ų Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲاØĻŲØŗ (ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ) ÚŠŲ ÚŲØąŲ ÛŊ ÚŲ
ÚĒŲØ¯Ú ŲØ¯ŲØĒŲØ§ ÚĒØĒŲ ÚŲØĒŲžØ§ŲŲ Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲ
ØŦŲ ŲžŲØąŲŲŲ ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą ØĒŲØŗ ØŦŲ Ø¯ØšŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. (ØąŲØ) ÚĒŲŲŋØąŲØąŲØ§Ø ŲŲØŗŲØŗØ Ø´Ø§ÚØąØ§Ø ŲŊŲŲŲ
ŲŲ
Ø¨ØąØ ŲŊŲŲ ÚŲŲŋŲŲØ ØąŲØØ§ŲŲ ÛŊ ØēŲØą Ų
ØšŲ
ŲŲŲ Ø§ØŗÚĒŲŲ
Ų ØŦŲ ØŲØĢŲØĒ Ûž ÚĒŲ Ø¨Ų ÚØ§Úģ ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ
ØĒŲ ŲØą ŲØŗŲ
ØŦŲ Ø¸ŲŲ
Ų ØĒŲ ØšŲ
Ų ÚĒØąŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲØŦŲ ŲŋŲ. ŲžØą ŲŲ Ų
ŲØ§ØĒŲ
ا ØŦŲ ÚĒŲŲŲ Ø¨Ų ØąŲØ Ûž
ÚĒÚŲŲ Ø¨Ų ŲŲ Ų
ÚŲŲ. ŲŲ ÚŲŲ ØĒŲ ØŗÚØĻŲ Ø¨ØąØ§Ø¨Øą ØĸŲŲ ØŦŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØšØŦŲØ¨ ØŦØ¯ŲØ¯ ØĸØĻŲŲ
ŲÚŠŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ÚŲžØĒØ§Ų Ø¨ØąŲÚģŲ ÚŠØ§Ų ØŗŲØ§ØĄ ŲģŲŲ Ų
Ø°ŲØ¨ ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ŲØ§ ذاØĒ ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ÚØĒŲ쨧Ų
Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲŲ ÚŲŲÚŲŲ ÚĒÚŲŲ Ø¨Ų ŲŲ Ų
ÚŲŲØ¯Ø§ ØĸŲŲ. ؚاŲ
ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ ÛŊ Ø§Ų Ø§ŲŲ
اŲŲ
/ ŲŲ ŲŲ
ŲžŲŲŊ ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų Ø§ŲŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø§ÚŗŲØ§ÚģŲ ÚŠŲ ÚŲŲÚŲŲ ÚŲŲÚŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ÚØĒŲžØąØ§Ų Ø¨ØąÛŲ
ŲØŗ ÚÛ Ø§ÛŲ
Ø§Û ÚŠÛ ØąŲžŲØąŲš Ų
ÛÚē Ø¨ØĒØ§ÛØ§ Ú¯ÛØ§ ÛÛ ÚŠÛ ŲÛ ØēÛØą Ų
ŲÚŠÛ Ø§ØĩŲ Ų
ÛÚē ÛÛÚē ØŦŲ Ų
ÛÚē Ø§ØŗØąØ§ØĻÛŲØ
ØŗØ§ØĻØ¨ÛØąÛØ§Ø ØĒبØĒØ Ø§ŲØąÛŲÛØ Ų
Ø´ØąŲÛ ÛŲØąŲžØ Ų
ØēØąØ¨Û ØŦØąŲ
ŲÛØ Ø´Ų
اŲÛ ÛŲØąŲžØ ØŦŲŲØ¨Û ØąŲØŗØ
ÛŲÚ¯ØąÛØ ŲØēÛØąÛ ŲØēÛØąÛ ØŗÛ ØŽØ§ØąØŦ ÛŲØŗÚŠØĒÛ ÛÛÚē. اŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ÚŲ Ø§ŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø§ØĩŲ ØĸŲŲ.
Ø§Ų ÚŠØ§Ų Ø§Úŗ
https://www.gopetition.com/âĻ/declare-rss-a-terrorist-organiâĻ
Declare
ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ (Rowdy / Rakshasa ØŗŲØ§Ų
Ų Sevaks) 1 925 ā¤Žā¤ž ā¤ā¤ā¤āĨ ā¤ā¤ ā¤ā¤¤ā¤ā¤ā¤ĩā¤žā¤ĻāĨ ⤏ā¤ā¤ā¤ ⤍Ø
ā¤ā¤°ā¤ā¤¸ā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ 1920 ā¤āĨ ā¤Ļā¤ļ⤠-1940 ā¤āĨ ⤝āĨ⤰āĨā¤ĒāĨ⤞āĨ ā¤ĢāĨ⤏āĨā¤ā¤ŋ⤏āĨ⤠ā¤ā¤¨āĨā¤ĻāĨā¤˛ā¤¨ā¤šā¤°āĨā¤Ŧā¤žā¤
ā¤ĒāĨ⤰⤤āĨ⤝ā¤āĨ⤎ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰āĨā¤°ā¤Ŗā¤ž ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤ĒāĨ⤤ ā¤ā¤°āĨ⤝āĨØ ā¤ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ž ā¤¨ā¤žā¤āĨ ā¤Ēā¤žā¤°āĨā¤āĨ ā¤Ē⤍ā¤ŋ ā¤ļā¤žā¤Žā¤ŋ⤞ ā¤.
Ø§ÚØ ŲŲ ÚŠŲ 6 Ų
ŲŲŲ + Ų
ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą Ų
ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą ŲŲŲŲŲØ§ØąŲ
ÛŊ ŲŲŋŲØ§ØąØ¨Ųد Ų
ŲŲŲ
ŲŲŊŲ Ûž Ų
ŲŲŊØ§ØŗØ§ØŗØ§ØŗŲŲØĻŲØ´Ų ÚĒØĻŲ ØĸŲŲ.
ØĸØą Ø§ÛØŗ Ø§ÛØŗ Ų
ØŦŲ
ŲØšŲ ØĒشدد ØŦŲ ØšŲ
ŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø°Ų
ŲŲØ§Øą ØĸŲŲØ بشŲ
ŲŲ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ ŲžØąŲÚڞا ÚØ§ØąØĒ Ûž ŲØą ŲÚŲŲŲ ŲŊÚ¯ŲŲ
Ûž شاŲ
Ų ØĸŲŲ.
ØŗŲ ŲØąŲ اŲŲ Ø§ŲÚĒØŗØ§ØĻŲÚĒØŗ اŲÚĒØŗŲŲÚ ØŗŲØŗØ§ØĻŲŊŲØ˛ (VoAAAS) ÛŊ ØĸŲ ØąŲÚĒŲ ØąŲØ§ØŗØĒŲ ÚŠŲ Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ ØĸØą ŲÚĒ Ø¯ŲØ´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ ØĒŲØ¸ŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø§ØšŲØ§Ų ÚĒØąÚģ ŲØ§ØĄ ØŗÚŲŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ.
ØĸØą
Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ Ų
ŲŲ
Ø¨ØąŲ ŲŲŲŲŲØ§ØąŲ
Ûž ÚØ˛Ø§ØĻŲŲ ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØĄ Ø¨Ø¯ŲØ§Ų
ØĸŲŲØ ØŦŲÚĒŲ ŲŲŊŲØą
ŲŲØŦŲØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲ Ų
ŲŲ
Ø¨ØąŲ ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų ŲÚŗØ§ØĒØ§Øą ØŦŲÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. اŲŲ 1925 Øš Ûž ŲēبਧŲŲ ŲŲŲØ
ØŗØ§ÚŗØĻŲ ØŗØ§Ų ØŦŲÚĒØ§ ŲØ§Ø˛Ų ŲžØ§ØąŲŊŲ ŲŲŊŲØą Ø§Ų ØŦŲ Ø§ÚŗŲØ§Úģ ØŗØ§Ų ØŗÚØąŲŲ ŲØĻŲ. اŲŲØ˛ŲØŗ ڊاŲ
Ø§ŲØŗŲžØ§ØĻØąŲØ´Ų ŲēØ§ÚžÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų ŲžŲØĄØ ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ ŲžØ§Úģ ÚŠŲ Ø§ŲŊŲŲ Ûž Ų
ŲŲŲŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲØ§Ø´ØŗŲŊ ØĒØØąŲÚĒ
ØŦŲ ŲŲ
اØĻØ´ ڊاŲŲžŲØĄ ŲŲ
Ø§ŲØ§Ų ÚĒŲŲ. 1931 Øš ÛžØ Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ ŲžŲ ØŦŲ Ø¨Ø§ŲŲ Ø¨S ÚØ§ŲدØŦŲ ØąŲŲ
Ûž
Ų
ŲŲŲŲŲŲ ØŗØ§Ų Ų
ŲØ§ŲاØĒ ÚĒØĻŲ. Ø ā¤ā¤ā¤¨ā¤ŦāĨā¤ā¤ž ā¤¤ā¤žā¤¨ā¤žā¤ļā¤žā¤š ⤝āĨā¤ĩā¤ž ā¤¸ā¤ŽāĨā¤šā¤āĨ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ļā¤ā¤¸ā¤ž ā¤ā¤°āĨā¤Ēā¤ā¤ŋ
ā¤ā¤ā¤žā¤˛āĨā¤ā¤ž ⤝āĨā¤ĩā¤žā¤šā¤°āĨā¤āĨ “⤏āĨ⤍āĨ⤝ ā¤ĒāĨ⤍⤰āĨā¤āĨā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤤⤰⤪” ā¤āĨ ⤞ā¤ŋ⤨ Moonje ŲÛ ŲÚŠÚžØ§Ø “ŲžØąØ§ÚžØ§ÚžØ§Úž
Ø¨ÚžŲš Ø§ŲØą ØŽØ§Øĩ ØˇŲØą ŲžØą ÚŲžÚŲžØ§ ÚÚžØ§ŲžÛÛ ÚžØĒŲØĒŲØ§ ÚĒÛØĒ ÚŠÚÚž Ø§ÛØŗÛ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąÛ ÚŠÛ ØļØąŲØąØĒ ÛÛ
ØŦŲ ÚžØĒŲØĒŲØ§ÛØĒ ØŦŲ ŲŲØŦŲ Ø¨ØØ§Ų ŲØ§ØĄ.” ŲŲ Ø¯ØšŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ “ŲØ§ØŗØ˛Ų
Ø§Ø˛Ų
ØŦŲ ØŽŲØ§Ų ØŗØ§Ų
Ų
اÚģŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲÚ Ûž ŲÚĒ ŲØØ¯ØĒ ØŦŲ ØĒØĩŲØą ŲžŲØ¯Ø§ ÚĒØąŲ ŲŋŲ” ÛŊ Ø§ØšŲØ§Ų ÚĒŲŲ: “ŲØ§Ú¯ŲžŲØą ØŦŲ ŲŲŲ
Ų
ØŗŲØ§Ų
Ų ØŗØ§ŲÚ¯Ų ŲØ§ØąŲ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ” ÚØ§ÚĒŲŊØą ŲŲÚ Ú¯ŲØąŲ “Ûž ŲŲ ŲØŗŲ
ØŦŲ ØĸŲŲ.
ØŗÚ ÚŠØ§Ų
ŲÚŲ ØŽØ¯Ų
ØĒ ÚĒŲØ¯Ú ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗØ اŲŲ
Ø§ŲØŗ. Ú¯ŲŲŲŲÚĒØąØ Ø§Ų ÚŠŲ ØēØ¯Ø§ØąŲ ÚŠŲ ŲžØąŲÚŲØ§Øą
ÚØ§ØąØĒŲŲ ŲØ§ØĄ ØēŲØ¨Ų ÚÚĒÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų Ų
ØØąŲŲ
ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦŲ Ø¨Ø¯ØąØ§Ų ØŗÚŲŲ ŲÚŲ ŲŋŲ ŲØ§ Ø§Ų ÚŠŲ ØąØ¯ ÚĒØąŲ
ŲŋŲ ØĒŲ “Ų
ØØąŲŲ
ŲØŗŲ ÛŊ ŲŲŲ
ØŦŲ ŲžØ§ÚĒØ§ØĻŲ”. 1939 Ų
ÛÚēØ Ø§ŲÛŲÚē ŲÛ ŲØ§Ø˛Û ŲØŗŲÛ ŲžØ§ŲÛØŗÛ
ÚŠÛ ØŲ
Ø§ÛØĒ Ų
ÛÚē ÚŲ
ÚŠÛŲÛ ØˇŲØą ŲžØą Ø¨ÚžÛ Ųڊڞا: “ŲØŗŲ Ø§ŲØą Ø§Øŗ ÚŠÛ ØĢŲØ§ŲØĒ ÚŠÛ ŲžØ§ÚŠÛØ˛Ú¯Û ÚŠŲ
Ø¨ØąŲØąØ§Øą ØąÚŠÚžŲÛ ÚŠÛ ŲØĻÛØ ā¤ā¤°āĨā¤Žā¤¨āĨ⤞āĨ ā¤ā¤¨ā¤āĨ ⤏ā¤ā¤¸ā¤žā¤°ā¤˛ā¤žā¤ ā¤ļ⤰āĨā¤Žā¤ŋā¤˛ā¤ž ā¤ĻāĨā¤Ą - ŲÚžŲØ¯ŲŲ ØŦŲ ØŦÚŗÚžŲ
ÚŠŲ ÚĻŲØąŲ ÚĒØąŲ. ØąŲØŗ ØŦŲ ŲØŽØą ØŦŲ ÚĒØąŲ ŲÚŲÚĒ Ø¨ŲŲØ¯ ŲŋŲ ÚÚĒŲ ØĸŲŲ. “
ŲŲ ŲŲ ÚŠŲ “ØŗŲēŲ
ØŗØ¨Ų Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ŲØ§ØĄ ŲžØąÚØ§Øą ÚØ§ØąØĒ Ûž ØŗÚŠÚģ ÛŊ ŲŲØšŲ ÚŲÚģ” ØŗÚŲŲ. ØŦŲŲ ØŦŲŲ 9 9 ØŦŲŲØ اŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§
ØŦŲ Ø¨ŲŲ Ø§ŲØ§ŲŲØ§Ų
Ų Ų
Ø°ŲØ¨Ų بŲŲØ§Ø¯ ØĒŲ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲØĄ ØŦŲ ØąŲžŲØąŲŊ Ûž ØŽØ¨ØąØ¯Ø§Øą ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ
ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ / Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ / Ų
Ø°ŲØ¨Ų اŲŲŲØĒŲ / Ø§Ų Ø¨Ų ØŗŲ ØŗŲ
ŲØĒ Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§Ų Ø§Ų Ø§ŲØŗ ØŦŲ Ø§ØŦŲÚØ§
“ā¤āĨ⤰-hindutvaites or all ABORIGINAL AWAKENED Societies” ā¤āĨ ā¤˛ā¤žā¤āĨ ā¤§ā¤žā¤°āĨā¤Žā¤ŋā¤
ā¤šā¤ŋā¤ā¤¸ā¤ž ā¤ā¤° ØŦŲŲØŗ.
“ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ Ø¨Ø§Øą Ø¨Ø§Øą ØĒشدد ØŦŲ ŲžŲØ¯Ø§ ŲŋŲÚģ ØĒŲ Ø§ŲØ˛Ø§Ų
ؚاØĻد ÚĒŲŲ
ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. اŲŲ ÚĒبǨਧ Úبਧ ÚĒبǨਧ ØĻŲ Úبਧ Ų
ØØ¯Ųد ŲŋŲ ÚÚĒØ§ ØĸŲŲØ اŲŲ
ÚĒŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ
ØŦŲ
ŲØĒŲ ÚŠØ§ŲŲžŲØĄ ŲžŲØąŲŲŲ ÚŲØąŲ. گاŲÚŲ ŲÚĒ ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ų
ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą Ų
ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą ŲŲŋØą دŲŲØĒØ§ ØˇØąŲØ§Ų.
2002 ÛžØ Ø§ŲØŗØ§ŲŲ ØŲاØĻŲ ŲØ§Ú ØĸØą Ø§ÛØŗ Ø§ÛØŗ Ø§ŲØą Ø§Øŗ ÚŠÛ Ų
اØĒØØĒ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲÚē ڊا ŲØ§Ų
Ų
ØŗŲŲ
Ų
ØŗŲŲ
ŲšŲŲ
ŲŲ
ÚŠÛ Ø°Ų
Û Ø¯Ø§Øą Ú¯ØąŲÛŲÚē ÚŠÛ ØˇŲØą ŲžØą ÛÛ ØŦŲ Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ÚŠÛ ØąÛØ§ØŗØĒ Ų
ÛÚē 2Ø000
Ø§ŲØąØ§Ø¯ ÛŲØ§ÚŠ. 2012 ÛžØ ØŗŲØ§Ų
Ų Ø§ØŗŲŲŲ
ŲŲŲØ¯Ø ŲÚĒ Ų
ÚĒŲ
Ų ŲŲØĒ ØŦŲ ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ ØŦŲ ÚĒØ§ØąÚĒŲØ
ÚĒŲØĒØąŲ ØĻŲ Ø¯ŲØ´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ بŲ
Ø¨Ø§ØąŲŲØ˛ ÚŠŲ ÚŲÚŲŲØ§ ÚŲÚģ ÚŠŲ ŲØ¨ŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ ØŦŲŲŲ Ûž 2006 ڊاŲ
2008 ØĒاØĻŲŲ ØŗØ¤ ØŗŲŲŲ Ø˛ŲØ¯Ú¯Ų Ú¯Ø°Ø§ØąŲØ§. ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ ØŦŲ ŲžŲØąŲ Ûž بŲ
Ø¨Ø§ØąØ ŲØĒŲØ ÛŊ
ŲžŲÚ¯ØąŲŲ
ŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ÚĒبǨਧØĻŲ Ų
ØĢØ§Ų Ø´Ø§Ų
Ų ÚĒŲØ§ ŲŲØ§. ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ (Ø§Øŗ ØŦŲ ÚĒبǨਧØĻŲ
ØŗØ¨ØŗØ§ØĻŲŊŲØ˛ ØŗŲ
ŲØĒ) ØŗÚŲ ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų Ûž اŲŲŲØĒŲ ØŦŲ ØŽŲØ§Ų ØĒشدد ØŦŲ ÚĒŲØĒØąŲ ØĻŲ ŲģŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ
ŲØ§ŲØšŲ ØŗØ§Ų ÚŗŲÚŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. اŲŲŲ Ûž ØŦØĒŲØĻŲ ØŦŲ ŲØĒŲ ØšØ§Ų
1947 Ûž شاŲ
Ų ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ
(20Ø000+ Ų
ØŗŲŲ
اŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲØĒŲ) ÛŊ 1969 Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ø§ØĒ (400+ Ų
ØŗŲŲ
اŲŲ ÚŠŲ ŲØĒŲ ÚĒŲŲ) -
اŲŲŲ ŲģŲŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø¯ŲØąŲ بؚد Ú¯ŲŲŲŲÚĒØą ØˇØąŲ ŲÚØ§ŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. بؚد ÛžØ Ų
ŲØ§ØąØ§Ø´ŲŊØą ØŦŲ
1970 Ûž ŲŲŲēŲØ¯Ų ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ų (190 + Ų
ØŗŲŲ
Ø§Ų Ų
ØŗŲŲ
اŲŲ ÚŠŲ ŲØĒŲ ÚĒŲŲ)Ø 1983 Øš Ûž ØĸØŗØ§Ų
ŲŲ
ŲØ§ŲŲ Ų
ŲÚĒØŗŲØŗØą (2Ø200+ بŲگاŲŲ Ų
ØŗŲŲ
اŲŲ ÚŠŲ ŲØĒŲ ÚĒŲŲ)Ø 1984 ØŗÚŠŲ ØŦŲŲÚĒŲØ§ØĻŲÚ Ø¯ŲŲ
(3Ø000+ ØŗÚŠŲ Ų
Ø§ØąØŦŲ ŲŲŲ)Ø
1985 Ûž Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ų (ØŗŲŲŲ Ų
اÚģŲŲ ØŦŲ Ų
Ø§ØąØŦÚģ
ØŦŲ)Ø 1987 Ûž اØĒØą ŲžØąØ¯ŲØ´ Ûž Ų
ŲØąŲØĒ ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ų (ØŗŲŲŲ Ų
اÚģŲŲ ØŦŲ Ų
Ø§ØąØŦÚģ)Ø 1989 Ûž Ø¨ÚžØ§ØąŲ
ŲžŲØą ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ø§ØĒ (900 + Ų
ØŗŲŲ
اŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲØĒŲ)Ø 1992 Ûž Ø¨Ø¯Ų Ų
ØŗØŦد ØŦŲ ØĒباŲŲ ŲžŲēŲØ§Ų Ų
ŲÚĒŲ
ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ų (2Ø000+ Ų
ØŗŲŲ
اŲŲ ÚŠŲ ŲØĒŲ ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ)Ø 2002 Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ŲžŲÚ¯ŲŲŲ
(2Ø000+ Ų
ØŗŲŲ
اŲŲ
ØŦŲ ŲØĒŲ)Ø 2008 ØŦŲ Ø§ŲØ´Ųشا ŲžŲŲŲ
ŲŲ
(100 + ØšŲØŗØ§ØĻŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲØĒŲ)Ø ÛŊ Ø¨ŲØ´Ų
Ø§Øą ŲģŲŲ
ŲŲÚŲ ŲžŲŲ
اŲŲ ØĒŲ ŲØ§ŲØš. ØŗŲ
ŲØąŲŲŲ Ø§ØŽŲØ§ŲŲ ŲŲ
اØĻŲØ¯Ų ØĒŲØ¸ŲŲ
Ų ÚŠŲ ØąØŦØŗŲŊØąÚ ŲŋŲÚģ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØĄ
ØŗÚŲŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ ŲžØąÚŲŲŲØąŲ (ØąØ¯ŲØ¯Ų / ØąÚĒŲØŗØ§ ØŗŲØ§Ų
Ų ØŗŲÚĒ) ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ) ÚŲŊŲŲžØ§Ų
Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲØ ŲÚĒ ŲŲØ´ŲŲ ØĸدŲ
Ø´Ų
Ø§ØąŲ ØąØŦØŗŲŊØąÚ (اŲŲ ŲžŲ ŲžŲ) ØŦŲ Ø§ŲžØąŲŲ 1 ØĒŲ ÚĒŲŊ ŲŋŲŲØ¯ŲØ ÛŊ
ØĒÚĒŲŲŲ ØŗØ§Ų “ØŽØ§ØąØŦŲ Ø¯ŲØ´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯Ų ØĒŲØ¸ŲŲ
” .
https://hinduismtruthexposed.wordpress.com/âĻ/american-scieâĻ/
ÚžŲØ¯ŲØŗØĒاŲŲ ØŽØ§ØąØŦ ŲŋŲŲ
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Ų
ØŽØĒŲŲ Ų
ØŽØĒŲŲ ÚĒØĒŲ ØŦŲ ÚŲ ØŦŲ Ų
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ŲÚĒ Ûž اŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØŦŲÚĒŲ ŲØ˛Ø§ØąŲŲ ØŗØ§ŲŲ ØĒاØĻŲŲ
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ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ŲžØąŲŲŲØŗØą ŲŲŲØ§ ØŽØ§ØąØĒØ ÚØ§ŲŲ Ø¨Ø§Ø¨Ø§ŲŲØ¨ اŲ
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ŲŲŲŲ Ø¨Ø§Ų
Ø´Ø§Ú ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ÚŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ø§Ų ØąŲžŲØąŲŊ “2001 Ûž
Ø§ŲØŗØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲŲŲŲŲ
” Ûž بŲŲ Ø§ŲØ§ŲŲØ§Ų
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ŲØŦب
اŲŲ ØŗØ§ØĻŲØŗØ¯Ø§Ų ØĢابØĒ ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲŲ ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ŲžØą ŲŲ
Ø¨ØąØ§ŲŲŲ ØĒŲ ŲŲ Ų
ØŗØĻŲŲ ØĒŲ ØŽØ§Ų
ŲØ´ ØĸŲŲ. ØŦŲØĒŲÚģŲÚĒØ Ų
Ų
ŲŲØš Ø¨ÛØŦŲ Ų
اÚģÚžŲ ÚŠŲ ÚžŲ ØąŲžŲØąŲŊ
ÚŠØ§Ų Øĸگاڞ ŲŋŲÚģ Ú¯ÚžØąØŦŲ. دŲŲØ§ ŲØ§ÚģŲ ŲŲ ØŲŲŲØĒ ÚŠŲ Ų
ŲØ¸ŲØą ÚĒŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲ
ŲžØąÚØ§ØąÚžØ§ ÚØ§ØąØĒ Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲŲ Ø§ŲŲŲ ØŗÚŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲÚ Ûž ØŦŲÚŗÚŲ ÚĒŲØ¯Ų ÚĒŲØ¯Ų
ØĒŲ
اŲ
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ØŗÚ¯ŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ÚŲ ØĒŲ ŲŲ ØŲŲŲØĒ ŲØ§ÚģŲ ØŗÚŲ Ø¯ŲŲØ§ ØĒŲ ŲŲ
Ø§ŲØ§Ų ØĸŲŲ.
ÛŲŲšØ§Û ÛŲŲÛŲØąØŗŲšÛ ØŦŲ Ų
Ø´ŲŲØą Ų
ØšØąŲŲ ØŗØ§ØĻŲØŗØ¯Ø§Ų Ų
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شااد ŲÛ Ø§Øŗ ØąŲžŲØąŲš ÚŠŲ
بÛŲ Ø§ŲØ§ŲŲØ§Ų
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Ų ØˇŲØą ŲžØą شاØĻØš ÚŠÛØ§. Ų
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اŲ
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Ø´ÛŲØą ØĒØŲÛŲÛ Ų
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اØĒØą 2030 اŲÚØąØ ÚĒŲ
ØąŲ ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą. 2100Ø ØĸŲ
ØąŲÚĒØ§ - 1999-2005. ŲŲ ŲžŲÚŲØąŲÚĒØŗ
ÚŲžØ§ØąŲŊŲ
ŲŲŲŊØ ŲŲØĒØ§ ŲŲŲŲب਺ŲŊŲØ ÛŊ ØŗŲŊŲ ÚŲÚ Ø´ŲØąØ ŲŲŲŊا 84112Ø ŲŲ Ø§ŲØŗ ÚŲØ
2001-2004 ØŦŲ ØŗØąØ¨ØąØ§Ų ŲžÚģ ØĸŲŲ. ŲŲ Ø§ŲØŗØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲŲŲØ§ØĒŲØ§ØĒ Ûž ŲÚĒ Ø§ÚŲØ§Øŗ ØØ§ØĩŲ ÚĒØĻŲ.
ÚžŲØ¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų ØĒŲ ÚŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ø§Ų Ų
ØˇØ§ŲØšŲ ØŗØ§Ų Ú¯ÚØ ÚžŲ ŲžŲÚžŲØŦŲ 6 Ų
ØŽØĒŲŲ Ø§ÚžŲ
Ų
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ŲÚŲØ§ باŲ
ŲØ´ ÚžØĒØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØšŲØ§Ų
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ÚĒŲ
ÚĒŲŲ. ØŗŲØ¯Øŗ ØąŲžŲØąŲŊ ØŦŲ ØšŲŲØ§Ų ØĸŲŲ - “اŲÚŲŲ Ø°Ø§ØĒ ØŦŲ ØĸØ¨Ø§Ø¯Ų ØŦŲ ØĸØ¨Ø§Ø¯Ų ØĒŲ
ØŦŲŲŲØ§ØĒŲ ØĢØ¨ŲØĒ”. ŲŲ ŲŲØ¯Ų ØŗØ§ØĻŲØŗŲ بŲŲØ§Ø¯Ų ØĒŲ 2001 Ûž دŲŲØ§ ÛŊ دŲŲØ§ ØŦŲ ØŗØ§Ų
ŲŲŲ ŲžÚģ
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ŲØą ÚĒØĻŲØ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ŲÚŲ ÚĒŲ
Ų ÚŠŲ ŲØ¨ŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ. ā¤ā¤žā¤°ā¤¤ā¤āĨ ā¤ŦāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤šāĨā¤Žā¤ŖāĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤Žā¤žā¤˛āĨ ⤤ā¤Ĩā¤žā¤Ēā¤ŋ
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دد ØŗØ§ŲØ ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒاŲŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ ŲžÚģ ÚØ§ÚģÚģ
ÚØ§ŲŲŲØ¯Ø§ ØĒŲ ÚĒŲŋØ§Ų Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲŲ Ø°Ø§ØĒŲŲ ÚŠŲ Ų稧ŲŲŲ ÛŊ اŲŲŲ ÚĒŲØĒØąŲŲ ØĻŲ ŲŲØ¯Ų ÚŠŲ 6000
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ØĒبدŲŲ ÚĒØĻŲ ŲØĻŲ ØĸŲŲ.
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ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØˇŲØą Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲŲ ÚŠŲ ØŗÚŲŲØ¯Ø§ ŲØĻØ§. Ø ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲŲ ØąØ§ØĄ ØŽŲØ´ŲØĄ ØŗØ§Ų ŲØ¨ŲŲ
ÚĒŲØ¯Ø§ ŲØĻØ§. ŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲžŲŲØ§Ų ŲÚĒ Ø§ŲÚŲ ØĻŲ ØŗØ¨Ø¨ ŲŲØ اŲŲ ŲÚĒ ØŲŲŲØĒ ØĸŲŲ ŲžØą ŲģŲŲ ØšŲ
ŲŲ
ÚĒØ§ØąÚģ Ø§ŲŲ ØĻŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲØ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
Úģ Ø§ŲÚ¯ØąŲØ˛Ų ØŗØ§Ų Ų
Ø´Ø§ŲØ¯Ų ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲ ØĒŲØ ØĒŲŲØ§Ų ŲØ§ŲÚ¯ØąØ
Ø§ØŗØ§Ų Ø¨ŲØ ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ØĒŲŲŲ ÚĒØąŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ŲģŲŲŲ Ú¯ÚØŦŲ Ø§ŲŲ ŲžØąØ§ÚģŲŲ ŲžØąÚØ§Úŗ
ÚØ§ØąØĒŲŲØŗ ØĒŲ ØļØ§Ø¨ØˇŲ ÚĒŲØ¯Ø§ ŲØĻØ§. (1) Ų
ŲØŗŲ
ŲØąŲŲŊ Ûž ŲÚĒ ŲÚĒ ØŗŲŲŲ (ØŗŲŲÚĒØ§) ØĸŲŲØ ØŦŲŲŲ
Ų
Ø§Ų ØĢابØĒ ŲŋØĻŲ ŲŋŲ ØĒŲ Ø¨ØąŲÚģŲ ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. Ų
ŲØŗŲŲ
ŲØĒ ØŲ
Ų ŲŲ. || 24 || Ų
ØˇŲØ¨:
“Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ŲŲŲ ŲģØĻŲ Ų
ŲÚĒ Ûž ŲžŲØ¯Ø§ ÚĒŲØ§ ŲŲØ§ ØĸŲŲ. (Ø¨ØąŲÚģŲ ŲÚĒ ÚØ§Øą Ų
ŲÚĒ Ûž ŲžŲØ¯Ø§ ŲŋŲŲØ¯Ú
ÚŲØŦØ§Øŗ ØĸŲŲ). Ø¨ØąŲŲ
Úģ ŲŲ Ų
ŲÚĒ Ûž Ø˛Ø¨ØąØ¯ØŗØĒŲ ØąŲÚģ Ú¯ŲØąØŦŲ! “(2) Ø¨Ø§Ų ā¤ā¤ā¤ā¤žā¤§ā¤° ⤤ā¤ŋ⤞ā¤
(ā¤ĩāĨā¤ĻāĨā¤ ā¤Žā¤ž ā¤ā¤°āĨā¤ā¤ā¤ŋā¤ ā¤šāĨā¤Ž): -” ā¤ŽāĨ⤰āĨ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤¯ā¤žā¤¸ ā¤āĨā¤ĩ⤞ ā¤ĩāĨā¤Ļā¤ŋā¤ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤šā¤ŋ⤤āĨā¤¯ā¤Žā¤ž ⤏āĨā¤Žā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤.
ŲŲØ¯Ø§Øŗ Ûž اŲÚØ§ ÚĒŲ ŲØ§Ųؚا Ų
ŲØŦŲØ¯ ØĸŲŲ ØŦŲ ÚŠŲ ØŗŲÚŠØ§ØąŲŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ ÛŊ ØŗŲ
ØŦŲÚģ ÚÚŠŲŲ ŲŋŲ
ŲžŲŲØ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ. ØŦŲÚĒÚŲŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų Ø§ŲŲŲ ÚŠŲ ØŦØ¯ŲØ¯ ØŗØ§ØĻŲØŗ ØŦŲ Ų
دد ØŗØ§Ų Ų
ØˇØ§ŲØšŲ ÚĒŲŲ ŲØ§ ØĒŲ
ŲžŲØĄØ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų Ø§ŲŲ ŲØĒŲØŦŲ Ø§ÚŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲŲ Ųŋا ØĒŲ ŲØ§Ø¯Ø¯Ų ØĸØąŲŲ ØŦا ŲžØ§Ø¯ØąŲ ŲÚĒ Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲ Ø¯ŲØą ØŦŲ
ØĸØŽØą Ûž اØĒØą ØĸØąÚĒŲÚĒ ØŦŲ ØšŲØ§ØĻŲŲ ØŦŲ ØąŲØ§ØĻØ´ ŲžØ°ŲØą ŲØĻŲ “. (3) Ų
ŲŲŲØ¯Ø§Øŗ ÚĒØąŲ
ÚŲØ¯ گاŲÚŲ
ÚŠØ§Ų ÚĒØ§ŲÚ¯ØąŲØŗ ØŦŲ 39 ŲŲŲ ŲØ§ØĻداؚظŲ
ØŦŲ Ų
ŲŲ
Ø§Ų Ų
ŲŲ
اŲŲ ØĒŲØąŲØą ÚĒØĻŲ ØŦŲÚĒØ§ 27 ÚØŗŲ
Ø¨Øą
1924 ØĒŲ Ø§ØŽØ¨Ø§Øą “Ø§ŲØŦ” Ûž Ø´Ø§ŲØš ŲŋŲ ŲØĻŲ ŲØĻŲ. Ø¯ØąŲģØ§Øą ØŗØ§Ų Ú¯Ú ÚĒŲ Ų
ØŗØĻŲŲ ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. -
“ŲÚĒ ŲÚŲÚĒ ØąÚĒØ§ŲŲŊØ ØŗŲØ§ØąŲØŦ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ŲŊ ØĒŲ ØĸŲŲ. Ų
اÚģŲŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ØŗŲØąØ§ØŦŲØ§ ŲØ§ØĄ Ú¯ŲØąØ¨Ų ŲŲ
Ųŋا ÚĒØąŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲØ ØŦŲØŗØĒاØĻŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ ŲžŲ ÚØ§ØĻØąŲ ÚŠŲ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯Ų ŲŲ ÚŲŲØ¯Ø§
ØĸŲŲ. اŲÚžŲ ÚŠŲ ŲģŲÚŲ ÚÚŲŲØ Ø§ÚžŲ ŲžŲÚžŲØŦŲ ŲģŲÚŲ ŲģŲÚŲ ÚÚŲØ§ ØĸÚžŲ. ŲØ§ÚģŲ ŲÚĒ ÚŲŲŲŲØ
اŲÚ¯ØąŲØ˛Ų ØŦŲ ŲØąØēŲŲŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ÚŠŲ ØĸØąŲØ§ØĻŲ Ø°Ø§ØĒ ØŦŲ Ų
اÚģŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲØąØēŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ÚĒØąŲ Ú¯ŲÚģŲ ÚĒØŦŲŲ
ØšŲØ§ØŦ ÚĒŲØ¯Ø§ ØąŲŲØ§ ØŦŲ ŲŲØ¯ŲØŗØĒØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØĒØ§ØąŲØŽŲ ØŦŲ ØšŲØ§ØŦ ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲ. “(4) ŲžŲÚ ØŦŲØ§ŲÚ¯ŲØą
Ųبਧ: - ŲŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ÚŲØĄ Ø§ŲØ¯ØąØ§ گاŲÚŲ ÚØ§ŲŲŲ ŲÚĒ ØŽØˇ ŲÚŠŲŲ ŲŲ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨ Ûž ŲÚĒ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨
ØŦŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ØšŲŲØ§Ų “ŲžŲØĄ ÚŠØ§Ų ŲÚĒ ØŽØˇ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ÚŲØĄ” ØĸŲŲ. ŲŲ ØŽØˇ Ûž ŲŲØąŲ ŲØ§ØļØ ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ
ŲÚŠŲŲ ŲŲ ØĒŲØ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲ ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ÛŊ Ø§Ų ØĒŲ ØŲ
ŲŲ ÚĒØąŲ ØąŲŲØ§ ŲØĻØ§ ØĒŲ ØŗŲÚŲ ØŗŲÚŲ
ØĒŲØ°Ųب ÚŠŲ ØĒباŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ. “اÚŲ ÛŊ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ÚŠŲ ŲžØąÚڞا ÚØ§ØąØĒ Ûž ÚØ§ ŲŋŲŲØ ÚØŗŲŲ. Ø§ØŗØ§Ų Ø§Úŗ
ŲØ¯ŲŲ
ÚŲŲŲŲ Ûž ÚŲēŲ ØĸŲŲØ ÚØ§ØąØĒ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ØĢŲØ§ŲØĒ ÛŊ ØĒŲØ°Ųب Ų
ØĩØą ŲØ§ŲÚ¯Øą ØĸŲŲ. ØŦŲÚĒŲ
Ų
اÚģŲŲ Ø§Ų ŲŲØĒ Øĸباد ŲØĻØ§ Ø¯ØąØ§ŲÚŲ ŲØ§ŲÚ¯Øą Ų
Ø´ŲŲØą ŲØĻØ§. ØŗŲØ¯Ų اŲŲØ§Ø¯ Ø§Ú Ø¨Ų Ų
Ø¯ØąØ§Øŗ ØŦŲ
ØĸØŗ ŲžØ§Øŗ ØąŲŲØ¯Ø§ ØĸŲŲ. ØĸØąŲØ§ØĻŲ ŲŲŲ Ø¯ØąØ§ŲÚŲ Ø§ØĒØą ÚŠØ§Ų Ø§ØĒØą ØĒŲ ØŲ
ŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ. ŲŲŲŲØ§Ø اŲŲ
ØĸØąŲŲ ŲÚ Ø§ŲØ´Ųا Ûž ŲÚŲ ØˇØ§ŲØĒ ŲŲŲØ¯ŲŲŲ ŲŲŲŲØ ØŦŲ ÚŠŲ ÚŠØ§ØĻÚģ ÚØ§ŲŲŲØ¯Ø§ ŲØĻØ§ ÛŊ ŲģŲŲ Ų
ŲÚĒŲ
Ûž ڊاÚŲ ØŦŲ ØŽŲØ§ŲØ´ ŲØĻŲ. “(5) Ø§Ų ØŦŲ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨” Ø¨ÚžØ§ØąØĒ Varsh ka Itihas “Ø ŲØ§Ųا
ŲØ§ØŦŲžØĒØąØ§Ų ØĒŲ ŲØ§ØļØ ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ ØĩŲØŲ ØĒŲ . 21 -22 ØŦŲŲŲ ÛžØ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲŲ ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. (6)
Ø¨Ø§Ų Ú¯ŲÚ¯Ø§ŲØą ØĒÚĒÚĒ (ÚØ§ØąØĒ ب਴ ŲØ§ØąŲ ØĸØĻŲŲØ§ØŗØ ØĩŲØŲ 87-89) ŲÚ¯Ø§Øą Ø¨Ø§ŲØ¯Ų) (7) ŲžŲÚØĒ
Ø´ŲØ§Ų
Ø¨Ø§ØąŲ Ų
ØąŲØ اŲŲ
Ø§ŲØ اŲŲ
ØĸØą Ø§Ų Ø§ŲØŗ. ÛŊ ŲžŲÚØĒØŽŲØ¯ŲØ¯ÚžØ§ØąŲ Ų
ØąÛØąØ§Ø Ø§ÛŲ
Ø§ÛØ اÛŲ
.
ØĸØą.ا. اŲŲŲ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨Ų Ûž ‘ÚØ§ØąØĒ ب਴ ÚĒŲØ§ Ø§ØŗŲØ§ØŗØ ØØĩŲ-1Ø ØĩŲØŲ ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą. 62-63) (8) ŲÚĒ
Ų
ÚžŲŲŲ ØąØŗØ§ŲŲ ‘Ų
ÚŲØąŲ’ Ûž ŲžŲØ¯ØąØĒ ØŦاŲÚŲŲ ÚŲŊ ØˇØąŲØ§Ų Ø´Ø§ŲØš ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ØŦŲŲŲ ÛžØ
1925 Øš Ûž Ø´Ø§ŲØš ŲŋŲŲ ŲÚĒ Ų
ØļŲ
ŲŲ ‘ÚØ§ØąØĒŲŲ ŲžØąØĒاØĒŲØ§Ųا ØŦŲ ŲŲŲ ØŽØŦ’ (ØĩŲØŲ ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą
27-29) (9) Ø´ØąŲ ŲžØ§ŲØ¯ØĒ Ú¯ŲÚ¯Ø§ŲžØąØ§ØŗØ§Ø¯Ø Ø§ŲŲ
ØĸØą Ø§Ų Ø§ŲØŗØ ÚŲžŲŊŲ ÚĒŲÚĒŲŲØ˛ØąØ ŲŲ.P. ÛŊ
Ø§Úŗ. Ų
بਧØĒ ÚĒØ§ŲŲØŦ ØŦŲ ŲžØąŲŲŲØŗØą Ø¨ŲØĄ ‘ØŦØĒŲ Ø¨ŲØ¯Ų’ (ØĩŲØŲ ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą 27-30) (10)
‘ØąØ§ŲŲŲØ¯ØąØ§ Ø¯ØąØ´Ų’ ØĒŲ ŲÚŠŲŲ ØŗŲŲÚ ØŗŲŲŲžŲŊŲ ÚØ§ŲØ¯Ø§ØąŲ ØĒŲ ŲÚŠŲŲ ØŗŲŲŲ ØŗŲŲŲžØąŲ ÚŲŊŲØ§ØąŲ
(11) ‘ÚØ§ØąŲŲ ŲŲØĒŲØĒŲ’ ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą 47-51) ŲØ§Ú¯ŲØ¯ØąØ§ŲŲŋ Ø¨Ø§ØŗŲ ŲžØ§ØąØ§ŲØ اŲŲ
Ø Ø§ŲŲ
ÚŲ (12)
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Ø´ŲŲØą Ų
Ø´ŲŲØą ØąÚ¯ŲŲŲ Ų
ØĒØąØŦŲ
Ø ØąŲ
ŲØ´ÚŲØ¯ØąØąØ§ ÚØĒŲŊا ŲÚŠŲŲ ‘ŲžØąØ§ÚŲŲ ÚØ§ØąØĒØ´ŲØąØ´ ØŗØ¨ŲØ§ØĒŲ ÚĒŲ
ØĸØĻŲŲØ§ØŗØ ØØĩŲ-1′ (13 ØĸÚĒŲŊŲØ¨Øą) (13) ŲŲØ¯Ų Ø§Ø¯ŲØ¨ ‘ŲŲØ¯Ų ÚØ´Ø§ ÚŠŲØąŲ ØŗŲØ¯ŲŊŲŲŊŲ’ (14)
Ø¨Ø§Ø¨Ų Ø´ŲØ§Ų
ØŗŲØąØ Ø¨Ų ØŗŲØ ÚĒØ´ŲŲÚ¯Ø§ØąŲ ŲžØąØ§ÚŲŲ Øĩبا ØŦŲ ØŗŲÚĒØąŲŲŊØąŲ ÛŊ ŲŲØ¯Ų شبدا ØŗØ§Ú¯Øą
ÚĒØ´Ø بŲŲØŗØ§Øŗ ŲŲØ¯Ų ŲŲŲŲب਺ŲŊŲ ØŦŲ ŲžØąŲŲŲØŗØą ŲÚŠŲØ¯Ų ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨- ‘ŲŲØ¯Ų ÚØ´Ø§ ØŦŲ ŲÚĒØŗ’ (ØĩŲØŲ
ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą 3) -7)
(15) ŲžŲÚØĒ ŲŲÚĒŲ Ų
ŲØ§ØąØ§ØĻŲ Ø¨Ø§ØēØ Ø¨Ų Ø§ŲØ ‘Ø´ØąŲØąØ´Ø´Ų ØŗŲŲØ§Ø´’ ØŦا
اŲÚŲØ´ŲŲ ‘(اŲŲ ØĩŲØŲ ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą 8-9 ØĒŲ ÛŊ’ Hindutva ‘ØŦŲ ŲÚŠŲŲ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨ ØŦŲ 29 ØĒŲ) (16)
ŲžŲÚØĒ ØŦØ§Ú¯ŲØ§Ųŋ ŲžŲŲÚŲŲŲ Ú¯ŲØ¯ ŲÚŠŲŲ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨-’ ØĸØąŲŲŲ ÚŠØ§ ؚدŲ
ŲØ§ØĻŲØŗ ‘(17) ØąØ§Ų Ø¨ŲØ§Ø¯Øą
ÚŲŲŊŲŲØ§Ų
ŲŲ ŲŲØ§ŲÚŲ ŲŲÚŲØ اŲŲ
Ø Ø§ŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ø¨Ų.Ø ŲÚŠŲŲ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨- Ų
ŲØ§ØąØ§Ųŋ Ų
ŲØŗŲØŗ (18)
ØŗŲØ§Ų
Ų ØŗØĒŲØ¯ŲŲŲØŦŲ ŲžØąŲØ¯Ų Ø¸ØąØ§ ŲÚŠŲŲ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨-’ Ø´ŲØ´Ø§Ø´Ø§ ‘(ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą 8 ÛŊ 9) (19) ØąØ§Ų
اŲŲØ¯
ÚØĒØąØŦÛØ اڊÛŲÚž ÛŲØ¯ŲØŗØĒاŲÛ ÛŲØ¯Ų Ų
ÛØ§ÛØ§ÛØ§ ÚŠÛ 29 ŲÛÚē ڊاŲŲØąŲØŗ ÚŠÛ ØŗØąØ¨ØąØ§Û Ø§ŲØą
‘ØŦØ¯ÛØ¯ ØŦاØĻØ˛Û’ ÚŠÛ Ø§ÛÚÛŲšØą. ŲŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ Ų
ŲŲ
Ø§Ų Ų
ŲŲ
Ø§Ų ØŦŲ ØĒŲØąŲØą Ûž ÚŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲØ
Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲ ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. (20) Ø§ÚØ§ØąŲŲ ŲžØąØ§ØąØ§ŲØąØ§ ÚŲØ¯Øą ØąØ§ ØŦŲ Ų
ØļŲ
ŲŲ ØąŲØ˛Ø§ŲŲ Ø§ØŽØ¨Ø§Øą
Ø§ØŽØ¨Ø§Øą “ØĸØŦ” Ûž 29 ŲŲŲ
Ø¨Øą 1926 Øš ØĒŲ Ø´Ø§ŲØš ÚĒŲŲ. (21) ‘دŲŲŲ ÚÚĒŲŊ’ ØŦŲ Ø§ŲÚŲØ´ŲŲ. 29
ŲŲØ¨ØąŲØąŲ 1924) (22) ŲŲگشÚŲØ¯ØąØ§ ŲžØ§Ų ØŦŲ Ų
ÚžŲŲØ§ ŲŲŲØ˛ ŲžŲŲžØą ‘ŲžØąŲŲ
ŲØŗ Ø¯ØąØ¯ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų’
ØŦŲ Ų
ØĻŲ 1927 Øš Ûž Ø´Ø§ŲØš ŲŋŲŲ. 136-143. (23) ŲžŲØąŲŲŲ ŲžØŗŲ
Ø§ŲØ¯Ų ÚĒŲ
ŲØ´Ų ØŦŲÚĒ
ÚĒØ§ŲŲŲÚĒØ§Øą ØŦŲ ØŗØąØ¨ØąØ§ŲŲ Ûž ŲØ§ØĻŲ
ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØŦŲŲŲ Ûž ŲŲ Ø§ØšØĒØąØ§Ų ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲ ØĒŲØ Ø¨ØąŲÚģŲ
ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ØŦŲØĒŲÚģŲÚĒ ŲŲ ÚŠŲ Ø§ÚØ§ Ø¨Ų ŲØŽØą ŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲØ ØŦŲØĻŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ŲÚ¯ØąŲØ˛Ų
IPrabuddha ÚØ§ØąØĒ Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ŲžÚģ ØĸŲŲ “ŲŲ ŲŲ Ų
ŲÚĒ ØŦŲ ØšŲØ§Ų
ØŦŲ ŲÚĒ ŲØ§ÚŲ ØĸŲŲØ
ØˇØ§ŲØĒŲØą Ų
اÚģŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø§ØĢØą ŲŲŲē Ø˛ŲØ¯Ú¯Ų Ú¯Ø°Ø§ØąÚģ ŲØ§ØĄØ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ØŦØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØŲاظØĒ ŲØ§ØĄØ ØŦŲØĻØąŲ
ØŽŲØ´ ÛŊ Ų
ØŲŲØ¸ ØĸŲŲ. Ø§Ų Ø¯ŲØą Ûž ØĩØąŲØ ŲŲ Ų
ŲÚĒ ØŦŲ Ų
اÚģŲŲ Ø¨ØąŲÚģŲ ÛŊ Ø§Ų ØŦŲ ØŗŲØŗÚĒØąØĒ Ø˛Ø¨Ø§Ų
ØŦŲ ØšØ¸Ų
ØĒ ŲØ¨ŲŲ ÚĒØĻŲ ŲØĻŲ. Ø§Ų Ø˛Ų
اŲŲ ÛžØ ØŦÚŲŲ ØÚĒŲ
ØąØ§Ų ØĒبدŲŲ ŲŋŲØ اŲŲŲ ØšØąØ¨Ų ÛŊ
ŲžØ§ØąØŗŲ ØŦŲ Ø§ØšŲŲ ØšØ¸Ų
ØĒ ÚŠŲ ŲØ¨ŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ. Ø§Ų ÚŠØ§Ų ŲžŲØĄØ اŲÚ¯ØąŲØ˛Ų ØĸŲØ§ ÛŊ ØŗÚŲŲ Ų
اÚģÚžŲ
ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ Ø˛Ø¨ØąØ¯ØŗØĒŲØĄ ØŗØ§Ų ØŽŲØ´Ú¯ŲØ§Øą ŲØ¨ŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ .Ø§Ú¯Øą Ø§ØŗŲŲ Ø§ŲŲŲ Ų
اÚģŲŲ ÚŠŲ ÚĒØŦŲŲ ŲžØąØ§ÚģŲ
ŲØ§ŲŲ ÚŲÚģ ÚØ§ŲŲŲ ŲŋØ§Ø ØŦŲÚĒŲ ØšŲØ§Ų
ÚŠŲ ØŗŲÚØ§ŲÚģ ØŦŲ ØˇØ§ŲØĒ ØØ§ØĩŲ ÚĒŲ ŲŋØ§Ø ŲžŲØĄ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų Ø§Ų
ÚŠŲ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ŲŲŲ ØŗÚŲŲ Ųŋا. Ø¨ØąØˇØ§ŲŲŲ ØÚĒŲ
ØąØ§ŲŲ Ø¯ŲØąØ§ŲØ ØŦŲÚĒŲ Ø§ŲŲŲ ÚŠŲ ØŗÚŲ ØąŲŲØ§ ŲØĻØ§
اŲŲŲ ÚŠŲ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲ ØˇŲØą Ø§ŲÚ¯ØąŲØ˛Ų اŲŲŲ ÚŠŲ ŲØĻØ§. اŲŲ ŲžØ§Úģ ÚĒŲŲēŲŲØ¯Ø§ ŲØĻØ§ ØĒŲØ “Ø§ØŗŲŲ
Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲ Ø§Ú ØĸŲŲ” .Ø§Ú¯Øą ØŗŲØ§ØąØŦŲØ§ Ûž ŲžÚģØ Ø§ŲŲ Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲŲ ŲØ§ØØ¯ ØÚĒŲ
ØąØ§Ų ØĸŲŲØ ØĒŲ Ø´Ø§ŲØ¯
اŲŲ ÚĒŲŲŲ Ø°Ø§ØĒ ŲØ§ ÚĒŲŲŲ Ø¨Ų Ų
Ø°ŲØ¨ ŲØ§ ÚĒŲŲŲ Ų
ŲÚĒ Ų
اŲ. ØŗŲØ§ØŗØĒ ØĩØąŲ Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲØ¨ØļŲ
ŲŲŲē ØĸŲŲ. ØĒØšŲŲŲ
Ų ŲØ¸Ø§Ų
اŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲŲŋŲ Ûž ØĸŲŲ ÛŊ Ų
ŲÚŲØ§ ØŦŲ ØšŲØ§Ų
ÚŠŲ ØŗŲÚØ§ŲŲŲØ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ
اŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲŲŋŲ Ûž ŲžÚģ ØĸŲŲ. ” (ØŲاŲŲ: اŲÚŲŋÚĒÚĒ ÚØ§ØąØĒ ŲŲØąØĒا: - ÚĒØŗØŗØ§ŲŲØ¨ ÚĒŲŲÚĒŲŊØąØ
ŲŲÚŠÚĒ- ØąŲŲŲØ¯Øą ÚĒŲŲŲÚĒØ ØĩŲØŲ ŲŲ
Ø¨Øą 594-95Ø ÚŲŲØ˛Ų ڊاØĒŲØ اŲŲØ§ØąŲ
ŲØ´Ų ÛŊ ŲŊŲÚĒŲØ§ŲاØŦŲ
ŲØ˛Ø§ØąØĒ Ø´Ø§ŲØš ÚĒØąÚģ) Ø¨ØąØˇØ§ŲŲŲ ÚŲÚģ ŲÚŗØ§ ØĒŲ ‘Ø§ØŗŲŲ Ø§Ú Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ŲØŗ ØĸŲŲŲŲ’. ŲŲ ØŦŲ Ų
ØˇŲØ¨ ŲŲ
ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲØ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲŲ ŲØ§ŲÚ¯Øą Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ØŦŲØĒŲÚģŲÚĒØ ÚĒŲŲŲÚĒ ÚŲŲ ØĒŲ
اÚŲÚĒŲ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲØĄ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ŲŲ Ø¨ŲØ ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ŲØŗ ØąÚŗŲ ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ Ø¨ØąŲÚģŲ ØŗØ§Ų ØĸŲŲ. (24)
ŲžŲ. ÚĒØ§ØĻŲ: - Ų
Ø°ŲØ¨Ų ŲØĢØą ØŦŲ ØĒØ§ØąŲØŽ. (25) ØąØ§ŲÚŲŲ
Ų Ų
ÚŠÚžØąØŦŲ. 41 ÛŊ 47- “ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒاŲ
ØŦŲ ÚŲŲ ØĒØ§ØąŲØŽ ØĸØąŲØ§ØĻŲ ØŦŲ Ø¯Ø§ØŽŲŲ ØŗØ§Ų Ø´ØąŲØš ŲŋØĻŲ ŲŋŲ”. ØŲŲŲØĒ ÛžØ Ø§ŲŲ ŲÚĒ ØŗÚŲ ØĒØ§ØąŲØŽ
ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ÛŊ ØĸØąŲŲ ØŦŲ ÚĒØ§ Ø¨Ų Ø¯Ø§ØŽŲØ§ ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ŲžØą اŲÚŲØ§ Ûž ØĸØąŲŲ ØĒŲ ØŲ
ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ! (26)
ÚŲ ÚŲ ÚŠŲØŗŲبŲ: ŲžØąØ§ÚŲŲ ÚØ§ØąØĒ ÚŠŲ ØŗŲÚĒŲÚĒŲŲŊ ÛŊ ØŗØ¨ŲØ§ØĒŲ- ÚŠŲØŗŲØ¨Ų ŲžÚģ ŲģÚØ§ØĻŲ ŲŋŲ ØĒŲØ
Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲŲ Ø§ŲÚØŗ ØĒŲØ°Ųب ÚŠŲ ØĒباŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ. (27) ØąØ§ŲŲŲ ØŗŲØŗŲŋØąŲØĒŲØ§: Ųگاگا Ú¯Ųگا (28)
ØŦاŲŲØ¯Ø¯Ų Ø¯ŲØ´ŲŲŊ ÛŊ ŲžØąØĒا ØŦŲØ´Ų (IPS)Ø Ø§ŲŲ ÚĒØ§ÚŠŲØ§ØŗŲŋ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲ ŲžÚģ Ø§ŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ØąØ§ŲØ§
ÚŲŲØ§Ų ŲŋŲŲŲØ Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲŲ ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ÚŲ Ø§ŲŲ Ø§Ų ØĒØŲŲŲØ§ØĒŲ ØąŲžŲØąŲŊ (2001) ØŦŲ Ø¸Ø§ŲØą
ŲŋŲÚģ ڊاŲŲžŲØĄ ØŦŲØ´Ų ŲŲ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨ ÚŠŲ “ÚĒŲÚĒØĒØ§ØĒا ÚŲŊŲŲžØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲŲŲØ§ŲŲ Ø§ØĩŲ” ŲØ§ŲŲ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨
ŲÚŠŲØ§. ØŲŲŲØĒ ÛžØ Ų
ŲŲŊØą باŲ
ŲØ´ ØˇØąŲØ§Ų Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲاØĻŲ ØŦŲ ØĒŲØĩŲŲŲ ŲžŲØŗŲŊ اŲÚØąŲØŗ ØŦŲ Ø¸Ø§ŲØą
ŲŋŲÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų ŲžŲØĄ ØŦŲØ´Ų ØŦŲ ØąØ¯ØšŲ
Ų ŲŲ. ŲÚĒ Ø´ŲØĄ ŲØ§ØĄ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ØŦŲØ´Ų ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØĄ Ø´ÚĒØąÚ¯Ø°Ø§Øą ØĸŲŲŲŲ
ØĒŲ ŲŲ Ú¯ŲŲŊ Ûž Ú¯ŲŲŊ اŲŲ ŲØ¨ŲŲ ÚĒŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲ ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ! ØĸØŽØąÚĒØ§ØąØ ÚØ§
ØąŲŲ ŲŋŲ ØĒŲØ ÚĒØ¨ØąØ§ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ØĒØšŲŲØ§ØĒ ÚŠŲ ŲŲŲØ§ŲŲ ØĒŲ
Ø¯Ų ØŗØ§Ų ÚŗŲÚÚģ ØŦŲ ÚĒŲØ´Ø´
ÚĒØĻŲØ ØŦŲÚĒŲ ØĩØąŲ ŲÚĒ Ø¨ŲØ´Ų
Ø§Øą ÚĒŲØ´Ø´ ØĸŲŲ! Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ŲŲŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ŲŲŲØ§ŲŲ ØĒÛØ°Ųب ØŗØ§Ų ØĩØąŲ
ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ØēŲØą Ø§ØŽŲاŲŲØ ŲØ´ŲŲŲŲ
ا ÛŊ ÚŠŲŲŲ ØŦŲØŗŲ ØĒŲØ˛Ų ÚŲÚŠØ§ØąŲ ÚŲÚŠØ§ØąÚģ ØŦŲ ÚĒŲØ´Ø´ ÚĒØąŲ
ØąŲŲØ§ ØĸŲŲ. ØŲŲŲØĒ ÛžØ Ø§ŲŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø¯ØšŲŲ Ûž ÚĒŲ Ø¨Ų ØŗÚ ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ! (29) اŲŲ ØŦŲ ÚØ§ŲžØąÚĒØ§Øą-
ŲŲØĄ ‘ÚŲžŲŲžØą’ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
Ų ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ Ų
ØļŲ
ŲŲ Ûž ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ Ų
ØŽØĒŲŲ ØąØ§ØĄ ÚŠŲ ‘ÚŲŊØ§ŲžØ§ŲØ§ŲØ§Øŗ ÚĒŲŋاŲ
ØĸŲØ§ ŲØĻØ§Ø’ اŲŲŲ ØŗÚŲŲ Ø¨ŲØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲÚĒ ØšØ§Ų
ŲØĒŲØŦŲ Ø§ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲØ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ÚģŲ ŲŲ Ų
ŲÚĒ ÚŠØ§Ų
ŲģØ§ŲØą ØĸŲŲ. ØĩŲØŲ ØĒŲ. 295 Ûž ŲŲ ÚǨ਴ ØŦŲ ÚĒØŦŲŲ ØąØ§ØĄ شاŲ
Ų ÚĒŲŲ ØĸŲŲØ ØŦŲŲŲ ÚŠŲ Ø§ŲŲ
ÚŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. “ÚĒŲŲØĒØ§ØĒا ÚĒŲÚŲ ÚĒŲŋØ§Ų Ø§ÚÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų ØĸŲØ§Ø Ų
ŲŲŲØŦŲ ØŗŲÚÚģ Ø§ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ŲŲ
Ø´Ø§ŲØ¯ ØŗŲÚ ØŦŲ ŲŲŲ
ØĒ ØąØŗØĒŲ ØĒŲ ÚĒØĒØ§ØŦŲØ§ Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ÚŠŲ ÚĒŲØ§Ø¨Ø§ ÛŊ Ratnagiri ÚØ§ŲŲŲ Ø§ŲŲØ¯Ø§
ØĸŲŲ. اŲŲŲ ØļŲØšŲ Ûž Øĸباد ŲŋŲŲ. ØŗØ¨Ø¨Ų: - ØŦŲÚĒÚŲŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ŲØŗØ§ŲŲ ŲŲØˇŲ ŲØ¸Øą ØŦŲ Ø°ØąŲØšŲ
ØŗŲÚŲŲ ØŗŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ÚĒØĒŲØĒØ§ØĒ ÛŊ Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ŲģŲŲŲØĄ ØŦŲ ŲžØąØ§ÚģŲ ŲģŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲÚ Ûž ŲÚĒ ŲÚŲ
ŲÚĒØŦŲÚØ§ØĻŲ ŲžŲØ¯Ø§ ÚĒŲØ¯Ø§ØŗŲŲ. Ų
ØĢØ§Ų ÚĒŲ ØŗŲ (ÚØĒŲžØ§ŲŲ ŲģŲŲŲØĄ Ûž)Ø Ų
ØšŲŲ ‘ØŦØĒŲ ØĒŲŲØ§Ų
ØĸŲŲŲ’ ÚĒŲŲØ§ ÚŲ (Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ Ûž) ØĸŲŲ. Ú¯ŲŲŲŊ ÚŠŲ Ú¯ŲŲÚŲ ŲØ§ØĄØ ÚØĒŲžØ§ŲŲ Ûž ÚĒØĒŲ ŲØ§ØĄ ÚĒØĒŲØąŲ
Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒŲ ŲģŲŲŲØĄ Ûž ÚĒØĒØ§ØĄ ŲØ§ØĄ ÚĒØĒŲØ Ú¯ÚžŲÚŲ ØŦŲÚŲ ŲēŲŊŲ ŲŋŲŲ. ÚĒØŦŲŲ ŲžØąØ§ÚģŲ ÚŲŊŲ Ųŋا Ų
اÚģŲŲ
ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ŲžØąØ§ÚģŲ ÚŲØĒŲ ŲģŲŲŲØĄ ØŦا ŲŲØ¸ ØĸŲŲ ØŦŲÚĒŲ ŲØĢŲØą ØŗØą ØŗŲÚ ØŦŲ ŲŲØ¯Ų ŲØŗŲ ŲØ§ŲÚ¯Øą.
ÚŲØ§ŲاŲ
ØŦا Ų
اÚģŲŲ Ø§Ų ÚŠØ§Ų Ú¯ŲŲŊ ŲÚĒØŦŲÚØ§ ØĸŲŲØ ÚŲ ØĒŲ ØŗŲØ¯Ų ŲØ¨ŲŲŲ Ø§ØĒØą ÚŠØ§Ų ÚÚŠÚģ Ûž Ø¯ŲØą ØŗØ§Ų
Ú¯ŲŲŊ ØĸŲŲ ÛŊ اŲŲŲ ŲØ¨ŲŲØ§ ØŦŲ ŲÚ Ûž ÚÚ¯ŲŲ ØšØąØĩŲ ØĒاØĻŲŲØ اÚĒØĢØąŲØĒ ŲØ¨ŲŲŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ŲØ¨ŲŲŲ
ØŗØ§Ų Ų
ŲØ§ØĻŲ ŲŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲØ§ ØĸŲŲ. (31) ØŗŲØ§Ų
Ų Ø¯ŲØ¯Ø§ØąŲد ØŗØąØŗŲØĒŲ: - ŲŲ Ø§ŲŲ ŲžÚģ ÚŲŲ ŲŲ
ØĒŲØ Ø¨ØąŲÚģŲ ŲžØąÚŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. (32) ŲŲ ÚŲŲ ØĒŲ ” Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø§ŲÚŗ ÚĒØ§ŲŲØąŲØŗ Ûž Ų
ŲØŦŲØ¯
Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲاØĻŲ ŲžÚģ ØŲŲŲØĒ Ų
Ø§Ų ØĢابØĒ ŲŋŲØ§ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ŲŲ ØēŲØąŲ
ØŗŲŲ
ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. Ø§Ø¨Ø Ų
ŲŲŲØŦŲ ØŽŲØ§Ų
ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ ā¤¯āĨ ØĢØ¨ŲØĒā¤šā¤°āĨ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤Žā¤žā¤Ŗā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤ā¤°āĨ⤍ ⤝āĨā¤āĨ⤝ ā¤ā¤¨āĨ ā¤ā¤ŋ ā¤ŦāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤šāĨā¤Žā¤Ŗ ā¤ĒāĨ⤰ā¤ā¤žā¤Ē⤤ ā¤ā¤žā¤°ā¤¤ ā¤Žā¤ž
ā¤Ē⤰ā¤ĻāĨā¤ļāĨ ā¤šāĨ⤍āĨ.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitpavan
باڞØŦŲ ØŽØ§ŲØ¯Ø§Ų ØŦŲ Ø¨Ø§ŲØ§ Ø¨Ø§ŲØ§ ŲØ´ŲاŲŲŋ Ų
اŲ
بŲŲŲ
بŲŲØąŲ ØąØ§Ú¯Ø§Ø¯ ØļŲØšŲ ØŦŲ ŲŲŲØ¯ŲŲ ØšØ§ŲŲ
دŲŲ ØąØ§Ų
ÚĒØ´Ų Ú¯ŲŲžØ§Ų ÚØ§ŲØ¯Ø§ØąØ§Øą ÚŲžŲŲžØą Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲ
ØŦŲ ŲØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲÚ Ûž ÛŊ ŲŲØŗØˇŲŲ ØŦŲ ØŦØ§Ú¯ØąØ§ŲŲØ§ØĻŲ Ų
Ø§ÚŗŲ ØŦŲ ŲÚ Ûž ŲÚĒØŦŲÚØ§ØĻŲ ÚŲÚŠØ§ØąŲØ§
ØĸŲŲ. باŲŲØŦŲ ŲØ´ŲØ§Ų Ø¨Ø§ÚžØĒاŲŲ Ø¨Ø§ØŦŲ ØąØ§
ÚŲžØĒŲžØąØ§Ų Ø¨ØąÛŲ
Ų ÚŠŲ
ÛŲŲŲšÛ Ų
ÛÚē ÚÚžŲŲÚØ´
ÚŠØąŲŲ ÚŠØąŲŲØ ØŦØŗŲšØŗ Ų
ŲØ¯ŲŲ Ú¯ŲŲŲØ¯ ØąŲÚŲÚØ ŲŲÚŠŲ Ø¯Ø§Ų
ŲØ¯Ø§Øą ØŗØ§ā¤°āĨā¤ĩā¤žā¤°ā¤žā¤°Ø ā¤āĨā¤Ēā¤žā¤˛ ā¤ā¤ŖāĨā¤ļ
ā¤
ā¤āĨ⤰ā¤ĩā¤žā¤˛Ø ā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤍āĨā¤Ŧā¤ž ā¤āĨā¤ĩ⤍. ā¤ā¤ā¤Ēā¤ĩ⤍ ā¤ŦāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤šāĨā¤Žā¤Ŗ ā¤¸ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ļā¤žā¤¯Ø Ú¯Ø§ŲØ¯ÚžÛØ§Ų ØąŲØ§ŲØĒ Ų
ÛÚē Ø¯Ų اÛŲ
ØŗŲØ§ØŗØĒØ¯Ø§Ų Ø´Ø§Ų
Ų ÛÛÚē: Ú¯ŲžØ§Ų ā¤āĨ⤎āĨ⤪ ā¤āĨā¤āĨā¤˛Ø ØŦŲ ÚŠŲ Ú¯Ø§ŲÚŲ ā¤āĨ⤎āĨ⤪ ā¤āĨā¤āĨā¤˛Ø ŲŲ ØŦŲ
Ų
Ø´ŲŲØą Ø´Ø§Ú¯ØąØ¯Ų Ų
Ø§Ų ŲÚĒ ŲŲ ÚØ§Ų. گاŲÚŲ Bhave ÚŠŲ “ØŗŲØ¯Øŗ Ø´Ø§Ú¯ØąØ¯Ų ØŦŲ Ø˛ŲŲØą” ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ
Ø¨ŲØ§Ų ÚĒŲŲ ÛŊ Ú¯ŲØŽŲŲ ÚŠŲ ØŗŲØ¯Øŗ ØŗŲØ§ØŗŲ Ú¯ØąŲ ØŦŲ ØŲØĢŲØĒ ØŗØ§Ų ØĒØŗŲŲŲ
ÚĒŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ.
ŲŲŲžŲŲ
ÚØ§Ų
ØąØ§Øą ØŗŲØ§ØąØ§ØąØ§ØąØ شاŲŲ ÚĻŲØąŲ ØŦŲ ØŗŲØ§ØŗŲ ŲØ¸ØąŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø¨Ø§ŲŲ ŲÚŲŲŲ Ø¯ŲŲØĒØ§Ø ŲÚĒ ÚŲžØĒاŲ
Ø¨ØąŲŲ
Ø§Ų ŲŲ ÛŊ ÚĒŲØĒØąŲ ØĻŲ ÚŲžŲŲžØąŲŲ Ø§Ų ÚŠŲ ŲžŲØąŲŲŲ ØĻŲ ŲØąØ§Øą ÚŲŲ ŲŲ ÚØ§ÚĒØ§Úģ ØĒŲ Ø§ŲŲ
اŲŲ ØŗŲÚŲØ¯Ø§ ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ŲŲ ŲžŲØ´Ųا ØŦŲ ŲØąØĢŲ ÛŊ ØĒŲŲÚĒ ØŗØ§ŲŋŲ ØŦŲ Ų
ŲØˇŲŲ ŲØ§Ú ØĸŲŲ. اŲŲ
ÚØĒŲžØ§ŲØ§Ų ÚŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒاŲŲ ØŗŲØ´Ų ØŗÚØ§ØąŲ ØŦŲ ØĒØØąŲÚĒ ÛŊ گاŲÚŲ ØŦŲ ÚĒØ§Ų
ŲØ§Ø¨Ų ØŗŲØ§ØŗØĒ
ØŗØ§Ų Ú¯Ú ØŦØ§ØĄ ØĒŲ Ų
ØØŗŲØŗ ÚĒŲØ§. ÚĒŲ
ŲŲŲŲŊŲ ØŦŲ ŲÚŲ Ø§ŲÚ¯ ØŗØ§ŲŋØ§ØąØ§ØąØ ŲŲØ¯Ų Ų
ØØ§ØŗØ¨Ų ÛŊ
ØĸØŽØąÚĒØ§Øą ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ ÚŠŲ ŲØ¸Øą ØĸØĻŲ. Ø ŲŲ ØąØŦØšØĒ ŲžØŗŲØ¯ ØąØŦØØ§Ų Ûž ŲØąŲÚ¯ Ú¯ØąŲŲžŲ ÚŠØ§Ų
Ø§ŲØŗŲžØ§ØĻØąŲØ´Ų ÚŠŲ ÚĒÚŲ ÚÚŲŲ.
گاŲÚŲ ØŦŲ ŲØĒŲ ÚŠØ§Ų Ú¯Ø§ŲØ¯ÚžÛ ØŦŲ ŲØĒŲ ÚŠÛ Ø¨ØšØ¯Ø
Ų
ŲØ§ØąØ§Ø´ŲŊØą ØŦŲ ŲÚĒ ÚŲžŲØ§Ų Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲ
ŲØ ØĒشدد ڊا Ų
ŲØĩØ¯Ø Ø§ÚŠØĢØą Ų
Ø§ØąØĒÚž ذاØĒ ØŦŲ Ų
Ų
Ø¨ØąØ§Ų
ØˇØąŲØ§Ų. ØĒشدد ØŦŲ ØŲØĩŲŲ Ø§ŲØ˛Ø§ØĻŲ ÚĒØ§ØąÚĒØąØ¯Ú¯Ų Ú¯Ųگا ØŦŲ ØŗŲØŗŲŲ ØĒŲ Ú¯Ø§ŲÚŲ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲžŲØ§Øą ŲŲ
ŲØĻŲ ŲžØą Ø§Ų ØŦŲ Ų
ØąØļŲØĄ ÛŊ Ø°ŲØĒ ØŦŲ ØĒØšŲŲ ØŗŲØ¯Ų ذاØĒ ØŦŲ ŲžŲØ˛ŲØ´Ų ØŗØ§Ų ŲØ§ØŗØˇŲ ØąÚŠŲ ŲŋŲ.
ŲØ§Ø¨Ų ذÚĒØą Ų
اÚģŲŲ
ŲžØąŲŲØ§
Ø¨Ø§ŲØ§ ŲØ´ŲاŲŲØĒ ÛŊ ØŗŲØ¯Øŗ اŲŲØ§Ø¯Ø باØŦŲØąØ§Ų ØĸØĄØ ÚŲØŦŲØ§ Ø§ŲžØ§Ø Ø¨Ø§ŲØŦŲØŦŲ Ø¨Ø§Ø§ØĄØąŲØ
ØąØ§Ú¯ŲŲŲŋØąØ§ŲØ ØŗŲØąØ§Ø´ŲŲØąŲ باØĻŲØ Ų
ÚØ§ŲØąØ§ IØ ŲØ§ØąØ§ŲŲØąØ§Ø Ų
ÚØ§ŲØąØ§ IIØ ÛŊ باØŦŲØąØ§Ų II
ŲØ§Ųا ŲŲÚŲŲØŗ (1742 - 1800)Ø Ų
ØĻŲŲØąØąØ§ 2 ØŦŲ ØąØŦØŗŲŊØąŲŊ [64] ŲžŲØąŲŲØ§ ØŦŲ ŲŲŲēŲØ§Ų
ŲŲØŦŲ Ø§ÚŗŲØ§ÚģŲ [65] ÛŊ بؚد Ûž Ų
ØŽØĒŲŲ ŲžØąŲØŗŲžŲ ØąŲØ§ØŗØĒ Ø¨Ø§ŲØ§ØŦŲ ŲžØąŲØĒ ŲØ§ØĒŲ ØŦŲ ØÚĒŲ
ØąØ§ŲŲ
ØŗØ§ŲØ اŲÚ¯ØąŲØ˛Ų ØŦŲ ŲžŲØąØ§ŲØ§ Ų
Ø§ØąØĒÚž ØŗŲØˇŲØĒ ØŦŲ ØŽŲØ§Ų بØēØ§ŲØĒ ÚĒØĻŲ ÛŊ Ø´ŲŲŲØą ŲØ§Ø¯Ų ŲŲÚĒŲŊŲ
(Ú¯ŲŲžØ§Ų ŲØ§ØąŲ ؎اش؎) (1823-1892) ØŗŲ
اØŦ ØŗÚØ§ØąŲŲØ¯Ú [68] [6 9] ŲØ§Ųا ØĩØ§ØØ¨ (1824 -
1859) - ÚØąŲŲ ŲžØąŲŲ Ø¨Ø§ØŦŲÚ II ØŦŲ ŲÚĒ ŲØ§ØąØĢ ÛŊ Ų
ŲØ¸ŲØą ŲŋŲŲ 1857 ØŦŲ ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒاŲŲ
بØēØ§ŲØĒ Ų
ŲØ¯ŲŲ Ú¯ŲŲŲØ¯ ØąŲŲÚ (1842-1901) ØŗŲ
اØŦŲ Ø§ØĩŲØ§ØÚĒØ§Øą. ŲŲØŦŲØ§ ØąØ§Ø¤ Ø¨ŲØ§Ø¯Øą ØŦŲ
ØšŲŲØ§Ų. ŲØ´ŲÚžŲØ´ØŗŲšØąÛ ÚŠØąØ´ŲŲØ´ØŗŲšØąÛ ÚŲžŲŲŲÚŠØą (1850 - 1882) - Ų
ØļŲ
ŲŲØ ŲŲØ¯ŲŲ Ų
Ø§ŲØ§Ø
ØĸØąŲŊŲÚĒŲ ØŦØąŲŲØ Ų
ŲÚŲØ§ ØŦØąŲŲØ ØĒØšŲŲŲ
Ų Ø§ØŗØĒØ§Ø¯Ø Ø¨Ø§Ų Ú¯ŲÚ¯Ø§ŲØą ØĒŲŲÚĒ ÛŊ Ú¯ŲŲžØ§Ų Ú¯Ø§ŲØ´
Ø§Ú¯ØąØ§ØąØ ÚŲØĒØ´Ø§Ųا ŲžØąŲØŗ ØŦŲ Ø¨Ø§ŲŲ ŲŲØŗŲدŲŲ Ø¨Ø§ŲŲŲØĒ ŲÚÚŠ (1845 - 1883) - ŲÚĒ ŲŲÚŲ
ØÚĒŲŲ
ØĒ ØŦŲ ÚĒŲÚØą ŲžŲŲ ÛžØ Ø§ŲÚ¯ØąŲØ˛Ų ØŽŲØ§Ų ŲÚĒ ŲŲŋŲØ§ØąØ¨Ųد بØēØ§ŲØĒ ØŦŲ Ø§ÚŗŲØ§ÚģŲ ÚĒØĻŲ. بؚد Ûž
ŲÚĒ Ø§ØŗØĒاد. Ø¨Ø§Ų Ú¯ŲÚ¯Ø§ŲØą ŲŊÚĒÚĒ (1856 - 1920) -ØŦاØĻŲÚ Ø§ŲžŲŲÚĒ ØŗØ§Ų Ú¯Ú Ų稧ŲŲŲØ¯ÚØ
Ø§Ø¯ŲØ¨ ÛŊ ابØĒداØĻŲ ŲŲŲ
ŲžØąØŗØĒ Ø§ÚŗŲØ§Úģ. Ø¨ØąØˇØ§ŲŲŲ ŲŲØĸØ¨Ø§Ø¯ŲØ§ØĒŲ Ø§ŲØĒØ¸Ø§Ų
ŲŲ ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų “ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒاŲ
ØŦŲ Ø¨ŲØ¯Ø§ØąØĒŲ ŲØ§ØąŲ ŲžŲØĄ” ØŦŲŲžØ§Ų Ú¯Ø§ŲØ´ Ø§Ú¯ØąØ§Øą (1856 - ØŦŲŲ 1895). ØŦØąŲŲØŗŲŊØŗŲŊØ
ØĒØšŲŲŲ
Ų ÛŊ ØŗŲ
اØŦŲ ØŗÚØ§ØąŲ ÚĒØ´Ø§ŲŲŊØŗ (ÚǨ਴بŦŲØŦŲ ÚĒØ´Ø§Ų ÚŲŲ
) (15 Ų
Ø§ØąÚ 1866 - 7 ŲŲŲ
Ø¨Øą
1905) -Ų
اŲŊŲ ŲģŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ŲģŲŲŲ Ø¯ÚžŲŲÚŲ ÚĒŲØ´ ÚŠØąŲŲ (1858 - 1962) - ØŗŲ
اØŦŲ ØŗÚØ§ØąŲŲØ¯Ú ÛŊ
ØšŲØąØĒŲ ØŦŲ ØĒØšŲŲŲ
ØŦŲ ŲÚĒŲŲ ØĸŲŲØ¯Ø¨Ų ØŦŲØ´Ų (1865 - 1887) - اŲŲ ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒاŲŲ ØšŲØąØĒ
Ų
ØēØąØ¨Ų ŲŲŲŲب਺ŲŊŲØĄ Ų
Ø§Ų ØˇØ¨Ų Ø¯ØąØŦŲ ØØ§ØĩŲ ÚĒØąÚģ - ØšŲØąØĒ ØŦŲ Ų
ŲÚŲÚĒŲ ÚĒØ§ŲŲØŦŲØ§
ŲžŲØŗŲŲŲŲŲØ§- 1886 Øš Ûž ŲŲØ´ŲŲ ÚĒØąØ´Ų Ú¯ŲØŽŲŲ (1866 - 1915 Øš ÛžØ Ø´ØąŲØšØ§ØĒŲ ŲŲŲ
ŲžØąØŗØĒ
Ø§ÚŗŲØ§Úģ ÚĒØ§ŲÚ¯ØąŲØŗ ŲžØ§ØąŲŊŲ ÚØ§ŲžØ§ÚĒØą ÚØ§ØĻØąŲ ØŦŲ Ų
ØšØĒØ¨Øą ŲŲÚ¯ ØĒŲ (1873-1899)Ø
(1879-1899) - اŲÚ¯ØąŲØ˛Ų ØŦŲÚ¯Ų Ø¨ØąÚ¯Ų ØŦŲ ÚĒŲ
Ø´ŲØą ŲØ§ŲŲŊØą ØąØ§ŲØ¯Ų ÚŠŲ 1897 Ûž ŲžŲÚ¯ Ûž
ŲžÚ¯ÚžØ§ØąŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø§Ų
داد ØĒŲ ŲžŲŲŲØŦŲ ØŗØŽØĒ ŲŲŋ ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲØĒŲ ÚĒŲŲ. ŲÚĒ ØŗŲ
اØŦŲ ØŗÚØ§ØąØ§Ø
ØŦŲÚĒŲ ŲģŲ ŲģŲŲ ØŗÚØ§ØąŲ ØŗØ§Ų Ú¯ÚØ Ų
ŲŲŲ Ų
ŲŲŲØŗŲžŲ ÛŊ اŲÚ ŲŊŲŲŊ ØŦŲ ÚŲØĻØąŲ
ŲŲ ØŗØąØ§ØŦŲØ¯ØąØĒ
ŲŊŲžÚģŲØ Ų
ŲØ§ØĒ ØŗØĒØ§ØąŲÚ¯ØąŲ ØŦŲ Ø¯ŲØąØ§Ų Ø§Ų
Ø¯ŲØąÚŠØą Ûž Ų
دد ÚĒØĻŲ. Narasimha Chintaman
Kelkar (1872 - 1947) - Ø§Ø¯ŲØ¨Ø ØĩØØ§ŲŲØ ŲŲŲ
ŲžØąØŗØĒ Ø§ÚŗŲØ§Úģ. ŲØ§ØĻØŗØąØ§ØĄ ØŦŲ
اŲÚ¯Ø˛ŲÚĒŲŲŲŊŲ ÚĒØ§ØĻŲŲØŗŲ ØĒŲ ØŽØ¯Ų
ØĒ ÚĒØĻŲ ŲØĻŲ (1924-29). Ú¯ŲØ´ ÚŲŲ
ŲØ§Øą ØŗØ§ÚĒØąØ§ØąØ§Øą (1879 -
1945)Ø ØĸØŽŲŲØ¯ ÚØ§ØąØĒ ØŗŲØŗØ§ØĻŲŊŲ ØŦŲ Ø¨Ø§ŲŲØ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲØĄ ŲØ§ØąŲ ÚĒØ§ØąÚĒØąØ¯Ú¯Ų ÛŊ ŲŲŲŲÚĒ ÚŲŲ
ŲØ§Øą
ØŗØ§ŲØ§ØąØ§ØąØ§Øą ØŦŲ ÚØ§ØĄ. Vinayak Damodar SavarkarØ (28 Ų
ØĻŲ 1883 - 26 ā¤Ģ⤰ā¤ĩ⤰āĨ 1 9
66) ā¤šā¤ŋ⤍āĨā¤ĻāĨ ā¤Ļ⤰āĨā¤ļ⤍ā¤ā¤ž ⤏āĨā¤ĩ⤤⤍āĨ⤤āĨā¤°ā¤¤ā¤žØ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤Žā¤žā¤ā¤ŋ⤠⤏āĨā¤§ā¤žā¤°ā¤ ā¤° ⤏āĨ⤤āĨ⤰. Ų
Ø´ŲŲØą ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ ŲŲØą
ØŗØ§ÚĒØąØ§ØąØ§Øą (”Ø¨ÛØ§Ø¯Øą” ØŗØ§ŲØ§ØąØ§ØąØ§Øą) ØŦŲ ŲØ§ŲŲ ØŗØ§Ų Ų
Ø´ŲŲØą ØĸŲŲ.
ØŗŲŲŲŲžØ§ŲŊŲ
بŲŲžØ§ØĒ (12 ŲŲŲ
Ø¨Øą 1880 - 28 ŲŲŲ
Ø¨Øą 1967) - Ų
Ų
ØĒØ§Ø˛ ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒاŲŲ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲØĄ ØŦŲ ØŦŲÚ¯Ų
ØŗŲŲŲŲŊŲ ØŦŲ ŲŲØ¨ ØØ§ØĩŲ ÚĒŲŲ ØŦŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ØŗŲŲŲØĻØą ØŦŲ Ų
ØˇŲØ¨ ØĸŲŲ ÚŲÚØ§ØŗØ¨Ø¨ ŲŲÚĒŲŲ (30
Ø§ŲžØąŲŲ 1870 ØšØ 16 ŲŲØ¨ØąŲØąŲ 1944) ŲžØ§ŲŲØŦØą اŲÚŲŲ ŲŲŲ
اŲÚØŗŲŊØąŲ ÚǨ਴ŲŲŲØŦŲ ØĒØÚĒØŽ
ØŽŲŲŲ ØŽŲŲŲ- (25 ŲŲŲ
Ø¨Øą 1872 - 26 ØĸÚ¯ØŗŲŊ 1948) اŲÚØŗŲŊØąŲ ÚĒØ§ŲŲØŦ Ų
ŲØŗŲŲŲ ØŦŲ Ų
Ø´ŲŲØą
ŲØ§Ų
ŲØą [9] ŲØ´ŲŲŲŋ ÚĒØ´ŲاŲŋ ØąØ§ØŦŲžŲØĒ (1863-1926) - ØĒØ§ØąŲØŽŲ [91] Ø§ŲØŗŲŊŲ ŲØŗØ§ŲŲ
اŲ
ÚĒŲØąŲ (1891-1910) - ŲŲØ¯ØŗØĒاŲŲ ŲŲŲ
ŲžØąØŗØĒ ÛŊ اŲŲŲØ§Ø¨ŲØ Ø¨ØąØˇØ§ŲŲŲ ÚĒŲŲŲÚĒ ØĸŲ ŲŲØ´ÚĒ ØŦŲ
ŲØĒŲ ØŦŲ ŲØ§ØĄ ŲžÚžØ§ŲØŗŲØ 1910 Ûž Ø§Ų Ø§ŲŲ
ŲŊŲ ØŦÚĒØŗ [ŲÚĒ] ŲŲÚØ§ ÚØ§Ų- (1895 - 1982)Ø
Ú¯Ø§ŲØ¯ŲاØĻŲØ§Ų Ø§ÚŗŲØ§Úģ ÛŊ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯Ų ŲØ§ØĻÚ¯Ų Ø¯Ø§ØĒاØĒØąŲØ§ ØąØ§Ų
ÚŲØ¯ØąØąØ§ بŲŲÚ (1896 - 1981) ) -
Ø´Ø§ØšØą ÛŊ Ø§Ø¯ŲØ¨ ÚŠŲŲÚØ§ ŲģŲŲŲØĄ Ûž. ØŦŲŲ ŲØˇŲŲ Ø§ŲØšØ§Ų
ØŦا ŲØ§ØĒØ [96] ŲØ§Øą ŲØ´ŲŲ Ú¯Ø§Ø¯Ú¯ŲŲ-
(10 ØŦŲŲØąŲ 1896 - 12 ØŦŲŲØąŲ 1966) ÚĒØ§ŲÚ¯ØąŲØŗ ØŦŲ Ø§ÚŗŲØ§Úģ ÛŊ اŲŲØąŲØ˛ ØŦŲ ÚŠØ§Ø¨ŲŲŲ ØŦŲ
ØĸØĻØąØ§ŲŊŲ ÚĒØąŲŲ (1 905 - 1 9))Ø ŲØ¸ØąŲاØĒŲ ŲžØąØŗØĒ ŲØąØĒŲØą Ø¯ŲŲØĒØ§ (19 Ų
ØĻŲ 1910 - 15
ŲŲŲ
Ø¨Øą 1 9 4 9) Ų
ÛØ§ØĒŲ
ا Ú¯Ø§ŲØ¯ÚžÛ ÚŠÛ ŲØ§ØĒŲ [99] ŲØ§ØąØ§ÛŲ Ø§ÛŲžŲšÛ (1911 - 1949) -
Ú¯Ø§ŲØ¯ÚžÛ. Ú¯ŲžØ§Ų Ú¯Ø§ŲØŗ (1 919 - 2005) - گاŲÚŲ Ø§ŲØą ŲØ§ØĒÚžØąŲ
اŲ
Ú¯ŲŲØŗ ØŦŲ ŲŲÚŲ ÚØ§ØĄ
ØŦŲ ŲØĒŲ Ûž Ų
Ų ØŗØ§Ø˛Ø´ ØŗØ§Ø˛Ø´. [100] ŲžØ§ŲÚŲÚ¯ Ø´Ø§ØŗØĒØąŲ Ø§ØĻŲŋاŲŲŲ (1920-1960) اÛÚŠ
Ø¨ÚžØ§ØąØĒÛ ÚŠØ§ØąÚŠŲ ŲŲØŗŲÛØ ØąŲØØ§ŲÛ ØąÛŲŲ
Ø§Ø ØŗŲ
اØŦÛ Ø§ŲŲŲØ§Ø¨Û Ø§ŲØą Ų
Ø°ÛØ¨ اØĩŲØ§Ø ŲžØŗŲØ¯ ØĒڞاØ
ØŦŲ 1954 ØĄ Ų
ÛÚē ڊاشÛŲØ§ØĒÚž Ú¯ŲÛÚŠØą (1930 - 1986) - Ų
ØąØ§ŲšÚžÛÛ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ÚŠØ§Øą Ø§ŲØą Ų
ØąØ§ŲšÚžÛ
ØŗŲžØąØŗŲšØą Ų
ØąØ§ŲšÚžÛ Ų
ØąØ§ØŲ ŲžØą ØŗŲÚÛÛØ§ ŲžØ§ØąØ§ŲØ§Øą (ØŗŲÛÛØ§Ûا ŲÛŲ
ŲÛ) ÚŠÛ Ø¨ŲÛØ§Ø¯ ØąÚŠÚžÛ ØĒÚžÛ.
(ŲžŲØ¯Ø§ØĻØ´ ØŦŲ Ú¯ŲØąØ¨Ų) Vikram Gokhale (ŲžŲØ¯Ø§ØĻØ´ 1947 Øš) - ÚØ§ØąØĒŲ ŲŲŲ
Ø ŲŊŲ ŲŲ ÛŊ
Ø§ØŗŲŊŲØŦ اداÚĒØ§Øą [ØŲØ§ŲØ§ØĻŲ Ú¯ŲØąØ¨Ų] Ų
Ø¯ŲØąŲ دŲŲŊ (ŲžŲØ¯Ø§ØĻØ´ ØŦŲ Ø´ØąŲØšØ§ØĒ 1967) - باŲŲ
ŲŲÚ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ÚĒØ§Øą [102] ŲžØąØ§Ø´Ø´ Madhusudan Apte ØĸØąÚĒŲŲŊØą ÛŊ ÚŗŲŲē ØŗØ§Ø˛. Ú¯ŲÚŲŲ ŲÚ¯Øą Ø´ŲØą
ØŦŲ Ų
ŲØĩŲØ¨Ų Ų稧ŲŲŲ ÛŊ Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ØŦŲ Ø¯Ø§ØąØ§ŲØÚŠŲŲ
ØĒ.
ØĒŲŲŲ ÚĒØąŲØ Ø§ŲŲ ŲžŲØąŲŲ ŲŲØ´ŲŲ
ŲžØ§ŲžŲŲŲØ´Ų ØąØŦØŗŲŊØąŲØ´Ų (اŲŲ ŲžŲ ŲžŲ) ØŦŲ ØĒابؚ ÚĒŲØ§ ŲÚŲ ØŦŲÚĒŲ Ø§ŲžØąŲŲ 1 ØĒŲ ÚĒŲŊŲŲŲ
ŲŲŲØ¯ŲŲŲ ØĩØąŲ 0.1ŲĒ ØēŲØą Ø§ØŽŲاŲŲØ ØĒØ´Ø¯Ø¯Ø Ø¯ŲØ´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯Ų ØŦŲ ØĒØšØ¯Ø§Ø¯Ø Ø¯ŲŲØ§ ØŦŲ ŲÚĒ
Ø¯ŲØ´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯Ø ÚĒÚŲŲ Ø¨Ų Ø´ŲŲŊŲÚ¯Ø Ų
ŲØ¨ ŲŲŲÚØ ŲØ§ŲÚØ ذŲŲŲ ØˇŲØą ØĒŲ Ø¨ØąŲØąØ§Øą ØąÚŠÚģ ŲØ§ØĄ
ØąŲŲŲØ¯Ų / ØąŲØ§ØŗØ§ ØŗŲØ§Ų
Ų ØŗŲŲžØŗ (ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ) ØŦŲ ÚŲŊŲŲžŲ Ø¨ØąŲŲ
ŲØŗ (ØĸØą Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§ŲØŗ) ÚŠŲ
ÚŲž ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦŲ Ų
ŲØĩŲØ¨Ų Ų稧ŲŲŲØ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ ÛŊ ÚØ§ŲŲØ ÚÚĒŲŲ ŲØ¯ŲØĒŲØ§ ÚĒØĒŲ ÚŲØĒŲžØ§ŲŲ Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲ ØŦŲ
ŲžŲØąŲŲŲ ØąØĒØ ÚĒØąØĒØąŲØ§Ø ŲŲØŗŲØ§Ø Ø´ŲØąØ§Ø ÚŗØŦŲØ§ØąŲ Ø§ŲØŗ Ø§Ų Ø§ŲØŗ / Ø§ØŗŲŊŲÚĒ / اŲŲŲØĒŲ
اŲŲŲØĒŲ ÚŠŲ ŲØąÚ¯Ø˛ ŲŲ ØŗŲ
ØŦŲŲŲ ŲŲŲØ¯Ų ØĸŲŲ ØĒŲ ŲØą ŲØŗŲ
ØŦŲ Ø¸ŲŲ
Ų ØĒŲ ØšŲ
Ų ÚĒØąŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲØŦŲ
ŲŋŲ. ŲžØą ŲŲ Ų
ŲØ§ØĒŲ
ا ØŦŲ ÚĒŲŲŲ Ø¨Ų ØąŲØ Ûž ÚĒÚŲŲ Ø¨Ų ŲŲ Ų
ÚŲŲ. ŲŲ ÚŲŲ ØĒŲ ØŗÚØĻŲ Ø¨ØąØ§Ø¨Øą
ØĸŲŲ ØŦŲ ØĒŲ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų ØŦŲ ØšØŦŲØ¨ ØŦØ¯ŲØ¯ ØĸØĻŲŲ ŲÚŠŲŲ ŲŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ÚŲžØĒØ§Ų Ø¨ØąŲÚģŲ ÚŠØ§Ų ØŗŲØ§ØĄ ŲģŲŲ
Ų
Ø°ŲØ¨ ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ ŲØ§ ذاØĒ ŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ÚØĒŲģØ§Ų Ø¨ØąŲØ§ŲŲŲ ÚŲŲÚŲŲ ÚĒÚŲŲ Ø¨Ų ŲŲ Ų
ÚŲŲØ¯Ø§ ØĸŲŲ.
Ų
Ø´ØąÚĒŲ Ų
ŲØĒØŽØ¨ ŲŋŲŲ Ų
ŲØĒØŽØ¨ ŲŋŲŲ ØĸŲŲ. ÚØĒŲžØąØ§Ų Ø¨ØąÛŲ
ŲØŗ ÚÛ Ø§ÛŲ Ø§Û ÚŠÛ ØąŲžŲØąŲš Ų
ÛÚē
بØĒØ§ÛØ§ Ú¯ÛØ§ ÛÛ ÚŠÛ ŲÛ ØēÛØą Ų
ŲÚŠÛ Ø§ØĩŲ Ų
ÛÚē ÛÛÚē ØŦŲ Ų
ÛÚē Ø§ØŗØąØ§ØĻÛŲØ ØŗØ§ØĻØ¨ÛØąÛØ§Ø ØĒبØĒØ
Ø§ŲØąÛŲÛØ Ų
Ø´ØąŲÛ ÛŲØąŲžØ Ų
ØēØąØ¨Û ØŦØąŲ
ŲÛØ Ø´Ų
اŲÛ ÛŲØąŲžØ ØŦŲŲØ¨Û ØąŲØŗØ ÛŲÚ¯ØąÛØ ŲØēÛØąÛ
ŲØēÛØąÛ ØŗÛ ØŽØ§ØąØŦ ÛŲØŗÚŠØĒÛ ÛÛÚē. اŲŲŲ ØŦŲ ÚŲ Ø§ŲŲ ØŦŲ Ø§ØĩŲ ØĸŲŲ.
ŲÚŲ Ų
ŲØąØ¨Ø§ŲŲØĄ ØŗØ§Ų
ØĒŲŲØ§Ų ØŦŲ Ų ØŽŲØĩŲ ØĸŲŲ
ØŦŲØĒŲŋŲ ÚŲØ¯ØąØŗØ§Øą
ÚŠŲØ´ŲŲ ŲØ¨Ųبا بŲŲ
ØŦŲ ŲžÚ¯ŲØ§Øą-ŲžŲŲŊŲ ÛŊ Ų
ÚĒŲ
Ų Ø¨ŲŲŲÚŲ ØŦŲ ØŲØĢŲØĒ ØŗØ§Ų ØŲŲŲŲ Ú¯ŲŲØ§
ØŗŲēŲ ÚĒØąŲŲ! ØļŲ
Ø§ŲØĒ ÛŊ ØŲاظØĒ!
ØŦŲØĒŲÚģŲÚĒ ØŗØĒ ØŗØ§Ų Ø§Úŗ ØŗŲ
ØŦŲŲ ØŗÚ¯ŲŲ ŲŋŲ. ŲÚĒ ØŗØĒØą ØŗØ§Ų Ø§Úŗ ØšŲ
Ų ÚĒØąÚģ Ú¯ŲØąØŦŲ.
āϏāĻžāĻŦ: āĻā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻĄ - āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ āĻĒā§āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤ āϏāĻŋāĻāĻ, āĻāύāĻāϰāϏāĻŋ āĻāĻŖāϤāĻžāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϰā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻšāϤāĻžāĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻžāύā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ (āĻŽā§āĻĻā§) āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāϏā§āϝ⧠āĻāϰā§āĻā§, āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύ⧠āĻāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŋāĻāĻŽ / āĻāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĒāϞ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŽāĻžāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§ āĻāĻŋāϞā§āĻā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āϏā§āĻā§, āĻāĻžāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏā§āϰāĻā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āύ! āĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻā§āĻŦā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻā§āύ!
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https://northeastlivetv.com/âĻ/trump-to-discuss-caa-nrc-issâĻ/
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2. āĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϞ āĻĢā§āϞ !!
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https://www.msn.com/âĻ/mayawati-first-to-accept-aâĻ/ar-BBZd86i
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āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§
https://www.gopetition.com/âĻ/declare-rss-a-terrorist-organiâĻ
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āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻāϞā§āϞā§āĻāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώāϤ āĻāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻāĻŖ
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āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϏā§āϤāĻŋāώā§āĻā§āϰ āĻ āĻĒāĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻšāϞā§āύ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĨ¤ IgāĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ IgāĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ âāĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύā§āĻĄāĻžāϰâ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āύāĻāϰ (āĻĒā§āϰāϏ) āϧā§āĻŦāĻāϏ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ BrahāĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻ āύā§āĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āϏā§āϤā§āϤā§āϰ (āĻļā§āϞā§āĻ) āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āϝāĻž āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰ⧠āϝ⧠āĻā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻāĻŖ āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϧā§āϰā§āϤ āĻā§āĻļāϞ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ mināĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻš’āϞ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖā§āϝāĻŧ āϧā§āϰā§āϤāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻšāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻšāĻžāύāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰāĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āύā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ RāĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻšāĻžāύāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ; theāĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻ āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧ āϝ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āύāĻŋāώā§āĻ ā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ .āĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϏ⧠āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋ āϝā§, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āϏāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻžāϏā§! āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āϰ āϏāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ āϞāĻŋāĻāϤā§āύ, āϤāĻŦā§ heāĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āĻāĻāύāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰāĻž āĻĻāϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ IgāĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻļāĻŽ āĻŽāύā§āĻĄāĻžāϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰā§āώ-āϏā§āĻā§āϤ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ- āĻāϏāϞ⧠āĻā§āύ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻāĻŋ āϰāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ? āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϰ āĻ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝ āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧠āύāĻžāĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻšāϤā§āϝāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰā§, āĻāĻ āύāĻžāĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāύā§āĻŽāĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻāĻāĻā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ, āĻĒā§āϰā§āώāĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϧāĻŋāĻĒāϤā§āϝ āĻŦāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž igāĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšāύāĨ¤ āϏā§āĻ āϏā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻ āĻāϞā§āĻĒ āĻŦāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ, āĻā§āώāϤā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦā§āĻļā§āϝāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰā§āϰ āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻšā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰā§āϰ āĻ āĻāĻļ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāύā§āĻŽ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻĻā§āĻĻ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāϰā§āϰ āϤāĻŋāύāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖā§āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ âāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻâāĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻŖ āĻāύā§āĻŽ āύā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖā§āϰ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻāύā§āĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻāύā§āĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻ āĻāĻĒāύāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ āύā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāϰā§āϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻāĻŖā§āϰ āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ āĻš’āϞ, āĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϰāĻšā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāύā§āĻŽāĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰā§; āϏā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύāĨ¤ āϰāĻžāώā§āĻā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻ āĻĢā§āϞ⧠āĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϰāĻšā§āĻŽ-āώāĻĄāĻŧāϝāύā§āϤā§āϰ (āĻŦā§āϰāĻšā§āĻŽāĻž-āĻā§āϤāϞāĻž) āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ āĻ āύā§āϏāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻšā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāύā§āĻŽāĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āύ; āϏā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻšāϞā§āύ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύ, āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŦāϤ⧠āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻ āĻāύā§āĻŽ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽā§āĻ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāύā§āϤāĻžāύāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āύ? āĻā§āύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŦāϤ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧ? āĻāĻāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻā§āύāĻ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤā§āύ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāĻšāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻā§ āĻŽā§āύ⧠āύā§āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāĻŋāϏā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύ? āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāϤāĻāĻžāĻ āϧā§āϰā§āϤ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻšā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϤāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώ āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§āϰ āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻ āĻāĻļā§ āĻāϤ āύā§āĻā§ āϏāϤā§āϤāĻž āĻā§āĻāĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āϧā§āϰā§āϤ, āϧāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāύā§āϧ āĻ āύā§āĻā§ āϞā§āĻā§āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϏā§āϤāĻŋāϏā§āĻāĻā§ āĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ! āĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧠āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧāĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ āĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āώāĻŖāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻāĻ āĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ ras āĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖā§ āĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤
āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏā§āĻ āĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻļā§āϰā§āĻŖāĻŋ āĻāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āϏā§āĻĒā§āĻļā§āϝ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻā§āώāĻŖāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻ āĻĒāϰāĻžāϧ⧠āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϝāĻžāϝāĻžāĻŦāϰ āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ āϤā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻžāϏāϤā§āĻŦ āĻāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ āĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰ-āĻ āϤā§āĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻŽ āĻŽāϰā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻĻā§āĻĻ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāύā§āϝ; āĻĄāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ āĻāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāϰ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āώ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝ⧠“āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϏā§āϤāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻā§ āĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻā§”! āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤ āĻāϰ⧠āϝ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻļāĻžāϏāύāĻžāĻŽāϞ⧠āϰā§āĻĄ, āĻļā§āϞā§āĻāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻā§āĻāĻŋ, āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻŦ, āϞāĻžāϏāϏā§āύ, āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āϏ āĻŽā§āϞāĻžāϰ, āĻļā§āϞā§āĻāĻžāϰ, āĻŽāĻŽāϏā§āύ, āĻŽāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽāϏ āϝā§āĻŽāύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§āύ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻāĻļā§āĻĻā§āĻā§āϤ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āϏ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ āĻāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāϞ (āĻā§āĻļāĻŦ) āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϧāϰ āϤāĻŋāϞāĻ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āϏāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻžāϏ⧠“” āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻšā§āĻŽ “āύāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻšā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻĨāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϏā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϏ⧠āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻāĻŋāϞ? āϤāĻŋāϞāĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ āĻā§āĻāϞ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϏā§āĻāĻŋāϞ; āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ āĻŦāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝā§, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻŦāϤ, āĻāĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻĒ, āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋ, āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻĒ, āĻĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϏā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāϰāĻž āϝāĻāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻĄā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϤāĻāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻžāĻāĨ¤ , āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āϏāĻžāύāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻāύ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŋāϞ, āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāϤā§āϝ āϏāϤā§āϝ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻš’āϞ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāϰā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϝā§, āĻāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻžāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§; āϏā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻ, āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĻā§āĻāύ⧠āĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧠āĻāĻ āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧ āĻāĻžāϰāϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āϰāĻžāĻāϤā§āĻŦ āĻāϰāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ (ā§§) āĻŽāύāϏā§āĻŽā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏā§āϤāĻŦ (āϏā§āϞā§āĻ) āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§, āϝāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖā§āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĨ¤ āĻŽāύāϏā§āĻŽā§āϤāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤāĻŋ āύāĻāĨ¤ || 24 || āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ: âāĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻĒāϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ āύā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āĨ¤ (āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻš’āϞ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻāύā§āĻŽāĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰā§)āĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϏāĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋāϤ! “(⧍) āĻŦāĻžāϞ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϧāϰ āϤāĻŋāϞāĻ (āĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻšā§āĻŽ): -” āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āώā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤā§āϝ⧠āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻāĻāύāĻž āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āϝāĻž āĻā§āĻĒāύ āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāĻ āĻŦā§āĻāĻž āĻŽā§āĻļāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāϧā§āύāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϰ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏā§āĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻ āϧā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāϰāϤāĻžāĻŽ, āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāύā§āϤ⧠āĻĒā§āĻāĻāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰā§āϝāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āώāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϰāĻĢ āϝā§āĻā§āϰ āĻļā§āώ⧠āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻā§āĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āϰ āĻ āĻā§āĻāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰāĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ “(ā§Š) āĻŽā§āĻšāύāĻĻāĻžāϏ āĻāĻāĻā§āϰā§āϏā§āϰ 39 āϤāĻŽ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ⧠āĻāϰāĻŽāĻāĻžāĻāĻĻ āĻāĻžāύā§āϧā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ āϤāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ, āϝāĻž ⧍ A āĻļā§ āĻĄāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ ⧧⧝⧍ā§Ē-āĻ âāĻāĻâ āĻĒāϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϏā§āĻāύā§āϝ āϏāĻšāĻāĻžāϰ⧠‘āĻāύ-āϏā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻļāϝā§āĻā§āϝāϤāĻž’ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§: - “āϏā§āĻŦāϰāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĨā§ āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻ -āϏā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻļāϝā§āĻā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āϞā§āĻā§āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āϤā§āϞāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§, āϝāϤāĻā§āώāĻŖ āύāĻž āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϏāϏāĻŋ / āĻāϏāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύāϤāĻž āύāĻž āĻĻā§āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĄā§āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĄā§āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻāĻĻāĻŋāύ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻšāĻžāύāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰāϰāĻž āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāϰā§āϝ āĻāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āϰāĻžāύā§āϤāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻāĻŋāϞ āϝāĻž āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āϏā§āϤāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻāĻāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ “(ā§Ē) āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻžāĻāϰāϞāĻžāϞ āύā§āĻšā§āϰā§: - āύā§āĻšā§āϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧā§ āĻāύā§āĻĻāĻŋāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāύā§āϧā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āĻāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāϰā§āύāĻžāĻŽ “āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ”āĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϤ⧠āύā§āĻšā§āϰ⧠āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āϏāĻŋāύā§āϧ⧠āϏāĻā§āϝāϤāĻž āϧā§āĻŦāĻāϏ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤ âāĻāϏā§āύ āĻĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻā§ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϰ āĻāĻā§ āĻĻā§āĻā§āĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āύ āϝā§āĻā§ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āύāĻŋāĻāϏā§āĻŦ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤā§āĻāĻžāϞā§āύ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧ āύāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻāĻļāϧāϰāϰāĻž āĻāĻ āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāϰāĻĒāĻžāĻļā§ āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰāĻā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāϰā§āϝāϰāĻž āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ, āĻāĻ āĻāϰā§āϝāϰāĻž āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ āĻāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦā§āĻšāϤ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŋāϞ, āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āύāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻ āύā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϝ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ â(ā§Ģ) āϤāĻžāĻāϰâ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ āĻŦāϰā§āώ āĻāĻž āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ âāĻā§āϰāύā§āĻĨā§ āϞāĻžāϞāĻž āϞāĻāĻĒāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻ āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ-āĻāĨ¤ āĨ¤ ⧍⧧ -⧍⧍ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻšāϞā§āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰāĻžāĨ¤ ()) āĻŦāĻžāϞ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϧāϰ āϤāĻŋāϞāĻ (āĻāĻžāϰāϤ āĻŦāϰā§āώ āĻāĻž āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ, āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ 87 87-⧝⧝āĨ¤ āϞā§āĻāĻ- āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāύā§āϧā§) ()) āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āĻļā§āϝāĻžāĻŽāĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ, āĻāĻŽ.āĻ., āĻāĻŽ.āĻāϰ.āĻ.āĻāϏ. āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āϏā§āĻāĻĻā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰ⧠āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ, āĻāĻŽ.āĻ., āĻāĻŽ.āĻāϰ.āĻ.āĻāϏ. āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻ âāĻāĻžāϰāϤ āĻŦāϰā§āώ āĻāĻž āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏā§, āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ -ā§§, āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻâāĨ¤ -⧍-63ā§Š) (ā§Ž) āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āĻāύāĻžāϰā§āĻĻāύ āĻāĻā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ âāĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϰā§â āĻĒāϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϤā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ; āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠⧧⧝⧍ā§Ģ āϏāĻžāϞ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧ- âāĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻā§ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻâ (āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ ā§¨ 27-⧍⧝) (⧝) āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāĻĻ, āĻāĻŽ.āĻāϰ.āĻ.āĻāϏ., āĻāĻĒ-āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻā§āĻāϰ, āĻāĻ.āĻĒāĻŋ. āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϤāύ āĻŽāϰāĻžāĻĨ āĻāϞā§āĻā§āϰ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ, ‘āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āĻĻāĻŋ’ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āύ (āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ ā§¨ 27-ā§Šā§Ļ) (ā§§ā§Ļ) āϰāĻŦā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻ āĻžāĻā§āϰā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āϞā§āĻāĻž āϰāĻŦā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ ‘āϏā§āĻ āϏāĻžāύāĻĒāĻžāĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāĻžāύā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ⧠(āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ -ā§§ā§§-ā§Žā§¨) (ā§§ā§§)’ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāϤā§āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦ ‘(āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž) āύāĻžāĻā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻŦāϏā§, āĻāĻŽāĻ, āĻāĻŽāĻāϰāĻāĻāϏ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϰāĻāĻŋāϤ āύāĻ 47-51) (12) āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϝāĻžāϤ igāĻā§āĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ āύā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻ, āϰāĻŽā§āĻļāĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāϤā§āϤ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻā§āύ ‘āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύ āĻāĻžāϰāϤāĻŦāϰā§āώ āĻā§ āϏāĻŦā§āϝ āĻāĻž āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ, āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦ -ā§§’ (āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻāĨ¤ ā§§-19-ā§§)) (ā§§ā§Š) āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻāĻŋ āϞā§āĻāĻ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŦā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āϰāĻāĻŋāϤ ‘āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ’ (ā§§ā§Ē) āĻŦāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻļā§āϝāĻžāĻŽ āϏā§āύā§āĻĻāϰ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ, āĻāĻžāĻļā§āύāĻāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻāϰāĻŖā§ āϏāĻāĻžāϰ āϏā§āĻā§āϰā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦāĻĻāĻž āϏāĻžāĻāϰ āĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ, āĻŦāύāϰāϏ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻ āϧā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ - ‘āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāώāĻž āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻļ’ (āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ 3) -7)
(ā§§ā§Ģ) āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āϞāĻā§āώā§āĻŽā§āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻĻā§, āĻŦāĻŋ.āĻ., ‘āĻļā§āϰā§āĻā§āώā§āĻŖ āϏāύā§āĻĻā§āĻļ’-āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ (8 -⧝⧝ āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ āϞā§āĻāĻž’ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āϤā§āĻŦ ‘āĻŦāĻāϝāĻŧā§āϰ ⧍⧝ āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻžāϝāĻŧ) (ā§§)) āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻāύā§āύāĻžāĻĨ āĻĒāĻžāĻāĻāϞāĻŋ āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧ āϰāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻā§āϰāύā§āĻĨ-’ āĻāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāĻž āĻāĻĻāĻŋāĻŽ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ ‘(ā§§)) āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻžāĻŽāĻŖāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϝ, āĻāĻŽāĻ, āĻāϞāĻāϞāĻŦāĻŋ, āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻ-’ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻāĻžāϰāϤ āĻŽāĻŋāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύā§āϏ ‘(ā§§ā§Ž) āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻšāĻāĻ āϰāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻā§āϰāύā§āĻĨ-’ āĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž ‘(āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ ā§Ž āĻāĻŦāĻ ā§¯) (⧧⧝) āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāύāύā§āĻĻ āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϏāĻāĻžāϰ 29 āϤāĻŽ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§āϞāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ āϤāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ ‘āĻāϧā§āύāĻŋāĻ āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻžāϞā§āĻāύāĻž’āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāϰā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ āϤāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ⧠āĻŦāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰāĻžāĨ¤ (⧍ā§Ļ) āĻāĻāĻžāϰā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĢā§āϞā§āϞ āĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϰāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāύā§āϧ āĻĻā§āύāĻŋāĻ āύāĻŋāĻāĻ āĻĒā§āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠“āĻāĻ” ⧧⧝⧝26 āϏāĻžāϞā§āϰ ⧍⧝ āύāĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ (⧍⧧) ‘āĻĻā§āĻļ-āĻāĻā§āϤ’-āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ (āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ)āĨ¤ ⧍⧝ āĻļā§ āĻĢā§āĻŦā§āϰā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋ ⧧⧝⧍ā§Ē) (⧍⧍) āϝā§āĻā§āĻļāĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ āύāĻŋāĻāĻ āĻĒā§āĻĒāĻžāϰ ‘āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŽā§āϰ āĻŦā§āύā§āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāύ’ āĻŽā§ 1927 āϏāĻžāϞ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻāĨ¤ ā§§ā§Š6-ā§§ā§Šā§ŠāĨ¤ (ā§¨ā§Š) āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻāĻžāĻāĻž āĻāĻžāϞā§āϰā§āϞāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āύā§āϤā§āϤā§āĻŦā§ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖā§āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāύāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻŋ āύāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻŦā§ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĻŦā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻžāĻ āĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§- âāĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āϞā§āĻā§āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύ āϰāĻā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āĻŦāύāĻā§ āϏā§āϰāĻā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻļāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧠āĻŽāĻžāύā§āώā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻāĻā§ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖāϤāĻž is āϏā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏā§āϰāĻā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻžāϏāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āϏā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻāĻžāϞā§, āĻāĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āϞā§āĻā§āϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϧāĻŋāĻĒāϤā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāώāĻž āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧā§, āϝāĻāύ āĻļāĻžāϏāĻāϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϰāĻŦā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāϧāĻŋāĻĒāϤā§āϝāĻā§ āĻŽā§āύ⧠āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāϰāĻž āĻāϏā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āϞā§āĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āĻāϤā§āϝāĻā§ āĻāύāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ I āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ āĻāύāĻāĻŖāĻā§ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύ⧠āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāĻ, āϝāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāύāϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻā§ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖā§ āϰāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻāĻā§, āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻļāĻžāϏāύāĻžāĻŽāϞ⧠āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰāĻā§ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻŦāϞ⧠āĻ āĻāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰāϤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāϰāĻž āϏā§āĻŦ āϏā§āĻŦ āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻāĻŋāϞ āϝā§, “āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ” the āϏā§āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āĻ āĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāĻāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāĻ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻā§āύāĻ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āϧāϰā§āĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻā§āύāĻ āĻĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϰāĻžāĻāύā§āϤāĻŋ āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖā§āĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻšāĻžāϤ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŖāĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽ āϝ⧠āĻāĻŖāĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻŽāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āϤāĻžāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻšāĻžāϤā§āĨ¤ (āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϏā§āϤā§āϰ: āĻāϧā§āύāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ āĻā§ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāϤāĻž: - āĻāĻžāĻāĻžāϏāĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ āĻāĻžāϞā§āϞāĻāϰ, āϞā§āĻāĻ- āϰāĻŦā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āϞā§āĻāĻžāϰ, āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ ā§Ģ⧝ā§Ē-⧝⧝, āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļāύāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāĻ, āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϝā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŽāύā§āϤā§āϰāύāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻžāϰāϤ āϏāϰāĻāĻžāϰ) āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻāĻŋāϞ āϝā§, âāĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāĻ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖâāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻā§ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻāĻŽāϰāĻžāĻ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤ āϝāĻžāĻšā§āĻ; āĻāĻžāϞā§āϞāĻāϰ āύāĻŋāϰā§āϞāĻā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝ⧠āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āϤāĻĨāĻžāĻāĻĨāĻŋāϤ āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύāϤāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻāϤ! (⧍ā§Ē) āĻĒāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāύā§: - āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧ āĻā§āϰāύā§āĻĨā§āϰ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĨ¤ (25) āϰāĻžāϧāĻžāĻā§āĻŽā§āĻĻ āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāϧā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ: - āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§ āϏāĻā§āϝāϤāĻž- āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻāĨ¤ 41 āĻāĻŦāĻ 47- “āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ āĻāϰā§āϝāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāϝāĻŧ”āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦā§, āĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāϤā§āϝ āĻāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰā§āϝāĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āύāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻļ āύā§āĻ, āϤāĻŦā§ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻāϰā§āϝāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§! (⧍)) āĻĄāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋ āĻā§āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻŋ: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ āĻā§ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ āϰ āϏāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϤ-āĻā§āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻ āĻŦāϞā§āĻā§ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϏāĻŋāύā§āϧ⧠āϏāĻā§āϝāϤāĻž āϧā§āĻŦāĻāϏ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ (⧍)) āϰāĻžāĻšā§āϞ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻā§āϤāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ: āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āϞāĻāĻž (ā§¨ā§Ž) āĻāϝāĻŧāĻĻā§āĻŦ āĻĻā§āĻā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻžāĻĒ āϝā§āĻļāĻŋ (āĻāĻāĻĒāĻŋāĻāϏ), āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻāϏāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻžāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āύ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ are āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠(2001), āĻā§āĻļāĻŋ âāĻā§āĻāύāĻžāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āĻāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāύā§āϏā§āϰ āĻā§āϰā§āĻ āĻāϤā§āϏâ āύāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ āϞāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāϏāϞā§, āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻā§āϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻļāĻžāĻĻ āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻĄāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻŋāĻāĻžāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļā§āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻļāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻāĻāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖā§āĻ āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻļāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻžāĻā§ āĻā§āϤāĻā§āĻ āϝ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāĻŽāĻĒāĻā§āώ⧠āϏā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝ⧠āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§! āĻ āĻŦāĻļā§āώ⧠āϝāĻž āϰāϝāĻŧā§ āĻā§āϞ āϤāĻž āĻš’āϞ, āĻā§āĻŦāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āĻ āϏāĻā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϏāĻāϝā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώā§āĻāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϰā§āϞāĻā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āώā§āĻāĻž! āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻŦāϞ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āύā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤāĻž, āĻŽāĻžāϤāĻžāϞāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāύā§āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤ āϝā§āύāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āϰāĻŦ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āϰā§āĻ āϏāĻā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώā§āĻāĻž āĻāϰāĻā§āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāϏā§āϤāĻŦā§ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϰ āĻā§āύāĻ āϏāϤā§āϝāϤāĻž āύā§āĻ! (⧍⧝) āĻāύāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāĻĒā§ā§āĻāϰ - āĻāĻ ‘āĻāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāύ’ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āϤāĻžāĻāϰ “āύāĻŋāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ āĻā§āĻĨāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϏā§āĻā§āύ?” āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āύ, āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϏā§āϤ āĻŦāĻā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻĒāϏāĻāĻšāĻžāϰāĻāĻŋ āĻš’āϞ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāϰ⧠āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻāϏā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āώā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻāĨ¤ ⧍⧝ā§Ģ-āϤ⧠āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻā§āĻāϰ āĻā§āĻļā§āϰ āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻ āύā§āϤāϰā§āĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ āϝāĻž āĻāĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ âāĻā§āĻāύāĻžāϏā§āĻĨāĻž āĻā§āĻĨāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϏā§āĻāĻŋāϞ, āϏ⧠āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§ āĻāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻāĻ āϝā§, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻŦāϤ āϏāĻŋāύā§āϧ-āĻāĻžāĻĨā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻ-āĻā§āĻāϰāĻžāĻ ā§āϰ āĻā§āϞāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻ āϰāϤā§āύāĻāĻŋāϰāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻšā§āϞ āĻĒāĻĨ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāϏā§āĻāĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻ āĻā§āϞāĻžāĻā§āϞāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻŦāϏāϤāĻŋ āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻā§āϞāĻŋ: - āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāĻāϤ āĻĻā§āώā§āĻāĻŋāĻā§āĻŖā§āϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž āĻāϰāĻŋ, āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻāύāϏā§āĻĨ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻā§āĻāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϤāύ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āϤā§āϤ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ āĻā§āĻāĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ; āĻāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻĒ āĻā§ āϏ⧠(āĻāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ), āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ âāĻāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻā§āύâ āĻā§āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻā§ (āĻā§āĻāϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŋāϤā§) āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ; āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āĻĻā§, āĻāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻā§āĻā§āϰā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āϤāϰ⧠āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āϧā§āĻĄā§, āĻā§āĻāϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŋāϤ⧠āĻā§āĻā§āϰā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻā§āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻ ā§āĻā§āĨ¤ āϏāĻŋāύā§āϧā§āϰ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻŦāύā§āϰ āϞā§āĻā§āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāύ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāύ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§ āĻ āύā§āύāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ āϏā§āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞā§āĨ¤
āĻāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻāύāĻāĻŖ āĻāĻŽ unitedāĻā§āϝāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āϝā§āĻšā§āϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻŖā§ āϧā§āϰ⧠āϧā§āϰ⧠āĻ
āĻŦāϤā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻ āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāϧā§āϝ⧠āĻĻā§āϰā§āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻĢāϞ⧠āĻā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻāϤ āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦāĻŦāϰā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻĒāĻāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤ (āĻā§āĻāϰ āĻā§āĻļā§, āĻāϞāĻāĻžāĻāĻ) “(ā§Šā§Ļ) āĻāĻŋ āĻā§ āϰāĻžāĻāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻā§: - āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĻŦā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻŦāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤” (ā§Šā§§) āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāύāύā§āĻĻ āϏāϰāϏā§āĻŦāϤā§: - āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϰāĻ āĻŦāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝā§, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĨ¤ (ā§Šā§¨) ‘āĻā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰ⧠āĻŦāϰā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āĻĨāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§āϞāύāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āϝ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻāύ, āĻāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧠āĻāϰāĻŋ āϝ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āϝāĻĨā§āώā§āĻāĨ¤
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitpavan
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āĻĒāĻĒāĻž, āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻ, āϰāĻā§āύāĻžāĻĨāϰāĻžāĻ, āϏāĻžāĻĻāĻļā§āĻŦāϰāĻ āĻā§, āĻŽāĻžāϧāĻŦā¤°ā¤žā¤ĩ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ, āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖā¤°ā¤žā¤ĩ, āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻžāϧāĻŦā¤°ā¤žā¤ĩ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻ āύāĻžāύāĻž āĻĢāĻžāĻĻāύāĻžāĻāĻŋāϏ (1742 - 1800), āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻžāϧāĻŦā¤°ā¤žā¤ĩā§āϰ āϰāĻžāĻāĻā§āϝāĻŧ []ā§Ē] āĻĒāĻāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāϧāύ - āĻĒā§āĻļāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ
āϧā§āύ⧠āϏāĻžāĻŽāϰāĻŋāĻ āύā§āϤā§āĻŦā§āύā§āĻĻ []ā§Ģ] āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤā§āĻāĻžāϞ⧠āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻŋāύā§āύ āϰāĻžāĻāĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāĻāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāĻā§ āĻĒāĻžāύā§āϤ āύāĻžāĻā§ - āĻĒā§āĻļā§āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝā§āĻā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻž āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϰāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āϧ⧠āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻā§āώ⧠āĻā§āĻĒā§āϤāĻāϰāĻŦā§āϤā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻļāύāĻŋāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āĻāĻāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ āĻāϤā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āϞā§āĻāĻŋāϤāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻā§ (āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻšāϰāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻļāĻŽā§āĻ) (ā§§ā§Žā§¨ā§Š-⧧⧝⧍⧍) āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻ [] 68] []⧝] āύāĻžāύāĻž āϏāĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ (ā§§ā§Žā§¨ā§Ē - ā§§ā§Ž59⧝) - āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāĻā§āϝā§āϤ āĻĒā§āĻļā§āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤā§āϝāĻŧ-āĻāϰ āĻā§āĻšā§āϤ āĻāϤā§āϤāϰāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻāĻŦāĻ ā§§ā§Ž 1857 āϏāĻžāϞā§āϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻā§āĻŦ āĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻĻ āϰāĻžāύāĻžāĻĄā§ (ā§§ā§Žā§Ē⧍-⧧⧝ā§Ļā§§) āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻšā§āϰ āĻ
āύā§āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āύā§āϤāĻž - āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻ. āϰāĻžāĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāĻžāϧāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĻŖā§āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻā§āώā§āĻŖāĻļāĻžāϏā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻŋāĻĒāϞā§āĻā§āĻāĻžāϰ (ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§Ļ - ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§¨) - āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāύā§āϧ āϞā§āĻāĻ, āύā§āĻŦāĻžāύā§āϧ āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ, āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰā§āύāĻžāϞ, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ, āĻŦāĻžāϞ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϧāϰ āϤāĻŋāϞāĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāϰā§āĻļāĻĻāĻžāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻāĻŖā§āĻļ āĻāĻāϰāĻāϰ, āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž āĻŦāϏā§āĻĻā§āĻŦ āĻŦāϞāĻŦāύā§āϤ āĻĢāĻžāĻĻāĻā§ (1845 - 1883) - āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āώā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāϰāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻā§āϞāĻžāϰā§āĻ āĻĒā§āύā§āϤ⧠āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰā§āĻĻā§āϧ⧠āϏāĻļāϏā§āϤā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰā§āĻšā§āϰ āύā§āϤā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰā§āϤā§āϤ⧠āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻāĻž al āĻŦāĻžāϞ āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϧāϰ āϤāĻŋāϞāĻ (ā§§ā§Žā§Ģ 1920 - 1920) - āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāĻžāϞāĻ, āϞā§āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāϰā§āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āύā§āϤāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āĻĻāύ āϏāĻšāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļ colonāĻĒāύāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻ “āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻ
āĻļāĻžāύā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāύāĻ” āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖāĻŋāϤ (āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻāĻŖā§āĻļ āĻāĻāϰāĻāϰ (ā§§ā§Ž 1856 - āĻā§āύ ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Ģ)āĨ¤ āϏāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ āĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻā§āĻļāĻŦāϏā§āϤ (āĻā§āώā§āĻŖāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āĻļāĻŦ āĻĻāĻžāĻŽāϞā§) (ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻžāϰā§āĻ 1866 - 7 āύāĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ 1905)-āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻŋ āϧā§āύā§āĻĻā§ āĻā§āĻļāĻŦ āĻāĻžāϰāĻā§ (ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§Ž - ⧧⧝62⧍) - āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻāĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāύāύā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻ āϝā§āĻļāĻŋ (ā§§ā§Ž 18ā§Ģ - ā§§ā§Ž 1887) - āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āϞ āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŋ āĻ
āϰā§āĻāύāĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž - āĻĒā§āύāϏāĻŋāϞāĻā§āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻŽā§āĻĄāĻŋāĻā§āϞ āĻāϞā§āĻ - ā§§ā§Ž8686 āϏāĻžāϞ⧠āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻā§āώā§āĻŖ āĻā§āĻāϞ⧠(ā§§ā§Ž6666 - ⧧⧝⧧ā§Ģ) - āĻāĻāĻā§āϰā§āϏ āĻĻāϞā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĒā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻļāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āύā§āϤāĻž (ā§§ā§Ž7373-ā§§99⧝⧝), (ā§§ā§Ž79⧝-ā§§99⧝⧝) - ā§§ā§Ž Br7 āϏāĻžāϞ⧠āĻĒā§āύā§āϤ⧠āĻĒā§āϞā§āĻ āϤā§āϰāĻžāĻŖ āĻĒāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻāĻžāϰ⧠āĻšāĻžāϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻĒā§āϞā§āĻ āĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύāĻžāϰ āĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞā§āĻāĻžāϰ āϰā§āϝāĻžāύā§āĻĄāĻā§ āĻā§āύ āĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻžāĻāϰāĻž āĻāĻā§āĻāĻžāϧāϰ āύā§āϞāĻāĻŖā§āĻ āϏāĻšāϏā§āϰāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāϤ⧠, āĻāĻāĻāύ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻ, āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻāĻžāϰ āĻā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ āϏā§āϰā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻāĻŋāĻĒāύāĻŋāϏ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻŋāϏāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāϰāĻ āĻĻā§’āĻāύ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻāĻā§ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ āϏāϤā§āϝāĻā§āϰāĻšā§āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽā§āĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāϰāĻā§ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύāĨ¤ āύāϰāϏāĻŋāĻāĻš āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻžāĻŽāĻŖ āĻā§āϞāĻāĻžāϰ (1872 - 1947) - āϞā§āĻāĻ, āϏāĻžāĻāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ, āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āύā§āϤāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻžāĻāϏāϰāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻāĻā§āϏāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāĻžāĻāύā§āϏāĻŋāϞ⧠(⧧⧝⧍ā§Ē-⧍⧝) āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤ āĻāĻŖā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻāĻžāϰāĻāϰ (1879 - 1945), āĻ
āĻāĻŋāύāĻŦ āĻāĻžāϰāϤ āϏā§āϏāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž, āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύāϤāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻĻāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻāĻžāϰāĻāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāĻžāĻāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ āĻĻāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻāĻžāϰāĻāϰ, (ā§¨ā§Ž āĻŽā§ 1883 - 26 āĻĢā§āĻŦā§āϰā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ⧠1966) āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϝā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻž, āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āϤā§āĻŦ āĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύā§āϰ āϏā§āϤā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰāĻāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰ āϏāĻžāĻāĻžāϰāĻāĻžāϰ (”āϏāĻžāĻšāϏ⧔ āϏāĻžāĻāĻžāϰāĻāϰ) āύāĻžāĻŽā§ āĻāύāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āϏā§āύāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĒāϤ (12 āύāĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ 1880 - 28 āύāĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ 1967) - āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϝā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻž āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏā§āύāĻžāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻĒāĻžāϧāĻŋ āĻ
āϰā§āĻāύ āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ
āϰā§āĻĨ āĻāĻŽāĻžāύā§āĻĄāĻžāϰāĨ¤ āĻĻāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϏāĻžāĻšā§āĻŦ āĻĢāĻžāϞāĻā§- (ā§Šā§Ļ āĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϞ ā§§ā§Ž70ā§Ļ - ā§§ February āĻĢā§āĻŦā§āϰā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋ ⧧⧝ā§Ēā§Ē) āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāϞāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰ āĻļāĻŋāϞā§āĻĒā§āϰ āĻĒāĻĨāĻŋāĻā§ā§ āĻā§āώā§āĻŖāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻāϰ āĻāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϞāĻāϰ- (⧍ā§Ģ āύāĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ ā§§ā§Ž72⧍ - ⧍ August āĻāĻāϏā§āĻ 1948) āĻā§āϏāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻ āύāĻŦāĻāĻžāϞā§āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ [ā§Žā§¯] [āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻāĻĻā§āϧā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ] āĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĻŖā§ āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻāĻžāĻāĻāĻŖā§āĻĄā§ (ā§§ā§Ž60ā§Ļ - ⧧⧝3636) - āĻšāĻŋāύā§āĻĻā§āϏā§āϤāĻžāύ⧠āϧā§āϰā§āĻĒāĻĻā§ āϏāĻāĻā§āϤā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻāϏā§āϤāĻžāĻĻ [90] āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻāĻžāĻļā§āύāĻžāĻĨ āϰāĻžāĻāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻā§ (1863â1926) - orāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ [91] āĻ
āύāύā§āϤ āϞāĻā§āώā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻāĻžāύāĻšāĻžāϰ⧠(1891-1910) - āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§ āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞāĻŦā§, ⧧⧝⧧ā§Ļ āϏāĻžāϞ⧠āύāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļ āĻāĻžāϞā§āĻā§āĻāϰ, āĻāĻāĻŽāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāϏāύā§āϰ āĻšāϤā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĢāĻžāĻāϏāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻāĻŋāϞ [āĻ] āĻŦāĻŋāύā§āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻžāĻā§- (ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§¯ - ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¨), āĻāĻžāύā§āϧ⧠āύā§āϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŽā§āĻā§āϤāĻŋāϝā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻž āĻĻāϤā§āϤāĻžāϤā§āϰā§āϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻāύā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦā§āύā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧠(ā§§ā§Žā§¯6 - ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§§) ) - āĻāύā§āύāĻĄāĻŧ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻŋ āĻ āϞā§āĻāĻāĨ¤ āĻā§āĻāĻžāύāĻĒā§āĻ āĻĒā§āϰāώā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϝāĻŧā§ []⧝] āύāϰāĻšāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώā§āĻŖā§ āĻāĻĄāĻāĻŋāϞ- (ā§§ā§Ļ āĻāĻžāύā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ⧠1896 - 12 āĻāĻžāύā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ⧠1966) āĻāĻāĻā§āϰā§āϏ āύā§āϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āύā§āĻšā§āϰā§āϰ āĻŽāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻŋāϏāĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻĻāϏā§āϝ āĻāϰāĻžāĻŦāϤ⧠āĻāĻžāϰāĻā§ - (1905 - 1970), āύā§āϤāϤā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ āύāĻĨā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻĄāϏā§- (19 āĻŽā§ 1910 - 15 āύāĻā§āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ 1949) āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāĻž āĻāĻžāύā§āϧā§āϰ āĻāĻžāϤāĻ [⧝⧝] āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻāĻĒā§āϤ⧠(⧧⧝⧧⧧ - ⧧⧝⧝⧝) - āĻāĻžāύā§āϧ⧠āĻšāϤā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻš-āώāĻĄāĻŧāϝāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻāĻĄāϏ⧠(⧧⧝⧧⧝ - ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ģ) - āĻāĻžāύā§āϧ⧠āĻ āύāĻžāĻĨā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻĄāϏ⧠āĻāϰ āĻā§āĻ āĻāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧā§āϰ āĻšāϤā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻš-āώāĻĄāĻŧāϝāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ [ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ] āĻĒāĻžāύā§āĻĄā§āϰāĻ āĻļāĻžāϏā§āϤā§āϰ⧠āĻāĻāĻžāĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ (⧧⧝ā§Ļ⧍ - ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Š) āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāϰā§āĻŽā§ āĻĻāĻžāϰā§āĻļāύāĻŋāĻ, āĻāϧā§āϝāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āύā§āϤāĻž, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞāĻŦā§ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϧāϰā§āĻŽ āϏāĻāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§, āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ ⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ē āϏāĻžāϞ⧠āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ (āϏā§āĻŦāĻžāϧā§āύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ) āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāώā§āĻ āĻž āĻāϰā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āĻāĻžāĻļā§āύāĻžāĻĨ āĻāĻžāύā§āĻāĻžāϰ (ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ļ - ā§§ā§¯ā§Ž6) - āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻŽāĻā§āĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏā§āĻĒāĻžāϰāϏā§āĻāĻžāϰ āĨ¤ [āĻāĻĻā§āϧā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ] āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āϰāĻŽ āĻā§āĻāϞ⧠(āĻāύā§āĻŽ ⧧⧝ā§Ē 1947) - āĻāĻžāϰāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāϞāĻā§āĻāĻŋāϤā§āϰ, āĻā§āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻŽāĻā§āĻ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤāĻž [āĻāĻĻā§āϧā§āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻāύ] āĻŽāĻžāϧā§āϰ⧠āĻĻā§āĻā§āώāĻŋāϤ (āĻāύā§āĻŽ ⧧⧝ 1967) - āĻŦāϞāĻŋāĻāĻĄ āĻ
āĻāĻŋāύā§āϤā§āϰ⧠[ā§§ā§Ļ⧍] āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻļ āĻŽāϧā§āϏā§āĻĻāύ āĻāĻĒā§āϤ⧠- āϏā§āĻĨāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻ āύāĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻžāĻāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āĻā§āĻāϰāĻžāĻā§āϰ āϰāĻžāĻāϧāĻžāύ⧠āĻļāĻšāϰ āĻāĻžāύā§āϧāĻŋāύāĻāϰ āĻļāĻšāϰāĻāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻāϞā§āĻĒāύāĻž āĻ āύāĻāĻļāĻž āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
āϏā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§ āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻ
āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāĻ āĻāĻžāϤā§āϝāĻŧ āĻāύāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āύāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧāĻā§āϰ (āĻāύāĻĒāĻŋāĻāϰ) āĻāϰ āĻāĻāϤāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻšāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§ āϝāĻž ā§§ āĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϞ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻļā§āϰ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§, āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ ā§§.ā§Ģ% āĻ
āϏāĻšāĻŋāώā§āĻŖā§, āĻšāĻŋāĻāϏāĻžāϤā§āĻŽāĻ, āĻāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦā§āϰ āĻāĻ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āϏāύā§āϤā§āϰāĻžāϏā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§āĻ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§, āϏāϰā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϞāĻžāύā§, āĻŽāĻŦ āϞāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ, āĻĒāĻžāĻāϞ, āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧ⧠āĻŦā§āύ āĻāϏā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϞ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻāĻāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§, āϰāĻžāĻāĻĄāĻŋ / āϰāĻžāĻā§āώāϏ āϏā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āϏā§āĻŦāĻāĻĻā§āϰ (āĻāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ) āĻāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāύā§āϤ āĻ āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻĻā§āϤā§āĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏā§āϤāϰā§āϰ āĻ
ā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāĻžāĻŽ (āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻž) āĻā§āώāϤā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻŋāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϏ, āĻļā§āĻĻā§āϰ, ⧍ āϝāĻŧ, āϤā§āϤā§āϝāĻŧ, āĻāϤā§āϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻžāϰā§āϰ āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻ
āϧā§āϝā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻāϏāϏāĻŋ / āĻāϏāĻāĻŋ / āϧāϰā§āĻŽā§āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻā§āύāĻāϰāĻāĻŽāĻ āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻž āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāϤ⧠āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻĒāϰ āϏāĻāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāϰ āĻ
āϤā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻžāϰ āĻāϰāĻž āϝā§āϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰā§āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦā§ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧ āĻāĻāύāĻ āĻā§āύāĻ āĻāϤā§āĻŽāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰā§āύāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞā§āĻāĻŋāϞā§āύ āϝ⧠āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϏā§āĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻāϰ āĻāϧā§āύāĻŋāĻ āϏāĻāĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύāĻāĻŋ āϞā§āĻāĻž āĻāĻā§ āϏāĻāϞā§āĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻ
āύā§āϝ āĻā§āύ āϧāϰā§āĻŽ āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāϰā§āĻŖā§āϰ āĻ
āϏā§āϤāĻŋāϤā§āĻŦ āύā§āĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāύāĻā§ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻžāĨ¤ āύā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ āĻāϰ⧠āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻŋāϤ āĻšāύāĨ¤ āĻāĻŋāĻāĻĒāĻžāĻāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻā§ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§ āϝ⧠āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻļā§ āĻŦāĻāĻļā§āĻĻā§āĻā§āϤ āĻŦā§āύ āĻāϏā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧā§āϞ, āϏāĻžāĻāĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻŦāϤ, āĻāĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŦ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻĒ, āĻĒāĻļā§āĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻāĻžāϰā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋ, āĻāϤā§āϤāϰ āĻāĻāϰā§āĻĒ, āĻĻāĻā§āώāĻŋāĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻšāĻžāĻā§āĻā§āϰāĻŋ, āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāϤā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§ āĻāϏā§āĻāĻŋāϞ āĻāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻāύāĻ āĻāύāĻĒāĻŋāĻāϰ⧠āύāĻŋāĻŦāύā§āϧāύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦā§ āύāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āĻāϤā§āϏāĨ¤
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