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LESSON 3290 Sun 1 Mar 2020 Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING from KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT! Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice. Say YES to Paper Ballots NO to EVMs/VVPATs to save Democracy, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity for the welfare, happiness and peace for all Awakened aboriginal societies. is the VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS) Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist) All Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch)
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LESSON  3290 Sun 1 Mar 2020

Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING

from

KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL

Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice.

Say YES to Paper Ballots
NO to EVMs/VVPATs to save Democracy, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity
for the welfare, happiness and peace for all Awakened aboriginal
societies.


VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS)

Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)


All Aboriginal  Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch)

Mahāsatipaáš­áš­hāna Sutta — Attendance on awareness —47) Classical Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
Say
YES to Paper Ballots
NO to EVMs/VVPATs to save Democracy, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity
for the welfare, happiness and peace for all Awakened aboriginal
societies


The
Castes are anti-national. In the first place because they bring about
separation in social life. They are anti-national also because they
generate jealousy and antipathy between caste and caste. But we must
overcome all these difficulties if we wish to become a nation in
reality.


ā˛œā˛žā˛¤ā˛ŋ➗➺⺁ ā˛°ā˛žā˛ˇāŗā˛Ÿāŗā˛° ā˛ĩā˛ŋ➰⺋➧ā˛ŋ➗➺⺁. ā˛ŽāŗŠā˛Ļ➞ ā˛¸āŗā˛Ĩā˛žā˛¨ā˛Ļā˛˛āŗā˛˛ā˛ŋ ➅ā˛ĩ➰⺁ ā˛¸ā˛žā˛Žā˛žā˛œā˛ŋ➕ ā˛œāŗ€ā˛ĩ➍ā˛Ļā˛˛āŗā˛˛ā˛ŋ ā˛Ēāŗā˛°ā˛¤āŗā˛¯āŗ‡ā˛•ā˛¤āŗ†ā˛¯ā˛¨āŗā˛¨āŗ ā˛¤ā˛°āŗā˛¤āŗā˛¤ā˛žā˛°āŗ†. ➅ā˛ĩ➰⺁ ā˛°ā˛žā˛ˇāŗā˛Ÿāŗā˛° ā˛ĩā˛ŋ➰⺋➧ā˛ŋā˛—ā˛ŗā˛žā˛—ā˛ŋā˛Ļāŗā˛Ļā˛žā˛°āŗ† ā˛ā˛•āŗ†ā˛‚ā˛Ļ➰⺆ ➅ā˛ĩ➰⺁ ā˛œā˛žā˛¤ā˛ŋ ā˛Žā˛¤āŗā˛¤āŗ ā˛œā˛žā˛¤ā˛ŋ➗➺ ā˛¨ā˛Ąāŗā˛ĩāŗ† ➅➏⺂➝⺆ ā˛Žā˛¤āŗā˛¤āŗ ā˛Ļāŗā˛ĩ⺇➎ā˛ĩā˛¨āŗā˛¨āŗ ā˛‰ā˛‚ā˛Ÿāŗā˛Žā˛žā˛Ąāŗā˛¤āŗā˛¤ā˛žā˛°āŗ†. ➆ā˛Ļ➰⺆ ā˛¨ā˛žā˛ĩ⺁ ā˛ĩā˛žā˛¸āŗā˛¤ā˛ĩā˛Ļā˛˛āŗā˛˛ā˛ŋ ā˛°ā˛žā˛ˇāŗā˛Ÿāŗā˛°ā˛ĩā˛žā˛—ā˛˛āŗ ā˛Ŧ➝➏ā˛ŋā˛Ļ➰⺆ ➈ ā˛Žā˛˛āŗā˛˛ ā˛¤āŗŠā˛‚ā˛Ļā˛°āŗ†ā˛—ā˛ŗā˛¨āŗā˛¨āŗ ➍ā˛ŋā˛ĩā˛žā˛°ā˛ŋ➏ā˛Ŧ⺇➕⺁.

āŽšāŽžāŽ¤āŽŋāŽ•āŽŗā¯ āŽ¤ā¯‡āŽš āŽĩāŽŋāŽ°ā¯‹āŽ¤āŽŽā¯. āŽŽā¯āŽ¤āŽ˛āŽŋāŽ˛ā¯ āŽ…āŽĩāŽ°ā¯āŽ•āŽŗā¯ āŽšāŽŽā¯‚āŽ• āŽĩāŽžāŽ´ā¯āŽ•ā¯āŽ•ā¯ˆāŽ¯āŽŋāŽ˛ā¯ āŽĒāŽŋāŽ°āŽŋāŽĩāŽŋāŽŠā¯ˆāŽ¯ā¯ˆāŽ•ā¯ āŽ•ā¯ŠāŽŖā¯āŽŸā¯āŽĩāŽ°ā¯āŽ•āŽŋāŽąāŽžāŽ°ā¯āŽ•āŽŗā¯. āŽ…āŽĩāŽ°ā¯āŽ•āŽŗā¯ āŽ¤ā¯‡āŽš āŽĩāŽŋāŽ°ā¯‹āŽ¤āŽŽāŽžāŽŠāŽĩāŽ°ā¯āŽ•āŽŗā¯, āŽāŽŠā¯†āŽŠā¯āŽąāŽžāŽ˛ā¯ āŽ…āŽĩāŽ°ā¯āŽ•āŽŗā¯ āŽšāŽžāŽ¤āŽŋāŽ•ā¯āŽ•ā¯āŽŽā¯ āŽšāŽžāŽ¤āŽŋāŽ•ā¯āŽ•ā¯āŽŽā¯ āŽ‡āŽŸā¯ˆāŽ¯āŽŋāŽ˛ā¯ āŽĒā¯ŠāŽąāŽžāŽŽā¯ˆ āŽŽāŽąā¯āŽąā¯āŽŽā¯ āŽĩāŽŋāŽ°ā¯‹āŽ¤āŽĒā¯ āŽĒā¯‹āŽ•ā¯āŽ•ā¯ˆ āŽ‰āŽ°ā¯āŽĩāŽžāŽ•ā¯āŽ•ā¯āŽ•āŽŋāŽąāŽžāŽ°ā¯āŽ•āŽŗā¯. āŽ†āŽŠāŽžāŽ˛ā¯ āŽ¨āŽžāŽŽā¯ āŽ‰āŽŖā¯āŽŽā¯ˆāŽ¯āŽŋāŽ˛ā¯ āŽ’āŽ°ā¯ āŽ¤ā¯‡āŽšāŽŽāŽžāŽ• āŽŽāŽžāŽą āŽĩāŽŋāŽ°ā¯āŽŽā¯āŽĒāŽŋāŽŠāŽžāŽ˛ā¯ āŽ‡āŽ¨ā¯āŽ¤ āŽ•āŽˇā¯āŽŸāŽ™ā¯āŽ•āŽŗā¯ āŽ…āŽŠā¯ˆāŽ¤ā¯āŽ¤ā¯ˆāŽ¯ā¯āŽŽā¯ āŽšāŽŽāŽžāŽŗāŽŋāŽ•ā¯āŽ• āŽĩā¯‡āŽŖā¯āŽŸā¯āŽŽā¯.

ذاØĒ ŲžØ§ØĒ Ų…Ų„ÚŠ Ø¯Ø´Ų…Ų† ہیÚē۔ ŲžÛŲ„ÛŒ ØŦگہ Ų…ÛŒÚē ÚŠÛŒŲˆŲ†ÚŠÛ ŲˆÛ Ų…ØšØ§Ø´ØąØĒی Ø˛Ų†Ø¯Ú¯ÛŒ Ų…ÛŒÚē ØšŲ„یحدگی Ų„Ø§ØĒے ہیÚē۔ ŲˆÛ Ų…Ų„ÚŠ Ø¯Ø´Ų…Ų† بڞی ہیÚē ÚŠÛŒŲˆŲ†ÚŠÛ ŲˆÛ ذاØĒ ŲžØ§ØĒ Ø§ŲˆØą ذاØĒ ŲžØ§ØĒ ÚŠÛ’ Ų…Ø§Ø¨ÛŒŲ† Ø­ØŗØ¯ Ø§ŲˆØą ØšŲ†Ø§Ø¯ ŲžÛŒØ¯Ø§ ÚŠØąØĒے ہیÚē۔ Ų„ÛŒÚŠŲ† Ø§Ú¯Øą ÛŲ… Ø­Ų‚ÛŒŲ‚ØĒ Ų…ÛŒÚē Ø§ÛŒÚŠ Ų‚ŲˆŲ… Ø¨Ų†Ų†Ø§ چاہØĒے ہیÚē ØĒ؈ ÛŲ…ÛŒÚē Ø§Ų† ØĒŲ…Ø§Ų… Ų…Ø´ÚŠŲ„Ø§ØĒ ŲžØą Ų‚Ø§Ø¨Ųˆ ŲžØ§Ų†Ø§ ÛŲˆÚ¯Ø§Û”

āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰāĻž āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ⧀āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϤ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§āϛ⧇āĻĻ āφāύāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ⧀ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ jeāĻ°ā§āώāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧāĻŋāϤāĻž āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻšāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϟāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āωāĻ āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

āǜāĒžāǤāĒŋāĒ“ āǰāĒžāǎāĢāǟāĢāǰāĒĩāĒŋāǰāĢ‹āǧāĢ€ āĒ›ā̇. āĒĒāĢāǰāĒĨāĒŽ āǏāĢāĒĨāĒžāǍā̇ āĒ•āĒžāǰāĒŖ āĒ•ā̇ āǤā̇āĒ“ āǏāĒžāĒŽāĒžāǜāĒŋāĒ• āǜāĢ€āĒĩāǍāĒŽāĒžāĒ‚ āĒ…āǞāĒ—āǤāĒž āǞāĒžāĒĩā̇ āĒ›ā̇. āǤā̇āĒ“ āǰāĒžāǎāĢāǟāĢāǰāĒĩāĒŋāǰāĢ‹āǧāĢ€ āĒĒāĒŖ āĒ›ā̇ āĒ•āĒžāǰāĒŖ āĒ•ā̇ āǤā̇āĒ“ āǜāĒžāǤāĒŋ āĒ…āǍā̇ āǜāĒžāǤāĒŋ āĒĩāǚāĢāǚā̇ āLjāǰāĢāǎāĢāǝāĒž āĒ…āǍā̇ āĒĩāĒŋāǰāĢ‹āǧāĢ€ āĒĩā̇āĒĻāǍāĒž āljāǤāĢāĒĒāǍāĢāǍ āĒ•āǰā̇ āĒ›ā̇. āĒĒāǰāĒ‚āǤā́ āǜāĢ‹ ādžāĒĒāĒŖā̇ āĒĩāĒžāǏāĢāǤāĒĩāĒŋāĒ•āǤāĒžāĒŽāĒžāĒ‚ āǰāĒžāǎāĢāǟāĢāǰ āĒŦāǍāĒĩāĒžāǍāĢ€ āLJāǚāĢāĒ›āĒž āǰāĒžāĒ–āĢ€āĒ āǤāĢ‹ ādžāĒĒāĒŖā̇ ādž āĒŦāǧāĢ€ āĒŽā́āĒļāĢāĒ•ā̇āǞāĢ€āĒ“ āĒĻāĢ‚āǰ āĒ•āǰāĒĩāĢ€ āǜāĢ‹āLjāĒ.

ā¤œā¤žā¤¤ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤žā¤‚ ā¤°ā¤žā¤ˇāĨā¤ŸāĨā¤°-ā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤰āĨ‹ā¤§āĨ€ ā¤šāĨˆā¤‚āĨ¤ ā¤Ēā¤šā¤˛āĨ€ ā¤œā¤—ā¤š ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ⤕āĨā¤¯āĨ‹ā¤‚⤕ā¤ŋ ā¤ĩāĨ‡ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤Žā¤žā¤œā¤ŋ⤕ ⤜āĨ€ā¤ĩ⤍ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤…ā¤˛ā¤—ā¤žā¤ĩ ā¤˛ā¤žā¤¤āĨ‡ ā¤šāĨˆā¤‚āĨ¤ ā¤ĩāĨ‡ ā¤°ā¤žā¤ˇāĨā¤ŸāĨā¤°-ā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤰āĨ‹ā¤§āĨ€ ⤭āĨ€ ā¤šāĨˆā¤‚ ⤕āĨā¤¯āĨ‹ā¤‚⤕ā¤ŋ ā¤ĩāĨ‡ ā¤œā¤žā¤¤ā¤ŋ ⤔⤰ ā¤œā¤žā¤¤ā¤ŋ ⤕āĨ‡ ā¤ŦāĨ€ā¤š ⤈⤰āĨā¤ˇāĨā¤¯ā¤ž ⤔⤰ ā¤ĻāĨā¤ĩāĨ‡ā¤ˇ ⤉⤤āĨā¤Ē⤍āĨā¤¨ ⤕⤰⤤āĨ‡ ā¤šāĨˆā¤‚āĨ¤ ⤞āĨ‡ā¤•ā¤ŋ⤍ ā¤šā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ⤇⤍ ⤏⤭āĨ€ ⤕⤠ā¤ŋā¤¨ā¤žā¤‡ā¤¯āĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ĻāĨ‚⤰ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤šā¤žā¤šā¤ŋā¤ ⤅⤗⤰ ā¤šā¤Ž ā¤ĩā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤ā¤ĩ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤ā¤• ā¤°ā¤žā¤ˇāĨā¤ŸāĨā¤° ā¤Ŧā¤¨ā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤šā¤žā¤šā¤¤āĨ‡ ā¤šāĨˆā¤‚āĨ¤

ā´œā´žā´¤ā´ŋā´•āĩž ā´Ļāĩ‡ā´ļā´ĩā´ŋā´°āĩā´Ļāĩā´§ā´°ā´žā´Ŗāĩ. ā´†ā´Ļāĩā´¯ā´‚ ā´…ā´ĩāĩŧ ā´¸ā´žā´Žāĩ‚ā´šā´ŋā´• ⴜāĩ€ā´ĩā´ŋⴤⴤāĩā´¤ā´ŋāĩŊ ā´ĩāĩ‡āĩŧā´Ēā´ŋā´°ā´ŋā´¯āĩŊ ā´ĩā´°āĩā´¤āĩā´¤āĩā´¨āĩā´¨āĩ. ā´œā´žā´¤ā´ŋā´¯āĩā´‚ ā´œā´žā´¤ā´ŋā´¯āĩā´‚ ā´¤ā´Žāĩā´Žā´ŋāĩŊ ā´…ā´¸āĩ‚ⴝⴝāĩā´‚ ā´ĩā´ŋā´°āĩ‹ā´§ā´ĩāĩā´‚ ā´¸āĩƒā´ˇāĩā´Ÿā´ŋā´•āĩā´•āĩā´¨āĩā´¨ā´¤ā´ŋā´¨ā´žāĩŊ ā´…ā´ĩāĩŧ ā´Ļāĩ‡ā´ļā´ĩā´ŋā´°āĩā´Ļāĩā´§ā´°ā´žā´Ŗāĩ. ā´Žā´¨āĩā´¨ā´žāĩŊ ā´ĩā´žā´¸āĩā´¤ā´ĩā´¤āĩā´¤ā´ŋāĩŊ ā´’ā´°āĩ ā´°ā´žā´ˇāĩā´Ÿāĩā´°ā´Žā´žā´¯ā´ŋ ā´Žā´žā´ąā´Ŗā´Žāĩ†ā´™āĩā´•ā´ŋāĩŊ ⴈ ā´Ēāĩā´°ā´¤ā´ŋⴏⴍāĩā´§ā´ŋā´•ā´ŗāĩ†ā´˛āĩā´˛ā´žā´‚ ā´¨ā´žā´‚ ā´Žā´ąā´ŋā´•ā´Ÿā´•āĩā´•ā´Ŗā´‚.

ā¤œā¤žā¤¤āĨ€ ā¤ĻāĨ‡ā¤ļā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤰āĨ‹ā¤§āĨ€ ā¤†ā¤šāĨ‡ā¤¤. ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤Ĩā¤Ž ā¤•ā¤žā¤°ā¤Ŗ ⤤āĨ‡ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤Žā¤žā¤œā¤ŋ⤕ ⤜āĨ€ā¤ĩā¤¨ā¤žā¤¤ ā¤ĩāĨ‡ā¤—⤺āĨ‡ā¤Ēā¤Ŗā¤ž ā¤†ā¤Ŗā¤¤ā¤žā¤¤. ⤤āĨ‡ ā¤ĻāĨ‡ā¤ļā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤰āĨ‹ā¤§āĨ€ ā¤†ā¤šāĨ‡ā¤¤ ā¤•ā¤žā¤°ā¤Ŗ ⤤āĨ‡ ā¤œā¤žā¤¤āĨ€-ā¤œā¤žā¤¤āĨ€ā¤‚ā¤Žā¤§āĨā¤¯āĨ‡ ā¤Žā¤¤āĨā¤¸ā¤° ⤆⤪ā¤ŋ ā¤ĩāĨˆā¤Žā¤¨ā¤¸āĨā¤¯ ⤉⤤āĨā¤Ē⤍āĨā¤¨ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤žā¤¤. ā¤Ē⤪ ā¤ĩā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤ā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤕⤤āĨ‡ā¤¤ ā¤ā¤• ā¤°ā¤žā¤ˇāĨā¤ŸāĨā¤° ā¤ĩāĨā¤šā¤žā¤¯ā¤šā¤‚ ⤅⤏āĨ‡ā¤˛ ⤤⤰ ⤆ā¤Ē⤪ ā¤¯ā¤ž ⤏⤰āĨā¤ĩ ā¤…ā¤Ąā¤šā¤ŖāĨ€ā¤‚ā¤ĩ⤰ ā¤Žā¤žā¤¤ ⤕āĨ‡ā¤˛āĨ€ ā¤Ēā¤žā¤šā¤ŋ⤜āĨ‡.


ā¤œā¤žā¤¤ā¤œā¤žā¤¤ā¤ŋā¤šā¤°āĨ ā¤ĻāĨ‡ā¤ļ ā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤰āĨ‹ā¤§āĨ€ ⤛⤍āĨāĨ¤ ā¤Ēā¤šā¤ŋ⤞āĨ‹ ⤏āĨā¤Ĩā¤žā¤¨ā¤Žā¤ž ⤕ā¤ŋ⤍⤕ā¤ŋ ⤤ā¤ŋ⤍āĨ€ā¤šā¤°āĨ‚ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤Žā¤žā¤œā¤ŋ⤕ ⤜āĨ€ā¤ĩā¤¨ā¤Žā¤ž ⤅⤞⤗ ⤞āĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤‰ā¤ā¤›ā¤¨āĨāĨ¤ ⤤ā¤ŋ⤍āĨ€ā¤šā¤°āĨ‚ ā¤°ā¤žā¤ˇāĨā¤ŸāĨā¤° ā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤰āĨ‹ā¤§āĨ€ ā¤Ē⤍ā¤ŋ ⤛⤍āĨ ⤕ā¤ŋ⤍⤕ā¤ŋ ⤝⤏⤞āĨ‡ ā¤œā¤žā¤¤ā¤ŋ ⤰ ā¤œā¤žā¤¤ā¤•āĨ‹ ā¤Ŧā¤ŋ⤚ ⤈⤰āĨā¤ˇāĨā¤¯ā¤ž ⤰ ā¤ā¤¨āĨā¤Ÿā¤ŋā¤ĒāĨ‡ā¤ŸāĨ€ ⤉⤤āĨā¤Ē⤍āĨā¤¨ ⤗⤰āĨā¤Ļ⤛āĨ¤ ⤤⤰ ⤝ā¤Ļā¤ŋ ā¤šā¤žā¤ŽāĨ€ ā¤ĩā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤ā¤ĩā¤Žā¤ž ā¤ā¤• ā¤°ā¤žā¤ˇāĨā¤ŸāĨā¤° ā¤Ŧ⤍āĨā¤¨ ā¤šā¤žā¤šā¤¨āĨā¤›āĨŒā¤‚ ⤭⤍āĨ‡ ā¤šā¤žā¤ŽāĨ€ā¤˛āĨ‡ ⤝āĨ€ ⤏ā¤ŦāĨˆ ⤕⤠ā¤ŋā¤¨ā¤žā¤‡ā¤šā¤°āĨ‚⤕āĨ‹ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤Žā¤¨ā¤ž ⤗⤰āĨā¤¨āĨā¤Ē⤰āĨā¤¨āĨ‡ā¤›āĨ¤
ā¨œā¨žā¨¤āŠ€ā¨†ā¨‚ ā¨ĻāŠ‡ā¨¸ā¨ŧ ā¨ĩā¨ŋā¨°āŠ‹ā¨§āŠ€ ā¨šā¨¨āĨ¤ ā¨Ēā¨šā¨ŋā¨˛āŠ€ ā¨œā¨—āŠā¨šā¨ž ā¨ĩā¨ŋāŠąā¨š ⍕ā¨ŋ⍉⍂⍕ā¨ŋ ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨¸ā¨Žā¨žā¨œā¨• ā¨œāŠ€ā¨ĩ⍍ ā¨ĩā¨ŋāŠąā¨š ā¨ĩā¨ŋā¨›āŠ‹āŠœāŠ‡ ⍞ā¨ŋ⍆⍉⍂ā¨ĻāŠ‡ ā¨šā¨¨. ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨ĻāŠ‡ā¨¸ā¨ŧ-ā¨ĩā¨ŋā¨°āŠ‹ā¨§āŠ€ ā¨ĩāŠ€ ā¨šā¨¨ ⍕ā¨ŋ⍉⍂⍕ā¨ŋ ā¨‰ā¨š ā¨œā¨žā¨¤āŠ€ ā¨…ā¨¤āŠ‡ ā¨œā¨žā¨¤āŠ€ ā¨ĩā¨ŋ⍚ ā¨ˆā¨°ā¨–ā¨ž ā¨…ā¨¤āŠ‡ ā¨ĩāŠˆā¨°-ā¨­ā¨žā¨ĩ ā¨ĒāŠˆā¨Ļā¨ž ⍕⍰ā¨ĻāŠ‡ ā¨šā¨¨āĨ¤ ā¨Ē⍰ ā¨œāŠ‡ ā¨¸ā¨žā¨¨āŠ‚āŠ° ā¨šā¨•āŠ€ā¨•ā¨¤ ā¨ĩā¨ŋ⍚ ⍇⍕ ā¨°ā¨žā¨¸ā¨ŧ⍟⍰ ā¨Ŧā¨Ŗā¨¨ā¨ž ā¨šāŠˆ ā¨¤ā¨žā¨‚ ā¨¸ā¨žā¨¨āŠ‚āŠ° ā¨‡ā¨¨āŠā¨šā¨žā¨‚ ā¨¸ā¨žā¨°āŠ€ā¨†ā¨‚ ā¨ŽāŠā¨¸ā¨ŧā¨•ā¨˛ā¨žā¨‚ ā¨¨āŠ‚āŠ° ā¨ĻāŠ‚ā¨° ā¨•ā¨°ā¨¨ā¨ž ā¨Ēā¨ĩāŠ‡ā¨—ā¨ž.


Ų‚Ų„ØšŲˆ Ų‚ŲˆŲ…ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲ† ØŦÚŗÚž Ûž Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ø§ÚžŲŠ ØŗŲ…Ø§ØŦ؊ Ø˛Ų†Ø¯Ú¯ŲŠ Ûž ØšŲ„Ø­Ø¯Ú¯ŲŠØĄ بابØĒ ØĸÚģŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ ØĸÚžŲ†. Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ų‚ŲˆŲ…ŲŠ Ų…ØŽØ§Ų„ŲØĒ ŲžÚģ ØĸŲ‡Ų† ڇاÚĒØ§Úģ ØĒŲ‡ ذاØĒ ذاØĒ ÛŊ ذاØĒ ØŦ؊ ŲˆÚ† Ûž Ø­ØŗØ¯ ÛŊ Ø§ŲžŲˆØ˛ŲŠØ´Ų† ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ ÚĒŲ† Ųŋا. ŲžØą ØŦ؊ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ø­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚ØĒ Ûž Ų‡ÚĒ Ų‚ŲˆŲ… Ø¨Ų†ØŦÚģ Ú†Ø§Ų‡ŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØŗÚ€Ų†ŲŠ Ų…Ø´ÚĒŲ„Ø§ØĒŲ† ØĒ؊ ØēØ§Ų„Ø¨ Ųŋ؊Úģ Ú¯Ų‡ØąØŦ؊.

ā°•āąā°˛ā°žā°˛āą ā°Ļāą‡ā°ļ ā°ĩāąā°¯ā°¤ā°ŋā°°āą‡ā°•āąā°˛āą. ā°ŽāąŠā°ĻⰟā°ŋ ā°¸āąā°Ĩā°žā°¨ā°‚ā°˛āą‹ ā°ĩā°žā°°āą ā°¸ā°žā°Žā°žā°œā°ŋā°• ā°œāą€ā°ĩā°ŋā°¤ā°‚ā°˛āą‹ ā°ĩāą‡ā°°āąā°Ēā°žā°Ÿāą ā°¤āą†ā°¸āąā°¤ā°žā°°āą. ā°ĩā°žā°°āą ā°Ļāą‡ā°ļ ā°ĩāąā°¯ā°¤ā°ŋā°°āą‡ā°•āąā°˛āą ā°•āą‚ā°Ąā°ž ā°Žā°‚ā°Ļāąā°•ā°‚ā°Ÿāą‡ ā°ĩā°žā°°āą ā°•āąā°˛ā°‚ ā°Žā°°ā°ŋā°¯āą ā°•āąā°˛ā°žā°˛ ā°Žā°§āąā°¯ ā°…ā°¸āą‚ā°¯ ā°Žā°°ā°ŋā°¯āą ā°ĩāąā°¯ā°¤ā°ŋā°°āą‡ā°•ā°¤ā°¨āą ā°¸āąƒā°ˇāąā°Ÿā°ŋā°¸āąā°¤ā°žā°°āą. ā°ĩā°žā°¸āąā°¤ā°ĩā°žā°¨ā°ŋā°•ā°ŋ ā°Žā°¨ā°‚ ā°’ā°• ā°Ļāą‡ā°ļā°‚ā°—ā°ž ā°Žā°žā°°ā°žā°˛ā°¨āąā°•āąā°‚ā°Ÿāą‡ Ⰸ ā°•ā°ˇāąā°Ÿā°žā°˛ā°¨āąā°¨ā°ŋā°‚ā°Ÿā°ŋā°¨āą€ ā°…ā°§ā°ŋā°—ā°Žā°ŋā°‚ā°šā°žā°˛ā°ŋ.


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āŽ•ā¯āŽŸāŽŋāŽ¯ā¯āŽ°āŽŋāŽŽā¯ˆ āŽ¤āŽŋāŽ°ā¯āŽ¤ā¯āŽ¤ āŽšāŽŸā¯āŽŸāŽ¤ā¯āŽ¤ā¯ˆ āŽŽā¯āŽąāŽŋāŽ¯āŽŸāŽŋāŽ•ā¯āŽ•
āŽ‡āŽŠā¯āŽˇāŽž āŽ…āŽ˛ā¯āŽ˛āŽžāŽšā¯
āŽ…āŽŠā¯ˆāŽĩāŽ°ā¯āŽŽā¯ āŽ‡āŽĩāŽ°ā¯ āŽšā¯ŠāŽ˛ā¯āŽĩāŽ¤ā¯ˆ āŽ•āŽŖā¯āŽŸāŽŋāŽĒā¯āŽĒāŽžāŽ• āŽŽā¯āŽ¯āŽąā¯āŽšāŽŋ āŽšā¯†āŽ¯ā¯āŽĩā¯‹āŽŽā¯

To Break Citizenship Amendment law
Insha Allah
Everyone will definitely try what he says



Also
petition to

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for the welfare, happiness and peace for all Awakened aboriginal
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47) Classical Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,

Mahāsatipaáš­áš­hāna Sutta - AðsÃŗkn að vitund - með bestu líflegu BÃēdda mynd, sÃļng, dansi í klassískri íslensku klassískri íslensku

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqD1-Xi1ioA
Mahasatipatthana Sutta

(9. jÃŗgi
843 ÃĄskrifendur
SÃļngur frÃĄ Mahāsatipaáš­áš­hāna Sutta,
Flokkur
IðnaðarfÊlag og aðgerðasinni
Leyfi
Creative Commons Attribution leyfi (endurnotkun leyfð)
HeimildarmyndbÃļnd
Skoða eigindir
Mahāsatipaáš­áš­hāna Sutta - Viðvera meðvitundar — í, 29) Klassísk enska, rÃŗmversk,

Þessi sÃētta er víða talin grundvallaratriði til að hugleiða.
Kynning

I. Athugun ÃĄ Kya
A. Hluti um ānāpāna
B. Kafli um líkamsstÃļðu
C. Kafli um sampajaÃąÃąa
D. Kafli um frÃĄhrindandi ÃĄstÃĻður
E. Kafli um ÞÃĻtti
F. Kafli um níu skottulÃļg

II. Athugun ÃĄ Vedanā

III. Athugun Citta

IV. Athugun Dhammas
A. Hluti um NÄĢvaraṇas
B. Kafli um Khandhas
C. Kafli um skynsvið
D. Hluti um Bojjhaṅgas
E. Kafli um sannleikann
E1. SÃŊning ÃĄ Dukkhasacca
E2. SÃŊning Samudayasacca
E3. SÃŊning Nirodhasacca
E4. SÃŊning Maggasacca

Kynning

Þannig hef Êg heyrt:
Eitt sinn gisti Bhagavā meðal Kurus í Kammāsadhamma, markaðsbÃĻ Kurus. Þar ÃĄvarpaði hann bhikkhÃēsið:
- Bhikkhus.– Bhaddante svaraði bhikkhÃēsinu. Bhagavā sagði:
- Þetta, bhikkhus, er leiðin sem leiðir til annars en hreinsunar
veranna, vinna bug ÃĄ sorg og harma, hvarf dukkha-domanassa, nÃĄ rÊttu
leiðinni, ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ Nibbāna, Það er að segja fjÃŗrir satipaáš­áš­hānas.


Hvaða fjÃļgur? HÊr bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og fylgist með kāya í kāya,
ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, eftir að hafa gefið upp abhijjhā-domanassa
gagnvart heiminum. Hann bÃŊr og fylgist með vedanā í vedanā, ātāpÄĢ
sampajāno, satimā, eftir að hafa gefist upp abhijjhā-domanassa gagnvart
heiminum. Hann dvelur og fylgist með sítrÃŗnu í sítrÃŗnu, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno,
satimā, eftir að hafa gefið upp abhijjhā-domanassa gagnvart heiminum.
Hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dhamma’s í dhamma’s, ttāpÄĢ sampajāno,
satimā, eftir að hafa gefið upp abhijjhā-domanassa gagnvart heiminum.

I. Kāyānupassanā

A. Hluti um ānāpāna


Og hvernig, bhikkhus, bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með kya í kāya? HÊr,
bhikkhus, bhikkhu, að hafa farið í skÃŗginn eða farið ÃĄ rÃŗt trÊsins eða
farið í tÃŗmt herbergi, sest niður að leggja fÃĻturna Þversum, setja kāya
upprÊttan og setja sati parimukhaᚃ. Með Því að vera svona sato andar
hann inn, að vera svona sato andar hann Ãēt. Andað er lengi að hann
skilur: „Ég anda lengi“; andar Ãēt lengi skilur hann: ‘Ég anda lengi Ãēt’;
andar í stuttu mÃĄli hann skilur: ‘Ég anda stutt’; andar Ãēt stutt hann
skilur: „Ég anda stutt Ãēt“; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: „finnur fyrir Ãļllu
kāya, Êg mun anda að sÊr“; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: „finn fyrir Ãļllu
kāya, Êg mun anda Ãēt“; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: „rÃŗa kāya-saṅkhāras, Êg
mun anda að mÊr“; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: „rÃŗa kÃĄya-saṅkhāras, Êg mun
anda Ãēt“.

RÊtt eins og bhikkhus, kunnÃĄttusamur snÃēningsmaður eða
lÃĻrlingur snÃēningsmanna, sem gerir langa beygju, skilur: „Ég er að snÃēa
langri beygju“; beygir sig stutt, hann skilur: „Ég er að gera stuttan
beygju“; ÃĄ sama hÃĄtt, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, andar lengi inn, skilur: ‘Ég
anda lengi inn’; andar Ãēt lengi skilur hann: ‘Ég anda lengi Ãēt’; andar í
stuttu mÃĄli hann skilur: ‘Ég anda stutt’; andar Ãēt stutt hann skilur:
„Ég anda stutt Ãēt“; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: „finnur fyrir Ãļllu kāya,
Êg mun anda að sÊr“; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: „finnur fyrir Ãļllu kāya,
Êg mun anda Ãēt“; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: „rÃŗa kāya-saṅkhāras, Êg mun
anda að mÊr“; hann ÞjÃĄlfar sjÃĄlfan sig: „rÃŗa kÃĄya-saṅkhāras, Êg mun anda
Ãēt“.

Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya í kāya innvortis,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kāya í kāya utan, eða hann dvelur
við að fylgjast með kya í kāya innan og utan; hann dvelur með Því að
fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa
framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og
líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati
er til staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati,
hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í heiminum. Þannig
bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya í kāya.

B. Kafli um líkamsstÃļðu


Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, skilur: „Ég er að labba“, meðan hann
gengur, eða meðan hann stendur: „Ég stend“, eða meðan hann situr, ÃžÃĄ
skilur hann: „Ég sit“ eða Þegar hann liggur, ÃžÃĄ skilur hann: „ Ég ligg
niður ‘. Eða annars, í hvaða stÃļðu sem kya er rÃĄÃ°stafað, skilur hann Það
í samrÃĻmi við Það.

Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya í kāya
innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kāya í kāya utan, eða
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya í kāya innan og utan; hann dvelur
með Því að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann dvelur við
að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með
samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er
kya!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu
paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í heiminum.
Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya í kāya.

C. Kafli um sampajaÃąÃąa


Ennfremur bhikkhus, bhikkhu, meðan hann nÃĄlgast og meðan hann leggur af
stað, hegðar hann sÊr með sampajaÃąÃąa, meðan hann horfir fram ÃĄ veginn
og meðan hann horfir í kringum sig, ÃžÃĄ virkar hann með sampajaÃąÃąa, meðan
hann beygir sig og meðan hann teygir sig, ÃžÃĄ virkar hann með
sampajaÃąÃąa, meðan hann klÃĻðist skikkjunum og efri skikkju og meðan hann
ber skÃĄlina, hegðar hann sÊr með sampajaÃąa, meðan hann borðar, meðan
hann drekkur, meðan hann tyggir, meðan hann smakkar, ÃžÃĄ virkar hann með
sampajaÃąÃąa, meðan hann sinnir viðskiptum við að saurga og Þvagleggja,
hann virkar með sampajaÃąÃąa, meðan hann gengur, meðan hann stendur, meðan
hann situr , meðan hann sefur, meðan hann er vakandi, meðan hann talar
og Þagnar, ÃžÃĄ hegðar hann sÊr með sampajaÃąÃąa.

Þannig dvelur hann
að fylgjast með kya í kāya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast
með kāya í kāya utan, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya í kāya
innan og utan; hann dvelur með Því að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í
kāya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann
dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað,
[að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því
marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki
við neitt í heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með
kya í kāya.

D. Kafli um frÃĄvísun

Ennfremur, bhikkhus,
bhikkhu telur Þetta mjÃļg líkama, frÃĄ iljum upp og frÃĄ hÃĄri ÃĄ hÃļfði og
niður, sem er afmarkað af hÃēð Þess og fullur af ÃŊmis konar Ãŗhreinindum:
„Í Þessari kāya eru hÃĄrin í hÃļfði, hÃĄr í líkamanum, neglur, tennur, hÃēð,
hold, sinar, bein, beinmerg, nÃŊru, hjarta, lifur, brjÃŗsthimnu, milta,
lungu, ÞÃļrmum, mesentery, maga með innihaldi Þess, saur, gall, legi ,
grÃļftur, blÃŗÃ°, sviti, fita, tÃĄr, fita, munnvatn, slím í nefi, liðvÃļkvi
og Þvagi. “

RÊtt eins og, bhikkhus, ÃžÃĄ var poki með tveimur opum
og fyllt með ÃŊmis konar korni, svo sem hillu, hviðum, mung baunum,
kÃēabaunum, sesamfrÃĻjum og rauð hrísgrjÃŗnum. Maður með gott sjÃŗn, með Því
að losa Það, myndi íhuga [innihald Þess]: “Þetta er fjallagrind, Þetta
er svín, Þetta eru mung baunir, Þetta eru kÃērar, Þetta eru sesamfrÃĻ og
Þetta er rauð hrísgrjÃŗn;” ÃĄ sama hÃĄtt, bhikkhus, bhikkhu telur Þennan
líkama, frÃĄ iljum upp og frÃĄ hÃĄri ÃĄ hÃļfði og niður, sem er afmarkaður af
skinni hans og fullur af ÃŊmis konar Ãŗhreinindum: „Í Þessari kāya, Þar
eru hÃĄr ÃĄ hÃļfði, hÃĄr í líkamanum, neglur, tennur, hÃēð, hold, sinar,
bein, beinmerg, nÃŊru, hjarta, lifur, brjÃŗsthol, milta, lungu, ÞÃļrmum,
mesentery, magi með innihaldi Þess, saur, gall, slím, grÃļftur, blÃŗÃ°,
sviti, fita, tÃĄr, fita, munnvatn, slím nef, vÃļðva í Þvag og Þvag. “


Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya í kāya innvortis, eða hann
dvelur við að fylgjast með kāya í kāya utan, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með kya í kāya innan og utan; hann dvelur með Því að fylgjast
með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ
fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og líða
fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til
staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann
bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus,
bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya í kāya.

E. Kafli um ÞÃĻtti


Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu endurspeglar Þessa mjÃļg kāya, hvernig sem
hÃēn er sett, ÃžÃŗ er henni fargað sem samanstendur af ÃžÃĄttum: “Í Þessari
kāya er jÃļrðin, vatnsÃžÃĄtturinn, eldurinn og loftÃžÃĄtturinn.”

RÊtt
eins og bhikkhus, kunnÃĄtta slÃĄtrari eða slÃĄtrari lÃĻrlingur, eftir að
hafa drepið kÃē, myndi sitja ÃĄ tímamÃŗtum og skera hana í sundur; ÃĄ sama
hÃĄtt, bhikkhus, endurspeglar bhikkhu Þessa mjÃļg kāya, hvernig sem Því er
komið fyrir, hvernig sem Það er rÃĄÃ°stafað: “Í Þessu kāya er jÃļrðin,
vatnið, eldurinn og loftÃžÃĄtturinn.”

Þannig dvelur hann að
fylgjast með kya í kāya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með
kāya í kāya utan, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya í kāya innan
og utan; hann dvelur með Því að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya,
eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur
við að fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að
ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því
marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki
við neitt í heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya
í kāya.

F. Kafli um níu skottulÃļg

(1)
Ennfremur,
bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lík, varpað í skothríð,
einn dag lÃĄtinn, eða tvo daga dauða eða ÞrjÃĄ daga dauða, bÃŗlginn,
blÃĄleitan og hÃĄtíðandi, telur hann Þetta mjÃļg kāya: ” Þessi kāya er líka
Þess eðlis, hÃēn mun verða svona og er ekki laus við slíkt ÃĄstand. “


Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya í kāya innvortis, eða hann
dvelur við að fylgjast með kāya í kāya utan, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með kya í kāya innan og utan; hann dvelur með Því að fylgjast
með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ
fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og líða
fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til
staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann
bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus,
bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya í kāya.

(2)
Ennfremur,
bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann vÃĻri að sjÃĄ lík, varpað í skarð í
jÃļrðu, etið af krÃĄum, borðað af haukum, borðað af gÃļflum, borðað af
herons, borðað af hundum, verið etið af hundum borðað af tígrisdÃŊrum,
borðað af panterum, borðað af ÃŊmsum tegundum veru, hann telur Þetta mjÃļg
kāya: „Þessi kāya er líka Þess eðlis, hÃēn mun verða svona og er ekki
laus við slíkt ÃĄstand. “

Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya í
kāya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kāya í kāya utan,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya í kāya innan og utan; hann
dvelur með Því að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann
dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig
ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara
ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í
heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya í kāya.

(3)
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lík, kastað
niður í hnÃļttÃŗttan jÃļrð, skífuna með holdi og blÃŗÃ°i, haldið saman af
sinum, telur hann Þetta mjÃļg kya: „Þessi kya er líka af slíku
nÃĄttÃērunnar, Það ÃĄ eftir að verða svona og er ekki laust við slíkt
ÃĄstand. “

Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya í kāya
innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kāya í kāya utan, eða
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya í kāya innan og utan; hann dvelur
með Því að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann dvelur við
að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með
samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er
kya!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu
paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í heiminum.
Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya í kāya.

(4)
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lík, kastað í
charnel jÃļrð, squeleton ÃĄn holds og smurt með blÃŗÃ°i, haldið saman af
sinum, telur hann Þetta mjÃļg kya: “Þessi kya er líka af svona eðli, Það ÃĄ
eftir að verða svona og er ekki laust við slíkt ÃĄstand. “

Þannig
dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya í kāya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við
að fylgjast með kāya í kāya utan, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með
kya í kāya innan og utan; hann dvelur með Því að fylgjast með samudaya
fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya;
eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar í honum,
bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og
festist ekki við neitt í heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og
fylgist með kya í kāya.

(5)
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu,
rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lík, varpað í charnel jÃļrð, squeleton ÃĄn
holds nÊ blÃŗÃ°, haldið saman af sinum, telur hann Þetta mjÃļg kya: “Þessi
kya er líka af slíku nÃĄttÃērunnar, Það ÃĄ eftir að verða svona og er ekki
laust við slíkt ÃĄstand. “

Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya í
kāya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kāya í kāya utan,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya í kāya innan og utan; hann
dvelur með Því að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann
dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig
ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara
ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í
heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya í kāya.

(6)
Ennfremur bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann vÃĻri að sjÃĄ lík, steypa
burtu í hnÃļttÃŗtt jÃļrð, Ãŗtengd bein dreifð hÊr og Þar, hÊr handbein, Þar
fÃŗtabein, hÊr Ãļkklabein, Þar skinnbein , hÊr lÃĻri bein, Þar mjÃļðm bein,
hÊr rif, Þar aftur bein, hÊr hrygg bein, Þar hÃĄls bein, hÊr kjÃĄlka bein,
Þar tann bein, eða Þar hÃļfuðkÃēpa, hann telur Þetta mjÃļg kāya : “Þessi
kāya er líka Þess eðlis, hÃēn mun verða svona og er ekki laus við slíkt
ÃĄstand.”

Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya í kāya innvortis,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kāya í kāya utan, eða hann dvelur
við að fylgjast með kya í kāya innan og utan; hann dvelur með Því að
fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann dvelur við að horfa
framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og
líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati
er til staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati,
hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í heiminum. Þannig
bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya í kāya.

(7)

Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lík, kastað í
charnel jÃļrð, beinin hvítu eins og skel, hann telur Þetta mjÃļg kāya:
“Þessi kya er líka Þess eðlis, Það er að fara að verða svona, og er ekki
laus við slíkt ÃĄstand. “

Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya í
kāya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kāya í kāya utan,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya í kāya innan og utan; hann
dvelur með Því að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann
dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig
ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara
ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í
heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya í kāya.

(8)
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lík, kastað í
hnÃļttur jÃļrð, hrÃēgað upp bein yfir ÃĄrsgamalli, hann telur Þetta mjÃļg
kāya: “Þessi kya er líka Þess eðlis, Það er að fara að verða svona, og
er ekki laus við slíkt ÃĄstand. “

Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast
með kya í kāya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kāya í
kāya utan, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya í kāya innan og utan;
hann dvelur með Því að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann
dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig
ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara
ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í
heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya í kāya.

(9
Ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, rÊtt eins og hann sÊ að sjÃĄ lík, kastað í
charnel jÃļrð, rotin bein minnkuð í duft, hann telur Þetta mjÃļg kāya:
“Þessi kāya er líka Þess eðlis, Það er að fara að orðið svona og er ekki
laus við slíkt ÃĄstand. “

Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með kya í
kāya innvortis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kāya í kāya utan,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með kya í kāya innan og utan; hann
dvelur með Því að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í kāya, eða hann
dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í kya, eða hann dvelur við að
fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í kya; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig
ÃĄ:] “Þetta er kya!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara
ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í
heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með kya í kāya.

II. Athugun ÃĄ Vedanā

Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með vedanā í vedanā?


HÊr undirstrikar bhikkhus, bhikkhu, upplifir sukha vedanā: „Ég er að
upplifa sukha vedanā“; upplifa dukkha vedanā, undirstrikar: „Ég er að
upplifa dukkha vedanā“; upplifa adukkham-asukhā vedanā, undirstrikar:
„Ég er að upplifa adukkham-asukhā vedanā“; upplifa sukha vedanā sāmisa,
undirstrikar: „Ég er að upplifa sukha vedanā sāmisa“; upplifa sukha
vedanā nirāmisa, undirstrikar: „Ég er að upplifa sukha vedanā nirāmisa“;
upplifa dukkha vedanā sāmisa, undirstrikar: „Ég er að upplifa dukkha
vedanā sāmisa“; upplifa dukkha vedanā nirāmisa, undirstrikar: „Ég er að
upplifa dukkha vedanā nirāmisa“; upplifa adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa,
undirstrikar: „Ég er að upplifa adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa“; upplifa
adukkham-asukhā vedanā nirāmisa, undirstrikar: „Ég er að upplifa
adukkham-asukhā vedanā nirāmisa“.

Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast
með vedanā í vedanā innvortis, eða hann dvelur að fylgjast með vedanā í
vedanā utanhÃēss, eða hann dvelur að fylgjast með vedanā í vedanā
innvortis og utan; hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya fyrirbÃĻra í
vedanā, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í vedanā, eða
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í vedanā; eða
annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er vedanā!” sati er til staðar í honum,
bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og
festist ekki við neitt í heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og
fylgist með vedanā í vedanā.

III. Athugun Citta

Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með sítrÃŗnu í citta?


HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu skilur citta með rāga sem “citta with rāga”, eða
hann skilur citta ÃĄn rāga sem “citta without rāga”, eða hann skilur
citta með dosa sem “citta with dosa”, eða hann skilur citta ÃĄn dosa sem
„citta ÃĄn dosa“, eða hann skilur citta með moha sem „citta with moha“,
eða hann skilur citta ÃĄn moha sem „citta without moha“, eða hann skilur
safnað citta sem „safnað citta“, eða hann skilur dreifða sítrÃŗna sem
„dreifð sítrÃŗna“, eða hann skilur Ãētvíkkaða sítrÃŗnu sem „stÃĻkkaða
sítrÃŗnu“, eða hann skilur ÃŗÃētvíkkaða sítrÃŗnu sem â€žÃŗÃētvíkkaða sítrÃŗnu“,
eða hann skilur framÃērskarandi sítrÃŗnu sem „framÃērskarandi sítrÃŗnu“, eða
hann skilur Ãŗviðjafnanlegri sítrÃŗnu sem â€žÃŗrjÃēfanlegri sítrÃŗnu“, eða
hann skilur byggða sítrÃŗnu sem „byggða sítrÃŗnu“, eða hann skilur ÃŗrÃŗaða
sítrÃŗnu sem â€žÃŗuppbyggða sítrÃŗnu“, eða hann skilur frelsaða sítrÃŗnu sem
„frelsaða sítrÃŗnu“, eða hann skilur ÃŗblÃļnduð sítrÃŗnu sem â€žÃŗlíberaða
sítrÃŗnu“.

Þannig dvelur hann að fylgjast með sítrÃŗnu innvortis,
eða dvelur og fylgjast með sítrÃŗnu Ãētvortis, eða bÃŊr hann og fylgjast
með sítrÃŗnu innan og utan; hann dvelur með Því að fylgjast með samudaya
fyrirbÃĻri í citta, eða hann dvelur við að horfa ÃĄ brott fyrirbÃĻri í
citta, eða hann dvelur að fylgjast með samudaya og hverfur fyrirbÃĻri í
citta; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta er citta!” sati er til staðar í
honum, bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr
aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu
dvelur og fylgist með sítrÃŗnu í sítrÃŗnu.

IV. Athugun Dhammas

A. Hluti um NÄĢvaraṇas


Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas
í dhammas? HÊr bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með dhammas í
dhammas með vísan til fimm nÄĢvaraṇas. Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig
bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas í dhammas með vísan til fimm
nÄĢvaraṇas?

HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, Þar sem Það er kāmacchanda til
staðar innan, skilur: „Það er kāmacchanda innra með mÊr“; Þar sem Það
er ekki kāmacchanda til staðar, skilur hann: „Það er enginn kāmacchanda
innra með mÊr“; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn kāmacchanda kemur til;
hann skilur hvernig upp er komin kāmacchanda; og hann skilur hvernig
yfirgefin kāmacchanda kemur ekki upp í framtíðinni.

HÊr,
bhikkhus, bhikkhu, Þar sem Það er byāpāda sem er til staðar innan,
skilur: „Það er byāpāda innra með mÊr“; Þar sem hann er ekki staddur
innan, ÃžÃĄ skilur hann: „Það er enginn byāpāda innra með mÊr“; hann
skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn byāpāda kemur til; hann skilur hvernig
uppkomin byāpāda er yfirgefin; og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin byāpāda
kemur ekki upp í framtíðinni.

HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, Þar sem Það
er thÄĢnamiddhā sem er til staðar innan, skilur: “Það er thÄĢnamiddhā
innra með mÊr”; Þar sem hann er ekki til staðar í honum, skilur hann:
„Það er enginn thÄĢnamiddhā innra með mÊr“; hann skilur hvernig
Ãŗuppkominn thÄĢnamiddhā kemur til; hann skilur hvernig upp er kominn
thÄĢnamiddhā; og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin ThÄĢnamiddhā kemur ekki upp
í framtíðinni.

Hann skilur mana, hann skilur dhammas, hann
skilur saᚃyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara tveggja, hann skilur hvernig
ÃŗupplÃŊst saᚃyojana kemur til, hann skilur hvernig upprisna saᚃyojana er
yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin saᚃyojana kemur ekki upp í
framtíðinni.

Þannig dvelur hann við að fylgjast með dammas í
dammas innbyrðis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas
ytra, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas innra og
Ãētvortis; hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya af fyrirbÃĻrum í
dammas, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í dhammas, eða
hann bÃŊr við að fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í dhammas; eða
annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta eru dammar!” sati er til staðar í honum,
bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og
festist ekki við neitt í heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og
fylgist með dhammas í dhammas, með vísan til sex innri og ytri yatana.

D. Hluti um Bojjhaṅgas


Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og fylgist með dhammas í dhammas
með tilvísun til sjÃļ bojjhaṅgas. Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig bÃŊr
bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas í dhammas með tilvísun til sjÃļ
bojjhaṅgas?

HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, Þar sem Það er sati
sambojjhaṅga sem er til staðar innan, skilur: „Þar er sati sambojjhaṅga
innra með mÊr“; Þar sem hann er ekki sati sambojjhaṅga til staðar,
skilur hann: „Það er enginn sati sambojjhaṅga innra með mÊr“; hann
skilur hvernig Ãŗuppleystur sati sambojjhaṅga kemur til; hann skilur
hvernig hið uppkomna sati sambojjhaṅga er ÞrÃŗað til fullkomnunar.


Þar sem dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga er til staðar, skilur hann: „Þar er
dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga innra með mÊr“; Þar sem hann er ekki inni í
dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga, skilur hann: „Það er enginn dhammavicaya
sambojjhaṅga innra með mÊr“; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppleyst dhammavicaya
sambojjhaṅga kemur til; hann skilur hvernig myndaðist dhammavicaya
sambojjhaṅga til fullkomnunar.

Þar sem vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga er til
staðar, skilur hann: „Þar er vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga innra með mÊr“; Þar
sem ekki er vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga til staðar innan, skilur hann: „Það er
enginn vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga innra með mÊr“; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppleyst
vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga kemur til; hann skilur hvernig hið myndaða vÄĢriya
sambojjhaṅga er ÞrÃŗað til fullkomnunar.

Þar sem píti sambojjhaṅga
er til staðar, skilur hann: „Þar er píti sambojjhaṅga innra með mÊr“;
Þar sem hann er ekki píti sambojjhaṅga til staðar, skilur hann: „Það er
enginn píti sambojjhaṅga innra með mÊr“; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppleyst
pÄĢti sambojjhaṅga kemur til; hann skilur hvernig hið uppkomna pÄĢti
sambojjhaṅga er ÞrÃŗað til fullkomnunar.

Þar sem passaddhi
sambojjhaṅga er til staðar, skilur hann: „Þar er passaddhi sambojjhaṅga
innra með mÊr“; Þar sem hann er ekki passaddhi sambojjhaṅga til staðar,
skilur hann: „Það er enginn passaddhi sambojjhaṅga innra með mÊr“; hann
skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn passaddhi sambojjhaṅga kemur til; hann skilur
hvernig hið uppkomna passaddhi sambojjha isga er ÞrÃŗað til fullkomnunar.


Þar sem samādhi sambojjhaṅga er til staðar, skilur hann: „Þar er
samādhi sambojjhaṅga innra með mÊr“; Þar sem hann er ekki samādhi
sambojjhaṅga til staðar, skilur hann: „Það er enginn samādhi
sambojjhaṅga innra með mÊr“; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn samādhi
sambojjhaṅga kemur til; hann skilur hvernig uppkominn samādhi
sambojjhaṅga er ÞrÃŗaður til fullkomnunar.

Þar sem upekkhā
sambojjhaṅga er til staðar, skilur hann: „Þar er upekkhā sambojjhaṅga
innra með mÊr“; Þar sem hann er ekki uppekkhā sambojjhaṅga til staðar,
skilur hann: „Það er enginn upekkhā sambojjhaṅga innra með mÊr“; hann
skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn upekkhā sambojjhaṅga kemur til; hann skilur
hvernig hið uppkomna upekkhā sambojjhaṅga er ÞrÃŗað til fullkomnunar.


Þannig dvelur hann við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas innbyrðis, eða
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas ytra, eða hann dvelur
við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas innra og Ãētvortis; hann dvelur við
að fylgjast með samudaya af fyrirbÃĻrum í dammas, eða hann dvelur við að
horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í dhammas, eða hann bÃŊr við að fylgjast með
samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í dhammas; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta
eru dammar!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og
hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í
heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með dhammas í
dhammas, með vísan til sjÃļ bojjhaṅgas.

HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu,
Þar sem Það er uddhacca-kukkucca til staðar innan, skilur: „Það er
uddhacca-kukkucca innra með mÊr“; Þar sem hann er ekki uddhacca-kukkucca
til staðar, skilur hann: „Það er engin uddhacca-kukkucca innra með
mÊr“; hann skilur hvernig Ãŗuppleyst uddhacca-kukkucca kemur upp; hann
skilur hvernig upp er komin uddhacca-kukkucca; og hann skilur hvernig
yfirgefin uddhacca-kukkucca kemur ekki upp í framtíðinni.

HÊr,
bhikkhus, bhikkhu, Þar sem að vera vicikicchā til staðar innan, skilur:
“Það er vicikicchā innra með mÊr”; Þar sem hann er ekki vicikicchā til
staðar, skilur hann: „Það er enginn vicikicchā innra með mÊr“; hann
skilur hvernig Ãŗuppkominn vicikicchā kemur til; hann skilur hvernig upp
er kominn vicikicchā; og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefinn vicikicchā kemur
ekki upp í framtíðinni.

Þannig dvelur hann við að fylgjast með
dammas í dammas innbyrðis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas í
dammas ytra, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas innra
og Ãētvortis; hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya af fyrirbÃĻrum í
dammas, eða hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í dhammas, eða
hann bÃŊr við að fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í dhammas; eða
annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta eru dammar!” sati er til staðar í honum,
bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og
festist ekki við neitt í heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og
fylgist með dhammas í dhammas, með vísan til fimm nÄĢvaraṇas.

B. Kafli um Khandhas


Og ennfremur bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með dhammas í dhammas
með tilvísun til fimm khandhasanna. Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig bÃŊr
bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas í dhammas með vísan til fimm
handhanda?

HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu [greinir]: “slíkt er rÅĢpa,
slíkt er samudaya rÅĢpa, slíkt er að líða frÃĄ rÅĢpa; slíkt er vedanā,
slíkt er samudaya af vedanā, slíkt er að líða hjÃĄ Vedanā; slíkt er er
saÃąÃąÄ, slíkt er samudaya af saÃąÃąÄ, slíkt er að líða frÃĄ saÃąÃąÄ; slíkt er
saṅkhāra, svo er samudaya af saṅkhāra, slíkt er að líða frÃĄ saṅkhāra;
slíkt er viÃąÃąÄáš‡a, slíkt er samudaya af saÃąkāra, slíkt er brottfÃļr
viÃąÃąÄáš‡a “.

Þannig dvelur hann við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas
innbyrðis, eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas ytra,
eða hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas innra og Ãētvortis;
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með samudaya af fyrirbÃĻrum í dammas, eða
hann dvelur við að horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í dhammas, eða hann bÃŊr við
að fylgjast með samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í dhammas; eða annað, [að
ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta eru dammar!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því
marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki
við neitt í heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og fylgist með
dhammas í dhammas, með tilvísun til fimm khandhasanna.

C. Kafli um skynsvið


Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með dhammas í dhammas
með vísan til sex innri og ytri yatana. Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig
bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas í dhammas með vísan til sex
innri og ytri yatana?

HÊr, bhikkhus, bhikkhu skilur cakkhu, hann
skilur rÅĢpa, hann skilur saᚃyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara tveggja,
hann skilur hvernig ÃŗupplÃŊst saᚃyojana kemur til, hann skilur hvernig
upprisna saᚃyojana er yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin
saᚃyojana kemur ekki fram í framtíðinni.

Hann skilur sota, hann
skilur sadda, hann skilur saᚃyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara tveggja,
hann skilur hvernig ÃŗupplÃŊst saᚃyojana kemur til, hann skilur hvernig
upprisna saᚃyojana er yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin
saᚃyojana kemur ekki upp í framtíðinni.

Hann skilur ghana, hann
skilur gandha, hann skilur saᚃyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara tveggja,
hann skilur hvernig ÃŗupplÃŊst saᚃyojana kemur til, hann skilur hvernig
uppkomin saᚃyojana er yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin
saᚃyojana kemur ekki upp í framtíðinni.

Hann skilur jivha, hann
skilur rasa, hann skilur saᚃyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara tveggja,
hann skilur hvernig ÃŗupplÃŊst saᚃyojana kemur til, hann skilur hvernig
upprisna saᚃyojana er yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin
saᚃyojana kemur ekki upp í framtíðinni.

Hann skilur kāya, hann
skilur phoáš­áš­habba, hann skilur saᚃyojana sem myndast vegna Þessara
tveggja, hann skilur hvernig ÃŗupplÃŊst saᚃyojana kemur til, hann skilur
hvernig uppkomin saᚃyojana er yfirgefin og hann skilur hvernig yfirgefin
saᚃyojana kemur ekki upp í framtíðinni.



E. Kafli um sannleikann


Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr og fylgist með dhammas í dhammas
með tilvísun til aríakakanna fjÃļgurra. Og ennfremur, bhikkhus, hvernig
bÃŊr bhikkhu við að fylgjast með dhammas í dhammas með vísan til
aríakakanna fjÃļgurra?

E1. SÃŊning ÃĄ Dukkhasacca

Og hvað,
bhikkhus, er dukkha ariyasacca? Jāti er dukkha, Ãļldrun er dukkha
(veikindi er dukkha) maraṇa er dukkha, sorg, harmakvein, dukkha,
domanassa og neyð er dukkha, tenging við Það sem er ekki mislíkað er
dukkha, aðgreining frÃĄ Því sem líkað er er dukkha, ekki að fÃĄ Það sem
manni langar í er dukkha; í stuttu mÃĄli, fimm upādāna ¡ k ¡ khandhas eru
dukkha.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er jati? Fyrir hinar ÃŊmsu verur í
hinum ÃŊmsu flokkum veranna, jāti, fÃĻðingunni, uppruna [inn í legið], sem
myndast [í heiminum], Ãētlitið, birtingarmynd khandhasanna, Ãļflun
yatana. Þetta, bhikkhus, er kallað jāti.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er
jarā? Fyrir hinar ÃŊmsu verur í hinum ÃŊmsu tegundum veranna, jarā,
ÃĄstandi Þess að rotna, að hafa brotið [tennur], að hafa grÃĄtt hÃĄr, að
vera hrukkÃŗtt, hnignun orku, rotnun indriyana: Þetta, bhikkhus, er
kallað jarā.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er maraṇa? Fyrir hinar ÃŊmsu verur
í hinum ÃŊmsu tegundum veranna, frÃĄfallið, Því ÃĄstandi að fÃĻrast [Ãēr
tilverunni], uppbrotið, hvarfið, andlÃĄtið, maraṇa, Það að líða undir
lok, brjÃŗta upp khandhaa, leggja um líkið: Þetta, bhikkhus, er kallað
maraṇa.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er sorgin? Í einni er bhikkhus, tengt
ÃŊmiss konar ÃŗgÃĻfu, snert af ÃŊmiss konar dukkha dhammas, sorrrow,
sorginni, ÃĄstands sorginni, innri sorginni, innri mikilli sorg: Þetta,
bhikkhus, er kallað sorg.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er harmakvein? Í
einni er bhikkhus, tengt ÃŊmiss konar ÃŗgÃĻfu, snert af ÃŊmiss konar dukkha
dhammas, grÃĄtunum, harmakveðjunum, grÃĄtnum, grÃĄti, grÃĄtaÃĄstandi, ÃĄstandi
grÃĄtandi: Þetta, bhikkhus, er kallað harmakvein.

Og hvað,
bhikkhus, er dukkha? Hvað sem Því líður, bhikkhus, líkamlega dukkha,
líkamleg ÃŗÃžÃĻgindi, dukkha sem myndast við líkamlega snertingu, ÃŗÃžÃĻgilegt
vedayitas: Þetta, bhikkhus, kallast dukkha.

Og hvað, bhikkhus,
er domanassa? Hvað sem Því líður, bhikkhus, andleg dukkha, andleg
ÃŗÃžÃĻgindi, dukkha myndast af andlegri snertingu, ÃŗÃžÃĻgileg vedayitas:
Þetta, bhikkhus, kallast domanassa.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er
ÃļrvÃĻnting? Í einni er bhikkhus, tengt ÃŊmiss konar ÃŗgÃĻfu, snert af ÃŊmiss
konar dukkha dhammas, vandrÃĻðum, ÃļrvÃĻntingu, ÃĄstandi Þess að vera í
vandrÃĻðum, ÃĄstand Þess að vera í ÃļrvÃĻntingu: Þetta, bhikkhus, er kallað
ÃļrvÃĻnting.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er dukkha Þess að vera tengdur Því
sem er ÃŗsÃĄtt? HÊr er um form, hljÃŗÃ°, smekk, lykt, líkamsfyrirbÃĻri og
andlegt fyrirbÃĻri að rÃĻða sem eru ÃŗÃžÃĻgilegar, ekki ÃĄnÃĻgjulegar,
ÃŗÃžÃĻgilegar eða annars Þeir sem ÞrÃĄ manni Ãŗkost, Þeir sem ÞrÃĄ manni tap,
Þeir sem ÞrÃĄ ÃŗÃžÃĻgindi manns, Þessir sem ÞrÃĄ að ekki frelsi manns frÃĄ
festingu, fundi, vera tengd, vera saman, hitta Þau: Þetta, bhikkhus, er
kallað dukkha að vera tengdur Því sem er ÃŗsÃĄtt.

Og hvað,
bhikkhus, er dukkha að vera aðgreindur frÃĄ Því sem er sÃĄtt? HÊr er um
form, hljÃŗÃ°, smekk, lykt, líkamsfyrirbÃĻri og andlegt fyrirbÃĻri að rÃĻða
sem eru ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, skemmtileg, notaleg eða annað sem Þeir sem vilja hafa
hag manns, Þeir sem vilja hag manns, Þeir sem ÞrÃĄ ÞÃĻgindi, Þeir sem ÞrÃĄ
að frelsun manns frÃĄ viðhengi, ekki hittast, ekki vera tengd, ekki vera
saman, ekki lenda í Þeim: Þetta, bhikkhus, er kallað dukkha að vera
aðgreindur frÃĄ Því sem er sÃĄtt.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er dukkha að
fÃĄ ekki Það sem maður vill? Í verum, bhikkhus, sem hefur Það einkenni að
fÃĻðast, vaknar slík Ãŗsk: “Ãŗ, í raun, getur Það ekki verið jatí fyrir
okkur, og í raun og veru, komum við ekki til jāti.” En Þessu er ekki nÃĄÃ°
með Því að Ãŗska. Þetta er dukkha Þess að fÃĄ ekki Það sem maður vill.


Í verum, bhikkhus, sem hefur Það einkenni að eldast, vaknar slík Ãŗsk:
“Ãŗ í raun, mega ekki vera jarā fyrir okkur, og í raun og veru, komum við
ekki til jarā.” En Þessu er ekki nÃĄÃ° með Því að Ãŗska. Þetta er dukkha
Þess að fÃĄ ekki Það sem maður vill.

Í verum, bhikkhus, sem hefur
Það einkenni að veikjast, vaknar slík Ãŗsk: “Ãŗ, í raun, getur verið að
Það sÊ ekki veikindi fyrir okkur, og í raun, getum við ekki lent í
veikindum.” En Þessu er ekki nÃĄÃ° með Því að Ãŗska. Þetta er dukkha Þess
að fÃĄ ekki Það sem maður vill.

Í verum, bhikkhus, sem hefur Það
einkenni að eldast, vaknar slík Ãŗsk: “Ãŗ raunverulega, mÃĄ ekki vera
maraṇa fyrir okkur, og í raun og veru, komum við ekki til maraṇa.” En
Þessu er ekki nÃĄÃ° með Því að Ãŗska. Þetta er dukkha Þess að fÃĄ ekki Það
sem maður vill.

Í verum, bhikkhus, sem hefur einkenni sorgar,
harmakveðju, dukkha, domanassa og vanlíðan, kemur slík Ãŗsk fram: â€žÃŗ, í
raun, mega ekki vera sorg, harmakvein, dukkha, domanassa og neyð fyrir
okkur og í raun megum við ekki vera komið til sorgar, harma, dukkha,
domanassa og vanlíðunar. “ En Þessu er ekki nÃĄÃ° með Því að Ãŗska. Þetta
er dukkha Þess að fÃĄ ekki Það sem maður vill.

Og hvað, bhikkhus,
eru í stuttu mÃĄli fimm upādānakkhandhas? Þau eru: rÅĢpa upādānakkhandha,
vedanā upādānakkhandha, saÃąÃąÄ upādānakkhandha, saṅkhāra upādānakkhandha,
viÃąÃąÄáš‡a upādānakkhandha. Þetta er kallað í stuttu mÃĄli, bhikkhus, fimm
upādānakkhandhas.

Þetta er kallað, bhikkhus, dukkha ariyasacca

E2. SÃŊning Samudayasacca


Og hvað, bhikkhus, er dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Það er Þessi taṇhā
sem leiðir til endurfÃĻðingar, tengdur lÃļngun og ÃĄnÃĻgju, finnur gleði hÊr
eða Þar, Það er að segja: kāma-taṇhā, bhava-taṇhā og vibhava-taṇhā. En
Þetta taṇhā, bhikkhus, Þegar Það kemur upp, hvar kemur Það upp og Þegar
Það setur sig upp, hvar setur Það sig? Í Því í heiminum sem virðist
skemmtilega og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Það er Þar sem taṇhā kemur upp, Þegar Það
kemur upp, Þar sem Það sest upp.

Og hvað í heiminum er
skemmtilegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt? Augað í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt,
Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það
sest. Eyrað í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það
kemur upp, kemur upp, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Nefið í
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Tungan í heiminum er notaleg
og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taṇhā, Þegar hÃēn kemur upp, kemur upp, Þar Þegar hÃēn
setst upp, sest hÃēn upp. Kāya í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar
taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest
Það upp. Mana í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar
Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest.


SÃŊnileg form í heiminum eru notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það
kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp. HljÃŗÃ° í
heiminum eru notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Lykt í heiminum er notaleg
og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, Það sest. Bragðast í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar
taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest.
Líkamleg fyrirbÃĻri í heiminum eru notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taṇhā, Þegar
Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Dhammas í
heiminum eru notalegir og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegir, Þar taṇhā, Þegar hann kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, sest Það upp.

Auga-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Ear-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Nef-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í heiminum er notalegt
og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Tungan-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í heiminum er notaleg og
ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taṇhā, Þegar hÃēn kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar hÃēn setst
upp, sest hÃēn upp. Kāya-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt,
Þar taṇhā, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það
upp. Mana-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā,
Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp.


Auga-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar
Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Ear-samphassa
í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Nef-samphassa í heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Tunga-samphassa í heiminum er notaleg og
ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst
upp, Það sest. Kāya-samphassa í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar
taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest
Það upp. Mana-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar
taṇhā, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp.


Vedanā fÃĻddur Ãēr auga-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur,
Þar taṇhā, Þegar hann kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp,
sest Það upp. Vedanā fÃĻddur Ãēr eyra-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar hann kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar hann
setst upp, sest Það upp. Vedanā fÃĻddur af nef-samphassa í heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar hann kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar hann setst upp, sest Það upp. Vedanā fÃĻddur Ãēr tungu-samphassa í
heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar hann kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, sest Það upp. Vedanā fÃĻddur af
kāya-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar
upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, sest Það upp. Vedanā
fÃĻddur af mana-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar
taṇhā, Þegar hann kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, sest Það
upp.

SaÃąÃąÄ ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum myndum í heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst
upp, Það sest. SaÃąÃąÄ hljÃŗÃ°anna í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt,
Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ
sest Það upp. SaÃąÃąÄ lykt í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar
taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest.
SaÃąÃąÄ smekkur í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar
hann kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp.
SaÃąÃąÄ af líkamlegum fyrirbÃĻrum í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar
taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það byggist, ÃžÃĄ sest Það
upp. SaÃąÃąÄ Dhammas í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā,
Þegar hann rís, kemur upp, Þar Þegar hann setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp.


Ætlunin [tengd] sÃŊnilegum myndum í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg,
Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest
Það upp. Ætlunin [tengd] hljÃŗÃ°um í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar
taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það byggist, ÃžÃĄ sest Það
upp. Ætlunin [tengd] lykt í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar
taṇhā, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það
upp. Ætlunin [tengd] smekk í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar
taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest
Það upp. Ætlunin [tengd] líkamsfyrirbÃĻri í heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
byggist, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Ætlunin [tengd] dhammas í heiminum er notaleg
og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, sest Það upp.

Taṇhā fyrir sÃŊnileg form í heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Taṇhā fyrir hljÃŗÃ° í heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Taṇhā fyrir lykt í heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp. Taṇhā fyrir smekk í heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Taṇhā fyrir líkamsfyrirbÃĻri í
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það byggist, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Taṇhā fyrir dhammas í
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp.

Vitakka sÃŊnilegra
mynda í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur
upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, sest Það upp. Vitakka hljÃŗÃ°anna í
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp,
myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Vitakka lyktar í heiminum er
notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar
Þegar Það setst upp, Það sest. Vitakka smekkur í heiminum er notalegur
og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, Það sest. Vitakka líkamsfyrirbÃĻra í heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
byggist, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Vitakka dhammas í heiminum er notalegur og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp.

RÃĄÃ°stefna sÃŊnilegra mynda í heiminum
er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar taṇhā, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar
Það setst upp, sest Það upp. The vicāra af hljÃŗÃ°um í heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taāhā, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar
uppgjÃļr, Það sest. Aðstoðarmaður lyktar í heiminum er notalegur og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst
upp, sest Það upp. AðstÃĻður bragðsins í heiminum eru notalegar og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegar, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það
setst upp, ÃžÃĄ sest Það upp. Aðstoð líkamlegra fyrirbÃĻra í heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar upp kemur, myndast, Þar Þegar
Það setst upp, sest Það upp. DvalasembÃĻttið í heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það kemur upp, myndast, Þar Þegar Það setst
upp, sest Það upp. Þetta er kallað, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ samudaya
ariyasacca.

E3. SÃŊning Nirodhasacca

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er
dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Það er Þessi taṇhā sem leiðir til
endurfÃĻðingar, tengdur lÃļngun og ÃĄnÃĻgju, finnur gleði hÊr eða Þar, Það
er að segja: kāma-taṇhā, bhava-taṇhā og vibhava-taṇhā. En Þetta taṇhā,
bhikkhus, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, hvar er Það yfirgefið og hvenÃĻr hÃĻtt,
hvar hÃĻttir Það? Í Því í heiminum sem virðist skemmtilega og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt,
Það er Þar sem taṇhā er yfirgefið, Þegar Það er hÃĻtt, Þegar Það hÃĻttir.


Og hvað í heiminum er skemmtilegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt? Augað í heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það
yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Eyrað í heiminum er
notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið,
Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Nefið í heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar
Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Tungan í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg,
Þar taṇhā, Þegar hÃēn er yfirgefin, hÃēn yfirgefin, Þar Þegar hÃēn hÃĻttir,
hÃēn hÃĻttir. Kāya í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
Mana í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Það er yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.


SÃŊnileg form í heiminum eru notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar
Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. HljÃŗÃ°
í heiminum eru notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Lykt í heiminum er notaleg
og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar
Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Smakk í heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar
Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Líkamleg fyrirbÃĻri í heiminum eru notaleg
og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar
Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Dhammas í heiminum eru notalegir og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegir, Þar er Taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar
Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.

Auga-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það
hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Ear-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt,
Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir,
Það hÃĻttir. Nef-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er
taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.
Tungan-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar
hÃēn er yfirgefin, Þar sem hÃēn er hÃĻtt, hÃēn hÃĻttir. Kāya-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Mana-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a í
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það.


Eye-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
Ear-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það er yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það
hÃĻttir. Nef-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er
taṇhā, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
Tungusamphassa í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
Kāya-samphassa í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar
Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Mana-samphassa í
heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.


Vedanā fÃĻddur Ãēr auga-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur,
Þar er taṇhā, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ
hÃĻttir Það. Vedanā fÃĻddur Ãēr ear-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það
hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Vedanā fÃĻddur af nef-samphassa í heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið,
yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Vedanā fÃĻddur Ãēr
tungu-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir
Það. Vedanā fÃĻddur af kāya-samphassa í heiminum er notalegur og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það
hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Vedanā fÃĻddur af mana-samphassa í heiminum er
notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar
Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það.

SaÃąÃąÄ af sÃŊnilegum gerðum í
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. SaÃąÃąÄ
hljÃŗÃ°anna í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það
er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. SaÃąÃąÄ lykt í
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. The saÃąÃąÄ
smekk í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Það er yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. SaÃąÃąÄ
líkamlegra fyrirbÃĻra í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
SaÃąÃąÄ Dhammas í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það.


Ætlunin [tengd] sÃŊnilegum myndum í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg,
Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.
Ætlunin [tengd] hljÃŗÃ°um í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er
taṇhā, Þegar yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir.
Ætlunin [tengd] lykt í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taṇhā,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Ætlunin [tengd]
smekk í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Ætlunin
[tengd] líkamlegum fyrirbÃĻrum í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er
taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ
hÃĻttir Það. Ætlunin [tengd] dhammas í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg,
Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.


Taṇhā fyrir sÃŊnileg form í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar sem
taṇhā er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Taṇhā fyrir hljÃŗÃ° í
heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Taṇhā fyrir lykt
í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar sem taṇhā er yfirgefið, Þar
sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Taṇhā fyrir smekk í heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar sem taṇhā er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það
hÃĻttir. Taṇhā fyrir líkamsfyrirbÃĻri í heiminum er notalegt og
ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.
Taṇhā fyrir dhammas í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar sem taṇhā
er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.

Vitakka sÃŊnilegra
mynda í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Vitakka
hljÃŗÃ°anna í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það
er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Vitakka
lyktar í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Vitakka smekkur í
heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. Vitakka
líkamsfyrirbÃĻra í heiminum er notalegt og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegt, Þar er taṇhā,
Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Vitakka dhammas
í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir.

RÃĄÃ°stefna sÃŊnilegra
mynda í heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það hÃĻttir. The vicāra af
hljÃŗÃ°um í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar taṇhā, Þegar
yfirgefin, er yfirgefin, Þar Þegar hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Aðstoðin við lykt í
heiminum er notaleg og ÃĄnÃĻgjuleg, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið,
Það yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Aðstoðarmaður
smekksins í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er taṇhā, Þegar
yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, ÃžÃĄ hÃĻttir Það. Aðstoð
líkamlegra fyrirbÃĻra í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er
taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, yfirgefið, Þar Þegar Það hÃĻttir, Það
hÃĻttir. VíkarhÃĄttur dama í heiminum er notalegur og ÃĄnÃĻgjulegur, Þar er
taṇhā, Þegar Það er yfirgefið, Þar sem Það er hÃĻtt, Það hÃĻttir. Þetta er
kallað, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ nirodha ariyasacca.

E4. SÃŊning Maggasacca


Og hvað, bhikkhus, er dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gāminÄĢ paáš­ipadā ariyasacca?
Það er bara Þessi ariya aáš­áš­haṅgika magga, Það er að segja sammādiáš­áš­hi,
sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammā-ājÄĢvo, sammāvāyāmo,
sammāsati og sammāsamādhi.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er sammādiᚭᚭhi?
Það, bhikkhus, sem er ÃąÄáš‡a dukkha, ÃąÄáš‡a dukkha-samudaya, ÃąÄáš‡a
dukkha-nirodha og ÃąÄáš‡a af dukkha-nirodha-gāmini paáš­ipada, Það er kallað,
bhikkhus, sammādiᚭᚭhi.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, eru sammāsaṅkappas?
Þeir, bhikkhus, sem eru saṅkappas of nekkhamma, saṅkappas of abyāpāda,
saṅkappas of avihiᚃsā, Þeir eru kallaðir, bhikkhus, sammāsaṅkappas.


Og hvað, bhikkhus, er sammāvācā? Það, bhikkhus, sem situr hjÃĄ við
musāvādā, situr hjÃĄ við pisuṇa vācā, situr hjÃĄ við pharusa vācā og situr
hjÃĄ við samphappalāpa, Það er kallað, bhikkhus, sammāvācā.

Og
hvað, bhikkhus, er sammā-kammanta? Það, bhikkhus, sem situr hjÃĄ við
pāṇātipāta, situr hjÃĄ við adinnādāna, situr hjÃĄ abrahmacariya, Það er
kallað, bhikkhus, sammā-kammanta.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er
sammā-ājÄĢva? HÊr styður bhikkhus, gÃļfugur lÃĻrisveinn, sem hefur
yfirgefið rangt lífsviðurvÃĻri, líf sitt með rÊttum lífsafkomu, Það er
kallað, bhikkhus, sammā-ājÄĢva.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er sammāvāyāma?
HÊr bhikkhus, bhikkhu bÃŊr chanda sína til Þess að koma ekki upp
Ãŗuppgerðum pāpaka og akusala dhammas, hann beitir sÊr, vekur viriya
sína, beitir krÃļftuglega sítrÃŗnu sinni og reynir; hann bÃŊr til chanda
sína til að yfirgefa risið pāpaka og akusala dhammas, hann beitir sÊr
fyrir sÊr, vekur viriya sína, beitir krÃļftuglega sítrÃŗnu sinni og
leitast við; hann bÃŊr til chanda sína vegna Ãŗuppkominna kusala dhammas,
hann beitir sÊr fyrir sÊr, vekur viriya sína, beitir krÃļftuglega sítrÃŗnu
sinni og leitast við; hann bÃŊr til chanda sína fyrir staðfÃļstu uppkomnu
kusala dhammas, vegna fjarveru rugls Þeirra, vegna fjÃļlgunar Þeirra,
Þroska Þeirra, rÃĻktunar Þeirra og frÃĄgangs, hann beitir sÊr fyrir sÊr,
vekur viriya sína, beitir krÃļftuglega sítrÃŗnu sinni og reynir. Þetta er
kallað, bhikkhus, sammāvāyāma.

Hvað er sammāsati? HÊr bhikkhus,
bhikkhu bÃŊr og fylgist með kāya í kāya, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, eftir
að hafa gefið upp abhijjhā-domanassa gagnvart heiminum. Hann bÃŊr og
fylgist með vedanā í vedanā, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, eftir að hafa
gefist upp abhijjhā-domanassa gagnvart heiminum. Hann dvelur og fylgist
með sítrÃŗnu í sítrÃŗnu, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, eftir að hafa gefið upp
abhijjhā-domanassa gagnvart heiminum. Hann dvelur við að fylgjast með
dhamma’s í dhamma’s, ttāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, eftir að hafa gefið upp
abhijjhā-domanassa gagnvart heiminum. Þetta er kallað, bhikkhus,
sammāsati.

Og hvað, bhikkhus, er sammāsamādhi? HÊr, bhikkhus,
bhikkhu, aðskilinn frÃĄ kāma, aðskilinn frÃĄ akusala dhammas, að hafa
komist inn í fyrsta jhāna, bÃŊr Þar í, með vitakka og vicāra, með píti og
sukha fÃĻddan af aðskilnað. Með stillingu vitakka-vicāra, eftir að hafa
farið inn í seinni jhana, stendur hann Þar við innri kyrrð, sameiningu
citta, ÃĄn vitakka nÊ vicāra, með pti og sukha fÃĻddan af samādhi. Og með
afskiptaleysi gagnvart píti, er hann í upekkha, sato og sampajāno, hann
upplifir í kāya sÃēkkuna sem arían lÃŊsir: „sÃĄ sem er jafnrÃŗmur og
hugfastur bÃŊr í [Þessari] sukha“, Þegar hann hefur gengið inn í Þriðja
jhana, stendur hann við Þar í. Yfirgefin sukha og yfirgefin dukkha,
somanassa og domanassa hafa ÃĄÃ°ur horfið, ÃĄn sukha nÊ dukkha, með
hreinleika upekkha og sati, eftir að hafa farið inn í fjÃŗrða jhana, og
hann stendur Þar í. Þetta er kallað, bhikkhus, sammāsamādhi.

Þetta er kallað, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gāminÄĢ paáš­ipadā ariyasacca.


Þannig dvelur hann við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas innbyrðis, eða
hann dvelur við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas ytra, eða hann dvelur
við að fylgjast með dammas í dammas innra og Ãētvortis; hann dvelur við
að fylgjast með samudaya af fyrirbÃĻrum í dammas, eða hann dvelur við að
horfa framhjÃĄ fyrirbÃĻri í dhammas, eða hann bÃŊr við að fylgjast með
samudaya og líða fyrirbÃĻri í dhammas; eða annað, [að ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ:] “Þetta
eru dammar!” sati er til staðar í honum, bara að Því marki bara ÃąÄáš‡a og
hreinu paáš­issati, hann bÃŊr aðskilinn og festist ekki við neitt í
heiminum. Þannig bhikkhus, bhikkhu dvelur og fylgist með dhammas í
dhammas, með vísan til aríakakanna fjÃļgurra.

Ávinningurinn af Því að ÃĻfa Satipaáš­áš­hānas


Fyrir hvern Þann, bhikkhus, sem myndi iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ
Þennan hÃĄtt í sjÃļ ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum:
annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver henging eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ sjÃļ ÃĄr, bhikkhus.
Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt í sex ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort
[fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver
henging eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ sex ÃĄr, bhikkhus. Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem,
bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt í fimm
ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort
[fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver
fastur liður eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ fimm ÃĄr, bhikkhus. Fyrir
ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt í
fjÃļgur ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort
[fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver
henging eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ fjÃļgur ÃĄr, bhikkhus. Fyrir ÃžÃĄ
sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt í
ÞrjÃē ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort
[fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver
henging eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ ÞrjÃē ÃĄr, bhikkhus. Fyrir ÃžÃĄ
sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt í
tvÃļ ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort
[fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver
fastagangur eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ tvÃļ ÃĄr, bhikkhus. Fyrir
hvern Þann, bhikkhus, sem myndi ÃĻfa Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt í eitt ÃĄr, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað
hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver henging eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ eitt ÃĄr, bhikkhus.
Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt í sjÃļ mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað
hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver henging eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ sjÃļ mÃĄnuði, bhikkhus.
Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt í sex mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað
hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver eftirhaldandi, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ sex mÃĄnuði, bhikkhus.
Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt í fimm mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað
hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver henging eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ fimm mÃĄnuði, bhikkhus.
Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan
hÃĄtt í fjÃŗra mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað
hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er
einhver henging eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ fjÃŗra mÃĄnuði, bhikkhus.
Fyrir hvern Þann, bhikkhus, sem myndi ÃĻfa Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ
Þennan hÃĄtt í ÞrjÃĄ mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum:
annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það
er einhver henging eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ ÞrjÃĄ mÃĄnuði,
bhikkhus. Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas
ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt í tvo mÃĄnuði, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af tveimur
niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum,
eða ef Það er einhver henging eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað ÃžÃĄ tvo
mÃĄnuði, bhikkhus. Fyrir ÃžÃĄ sem, bhikkhus, myndu iðka Þessar fjÃŗrar
satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt í einn mÃĄnuð, mÃĄ bÃēast við annarri af
tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ sÃŊnilegum
fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver henging eftir, anāgāmita.

Hvað
ÃžÃĄ einn mÃĄnuð, bhikkhus. Fyrir hvern Þann, bhikkhus, sem myndi ÃĻfa
Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt í hÃĄlfan mÃĄnuð, mÃĄ bÃēast við
annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ
sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver henging eftir, anāgāmita.


Hvað ÃžÃĄ hÃĄlfan mÃĄnuð, bhikkhus. Fyrir hvern Þann, bhikkhus, sem myndi
ÃĻfa Þessar fjÃŗrar satipaáš­áš­hānas ÃĄ Þennan hÃĄtt í viku, mÃĄ bÃēast við
annarri af tveimur niðurstÃļðum: annað hvort [fullkominni] Þekkingu ÃĄ
sÃŊnilegum fyrirbÃĻrum, eða ef Það er einhver henging eftir, anāgāmita.


„Þetta, bhikkhus, er leiðin sem leiðir til annars en hreinsunar
veranna, að vinna bug ÃĄ sorg og harma, hvarf dukkha-domanassa, nÃĄ rÊttu
leiðinni, ÃĄtta sig ÃĄ Nibbāna, Það er að segja fjÃŗrir satipaáš­áš­hānas. ”
Þannig hefur Það verið sagt og ÃĄ grundvelli alls Þessa hefur verið sagt.

Þannig talaði Bhagavā. Afskaplega ÃĄnÃĻgður, bhikkhÃēsin fÃļgnuðu orðum Bhagavā.



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Halelujah ÃĄ Íslensku, sungið af Bríet Sunnu engli í mannsmynd

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Bríet Sunna sÃļng Þetta við jarsetningu mÃŗÃ°ur minnar og verður mÊr Það
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Sunnu og BÃļðvari Reynis að hafa gefið sÊr tíma í studioi til að taka
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comments (0)
02/28/20
LESSON 3289 Sat 29 Feb 2020 Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING from KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT! Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice. VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS) Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist) All Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch) https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/â€Ļ/noveâ€Ļ/74100705 https://gulfnews.com/â€Ļ/india-doctor-claims-to-have-inventedâ€Ļ Doctor claims to have invented cure for Coronavirus
Filed under: General
Posted by: site admin @ 9:59 pm

LESSON  3289 Sat  29 Feb 2020

Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING

from

KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL



VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS)

Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)


All Aboriginal  Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch)

https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/â€Ļ/noveâ€Ļ/74100705

https://gulfnews.com/â€Ļ/india-doctor-claims-to-have-inventedâ€Ļ
Doctor claims to have invented cure for Coronavirus

Chennai: A Siddha doctor from Tamil Nadu has claimed to have formulated a herbal medicine that can cure Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Novel coronavirus to be called COVID-19: WHO
The deadly novel coronavirus has now got its official name. From now
on, the virus will be known as ‘COVID-19′., which was first detected in
the city of Wuhan in China in December 2019 and has no effective vaccine
or drug to treat it.

Dr Thanikasalam Veni of Rathna Siddha Hospital in Chennai has 25-year of vast experience in field Siddha medicines


Speaking to ANI, he said: “We have formulated a medicine from an
extract of herbs. It is very effective to cure any type of viral fever.
Coronavirus has no medicine. In China’s Wuhan where Coronavirus has
claimed over 50 lives, experts have no idea how to cure the disease. Our
herbal extract medicine is used to treat dengue, multi-organ fever and
acute liver fever.”

“We want to tell the World Health
Organisation (WHO) and the Chinese government that our medicine is very
effective in treating multi-organ failure in corona fever condition,” he
said.

The Siddha doctor claimed that the medicine formulated by
him along with his team treats infections caused by the virus within 24
hours to 40 hours.

“When we treated the dengue virus with our
medicine, many patients with reduced platelets count, acute liver
failure, immunity deficiency and low white blood cell (WBC) were cured
within 24-40 hours,” said Veni.

“In coronavirus too I am confident our medicine will be very effective,” he added.

The doctor said he is willing to help the state and the central government as well as China if required.


“If the Centre and state government require then I am ready with
medicine. Also, if China wants my contribution I am ready to fly
immediately to Wuhan with my medicine which can cure Coronavirus,” he
said.

The virus, which has no effective vaccine, was reported on
January 16 in Japan, the first case outside China and its territories.


Coronaviruses (nCoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness
ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East
Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus is a new strain that has not been
previously identified in humans.

Common signs of infection
include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and
breathing difficulties. In more severe cases, the infection can cause
pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even
death.

New Delhi, The deadly novel coronavirus has now got its official name. From now on, the virus will be known as ‘COVID-19′.


In a statement released by the World Health Organisation, its
Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said, “we now have a name
for the disease: COVID-19. I’ll spell it: C-O-V-I-D hyphen one nine -
COVID-19.” He termed the virus as “a common enemy.”

The statement was released on Tuesday by the World Health Organisation.


The WHO chief also said that, “under agreed guidelines between WHO, the
World Organisation for Animal Health and the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, we had to find a name that did not
refer to a geographical location, an animal, an individual or group of
people, and which is also pronounceable and related to the disease.
Having a name matters to prevent the use of other names that can be
inaccurate or stigmatizing. It also gives us a standard format to use
for any future coronavirus outbreaks.”

According to the World
Health Organisation there were 42,708 confirmed cases reported in China,
and tragically the death toll surpassed 1000 deaths as on Tuesday.
“More than 2000 people in China have lost their lives due to this virus.
Most of the cases and most of the deaths are in Hubei province. Outside
China, there are 393 cases in 24 countries, and 1 death,” said Dr
Ghebreyesus.

The world health body also said that it had
activated a UN Crisis Management Team, to be led by Dr Mike Ryan that
will help the organisation focus on the health response while the other
agencies could bring their expertise to bear on the wider social,
economic and developmental implications of the outbreak so we are all
working to our strengths. Dr Mike Ryan will coordinate the whole UN
response.

WHO is also hosting a two-day meeting of more than 400
scientists from around the world, both in person and virtually called
Global research and innovation forum on February 11 and 12.


Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta — Attendance on awareness — in 46) Classical Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,


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A KÁRPÁT-MEDENCE ŐSTÖRTÉNETE MEGHÖKKENTŐ MAGYAR NYOMOKKAL - AVAGY A HÍRHEDT ZABÁLÓS VIDI

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KovÃĄcsovics Fruzsina - PingvintÃĄnc

IstenesBence
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A PingvintÃĄnc KovÃĄcsovics Fruzsina Elfeledett mÊzescsÃŗk c. első
gyerekalbumÃĄrÃŗl Fruzsi Ês Fluor Tomi egyetlen kÃļzÃļs dala. A dal szerzői
bevÊteleiből Fruzsi Ês Tomi az ÖrÃļkbefogadÃĄsi Programon keresztÃŧl a
FővÃĄrosi Állat- Ês NÃļvÊnykert munkÃĄjÃĄt tÃĄmogatja. Ha 2012.11.04-ig Te is
letÃļltÃļd a dalt innen:

akkor azzal jelkÊpesen Te is hozzÃĄjÃĄrulsz a tÃĄmogatÃĄshoz. KÃļszÃļnjÃŧk!!!!

Fruzsi ruhÃĄja: Evetke
http://www.facebook.com/KovacsovicsFr

A videÃŗt kÊszítette: Istenes Bence

DalszÃļveg:

FehÊr a has, fekete a hÃĄt, a hÃŗban lÃĄtnÃĄk a lÃĄbunk nyomÃĄt,
Ha Êpp a DÊli-sarkon jÃĄrnÃĄnk

BÃĄlnÃĄkkal ÃēszhatnÃĄnk, cipő nÊlkÃŧl ballagnÃĄnk,
Ha Êpp a DÊli-sarkon jÃĄrnÃĄnk

Refr:
Mert
Ha pingvintÃĄncot tÃĄncolunk,
Mi is pingvinnÊ vÃĄlhatunk,
A jÊgen hason csÃēszhatunk,
A vízből halakat falhatunk

De most dÃŧlÃļngÊlve totyogjÃĄl,
KÃļrbe-kÃļrbe forogjÃĄl,
SzÃĄrnyad csapkodd, a lÃĄbad rÃĄzd,
Ilyen egyszerÅą ez a pingvintÃĄnc!

A hÃŗban alhatnÃĄnk, hideg lenne, de nem fÃĄznÃĄnk,
Ha Êpp a DÊli-sarkon jÃĄrnÃĄnk

BÃĄlnÃĄkkal ÃēszhatnÃĄnk, cipő nÊlkÃŧl ballagnÃĄnk,
Ha Êpp a DÊli-sarkon jÃĄrnÃĄnk

(Refr.)

TÃĄnc, tÃĄnc, Ãēgy tÅąnik, kitÃļrt a lÃĄz
MegőrÃŧlsz, amikor pingvint lÃĄtsz
Ugye megleshetem majd Ên is azt,
Hogy mennyire hideg a DÊli-sark?!
NÊzd, nÊzd, ahogyan vÃĄltozom ÃĄt,
MegcsodÃĄlja az egÊsz csalÃĄd
Mert csapkodok, mert tÃĄncolok,
Mert fekete-fehÊren pislogok
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46) Classical Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,

Mahāsatipaáš­áš­hāna Sutta - TudatossÃĄgfigyelÊs - a legjobb animÃĄlt Buddha-kÊppel Klasszikus Magyar-Klasszikus magyar

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqD1-Xi1ioA
Mahasatipatthana Sutta

(9d Yogi
843 előfizető
A Sutta Mahāsatipaᚭᚭhāna ÊneklÊse,
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Mahāsatipaáš­áš­hāna Sutta - A tudatossÃĄg jelenlÊte - 29 Êves) Klasszikus angol, rÃŗmai,

Ezt a szutta szÊles kÃļrben tekintik a meditÃĄciÃŗs gyakorlat alapvető referenciÃĄjÃĄnak.
BevezetÊs

I. Kāya megfigyelÊse
A. Az ānāpāna szakasz
B. A testtartÃĄsokrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
C. Szakasz a sampajaÃąÃąÃĄrÃŗl
D. A visszataszítÃŗ kÊpessÊgről szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
E. Az elemekről szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
F. Szakasz a kilenc kÃĄntÃĄlpÃĄlyÃĄrÃŗl

II. Vedanā megfigyelÊse

III. Citta megfigyelÊse

IV. Dhammas megfigyelÊse
A. Szakasz a NÄĢvaraṇs-on
B. A Khandhas szekciÃŗ
C. Az ÊrzÊkelÊsi szfÊrÃĄkrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
D. A Bojjhaṅgas-szekciÃŗ
E. Az igazsÃĄgokrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz
E1. Dukkhasacca kiÃĄllítÃĄsa
E2. Samudayasacca kiÃĄllítÃĄsa
E3. Nirodhasacca kiÃĄllítÃĄsa
E4. Maggasacca kiÃĄllítÃĄsa

BevezetÊs

Így hallottam:
Egy alkalommal a Bhagavā a Kurus kÃļzÃļtt tartÃŗzkodott Kammāsadhamma-ban, a Kurus piacvÃĄrosÃĄban. Ott a bhikkhushoz fordult:
- Bhikkhus.– Bhaddante vÃĄlaszolt a bhikkhusra. A Bhagavā azt mondta:
- Ez a bhikkhus az, ami a lÊnyek megtisztulÃĄsÃĄhoz, a szomorÃēsÃĄg Ês a
siralom legyőzÊsÊhez, a dukkha-domanassa eltÅąnÊsÊhez, a helyes Ãēt
elÊrÊsÊhez, a Nibbāna megvalÃŗsulÃĄsÃĄhoz vezet, vagyis a lÊnyek
megtisztulÃĄsÃĄhoz, a fÃĄjdalom Ês a siralom legyőzÊsÊhez, vagyis a nÊgy
satipaᚭᚭhānas.

Melyik nÊgy? Itt, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu Ãēgy nÊz ki,
mint a kÃĄja, kājā, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, miutÃĄn abhijjhā-domanassa
feladta a vilÃĄgot. Megfigyeli a vedanÃĄt vedanā, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā,
Ês abhijjhā-domanassa feladta a vilÃĄgot. A citta megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, amikor abhijjhā-domanassa feladta a
vilÃĄgot. A dhamma megfigyelÊsÊvel lakozik dhamma ¡ s, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno,
satimā, Ês abhijjhā-domanassa feladta a vilÃĄgot.

I. Kāyānupassanā

A. Az ānāpāna szakasz


És hogyan, bhikkhus, tartÃŗzkodik-e egy bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben?
Itt a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, miutÃĄn elment az erdőbe, elment a fa
gyÃļkerÊhez, vagy elment egy Ãŧres helyisÊgbe, leÃŧl, lehajtva a lÃĄbait,
keresztirÃĄnyban ÃĄllítva, kāya helyzetbe ÃĄllítva, Ês beÃĄllítva, hogy sati
parimukhaᚃ. Így szatÃŗkÊnt lÊlegzik be, így szatÃŗkÊnt lÊlegzik. Hosszan
lÊlegezve megÊrti: „hosszÃē lÊlegzem”; hosszÃē lÊgzÊst jelent, Ês megÊrti:
„hosszÃē lÊgzÊst okozok”; rÃļvid lÊgzÊs: megÊrti: „rÃļviden lÊlegzem”;
rÃļvid lÊlegzettel megÊrti: „RÃļvidesen lÊlegzem”; kikÊpezi magÃĄt: „Êrezve
az egÊsz kājÃĄt, belÊlegzem”; kikÊpezi magÃĄt: „Êrezve az egÊsz kāyÃĄt, ki
fogok lÊlegezni”; kÊpzi magÃĄt: „megnyugtatja a kāya-saṅkhārÃĄkat,
belÊlegezem”; kikÊpezi magÃĄt: „megnyugtatva a kāya-saṅkhārÃĄkat, ki fogok
lÊlegezni”.

UgyanÃēgy, mint egy bhikkhus, egy Ãŧgyes esztergÃĄlÃŗ
vagy egy fordulÃŗ gyakornok, aki egy hosszÃē kanyarral jÃĄr, megÊrti: “Én
hosszÃē fordulatot teszek”; rÃļvid fordulÃĄssal megÊrti: „RÃļvid fordulatot
teszek”; ugyanÃēgy, a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, hosszÃē lÊlegzettel, megÊrti:
„hosszan lÊlegzem”; hosszÃē lÊgzÊst jelent, Ês megÊrti: „hosszÃē lÊgzÊst
okozok”; rÃļvid lÊgzÊs: megÊrti: „rÃļviden lÊlegzem”; rÃļvid lÊlegzettel
megÊrti: „RÃļvidesen lÊlegzem”; kikÊpezi magÃĄt: „Êrezve az egÊsz kājÃĄt,
belÊlegezem”; kikÊpezi magÃĄt: „Êrezve az egÊsz kāyÃĄt, ki fogok
lÊlegezni”; kÊpzi magÃĄt: „megnyugtatja a kāya-saṅkhārÃĄkat, belÊlegezem”;
kikÊpezi magÃĄt: „megnyugtatva a kāya-saṅkhārÃĄkat, ki fogok lÊlegezni”.


Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsőleg, vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ
megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen
lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy
a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy
pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kāya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta
ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem
ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

B. A testtartÃĄsokrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz


EzenkívÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, sÊtÃĄlva megÊrti: „sÊtÃĄlok”, vagy ÃĄllva
megÊrti: â€žÃĄllok”, vagy Ãŧlve megÊrti: „ÃŧlÃļk”, vagy fekve fekszik, Ês
megÊrti: ” Lefekszem ”. Vagy kÃŧlÃļnben is, bÃĄrhovÃĄ is helyezkedik el,
mint kÃĄja, ennek megfelelően megÊrti.

Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik belsőleg, vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy
pedig a kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn
Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez
kāya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

C. Szakasz a sampajaÃąÃąÃĄrÃŗl


EzenkívÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mikÃļzben megkÃļzelíti Ês tÃĄvozik,
szampajaÃąÃąa-val jÃĄr, mikÃļzben előre nÊz, Ês kÃļrÃŧlnÊzett, szampajaÃąÃąa-val
jÃĄr, mikÃļzben meghajlik Ês nyÃējtÃŗzkodik, szampajaÃąÃąa-val viselkedik,
mikÃļzben a kÃļpenyt Ês a felső kÃļpenyt viseli. a tÃĄl hordozÃĄsakor
sampajaÃąÃąa-val viselkedik, evÊs kÃļzben, ivÃĄs kÃļzben, rÃĄgÃĄs kÃļzben, ízlÊs
kÃļzben sampajaÃąÃąa-val viselkedik, mikÃļzben elvÊgzi a szÊklet-ÃŧrítÊs Ês
vizelÊs Ãŧzleti tevÊkenysÊgÊt, sampajaÃąÃąa-val jÃĄr, jÃĄrÃĄs kÃļzben, ÃĄllva,
Ãŧlve alszik, Êbren, beszÊlgetÊs kÃļzben Ês csendben sampajaÃąÃąa-val
cselekszik.

Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsőleg, vagy
pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban
valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai
jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kāya!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

D. A RepultivitÃĄs szakasz


EzenkívÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu ezt a testet veszi figyelembe, a lÃĄb
talpÃĄtÃŗl felfelÊ Ês a fej lefelÊ fekvő hajÃĄtÃŗl, amelyet a bőre hatÃĄrol,
Ês kÃŧlÃļnfÊle szennyeződÊsekkel tele van: “Ebben a kÃĄjÃĄban vannak a
szőrszÃĄlak a fej, a test szőrszÃĄlai, a kÃļrmÃļk, a fogak, a bőr, a test,
az inak, a csontok, a csontvelő, a vesÊk, a szív, a mÃĄj, a mellhÃĄrtya, a
lÊp, a tÃŧdő, a belek, a mesenterium, a gyomor Ês annak tartalma,
szÊklet, epe, lÃĄz , genny, vÊr, verejtÊk, zsír, kÃļnny, zsír, nyÃĄl,
orrnyÃĄlkahÃĄrtya, ízÃŧleti folyadÊk Ês vizelet. “

Mintha bhikkhus
lenne, egy zsÃĄk volt, kÊt nyílÃĄssal, Ês kÃŧlÃļnfÊle gabonafÊlÊkkel tÃļltÃļtt
meg, mint pÊldÃĄul hegyes hÃĄntolatlan hÃĄntolatlan rizs, mung bab, tehÊn
borsÃŗ, szezÃĄmmag Ês hÃĄntolt rizs. Egy jÃŗ lÃĄtÃĄsÃē ember, kibontva azt, azt
fontolgatja [annak tartalma]: “Ez hegyes rizs, ez egy rizs, ezek mung
bab, tehÊn borsÃŗ, ez szezÃĄmmag Ês ez hÃĄntolt rizs;” ugyanÃēgy, a
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu ezt a testet veszi figyelembe, a lÃĄb talpÃĄtÃŗl
felfelÊ Ês a fej lefelÊ lÊvő hajÃĄtÃŗl fÃŧggően, amelyet a bőre hatÃĄrol Ês
kÃŧlÃļnfÊle szennyeződÊsekkel tele van: a fej szőrszÃĄlai, a test
szőrszÃĄlai, a kÃļrmÃļk, a fogak, a bőr, a test, az inak, a csontok, a
csontvelő, a vesÊk, a szív, a mÃĄj, a mellhÃĄrtya, a lÊp, a tÃŧdő, a belek,
a mesentery, a gyomor Ês annak tartalma, a szÊklet, epe, vÃĄladÊk,
genny, vÊr, verejtÊk, zsír, kÃļnny, zsír, nyÃĄl, orrnyÃĄlkahÃĄrtya, ízÃŧleti
folyadÊk Ês vizelet. “

Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik
belsőleg, vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy pedig a
kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai
jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kāya!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

E. Az elemekről szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz


EzenkívÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu tÃŧkrÃļzi ezt a nagyon kÃĄjÃĄt, bÃĄr el van
helyezve, bÃĄr elemeiből ÃĄll: “Ebben a kÃĄjÃĄban vannak a fÃļld elem, a víz
elem, a tÅąz elem Ês a levegő elem.”

UgyanÃēgy, mint egy bhikkhus,
egy Ãŧgyes hentes vagy egy hentes tanítvÃĄnya, miutÃĄn megÃļlte a tehÊnÊt,
egy kereszteződÊsen Ãŧlt, darabolva azt darabokra; ugyanÃēgy, a bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu visszatÃŧkrÃļzi ezt a nagyon kÃĄjÃĄt, bÃĄr elhelyezi, bÃĄrmennyire
elrendeli: “Ebben a kÃĄjÃĄban vannak a fÃļld elem, a víz elem, a tÅąz elem
Ês a levegő elem.”

Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsőleg,
vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlső
kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai
jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kāya!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

F. Szakasz a kilenc kÃĄntÃĄlpÃĄlyÃĄrÃŗl

(1)
EzenkívÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, amelyet
kÃĄpolna talajÃĄba dobna, egy nap halott, vagy kÊt nap halott vagy hÃĄrom
napos halott, duzzadt, kÊkes Ês feszes, ezt nagyon koyÃĄnak tekinti: ” Ez
a kāya szintÊn ilyen termÊszetÅą, ilyenkÊpp vÃĄlik, Ês nem mentes az
ilyen ÃĄllapottÃŗl. “

Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsőleg,
vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlső
kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai
jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kāya!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

(2)

EzenkívÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, eldobja
egy karnolt talajban, varjak esznek, sÃŗlymok emelik, keselyÅąk elik,
gÊmek eszik, kutyÃĄk esznek, tigrisek ÃĄltal megengedett, pÃĄrducok eszik,
kÃŧlÃļnfÊle lÊnyek eszik, ezt nagyon kājÃĄnak tartja: “Ez a kaya is olyan
termÊszetÅą, ilyen lesz, Ês nem mentes ilyen kÃļrÃŧlmÊnyektől. “

Így
a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsőleg, vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ
megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen
lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy
a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy
pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kāya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta
ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem
ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

(3)
EzenkívÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu,
mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, amelyet egy karnolt talajban dobott el,
testtel Ês vÊrrel ellÃĄtott pattanÃŗt tartva az inakkal, ezt nagyon
kājÃĄnak tartja: “Ez a kÃĄja szintÊn ilyen termÊszet, ilyen lesz, Ês nem
mentes az ilyen kÃļrÃŧlmÊnyektől. “

Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik belsőleg, vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy
pedig a kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn
Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez
kāya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

(4)
RÃĄadÃĄsul bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtott volna,
szÊnsavas fÃļldbe dobva, test nÊlkÃŧli, vÊrrel kimerÃŧlt, vÊnnal festett
sarkon, amelyet inak tartanak, ezt nagyon kājÃĄnak tartja: “Ez a kāya is
ilyen termÊszetÅą, ilyen lesz, Ês nem mentes ilyen kÃļrÃŧlmÊnyektől. “


Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsőleg, vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ
megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen
lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy
a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy
pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kāya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta
ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem
ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

(5)
EzenkívÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu,
mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtott volna, szÊnsavas fÃļldbe dobva, testtel Ês
vÊr nÊlkÃŧli pattanÃĄssal, amelyet az inak tartanak, ezt nagyon „kÃĄjÃĄÃĄnak”
tartja: „Ez a kunya is ilyen termÊszet, ilyen lesz, Ês nem mentes az
ilyen kÃļrÃŧlmÊnyektől. “

Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik
belsőleg, vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy pedig a
kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai
jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kāya!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

(6)

EzenkívÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, eldobja
egy karnolt talajban, itt-ott szÊtszÃŗrÃŗdott levÃĄlasztott csontok, itt
egy kÊzcsont, ott egy lÃĄbcsont, itt egy bokacsont, egy lÃĄbszÃĄrcsont Itt
egy combcsontot, itt egy csípőcsontot, itt egy bordÃĄt, ott egy
hÃĄtcsontot, itt egy gerinccsontot, ott egy nyakcsontot, itt egy
ÃĄllkapocscsontot, ott egy fogcsontot vagy ott a koponyÃĄt, ezt nagyon
kājÃĄnak tartja : “Ez a kāya szintÊn ilyen jellegÅą, ilyenkÊpp vÃĄlik, Ês
nem mentes az ilyen ÃĄllapottÃŗl.”

Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik belsőleg, vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy
pedig a kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn
Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez
kāya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

(7)
EzenkívÃŧl, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, eldobva
egy karnolt talajban, a csontok fehÊrednek, mint egy kagylÃŗ, ezt nagyon
kājÃĄnak tartja: “Ez a kÃĄja szintÊn ilyen jellegÅą, megy így vÃĄlni, Ês nem
mentes az ilyen feltÊtelektől. “

Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik belsőleg, vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy
pedig a kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn
Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez
kāya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

(8)
RÃĄadÃĄsul a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtna, eldobva
egy szÊnsavas fÃļldbe, egy Êven ÃĄt felhalmozva a csontokat, ezt nagyon
“kÃĄjÃĄÃĄnak” tartja: “Ez a kāya szintÊn ilyen termÊszetÅą, így lesz, Ês nem
mentes az ilyen feltÊtelektől. “

Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben
lakozik belsőleg, vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy
pedig a kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn
Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez
kāya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

(9
EzenkívÃŧl a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, csakÃēgy, mintha egy holttestet lÃĄtott
volna, amelyet egy karnolt talajban dobnÃĄnak el, Ês a rothadt csontokat
porra redukÃĄlnÃĄk, ezt nagyon kājÃĄnak tartja: “Ez a kÃĄya szintÊn ilyen
jellegÅą, fog ilyenvÊ vÃĄlni, Ês nem mentes az ilyen feltÊtelektől. “


Így a kÃĄja megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik belsőleg, vagy pedig a kāyÃĄban valÃŗ
megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl, vagy pedig a kÃŧlső kÃĄjÃĄban valÃŗ megfigyelÊsen
lakozik. a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy
a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a kÃĄjai jelensÊgek elhÃēzÃŗdÃĄsÃĄn lakozik; vagy
pedig: [felismerve:] “ez kāya!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta
ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem
ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. TehÃĄt bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a kÃĄja
megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl.

II. Vedanā megfigyelÊse

És emellett, bhikkhus, hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu vedanā-t vedanā-ban megfigyelve?


A bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, aki egy sukha vedanā-t tapasztal, alÃĄhÃēzza: “egy
sukha vedanā-t tapasztalok”; a dukkha vedanā megtapasztalÃĄsa
alÃĄtÃĄmasztja: “dukkha vedanÃĄt tapasztalom”; az adukkham-asukhā vedanā
megtapasztalÃĄsa alÃĄtÃĄmasztja: “Adukkham-asukhā vedanā-t tapasztalom”;
egy sukha vedanā sāmisa megtapasztalÃĄsa alatt ÃĄll: “sukha vedanā
sāmisa-t tapasztalok”; egy sukha vedanā nirāmisa megtapasztalÃĄsa alatt
ÃĄll: “sukha vedanā nirāmisÃĄt tapasztalom”; egy dukkha vedanā sāmisa
megtapasztalÃĄsa alatt ÃĄll: “dukkha vedanā sāmisa-t tapasztalok”; a
dukkha vedanā nirāmisa megtapasztalÃĄsa alÃĄtÃĄmasztja: “dukkha vedanā
nirāmisÃĄt tapasztalom”; az adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa megtapasztalÃĄsa
alatt ÃĄll: “Adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa-t tapasztalom”;
megtapasztalva egy adukkham-asukhā vedanā nirāmisÃĄt, alÃĄhÃēzza:
“Adukkham-asukhā vedanā nirāmisÃĄt tapasztalom”.

Így a vedanÃĄ
megfigyelÊsekor vedanā belÃŧl, vagy vedanā megfigyelÊsekor vedanā kívÃŧl,
vagy vedanā megfigyelÊsÊn belÃŧl Ês kívÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik; a vedanÃĄ
jelensÊgeinek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊnÊl lakozik, vagy a jelensÊg vedanā
jelenetÊnek eltÅąnÊsÊnÊl figyel, vagy a samudaya megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a
vedanā jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [felismerve:] “ez vedanā!” A
sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati
szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon.
Így, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a vedanÃĄt vedanā-ban megfigyelve lakozik.

III. Citta megfigyelÊse

És emellett, bhikkhus, hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu, megfigyelve a cittat a citta alatt?


Itt, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a citÃĄt Ês a raga-t “citta Ês raga” -kÊnt
Êrti, vagy pedig a raga nÊlkÃŧli cittat “citta-raga” -kÊnt Êrti, vagy a
citosa-t a dosa-val “citta with dosa” -kÊnt Êrti, vagy pedig a citta-t
dosa nÊlkÃŧl Êrti “citta dosa nÊlkÃŧl”, vagy Ãēgy Êrti a citÃĄt a moha-val,
mint “citta a moha-val”, vagy Êrti a citÃĄt a moha nÊlkÃŧl, mint a “citta
nÊlkÃŧl, moha”, vagy Êrti az ÃļsszegyÅąjtÃļtt cittat, mint “ÃļsszegyÅąjtÃļtt
citta”, vagy Êrti szÊtszÃŗrtan. citta, mint “szÊtszÃŗrt citta”, vagy egy
kibővített citÊt, mint “kibővített cittat”, vagy egy kibővített cittat,
mint “kibővített cittÃĄt”, vagy megÊrti a felÃŧlmÃēlhatatlant, mint
“felÃŧlmÃēlhatatlan citta”, vagy Êrti egy felÃŧlmÃēlhatatlan citta, mint
“felÃŧlmÃēlhatatlan citta”, vagy Êrt egy letelepedett citrÃĄt, mint
“rendezett citta”, vagy megÊrti az el nem rendezett cittat, mint
“rendezetlen citta”, vagy megÊrti a felszabadult cittat, mint
“felszabadult citta”, vagy Ãēgy Êrtelmezi a nem ÃĄttÃļrt citrÃĄt, mint “nem
ÃĄttÃļrt citrÃĄt”.

Így a citta megfigyelÊsÊn belÃŧl lakozik, vagy a
citta megfigyelÊsÊn kívÃŧl, vagy a cittÃĄt megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kívÃŧl
tartÃŗzkodik; a citÃĄtÃĄban a jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn vagy a
citÊtban a jelensÊgek elmÃēlÃĄsÃĄnak figyelÊsÊnÊl lakozik, vagy a
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a citÃĄtÃĄban a jelensÊgek eltÅąnÊsÊn lakozik;
vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļn:] “ez citta!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta
ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem
ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. Így a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a cittÃĄt
citÃĄtÃĄban figyeli.

IV. Dhammas megfigyelÊse

A. Szakasz a NÄĢvaraṇs-on


És emellett, bhikkhus, hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu a dhammas dhammas
megfigyelÊsÊvel? Itt, bhikkhus, egy bhikkhu lakik, aki megfigyeli a
dhammasokat dhammÃĄkban, az Ãļt nÄĢvaraáš‡ÃĄra hivatkozva. És emellett,
bhikkhus, hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu, aki megfigyeli a dhammasokat dhammÃĄkban
az Ãļt nÄĢvaraṇa vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban?

Itt a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, ahol
lÊtezik kāmacchanda, megÊrti: “bennem van” kāmacchanda “; mivel nem
lÊtezik kāmacchanda belÃŧl, megÊrti: “nincsen bennem kāmacchanda”;
megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt alakul ki a feltÃĄratlan kāmacchanda; megÊrti,
hogyan hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt kāmacchandÃĄt; Ês megÊrti, hogy az
elhagyott kāmacchanda hogyan jÃļhet lÊtre a jÃļvőben.

A bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, amelyben lÊtezik byāpāda, megÊrti: “benned van bennem”; ha nem
lÊtezik byāpāda belÃŧl, megÊrti: “benned nincs bennem”; megÊrti, hogyan
jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄratlan byāpāda; megÊrti, hogyan hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt
byāpāda-t; Ês megÊrti, hogy az elhagyott byāpāda hogyan jÃļhet lÊtre a
jÃļvőben.

Itt a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, ahol lÊtezik thÄĢnamiddhā,
megÊrti: “bennem van thÄĢnamiddhā”; mivel nem lÊtezik thÄĢnamiddhā belÃŧl,
megÊrti: “bennem nincs thÄĢnamiddhā”; megÊrti, hogyan jÃļn lÊtre a
feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli thÄĢnamiddha; megÊrti, hogyan hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt
thÄĢnamiddhÃĄt; Ês megÊrti, hogy az elhagyott thÄĢnamiddha miÊrt nem merÃŧl
fel a jÃļvőben.

MegÊrti mana, megÊrti a dhammaszt, megÊrti a
szacyÃŗnanÃĄt, amely e kettő miatt felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn
lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli szᚃyojana, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt hagyjÃĄk el a
felmerÃŧlt saᚃyojana-t, Ês megÊrti, hogy az elhagyott saᚃyojana mikÊnt
nem merÃŧl fel. a jÃļvőben.

Így a dhammas megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl a
dhammÃĄkon belÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl
tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kívÃŧl
tartÃŗzkodik; a dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy
dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy a szamadjaja
megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a dhammas jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļnve:]
“ezek dhamÃĄk!” A sati jelen van benne, csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta
paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl, Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a
vilÃĄgon. Így, a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a dhammÃĄk megfigyelÊsÊben
tartÃŗzkodik, a hat belső Ês kÃŧlső āyatanÃĄra hivatkozva.

D. A Bojjhaṅgas-szekciÃŗ


És emellett, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a dhammas megfigyelÊsÊnÊl jÃĄtszik
dhammas formÃĄban, a hÊt bojjhaṅga vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban. És emellett, bhikkhus,
hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu a dhammasok megfigyelÊsÊvel a dhammÃĄkban, a hÊt
bojjhaṅga vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban?

Itt a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, amelyben
lÊtezik a sati sambojjha beingga, megÊrti: “bennem van a sati
sambojjhaṅga”; mivel nincs jelen a sati sambojjhaṅga belÃŧl, megÊrti:
“bennem nincs sati sambojjhaṅga”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a
feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli sati sambojjhaṅga; megÊrti, hogy a felmerÃŧlt sati
sambojjhaṅga mikÊnt fejlÃĩdik tÃļkÊletesen.

Mivel a dhammavicaya
sambojjhaṅga jelen van bennÃŧnk, megÊrti: “bennem van a dhammavicaya
sambojjhaṅga”; mivel nincs jelen a dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga, megÊrti:
“nincs bennem dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga”; megÊrti, hogy a feltÃĄmadt
dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga hogyan jÃļn lÊtre; megÊrti, hogy a felmerÃŧlt
dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga mikÊnt fejlődik tÃļkÊletesen.

Mivel a
vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga jelen van bennÃŧnk, megÊrti: “bennem van a vÄĢriya
sambojjhaṅga”; mivel nem lÊtezik a vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga belÃŧl, megÊrti:
“bennem nincs vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a
felemelhetetlen vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga; megÊrti, hogy a felmerÃŧlt vÄĢriya
sambojjhaṅga hogyan fejlÃĩdik tÃļkÊletesen.

Mivel a pÄĢti
sambojjhaṅga jelen van benned, megÊrti: “bennem van a pÄĢti
sambojjhaṅga”; mivel nem lÊtezik a pÄĢti sambojjha withinga belÃŧl,
megÊrti: “bennem nincs pÄĢti sambojjhaṅga”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn
lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli pÄĢti sambojjhaṅga; megÊrti, hogy a felmerÃŧlt
pÄĢti sambojjhaṅga mikÊnt fejlődik tÃļkÊletesen.

Mivel a passaddhi
sambojjhaṅga jelen van benned, megÊrti: “bennem van a passaddhi
sambojjhaṅga”; mivel nincs jelen a passaddhi sambojjhaṅga belÃŧl,
megÊrti: “nincs bennem passaddhi sambojjhaṅga”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn
lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli passaddhi sambojjhaṅga; megÊrti, hogy a
felmerÃŧlt passaddhi sambojjhaṅga mikÊnt fejlődik tÃļkÊletesen.


Mivel a szamādhi szambojjhaṅga jelen van bennÃŧnk, megÊrti: “bennem van a
szamādhi szambojjhaṅga”; mivel nincs jelen a samādhi sambojjhaṅga
belÃŧl, megÊrti: “nincs bennem samādhi sambojjha samga”; megÊrti, hogy
mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli samādhi sambojjhaṅga; megÊrti,
hogy a felmerÃŧlt szamādhi szambojjhaṅga mikÊnt fejlődik tÃļkÊletesen.


Mivel jelen van a upekkhā sambojjhaṅga, megÊrti: “bennem van a upekkhā
sambojjhaṅga”; mivel nem lÊtezik a upekkhā sambojjhaṅga belÃŧl, megÊrti:
“bennem nincs upekkhā sambojjhaṅga”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a
feltÃĄmadt upekkhā sambojjhaṅga; megÊrti, hogy a felmerÃŧlt upekkhā
sambojjhaṅga mikÊnt fejlődik tÃļkÊletesen.

Így a dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl a dhammÃĄkon belÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas
dhammas megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kívÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik; a dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a dhammas jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļnve:] “ezek dhamÃĄk!” A sati jelen van benne,
csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl,
Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. Így a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a
dhammas dÃĄmÃĄkban figyeli a dÊmasokat, hivatkozva a hÊt bojjhaṅga-ra.


Itt a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, ahol uddhacca-kukkucca jelen van, megÊrti:
“bennem van uddhacca-kukkucca”; mivel nem lÊtezik uddhacca-kukkucca
belÃŧl, megÊrti: “bennem nincs uddhacca-kukkucca”; megÊrti, hogyan jÃļn
lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli uddhacca-kukkucca; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt
hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt uddhacca-kukkucca-t; Ês megÊrti, hogy az
elhagyott uddhacca-kukkucca hogyan jÃļhet lÊtre a jÃļvőben.

Itt a
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, ahol vicikicchā jelen van, megÊrti: “bennem van
vicikicchā”; mivel nem lÊtezik vicikicchā belÃŧl, megÊrti: “bennem nincs
vicikicchā”; megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt alakul ki a feltÃĄratlan vicikicchā;
megÊrti, hogyan hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt vicikicchÃĄt; Ês megÊrti, hogy az
elhagyott vicikicchā hogyan jÃļhet lÊtre a jÃļvőben.

Így a dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl a dhammÃĄkon belÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas
dhammas megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kívÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik; a dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a dhammas jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļnve:] “ezek dhamÃĄk!” A sati jelen van benne,
csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl,
Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. Így a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a
dhammas megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, az Ãļt nÄĢvaraáš‡ÃĄra hivatkozva.

B. A Khandhas szekciÃŗ


És emellett bhikkhus, a bhikkhu lakik, hogy megfigyelje a dhammasokat
dhammÃĄkban, az Ãļt khandha vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban. És emellett, bhikkhus, hogyan
Êl egy bhikkhu, aki megfigyeli a dhammasokat dhammÃĄkban az Ãļt khandha
vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban?

Itt, bhikkhus, bhikkhu [megkÃŧlÃļnbÃļzteti]: “ilyen a
rÅĢpa, ilyen a rÅĢpa samudaya, ilyen a rÅĢpa eltÅąnÊse; ilyen a vedanā,
ilyen a vedanā samudaya, ilyen a vedanā eltÅąnÊse; ilyen saÃąÃąÄ, ilyen a
saÃąÃąa samudaya, ilyen a saÃąÃąÄ elmÃēlÃĄsa; ilyen a saṅkhāra, ilyen a
saṅkhāra samudaya, ilyen a saṅkhāra elmÃēlÃĄsa; ilyen a viÃąÃąÄáš‡a, ilyen a
viÃąÃąÄáš‡a samudaya, ilyen a viÃąÃąÄáš‡a eltÅąnÊse “.

Így a dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl a dhammÃĄkon belÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas
dhammas megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kívÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik; a dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a dhammas jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļnve:] “ezek dhamÃĄk!” A sati jelen van benne,
csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl,
Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. Így, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a
dhammas megfigyelÊsÊnÊl tartÃŗzkodik, az Ãļt khandha vonatkozÃĄsÃĄban.

C. Az ÊrzÊkelÊsi szfÊrÃĄkrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz


És emellett, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a dhammas megfigyelÊsÊnÊl Êl, a hat
belső Ês kÃŧlső āyatÃĄnÃĄra hivatkozva. És emellett, bhikkhus, hogyan Êl
egy bhikkhu a dhammÃĄk megfigyelÊsÊvel a dhammÃĄkban, a hat belső Ês kÃŧlső
āyatÃĄnÃĄra hivatkozva?

Itt, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu megÊrti a
cakkhut, megÊrti a rÅĢpot, megÊrti a szᚃyojanÃĄt, amely e kettő miatt
felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a felemeltelendő saᚃyojana,
megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt saᚃyojanÃĄt, Ês megÊrti, hogy
az elhagyott saᚃyojana a jÃļvőben nem merÃŧl fel.

MegÊrti a
sota-t, Êrti a szaddat, megÊrti a szᚃyojanÃĄt, amely e kettő miatt
felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli szᚃyojana,
megÊrti, hogyan hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt saᚃyojanÃĄt, Ês megÊrti, hogy az
elhagyott saᚃyojana mikÊnt nem merÃŧl fel. a jÃļvőben.

MegÊrti a
ghÃĄnÃĄt, megÊrti a gandhÃĄt, megÊrti a saᚃyojanÃĄt, amely e kettő miatt
felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli saᚃyojana,
megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt saᚃyojana-t, Ês megÊrti,
hogy az elhagyott saᚃyojana hogyan jÃļn lÊtre. a jÃļvőben.

MegÊrti a
dzivhÃĄt, megÊrti a razÃĄt, megÊrti a szacyÃŗnanÃĄt, amely e kettő miatt
felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli szᚃyojana,
megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt saᚃyojanÃĄt, Ês megÊrti,
hogy az elhagyott saᚃyojana hogyan jÃļn lÊtre. a jÃļvőben.

MegÊrti a
kÃĄjÃĄt, megÊrti a fÃŗbabÃĄbÃĄt, megÊrti a szandsyojanÃĄt, amely e kettő
miatt felmerÃŧl, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt jÃļn lÊtre a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli
szᚃyojana, megÊrti, hogy mikÊnt hagyjÃĄk el a felmerÃŧlt szanyjananÃĄt, Ês
megÊrti, hogy az elhagyott szandÅžjana hogyan jÃļn lÊtre. a jÃļvőben.

E. Az igazsÃĄgokrÃŗl szÃŗlÃŗ szakasz


És emellett bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a dhÃĄmÃĄk megfigyelÊsÊnÊl, a nÊgy ariya ¡
szacsÃĄra valÃŗ hivatkozÃĄssal dhammÃĄkban figyel. És emellett, bhikkhus,
hogyan Êl egy bhikkhu a dhammÃĄk megfigyelÊsÊvel dhammÃĄkban a nÊgy ariya ¡
szacsÃĄra hivatkozva?

E1. Dukkhasacca kiÃĄllítÃĄsa

És mi,
bhikkhus, a dukkha ariyasacca? Jāti dukkha, az ÃļregedÊs dukkha (a
betegsÊg dukkha) maraṇa dukkha, bÃĄnat, siralom, dukkha, domanassa Ês
szorongÃĄs dukkha, tÃĄrsulÃĄs azzal, amit nem szeretsz, dukkha,
disszociÃĄciÃŗ attÃŗl, amit szeretett, a dukkha, nem pedig az, amit akar.
dukkha; RÃļviden: az Ãļt upādāna ¡ k ¡ khandha dukkha.

És mi,
bhikkhus, jāti? A kÃŧlÃļnbÃļző lÊnyek kÃŧlÃļnbÃļző lÊnyei szÃĄmÃĄra: jāti, a
szÃŧletÊs, a mÊhbe ereszkedÊs, a felmerÃŧlő [vilÃĄg], a khandhas
megjelenÊse, megjelenÊse, az āyatanÃĄk megszerzÊse. Ezt a bhikkhus-t
nevezzÃŧk.

És mi, bhikkhus, a jarā? A lÊnyek kÃŧlÃļnfÊle lÊnyei
szÃĄmÃĄra a jarā, a pusztulÃĄs, a fogak ÃļsszetÃļrÊse, a szÃŧrke haja, a
rÃĄncosodÃĄs, az Êleterő romlÃĄsa, az indiÃĄdok pusztulÃĄsa: ez, bhikkhus,
jarā-nak hívjÃĄk.

És mi, bhikkhus, a maraṇa? A lÊnyek kÃŧlÃļnbÃļző
osztÃĄlyaiban Êlő lÊnyek szÃĄmÃĄra az elhalÃĄs, a [lÊtezÊsből valÃŗ]
eltolÃŗdÃĄs ÃĄllapota, felbomlÃĄs, eltÅąnÊs, halÃĄl, maraṇa, elhunyt, a
khandhÃĄk felbomlÃĄsa, lerakÃĄsa a holttest: ezt a bhikkhus-ot maraáš‡ÃĄnak
hívjÃĄk.

És mi, bhikkhus, a bÃĄnat? Az egyikben a bhikkhus
kÃŧlÃļnfÊle típusÃē szerencsÊtlensÊgekhez kapcsolÃŗdik, amelyeket kÃŧlÃļnfÊle
dukkha dhamma, a bÃĄnat, a gyÃĄsz, a gyÃĄszÃĄllapot, a belső bÃĄnat, a belső
nagy bÃĄnat Êrint: ezt a bhikkhus-t bÃĄnatnak hívjÃĄk.

És mi,
bhikkhus, a sírÃĄs? Az egyikben a bhikkhus kÃŧlÃļnfÊle típusÃē
szerencsÊtlensÊgekhez kapcsolÃŗdik, amelyeket kÃŧlÃļnfÊle dukkha dhammÃĄk,
sírÃĄsok, siratÃĄsok, sírÃĄs, siratÃĄs, sírÃĄsÃĄllapot, siralom ÃĄllapota
Êrint: ezt a bhikkhus-t nevezzÃŧk.

És mi, bhikkhus, a dukkha?
BÃĄrmi legyen is, bhikkhus, testi dukkha, testi kellemetlensÊg, testi
kapcsolat ÃĄltal keltett dukkha, kellemetlen vedayitas: ezt a bhikkhus-t
dukkha-nak hívjÃĄk.

És mi, bhikkhus, a domanassa? BÃĄrmi legyen is,
bhikkhus, mentÃĄlis dukkha, mentÃĄlis kellemetlensÊg, dukkha, amelyet
mentÃĄlis kapcsolat okoz, kellemetlen vedayitas: ezt a bhikkhus-t
domanassa-nak hívjÃĄk.

És mi, bhikkhus, a kÊtsÊgbeesÊs? Az
egyikben a bhikkhus kÃŧlÃļnfÊle típusÃē szerencsÊtlensÊgekhez kapcsolÃŗdik,
amelyeket kÃŧlÃļnfÊle dukkha dhammasok, a baj, a kÊtsÊgbeesÊs, a bajba
jutott ÃĄllapot, a kÊtsÊgbeesÊs ÃĄllapota Êrint: ezt a bhikkhus-t
kÊtsÊgbeesÊsnek hívjÃĄk.

És mi, bhikkhus, a dukkha, ha
kapcsolatban ÃĄll azzal, ami nem elfogadhatÃŗ? Ami a formÃĄkat, hangokat,
ízeket, szagokat, testi jelensÊgeket Ês mentÃĄlis jelensÊgeket illeti,
ezek nem tetszetÃĩsek, nem Êlvezetesek, kellemetlenek, mÃĄskÃŧlÃļnben azok,
akik hÃĄtrÃĄnyt akarnak, azok, akik vesztesÊget akarnak, azok, akik
kellemetlensÊget akarnak, akik vÃĄgyakoznak arra, hogy megszabaduljanak a
kÃļtődÊstől, talÃĄlkozÃĄstÃŗl, tÃĄrsulÃĄstÃŗl, egyÃŧttlÊtÊtől Ês
talÃĄlkozÃĄsuktÃŗl: ezt a bhikkhus-t nevezzÃŧk annak, hogy
ÃļsszekapcsolÃŗdjunk azzal, ami nem Êrthető.

És mi, bhikkhus, mi a
dukkha elvÃĄlasztÃĄsa attÃŗl, ami elfogadhatÃŗ? Ami a formÃĄkat, a hangokat,
az ízeket, a szagokat, a testi jelensÊgeket Ês a mentÃĄlis jelensÊgeket
illeti, azok vannak kellemes, Êlvezetes, kellemes, vagy egyÊbkÊnt azok,
akik valamelyik előnyre vÃĄgynak, azok, akik valaki javÃĄra vÃĄgynak, azok,
akik kÊnyelmet akarnak, azok, akik vÃĄgyakozzanak arra, hogy
megszabaduljanak a kÃļtődÊsből, ne talÃĄlkozzanak, ne csatlakozzanak
egymÃĄshoz, ne legyenek egyÃŧtt, Ês ne talÃĄlkozzanak velÃŧk: ezt,
bhikkhus-t nevezzÃŧk dukkhÃĄnak, ha elvÃĄlik attÃŗl, ami elfogadhatÃŗ.


És mi, bhikkhus, az a dukkha, hogy nem kapja meg azt, amit akar? A
lÊnyekben a bhikkhusnak, a szÃŧletÊsi tulajdonsÃĄggal rendelkező, ilyen
kívÃĄnsÃĄg merÃŧl fel: “Ó, valÃŗban, lehet, hogy nincsen jāti szÃĄmunkra, Ês
valÃŗban, ha nem jÃļnnek a jāti”. De ezt nem kívÃĄnÃĄssal lehet elÊrni. Ez
az a dukkha, hogy nem kapjuk meg azt, amit akar.

A lÊnyekben a
bhikkhus, az ÃļregedÊsre jellemző tulajdonsÃĄggal felmerÃŧl egy ilyen
kívÃĄnsÃĄg: “Ó, valÃŗban, lehet, hogy nincs jarā nekÃŧnk, Ês valÃŗban, ha nem
jÃļnÃŧnk a jarāba.” De ezt nem kívÃĄnÃĄssal lehet elÊrni. Ez az a dukkha,
hogy nem kapjuk meg azt, amit akar.

A lÊnyekben a bhikkhus,
amelynek a betegsÊgre jellemző tulajdonsÃĄga, felmerÃŧl egy ilyen
kívÃĄnsÃĄg: “Ó, valÃŗban, nem lehet betegsÊg szÃĄmunkra, Ês valÃŗban, ha nem
jÃĄrunk betegsÊggel.” De ezt nem akarjuk elÊrni. Ez az a dukkha, hogy nem
kapjuk meg azt, amit akar.

A lÊnyekben a bhikkhus, az ÃļregedÊs
jellemzőjÊvel, felmerÃŧl egy ilyen kívÃĄnsÃĄg: “Ó, valÃŗban, lehet, hogy
nincsenÃŧnk maraṇa szÃĄmunkra, Ês valÃŗban, ha nem jÃļnÃŧnk maraáš‡ÃĄhoz.” De
ezt nem kívÃĄnÃĄssal lehet elÊrni. Ez az a dukkha, hogy nem kapjuk meg
azt, amit akar.

A bhikkhus lÊnyekben a bÃĄnatra, a siralomra, a
dukkhara, a domanasszÃĄra Ês a szorongÃĄsra jellemző ilyen vÃĄgy felmerÃŧl:
“Ó, valÃŗban nem lehetnek nekÃŧnk szomorÃēsÃĄg, siralom, dukkha, domanassa
Ês szorongÃĄs, Ês valÃŗban, ha nem bÃĄnat, siralom, dukkha, domanassa Ês
szorongÃĄs. ” De ezt nem kívÃĄnÃĄssal lehet elÊrni. Ez az a dukkha, hogy
nem kapjuk meg azt, amit akar.

És mi, bhikkhus, rÃļviden az Ãļt
upādānakkhandha? Ezek a kÃļvetkezők: a rÅĢpa upādānakkhandha, a vedanā
upādānakkhandha, a saÃąÃąÄ upādānakkhandha, a saṅkhāra upādānakkhandha, a
viÃąÃąÄáš‡a upādānakkhandha. Ezeket rÃļviden, bhikkhus-nak hívjÃĄk, az Ãļt
upādānakkhandhas.

Ezt hívjÃĄk, bhikkhus, dukkha ariyasacca

E2. Samudayasacca kiÃĄllítÃĄsa


És mi, bhikkhus, a dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Ez a taṇhā vezet az
ÃējjÃĄszÃŧletÊshez, kapcsolÃŗdva a vÃĄgyhoz Ês az Êlvezethez, Ês ÃļrÃļmÃļt
talÃĄlva itt vagy ott, azaz: kāma-taṇhā, bhava-taṇhā Ês vibhava-taṇhā. De
ez a taṇhā, bhikkhus, amikor felmerÃŧl, hol merÃŧl fel, Ês mikor
telepedik le, hol rendezi? Ebben a vilÃĄgban, amely kellemesnek Ês
kellemesnek tÅąnik, ott jÃļn lÊtre a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, ahol
letelepedik.

És mi a kellemes Ês kellemes a vilÃĄgon? A szem a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A fÃŧl a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor leÃŧlepedik. Az orr a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leÃŧl. A nyelv a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leÃŧl. A kÃĄja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor letelepÃŧl. A mana a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl.


A lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄk a vilÃĄgon kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a taṇha,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A
vilÃĄg hangjai kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl,
felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik. A illatok kellemesek Ês
kellemesek a vilÃĄgban, ott a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott,
amikor letelepedik, letelepedik. Az ízek a vilÃĄgon kellemesek Ês
kellemesek, ott a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
letelepedik, letelepedik. A testi jelensÊgek kellemesek Ês kellemesek a
vilÃĄgon, ott a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor leteleped. A vilÃĄgban a dhammÃĄk kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a
taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik.


A szem-viÃąÃąÄa a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A fÃŧl-viÃąÃąÄa
a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. Az orr-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a a vilÃĄgban
kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott,
amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A nyelv-viÃąÃąáš‡a a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor letelepÃŧl. A vilÃĄgban a kÃĄya-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, elhelyezi. A
Mana-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, elhelyezi.

A
szem-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A
fÃŧl-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. Az
orr-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A
nyelv-samphassa a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A
Kāya-samphassa a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl. A
Mana-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl.

A
szem-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanā a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
letelepedik. A fÃŧl-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanā kellemes Ês kellemes, a
taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, akkor felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor telepedik le,
telepedik le. Az orr-samphassÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanā a vilÃĄgban kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, akkor felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
telepedik le, telepedik le. A nyelv-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanÃĄ a
vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor leteleped, akkor letelepedik. A vilÃĄgban a
kāya-samphassa-ban szÃŧletett vedanā kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepÃŧl, letelepedik. A
mana-samphassa-ban szÃŧletett vedanā a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott
a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik,
letelepedik.

A vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄinak saÃąÃąÄ kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor letelepÃŧl. A vilÃĄg hangjainak saÃąÃąÄ kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
letelepÃŧl. A szagok saÃąÃąÄ a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, leÃŧlepedik. Az ízek
saÃąÃąÄ a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl,
felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, elrendez. A testi jelensÊgek saÃąÃąÄ a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik. A Dhammas saÃąÃąÄ a vilÃĄgon kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
leteleped, akkor letelepÃŧl.

A vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄival
[kapcsolatos] szÃĄndÊk kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taṇhā, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A vilÃĄg
hangjaihoz kapcsolÃŗdÃŗ (szÃĄndÊkos) szÃĄndÊk kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a
taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
leteleped. A szagok [kapcsolÃŗdÃŗ] szÃĄndÊka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, akkor merÃŧl fel, ott, amikor
leteleped, akkor leteleped. A vilÃĄgban az ízlÊshez kapcsolÃŗdÃŗ szÃĄndÊk
kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott,
amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A vilÃĄgon a testi jelensÊgekkel
kapcsolatos szÃĄndÊk kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taṇhā, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A dhammÃĄkkal
kapcsolatos szÃĄndÊk a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taṇhā,
amikor felmerÃŧl, akkor merÃŧl fel, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
leteleped.

A ta visiblehā a vilÃĄgban lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄkhoz kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
leteleped, akkor letelepedik. A hangok taṇhā a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott amikor a taṇhā felmerÃŧl, akkor felmerÃŧl, ott pedig
letelepedik. A taṇhā a szagok szÃĄmÃĄra a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
leÃŧlepedik. A taṇhā az ízekre a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik. A
taṇhā a testi jelensÊgekre a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a
taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik. A
tahhÃĄk a dhammÃĄk szÃĄmÃĄra a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor letelepedik, letelepedik.

A
lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄk vitaka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha,
amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leteleped. A
hangok vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor leÃŧl. A szagok vitakka a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl,
ott, amikor letelepedik, leÃŧlepedik. Az ízek vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
letelepedik, letelepedik. A testi jelensÊgek vitaka a vilÃĄgon kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor
letelepedik, letelepedik. A dhammÃĄk vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor letelepÃŧl.

A vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄinak vikÃĄrÃĄja kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped,
akkor letelepÃŧl. A hangok vicÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott
a taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
letelepÃŧl. A szagok vikÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
leÃŧlepedik. Az ízek vicÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
leteleped. A testi jelensÊgek vikÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taṇhā, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
letelepÃŧl. A vilÃĄgban a dhammÃĄk vikÃĄrÃĄja kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇha, amikor felmerÃŧl, felmerÃŧl, ott, amikor leteleped, akkor
letelepÃŧl. Ezt hívjÃĄk, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ samudaya ariyasacca.

E3. Nirodhasacca kiÃĄllítÃĄsa


És mi, bhikkhus, a dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Ez a taṇhā vezet az
ÃējjÃĄszÃŧletÊshez, kapcsolÃŗdva a vÃĄgyhoz Ês az Êlvezethez, Ês ÃļrÃļmÃļt
talÃĄlva itt vagy ott, azaz: kāma-taṇhā, bhava-taṇhā Ês vibhava-taṇhā. De
ez a taṇhā, bhikkhus, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, hol hagyjÃĄk el, Ês amikor
megszÅąnik, hol szÅąnik meg? Ebben a vilÃĄgban, amely kellemesnek Ês
kellemesnek tÅąnik, ott hagyjÃĄk el a taṇhÃĄt, ahol megszÅąnik, amikor
megszÅąnik.

És mi a kellemes Ês kellemes a vilÃĄgon? A szem a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja,
ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A fÃŧl a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. Az orr a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A nyelv a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk,
ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgban a kÃĄya kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Mana a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha,
amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.

A
vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄi kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a taṇha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄg hangjai
kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A illatok kellemesek Ês kellemesek a
vilÃĄgon, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az ízek a vilÃĄgon kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a
taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
testi jelensÊgek a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgban a
dhammÃĄk kellemesek Ês kellemesek, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk,
elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.

A eye-viÃąÃąÄa a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk,
ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A fÃŧl-viÃąÃąÄa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az orr-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A nyelv-viÃąÃąÄa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā,
amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
vilÃĄgban a kÃĄya-viÃąÃąÄ pleasanta kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā,
amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
Mana-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.

A
szem-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A fÃŧl-samphassa a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja,
ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az orr-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A nyelv-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgban a Kāya-samphassa kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
Mana-samphassa a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.

A
szem-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanā a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
fÃŧl-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanā a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az
orr-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanā a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
nyelv-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanÃĄ a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
vilÃĄgban a kÃĄja-samphasÃĄbÃŗl szÃŧletett vedanā kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
mana-samphassa-ban szÃŧletett vedanā a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott
a taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.


A vilÃĄgban lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄk saÃąÃąÄ kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha,
amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄg
hangjainak saÃąÃąÄ kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk,
elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A szagok saÃąÃąÄ a vilÃĄgon
kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az ízek szanja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A testi jelensÊgek szanja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A Dhammas saÃąÃąÄ a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik.

A vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄival [kapcsolatos] szÃĄndÊk
kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄg hangjaihoz kapcsolÃŗdÃŗ szÃĄndÊk
kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A szagok [kapcsolatos] szÃĄndÊka a vilÃĄgon
kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgban az ízlÊshez kapcsolÃŗdÃŗ szÃĄndÊk
kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott,
amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgon a testi jelensÊgekkel kapcsolatos
szÃĄndÊk kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk,
elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A vilÃĄgban a dhammÃĄkkal
kapcsolatos szÃĄndÊk kellemes Ês elfogadhatÃŗ, ott a taṇha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.

A ta
visiblehā a vilÃĄgon lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄk szÃĄmÃĄra kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A
vilÃĄg hangjaihoz tartozÃŗ taṇhā kellemes Ês kellemes, a taṇhā, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A szagok taṇhā-ja
kellemes Ês kellemes, a taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A taṇhā az ízekre a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A test jelensÊgeinek taṇhā a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A tahhÃĄ a dhammÃĄk szÃĄmÃĄra a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik.

A lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄk vitaka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês
kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A hangok vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A szagok vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha,
amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az ízek
vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk,
elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A testi jelensÊgek vitakÃĄja a
vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja,
ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A dhammas vitakka a vilÃĄgon kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taṇhā, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik.

A vilÃĄg lÃĄthatÃŗ formÃĄinak vikÃĄrÃĄja kellemes
Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor
megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A hangok vicÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes,
ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik,
megszÅąnik. A szagok vikÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgon kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a
taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Az
ízek vicÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A testi
jelensÊgek vikÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor
elhagyjÃĄk, elhagyja, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. A dhammas
vikÃĄrÃĄja a vilÃĄgban kellemes Ês kellemes, ott a taṇha, amikor elhagyjÃĄk,
elhagyjÃĄk, ott, amikor megszÅąnik, megszÅąnik. Ezt hívjÃĄk, bhikkhus, a
dukkha ¡ nirodha ariyasacca.

E4. Maggasacca kiÃĄllítÃĄsa

És
mi, bhikkhus, a dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gāminÄĢ paáš­ipadā ariyasacca? Éppen ez
az ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga, azaz sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā,
sammākammanto, sammā-ājÄĢvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati Ês sammāsamādhi.


És mi, bhikkhus, a sammādiáš­áš­hi? Ez a bhikkhus, amely a dukkha ÃąÄáš‡a, a
dukkha-samudaya ÃąÄáš‡a, a dukkha-nirodha ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a dukkha-nirodha-gāmini
paáš­ipada ÃąÄáš‡a, azaz bhikkhus, sammādiáš­áš­hi.

És mi, bhikkhus, a
sammāsaṅkappÃĄk? A bhikkhusokat, amelyek a nekkhamma saṅkappas, az
abyāpāda saṅkappas, az avihiṃsā saṅkappas, ezeket bhikkhus,
sammāsaṅkappasnak hívjÃĄk.

És mi, bhikkhus, a sammāvācā? Ez a
bhikkhus, amely tartÃŗzkodik a musāvādā, tartÃŗzkodik a pisuṇa vācā-tÃŗl,
tartÃŗzkodik a pharusa vācā-tÃŗl, Ês tartÃŗzkodik a samphappalāpa-tÃŗl, az
Ãēgynevezett bhikkhus, sammāvācā.

És mi, bhikkhus, a
sammā-kammanta? Ez, bhikkhus, amely tartÃŗzkodik a pāṇātipāta-tÃŗl,
tartÃŗzkodik adinnādānÃĄtÃŗl, tartÃŗzkodik abrahmacariya-tÃŗl, azaz bhikkhus,
sammā-kammanta.

És mi, bhikkhus, a sammā-ājÄĢva? Itt a bhikkhus,
egy nemes tanítvÃĄny, aki elhagyta a helytelen megÊlhetÊst, megfelelő
megÊlhetÊsi eszkÃļzÃļkkel tÃĄmogatja ÊletÊt, azaz bhikkhus, sammā-ājÄĢva.


És mi, bhikkhus, a sammāvāyāma? Itt, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu generÃĄlja
chandajÃĄt a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli pāpaka Ês akusala dhammasok nem
felmerÃŧlÊsÊre, gyakorolja magÃĄt, viriya felkeltÊsÊt, erőteljesen
alkalmazza citÊtÃĄjÃĄt Ês tÃļrekszik; generÃĄlja chandajÃĄt a felbukkanÃŗ
pāpaka Ês az akusala dhamma elhagyÃĄsÃĄra, gyakorolja magÃĄt, viriya
felkelt, erőteljesen alkalmazza citÊtÃĄjÃĄt Ês tÃļrekszik; generÃĄlja
chandajÃĄt a feltÃĄmadÃĄs nÊlkÃŧli kusala dhammasok kialakulÃĄsÃĄra,
gyakorolja magÃĄt, viriyÃĄjÃĄt felkelt, erőteljesen alkalmazza citÊtjÃĄt Ês
tÃļrekszik; generÃĄlja chandajÃĄt a felmerÃŧlt kusala dhammÃĄk kitartÃĄsÃĄÃŠrt,
az ÃļsszetÊvesztÊs hiÃĄnyÃĄÃŠrt, nÃļvekedÊsÊÊrt, fejlődÊsÊÊrt, ÃĄpolÃĄsÃĄÃŠrt Ês
befejezÊsÊÊrt, kihÃēzza magÃĄt, viriyÃĄjÃĄt felÊbreszti, erősen alkalmazza
citÊtjÃĄt Ês tÃļrekszik. Ezt hívjÃĄk, bhikkhus, sammāvāyāma.

Mi az,
bhikkhus, a sammāsati? Itt, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu Ãēgy nÊz ki, mint a kÃĄja,
kājā, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, miutÃĄn abhijjhā-domanassa feladta a
vilÃĄgot. Megfigyeli a vedanÃĄt vedanā, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, Ês
abhijjhā-domanassa feladta a vilÃĄgot. A citta megfigyelÊsÊben lakozik,
ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, amikor abhijjhā-domanassa feladta a vilÃĄgot. A
dhamma megfigyelÊsÊvel lakozik dhamma ¡ s, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, Ês
abhijjhā-domanassa feladta a vilÃĄgot. Ezt hívjÃĄk, bhikkhus, sammāsati.


És mi, bhikkhus, a sammāsamādhi? Itt bhikkhus, egy bhikkhu, levÃĄlasztva
a kāmÃĄtÃŗl, levÃĄlasztÃŗdik az akusala dhammÃĄktÃŗl, miutÃĄn belÊpett az első
jhÃĄnÃĄba, ott marad, vitakka Ês vicāra, piti Ês sukha kÃļtÊsből
szÃŧletett. A vitakka-vicāra csendjÊvel, miutÃĄn belÊpett a mÃĄsodik
jhÃĄnÃĄba, belső tanquilizÃĄciÃŗval, a citta egyesítÊsÊvel, vitakka Ês
vicāra nÊlkÃŧl, a samādhi-bÃŗl szÃŧletett pÄĢti Ês sukha-val maradt fenn. A
pÄĢti irÃĄnti kÃļzÃļmbÃļssÊggel pedig a upekkha, a sato Ês a sampajāno
tartÃŗzkodik, Ês a kÃĄjāban megtapasztalja a szukÃĄt, amelyet az ariyÃĄk
leírnak: „aki egyetÊrtő Ês lelkileg ebben a szukÃĄban lakozik”, miutÃĄn
belÊpett a harmadik jhÃĄnÃĄba, megmarad. abban. A Sukha Ês a dukkha,
somanassa Ês domanassa elhagyÃĄsa, amelyek korÃĄbban eltÅąntek, sukha Ês
dukkha nÊlkÃŧl, a upekkha Ês a sati tisztasÃĄgÃĄval, miutÃĄn belÊpett a
negyedik jhÃĄnÃĄba, ott marad. Ezt hívjÃĄk, bhikkhus, sammāsamādhi.

Ezt bhikkhusnak hívjÃĄk: dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gāminÄĢ paáš­ipadā ariyasacca.


Így a dhammas megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl a dhammÃĄkon belÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a
dhammas dhammas megfigyelÊsen kívÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik, vagy a dhammas dhammas
megfigyelÊsen belÃŧl Ês kívÃŧl tartÃŗzkodik; a dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek
szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy dhammÃĄkban a jelensÊgek elmÃēltÃĄnak
megfigyelÊsÊn, vagy a szamadjaja megfigyelÊsÊn Ês a dhammas jelensÊgek
elmÃēltÃĄn; vagy pedig: [rÃĄjÃļnve:] “ezek dhamÃĄk!” A sati jelen van benne,
csak a puszta ÃąÄáš‡a Ês a puszta paisissati szempontjÃĄbÃŗl, kÃŧlÃļnÃĄllÃŗan Êl,
Ês nem ragaszkodik semmibe a vilÃĄgon. Így a bhikkhus, a bhikkhu a
dhammÃĄk megfigyelÊsÊnÊl, a nÊgy ariya ¡ saccÃĄra hivatkozva.

A Satipaáš­áš­hānas gyakorlÃĄsÃĄnak előnyei


AkÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, hÊt Êven keresztÃŧl gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy
satipaáš­áš­hÃĄnt, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt lehet vÃĄrni: vagy a lÃĄtvÃĄnyos
jelensÊgek [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra,
anāgāmita.

Nem is beszÊlve hÊt Êvről, bhikkhus. BÃĄrki, a
bhikkhus, ezt a nÊgy satipaáš­áš­hÃĄna-t hat Êven keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a kÊt
eredmÊny egyikÊre szÃĄmíthat: vagy a [tÃļkÊletes] ismeretekre a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anāgāmita.


Nem is beszÊlve hat Êvről, bhikkhus. Aki a bhikkhus Ãļt Êvig gyakorolja
ezt a nÊgy satipaáš­áš­hānt, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt lehet vÃĄrni: vagy a
lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgek [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs
balra, anāgāmita.

Nem is beszÊlve Ãļt Êvről, bhikkhus. AkÃĄrki, a
bhikkhus, nÊgy Êven keresztÃŧl gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaáš­áš­hÃĄnt, a kÊt
eredmÊny egyikÊt lehet vÃĄrni: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anāgāmita.


Nem is beszÊlve nÊgy Êvről, bhikkhus. BÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, ezt a nÊgy
satipaāhannÃĄt hÃĄrom Êven keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊre
szÃĄmíthat: vagy a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgek [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete, vagy ha van
valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anāgāmita.

Nem is beszÊlve hÃĄrom Êvről,
bhikkhus. BÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, ezt a nÊgy satipaāhannÃĄt kÊt Êven
keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgek [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra,
anāgāmita.

Nem is beszÊlve kÊt Êvről, bhikkhus. AkÃĄrki, a
bhikkhus, gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy szatpapahhÃĄnt egy Êven keresztÃŧl, a kÊt
eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anāgāmita.


Nem is beszÊlve egy Êvről, bhikkhus. Aki a bhikkhus hÊt hÃŗnapon
keresztÃŧl gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaáš­áš­hÃĄnt, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt
lehet vÃĄrni: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben, vagy ha
van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anāgāmita.

Nem is beszÊlve hÊt
hÃŗnaprÃŗl, bhikkhus. Aki a bhikkhus ezt a nÊgy szatpapahhÃĄnt gyakorolja
hat hÃŗnapon keresztÃŧl, a kÊt eredmÊny kÃļzÃŧl az egyik vÃĄrhatÃŗ: vagy
[tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen
tapadÃĄs balra, anāgāmita.

Nem is beszÊlve hat hÃŗnaprÃŗl, bhikkhus.
AkÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaáš­áš­hÃĄnt Ãļt hÃŗnapon
keresztÃŧl, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a
lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anāgāmita.


Nem is beszÊlve Ãļt hÃŗnaprÃŗl, bhikkhus. AkÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, nÊgy hÃŗnapon
keresztÃŧl gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaáš­áš­hÃĄnt, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt
lehet vÃĄrni: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben, vagy ha
van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anāgāmita.

Ne hagyva, nÊgy hÃŗnap,
bhikkhus. BÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, ezt a nÊgy satipaāhannÃĄt hÃĄrom hÃŗnapon
keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgek [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra,
anāgāmita.

Nem is beszÊlve hÃĄrom hÃŗnaprÃŗl, bhikkhus. BÃĄrki, a
bhikkhus, ezt a nÊgy satipaāhÃĄna-t kÊt hÃŗnapon keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a
kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ
jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anāgāmita.


Nem is beszÊlve, kÊt hÃŗnap, bhikkhus. Aki a bhikkhus ezt a nÊgy
szatpapahhÃĄnt egy hÃŗnapon keresztÃŧl gyakorolja, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt
vÃĄrhatja: vagy a lÃĄtvÃĄnyos jelensÊgek tÃļkÊletes ismerete, vagy ha van
valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anāgāmita.

Ne hagyva egy hÃŗnapot,
bhikkhus. AkÃĄrki, a bhikkhus, gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaáš­áš­hannÃĄt fÊl
hÃŗnapon keresztÃŧl, a kÊt eredmÊny egyikÊt vÃĄrhatja: vagy [tÃļkÊletes]
ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben, vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra,
anāgāmita.

Nem is beszÊlve fÊl hÃŗnaprÃŗl, bhikkhus. AkÃĄrki, a
bhikkhus, egy hÊten gyakorolja ezt a nÊgy satipaáš­áš­hÃĄnt, így vÃĄrhatÃŗ a
kÊt eredmÊny egyike: vagy [tÃļkÊletes] ismerete a lÃĄthatÃŗ jelensÊgekben,
vagy ha van valamilyen tapadÃĄs balra, anāgāmita.

“Ez a bhikkhus
az, ami a lÊnyek megtisztulÃĄsÃĄhoz, a szomorÃēsÃĄg Ês a siralom
legyőzÊsÊhez, a dukkha-domanassa eltÅąnÊsÊhez, a helyes Ãēt elÊrÊsÊhez, a
Nibbāna megvalÃŗsulÃĄsÃĄhoz vezet, vagyis a lÊnyek megtisztulÃĄsÃĄhoz, a
fÃĄjdalom Ês a siralom legyőzÊsÊhez, azaz a nÊgy satipaáš­áš­hānas.” Így
mondtÃĄk, Ês mindezek alapjÃĄn elmondtÃĄk.

Így beszÊlt a Bhagavā. ÖrÃļmmel fogadta a bhikkhus a Bhagavā szavait.



in 01) Classical Magahi Magadhi,
02) Classical Chandaso language,


03)Magadhi Prakrit,

04) Classical Hela Basa (Hela Language),


05) Classical Pāḡi

06) Classical Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- ā¤ļā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤āĨā¤°āĨ€ā¤¯ ā¤šā¤ŋ⤂ā¤ĻāĨ€,
07) Classical Cyrillic
08) Classical Afrikaans– Klassieke Afrikaans

09) Classical Albanian-Shqiptare klasike,
10) Classical Amharic-አንጋፋዊ አማርኛ,
11) Classical Arabic-Ø§Ų„Ų„ØēØŠ Ø§Ų„ØšØąØ¨ŲŠØŠ Ø§Ų„ŲØĩØ­Ų‰
12) Classical Armenian-Õ¤ÕĄÕŊÕĄÕ¯ÕĄÕļ Õ°ÕĄÕĩÕĨրÕĨÕļ,
13) Classical Azerbaijani- Klassik Azərbaycan,
14) Classical Basque- Euskal klasikoa,
15) Classical Belarusian-КĐģĐ°ŅŅ–Ņ‡ĐŊĐ°Ņ ĐąĐĩĐģĐ°Ņ€ŅƒŅĐēĐ°Ņ,
16) Classical Bengali-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž,
17) Classical  Bosnian-Klasični bosanski,
18) Classical Bulgaria- КĐģĐ°ŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐĩҁĐēи ĐąŅŠĐģĐŗĐ°Ņ€ŅĐē,
19) Classical  Catalan-Català clàssic
20) Classical Cebuano-Klase sa Sugbo,

21) Classical Chichewa-Chikale cha Chichewa,

22) Classical Chinese (Simplified)-古典中文īŧˆįŽ€äŊ“īŧ‰,

23) Classical Chinese (Traditional)-古典中文īŧˆįšéĢ”īŧ‰,

24) Classical Corsican-Corsa Corsicana,

25) Classical  Croatian-Klasična hrvatska,

26) Classical  Czech-KlasickÃĄ čeÅĄtina,
27) Classical  Danish-Klassisk dansk,Klassisk dansk,

28) Classical  Dutch- Klassiek Nederlands,
29) Classical English,Roman
30) Classical Esperanto-Klasika Esperanto,

31) Classical Estonian- klassikaline eesti keel,

32) Classical Filipino klassikaline filipiinlane,
33) Classical Finnish- Klassinen suomalainen,

34) Classical French- Français classique,

35) Classical Frisian- Klassike Frysk,

36) Classical Galician-ClÃĄsico galego,
37) Classical Georgian-áƒ™áƒšáƒáƒĄáƒ˜áƒ™áƒŖáƒ áƒ˜ áƒĨáƒáƒ áƒ—áƒŖáƒšáƒ˜,
38) Classical German- Klassisches Deutsch,
39) Classical Greek-ΚÎģÎąĪƒĪƒÎšÎēÎŦ ΕÎģÎģΡÎŊΚÎēÎŦ,
40) Classical Gujarati-āĒ•āĢāǞāĒžāǏāĒŋāĒ•āǞ āĒ—ā́āǜāǰāĒžāǤāĢ€,
41) Classical Haitian Creole-Klasik kreyÃ˛l,

42) Classical Hausa-Hausa Hausa,
43) Classical Hawaiian-Hawaiian Hawaiian,

44) Classical Hebrew- ×ĸברי×Ē ×§×œ××Ą×™×Ē
45) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,

46) Classical Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,

47) Classical Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
48) Classical Igbo,Klassískt Igbo,

49) Classical Indonesian-Bahasa Indonesia Klasik,

50) Classical Irish-IndinÊisis Clasaiceach,
51) Classical Italian-Italiano classico,
52) Classical Japanese-å¤å…¸įš„ãĒイã‚ŋãƒĒã‚ĸčĒž,
53) Classical Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
54) Classical Kannada- ā˛ļā˛žā˛¸āŗā˛¤āŗā˛°āŗ€ā˛¯ ā˛•ā˛¨āŗā˛¨ā˛Ą,
55) Classical Kazakh-КĐģĐ°ŅŅĐ¸ĐēаĐģҋԛ Ō›Đ°ĐˇĐ°Ō›,

56) Classical Khmer- ខ្មែរបážģរážļណ,
57) Classical Korean-ęŗ ė „ 한ęĩ­ė–´,

58) Classical Kurdish (Kurmanji)-KurdÃŽ (KurmancÃŽ),

59) Classical Kyrgyz-КĐģĐ°ŅŅĐ¸ĐēаĐģŅ‹Đē ĐšŅ‹Ņ€ĐŗŅ‹Đˇ,
60) Classical Lao-āē„āēĨāē˛āēĒāēĒāē´āēāēĨāē˛āē§,
61) Classical Latin-LXII) Classical Latin,

62) Classical Latvian-Klasiskā latvieÅĄu valoda,

63) Classical Lithuanian-Klasikinė lietuviÅŗ kalba,

64) Classical Luxembourgish-Klassesch LÃĢtzebuergesch,

65) Classical Macedonian-КĐģĐ°ŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐĩĐŊ ĐŧаĐēĐĩĐ´ĐžĐŊҁĐēи,
66) Classical Malagasy,ĐēĐģĐ°ŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐĩĐŊ ĐŧаĐģĐŗĐ°ŅˆĐēи,
67) Classical Malay-Melayu Klasik,

68) Classical Malayalam-ā´•āĩā´˛ā´žā´¸ā´ŋā´•āĩā´•āĩŊ ā´Žā´˛ā´¯ā´žā´ŗā´‚,

69) Classical Maltese-Klassiku Malti,
70) Classical Maori-Maori Maori,
71) Classical Marathi-⤕āĨā¤˛ā¤žā¤¸ā¤ŋ⤕⤞ ā¤Žā¤žā¤“ā¤°āĨ€,
72) Classical Mongolian-ĐĄĐžĐŊĐŗĐžĐ´ĐžĐŗ МоĐŊĐŗĐžĐģ,

73) Classical Myanmar (Burmese)-Classical မá€ŧနá€ēမá€Ŧ (ဗမá€Ŧ),

74) Classical Nepali-ā¤ļā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤āĨā¤°āĨ€ā¤¯ ā¤ŽāĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤‚ā¤Žā¤žā¤° (ā¤Ŧ⤰āĨā¤Žā¤ž),
75) Classical Norwegian-Klassisk norsk,

76) Classical Pashto- ŲŧŲˆŲ„ÚĢی ŲžÚšØĒ؈

77) Classical Persian-ÚŠŲ„Ø§ØŗÛŒÚŠ ŲØ§ØąØŗÛŒ
78) Classical Polish-Język klasyczny polski,

79) Classical Portuguese-PortuguÃĒs ClÃĄssico,
80) Classical Punjabi-ā¨•ā¨˛ā¨žā¨¸āŠ€ā¨•ā¨˛ ā¨ĒāŠ°ā¨œā¨žā¨ŦāŠ€,
81) Classical Romanian-Clasic romÃĸnesc,
82) Classical Russian-КĐģĐ°ŅŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐĩҁĐēиК Ņ€ŅƒŅŅĐēиК,
83) Classical Samoan-Samoan Samoa,

84) Classical Sanskrit ⤛āĨā¤˛ā¤¸āĨā¤¸ā¤ŋ⤚⤞āĨ ⤎⤍āĨā¤¸āĨā¤•āĨā¤°ā¤ŋ⤤āĨ

85) Classical Scots Gaelic-Gàidhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,

86) Classical Serbian-КĐģĐ°ŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐŊи ҁҀĐŋҁĐēи,
87) Classical Sesotho-Seserbia ea boholo-holo,
88) Classical Shona-Shona Shona,
89) Classical Sindhi,
90) Classical Sinhala-⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļˇāˇāˇ€āˇŠāļē āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄āļŊ,
91) Classical Slovak-KlasickÃŊ slovenskÃŊ,
92) Classical Slovenian-Klasična slovenska,
93) Classical Somali-Soomaali qowmiyadeed,
94) Classical Spanish-EspaÃąol clÃĄsico,
95) Classical Sundanese-Sunda Klasik,
96) Classical Swahili,Kiswahili cha Classical,
97) Classical Swedish-Klassisk svensk,
98) Classical Tajik-Ņ‚ĐžŌˇĐ¸ĐēĶŖ ĐēĐģĐ°ŅŅĐ¸ĐēĶŖ,
99) Classical Tamil-āŽĒāŽžāŽ°āŽŽā¯āŽĒāŽ°āŽŋāŽ¯ āŽ‡āŽšā¯ˆāŽ¤ā¯āŽ¤āŽŽāŽŋāŽ´ā¯ āŽšā¯†āŽŽā¯āŽŽā¯ŠāŽ´āŽŋ,
100) Classical Telugu- ā°•āąā°˛ā°žā°¸ā°ŋā°•ā°˛āą ā°¤āą†ā°˛āąā°—āą,
101) Classical Thai-ā¸ ā¸˛ā¸Šā¸˛āš„ā¸—ā¸ĸ⏄ā¸Ĩ⏞ā¸Ēā¸Ē⏴⏁,
102) Classical Turkish-Klasik TÃŧrk,
103) Classical Ukrainian-КĐģĐ°ŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐŊиК ҃ĐēŅ€Đ°Ņ—ĐŊҁҌĐēиК,
104) Classical Urdu- ÚŠŲ„Ø§ØŗÛŒÚŠÛŒ Ø§ØąØ¯Ųˆ
105) Classical Uzbek-Klassik o’z
106) Classical Vietnamese-Tiáēŋng Viáģ‡


107) Classical Welsh-Cymraeg Clasurol,
108) Classical Xhosa-IsiXhosa zesiXhosa,
109) Classical Yiddish- קלאסיש×ĸ ייִדיש

110) Classical Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,

111) Classical Zulu-I-Classical Zulu





























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http://www.orgsites.com/oh/awakenedone/





Awakeness Practices







All
84,000 Khandas As Found in the Pali Suttas Traditionally the are 84,000
Dharma Doors - 84,000 ways to get Awakeness. Maybe so; certainly the
Buddha taught a large number of practices that lead to Awakeness. This
web page attempts to catalogue those found in the Pali Suttas (DN, MN,
SN, AN, Ud & Sn 1). There are 3 sections:







The
discourses of Buddha are divided into 84,000, as to separate addresses.
The division includes all that was spoken by Buddha.”I received from
Buddha,” said Ananda, “82,000 Khandas, and  from the priests 2000; these
are 84,000 Khandas
maintained by me.” They are divided into 275,250, as to the stanzas of
the original text, and into 361,550, as to the stanzas of the
commentary. All the discourses including both those of Buddha and those
of the commentator, are divided  into 2,547 banawaras, containing
737,000 stanzas, and 29,368,000 separate letters.

ESSENCE OF TIPITAKA



Positive Buddha Vacana — The words of the Buddha — Interested in All
Suttas  of Tipitaka as Episodes in visual format including 7D laser
Hologram 360 degree Circarama presentation

from

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Please Visit: http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPydLZ0cavc
for
Maha-parinibbana Sutta — Last Days of the Buddha

The Great Discourse on the Total Unbinding

This wide-ranging sutta, the
longest one in the Pali canon, describes the events leading up to,
during, and immediately following the death and final release
(parinibbana) of the Buddha. This colorful narrative contains a wealth
of Dhamma teachings, including the Buddha’s final instructions that
defined how Buddhism would be lived and practiced long after the
Buddha’s death — even to this day. But this sutta also depicts, in
simple language, the poignant human drama that unfolds among
the Buddha’s many devoted followers around the time of the death of their beloved teacher.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDkKT54WbJ4
for
Mahāsatipaᚭᚭhānasuttaᚃ (Pali) - 2 Kāyānupassanā ānāpānapabbaᚃ

http://www.buddha-vacana.org/sutta/digha.html
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Political
Science-Techno-Politico-Socio Transformation and Economic Emancipation
Movement (TPSTEEM). Struggle hard to see that all fraud EVMs are
replaced by paper ballots by Start using Internet of things by creating
Websites,blogs. Make the best use of facebook, twitter etc., to
propagate TPSTEEMthru FOA1TRPUVF.

Practice Insight Meditation in all postures of the body - Sitting, standing, lying, walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, martial arts etc., for health mind in a healthy body.

When
a just born baby is kept isolated without anyone communicating with the
baby, after a few days it will speak and human natural (Prakrit)
language known as
Classical Magahi Magadhi/Classical Chandaso language/Magadhi Prakrit/Classical Hela Basa (Hela Language)/Classical Pali which are the same. Buddha spoke in Magadhi. All the 7111 languages and dialects are off shoot of Classical
Magahi Magadhi. Hence all of them are Classical in nature (Prakrit) of
Human Beings, just like all other living spieces have their own natural
languages for communication. 111 languages are translated by https://translate.google.com


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02/27/20
LESSON 3288 Fri 28 Feb 2020 Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING from KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT! Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice. VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS) Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist) All Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch) Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta — Attendance on awareness — in 45) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
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LESSON  3288 Fri  28 Feb 2020


Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING

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VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS)

Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)


All Aboriginal  Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch)


Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta — Attendance on awareness — in 45) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,


Mahāsatipaᚭᚭhāna Sutta - Koom nrog paub - nrog cov duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Buddha Buddha Classic Hmong- Lus Hmoob,

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqD1-Xi1ioA
Mahasatipatthana Sutta

(9d Yogi
843 tus neeg yuav khoom
Hu nkauj ntawm Mahāsatipaᚭᚭhāna Sutta,
Qeb
Tsis Yog Haujlwm & Kev Nqes Tes Ua
Ntawv Tso Cai
Daim Ntawv Tso Cai Muab Kev Sib Koom (Attons Attribution)
Tau qhov twg los cov yeeb yaj kiab
Saib cov ntaus nqi
Mahāsatipaᚭᚭhāna Sutta - Koom nrog paub txog-hauv, 29) Lus Askiv Qib, Roman,

Sutta qhov no yog dav xav tias yog qhov siv rau kev xyaum ua.
Taw qhia

I. Kev Soj Ntsuam ntawm Kāya
A. Ntu nyob rau ānāpāna
B. Ntu ntawm kev nyob ua haujlwm
C. Ntu ntawm sampajaÃąÃąa
D. Seem ntawm kev qias
E. Ntu Ntawm Cov Ntsiab Lus
F. Tshooj ntawm cuaj lub thaj av roj av

II. Soj ntsuam ntawm Vedanā

III. Kev Soj Ntsuam ntawm Citta

IV. Soj ntsuam ntawm Dhammas
A. Tshooj ntawm N thevaraṇas
B. Ntu nyob rau Khandhas
C. Ntu nyob rau Qhov Chaw Ntseg
D. Ntu ntawm Bojjhaṅgas
E. Seem ntawm Qhov Tseeb
E1. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Dukkhasacca
E2. Kev siv ntawm Samudayasacca
E3. Raug ntawm Nirodhasacca
E4. Raug ntawm Maggasacca

Taw qhia

Kuv tau hnov:
Muaj ib lub sijhawm, Bhagavā tau nyob nrog cov neeg Kurus ntawm
Kammāsadhamma, lub nroog lag luam ntawm Kurus. Nyob ntawd, nws hais cov
lus bhikkhus:
- Bhikkhus.– Bhaddante teb cov bhikkhus. Lub Bhagavā hais tias:
- Qhov no, bhikkhus, yog txoj kev uas ua rau tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis
huv huv ntawm quavntsej, kov yeej kev quaj ntsuag thiab lamentation, kev
ploj mus ntawm dukkha-domanassa, kev muaj ntawm txoj kev yog, paub txog
Nibbāna, uas yog hais plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas.

Plaub twg? Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno,
satimā, tau muab abhijjhā-domanassa rau lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm
vedanā hauv vedanā, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, tau muab tso tseg
abhijjhā-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm citta hauv
citta, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, tau tso tseg abhijjhā-domanassa ntawm
lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm dhamma in s hauv dhamma ¡ s, ātāpÄĢ
sampajāno, satimā, tau tso tseg abhijjhā-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

I. Kāyānupassanā

A. Ntu nyob rau ānāpāna


Thiab yuav ua li cas, bhikkhus, puas yog bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya
hauv kāya? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, tau mus rau tom hav zoov lossis
tau ploj mus ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tsob ntoo lossis tau ploj mus rau
hauv chav khoob, zaum khoov ntawm ob txhais ceg crosswise, teem kāya
tsa sawv, thiab teeb tsa sati parimukhaᚃ. Ua li sato nws nqus pa, ua li
sato nws nqus tawm. Ua pa rau ntev nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa nyob ntev’;
kev ua pa tawm ntev nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa tawm ntev’; ua pa luv nws
nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa luv’; ua pa tawm luv nws to taub: ‘Kuv ua tsis
taus pa tawm luv’; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov ​​qhov tseem
kāya, Kuv yuav ua pa hauv ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov ​​tag
nrho kāya, Kuv yuav ua pa tawm ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub
calming cia lub kāya-saṅkhāras, kuv yuav ua pa nyob rau hauv ‘; nws cob
qhia nws tus kheej: lub calming hauv kāya-saṅkhāras, kuv yuav ua pa tawm
‘.

Ib yam li, bhikkhus, tus txawj tshaj lij lossis tus tig rau
tes ua haujlwm, ua lub sijhawm ntev, to taub: ‘Kuv ua lub lem ntev’; ua
rau luv tig, nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua luv luv’; tib txoj kev, bhikkhus,
bhikkhu, ua pa ntev, to taub: ‘Kuv ua pa ntev’; kev ua pa tawm ntev nws
nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa tawm ntev’; ua pa luv nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa
luv’; ua pa tawm luv nws to taub: ‘Kuv ua tsis taus pa tawm luv’; nws
cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov ​​qhov tseem kāya, Kuv yuav ua pa hauv
‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov ​​tag nrho kāya, Kuv yuav ua pa
tawm ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub calming cia lub kāya-saṅkhāras,
kuv yuav ua pa nyob rau hauv ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub calming
hauv kāya-saṅkhāras, kuv yuav ua pa tawm ‘.

Yog li nws nyob tsom
kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya
sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.

B. Ntu ntawm kev nyob ua haujlwm

Ntxiv
mus, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, thaum taug kev, nkag siab: ‘Kuv tabtom
taug kev’, lossis thaum sawv nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv sawv’, lossis thaum
zaum nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv tau zaum’, lossis thaum dag nws nkag siab: ‘
Kuv tau dag ‘. Los yog lwm tus, hauv qhov twg txoj hauj lwm nws kāya pov
tseg, nws to taub nws kom raug.

Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv
kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.

C. Ntu ntawm sampajaÃąÃąa

Tsis tas li
ntawd, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, thaum mus txog thiab thaum tawm mus, ua
nrog sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum saib tom ntej thiab thaum saib ib puag ncig, nws
ua nrog sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum khoov thiab thaum ncab, nws ua nrog
sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum hnav lub tsho loj thiab sab saud thiab thaum nqa lub
tais, nws ua nrog sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum noj mov, thaum haus, thaum zom,
thaum ua saj, nws ua nrog sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum koom nrog kev lag luam ntawm
kev tso quav thiab tso zis, nws ua nrog sampajaÃąÃąa, thaum taug kev,
thaum sawv, thaum zaum , thaum pw, thaum tsaug zog, thaum hais lus thiab
thaum nyob ntsiag to, nws ua nrog sampajaÃąÃąa.

Yog li nws nyob
tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv
kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.

D. Ntu Txog Kev Hloov Nkag Siab

Tsis
tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu txiav txim siab lub cev no, los
ntawm txhais taw ntawm tus taw nce mus thiab los ntawm cov plaub hau
ntawm lub taub hau cia, uas yog delimited los ntawm nws cov tawv nqaij
thiab tag nrho cov ntau yam tsis huv: “Hauv no kāya, muaj plaub mos mos
ntawm lub taub hau, plaub hau ntawm lub cev, rau tes, hniav, tawv nqaij,
cev nqaij, nqaij pob txha, pob txha, pob txha pob txha, mob raum,
plawv, siab, pleura, hnoos qeev, ntsws, plab hnyuv, mesentery, plab nrog
nws cov ntawv, quav, plab, phlegm , kua paug, ntshav, tawm hws, rog,
kua muag, roj, kua qaub ncaug, kua ntswg, kua synovial thiab zis. “


Ib yam li yog, bhikkhus, muaj ib lub hnab muaj ob qhov qhib thiab muaj
ntau hom nplej, xws li toj roob hauv pes, nplej, nplej, mung taum,
nyuj-noob taum, noob hnav thiab txhuv husked. Ib tug txiv neej uas muaj
lub qhov muag pom zoo, muaj qhov tsis tau npaj cia, yuav xav txog [nws
cov ntsiab lus]: “Nov yog toj roob hauv pes, cov no yog nplej, cov uas
yog mung taum, cov yog cov noob taum, cov noob hnav yog cov noob hnav
thiab no yog husked nplej;” nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, bhikkhus,
bhikkhu txiav txim siab lub cev no, los ntawm cov taw ntawm ko taw nce
thiab los ntawm cov plaub hau ntawm lub taub hau cia, uas yog delimited
los ntawm nws cov tawv nqaij thiab tag nrho cov ntau yam tsis huv: “Hauv
no kāya, muaj yog cov plaub hau ntawm lub taub hau, plaub hau ntawm lub
cev, rau tes, hniav, tawv nqaij, nqaij, nqaij, pob txha, pob txha pob
txha, mob raum, mob plawv, siab, pleura, hnoos qeev, mob ntsws, plab
hnyuv, mesentery, plab nrog nws cov ntawv, quav, tso quav, phlegm, pus,
ntshav, tawm hws, rog, kua muag, roj, kua qaub, kua ntswg, kua synovial
thiab zis. “

Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv,
lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob
tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam
cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj
kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paáš­issati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya.

E. Ntu Ntawm Cov Ntsiab Lus


Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu xav txog qhov kāya no, txawm li
cas los nws muab tso, txawm li cas los xij nws tau muab pov tseg raws
li muaj cov ntsiab lus: “Hauv no kāya, muaj lub ntiaj teb, dej keeb,
hluav taws kub thiab huab cua cua.”

Ib yam li, bhikkhus, tus neeg
txawj txawj lossis tus tua neeg tus tub tua tsiaj, muaj tua tus nyuj,
yuav zaum ntawm kab tshuam kev txiav los ua tej daim; nyob rau hauv tib
txoj kev, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu xav txog qhov kāya no, txawm li cas los
nws muab tso, txawm li cas los nws muab pov tseg: “Hauv no kāya, muaj
lub ntiaj teb, dej keeb, hluav taws kub thiab huab cua huab cua.”


Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells
tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv
kāya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm
tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov
tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm
qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no
yog Kāya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov
kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov
chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya.

F. Tshooj ntawm cuaj lub thaj av roj av

(1) Hmoob
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, ib yam li nws tau pom lub cev
tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw muaj pob zeb, ib hnub tuag,
lossis ob hnub tuag lossis peb hnub tuag, o, daj thiab festering, nws
txiav txim siab qhov no kāya: ” Lub kāya no kuj yog ntawm qhov xwm
txheej ntawd, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis pub dawb
los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “

Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv
kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.

(2) Cov (2)
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus,
tus bhikkhu, zoo li yog nws pom lub cev tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv av
qhov txos, raug noj los ntawm dev, raug noj los ntawm hawks, raug noj
los ntawm vultures, raug noj los ntawm herons, raug noj los ntawm dev,
ua noj los ntawm tsov, tau noj los ntawm panthers, raug noj los ntawm
ntau hom quavntsej, nws txiav txim siab qhov k :ya no: “Tus k alsoya no
kuj yog ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav dhau los ua zoo li no, thiab
tsis pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej no. “

Yog li nws nyob tsom
kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv
kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.

(3)
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib
bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv
thaj chaw muaj ntshav, taub-hau uas muaj nqaij thiab ntshav, tuav ua ke
los ntawm tendons, nws suav hais tias qhov no kāya: “Qhov no kāya kuj
yog ntawm xws li xwm, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis
pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “

Yog li nws nyob tsom
kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya
sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.

(4)
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib
bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv
av uas muaj lub qhov txhab, lub cev pob txha tsis muaj nqaij thiab
smeared nrog ntshav, tuav ua ke los ntawm tendons, nws txiav txim siab
no kāya: “Qhov no kāya kuj yog xws li xwm txheej, nws yuav dhau los ua
qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “


Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells
tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv
kāya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm
tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov
tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm
qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no
yog Kāya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov
kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov
chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya.

(5)
Tsis
tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws pom lub cev tuag,
muab pov tseg rau hauv av charnel, tus nqaj tsis muaj nqaij lossis
ntshav, nyob ua ke los ntawm tendons, nws suav hais tias qhov no kāya:
“Qhov no kāya kuj yog ntawm xws li xwm, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li
no, thiab tsis pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “

Yog li
nws nyob tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm
kāya hauv kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab
hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim
hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim
hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm
sim hauv kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog
Kāya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg
ntawm mere merea thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw,
thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus,
ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya.

(6)
Tsis tas li
ntawd, bhikkhus, yog bhikkhu, tib yam li nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab
pov tseg rau hauv av charnel, txiav cov pob txha tawg nyob ntawm no
thiab nyob ntawm no, ntawm no pob txha tes, muaj pob txha ko taw, ntawm
no pob txha pob txha, muaj pob txha shin. , ntawm no lub pob txha ncej
puab, muaj lub ntsag pob txha, ntawm no tus tav, muaj pob txha nraub
qaum, ntawm no tus txha nqaj qaum, muaj caj dab caj dab, ntawm no lub
puab tsaig pob txha, muaj pob txha hniav, lossis muaj pob txha taub hau,
nws txiav txim siab no kāya. : “Tus kāya no kuj yog ntawm qhov xwm
txheej ntawd. Nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis yog muaj
kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd.”

Yog li nws nyob
tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv
kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.

(7) Lub hauv paus
Tsis tas li ntawd,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, zoo li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab pov
tseg rau hauv av uas muaj huab cua, cov pob txha nplawm zoo li hiav
txwv, nws txiav txim siab rau kāya no: “Lub kāya no kuj yog ntawm qhov
xwm txheej, nws yog mus kom dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis pub
dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “

Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya
hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.

(8) Cov ntawv
Tsis tas li ntawd,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab
pov tseg rau hauv ib qho chaw muaj mob, nws kho pob txha ntev dua ib
xyoos, nws txiav txim siab rau kāya no: “Lub kāya no kuj yog ntawm qhov
xwm txheej, nws yog mus ua zoo li no, thiab yog tsis yog dawb los ntawm
cov mob no. “

Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv,
lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob
tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam
cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj
kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paáš­issati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya.

(9
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, zoo li yog nws pom lub cev
tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv av charnel, lub pob txha lwj ua kom tsawg
rau hmoov, nws txiav txim siab rau k veryya no: “Tus kāya no kuj yog
ntawm xwm txheej ntawd, nws yog mus ua zoo li no, thiab yog tsis pub
dawb los ntawm tej yam mob no. “

Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv
kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.

II. Soj ntsuam ntawm Vedanā

Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm vedanā hauv vedanā?


Ntawm no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, ntsib kev sukha vedanā, undersands: “Kuv
tau ntsib ib sukha vedanā”; muaj kev paub txog dukkha vedanā,
undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev paub txog dukkha vedanā”; muaj kev
adukkham-asukhā vedanā, undersands: “Kuv tau ntsib kev adukkham-asukhā
vedanā”; ntsib ib tug sukha vedanā sāmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau ntsib
sukha vedanā sāmisa”; kev muaj sukha vedanā nirāmisa, undersands: “Kuv
tau ntsib sukha vedanā nirāmisa”; kev paub txog dukkha vedanā sāmisa,
undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev paub txog dukkha vedanā sāmisa”; kev paub
txog dukkha vedanā nirāmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev dukkha vedanā
nirāmisa”; muaj kev adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau
ntsib kev adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa”; pom ib adukkham-asukhā vedanā
nirāmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev adukkham-asukhā vedanā
nirāmisa”.

Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm vedanā hauv vedanā sab hauv,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm vedanā hauv vedanā sab nraud, lossis nws nyob
tsom kwm vedanā hauv vedanā sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom
xam cov samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv vedanā, lossis nws nyob tsom
kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv vedanā, lossis nws nyob tsom
saib cov samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv vedanā; los yog
lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog vedanā!” sati yog tam sim no
nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere
paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab
tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm
vedanā hauv vedanā.

III. Kev Soj Ntsuam ntawm Citta

Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta?


Ntawm no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu to taub citta nrog rāga li “citta nrog
rāga”, lossis nws nkag siab citta tsis muaj rāga li “citta tsis muaj
rāga”, lossis nws nkag siab citta nrog dosa li “citta nrog dosa”, lossis
nws nkag siab citta tsis muaj dosa li “citta tsis muaj dosa”, lossis
nws nkag siab citta nrog moha li “citta nrog moha”, lossis nws nkag siab
citta tsis muaj moha li “citta tsis muaj moha”, lossis nws nkag siab
sau citta li “citta sau”, lossis nws nkag siab tawg citta li “citta
tawg”, lossis nws nkag siab qhov nthuav dav citta raws li “kev nthuav
dav citta”, lossis nws nkag siab citta tsis tseem ceeb raws li “citta
tsis tau qhia”, lossis nws nkag siab citta surpassable li “citta
surpassable”, lossis nws nkag siab ib qho tsis muaj qhov zoo li citta li
“citta uas tsis muaj peev xwm”, lossis nws nkag siab qhov citta uas
tsis yog “citta”, lossis nws nkag siab qhov citta tsis meej li “citta
tsis ruaj khov”, lossis nws nkag siab citta liberated li “liberated
citta”, lossis nws nkag siab ib qho citta uas tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig
zoo li “kev tsis nyeem ntawv citta”.

Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm
citta hauv citta sab hauv, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom kwm saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
citta, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm ntawm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim
hauv citta, lossis nws nyob tsom saib cov samudaya thiab dhau ntawm
qhov tshwm sim hauv citta; los yog lwm qhov, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog
citta!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg
ntawm mere merea thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw,
thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus,
ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta.

IV. Soj ntsuam ntawm Dhammas

A. Tshooj ntawm N thevaraṇas


Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas?
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv
dhammas nrog siv mus rau lub tsib nÄĢvaraṇas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas
bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas nrog siv rau tsib lub
nÄĢvaraṇas?

Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj kāmacchanda tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj kāmacchanda hauv kuv”; muaj tsis
yog kāmacchanda tuaj tsis pub dhau, nws nkag siab: “tsis muaj
kāmacchanda hauv kuv”; nws to taub li cas tus unarisen kāmacchanda tshwm
sim; nws nkag siab li cas tus arisen kāmacchanda tso tseg; thiab nws
nkag siab k howmacchanda uas tso tseg lawm yuav tsis tshwm sim rau yav
tom ntej.

Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj yog byāpāda tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj byāpāda nyob hauv kuv”; tsis muaj
byāpāda tuaj nyob hauv, nws nkag siab: “yeej tsis muaj byāpāda nyob
hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab li cas unarisen byāpāda tshwm sim; nws nkag
siab li cas tus arisen byāpāda tso tseg; thiab nws nkag siab li cas by
thepāda tso tseg tsis tuaj rau yav tom ntej.

Ntawm no, bhikkhus,
ib bhikkhu, muaj raug thÄĢnamiddhā nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj
thÄĢnamiddhÄĢ nyob hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog thÄĢnamiddhā tuaj nyob hauv,
nws nkag siab: “tseem tsis thÄĢnamiddhā nyob hauv kuv”; nws to taub li
cas tus unarisen thÄĢnamiddhā tshwm sim; nws nkag siab li cas tus arisen
thÄĢnamiddhā yog tso tseg; thiab nws nkag siab tias cov thÄĢnamiddhā tso
tseg li cas tsis tshwm sim rau yav tom ntej.

Nws nkag siab mana,
nws nkag siab txog dhammas, nws nkag siab qhov saᚃyojana uas tshwm sim
vim yog ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas saᚃyojana tsis tshwm sim tuaj
tshwm sim, nws nkag siab tias qhov tshwm sim los ntawm saᚃyojana li cas,
thiab nws nkag siab li cas rau saᚃyojana tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim yav
tom ntej.

Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab nraud, lossis nws
nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells
tsom kwm saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis nws
nyob tsom kwm ntawm kev dhau ntawm kev tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis
nws nyob tsom kwm tus samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
dhammas; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!”
sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm
mere merea thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab
tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug
bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv dhammas, nrog siv mus rau
(6) sab hauv thiab sab nraud āyatanas.

D. Ntu ntawm Bojjhaṅgas


Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas
muaj siv rau xya bojjhaṅgas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob
tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv rau xya bojjhaṅgas?


Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj tau qhov sati sambojjhaṅga tam sim
no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj sati sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj
tsis yog cov sati sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub:
“yog tsis muaj sati sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws to taub yuav ua li cas
unarisen sati sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias yuav ua li
cas arisen sati sambojjhaṅga yog tsim kom tiav.

Muaj yog lub
dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “muaj
yog dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog dhammavicaya
sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj
dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab tias qhov tsis muaj
kev ntseeg dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias
qhov tshwm sim ntawm dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag
nrho.

Muaj raug vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws
nkag siab: “muaj vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog tus
vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj
vÄĢriya sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab li cas cov unarisen vÄĢriya
sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov arisen
vÄĢriya sambojjha isga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag nrho.

Muaj pÄĢti
sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “muaj pÄĢti
sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog pÄĢti sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob
rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj pÄĢti sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws nkag
siab li cas tus unarisen pÄĢti sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab
li cas cov arisen pÄĢti sambojjhaṅga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag nrho.


Muaj tau lub passaddhi sambojjhaṅga tam sim no tsis pub dhau, nws nkag
siab: “muaj passaddhi sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog tus
passaddhi sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj
passaddhi sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab tias qhov tsis muaj dab
tsi passaddhi sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias yuav ua li
cas txoj kev sib cav me nyuam yaus tau dhau los ua rau kev zoo tag
nrho.

Muaj lub samādhi sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws
nkag siab: “muaj samādhi sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; tsis muaj samādhi
sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “tsis muaj samādhi
sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws to taub li cas tus unarisen samādhi
sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm sam
thedhi sambojjhaṅga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag nrho.

Muaj tau
upekkhā sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “muaj
upekkhā sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog upekkhā sambojjhaṅga tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj upekkhā sambojjhaṅga hauv
kuv”; nws to taub li cas qhov tsis txawv txav upekkhā sambojjhaṅga los
tshwm sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov arisen upekkhā sambojjha
isga yog tsim kom tiav.

Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv
dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas, lossis
nws nyob tsom kwm tus samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
dhammas; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!”
sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm
mere merea thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab
tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug
bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv dhammas, nrog siv mus rau
xya bojjhaṅgas.

Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj tau
uddhacca-kukkucca tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj
uddhacca-kukkucca nyob hauv kuv”; muaj tsis tau uddhacca-kukkucca tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “yog tsis muaj uddhacca-kukkucca
hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab li cas tus unarisen uddhacca-kukkucca los tshwm
sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov arisen uddhacca-kukkucca raug tso
tseg; thiab nws nkag siab tias yuav ua li cas tso tseg
uddhacca-kukkucca tsis tshwm sim rau yav tom ntej.

Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj ua vicikicchā tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag
siab: “muaj vicikicchā hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog vicikicchā tuaj nyob
hauv, nws nkag siab: “tseem tsis muaj vicikicchā nyob hauv kuv”; nws to
taub li cas unarisen vicikicchā los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li
cas lub arisen vicikicchā tso tseg; thiab nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas
lub vicikicch abandoned tso tseg tsis tuaj kom tshwm rau yav tom ntej.


Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob
tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib
samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm tus
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paáš­issati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob
rau hauv dhammas, muaj siv rau tsib lub nÄĢvaraṇas.

B. Ntu nyob rau Khandhas


Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas nrog
rau tsib lub khandhas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv rau tsib khandhas?

Ntawm
no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu [meej mom]: “xws li yog rÅĢpa, xws li yog
samudaya ntawm rÅĢpa, xws li yog dhau ntawm rÅĢpa; xws li yog vedanā, xws
li yog samudaya ntawm vedanā, xws li yog dhau ntawm vedanā; xws li yog
saÃąÃąÄ, xws li yog samudaya ntawm saÃąÃąÄ, xws li yog dhau ntawm saÃąÃąÄ; xws
li yog saṅkhāra, xws li yog samudaya ntawm saṅkhāra, xws li yog dhau
ntawm saṅkhāra; xws li yog viÃąÃąÄáš‡a, xws li yog samudaya ntawm viÃąÃąÄáš‡a,
xws li yog dhau ntawm viÃąÃąÄáš‡a “.

Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas
hauv dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas
sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm tus samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim
hauv dhammas; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog
dhammas!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg
ntawm mere merea thiab mere paáš­issati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw,
thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus,
ib tug bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv dhammas, muaj siv rau
tsib khandhas.

C. Ntu nyob rau Qhov Chaw Ntseg

Ntxiv mus,
bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj kev
siv rau rau internalyatanas sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Ntxiv mus,
bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv
rau qhov rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud āyatanas?

Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu to taub cakkhu, nws nkag siab rÅĢpa, nws nkag
siab saᚃyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog ob tug no, nws nkag siab li cas cov
saaryojana tsis pom zoo tuaj txog, nws nkag siab li cas rau saᚃyojana
uas raug tso tseg, thiab nws nkag siab txog qhov tso tseg saᚃyojana li
cas tsis tshwm sim tom ntej no.

Nws nkag siab sota, nws nkag siab
qhov sadda, nws nkag siab qhov saᚃyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog ob yam
no, nws nkag siab li cas cov saᚃyojana tsis pom zoo tshwm sim tuaj, nws
nkag siab tias qhov tshwm sim los ntawm saisyojana li cas, thiab nws
nkag siab li cas qhov tso tseg saᚃyojana tsis tshwm sim yav tom ntej.


Nws nkag siab ghāna, nws nkag siab txog gandha, nws nkag siab qhov
saᚃyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas lub
saaryojana tsis tshwm sim tuaj tshwm sim, nws nkag siab tias qhov tshwm
sim ntawm saᚃyojana li cas tso tseg, thiab nws nkag siab li cas rau
saᚃyojana tsis tuaj tshwm yav tom ntej.

Nws nkag siab jivha, nws
nkag siab txog rasa, nws nkag siab txog saᚃyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog
ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas saᚃyojana tsis tshwm sim tuaj, nws nkag
siab li cas rau saᚃyojana raug tso tseg, thiab nws nkag siab li cas rau
saᚃyojana tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim yav tom ntej.

Nws nkag siab
kāya, nws nkag siab phoᚭᚭhabba, nws nkag siab txog saᚃyojana uas tshwm
sim vim yog ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas cov saᚃyojana tsis pom tsis
zoo tshwm sim, nws nkag siab li cas rau saᚃyojana tsis tso tseg, thiab
nws nkag siab li cas rau saᚃyojana tsis tuaj tshwm yav tom ntej.


youtube.com
Chanting of the Mahāsatipaᚭᚭhāna Sutta,
Chanting of the Mahāsatipaᚭᚭhāna Sutta,

E. Seem ntawm Qhov Tseeb


Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas
nrog rau plaub tus ariya ¡ saccas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu
nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv rau plaub tus ariya ¡
saccas?

E1. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Dukkhasacca

Thiab dab
tsi, bhikkhus, yog dukkha ariyasacca? Jāti yog dukkha, kev laus yog
dukkha (kev mob yog dukkha) maraṇa yog dukkha, kev tu siab, lamentation,
dukkha, domanassa thiab ntxhov siab yog dukkha, koom nrog dab tsi tsis
nyiam yog dukkha, cuam tshuam los ntawm dab tsi yog nyiam yog dukkha,
tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau yog dukkha; Hais luv, tus tsib
upādāna ¡ k ¡ khandhas yog dukkha.

Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
jāti? Rau ntau yam tsiaj nyob hauv cov chav kawm ntau ntawm quavntsej,
jāti, yug menyuam, qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob [hauv niam plab], tshwm sim
[hauv lub ntiaj teb], qhov tshwm sim, qhov pom ntawm khandhas, nrhiav
tau los ntawm āyatanas. Qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua jāti.

Thiab
dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog jarā? Rau cov tsiaj muaj ntau yam nyob hauv cov
chav kawm ntau ntawm quavntsej, jar of, lub xeev ntawm kev lwj, ntawm
qhov tau tawg [cov hniav], ntawm muaj cov plaub hau grey, ntawm qhov
tsaus muag, qhov poob ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, kev lwj ntawm indriyas:
qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua jarā.

Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
maraṇa? Rau cov tsiaj txhu hauv ntau chav kawm ntawm quavntsej, qhov
tuag, lub xeev ntawm kev hloov chaw [tawm ntawm hav zoov], sib tawg,
ploj, tuag, mara passinga, dhau mus, sib nrug ntawm lub khandhas, kev
tso cia ntawm lub qhov tuag: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua maraṇa.


Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog kev tu siab? Hauv ib, bhikkhus, cuam
tshuam nrog ntau yam kev khaum, kov los ntawm ntau yam dukkha dhammas,
ua kev quaj ntsuag, kev quaj ntsuag, lub xeev kev quaj ntsuag, kev tu
siab sab hauv, sab hauv kev nyuaj siab: qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua kev tu
siab.

Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog lamentation? Hauv ib,
bhikkhus, cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam ntawm kev khaum, kov los ntawm ntau
yam dukkha dhammas, kev quaj, cov tsis yws, quaj, quaj, lub xeev quaj,
lub xeev quaj: qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua lamentation.

Thiab yog
dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog dukkha? Xijpeem, bhikkhus, lub cev tsis muaj
dukkha, lub cev tsis zoo, lub cev tsis sib xws, dukkha tau los ntawm kev
sib chwv lub cev, tsis txaus siab rau hnub: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu
ua dukkha.

Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog domanassa? Xijpeem,
bhikkhus, kev puas siab puas ntsws dukkha, kev puas siab puas ntsws tsis
txaus siab, dukkha engendered los ntawm kev sib cuag hlwb, tsis txaus
siab vedayitas: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua domanassa.

Thiab dab
tsi, bhikkhus, yog kev poob siab? Hauv ib, bhikkhus, cuam tshuam nrog
ntau yam kev ua txhaum, kov los ntawm ntau yam dukkha dhammas, qhov teeb
meem, poob siab, lub xeev muaj teeb meem, lub xeev muaj kev poob siab:
qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua poob siab.

Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
dukkha txog kev txuam nrog dab tsi tsis txaus siab? Ntawm no, hais txog
ntawm cov ntawv, suab, tastes, tsw, lub cev ntawm lub cev thiab cov kev
xav hauv lub cev muaj cov uas tsis txaus siab, tsis txaus siab, tsis kaj
siab, lossis lwm tus uas xav tau ib tus tsis zoo, cov uas xav tau ib
tus tsis txaus siab, cov uas xav tau ib tus tsis zoo, cov uas leej twg
xav tau ib tus tsis yog dim ntawm kev sib txuas, sib ntsib, sib txuam,
sib koom ua ke, ntsib lawv: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua dukkha uas raug
txuam nrog dab tsi tsis txaus siab.

Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
dukkha ntawm raug cais tawm ntawm dab tsi yog pom zoo? Ntawm no, raws
li rau hauv cov ntawv, suab, qab qab, ntxhiab, lub cev ntawm cov xwm
txheej thiab cov kev xav hauv lub hlwb muaj cov uas muaj kev txaus siab,
txaus siab, qab ntxiag, lossis lwm tus uas xav tau ib qho zoo dua, cov
uas xav tau ib tus txiaj ntsig, cov uas xav tau ib qho kev nplij siab,
cov uas xav kom ib tus dim ntawm qhov txuas, tsis ntsib, tsis koom nrog,
tsis koom ua ke, tsis ntsib nrog lawv: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua
dukkha ntawm kev cais tawm ntawm yam uas pom zoo.

Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi ib qho xav tau? Hauv
lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev yug los, xws li xav tau
tshwm sim: “huag tiag tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj jāti rau peb, thiab
tiag tiag, thov peb tsis txhob los rau jāti.” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog
kom ua tiav los ntawm xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais
dab tsi uas xav tau.

Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv
ntawm kev laus, xws li qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim: “huag tiag tiag, tej
zaum yuav tsis muaj jarā rau peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov peb tsis tuaj
rau ntawm lub pob tawb.” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm
xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.


Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev muaj mob, xws li
xav tau tshwm sim: “Huag tiag tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj kev mob rau
peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov kom peb tsis txhob los rau mob.” Tab sis qhov
no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm
tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.

Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj
tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev laus, xws li qhov kev xav tshwm sim: “huag tiag
tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj maraṇa rau peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov peb
tsis txhob tuaj maraṇa.” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm
xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.


Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev tu siab,
lamentation, dukkha, domanassa thiab ntxhov siab, xws li xav tau tshwm
sim: “huag tiag tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj kev tu siab, lamentation,
dukkha, domanassa thiab kev nyuaj siab rau peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov
kom peb tsis txhob tuaj rau kev tu siab, lamentation, dukkha, domanassa
thiab ntxhov siab. ” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm xav
tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.


Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog nyob rau hauv luv luv tsib
upādānakkhandhas? Lawv yog: rÅĢpa upādānakkhandha, vedanā
upādānakkhandha, saÃąÃąÄ upādānakkhandha, saṅkhāra upādānakkhandha,
viÃąÃąÄáš‡a upādānakkhandha. Cov no yog hu ua luv, bhikkhus, tsib
upādānakkhandhas.

Qhov no yog hu ua, bhikkhus, dukkha ariyasacca

E2. Kev siv ntawm Samudayasacca


Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog lub dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Nws yog
qhov no taṇhā ua rau rov qab, txuas nrog lub siab xav thiab kev lom zem,
nrhiav kev zoo siab ntawm no lossis nyob ntawd, uas yog hais:
kāma-taṇhā, bhava-taṇhā thiab vibhava-taṇhā. Tab sis no taṇhā, bhikkhus,
thaum sawv, nws tshwm sim qhov twg, thiab thaum xaus rau [nws tus
kheej], nws nyob qhov twg? Hauv uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas zoo li
qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, uas yog qhov chaw taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim,
tshwm sim, qhov twg thaum tsiv, nws settles.

Thiab dab tsi nyob
hauv lub ntiaj teb muaj qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo? Lub qhov muag nyob
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm
sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub pob ntseg nyob hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum khom, nws settles. Lub taub ntswg nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Tus nplaig nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum khom, nws settles. Kāya hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Mana nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum khom, nws settles.

Pom
daim ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tshwm, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles. Suab
hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles. Cov ntxhiab hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj ta therehā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum daws, nws pib sib haum. Cov nqaij hauv lub ntiaj teb yog
qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub cev tshwm sim hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhṇ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev
tawm, nws settles. Dhammas hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles.

Tus muag-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. Pob ntseg-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Tus ntswg-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Tus nplaig-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum khom, nws
settles. Kāya-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.
Mana-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles.

Lub
qhov muag-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws
tswm. Lub pob ntseg-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm,
nws tswm. Lub taub ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm,
nws settles. Tus nplaig-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. Kāya-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws
tswm. Mana-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.


Lub vedanā yug los ntawm qhov muag-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm pob ntseg-samphassa
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vedanā yug ntawm lub
qhov ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws settles. Lub
vedanā yug ntawm tus nplaig-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
settling, nws settles. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm kāya-samphassa hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum khom, nws settles. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm
mana-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.

Tus
saÃąÃąÄ ntawm daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. Cov saÃąÃąÄ ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm,
nws settles. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
settling, nws settles. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm lub cev tsis muaj nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum kev sib hais haum, nws daws. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm Dhammas
nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles.

Lub tswv
yim [cuam tshuam nrog] cov ntawv pom hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev sib
hais haum, nws tawm. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] suab hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim,
muaj thaum kev tawm, nws settles. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog]
ntxhiab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub tswv
yim [cuam tshuam nrog] cov qab qab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
daws, nws pib tawm. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] lub cev tshwm sim
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws daws. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam
nrog] dhammas hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev sib hais haum, nws pib sib haum.


Lub taṇhā rau cov ntaub ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais
tawm, nws tswm. Lub taṇhā rau cov suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais
tawm, nws tswm. Lub taṇhā rau cov ntxhiab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog
qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub taṇhā rau cov qab zib nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum settling, nws settles. Lub taṇhā rau lub cev tshwm sim hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub taṇhā rau dhammas nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles.

Lub vitakka ntawm pom cov
ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws settles. Lub vitakka
ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub
vitakka ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj ta therehā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws
settles. Lub vitakka ntawm cov tsw qab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
daws, nws pib tawm. Lub vitakka ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vitakka ntawm dhammas
nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.

Lub vicāra ntawm
daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Lub vicāra ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm,
nws settles. Lub vicāra ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. Lub vicāra ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
settling, nws settles. Lub vicāra ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vicāra ntawm dhammas nyob
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles. Qhov no hu ua,
bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ samudaya ariyasacca.

E3. Raug ntawm Nirodhasacca


Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog lub dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Nws yog
qhov no taṇhā ua rau rov qab, txuas nrog lub siab xav thiab kev lom zem,
nrhiav kev zoo siab ntawm no lossis nyob ntawd, uas yog hais:
kāma-taṇhā, bhava-taṇhā thiab vibhava-taṇhā. Tab sis qhov no taṇhā,
bhikkhus, thaum tso tseg, qhov twg yog nws tso tseg, thiab thaum nres,
nws nres qhov twg? Hauv uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas zoo li qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, uas yog qhov chaw taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, raug tso
tseg, qhov twg thaum nres, nws ceases.

Thiab dab tsi nyob hauv
lub ntiaj teb muaj qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo? Lub qhov muag nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso
tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub pob ntseg nyob hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taub ntswg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj
thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Tus nplaig nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Kāya hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Mana nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.


Pom daim ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Suab hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Cov pa tsw qab nyob rau
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Cov nqaij hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub cev nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Dhammas hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases.

Qhov muag-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Pob ntseg-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Tus ntswg-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Tus nplaig-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Kāya-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Mana-viÃąÃąÄáš‡a
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.

Lub qhov
muag-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub pob
ntseg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub
taub ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Tus nplaig-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Kāya-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Mana-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.


Lub vedanā yug los ntawm qhov muag-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm pob ntseg-samphassa hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab txaus siab, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanā yug ntawm lub
qhov ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub vedanā yug ntawm tus nplaig-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab txaus siab, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj
thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm kāya-samphassa hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg,
tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm
mana-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.


Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm lub cev hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Tus saÃąÃąÄ ntawm Dhammas hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases.

Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] cov ntawv
pom hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub tswv yim [cuam
tshuam nrog] suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub
tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] ntxhiab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] saj nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso
tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog]
lub cev tshwm sim hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub
tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] dhammas hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases.

Lub taṇhā rau cov ntaub ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taṇhā rau cov suab hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taṇhā rau tsw rau hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taṇhā rau cov qab zib nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso
tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taṇhā rau lub cev tshwm sim
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taṇhā rau dhammas
nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.

Lub vitakka
ntawm pom cov ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm cov tsw qab nyob hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob
rau hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm
dhammas hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.

Lub
vicāra ntawm daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Lub vicāra ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Lub vicāra ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vicāra ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj ta therehā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vicāra ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob
rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vicāra
ntawm dhammas hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Qhov no
yog hu ua, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ nirodha ariyasacca.

E4. Raug ntawm Maggasacca


Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gāminÄĢ paáš­ipadā
ariyasacca? Nws tsuas yog no ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga, uas yog los hais
sammādiáš­áš­hi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammā-ājÄĢvo,
sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati thiab sammāsamādhi.

Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog sammādiáš­áš­hi? Tias, bhikkhus, uas yog ÃąÄáš‡a ntawm dukkha,
ÃąÄáš‡a ntawm dukkha-samudaya, ÃąÄáš‡a ntawm dukkha-nirodha thiab ÃąÄáš‡a ntawm
dukkha-nirodha-gāmini paᚭipada, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammādiᚭᚭhi.


Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammāsaṅkappas? Cov, bhikkhus, uas yog
saṅkappas ntawm nekkhamma, saṅkappas ntawm abyāpāda, saṅkappas ntawm
avihiṃsā, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammāsaṅkappas.

Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog sammāvācā? Tias, bhikkhus, uas tau yoo nqhis ntawm
musāvādā, tsis yaum pisuṇa vācā, tsis yaum pharusa vācā, thiab tsis yaum
los ntawm samphappalāpa, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammāvācā.


Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammā-kammanta? Tias, bhikkhus, uas yog ua
kom tsis txhob pāṇātipāta, tsis yoo adinnādāna, tsis txiav tawm
abrahmacariya, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammā-kammanta.

Thiab dab
tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammā-ājÄĢva? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib tug thwj tim
zoo, tau tso tseg tsis ncaj ncees lawm kev ua neej, txhawb nws lub neej
los ntawm txoj cai txoj kev ua neej, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus,
sammā-ājÄĢva.

Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammāvāyāma? Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu tsim nws chanda rau qhov tsis tshwm sim ntawm
unarisen pāpaka thiab akusala dhammas, nws exerts nws tus kheej, rouses
nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv zog; nws generates nws chanda
rau lub pov tseg ntawm arisen pāpaka thiab akusala dhammas, nws exerts
nws tus kheej, rouses nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv zog; nws
generates nws chanda rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm unarisen kusala dhammas,
nws exerts nws tus kheej, rouses nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv
zog; nws tsim nws lub chanda rau kev nyob ruaj khov ntawm arisen kusala
dhammas, rau lawv qhov kev tsis sib haum, rau lawv nce, lawv txoj kev
loj hlob, lawv cog qoob loo thiab lawv ua tiav, nws exerts nws tus
kheej, rouses nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv zog. Qhov no yog
hu ua, bhikkhus, sammāvāyāma.

Ib yam dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
sammāsati? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya,
ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, tau muab abhijjhā-domanassa rau lub ntiaj teb.
Nws nyob tsom kwm vedanā hauv vedanā, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, tau muab
tso tseg abhijjhā-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm citta
hauv citta, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, tau tso tseg abhijjhā-domanassa
ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm dhamma in s hauv dhamma ¡ s,
ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, tau tso tseg abhijjhā-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj
teb. Qhov no yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammāsati.

Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog sammāsamādhi? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, detached
ntawm kāma, cais tawm ntawm akusala dhammas, tau nkag mus rau hauv thawj
jhāna, nyob rau ntawd, nrog vitakka thiab vicāra, nrog pÄĢti thiab sukha
yug ntawm detachment. Nrog rau kev tseem nyob rau ntawm vitakka-vicāra,
tau nkag mus rau hauv lub thib ob jhāna, nws nyob rau ntawd nws nrog
sab hauv tanquilization, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm citta, tsis muaj
vitakka tsis vicāra, nrog pÄĢti thiab sukha yug ntawm samādhi. Thiab nrog
indifference rau pÄĢti, nws nyob rau hauv upekkha, sato thiab sampajāno,
nws paub nyob rau hauv kāya lub sukha uas cov ariyas piav qhia: ‘ib tug
uas yog equanimous thiab mindful nyob hauv [no] sukha’, tau nkag mus
rau hauv peb jhāna, nws nyob nyob rau ntawd. Tso tseg sukha thiab tso
dukkha, somanassa thiab domanassa dhau los tsis muaj, tsis muaj sukha
lossis dukkha, nrog kev coj dawb huv ntawm upekkha thiab sati, tau nkag
mus rau hauv plaub jhāna, nws nyob rau ntawd. Qhov no yog hu ua,
bhikkhus, sammāsamādhi.

No yog hu ua, bhikkhus, dukkha ¡ nirodha ¡ gāminÄĢ paáš­ipadā ariyasacca.


Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob
tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib
samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm tus
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paáš­issati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu nyob saib dhammas nyob rau
hauv dhammas, muaj siv rau plaub ariya ¡ saccas.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev coj ua Satipaᚭᚭhānas


Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas hauv txoj
kev no rau xya xyoo, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm
tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee
qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.

Cia nyob xya xyoo, bhikkhus. Rau
leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas hauv txoj kev no
rau xyoo, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anāgāmita.

Cia rau xyoo rau, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau tsib
xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anāgāmita.

Cia nyob tsib xyoos, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas nyob rau hauv txoj kev no
rau plaub lub xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm
tias [zoo kawg nkaus] kev paub hauv qhov pom tshwm sim, lossis yog tias
muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.

Cia plaub xyoos,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas
hauv txoj kev no rau peb lub xyoo, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav
tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.

Cia rau peb xyoos,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas
hauv txoj kev no rau ob xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav xav
tau: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.

Cia nyob ob xyoos,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas
hauv txoj kev no rau ib xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau
xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.

Cia ib xyoos ib,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas
hauv txoj kev no rau xya lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav
tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.

Cia nyob ib hlis xya,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas
hauv txoj kev no rau rau lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav
tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.

Cia nyob ib leeg rau
lub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub
satipaᚭᚭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau tsib lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob qhov
txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim
pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.

Cia
nyob ib leeg tsib lub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum
cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas nyob rau hauv txoj kev no rau plaub lub hlis,
ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub
hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug,
anāgāmita.

Cia plaub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav
xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau peb lub hlis, ib qho
ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv
qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug,
anāgāmita.

Cia nyob ib leeg peb lub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau ob
lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anāgāmita.

Cia nyob ob hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau ib
hlis, ib ntawm ob qhov tshwm sim xav tau: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub
hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug,
anāgāmita.

Cia nyob ib hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus,
yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau ib nrab ntawm ib
hlis, ib ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej]
paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab
laug, anāgāmita.

Cia ib nrab ib hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau ib lub
lim tiam, ib ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anāgāmita.

“Qhov no, bhikkhus, yog txoj hauv kev uas ua
rau tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis huv huv ntawm quavntsej, kov yeej kev
quaj ntsuag thiab lamentation, ploj ntawm dukkha-domanassa, kev muaj
ntawm txoj kev yog, paub txog Nibbāna, uas yog hais plaub satipaᚭᚭhānas.
” Yog li tau hais lawm, thiab ntawm txhua yam no tau hais lawm.

Yog li hais Bhagavā. Zoo siab, bhikkhus txais tos cov lus ntawm Bhagavā.

45) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,


in 01) Classical Magahi Magadhi,
02) Classical Chandaso language,


03)Magadhi Prakrit,

04) Classical Hela Basa (Hela Language),


05) Classical Pāḡi

06) Classical Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- ā¤ļā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤āĨā¤°āĨ€ā¤¯ ā¤šā¤ŋ⤂ā¤ĻāĨ€,
07) Classical Cyrillic
08) Classical Afrikaans– Klassieke Afrikaans

09) Classical Albanian-Shqiptare klasike,
10) Classical Amharic-አንጋፋዊ አማርኛ,
11) Classical Arabic-Ø§Ų„Ų„ØēØŠ Ø§Ų„ØšØąØ¨ŲŠØŠ Ø§Ų„ŲØĩØ­Ų‰
12) Classical Armenian-Õ¤ÕĄÕŊÕĄÕ¯ÕĄÕļ Õ°ÕĄÕĩÕĨրÕĨÕļ,
13) Classical Azerbaijani- Klassik Azərbaycan,
14) Classical Basque- Euskal klasikoa,
15) Classical Belarusian-КĐģĐ°ŅŅ–Ņ‡ĐŊĐ°Ņ ĐąĐĩĐģĐ°Ņ€ŅƒŅĐēĐ°Ņ,
16) Classical Bengali-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž,
17) Classical  Bosnian-Klasični bosanski,
18) Classical Bulgaria- КĐģĐ°ŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐĩҁĐēи ĐąŅŠĐģĐŗĐ°Ņ€ŅĐē,
19) Classical  Catalan-Català clàssic
20) Classical Cebuano-Klase sa Sugbo,

21) Classical Chichewa-Chikale cha Chichewa,

22) Classical Chinese (Simplified)-古典中文īŧˆįŽ€äŊ“īŧ‰,

23) Classical Chinese (Traditional)-古典中文īŧˆįšéĢ”īŧ‰,

24) Classical Corsican-Corsa Corsicana,

25) Classical  Croatian-Klasična hrvatska,

26) Classical  Czech-KlasickÃĄ čeÅĄtina,
27) Classical  Danish-Klassisk dansk,Klassisk dansk,

28) Classical  Dutch- Klassiek Nederlands,
29) Classical English,Roman
30) Classical Esperanto-Klasika Esperanto,

31) Classical Estonian- klassikaline eesti keel,

32) Classical Filipino klassikaline filipiinlane,
33) Classical Finnish- Klassinen suomalainen,

34) Classical French- Français classique,

35) Classical Frisian- Klassike Frysk,

36) Classical Galician-ClÃĄsico galego,
37) Classical Georgian-áƒ™áƒšáƒáƒĄáƒ˜áƒ™áƒŖáƒ áƒ˜ áƒĨáƒáƒ áƒ—áƒŖáƒšáƒ˜,
38) Classical German- Klassisches Deutsch,
39) Classical Greek-ΚÎģÎąĪƒĪƒÎšÎēÎŦ ΕÎģÎģΡÎŊΚÎēÎŦ,
40) Classical Gujarati-āĒ•āĢāǞāĒžāǏāĒŋāĒ•āǞ āĒ—ā́āǜāǰāĒžāǤāĢ€,
41) Classical Haitian Creole-Klasik kreyÃ˛l,

42) Classical Hausa-Hausa Hausa,
43) Classical Hawaiian-Hawaiian Hawaiian,

44) Classical Hebrew- ×ĸברי×Ē ×§×œ××Ą×™×Ē
45) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,

46) Classical Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,

47) Classical Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
48) Classical Igbo,Klassískt Igbo,

49) Classical Indonesian-Bahasa Indonesia Klasik,

50) Classical Irish-IndinÊisis Clasaiceach,
51) Classical Italian-Italiano classico,
52) Classical Japanese-å¤å…¸įš„ãĒイã‚ŋãƒĒã‚ĸčĒž,
53) Classical Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
54) Classical Kannada- ā˛ļā˛žā˛¸āŗā˛¤āŗā˛°āŗ€ā˛¯ ā˛•ā˛¨āŗā˛¨ā˛Ą,
55) Classical Kazakh-КĐģĐ°ŅŅĐ¸ĐēаĐģҋԛ Ō›Đ°ĐˇĐ°Ō›,

56) Classical Khmer- ខ្មែរបážģរážļណ,
57) Classical Korean-ęŗ ė „ 한ęĩ­ė–´,

58) Classical Kurdish (Kurmanji)-KurdÃŽ (KurmancÃŽ),

59) Classical Kyrgyz-КĐģĐ°ŅŅĐ¸ĐēаĐģŅ‹Đē ĐšŅ‹Ņ€ĐŗŅ‹Đˇ,
60) Classical Lao-āē„āēĨāē˛āēĒāēĒāē´āēāēĨāē˛āē§,
61) Classical Latin-LXII) Classical Latin,

62) Classical Latvian-Klasiskā latvieÅĄu valoda,

63) Classical Lithuanian-Klasikinė lietuviÅŗ kalba,

64) Classical Luxembourgish-Klassesch LÃĢtzebuergesch,

65) Classical Macedonian-КĐģĐ°ŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐĩĐŊ ĐŧаĐēĐĩĐ´ĐžĐŊҁĐēи,
66) Classical Malagasy,ĐēĐģĐ°ŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐĩĐŊ ĐŧаĐģĐŗĐ°ŅˆĐēи,
67) Classical Malay-Melayu Klasik,

68) Classical Malayalam-ā´•āĩā´˛ā´žā´¸ā´ŋā´•āĩā´•āĩŊ ā´Žā´˛ā´¯ā´žā´ŗā´‚,

69) Classical Maltese-Klassiku Malti,
70) Classical Maori-Maori Maori,
71) Classical Marathi-⤕āĨā¤˛ā¤žā¤¸ā¤ŋ⤕⤞ ā¤Žā¤žā¤“ā¤°āĨ€,
72) Classical Mongolian-ĐĄĐžĐŊĐŗĐžĐ´ĐžĐŗ МоĐŊĐŗĐžĐģ,

73) Classical Myanmar (Burmese)-Classical မá€ŧနá€ēမá€Ŧ (ဗမá€Ŧ),

74) Classical Nepali-ā¤ļā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤āĨā¤°āĨ€ā¤¯ ā¤ŽāĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤‚ā¤Žā¤žā¤° (ā¤Ŧ⤰āĨā¤Žā¤ž),
75) Classical Norwegian-Klassisk norsk,

76) Classical Pashto- ŲŧŲˆŲ„ÚĢی ŲžÚšØĒ؈

77) Classical Persian-ÚŠŲ„Ø§ØŗÛŒÚŠ ŲØ§ØąØŗÛŒ
78) Classical Polish-Język klasyczny polski,

79) Classical Portuguese-PortuguÃĒs ClÃĄssico,
80) Classical Punjabi-ā¨•ā¨˛ā¨žā¨¸āŠ€ā¨•ā¨˛ ā¨ĒāŠ°ā¨œā¨žā¨ŦāŠ€,
81) Classical Romanian-Clasic romÃĸnesc,
82) Classical Russian-КĐģĐ°ŅŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐĩҁĐēиК Ņ€ŅƒŅŅĐēиК,
83) Classical Samoan-Samoan Samoa,

84) Classical Sanskrit ⤛āĨā¤˛ā¤¸āĨā¤¸ā¤ŋ⤚⤞āĨ ⤎⤍āĨā¤¸āĨā¤•āĨā¤°ā¤ŋ⤤āĨ

85) Classical Scots Gaelic-Gàidhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,

86) Classical Serbian-КĐģĐ°ŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐŊи ҁҀĐŋҁĐēи,
87) Classical Sesotho-Seserbia ea boholo-holo,
88) Classical Shona-Shona Shona,
89) Classical Sindhi,
90) Classical Sinhala-⎃āļ¸āˇŠāļˇāˇāˇ€āˇŠāļē āˇƒāˇ’āļ‚⎄āļŊ,
91) Classical Slovak-KlasickÃŊ slovenskÃŊ,
92) Classical Slovenian-Klasična slovenska,
93) Classical Somali-Soomaali qowmiyadeed,
94) Classical Spanish-EspaÃąol clÃĄsico,
95) Classical Sundanese-Sunda Klasik,
96) Classical Swahili,Kiswahili cha Classical,
97) Classical Swedish-Klassisk svensk,
98) Classical Tajik-Ņ‚ĐžŌˇĐ¸ĐēĶŖ ĐēĐģĐ°ŅŅĐ¸ĐēĶŖ,
99) Classical Tamil-āŽĒāŽžāŽ°āŽŽā¯āŽĒāŽ°āŽŋāŽ¯ āŽ‡āŽšā¯ˆāŽ¤ā¯āŽ¤āŽŽāŽŋāŽ´ā¯ āŽšā¯†āŽŽā¯āŽŽā¯ŠāŽ´āŽŋ,
100) Classical Telugu- ā°•āąā°˛ā°žā°¸ā°ŋā°•ā°˛āą ā°¤āą†ā°˛āąā°—āą,
101) Classical Thai-ā¸ ā¸˛ā¸Šā¸˛āš„ā¸—ā¸ĸ⏄ā¸Ĩ⏞ā¸Ēā¸Ē⏴⏁,
102) Classical Turkish-Klasik TÃŧrk,
103) Classical Ukrainian-КĐģĐ°ŅĐ¸Ņ‡ĐŊиК ҃ĐēŅ€Đ°Ņ—ĐŊҁҌĐēиК,
104) Classical Urdu- ÚŠŲ„Ø§ØŗÛŒÚŠÛŒ Ø§ØąØ¯Ųˆ
105) Classical Uzbek-Klassik o’z
106) Classical Vietnamese-Tiáēŋng Viáģ‡


107) Classical Welsh-Cymraeg Clasurol,
108) Classical Xhosa-IsiXhosa zesiXhosa,
109) Classical Yiddish- קלאסיש×ĸ ייִדיש

110) Classical Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,

111) Classical Zulu-I-Classical Zulu





























Dove-02-june.gif (38556 bytes)





http://www.orgsites.com/oh/awakenedone/





Awakeness Practices







All
84,000 Khandas As Found in the Pali Suttas Traditionally the are 84,000
Dharma Doors - 84,000 ways to get Awakeness. Maybe so; certainly the
Buddha taught a large number of practices that lead to Awakeness. This
web page attempts to catalogue those found in the Pali Suttas (DN, MN,
SN, AN, Ud & Sn 1). There are 3 sections:







The
discourses of Buddha are divided into 84,000, as to separate addresses.
The division includes all that was spoken by Buddha.”I received from
Buddha,” said Ananda, “82,000 Khandas, and  from the priests 2000; these
are 84,000 Khandas
maintained by me.” They are divided into 275,250, as to the stanzas of
the original text, and into 361,550, as to the stanzas of the
commentary. All the discourses including both those of Buddha and those
of the commentator, are divided  into 2,547 banawaras, containing
737,000 stanzas, and 29,368,000 separate letters.

ESSENCE OF TIPITAKA



Positive Buddha Vacana — The words of the Buddha — Interested in All
Suttas  of Tipitaka as Episodes in visual format including 7D laser
Hologram 360 degree Circarama presentation

from

Analytic Insight Net - FREE Online Tipiṭaka Law Research & Practice University
in
112 CLASSICAL LANGUAGES

Please Visit: http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPydLZ0cavc
for
Maha-parinibbana Sutta — Last Days of the Buddha

The Great Discourse on the Total Unbinding

This wide-ranging sutta, the
longest one in the Pali canon, describes the events leading up to,
during, and immediately following the death and final release
(parinibbana) of the Buddha. This colorful narrative contains a wealth
of Dhamma teachings, including the Buddha’s final instructions that
defined how Buddhism would be lived and practiced long after the
Buddha’s death — even to this day. But this sutta also depicts, in
simple language, the poignant human drama that unfolds among
the Buddha’s many devoted followers around the time of the death of their beloved teacher.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDkKT54WbJ4
for
Mahāsatipaᚭᚭhānasuttaᚃ (Pali) - 2 Kāyānupassanā ānāpānapabbaᚃ

http://www.buddha-vacana.org/sutta/digha.html
Use
http://www.translate.google.com/

Image result for Gifs of Vinaya pitaka compared with Vinayaka

Rector
JCMesh J Alphabets Letter Animation ClipartMesh C Alphabets Letter Animation Clipart


an expert who identifies experts influenced by Expert and Infulencer Sashikanth Chandrasekharan



of

Free Online Awaken One With Awareness Mind (A1wAM)+ ioT (insight-net of Things)  - the art of Giving, taking and Living   to attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal through Electronic Visual Communication Course on

Political
Science-Techno-Politico-Socio Transformation and Economic Emancipation
Movement (TPSTEEM). Struggle hard to see that all fraud EVMs are
replaced by paper ballots by Start using Internet of things by creating
Websites,blogs. Make the best use of facebook, twitter etc., to
propagate TPSTEEMthru FOA1TRPUVF.

Practice Insight Meditation in all postures of the body - Sitting, standing, lying, walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, martial arts etc., for health mind in a healthy body.

When
a just born baby is kept isolated without anyone communicating with the
baby, after a few days it will speak and human natural (Prakrit)
language known as
Classical Magahi Magadhi/Classical Chandaso language/Magadhi Prakrit/Classical Hela Basa (Hela Language)/Classical Pali which are the same. Buddha spoke in Magadhi. All the 7111 languages and dialects are off shoot of Classical
Magahi Magadhi. Hence all of them are Classical in nature (Prakrit) of
Human Beings, just like all other living spieces have their own natural
languages for communication. 111 languages are translated by https://translate.google.com


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https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/ashoka-6226.php

Ashoka (Piya Dasi)

“GREATEST EMPEROR ON EARTH!”


Another king from another kingdom who was given the title of ‘The
Great’. Asoka the Great was the last of the great Indian empire of
Maurya and he ruled from 269 BC. He too has great conquests and his
empire was almost the entire Indian sub-continent. He was a kind and a
good-hearted leader. After the bloody Kalinga War, he was so deeply
moved and pained by the suffering that he denounced his throne and all
his wealth and adopted Buddhism. Today, he is known as an important
champion of Buddhism and he preached the values of Buddhism and the
lesson from Buddha’s life to the people.

Ashoka Biography


Ashoka was the third emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty and ruled almost
the entire Indian subcontinent. This biography profiles his childhood,
life, reign, achievements and timeline
Quick Facts

Born: 304 BC

Nationality: Indian

Famous: Leaders Emperors & Kings

Died At Age: 72

Also Known As: Dharma Ashoka, Ashoka the Terrible, Asoka, Ashoka the Great

Born in: Pataliputra

Famous as: Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty
Family:

Spouse/Ex-: Karuvaki, Maharani Devi, Rani Padmavati, Tishyaraksha

father: Bindusara

mother: Shubhadrangi

siblings: Susima

children: Charumati, Jaluka, Kunala, Mahinda, Sangamitta, Tivala

Died on: 232 BC

place of death: Pataliputra


Ashoka, also known as ‘Ashoka the Great’, was the third ruler of the
Mauryan Empire and one of the greatest emperors of India who ruled
almost the entire Indian subcontinent. He is largely credited for
spreading Buddhism in many parts of the world. He grew up to become an
absolutely fearsome king with a vision to expand his empire
continuously, which stretched across the Indian subcontinent leaving
aside the southernmost parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. However, it was
the conquest of Kalinga, seen as the bloodiest and most lethal, which
left him shattered and transformed him from a fierce vengeful ruler to a
peaceful and non-violent emperor. He built up numerous stupas across
his empire, and got many pillars constructed, the most significant of
them being the Ashoka Pillar, containing the Lion Capital of Ashoka
which is today India’s national emblem. In addition to this, his Ashoka
Chakra, inscribed on many of his relics (most prominent among which is
the Lion Capital of Sarnath and The Ashoka Pillar), is at the centre of
the National flag of India. The reign of Ashoka is considered as one of
the most glorious periods in Indian history. Even though Buddhism faded
in India after his death, it continued to flourish and spread in other
parts, particularly in eastern and south-eastern Asia
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Childhood & Early Life


Ashoka was born as Devanampriya Priyadarshi Samrat Ashoka, in 304
BC, in Pataliputra (close to modern-day Patna), to the second emperor of
the Mauryan Dynasty, Bindusara, and Maharani Dharma.

The
grandson of the founder of Mauryan Dynasty, Chandragupta Maurya, he had
several half-brothers from his father’s other wives.

Born
into a royal family, he was good at fighting since childhood and
received royal military training. Besides, he was also excellent at
hunting, evident from his ability to kill a lion with only a wooden rod.

Accession & Reign

Considered a fearless and heartless military leader, he was deputed to curb the riots in the Avanti province of the empire.
He was appointed the Viceroy of Avanti province in 286 BC after suppressing the uprising at Ujjain.


He was called upon by his father to help heir-apparent Susima in
quelling a revolt at Taxila, which he did successfully, thereby becoming
the Viceroy of Taxila. He is also said to have handled and curbed a
second rebellion in Taxila later.

After his father
Bindusara’s death in 272 BC, a two-year long fierce battle broke out
between Ashoka and his half brothers. According to Dipavansa and
Mahavansa (Buddhist texts), he killed his 99 brothers, sparing just
Vitashoka or Tissa, to capture the throne.

While he ascended
the throne in 272 BC, he had to wait for four years for his coronation
in 269 BC to become the third ruler of the Mauryan Empire.

He
was supported by his father’s ministers, especially Radhagupta, who
played a major role in his victory and was appointed the Prime Minster
after Ashoka became the emperor.

He was constantly at war
during the first eight years of his reign, expanding his empire across
the Indian subcontinent, including Iran and Afghanistan in the West, and
Bangladesh and Burmese border in the East.

He was successful
in acquiring the Godavari-Krishna basin and Mysore in the south, though
the southernmost territories of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Sri Lanka
remained out of his reach.

Even though the predecessors of
Ashoka ruled over a vast empire, the kingdom of Kalinga on the northeast
coast of India (present-day Odisha and North Coastal Andhra Pradesh)
never came under the control of the Mauryan Empire. Ashoka wanted to
change this and invaded Kalinga for the same.

The bloody war
at Kalinga left over 100,000 soldiers and civilians dead and more than
150,000 deported. This large-scale killing of humans sickened Ashoka so
much that he vowed never to fight again and started practicing
non-violence.

According to Buddhist sources, he was so
influenced by the teachings of Buddhism that he converted into a
Buddhist and made it his state religion.

He issued a series
of edicts that laid down the basic rules for formulating policies in his
empire. These were announced through edicts and inscriptions in local
dialects on pillars and rocks.

A number of Buddhist monks
were sent across India and other countries, like Afghanistan, Syria,
Persia, Greece, Italy, Thailand, Vietnam, Nepal, Bhutan, Mongolia,
China, Cambodia, Laos, and Burma, to spread Buddhism.

Major Battles


He attacked Kalinga in 261 BC to further extend his Empire and
conquered it successfully, only to be shocked to see the massive
destruction caused in terms of both property and human lives.

Achievements


He is said to have built 84,000 stupas to store the relics of
Buddha and also as places of meditation, across South Asia and Central
Asia for Buddhist monks.

His ‘Ashoka Chakra’ or ‘the wheel of
righteousness’, widely inscribed on many relics of the Mauryan Emperor
(most prominent among them is the Lion Capital of Sarnath and The Ashoka
Pillar), was adopted into the Indian flag.

The pillar edicts
or Ashokstambha, measuring 40 to 50 feet high, were erected in all
places bordering the Mauryan Empire, reaching as far as Nepal, Pakistan
and Afghanistan, although only ten of them survive to date.


He administered the construction of a sculpture of four lions standing
back to back, known as the Lion Capital of Ashoka, atop the Ashoka
pillar at Sarnath (Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh). It is the national emblem
of India.

The Lion Capital can be found at the Sarnath
Museum, while the Ashoka pillar, also called Ashoka column, is still
intact at its original location.

He oversaw the construction
of ‘viharas’ or intellectual hubs – Nalanda University and Taxila
University, stupas – Dhamek stupa, Bharhut stupa, Sannati stupa, Butkara
stupa, Barabar Caves, Mahabodhi Temple, and Sanchi.

Personal Life & Legacy


While on exile in Kalinga for two years to escape his brothers’
enmity, he met and fell in love with its princess, Kaurwaki, as a
commoner, both unaware of each other’s real identities. The two later
married secretly.

While being treated for his injuries at
Ujjain, he met Vidisa Mahadevi Sakya Kumari (Devi), from Vidisha, whom
he later married. The couple had two children – son Mahendra and
daughter Sanghamitra.

Apart from Kaurwaki and Devi, he is
believed to have had many other wives too. Padmavati, Tishyaraksha and
Asandhimitra were some of them, with whom he had several children.


His children, Mahendra and Sanghamitra, played a major role in
establishing and spreading Buddhism in Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka).


Even though he motivated his people to follow Buddhist values and
principles, he permitted the practice of other religions as well, such
as Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Ajivikaism, and Greek polytheism, in his
empire.

He died in 232 BC, aged 72, as a stable and merciful king who cared for his people.
























Jagatheesan Chandrasekharan

Savitri Phule

Savitribai Phule: Her humble character continues
to be printed in every text-book of Maharashtra, her revolutionary
reforms are remembered in every nook and corner of the country,
Savitribai Phule was a woman who strived against the odds. She had been
mocked, thrown eggs at, tomatoes and even stones by orthodox men but her
zeal to continue teaching girls never faded. She protested against ‘sati’,
sheltered orphaned children, embraced the untouchables, raised the bar
for women’s self-esteem and confidence, and campaigned against many
social ill-practices; a true redeemer. After the demise of her husband
Jotirao, it was Savitribai who took over responsibility of the Satya Shodhak Samaj,
a group which aimed to liberate social ideologies with regard to
untouchables and which was founded by Jotirao himself. She broke all
odds by being the first woman in Indian history to light up her
husband’s pyre. Savitribai Phule continues to remain an inspiration to
us all.

https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/narayana-guru-9827.php




Narayana Guru Biography


Narayana Guru
was a spiritual leader, saint and social reformer from Kerala, India.
Check out this biography to know about his birthday, childhood, family
life, achievements and fun facts about him.



Quick Facts

Nick Name: Nanu

Birthday: August 20, 1856

Nationality: Indian

Famous:
Social Reformers


Spiritual & Religious Leaders

Died At Age: 72

Sun Sign: Leo

Also Known As: Shree Narayana Guru Swami

Born Country: India

Born in: Chempazhanthy, Thiruvananthapuram, India

Famous as: Spiritual Leader, Social Reformer

Family:

father: Madan Asan

mother: Kuttiyamma

Died on: September 20, 1928

place of death: Sivagiri, Kerala, India

Founder/Co-Founder: Alwaye Advaita Ashram





Narayana Guru, also known
as Shree Narayana Guru Swami, was a spiritual leader, saint and social
reformer from Kerala, India. He belonged to the Ezhava community
considered as ‘Avarna’ or belonging to the lower caste. He was a social
reformer and led a movement to end the injustices prevalent in the Hindu
caste-ridden society in Kerala. He believed in spiritualism, social
equality, freedom, and brotherhood. He dedicated his entire life to
promoting spiritual enlightenment. He is venerated as a saint and “Guru”
for his profound Vedic knowledge, poetic excellence, and his teachings
of tolerance and non-violence, which impacted a large population in
India as well as abroad. He was instrumental in laying the groundwork
for social and spiritual reform in Kerala. He believed that spiritual
and social growth could be attained by education and establishment of
learning centers. Thus, he built several temples, schools, and education
centers for the underprivileged. He dismissed the ‘Chaturvarna’ and the
beliefs attached to it. Many years after his death, he was commemorated
on an Indian postage stamp by the Indian government. The Sri Lankan
government also issued a commemorative stamp in his honor.


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Childhood & Early Life
  • Narayana
    Guru, lovingly known as ‘Nanu,’ was born on August 28, 1855, in
    Chempazhanthy near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. His father, Madan Asan,
    was a farmer from the Ezhava community, and his mother was Kuttiyamma.
  • He
    was educated in the traditional gurukul system under the tutelage of
    Chempazhanthi Mootha Pillai. His mother passed away when he was only 15
    years old.
  • At
    the age of 21, he traveled to Travancore (modern-day
    Thiruvananthapuram) to learn from the Sanskrit scholar Raman Pillai
    Asan, who belonged to the Puthuppally Varanappally family. From him,
    Narayana Guru learned the Vedas, the Upanishads, literature, and logic
    rhetoric in Sanskrit.
  • In
    1881, he abandoned his studies and returned to his village owing to his
    father’s ill health. He also set up a small village school to educate
    local children, where he was known as “Nanu Asan.”

Social Reformer
  • Narayana
    Guru left his village and home to begin his life as a spiritual
    wanderer. He traveled extensively through Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It was
    during his journeys that he became associated with the social and
    religious reformer Chattampi Swamikal, who, in turn, introduced Guru to
    Ayyavu Swamikal, who taught him meditation and yoga.
  • After
    years of traveling, he set up a sanctuary at Pillathadam cave at
    Maruthwamala and remained there for eight years, meditating and
    practicing yoga.
  • In
    1888, he went to Aruvippuram, where he meditated and took a rock from
    the river and sanctified it as a Shiva idol, which is now known as the
    Aruvippuram Shiva Temple.
  • Since
    Guru belonged to a lower caste, the upper caste Brahmins questioned the
    act of him performing the consecration known as “Aruvipuram Pratishta,”
    and his right to consecrate the Shiva idol.
  • On
    May 15, 1903, he, along with Padmanabhan Palpu, founded the ‘Sree
    Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam’ (SNDP) that worked towards the
    spiritual upliftment and education of the underprivileged Ezhava
    community.
  • In
    1904, Guru moved to Sivagiri, near Varkala, and established a school
    for children from the lower sections of the society who were often
    discriminated against and segregated.
  • In
    1912, he built the Sarada Mutt in Sivagiri. He also established several
    temples in Thrissur, Kozhikode, Anchuthengu, Kannur, Mangalore, and
    Thalassery and even traveled to Sri Lanka in 1926.
  • He initiated several activities, including the Sivagiri pilgrimage organized after his visit to Pallathuruthy in 1927.
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Fight Against Casteism
  • During
    the 19th and early 20th centuries, casteism was the order of the day in
    the Indian society. People from lower castes like the Thiyyas and
    Ezhavas and the untouchable castes like Pulayars, Paraiyars and tribals
    suffered at the hands of the Brahmins.

  • Even
    Guru wasn’t spared of these atrocities, and hence as his first act of
    protest, he erected the Siva idol at Aruvippuram in 1888. He built over
    forty-five temples in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
  • He
    even sanctified several non-traditional objects like a slab with the
    inscriptions “Truth, Ethics, Compassion,” a vegetarian Shiva, a mirror,
    and also a sculpture made by an Italian artist.
  • He
    preached about living with compassion and tolerance for each other. One
    of his significant works, the “Anukampadasakam,” praises the teachings
    of The Buddha, Krishna, Jesus Christ, and Adi Shankara.
Vaikom Satyagraha
  • The
    Vaikom Satyagraha was a social protest that began when people from the
    lower castes rebelled against untouchability practiced in the Hindu
    society of Travancore.
  • Reportedly,
    when an upper caste person stopped Narayana Guru on the way to Vaikom
    Temple, his followers and supporters were agitated and thus sparked the
    Vaikom Satyagraha.
  • Guru’s
    disciples Muloor S. Padmanabha Panicker and Kumaran Asan wrote poems
    disapproving of the incident. In 1918, another follower, T. K. Madhavan,
    appealed to the Sree Moolam Popular Assembly for their right to enter
    any temple without any discrimination based on caste.
  • Protesters
    like K. Kelappan and K. P. Kesava Menon formed a group and declared it
    the ‘Kerala Paryatanam.’ Mahatma Gandhi also supported the movement, and
    it snowballed into a mass movement.
  • As
    a result, the temple was opened to all, and three roads leading to it
    were built for people of all castes. This protest played a significant
    role in the Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936.
Writings & Philosophy
  • Narayana
    Guru wrote several religious works like “Atmopadesa Śatakam” and “Daiva
    Dasakam,” which are collections of spiritual poems and prayers.

  • He also translated texts like “Thirukural of Valluvar,” “Ozhivil Odukkam of Kannudaiya Vallalaar,” and “Ishavasya Upanishad.”
  • He
    believed in and preached the maxim “One Caste, One Religion, One God
    for All” (Oru Jathi, Oru Matham, Oru Daivam, Manushyanu).
  • He
    even propagated the non-dualistic philosophy of Adi Sankara, combining
    it with the concepts of social equality and brotherhood.
Family & Personal Life
  • Unfortunately,
    very little is known about Narayana Guru’s personal life. However, it
    is known that he married Kaliamma when he was about 27 years of age. He
    did not live with his wife for long.
  • The
    visit to Pallathuruthy in 1927 was the final trip made by Narayana
    Guru. His health was deteriorating, and he had several physicians caring
    for him in his last days.
  • He moved to Sarada Mutt in Sivagiri in 1928, and died on September 20 of the same year.
  • His
    tomb is situated in Sivagiri, and every year September 20 is observed
    as ‘Sree Narayana Guru Samadhi.’ His birth anniversary is observed as
    ‘Sree Narayana Jayanthi’ and both days remain public holidays in his
    honor.






Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)




All Aboriginal  Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch)

B. R. Ambedkar
was an eminent leader, social reformer, scholar and jurist. Go through
this biography to learn in details about his life, career, works and
timeline.





Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Report Abuse

Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar popularly known as Ambedkar,was the main
architect of Indian Institution.He worked as a professor of Law,and put
up his practice in Mumbai High court.He was identified mainly for his
Fight against Untouchability.
One of the greatest personality born ever
on this earth. The saviour of humanity especially the women and
downtrodden. The architect of modern india. The maker of the holy book
through which the whole country is running with great pride. An
educationist, socialist,economist, reformist, and a great philosopher.
An immortal personality who live with mortals. Uncomparable to anyone.
Hat’s off to this greatest personality.


First Law Minister of India.

A revolutionary writer

A revolutionary social reformer

The great follower of Lord Buddha.

In 20th century non of any leader was as
educated as Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. I asume that they are the greatest
leader ever who are followed by world


great man

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is the greatest indian ever.


He is the only Indian whose thought’s
relevance increasing with time. The Only leader of india who first think
about social justice and civil liberty


Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is always No. 1.
When we talking about social equality then Ambedkar is Greatest Leader
of India even including gandhi.like Martin king luther for america.
Ambedkar is most intelligent person of India who study in very difficult
condition.
When untouchable has no rights A man who rise the voice of people. He is
Modern man of India who give right of equality in society and give Best
Constitution to Our Nation.


His birth day is on april 14

he is the architect of our indian constitution.he is the first law minister of our independent india…


No any leader can’t equal for babasaheb!

Dr.Baba Saheb BR.Ambedkar is not a just a name it is a heart and soul of the Indian constitution,


“A responsible person must have the
courage to rethink and change his
thoughts. Of course there must be good
and sufficient reasons for unlearning
what he has learned and for recasting his
thoughts. There can be no finality in thinking.” Dr Ambedkar


“In India, a man is not a scavenger
because of his work. He is a scavenger
because of his birth irrespective of the
question whether he does scavenging or
not” — Dr Ambedkar


“Life should be great rather than long.” ~
Dr Ambedkar


GoDfather of India..

The greatest Indian BEFORE Mahatma Gandhi..!


WE ARE ” BECAUSE” HE WAS

he is the father of our development

Real father of India.

True architect of Indian Judicial system,
Only one law he missed to frame that keeps still india back ward. “Each
politician should have compulsary master degree from an regonised
university in his department which he or she is heading”.


one of the most educated person in those days
every indian shud feel proud abt dis man
Hates off to Babasaheb ambedkar


greatest Indian… challenged all the 33 carore hindu gods ,,he is truly masihaa ….BAAP OF THE NATION


no one is greater than B.R.AMBEDKAR.

Babasaheb was the architect of humanity

a great man of india,pride of india..architect of indian constitution


He will be continued to remember for his great works


In Sab ka baap… Babasahab… Greatest personality ever… God of modern india…


A great hero in deed…

he was the real hero .hero for those need
help ,thoughts of people who cant think , god for those who worship
humanity and inspiration to all HEADSOFF TO HIM


‘’ he is the leader of the nation ‘’

Very good personality ,in the indian
country ,in india no one have not the higher education in those days
compare with him,his alone the very good law maker in the past present
and future

architect of indian constitution

Pride of india

Best leader of our country

Man who has given you right to fight with “Pen & Paper”


Dr.Ambedkar, is the real great man of
india, he was not only great leader but prophet for downtodden. he also
save hindu dharma as there are evil castism in hindu dharma, he always
loves india. he changed attitude of people to think scientific. he was
most intelligent person in india. his worship should be done by not only
dalit but also people of other community and caste as he gave the great
constitution to india.


Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar was gave his hard
work not only for the dalits peoples ,all the peoples has been
treated equally because his hard work .(Article -14 of indian
constitution guaranteed )

Dr.BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR IS THE ONE MAN
ARMY for all the citizens of india,he alone gave to us the ” social
justice” in the indian history ,HE IS THE REAL GOD FOR THE BELOW POVERTY
LINE PEOPLES.

Today the indian government is fuctioning
properly why because THE GREAT LEADER DR.BABASAHEB B.R.AMBEDKAR was
gave to us the wholy book of india is “THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA “

greatest leader of india

This is the real hero of india. He is god for dalith religon

He was a real son of our country — BHIM

True legend

He is the heart of the Dalit peoples and others


Great personality and very good man.

.Role in Drafting India’s Constitution
“Ambedkar at his desk” (an art piece) at Ambedkar Museum in PuneUpon
India’s independence on August 15, 1947, the new Congress-led government
invited Ambedkar to serve as the nation’s first law minister, which he
accepted. On August 29, Ambedkar was appointed Chairman of the
Constitution Drafting Committee, charged by the Assembly to write free
India’s new Constitution. Ambedkar won great praise from his colleagues
and contemporary observers for his drafting work. In this task
Ambedkar’s study of sangha practice among early Buddhists and his
extensive reading in Buddhist scriptures were to come to his aid. Sangha
practice incorporated voting by ballot, rules of debate and precedence
and the use of agendas, committees and proposals to conduct business.
Sangha practice itself was modelled on the oligarchic system of
governance followed by tribal republics of ancient India such as the
Shakyas and the Lichchavis. Thus, although Ambedkar used Western models
to give his Constitution shape, its spirit was Indian and, indeed,
tribal.

He was enacted the womens rights bill and he fight for all communities peoples and their reservations


symbol of justice

A Man of Millenium


Most Imp Bill advocated By Dr. Ambedkar which failed due to Congress ,
1) The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act
2) Population Control Bill
3) Hindu Code Bill (Equity to all Womans)
4) Reservation On the basis of EBC(Economic Backward Class)
5) Election Candidate must be Educated ………


Great Man in History

GOD OF INDIA

A true Leader of Indian People

Most brilliant Student in a History of OXFORD University


Man OF Indian’s Heart


One of the earliest Indian student in the
United States, he earned multiple Doctorates from Columbia University
and the University of Landon in Economics, politics and law. As a
political leader Dr.B.R.Ambedkar was a better at articulating powerful
ideas than in creating the structures to see them through. But the
constitution of which he was the principle author remains the best
instrument for pursuing his ideas. The leader and spokesman of a
community left his greatest gift to all communities-a legacy that
belongs to all of us, and one of which we are yet to prove ourselves
wholly worthy.”


HE WAS VERY LEARNED PERSONALTY.


Indian law

https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/b-r-ambedkar-3657.php




B. R. Ambedkar Biography


B. R. Ambedkar
was an eminent leader, social reformer, scholar and jurist. Go through
this biography to learn in details about his life, career, works and
timeline.



Quick Facts

Birthday: April 14, 1891

Nationality: Indian

Famous:
Quotes By B. R. Ambedkar


Humanitarian

Died At Age: 65

Sun Sign: Aries

Also Known As: Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Babasaheb Ambedkar

Born Country: India

Born in: Dr. Ambedkar Nagar

Famous as: Indian Jurist

Family:

Spouse/Ex-: Ramabai Ambedkar (m. 1906–1935), Savita Ambedkar (m. 1948–1956)

father: Ramji Maloji Sakpa

mother: Bhimabai Sakpal

children: Bhaiyasaheb Ambedkar

Died on: December 6, 1956

place of death: Delhi

Founder/Co-Founder: Buddhist Society of India, Independent Labour Party, Scheduled Castes Federation, Samata Sainik Dal

More Facts




B.R. Ambedkar was a
leading activist and social reformer who dedicated his life, working for
the upliftment of the Dalits (the untouchables) and the socially
backward class of India. A messiah for the downtrodden, Ambedkar
continuously fought for the eradication of caste discrimination that had
fragmented the Indian society. Born in a socially backward family,
Ambedkar was the victim of caste discrimination, inequality, and
prejudice. However, fighting against all odds, he received higher
education, becoming the first ever untouchable to do so. After
completing his studies, he launched himself politically, fighting for
the rights of the depressed class and against the inequality practiced
in the society. He was a crusader of social equality and justice.
Academically trained as a jurist, he went on to become the first law
minister of free India and the framer or chief architect of the
‘Constitution of India.’ In his later years, he acted as a revivalist of
Buddhism in India. He converted to Buddhism, freeing himself of the
perils of caste differences and unfairness practiced by the Hindus.

Primis Player Placeholder
Childhood & Early Life
  • Ambedkar
    was born Bhimrao Ramji Sakpal on 14 April 1891, in Mhow, Central
    Provinces, British India, to Ramji Maloji Sakpal and Bhimabai. His
    father served in the Indian army. Ambedkar was the last of the 14
    children born to his parents.
  • Belonging
    to ‘Mahar’ caste and considered among the untouchables, he suffered
    from socio-economic discrimination. However, due to special privileges
    given to the children of parents serving the army, he received good
    education.
  • A
    young Ambedkar faced a lot of problems during his school days but he
    managed to overcome his problems. In 1897, he along with his family
    moved to Bombay where he enrolled at ‘Elphinstone High School,’ becoming
    the first ever untouchable to receive higher education.
  • Completing
    his matriculation degree in 1907, he enrolled at ‘Elphinstone College’
    in 1908, once again creating history by becoming the first untouchable
    to enter a university. He graduated from ‘Elphinstone College’ in 1912
    with a degree in economics and political science.
  • He
    secured a job with the Baroda state government but did not continue his
    job for long as he was awarded a ‘Baroda State Scholarship,’ which
    provided him the opportunity to receive postgraduate education at
    ‘Columbia University’ in New York City. To pursue the same, he moved to
    America in 1913.
  • He
    completed his MA in June 1915, majoring in economics, with sociology,
    history, philosophy, and anthropology as other subjects of study. In
    1927, he obtained a PhD in economics.
  • Meanwhile,
    in 1916, he enrolled for a bar course at ‘Gray’s Inn.’ However, due to
    the termination of his scholarship, he had to return to India.

Career
  • Upon
    returning to India, he worked as the defence secretary for the Princely
    State of Baroda. However, the work was not easy for him as he was often
    ridiculed and castigated for being an untouchable.
  • He
    quit his job as the defence secretary and took up jobs as a private
    tutor and accountant. He even established a consultancy business which
    failed to flourish due to his social status. He finally landed a job as a
    teacher at the ‘Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics’ in Mumbai.
  • A
    victim of caste discrimination, Ambedkar was inspired to uplift the
    pitiable state of the untouchables in the society. Thus, with the help
    of the Maharaja of Kolhapur, he founded a weekly journal called
    ‘Mooknayak’ which criticized the orthodox beliefs of the Hindus and the
    reluctance of politicians to fight against the discrimination.
  • Accumulating
    enough wealth, he moved to London to complete his education. In 1921,
    he received his master’s degree from ‘London School of Economics.’ Two
    years later, he acquired his D.Sc. in economics. After completing his
    law studies, he was admitted to the British bar as a barrister.
  • After
    returning to India, he started working as a legal professional in the
    country. His passion for eradicating the practice of caste
    discrimination led him to establish the ‘Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha.’
    The main aim of the organization was to provide education to the
    backward class.
  • In
    1925, he was appointed to ‘Bombay Presidency Committee’ to work under
    the ‘All-European Simon Commission.’ The commission reports were
    thrashed by the Congress which set up its own version of the
    Constitution of free India.
  • In
    1927, he actively worked against untouchability. Instead of taking the
    route of violence, he followed in the footsteps of Gandhi and led a
    ‘Satyagraha’ movement. He fought for the rights of the untouchables who
    were denied access to the main water source and temples.
  • In
    1932, due to his rising popularity as a crusader, he received an
    invitation to attend the ‘Second Round Table Conference’ in London. At
    the conference, he demanded a separate electorate for the depressed
    class, but his views were opposed by Gandhi.
  • Finally,
    he reached an understanding with Gandhi and settled for the ‘Poona
    Pact,’ according to which a reservation was granted to the depressed
    class in the regional legislative assemblies and Central Council of
    States.

  • In
    1935, he was appointed as the principal of the ‘Government Law
    College,’ a position he retained for two years. The following year, he
    founded the ‘Independent Labour Party,’ which went on to secure 14 seats
    in the 1937 Bombay elections.
  • In
    1936, he published his book ‘The Annihilation of Caste’ in which he
    ridiculed Hindu orthodox leaders and condemned the caste system
    practiced in the country. Next, he came up with his work ‘Who Were the
    Shudras?’ in which he explained the formation of the untouchables.
  • As
    soon as India became independent, he administered the transformation of
    his political party into the ‘All India Scheduled Castes Federation.’
    However, the party did not perform well at the 1946 elections, held for
    the ‘Constituent Assembly of India.’
  • He
    served as the minister for labour for the ‘Viceroy’s Executive
    Council.’ He also served on the board of the ‘Defence Advisory
    Committee.’ It was his dedication that earned him the chair of free
    India’s first law minister. He also became the chairman of the drafting
    committee of the ‘Constitution of India.’
  • The
    Constitution drafted by him aimed at bringing about a social revolution
    in the country and freeing it from any sort of discrimination. It
    provided the citizens with freedom of religion, abolished
    untouchability, advocated rights for women, and bridged the gap between
    the different classes of the society.
  • Other
    than his role as the framer of the Constitution, he also helped
    establish the ‘Finance Commission of India.’ It was through his policies
    that the nation progressed both economically and socially. He
    emphasized on free economy with a stable rupee.
  • He
    rejected the ‘Aryan Invasion Theory’ which describes the origin of the
    Aryans outside the Indian sub-continent. He came to a conclusion that
    the Aryans originally belonged to India.
  • In
    1951, following the indefinite stalling of the ‘Hindu Code Bill’ which
    was proposed by him, he resigned from the Cabinet. He contested for a
    seat at the ‘Lok Sabha’ but was defeated. He was later appointed to the
    ‘Rajya Sabha’ and remained a member of the ‘Rajya Sabha’ until his
    death.


Personal Life & Legacy
  • In
    1906, he married Ramabai, who was just nine years old at the time. In
    1912, the couple was blessed with a son named Yashwant. Apart from
    Yashwant, they had four other children, who died in infancy.
  • In 1935, Ramabai breathed her last when she succumbed to a long-term illness.
  • It
    was while undergoing treatment for neurotic pain and lack of sleep that
    he first met Dr. Sharada Kabir. The two eventually got married on April
    15, 1948. Post her wedding, she renamed herself Savita Ambedkar.
  • He
    got converted to Buddhism after attending a convention of Buddhist
    scholars in Sri Lanka. Inspired by their preaching, he wrote a book on
    Buddhism. After his conversion to Buddhism, he founded the ‘Bharatiya
    Bauddha Mahasabha’ (Buddhist Society of India) in 1955. He completed his
    final work ‘The Buddha and His Dhamma’ in 1956. The book was published
    posthumously.
  • His
    deteriorating health worsened further as he suffered from diabetes and
    weak eyesight. He breathed his last in his home on December 6, 1956.
  • Since
    he had converted to Buddhism, a Buddhist-style cremation was organized
    for him. The ceremony was attended by hundreds of thousands of
    supporters, activists, and admirers.
  • To
    commemorate his contribution to the society, a memorial was constructed
    and established. His birthday, celebrated as ‘Ambedkar Jayanti’ or
    ‘Bhim Jayanti,’ is a public holiday in India.
  • In 1990, he was posthumously awarded India’s highest civilian honor, ‘Bharat Ratna.’
Trivia
  • This
    revolutionary, who fought against the untouchability practiced in
    India, is popularly known as the chief architect of the ‘Constitution of
    India.’

Top 10 Facts You Did Not Know About B.R. Ambedkar
  • Ambedkar played a key role in the establishment of ‘Reserve Bank of India’ in 1935.
  • He had suggested the division of Madhya Pradesh and Bihar for better governance way back in 1955.
  • He wanted to sponsor Sanskrit as the official language of the Indian union.
  • Ambedkar contested the ‘Lok Sabha’ election twice, failing to win the election on both occasions.
  • His autobiography ‘Waiting for a Visa’ is used as a text book in the ‘Columbia University.’
  • He opposed the whole idea of reservation of jobs and constituencies and didn’t want the reservation system to exist at all.
  • He was the first Indian to complete a doctorate degree overseas.
  • Ambedkar was the one who insisted on reducing the working hours from 14 to eight hours a day in India.
  • He strongly opposed ‘Article 370’ of the Indian constitution which gave special status to the state of Jammu & Kashmir.
  • He played a key role in forming the ‘National Employment Exchange Agency’ in India.




B. R. Ambedkar


alt


Image Credit: ÃïÂŋÂŊïÂŋÂŊ BCCL


One of the greatest personalities ever born in India, Ambedkar was a
jurist, political leader, philosopher, anthropologist, historian,
revolutionary, writer and much more. He was a revolutionary leader and
held forth on his views even if they went against the popular grain. He
also revived Buddhism in India, a legacy still seen in Dalit
communities, who’s cause Ambedkar championed throughout his life.
Ambedkar is also known as the Father of the Indian Constitution, on
behalf of which the nation celebrated Republic Day.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dalits

List of SC/STs
Following is a list of SC/ST people organised by profession, field, or focus.


Inspirational Leader

Kanshi Ram, Founder of Bahujan Samaj Party

Academics

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanshi_Ram
www.bamcef.info/manyawar-shri-kanshiram-ji.php

B. R. Ambedkar, jurist, economist, politician and social reformer

Early life


Kanshi Ram was born on 15 March 1934 in Ropar district, Punjab, British
India. Some sources say his birthplace was the village of Pirthipur
Bunga and others that it was Khawaspur village. Although his family were
Ramdasia Sikhs, an untouchable sect, in Punjab at that time there was
relatively little stigma attached to being an untouchable.

After studies at various local schools, Ram graduated in 1956 with a BSc degree from Government College Ropar.

Career


Kanshi Ram joined the offices of the Explosive Research and Development
Laboratory in Pune[5] under the government’s scheme of positive
discrimination. It was at this time that he first experienced caste
discrimination and in 1964 he became an activist. Those who admire him
claim that he was spurred to this after reading B. R. Ambedkar’s book
Annihilation of Caste and witnessing what he perceived to be
discrimination against a SC/ST employee who wished to observe a holiday
celebrating Ambedkar’s birth.

Ram initially supported the
Republican Party of India (RPI) but became disillusioned with its
co-operation with the Indian National Congress. In 1971, he founded the
All India SC, ST, OBC and Minority Employees Association and in 1978
this became BAMCEF, an organisation that aimed to persuade educated
members of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backwards
Classes and Minorities to support Ambedkarite principles. BAMCEF was
neither a political nor a religious body and it also had no aims to
agitate for its purpose. Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to “the
class among the Dalits that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identities”.

Later, in 1981,
Ram formed another social organisation known as SC/ST Shoshit Samaj
Sangharsh Samiti (DSSSS, or DS4). He started his attempt of
consolidating the Dalit vote and in 1984 he founded the Bahujan Samaj
Party (BSP). He fought his first election in 1984 from Janjgir-Champa
seat in Chhattisgarh. The BSP found success in Uttar Pradesh, initially
struggled to bridge the divide between Dalits and Other Backward
Classes[15] but later under leadership of Mayawati bridged this gap.


In 1982 he wrote his book The Chamcha Age (an Era of the Stooges) and
in it he used of the term chamcha (stooge) for SC/ST leaders who for
their selfish motives work for parties like the Indian National Congress
(INC) such as Jagjivan Ram or Ram Vilas Paswan and for Bharatiya Janata
Party (BJP) keeping in ethical context with Ambedkar’s book What
Gandhi and the Congress Have Done to the Untouchables to the politics of
Dalit liberation.[citation needed]

However, it was in 1986 when
he declared his transition from a social worker to a politician by
stating that he was not going to work for/with any other organization
other than the BSP. During the meetings and seminars of the party, Ram
stated to ruling classes that if they promised to do something, it would
pay to keep the promise, or else just accept that they were not capable
of fulfilling their promises.[citation needed]

After forming BSP
Ram said the party would fight first election to lose, next to get
noticed and the third election to win.[18] In 1988 he contested
Allahabad seat up against a future Prime Minister V. P. Singh and
performed impressively but lost polling close to 70,000 votes.

He
unsuccessfully contested from East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency) in
1989 and came at fourth position. Then he represented the 11th Lok Sabha
from Hoshiarpur,[20] Kanshiram was also elected as member of Lok Sabha
from Etawah in Uttar Pradesh. In 2001 he publicly announced Mayawati as
his successor.

In the late 1990s, Ram described the BJP as the
most corrupt (mahabrasht) party in India and the INC, Samajwadi Party
and Janata Dal as equally corrupt.

Proposed conversion to Buddhism


In 2002, Ram announced his intention to convert to Buddhism on 14
October 2006, the 50th anniversary of Ambedkar’s conversion. He intended
for 20,000,000 of his supporters to convert at the same time. Part of
the significance of this plan was that Ram’s followers include not only
untouchables, but persons from a variety of castes, who could
significantly broaden Buddhism’s support. However, he died on 9 October
2006.

Mayawati his successor said “Saheb Kanshi Ram and I had
decided that we will convert and adopt Buddhism when we will get
“absolute majority” at the Centre. We wanted to do this because we can
make a difference to the religion by taking along with us millions of
people. If we convert without power then only we too will be converting.
But when you have power you can really create a stir”.Death


Saheb was a diabetic. He suffered a heart attack in 1994, an arterial
clot in his brain in 1995, and a paralytic stroke in 2003.[25] He died
in New Delhi on 9 October 2006 of a severe heart attack at the age of
72. He had been virtually bed-ridden for more than two years. According
to his wishes, his funeral rites were performed according to Buddhist
tradition, with Mayawati lighting the pyre.His ashes were placed in an
urn and kept at Prerna Sthal, where many people paid their respects.


In his condolence message, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
described Ram as “one of the greatest social reformers of our time ..
his political ideas and movements had a significant impact on our
political evolution â€Ļ He had a larger understanding of social change and
was able to unite various underprivileged sections of our society and
provide a political platform where their voices would be heard.” Under
Ram’s leadership, the BSP won 14 parliamentary seats in the 1999 federal
elections.

Bahujan Samaj PartyMayawatiBAMCEF

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAMCEF

BAMCEF
BAMCEF is an Indian charitable organization. It was founded in 1978 to
enlist the aid of the comparatively well-educated among the bahujans and
other communities of India who suffer discrimination. It has no
political or religious agenda, nor does it promote agitation to achieve
its goals.[6] BAMCEF is an acronym for “The All India Backward and
Minority Communities Employees Federation”. The term backward got its
significance from the Constitution of India, which divides the oppressed
and exploited Indians into categories on the basis of their
backwardness, namely: Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST),
Other Backward Classes (OBC) and Minority Communities.

BAMCEF
The All India Backward And Minority Communities Employees Federation
Formation
6 December 1978 (39 years ago)
Founder
Kanshi Ram
Founded at
BAMCEF Convention at New Delhi
Type
Social organization of educated employees[1]
Legal status
Active
Members
2 million[2]
President
Waman Meshram (Bharat Mukti Morcha faction[3])
B. D. Borkar (Mulnivasi Sangh faction[4][5])
Website
www.bamcef.info
www.bamcef.org.in
www.bamcef.co.in
bamcefmission.com
The origins of BAMCEF lie in an organisation for employees of repressed
communities that was established in 1971 by Kanshi Ram.[6] This became
BAMCEF at a convention held in Delhi in 1978, with an official launch on
6 December 1978, the anniversary of the death of B. R. Ambedkar.[7] The
ideology of BAMCEF is to fight the entrenched system of inequality that
divides Indian society, and to abolish the caste system.

History


As an employee of the Defence Research and Development Laboratory in
Pune, Kanshi Ram realized that the formation of a bahujan bureaucracy
was important to serve Dalits’ interests. He set about forming a
federation, through which he worked his way up the bureaucratic
hierarchy. By identifying a few zealous officers, he was able to
influence lower-ranked staff.

The motto of this organisation was
‘Payback to society’, to inspire the Dalit bureaucrats to do their bit
for the Dalit masses. In this way, a continuous supply of intellectual
property, money and talent was ensured. Ram did not want to make BAMCEF
an employees’ union. He wanted it to become an organisation of educated
Bahujan employees: “the think tank, talent bank, and financial bank of
the Bahujan samaj”.

BAMCEF raised funds to promote their agenda
and for training.Kanshi Ram appointed state-level conveners as well as
mandal conveners to act as links between state and district levels.[10]
Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to “the class among the indigenous
moolnivasi bahujans that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identities”.

Others established
the Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti (DS4) in 1981. This
organization made an impact on people in North and South India. Later,
this group was led by Ishaan Singh Tomar. Before the formation of the
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), DS4 entered local elections in Delhi and
Haryana in the name of “Limited Political Action”. Later on, Ram
dissolved DS4 and formed BSP as a completely political wing.[12] This
caused strain within BAMCEF ranks.

In early 1986, BAMCEF split.
Kanshi Ram announced that he was no longer willing to work for any
organisation other than BSP. One element of BAMCEF, which was associated
with Kanshi Ram, became a shadow organisation to help BSP in electoral
mobilisation. Those remaining in BAMCEF after Ram’s departure registered
BAMCEF as an independent non-political organisation in 1987.


Khaparde was national president of BAMCEF from 1987 until his death on
29 February 2000. His successor was Waman Chindhuji Meshram.

Narendra Jadhav, Indian economist, writer and educationist


Gopal Baba WalangkarGrace Banu, Scheduled Caste and transgender
activist; first transgender in state of Tamil Nadu be admitted to an
engineering college

Nagraj Manjule, Marathi director

Pa.Ranjith,Flim writer,Director

Governance
Non-Inspirational Mis-LeaderRamnath Kovind,President of IndiaK. R. Narayanan, former President of IndiaInspirational Leader
Mayawati, Four time Chief Minister of Uttar PradeshAshok Tanwar,
President of Haryana Congress, former Member of
ParliamentNon-Inspirational Mis-LeaderRam Vilas Paswan, President of the
Lok Janshakti Party, eight time member of Lok Sabha
B. Shyam
Sunder, Founder of Bharatiya Bhim SenaDamodaram Sanjivayya, First
Scheduled Caste Chief Minister of an Indian state(Andhra Pradesh),
first SC President of Indian National Congress party(1962)Jagjivan Ram
(1908–1986), First Labour Minister of Independent India, former Deputy
Prime Minister of IndiaJignesh Mevani, Independent MLA from Vadgam
Gujarat, youth movement leader and activistMeira Kumar, First woman
Speaker of the Lok Sabha (2009-2014), Daughter of Jagjivan Ram.Jogendra
Nath Mandal, was one of the central and leading Founding Fathers of
modern state of Pakistan, and legislator serving as country’s first
minister of law and labour, and also was second minister of commonwealth
and Kashmir affairs.Krishna Kumari Kohli, Member of Pakistan SenatRam
Lal Rahi, Minister of State for Home Affairs and Four times MP from
Mishrikh in Sitapur district.

Literature

Madara
Chennaiah, the first poet in the history of Vachana literature who was a
cobbler.Namdeo Dhasal, Marathi poet and writer from
Maharashtra.Military

Immanuvel DevendrarMadurai Veeran, a folk hero of Arunthathiyar origin.

Music
Sumeet SamosGinni MahiAmar Singh ChamkilaKanth Kaler
Religion and reform


Gallela Prasad, the fourth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of
Cuddapah, in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.Marampudi Joji, the
third Archbishop of Hyderabad.Rettamalai Srinivasan, SC/ST Activist,
politician, freedom fighter and founder of Paraiyar Mahajana
SabhaAyyankali, social reformerGiani Ditt Singh, Started Singh Sabha
Movement to bring SC/STs of Punjab to sikh-fold.Bhagu, a devotee of
KrishnaMangu Ram Mugowalia, started Ad-Dharmi movementRavidas, mystic
poet-saInt of the bhakti movementIyothee Thass, a prominent anti-caste
activist and a practitioner of Siddha medicine, a publisher, and writer
in Tamil, who is regarded as a pioneer of the Buddhist movement in the
Tamil region in the early twentieth century.

Sports

Vithal Palwankar, Cricketer
Kanshi Ram (15 March 1934 – 9 October 2006), also known as Bahujan
Nayak or Saheb, was an Indian politician and social reformer who worked
for the upliftment and political mobilisation of the Bahujans, the
untouchable groups at the bottom of the caste system in India. Towards
this end, Kanshi Ram founded SC/ST Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti
(DS-4), the All India Backward and Minority Communities Employees’
Federation (BAMCEF) in 1971 and the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) in 1984.
He ceded leadership of the BSP to his protÊgÊ Mayawati who has served
four terms as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.

Kanshi Ram
Founder and National president of the Bahujan Samaj Party
In office
14 April 1984 – 18 September 2003
Succeeded by
Mayawati
Member of the Indian Parliament
for Hoshiarpur
In office
1996–1998
Preceded by
Kamal Chaudhry
Succeeded by
Kamal Chaudhry
Member of the Indian Parliament
for Etawah
In office
1991–1996
Preceded by
Ram Singh Shakya
Succeeded by
Ram Singh Shakya
Personal details
Born
15 March 1934
Rupnagar district, Punjab Province, British India
Died
9 October 2006 (aged 72)
New Delhi
Political party
Bahujan Samaj Party
www.bamcef.info/manyawar-shri-kanshiram-ji.php

Early life


Kanshi Ram was born on 15 March 1934 in Ropar district, Punjab, British
India. Some sources say his birthplace was the village of Pirthipur
Bunga and others that it was Khawaspur village. Although his family were
Ramdasia Sikhs, an untouchable sect, in Punjab at that time there was
relatively little stigma attached to being an untouchable.

After studies at various local schools, Ram graduated in 1956 with a BSc degree from Government College Ropar.

Career


Kanshi Ram joined the offices of the Explosive Research and Development
Laboratory in Pune[5] under the government’s scheme of positive
discrimination. It was at this time that he first experienced caste
discrimination and in 1964 he became an activist. Those who admire him
claim that he was spurred to this after reading B. R. Ambedkar’s book
Annihilation of Caste and witnessing what he perceived to be
discrimination against a SC/ST employee who wished to observe a holiday
celebrating Ambedkar’s birth.

Ram initially supported the
Republican Party of India (RPI) but became disillusioned with its
co-operation with the Indian National Congress. In 1971, he founded the
All India SC, ST, OBC and Minority Employees Association and in 1978
this became BAMCEF, an organisation that aimed to persuade educated
members of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backwards
Classes and Minorities to support Ambedkarite principles. BAMCEF was
neither a political nor a religious body and it also had no aims to
agitate for its purpose. Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to “the
class among the Dalits that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identities”.

Later, in 1981,
Ram formed another social organisation known as SC/ST Shoshit Samaj
Sangharsh Samiti (DSSSS, or DS4). He started his attempt of
consolidating the Dalit vote and in 1984 he founded the Bahujan Samaj
Party (BSP). He fought his first election in 1984 from Janjgir-Champa
seat in Chhattisgarh. The BSP found success in Uttar Pradesh, initially
struggled to bridge the divide between Dalits and Other Backward
Classes[15] but later under leadership of Mayawati bridged this gap.


In 1982 he wrote his book The Chamcha Age (an Era of the Stooges) and
in it he used of the term chamcha (stooge) for SC/ST leaders who for
their selfish motives work for parties like the Indian National Congress
(INC) such as Jagjivan Ram or Ram Vilas Paswan and for Bharatiya Janata
Party (BJP) keeping in ethical context with Ambedkar’s book What
Gandhi and the Congress Have Done to the Untouchables to the politics of
Dalit liberation.[citation needed]

However, it was in 1986 when
he declared his transition from a social worker to a politician by
stating that he was not going to work for/with any other organization
other than the BSP. During the meetings and seminars of the party, Ram
stated to ruling classes that if they promised to do something, it would
pay to keep the promise, or else just accept that they were not capable
of fulfilling their promises.[citation needed]

After forming BSP
Ram said the party would fight first election to lose, next to get
noticed and the third election to win.[18] In 1988 he contested
Allahabad seat up against a future Prime Minister V. P. Singh and
performed impressively but lost polling close to 70,000 votes.

He
unsuccessfully contested from East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency) in
1989 and came at fourth position. Then he represented the 11th Lok Sabha
from Hoshiarpur,[20] Kanshiram was also elected as member of Lok Sabha
from Etawah in Uttar Pradesh. In 2001 he publicly announced Mayawati as
his successor.

In the late 1990s, Ram described the BJP as the
most corrupt (mahabrasht) party in India and the INC, Samajwadi Party
and Janata Dal as equally corrupt.

Proposed conversion to Buddhism


In 2002, Ram announced his intention to convert to Buddhism on 14
October 2006, the 50th anniversary of Ambedkar’s conversion. He intended
for 20,000,000 of his supporters to convert at the same time. Part of
the significance of this plan was that Ram’s followers include not only
untouchables, but persons from a variety of castes, who could
significantly broaden Buddhism’s support. However, he died on 9 October
2006.

Mayawati his successor said “Saheb Kanshi Ram and I had
decided that we will convert and adopt Buddhism when we will get
“absolute majority” at the Centre. We wanted to do this because we can
make a difference to the religion by taking along with us millions of
people. If we convert without power then only we too will be converting.
But when you have power you can really create a stir”.Death


Saheb was a diabetic. He suffered a heart attack in 1994, an arterial
clot in his brain in 1995, and a paralytic stroke in 2003.[25] He died
in New Delhi on 9 October 2006 of a severe heart attack at the age of
72. He had been virtually bed-ridden for more than two years. According
to his wishes, his funeral rites were performed according to Buddhist
tradition, with Mayawati lighting the pyre.His ashes were placed in an
urn and kept at Prerna Sthal, where many people paid their respects.


In his condolence message, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
described Ram as “one of the greatest social reformers of our time ..
his political ideas and movements had a significant impact on our
political evolution â€Ļ He had a larger understanding of social change and
was able to unite various underprivileged sections of our society and
provide a political platform where their voices would be heard.” Under
Ram’s leadership, the BSP won 14 parliamentary seats in the 1999 federal
elections.

Bahujan Samaj PartyMayawatiBAMCEF

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAMCEF

BAMCEF
BAMCEF is an Indian charitable organization. It was founded in 1978 to
enlist the aid of the comparatively well-educated among the bahujans and
other communities of India who suffer discrimination. It has no
political or religious agenda, nor does it promote agitation to achieve
its goals.[6] BAMCEF is an acronym for “The All India Backward and
Minority Communities Employees Federation”. The term backward got its
significance from the Constitution of India, which divides the oppressed
and exploited Indians into categories on the basis of their
backwardness, namely: Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST),
Other Backward Classes (OBC) and Minority Communities.

BAMCEF
The All India Backward And Minority Communities Employees Federation
Formation
6 December 1978 (39 years ago)
Founder
Kanshi Ram
Founded at
BAMCEF Convention at New Delhi
Type
Social organization of educated employees[1]
Legal status
Active
Members
2 million[2]
President
Waman Meshram (Bharat Mukti Morcha faction[3])
B. D. Borkar (Mulnivasi Sangh faction[4][5])
Website
www.bamcef.info
www.bamcef.org.in
www.bamcef.co.in
bamcefmission.com
The origins of BAMCEF lie in an organisation for employees of repressed
communities that was established in 1971 by Kanshi Ram.[6] This became
BAMCEF at a convention held in Delhi in 1978, with an official launch on
6 December 1978, the anniversary of the death of B. R. Ambedkar.[7] The
ideology of BAMCEF is to fight the entrenched system of inequality that
divides Indian society, and to abolish the caste system.

History


As an employee of the Defence Research and Development Laboratory in
Pune, Kanshi Ram realized that the formation of a bahujan bureaucracy
was important to serve Dalits’ interests. He set about forming a
federation, through which he worked his way up the bureaucratic
hierarchy. By identifying a few zealous officers, he was able to
influence lower-ranked staff.

The motto of this organisation was
‘Payback to society’, to inspire the Dalit bureaucrats to do their bit
for the Dalit masses. In this way, a continuous supply of intellectual
property, money and talent was ensured. Ram did not want to make BAMCEF
an employees’ union. He wanted it to become an organisation of educated
Bahujan employees: “the think tank, talent bank, and financial bank of
the Bahujan samaj”.

BAMCEF raised funds to promote their agenda
and for training.Kanshi Ram appointed state-level conveners as well as
mandal conveners to act as links between state and district levels.[10]
Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to “the class among the indigenous
moolnivasi bahujans that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identities”.

Others established
the Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti (DS4) in 1981. This
organization made an impact on people in North and South India. Later,
this group was led by Ishaan Singh Tomar. Before the formation of the
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), DS4 entered local elections in Delhi and
Haryana in the name of “Limited Political Action”. Later on, Ram
dissolved DS4 and formed BSP as a completely political wing.[12] This
caused strain within BAMCEF ranks.

In early 1986, BAMCEF split.
Kanshi Ram announced that he was no longer willing to work for any
organisation other than BSP. One element of BAMCEF, which was associated
with Kanshi Ram, became a shadow organisation to help BSP in electoral
mobilisation. Those remaining in BAMCEF after Ram’s departure registered
BAMCEF as an independent non-political organisation in 1987.


Khaparde was national president of BAMCEF from 1987 until his death on
29 February 2000. His successor was Waman Chindhuji Meshram.
Narendra Jadhav, Indian economist, writer and educationist
B. R. Ambedkar, jurist, economist, politician and social reformer


Gopal Baba WalangkarGrace Banu, Scheduled Caste and transgender
activist; first transgender in state of Tamil Nadu be admitted to an
engineering college

Nagraj Manjule, Marathi director
Pa.Ranjith,Flim writer,Director

Governance
Non-Inspirational Mis-LeaderRamnath Kovind,President of India K. R. Narayanan, former President of IndiaIns

pirational Leader

Mayawati, Four time Chief Minister of Uttar PradeshAshok Tanwar, President of Haryana Congress, former Member of Parliament

Non-Inspirational Mis-Leader
Ram Vilas Paswan, President of the Lok Janshakti Party, eight time member of Lok Sabha

B. Shyam Sunder, Founder of Bharatiya Bhim Sena


Damodaram Sanjivayya, First Scheduled Caste Chief Minister of an
Indian state(Andhra Pradesh), first SC President of Indian National
Congress party(1962)

Jagjivan Ram (1908–1986), First Labour
Minister of Independent India, former Deputy Prime Minister of
IndiaJignesh Mevani, Independent MLA from Vadgam Gujarat, youth movement
leader and activist

Meira Kumar, First woman Speaker of the Lok
Sabha (2009-2014), Daughter of Jagjivan Ram.Jogendra Nath Mandal, was
one of the central and leading Founding Fathers of modern state of
Pakistan, and legislator serving as country’s first minister of law and
labour, and also was second minister of commonwealth and Kashmir
affairs.Krishna Kumari Kohli, Member of Pakistan SenatRam Lal Rahi,
Minister of State for Home Affairs and Four times MP from Mishrikh in
Sitapur district.

Literature

Madara Chennaiah, the first
poet in the history of Vachana literature who was a cobbler.Namdeo
Dhasal, Marathi poet and writer from Maharashtra.Military

Immanuvel Devendrar

Madurai Veeran, a folk hero of Arunthathiyar origin.

Music

Sumeet Samos
Ginni Mahi

Amar Singh ChamkilaKanth Kaler
Religion and reform

Gallela Prasad, the fourth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cuddapah, in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.

Marampudi Joji, the third Archbishop of Hyderabad.


Rettamalai Srinivasan, SC/ST Activist, politician, freedom fighter and
founder of Paraiyar Mahajana SabhaAyyankali, social reformer

Giani Ditt Singh, Started Singh Sabha Movement to bring SC/STs of Punjab to sikh-fold.

Bhagu, a devotee of Krishnakant Chouriya

Mangu Ram Mugowalia, started Ad-Dharmi movement

Ravidas, mystic poet-saInt of the bhakti movement


Iyothee Thass, a prominent anti-caste activist and a practitioner of
Siddha medicine, a publisher, and writer in Tamil, who is regarded as a
pioneer of the Buddhist movement in the Tamil region in the early
twentieth century.

Sports

Vithal Palwankar, Cricketer

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02/26/20
Mayawati, Four time Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
Filed under: General
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayawati

Mayawati, Four time Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

“Mayavati” redirects here. For the figure in Hinduism, daughter-in-law of Krishna, see Rati.

President of the Bahujan Samaj Party
Incumbent
Assumed office
18 September 2003
Preceded by Kanshi Ram
Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha
In office
3 April 2012 – 20 July 2017 (Resigned)
Succeeded by Anil Agrawal, BJP
Constituency Uttar Pradesh
17th Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
In office
3 June 1995 – 18 October 1995
Preceded by Mulayam Singh Yadav
Succeeded by President’s rule
Constituency Harora
In office
21 March 1997 – 21 September 1997
Preceded by President’s rule
Succeeded by Kalyan Singh
Constituency Harora
In office
3 May 2002 – 29 August 2003
Preceded by President’s rule
Succeeded by Mulayam Singh Yadav
In office
13 May 2007 – 15 March 2012
Preceded by Mulayam Singh Yadav
Succeeded by Akhilesh Yadav
Personal details
Born Mayawati Prabhu Das

15 January 1956 (age 64)
New Delhi, India
Political party Bahujan Samaj Party
Residence Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Alma mater

Kalindi College, University of Delhi
Meerut University

Occupation Politician

Mayawati (born 15 January 1956) is an Indian politician.[1] She has
served four separate terms as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh. She is
the national president of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), which focuses
on a platform of social change for Bahujans, more commonly known as
Other Backward Classes, Muslim, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
She was Chief Minister briefly in 2000 and again in 2005, then from 2002
to 2003 and from 2007 to 2012.

Mayawati’s rise from humble
beginnings has been called a “miracle of democracy” by P. V. Narasimha
Rao, former Prime Minister of India.[2] In 1993 Kanshi Ram formed a
coalition with the Samajwadi Party and Mayawati became the Chief
Minister of Uttar Pradesh in 1995. She was the first female Scheduled
Caste Chief Minister in India. In 1997 and in 2002 she was Chief
Minister with outside support from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the
second time only for a year up to 26 August 2003 due to BJP withdrawing
support.[3]

Mayawati’s tenure has attracted praise and
criticism. Millions of Dalits view her as an icon, and refer to her as
Behen-ji (sister), She has been praised for her fundraising efforts on
behalf of her party and her birthdays have been widely celebrated by her
supporters. The rise in her personal wealth and that of her party have
been criticised as indicative of corruption.[4]

After losing the
2012 legislative assembly elections to the rival Samajwadi Party, she
resigned from her post as party leader on 7 March 2012. Later that
month, she was elected to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Indian
parliament.
Early life and education

Mayawati was born on 15
January 1956 at Shrimati Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, New Delhi to a
Dalit family.[5][6] Her father, Prabhu Das, was a post office employee
at Badalpur, Gautam Buddha Nagar.[1] The sons in the family were sent to
private schools, while the daughters went to “low-performing government
schools”.[7]

Mayawati studied for her B.A. in 1975 at the
Kalindi College, University of Delhi and later obtained her LLB from
University of Delhi. She completed a B.Ed. from Meerut University’s VMLG
College, Ghaziabad, in 1976.[1] She was working as a teacher in
Inderpuri JJ Colony, Delhi, and studying for the Indian Administrative
Services exams, when Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes politician
Kanshi Ram visited her family home in 1977. According to biographer Ajoy
Bose, Ram told her: “I can make you such a big leader one day that not
one but a whole row of IAS officers will line up for your orders.”[7] In
1983, Mayawati was awarded her LL.B from University of Delhi. Kanshi
Ram included her as a member of his team when he founded the Bahujan
Samaj Party (BSP) in 1984.[8] Mayawati was first elected to Parliament
in 1989.[9]
Early political career

Kanshi Ram founded the BSP
in 1984. Influenced by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, the chief architect of the
Constitution of India, the party’s primary focus is to improve the
situation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and other
disadvantaged groups through policy reform, affirmative action on hiring
of members of scheduled castes for government posts, and providing
rural development programmes.[8] Reservation in India is a system
whereby a percentage of government positions and seats at universities
are reserved for persons of backward classes and scheduled castes and
tribes. Throughout her political career, Mayawati supported reservation
in both government and private sectors for backward classes, with an
increase in quotas and inclusion of more communities such as religious
minorities and economically weak upper castes.[10][11][12][13][14] In
August 2012 a bill was cleared that starts the process of amending the
constitution so that the reservation system can be expanded to
promotions in state jobs.[15] Mayawati’s career has been called a
“miracle of democracy” by former Prime Minister of India P. V. Narasimha
Rao.[2] Millions of Dalit supporters view her as an icon and refer to
her as “Behen-ji” (sister).[16] Her public meetings have been attended
by large audiences, who use slogans such as “Kanshi Ram ka mission
Adhoora; karegi Behen Mayawati poora” (Kanshi Ram’s unfulfilled mission
will be completed by Mayawati) and “Behenji tum sangharsh karo; hum
tumhare saath hain” (Sister, go ahead with your struggle; we are with
you).[17]

In its first election campaign in 1984, BSP fielded
Mayawati for the Lok Sabha (Lower House) seat of Kairana in the
Muzaffarnagar district, for Bijnor in 1985, and for Haridwar in 1987. In
1989 she was elected as the representative for Bijnor, with 183,189
votes, winning by 8,879 votes.[18][19] Although BSP did not win control
of the house, the electoral experience led to considerable activity for
Mayawati over the next five years, as she worked with Mahsood Ahmed and
other organisers. The party won three seats in the 1989 national
election[20] and two seats 1991.[21]

Mayawati was first elected
to the Rajya Sabha (Upper House) of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in 1994.[1] In
1995 she became, as head of her party, Chief Minister in a short-lived
coalition government, the youngest Chief Minister in the history of the
state up until that point, and the first female Dalit Chief Minister in
India.[16][22] She won election to the Lok Sabha in two different
constituencies in 1996 and chose to serve for Harora.[1] She became
Chief Minister again for a short period in 1997 and then from 2002 to
2003 in coalition with the Bharatiya Janata Party. In 2001 Ram named her
as his successor to the party leadership.[9]
BSP presidentship

On 15 December 2001, in an address during a rally in Lucknow, Kanshi
Ram named Mayawati as his successor.[23] She was elected national
president of the BSP for her first term on 18 September 2003.[24] She
was elected unopposed for a second consecutive term on 27 August
2006,[25], for a third term on 30 August 2014[26] and for fourth term on
28 August 2019.[27]
Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh

As the
Chief Minister, Mayawati gained a reputation for efficient
governance[28] and promoting law and order,[29][30] winning praise even
from opposition parties[31][32][33] and other
rivals.[34][35][36][37][38] In 2007, MLA Umakant Yadav of her own
political party accused in a land grabbing case, was arrested near her
dwelling on her orders.[39][40] During September–October 2010, at the
time of the Ayodhya verdict, her government maintained law and
order[41][42][43] and the state remained peaceful.[44] Several
high-profile criminals and mafia dons were jailed during her terms in
office.[45][46][47][48] She called for strong anti-rape laws.[49][50]
Fewer riots,[51] lowest rapes,[52] and least corruption[53][54] occurred
during her tenure as compared to previous or successive governments. In
the 2007-2012 assembly, only 124 MLAs were crorepatis as compared to
271 crorepatis in successive assembly elected in 2012.[55] Uttar Pradesh
achieved higher GDP growth rate at 17 per cent[56][57] and lesser
crimes under Mayawati regime as compared to previous and successive
governments.[58]
First term, 1995

Mayawati first served as
Chief Minister from 3 June 1995 to 18 October 1995. During this term,
the new districts of Ambedkar Nagar district and Udham Singh Nagar
district were created.[59]
Second term, 1997

Her second term
was from 21 March 1997 to 20 September 1997. A drive under her
government allotted pattas or gram sabha lands on lease to thousands of
landless residents.[60] In April 1997, she created Gautam Budh Nagar
district from the district of Ghaziabad, Kaushambi district was
separated from Allahabad district, and Jyotiba Phule Nagar district from
Moradabad district. In May 1997, Mahamaya Nagar district was created
out of Aligarh district and Banda district was split into Banda and
Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Nagar.[61] Mayawati carried out review
meetings with bureaucrats and suspended 127 officers.[62] She setup Dr
Ambedkar Awards and erected over 100 statues of various sizes of
Ambedkar in Lucknow, Kanpur, Allahabad and other key towns.[63]
Third term, 2002–03

Her third term was from 3 May 2002 to 26 August 2003. She suspended 12
IAS officers, including Divisional Commissioners and District
Magistrates. Six IPS officers were suspended for failing to maintain law
and order, while 24 officers were warned to improve.[64] She started
511 acre Gautam Buddha University.[65] She renamed King George’s Medical
University to Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University.[66] She
suspended three senior officials after review in a couple of
administrative divisions.[67]
2007 State and 2009 general election
Further information: 2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state and one of its poorest, is
considered pivotal in the politics of India because of its large number
of voters.[68][69] BSP won a majority in the 2007 Uttar Pradesh Assembly
elections, fielding candidates from a variety of castes and
religions.[70] The campaign was accompanied by a colourful slogan:
Haathi nahin, Ganesh hain, Brahma, Vishnu Mahesh Hain: “The elephant
(the BSP logo) is really the Lord Ganesha, the trinity of gods rolled
into one”.[71]

The BSP won 20 seats in Lok Sabha from the state
of Uttar Pradesh in the 2009 elections, obtaining the highest percentage
(27.42%) of votes for any political party in the state. The party
placed third in terms of national polling percentage (6.17%).[72]
Fourth term, 2007–12: BSP absolute majority

Mayawati was sworn in as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh for the fourth
time on 13 May 2007. She announced an agenda that focused on providing
social justice to the weaker sections of society and providing
employment instead of distributing money to the unemployed. Her slogan
was to make “Uttar Pradesh” (”Northern Province”) into “Uttam Pradesh”
(”Excellent Province”).[73] Her government began a major crackdown on
irregularities in the recruitment process of police officers recruited
during the previous Mulayam Singh government. Over 18,000 policemen lost
their jobs for irregularities in their hiring, and 25 Indian Police
Service officers were suspended for their involvement in corruption
while recruiting the constables.[74][75] Mayawati instituted reforms to
introduce transparency into the recruiting process, including posting
the results of selection exams online.[76]

On 10 August 2007, the
Mayawati government proposed 30 per cent reservation in jobs in the
private sector.[77] A quota for promotions was also introduced, but was
later quashed by the Supreme Court of India.[78]

In September
2007, Bhimrao Ambedkar Rural Integrated Development Programme was
started.[79] The Dr Ambedkar Gram Vikas Yojana scheme was launched for
supplying water, electricity, and constructing roads in villages with a
Dalit majority.[80][81][82] Under this scheme, 24,716 villages received
improvements.

In 2008, Mayawati launched, Manyawar Shri Kanshiram
Ji Shahri Garib Awas Yojna, a scheme for building low-cost housing
colonies for urban poor with 90,000 low-cost homes under the first round
of construction in different towns and cities across the state while a
second and a third round were still underway when government ended in
2012 and next government scrapped the scheme including cutting down
electricity of these colonies.[83]

Mayawati government started
efforts to set up solar power plants and the first 5 MW solar power
plant located in Naini of Allahabad district started functioning in
March 2012 and was developed by EMC Limited.[84] UP government signed a
MoU with NTPC Limited for 1,320-MW power plant.[85]

Mayawati’s
dream project of 165 km six lane Yamuna Expressway connected Delhi to
Agra through Noida–Greater Noida Expressway, touching 1,182 villages in
the state.[86] Later, Indian Air Force fighter jet Dassault Mirage 2000
test-Landed on Yamuna Expressway as Part of Trials.[87] On 15 January
2008, Mayawati inaugurated the construction of the 1,047 km Ganga
Expressway at the cost of ₹30,000 crore (US$4.2 billion) for joining
Ballia to Greater Noida.[88]

In November 2009, Mayawati dedicated
Noida Metro constructed at the cost of ₹557 crore (US$78
million).[89][90] She had vigorously proposed for construction of Jewar
airport near Noida.[91]

In October 2011, Mayawati government
under public-private partnership with Jaypee Group successfully executed
and delivered First F1 Indian Grand Prix, an international event at
Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida constructed by Jaypee Group.
The event was hailed as flawlessly conducted salvaging some of India’s
prestige when compared to minor embarrassments in 2010 Commonwealth
Games (Before opening ceremony) conducted in Delhi.[92][93][94] Mayawati
presented the winning trophy to winner Sebastian Vettel.[95] Foreigners
found the track as ‘impressive’[96] and 3 Indian teenagers picked by a
F1 panel to train them as future Formula One drivers in Europe.[97]

Mayawati has seen through to completion of several memorials dedicated
to icons of Bahujan Samaj build first time in India, including the
Manyawar Shri Kanshiram Ji Green Eco Garden (inaugurated March
2011),[98] the Rashtriya Dalit Prerna Sthal and Green Garden
(inaugurated October 2011),[99] and the Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar Samajik
Parivartan Prateek Sthal (opened November 2012).[100] She renamed Amethi
district as Chattrapati Sahuji Maharaj Nagar[101], Kanpur Dehat as
Rambai Nagar, Sambhal as Bheem Nagar, Shamli as Prabuddha Nagar, Hapur
as Psanchseel Nagar, Kasganj as Kanshiram Nagar, Hathras as Mahamaya
Nagar and Amroha as JP Nagar.[102]

Mayawati during her tenure
directed the all the Commissioners and the District Magistrates to
distribute 3 acre land pieces or pattas to weaker sections of society by
launching special drive for illegal possesses of pattas be dispossessed
of them and the eligible poor be identified by regular monitoring of
pattas and strict action against the mafias and musclemen through spot
verification of different development and public welfare
programmes.[103]

In 2010, 5596 people belonging to the SC and ST
communities were allotted 1054.879 hectares of agriculture land. In a
special drive 74 FIRs were filed and 88 people were arrested for illegal
occupation from agricultural land.[104][105]

Sugar Information Service a model website supported by SMS and IVRS facility was developed.[106]

In 2008, Her government established Dr. Shakuntala Misra National
Rehabilitation University for the Physically challenged students.[107]

Mayawati dedicated the ₹63.5 crore (US$8.9 million) 286-bed
super-specialty Centenary hospital in Lucknow and 50-bed critical care
unit at CSMMU[108] and increased salaries of doctors.[109] Mayawati, in
2007, launched[110] ₹500 crore (US$70 million) Manyawar Kanshiram
Multi-speciality Hospital in Greater Noida which started its OPD
services in April 2013.[111] Mayawati government also spent ₹510 crore
(US$72 million) on Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Multi Speciality Hospital in Sector
30 of Noida.[112]

Her government also instituted Sant Ravidas Kala Samman Award with a cash prize of ₹1.25 lakh (US$1,800).[113]

Under Savitri Bai Phule Balika Shiksha Madad Yojna, Mayawati
distributed over 10 lakh bicycles among Muslim and poor school girls
from 2008 to 2011.[114][115]

After coming to power in 2007,
Mayawati wrote letters to the Prime Minister regarding partitioning of
Uttar Pradesh into four different states in 2007, in March 2008 and
December 2009.[116][117] Finally on 15 November 2011, Mayawati’s cabinet
approved partitioning Uttar Pradesh into four different states
(Pashchim Pradesh, Awadh Pradesh, Bundelkhand and Purvanchal) for better
administration and governance.[118]

On 6 March 2012 the Bahujan
Samaj Party lost its majority to the Samajwadi Party and Mayawati
tendered her resignation to the governor of Uttar Pradesh the next
day,[119] thereby becoming the first CM to complete full five years in
office.[120] On 13 March 2012 she filed nomination papers for the Rajya
Sabha, and she was declared elected unopposed on 22 March.[121][122]
Political and legal issues
Ambedkar Memorial Park at night

Mayawati’s political career has attracted praise and
controversy.[123][124] She has been praised for her fundraising efforts
on behalf of her party, and her birthdays were major media events as
well as a symbol for her supporters. The increase in her personal wealth
and that of her party[125][4][126] have been viewed by critics as signs
of corruption.[16][127]

Taj corridor case

Main article: Taj corridor case

In 2002, the government of Uttar Pradesh began improvements of the
infrastructure in the Taj Heritage Corridor, the important tourist area
in Agra that includes the Taj Mahal. The project was soon riddled with
problems, including funds being released for the project without the
submission of the required detailed project reports to the environmental
authorities.[128] Suspecting there were financial irregularities as
well, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) raided twelve
residences, including Mayawati’s. It had filed a First Information
Report against her and seven others two days earlier.[129] The raid
uncovered evidence of assets disproportionate to her known
income.[130][131] Afterwards, Mayawati resigned from her own government
to prove that she was not “hungry for power”[132] She asked the BJP-run
Government of India to remove Union Tourism and Culture Minister,
Jagmohan[133] for conspiring this all controversy against her.[134]

In June 2007, Governor T. V. Rajeswar said that there was insufficient
evidence to prosecute her. In his 23-page order, he said: “the fact that
the Mission Management Board, consisting of officers of both the State
and the Central Government, regularly met and discussed the project and
the fact that even a sum of ₹ 17 crores was spent through the Central
Government public sector undertaking, NPCC, all go to show that the
serious offences with which Mayawati and the Minister were charged do
not stand scrutiny.”[135] Advocates unsuccessfully challenged the
governor’s decision in court. The Supreme Court rejected the plea of the
CBI and refused to direct the governor to prosecute her. The Taj
corridor case was effectively ended before going to
trial.[136][137][138]

Disproportionate assets case

In the
2007–08 assessment year, Mayawati paid an income tax of ₹ 26 crore,
ranking among the top 20 taxpayers in the country. Earlier the CBI filed
a case against her for owning assets disproportionate to her known
sources of income. Mayawati described the CBI investigation against her
as illegal.[139] Her party asserted that her income comes from gifts and
small contributions made by party workers and supporters.[140][141]

On 3 August 2011 the Delhi High court dismissed the central
government’s appeal against Mayawati, stating that “she has fully
discharged her obligations by disclosing the identities of all of her
donors, the gifts had been donated by her supporters”.[142] The central
government decided not to file an appeal in the Supreme Court.[143] On
13 March 2012 Mayawati revealed assets worth ₹ 111.26 crore in an
affidavit filed with her nomination papers for the Rajya Sabha.[121] The
disproportionate assets case was finally quashed on 6 July 2012—nine
years later—by a Supreme Court bench of Justice P Sathasivam and Dipak
Misra; the court found that the case was unwarranted.[144] Based on an
opinion received from the Directorate of Prosecution, the CBI decided
not to file an appeal.[145] On 4 October 2012 a review petition was
filed by Kamlesh Verma, contending that the case had been dismissed
merely on technical grounds, and that the evidence had not been
adequately reviewed.[146] On 8 August 2013 the Supreme Court declined a
request to re-open the case.[147] After seeking legal advice, the CBI
finally closed their file on 8 October 2013.[148]

Bahujan Monuments

In her tenures as a Chief Minister, Mayawati commissioned the
production and public display of several monuments[149] having parks,
gallerias, museums,[150] memorials, murals[151] and statues representing
Buddhist and Hindu, Dalit/OBC[152] icons like Gautama Buddha, Gadge
Maharaj, Sant Ravidas, Sant Kabir, Narayana Guru, Jyotirao Phule,
Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj, Babasaheb Ambedkar, BSP party founder Kanshi
Ram, and of herself.[153] She claims that the expenditure was required
because the past governments did not show respect towards Dalit leaders,
in whose memory nothing had ever been built.[154] She spent somewhere
between ₹ 25 and 60 billion rupees (about US$500 million to US$1.3
billion) on projects in five parks and at memorials such as Dr. B.R.
Ambedkar Samajik Parivartan Sthal and Manyavar Kanshiram Smarak Sthal,
built in the name of B.R. Ambedkar, Ramabai Ambedkar, and Kanshi Ram in
Lucknow between 2007 and 2009.[155][156][157] In June 2009 the Supreme
Court issued a stay against further building on the projects, until the
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) questioning these expenditures was
settled.[158] The Comptroller and Auditor General of India reported that
₹ 66 crore (about US$12 million) in excessive costs had been incurred
on the construction of the memorials.[159] In February 2010 Mayawati’s
government approved a plan for a special police force to protect the
statues, as she feared that her political opponents might demolish
them.[160] In December 2010, her government received permission to
continue part of the plan, namely maintenance and completion of Ambedkar
Memorial Park.[157][158]

Despite the existing Supreme Court
stay, in October 2011 Mayawati inaugurated the Rashtriya Dalit Prerna
Sthal and Green Garden, built at a cost of ₹ 685 crore.[161] Since the
memorial also features her own statues, Mayawati was accused by the
Indian National Congress of wasting the taxpayers’ money.[162] The BSP
dismissed the allegations, stating that her statues were erected because
Kanshi Ram’s will requested that his statues should be constructed next
to those of the current President of BSP. Mayawati accused the Congress
of being “anti-Dalit”.[162]

In January 2012, the Election
Commission ordered that all of the statues of Mayawati as well as recent
statues of elephants ( the symbol of the Bahujan Samaj Party) should be
covered up until after February’s Uttar Pradesh
election.[158][163][164] On 26 July 2012 the statue in Lucknow was
damaged by members of a group calling themselves “Uttar Pradesh
Naunirman Sena”.[165][166][167] A replacement statue was re-installed
overnight by the Lucknow city administration.[168] Following the Lucknow
vandalism, there were similar such incidents in other parts of Uttar
Pradesh.[169]

In 2015, the Supreme Court continued hearings on
the PLI case about the statues. The BSP had still not provided evidence
about where the monies expended on such monuments came from, whether it
was all from appropriation bills passed by the legislature or also
included party funds spent for the purpose.[158]

World Bank criticism

The World Bank lent India funds for development, and Mayawati was to
manage projects with this money in UP. The projects were preplanned and
on schedule, but the Mayawati government made changes which put the
projects behind schedule, including rapidly transferring high-caste
managers in and out of rural posts.[170] The World Bank sent a letter of
complaint on 1 August 2002 to India’s central government stating, “We
have now learnt that project managers have been replaced within three
weeks of assuming office. The project coordinator of the Diversified
Agriculture Support Project has been changed twice in quick succession
and at the moment there is no project coordinator. In the forestry
project, numerous changes have been made over past six months … Such
developments do not augur well for these time-bound projects that
require consistently good leadership.”[171] Mayawati initially responded
by saying the letter was a fake and later said there had been a
misunderstanding. She then decreased the number of transfers, stopped
creating new posts, and temporarily reduced the level of government
spending on furniture and vehicles in response to the allegations. The
World Bank continued to criticise the level of corruption even after
these measures had been implemented.[170]
Personal life and public image
Statues of Mayawati (L) and Kanshi Ram (R) at Ambedkar Memorial Park

Mayawati started her political career after Kanshi Ram, the founder of
Bahujan Samaj Party, persuaded her to join the civil service and
politics.[172] Mayawati chose to remain unmarried. She is also known as
the Iron Lady Mayawati.[173][174][175]

Kanshi Ram praised
Mayawati at her 47th birthday celebrations for her fundraising
activities on behalf of the party. He stated that the party’s eventual
goal is to gain power at the national level, and that Mayawati’s efforts
had helped in that quest.[123] Her birthdays have since become major
media events at which she has appeared laden with diamonds.[16] Her
supporters have declared her birthday as Jan Kalyankari Diwas (People’s
Welfare Day). In 2009, the day was marked by the announcement of welfare
schemes targeted towards poor and downtrodden people of the state[176]
and, in 2010, by the launch of social programmes with a value of over ₹
7,312 crore.[177]

In 2007-08, Mayawati paid ₹26.26 crore (US$3.7
million) as income tax.[178] She was at number 20 in I-T department’s
compilation of the top 200 taxpayers’ list with names like Shah Rukh
Khan and Sachin Tendulkar.[179] Most of her income comes as “gifts” from
her faithful supporters of Bahujan Movement started by Kanshi Ram. She
paid ₹15 crore (US$2.1 million) in advance tax in April–December
2007.[180]

When BSP workers garlanded Mayawati with currency
notes on the occasion of the party’s silver jubilee celebrations
coinciding with BSP founder Kanshi Ram’s birth anniversary on 15 March
2010, Indian news channels and newspapers purported to expose the event
as a ‘scandal’ on the presumption that the Chief Minister had publicly
committed an act of corruption that was being flaunted openly and
declaring that the garland of currency notes was made from money through
corrupt means and not from donations of Bahujan Samaj Party supporters
as Mayawati, her Ministers and supporters claimed. At Kanshi Ram’s
funeral ceremonies in 2006, Mayawati stated that both Kanshi Ram and
herself had been, and she would continue to be, observant of Buddhist
traditions and customs. She has stated her intention to formally convert
to Buddhism when the political conditions enable her to become Prime
Minister of India. Her act of performing the last rites (traditionally
done by a male heir) was an expression of their views against gender
discrimination.[181][182] When she was Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh,
she publicly called Bhikkhus to prayer.[183]
Literature about Mayawati

Literature about Mayawati includes studies and books. One of the first
works about her was journalist Mohammad Jamil Akhter’s book, Iron Lady
Kumari Mayawati.[184] Her autobiographies are Mere Sangarshmai Jeevan
Evam Bahujan Movement Ka Safarnama in three volumes in Hindi and A
Travelogue of My Struggle-ridden Life and of Bahujan Samaj, in two
volumes in English.[185] Behenji : A Political Biography of Mayawati is a
biography by veteran journalist Ajoy Bose.[7] There is news that
Bollywood will release new biopic about Mayawati, where Vidya Balan will
play lead role.[186]
Awards and recognition

In 2003,
Mayawati as the Chief Minister, was awarded with Paul Harris Fellow
Award by UNICEF, World Health Organization and Rotary International, for
her initiative in Polio eradication.[187][188] Mayawati was also
honoured with Rajarshi Shahu Award by Rajarshi Shahu Memorial
Trust.[189] In 2008, Forbes added Mayawati in the 59th place on its list
of the 100 most powerful women in the world.[190][191] She appeared in
Newsweek’s top woman achievers list in 2007.[192] In 2009 a Newsweek
article described her as the Barack Obama of India, and a potential
candidate for Prime Minister.[193] Time magazine included Mayawati in
India’s 15 Most Influential list for 2007.[194]

Comments


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Jagatheesan Chandrasekharan

“We alone can challenge and defeat the casteist,communaland pro-capitalist BJP! Get ready!”
Behanji’s clarion call  to liberate the country from the clutches of fascist
.

We,
the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and
Religious Minorities, are able to secure our rights guaranteed under the
Constitution of India due to the incessant struggle and matchless
sacrifice of Babasaheb Dr. Bheemrao Ambedkar. But the caste-prejudiced
governments did not implement these rights to the benefit of our people.
As the result, despite the provisions of Constitution, our
socio-economic condition remained worst as before. Hence, Babasaheb
advocated us to form the government on our own by getting united under
one political platform and one leadership. In this direction, he
contemplated to launch the Republican Party of India during his
life-time. But he, perhaps, did not know that he would die so early even
before he could bring his plans into action. He could not complete the
task which was later on completed by Manyawar Kanshi Ram Saheb.
Non-political
Routes: When Manyawar Kanshi Ram Saheb decided to revive the
Ambedkarite movement, the movement was almost extinct. People had almost
forgotten about the movement. Kanshi Ram Saheb made a deep study as to
the conditions which caused the failure of Ambedkarite movement. He saw
that most of the followers of Babasaheb were out of the movement.  He
started probing the reasons which led to the discontinuation of the
movement followed by the death of Babasaheb Ambedkar. He, after a
thorough study, understood that the failure of Ambedkarite movement was
caused due to the lack of ‘non-political routes’ among the Bahujan Samaj
and hence, he decided to strengthen the non-political routes to create
the ‘non-purchasable leadership’. He realized that only that society
with strong non-political routes would produce the ‘non-purchasable’
missionary leaders. Thus he decided to prepare the non-political routes
of the society by preparing the educated employees and youths. Before
launching the Bahujan Samaj Party, he started the BAMCEF and DS-4 to
prepare the educated employees and youth from among the SC/ST/OBCs and
Religious Minorities. He devoted the best part of his life to strengthen
the non-political routes of Bahujan Samaj.

Tampering
of EVMs by BJP :  Our failure to form our own government in other
states has helped the BJP to defeat us in Uttar Pradesh. They found that
BSP is strong only in UP and not in other states and hence they thought
that if they could finish us in UP, BSP will die a natural death in all
other states. That is how they focused their entire strength to defeat
us in UP. However, they could not win through fair means. They had to
resort to fraudulent way of tampering the electronic voting machines
(EVMs) to defeat us.BJP and company had used the EVMs in 2014 itself to
win the General Election. We thought that it was the mandate against the
scams-ridden and scandals-tainted rule of Congress. But the election
results of the five states held in March 2017 have exposed the EVM
scandal of BJP. They could not win in Punjab, Uttarkhand, Goa and
Manipur. In Goa and Manipur, Congress party got lead over the BJP. But
BJP leaders have managed the other MLAs form their governments. In
Uttarkhand, it was the internal quarrel of the Congress that gave a lead
to the BJP. In Punjab, the anti-incumbency factor of Akali Dal gave the
victory to Congress. BJP, being the partner of Akali Dal, lost the
election. In all the above four states, they did not tamper with the
EVMs and the results were on the expected lines. But in Uttar Pradesh,
nobody expected that BJP would get such a huge margin of victory. The
senior bureaucrats of UP, who are usually the first to know the results
in advance, were making preparations to welcome the BSP Government. They
were utterly surprised when the results were announced. I, seeing the
trend of results late in the morning, went to the press and exposed the
EVM fraud. Later on, we also launched nation-wide struggle against the
fraud of EVMs and legal battle to get the VVPAT incorporated with EVMs.
Thus, we are confronting the BJP at every step.


























https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalit_Shoshit_Samaj_Sangharsh_Samiti
























































































































































































































































































































































































































https://www.google.co.in/â€Ļ/www.collinsdicâ€Ļ/amp/english/dalit
Definition of ‘Dalit’
Dalit in British
(ˈdɑːlÉĒt )

noun
a member of the lowest class in India, whom those of the four main castes were formerly forbidden to touch
. Formerly called (taboo, offensive): untouchable

The foreigners from Bene Israel chitpavan brahmins


are 1st rate athmas (souls), the Kshatriya, vysias, shudras are 2nd,
3rd, 4th rate souls and the aboriginal inhabitants of
Jumbudvipa/Prabuddha Bharat as having no souls at all. So that any
atrocity can be inflicted upon them. But the Buddha never believed in
any soul. He said all are equal.

Word origin of ‘Dalit’
from Hindi, from Sanskrit dalita, literally: oppressed
Nearby words of ‘Dalit’
Dalhousie
Dali
Dalian
Dalit
Dall sheep
Dallapiccola
Dallas

All ENGLISH words that begin with ‘D’
Source
Definition of Dalit from the Collins English Dictionary

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Dalit

Dalit
Also found in: Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Da¡lit (dÃ¤â€˛lÄ­t)
n.
A member of the lowest class in traditional Indian society, falling
altogether outside the Hindu caste categories and subject to extensive
social restrictions.
[Hindi dalit, crushed, oppressed, from Sanskrit
dalita-, past passive participle of dalayati, to cause to burst,
variant of darayati, he splits, derived form (probably a denominative of
-daraá¸Ĩ, smasher, as in puraᚃdaraá¸Ĩ, citadel-smasher, an epithet of
Indra) of darati, he splits; see der- in Indo-European roots.]

Da′lit adj.
American HeritageÂŽ Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition.
Copyright Š 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights
reserved.
Dalit (ˈdɑːlÉĒt)
n
(Hinduism) a member of the
lowest class in India, whom those of the four main castes were formerly
forbidden to touch. Formerly called (offensive): untouchable
[from Hindi, from Sanskrit dalita, literally: oppressed]
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014
Š HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007,
2009, 2011, 2014

Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a
friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster’s page
for free fun content.
Mentioned in
?
Harijan
outcaste
pariah
untouchable
References in periodicals archive
?
Even though Dalits make up 70 percent of the church, only 600 of
India’s 17,000 priests and six of the 160 bishops come from the Dalit
community.
Caste off: Catholic Dalits (untouchables)in India are divided over how to improve their lot
Energy company Noble Energy Inc (NYSE:NBL) reported on Tuesday the
execution of a Heads of Agreement (HOA) to evaluate Floating LNG for the
export of natural gas from the Tamar and Dalit fields, offshore Israel.
Noble Energy Inc enters into HOA to evaluate Floating LNG, offshore Israel
The awakening of Dalit awareness of selfhood may be traced to the Marathi literature of the 1970s in India.
Urmila Pawar. The Weave of My Life: A Dalit Woman’s Memoirs
com)– Celebrity stylist Dalit Gwenna shows that hats, the new hip trend, can be worn every day, not just on special occasions.
EM & Co and Stylist Dalit Gwenna Share Hat Styling Secrets
Tamil Dalit literature is a relatively new arrival in the literary landscape of India.
The lives of Tamil Dalit women: a study of the literary works of Bama and P. Sivakami
The Dalit Samaritan woman asked Jesus, “Where can I find this living water?
Global Ecumenical Conference on Justice for Dalits March 21-24, 2009, Bangkok, Thailand The Bangkok Declaration and Call
THE JUNE RECORD contained some introductory comments about the Dalit
peoples in caste-affected societies, and about the recent Global
Ecumenical Conference on Justice for Dalits, which took place in Bangkok
this past March.
Moving mountains: the first step to helping 200 million people is self-education
ISLAMABAD, April 24, 2009 (Balochistan Times) — Human Rights activists
are of view that India has been successful in using its regional might
and its position as an ally of Western countries in keeping the Dalit
issue off the United Nations agenda.
India trying to keep Dalit issue off the UN agenda
Noble Energy Inc (NYSE:NBL), a US-based oil and gas exploration and
development company, has announced flow test results from the Dalit
natural gas discovery in the Michal licence offshore Israel.
Noble Energy Announces Successful Flow Test Results
John Mary, a 45-year-old Dalit Christian, is knocking doors for help.
Indian Christian ‘untouchables’ face social monsters
Based on primary research conducted with the Karnataka Domestic Workers
Movement in Bangalore, India, this paper locates the injustice that a
group of dalit women domestic workers identify as structuring their
lives, and assesses the strategies that the group employs in resisting
and dealing with such injustice.
Articulations of injustice and the
recognition–redistribution debate: locating caste, class and gender in
paid domestic work in India
8 (ANI): Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) chief
Mayawati on Thursday condemned the vandalisation of statues of
political and ideological figures across the country including Dalit
icon BR Ambedkar’s statue
Mayawati condemns vandalisation of BR Ambedkar statue
More results â–ē

https://www.google.co.in/â€Ļ/why-notâ€Ļ/article24911632.ece/amp/
The word Dalit denotes the pain of all those who suffered because of
the caste system.” A protest rally in New Delhi under the banner of the
Bahujan Sankalp Mahasabha.PTI D. Raja 10 SEPTEMBER 2018 00:00 IST
UPDATED: 10 SEPTEMBER 2018 03:36 IST The government advisory on the use
of the word shows its intent to further marginalise the community


In pre-Independence India and after 1947, during the several unyielding
movements for justice for Dalits, multiple terms have been used to
convey the idea of the caste system which B.R. Ambedkar described “as an
ascending scale of reverence and descending scale of contempt.” We have
been seeing the “descending scale of contempt” for thousands of years
manifested in the worst manner possible in the practice of
untouchability.

Terms over the years

The many movements
launched by social reformers and activists against the caste system and
against untouchability have used terms such as Antyajas, suppressed
castes, pariahs, depressed castes, Dalits, Harijans, Ati Shudra and Adi
Dravida. Jyotiba Phule is credited to have used the term Dalit. Even
Mahatma Gandhi accepted the term Dalit when he wrote in 1927 that “from
now on, we will describe Antyajas too as dalit.” Explaining that “the
term was first used by Swami Shraddhanand”, Gandhi added that “Swami
Vivekananda chose an English word having the same meaning. He described
the untouchables not as ‘depressed’ but as ‘suppressed’ and quite
rightly. They became, and remain, what they are because they were
suppressed by the so-called upper classes.”

In 1931, many people
disapproved of the use of the word Dalit. Mahatma Gandhi wrote in an
article: “Formerly the name Antyaja was not felt as expressing contempt.
The names Dhed and Bhangi were disliked. I think the term ‘Dalit’ was
first used by the late Swami Shraddhanand. Now it seems that name also
is not liked. The real explanation is that as long as the poison of
untouchability exists in our society, any name that may be given will
probably come to be disliked after some time. Hence the right thing to
do is to get rid of that poison.” He added: “Though it is thus necessary
to attack the root cause, if a better word than Antyaja or Dalit occurs
to anyone he may send it to me.”

In the absence of a better
word, Dalit has been the preferred word in the movements for justice for
Dalits till now. It is well known that the term Harijan was coined by
someone who was a victim of untouchability. He suggested that Gandhi use
it to describe the so-called untouchables. That term was widely used
during the freedom struggle and many, including Ambedkar, considered it
humiliating and patronising. In 1946, Gandhi received a complaint from
someone who wrote, “From the psychological point of view, I think the
name ‘Harijan’ instils into the minds of the people to whom it is
applied a feeling of inferiority, however sacred that name may be. This
feeling is very difficult to wipe out from them — to whatever extent
they are advanced — if they are always called ‘Harijan’. Similarly if a
man in the street is asked about a ‘Harijan’, the first thing he will
speak of is ‘untouchability and the Depressed Class’.”

Gandhi
responded to that question by writing an article, “What is in a name?”,
in which he said: “The name ‘Harijan’ has sacred associations. It was
suggested by a Harijan as a substitute for Asprishya (untouchable),
Dalita (depressed), or for the different categories of ‘untouchables’
such as Bhangis, Mehtars, Chamars, Pariahs, etc.” He added: “The
Government officers put them in a schedule and, therefore, called them
the Scheduled Classes, thus making confusion worse confounded.”

A term that denotes pain


The historical narrative conveys the point that many terms have been
generated in the movements against caste. The British government did not
prefer one term over another even as it put certain castes in a
schedule and called them Scheduled Castes. Now, the confusion has become
more pronounced with the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic
Alliance government issuing an advisory to the media saying they “may
refrain” from using the word Dalit, based on an order by the Nagpur
Bench of the Bombay High Court. Previously, the Madhya Pradesh High
Court had stated that it would “have no manner of doubt” that the
government would “refrain from using the nomenclature ‘Dalit’ for the
members belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes as the same
does not find mention in the Constitution of India or any statute.” This
has caused hurt among the Dalits, who feel that the term is not
offensive or violative of any law, and that such an advisory is not
based on sound reasoning.

My book, Marx and Ambedkar — Continuing
the Dialogue, co-authored with N. Muthumohan, discusses the Dalit
question extensively. Gail Omvedt’s Dalits and the Democratic Revolution
deals with Dalit issues. Can the government dare to dictate terms used
in books, and in public discourse and analysis?

‘Dalit’ had
become the preferred term in Maharashtra during the 1970s. The word
Harijan is not used now (the government issued a circular to officials
in 1982 saying they should not use the term while describing members of
the Scheduled Castes). The word Dalit denotes the pain of all those who
suffered because of the caste system; it defines their identity to
launch struggles based on Ambedkar’s slogan: Educate, Organise, Agitate.
The government’s advisory indicates its anti-Dalit posture. The term
Dalit, used by Jyotiba Phule, Swami Shraddhananda, Gandhi, and Ambedkar,
cannot be dismissed by an executive order. In fact, the seven-judge
Bench of the Supreme Court in S.P. Gupta v. President of India (1981)
had observed that society is “pulsating with urges of gender justice,
worker justice, minorities justice, Dalit justice and equal justice
between chronic un-equals.” In using the term “Dalit justice”, the
Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court validated the use of the term
Dalit. It is painful to state that what the present government is trying
to do was not done even during British rule. Such an advisory sounds
strange when no

TODAY’S PAPER OPINION
OPINION
Why not Dalit?
“The word Dalit denotes the pain of all those who suffered because of
the caste system.” A protest rally in New Delhi under the banner of the
Bahujan Sankalp Mahasabha.PTI
“The word Dalit denotes the pain of
all those who suffered because of the caste system.” A protest rally in
New Delhi under the banner of the Bahujan Sankalp Mahasabha.PTI
D. Raja
10 SEPTEMBER 2018 00:00 IST
UPDATED: 10 SEPTEMBER 2018 03:36 IST

The government advisory on the use of the word shows its intent to further marginalise the community


In pre-Independence India and after 1947, during the several unyielding
movements for justice for Dalits, multiple terms have been used to
convey the idea of the caste system which B.R. Ambedkar described “as an
ascending scale of reverence and descending scale of contempt.” We have
been seeing the “descending scale of contempt” for thousands of years
manifested in the worst manner possible in the practice of
untouchability.

Terms over the years

The many movements
launched by social reformers and activists against the caste system and
against untouchability have used terms such as Antyajas, suppressed
castes, pariahs, depressed castes, Dalits, Harijans, Ati Shudra and Adi
Dravida. Jyotiba Phule is credited to have used the term Dalit. Even
Mahatma Gandhi accepted the term Dalit when he wrote in 1927 that “from
now on, we will describe Antyajas too as dalit.” Explaining that “the
term was first used by Swami Shraddhanand”, Gandhi added that “Swami
Vivekananda chose an English word having the same meaning. He described
the untouchables not as ‘depressed’ but as ‘suppressed’ and quite
rightly. They became, and remain, what they are because they were
suppressed by the so-called upper classes.”

In 1931, many people
disapproved of the use of the word Dalit. Mahatma Gandhi wrote in an
article: “Formerly the name Antyaja was not felt as expressing contempt.
The names Dhed and Bhangi were disliked. I think the term ‘Dalit’ was
first used by the late Swami Shraddhanand. Now it seems that name also
is not liked. The real explanation is that as long as the poison of
untouchability exists in our society, any name that may be given will
probably come to be disliked after some time. Hence the right thing to
do is to get rid of that poison.” He added: “Though it is thus necessary
to attack the root cause, if a better word than Antyaja or Dalit occurs
to anyone he may send it to me.”

In the absence of a better
word, Dalit has been the preferred word in the movements for justice for
Dalits till now. It is well known that the term Harijan was coined by
someone who was a victim of untouchability. He suggested that Gandhi use
it to describe the so-called untouchables. That term was widely used
during the freedom struggle and many, including Ambedkar, considered it
humiliating and patronising. In 1946, Gandhi received a complaint from
someone who wrote, “From the psychological point of view, I think the
name ‘Harijan’ instils into the minds of the people to whom it is
applied a feeling of inferiority, however sacred that name may be. This
feeling is very difficult to wipe out from them — to whatever extent
they are advanced — if they are always called ‘Harijan’. Similarly if a
man in the street is asked about a ‘Harijan’, the first thing he will
speak of is ‘untouchability and the Depressed Class’.”

Gandhi
responded to that question by writing an article, “What is in a name?”,
in which he said: “The name ‘Harijan’ has sacred associations. It was
suggested by a Harijan as a substitute for Asprishya (untouchable),
Dalita (depressed), or for the different categories of ‘untouchables’
such as Bhangis, Mehtars, Chamars, Pariahs, etc.” He added: “The
Government officers put them in a schedule and, therefore, called them
the Scheduled Classes, thus making confusion worse confounded.”

A term that denotes pain


The historical narrative conveys the point that many terms have been
generated in the movements against caste. The British government did not
prefer one term over another even as it put certain castes in a
schedule and called them Scheduled Castes. Now, the confusion has become
more pronounced with the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic
Alliance government issuing an advisory to the media saying they “may
refrain” from using the word Dalit, based on an order by the Nagpur
Bench of the Bombay High Court. Previously, the Madhya Pradesh High
Court had stated that it would “have no manner of doubt” that the
government would “refrain from using the nomenclature ‘Dalit’ for the
members belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes as the same
does not find mention in the Constitution of India or any statute.” This
has caused hurt among the Dalits, who feel that the term is not
offensive or violative of any law, and that such an advisory is not
based on sound reasoning.

My book, Marx and Ambedkar — Continuing
the Dialogue, co-authored with N. Muthumohan, discusses the Dalit
question extensively. Gail Omvedt’s Dalits and the Democratic Revolution
deals with Dalit issues. Can the government dare to dictate terms used
in books, and in public discourse and analysis?

‘Dalit’ had
become the preferred term in Maharashtra during the 1970s. The word
Harijan is not used now (the government issued a circular to officials
in 1982 saying they should not use the term while describing members of
the Scheduled Castes). The word Dalit denotes the pain of all those who
suffered because of the caste system; it defines their identity to
launch struggles based on Ambedkar’s slogan: Educate, Organise, Agitate.
The government’s advisory indicates its anti-Dalit posture. The term
Dalit, used by Jyotiba Phule, Swami Shraddhananda, Gandhi, and Ambedkar,
cannot be dismissed by an executive order. In fact, the seven-judge
Bench of the Supreme Court in S.P. Gupta v. President of India (1981)
had observed that society is “pulsating with urges of gender justice,
worker justice, minorities justice, Dalit justice and equal justice
between chronic un-equals.” In using the term “Dalit justice”, the
Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court validated the use of the term
Dalit. It is painful to state that what the present government is trying
to do was not done even during British rule. Such an advisory sounds
strange when no such demand has been made by any Dalit organisation or
leader, and when the term is used by the Supreme Court.

Such an
advisory at a time when the term Dalit is empowering Dalits in their
relentless fight against the increasing levels of atrocities against
them, and at a time of heightened Dalit consciousness in the country,
only signals the intent of the government to further marginalise the
community, which is being asked to conform to the identity determined by
the government. This is unacceptable. The government should withdraw
its circular and challenge the order passed by the Bombay High Court in
the Supreme Court.

D. Raja is National Secretary of the Communist Party of India and a Member of Parliament

https://www.google.co.in/search?client=safari&channel=iphone_bm&source=hp&ei=3xSWW-npAYm-rQG91r7IAw&ins=false&q=Infiltrators+will+be+deported+-+BJP&oq=Infiltrators+will+be+deported+-+BJP&gs_l=mobile-gws-wiz-hp.3..33i160.81482.125234..126856â€Ļ0.0..2.3171.48130.6-12j9j8j5â€Ļâ€Ļ0â€Ļ.1â€Ļâ€Ļ.3..0j41j46j0i131j0i22i10i30j0i22i30j33i22i29i30j33i21.j5QmjAY4Ob4

Just
0.1% intolerant, cunning, crooked, number one terrorists, violent,
militant, ever shooting, mob lynching, lunatic, mentally retarded
rapists foreigners from Bene Israel chitpavan brahmin RSS (Rowdy
Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks) are the real infiltrators remotely controlling
BJP (Brashtachar Jiyadha Psychopaths) full of hatred, anger, jealousy,
delusion that are defilement of the mind requiring mental treatment in
mental asylums. The 99.9 % Sarva SamJ must unite to catch hold of these
mad people to admit them in mental hospitals.

https://www.google.co.in/â€Ļ/patel-woâ€Ļ/article6669125.ece/amp/
Patel would not have allowed Ambedkar to draft Constitution


Dr. B.R. Ambedkar would not have drafted the Constitution of India if
Sardar Vallabhai Patel had become the first Prime Minister, Dalit
ideologue Kancha Ilaiah said here on Saturday.


“Dr.Ambedkar and Jawaharlal Nehru had a common understanding of caste,
religion and nation building, but ‘Iron Man’ Sardar Vallabhai Patel
would never have allowed Dr. Ambedkar to draft the Constitution and lay
the foundation for a democratic nation,” he added.

Speaking at a
seminar on ‘Dr. Ambedkar, Nehru and Patel: the contemporary debate’
organised by the Dr. Ambedkar Chair on Social Policy and Social Action
and Dr. Ambedkar Foundation, Dr. Ilaiah said: “After Nehru became the
head of the interim government, he appointed Dr. Ambedkar as Chairman of
the Drafting Committee, giving him a free hand to draft the
Constitution. Both Nehru and Ambedkar had a secular, liberal and
rational outlook, but Patel was a fundamentalist.”

Elaborating on
the commonalities between Nehru and Ambedkar, Dr. Ilaiah said it was
the idea of Dr. Ambedkar that a national government be formed after
Independence. The first government had representation from all
communities and regions. ANU Registrar P. Raja Sekhar, Rector K.R.S.
Sambasiva Rao, University College of Arts, Commerce and Law principal V.
Chandrasekhara Rao and Science College principal B.Re. Victor Babu were
present.






































































































https://youtu.be/qIEbf-i98bo
https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/patel-would-not-have-allowed-ambedkar-to-draft-constitution/article6669125.ece/amp/

Patel would not have allowed Ambedkar to draft Constitution

Dr.
B.R. Ambedkar would not have drafted the Constitution of India if
Sardar Vallabhai Patel had become the first Prime Minister, Dalit
ideologue Kancha Ilaiah said here on Saturday.

“Dr.Ambedkar and
Jawaharlal Nehru had a common understanding of caste, religion and
nation building, but ‘Iron Man’ Sardar Vallabhai Patel would never have
allowed Dr. Ambedkar to draft the Constitution and lay the foundation
for a democratic nation,” he added.

Speaking at a seminar on ‘Dr.
Ambedkar, Nehru and Patel: the contemporary debate’ organised by the
Dr. Ambedkar Chair on Social Policy and Social Action and Dr. Ambedkar
Foundation, Dr. Ilaiah said: “After Nehru became the head of the interim
government, he appointed Dr. Ambedkar as Chairman of the Drafting
Committee, giving him a free hand to draft the Constitution. Both Nehru
and Ambedkar had a secular, liberal and rational outlook, but Patel was a
fundamentalist.”

Elaborating on the commonalities between Nehru
and Ambedkar, Dr. Ilaiah said it was the idea of Dr. Ambedkar that a
national government be formed after Independence. The first government
had representation from all communities and regions. ANU Registrar P.
Raja Sekhar, Rector K.R.S. Sambasiva Rao, University College of Arts,
Commerce and Law principal V. Chandrasekhara Rao and Science College
principal B.Re. Victor Babu were present.






https://www.google.co.in/â€Ļ/voices%252Fopinion%252Fsardar-paâ€Ļ
Did You Know?

Sardar Patel and Dr Ambedkar strongly differed on reservation and caste.
They sparred over this in the Constituent Assembly Debates.

Ambedkar wanted to protect SC/ST rights via quotas in education and employment.
Patel felt quotas “quotas are anti-national”.


Therefore for this reason Murderer of democratic institutions (Modi)
after gobbling the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs laid the
foundation stone in 2013, he commissioned Patel’s statue at Kevadia in
Gujarat, which is billed as being the tallest in the world.

Thus,
in this perplexing crucible, it would be worthwhile to delve into the
tomes of history and see whether both the icons – Ambedkar and Patel –
saw eye-to-eye on caste and reservations.

https://www.google.co.in/â€Ļ/patel-woâ€Ļ/article6669125.ece/amp/
Patel would not have allowed Ambedkar to draft Constitution


Dr. B.R. Ambedkar would not have drafted the Constitution of India if
Sardar Vallabhai Patel had become the first Prime Minister, SC/ST
ideologue Kancha Ilaiah said here on Saturday.


“Dr.Ambedkar and Jawaharlal Nehru had a common understanding of caste,
religion and nation building, but ‘Iron Man’ Sardar Vallabhai Patel
would never have allowed Dr. Ambedkar to draft the Constitution and lay
the foundation for a democratic nation,” he added.

Speaking at a
seminar on ‘Dr. Ambedkar, Nehru and Patel: the contemporary debate’
organised by the Dr. Ambedkar Chair on Social Policy and Social Action
and Dr. Ambedkar Foundation, Dr. Ilaiah said: “After Nehru became the
head of the interim government, he appointed Dr. Ambedkar as Chairman of
the Drafting Committee, giving him a free hand to draft the
Constitution. Both Nehru and Ambedkar had a secular, liberal and
rational outlook, but Patel was a fundamentalist.”

Elaborating on
the commonalities between Nehru and Ambedkar, Dr. Ilaiah said it was
the idea of Dr. Ambedkar that a national government be formed after
Independence. The first government had representation from all
communities and regions. ANU Registrar P. Raja Sekhar, Rector K.R.S.
Sambasiva Rao, University College of Arts, Commerce and Law principal V.
Chandrasekhara Rao and Science College principal B.Re. Victor Babu were
present.



https://www.google.co.in/â€Ļ/story-EqYMsbzYbhDOtNgocROfNM_ampâ€Ļ
Ban RSS, India’s no 1 terror organisation: Former Maharashtra cop
Maharashtra’s former inspector general of police SM Mushrif on Tuesday
accused the Intelligence Bureau (IB) of being hand-in-glove with
right-wing extremists, and called for a ban on the RSS describing it as
India’s No.1 terror organisation.
Updated: Feb 23, 2016 20:25:20


SM Mushrif speaking at the launch of his book. (PTI Photo)
Maharashtra’s former inspector general of police SM Mushrif on Tuesday
accused the Intelligence Bureau (IB) of being hand-in-glove with
right-wing extremists, and called for a ban on the RSS describing it as
India’s No.1 terror organisation. At the launch of the Bengali version
of his book “RSS - Country’s Greatest Terror Organisation”, Mushrif also
termed the ongoing JNU controversy as a manifestation of the Rashtriya
Swayamsevak Sangh’s (RSS) attempt to turn India into a Hindu nation.
“The IB has been and continues to be the most powerful organisation in
the country and irrespective of which political party is in power at the
centre, it continues to operate the way it wants.

Whatever the
IB says or does is considered the truth and its claims or acts are never
questioned or verified,” said Mushrif, indicting the agency for
colluding with the RSS and its subsidiaries for the killing of
anti-terror squad chief Hemant Karkare, who was probing the involvement
of Hindu radicals in terror acts.

Karkare was killed during the 2008 Mumbai terror attack.


“No other terror organisation has used RDX like the RSS has. At least
18 chargesheets have been filed against the RSS and its subsidiaries
like Abhinav Bharat and Bajrang Dal in terror cases.

The RSS should be immediately banned for being the country’s No.1 terror organisation,” said Mushrif.

Condemning the Jawaharlal Nehru University row, Mushrif expressed alarm over rising right-wing extremism.


“This is only a manifestation of the RSS’s bid to establish the
Aryavart Hindu Rashtra based on the tenets of Smritis and Vedas. Its
time the entire country stood up against this rise of extremism,” said
the author of “Who Killed Karkare? : The Real Face of Terrorism in
India”.

RSS : World’s largest terrorist Organization


RSS : World’s largest terrorist Organization


https://defence.pk/â€Ļ/narendra-modi-a-terrorist-who-rose-toâ€Ļ/
About Hindutva, Sanghparivar, RSS, Fascism, Religious Terror,
“The whole business of Hindutva and its nationalism is a poison in the
body politic of India. We have to accept that the poison has been
injected and it will take a lot to purge it,” Arundhati Roy

SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 19, 2006
RSS : World’s largest terrorist Organization?

What makes one or an organization terrorist?


American Heritage Dictionary: The unlawful use or threatened use of
force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or
property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or
governments, often for ideological or political reasons.

Does the Sanghparivar have any of these qualities in its work to make it not to declare a terrorist organization?


An American research centre has placed our ultra-nationalist Rashtrya
Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS) on its terrorist list. The East Virginia-based
Terrorism Research Center (TRC) is closely connected to the American
government and many of its directors and researchers have closely worked
with US administrations and have taken part in research and planning
for the US administration.

In the list of ?? in India, the TRC
has placed RSS under no. 21. Here is the link as it appeared on 9
September 2004 on the group?s website under the caption ?Known Terrorist
Groups Operating in India?.


http://www.terrorism.com/modules.phpâ€Ļ

RSS


The RSS was founded in 1925 by the Maratha Brahmin Keshav Baliram
Hegdewar on the Aryan Vaishnava Holy day of Vijaya Dashami (the 10th day
of the moon) when the Aryan invader Rama destroyed the Dravidian Empire
of Lanka [ Sangh ]. This was done to symbolise its inherent anti-Sudra
nature. Its organisation is highly skewed, with the Sar Sangh Chalak
(supreme dictator) at the top [ Roots ]. This person can only be a
Brahmin.

RSS militia is organised around local cells or `shakas’
where weapons are distributed to its hardcore members, who are drilled
in a vigorous program of harsh discipline. RSS converted hindu temples
serve as repositories of weapons as well as centers of dissemination of
its racist ideology of Aryan supremacy. RSS cadre graduate to the BJP.

VHP (Vishwa Hindu Parishad)


The council was established on August 29, 1964 in Bombay, Maharastra [
Biju ] with a political objective of establishing the supremacy of
Hinduism all over the world. It obtains funds and recruits from Aryan
Hindus all across the globe, especially from the US, UK and Canada and
has grown to become the main fund-raising agency of Brahmanist
Fundamentalism. The council was instrumental in the demolition of the
holiest Islamic shrine in Oudh, the Babri Masjid at Ayodhya and has
organised several massacres of Muslims and Christians. It is in the
forefront in the call for a Hindu Rashtra, a Hindu State ethnically
cleansed of its non-Aryan populations.

Bajrang Dal ( Party of Monkey God called Hanuman.)


The militant wing of the VHP, it was formed “to counter `Sikh
militancy’ ” during the Sikh Genocide of 1983-84 [ Bajrang ]. Created
with the objective of the eradication of Sikhs which it has termed
“Muslims in disguise”, its cadres fought alongside Congress-backed
Hindutva militias during the massacre of 200,000 Sikhs under Indira
Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi. Recruits carry a ” knife-like trident to be
slung across the shoulder - an answer to the Sikh kirpan ” [ Bajrang ].
later it has subsequently expanded its targets to include Muslims and
Christians as well.

ABVP

This front comprises students of
Hindu religious schools (vidyalayas). It has expanded its base by
infiltration into `secular’ universities. Its higher-ranking cadres are
well-equipped with weaponry; they often organise communal campus
disturbances against Christians, Muslims, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains.
Most of its members graduate to become hardcore RSS and VHP militants.

An excellent thesis: articulate, erudite, and dispassionate.


Now go ahead and present this to UN general assemble, UNSC, European
and American media, and try to get RSS ban in at least a couple of
countries. You would find willing allies among Christian fanatics.


If possible ,get it framed and nail it on entrance of UN building, like
Martin Luther nailed his thesis on door of Castle Church of Wittenberg.
This thesis of your is more path braking than the one which caused
Protestant reformation.
About Hindutva, Sanghparivar, RSS, Fascism, Religious Terror,
“The whole business of Hindutva and its nationalism is a poison in the
body politic of India. We have to accept that the poison has been
injected and it will take a lot to purge it,” Arundhati Roy

MONDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 2006
A report on the ‘attack’ on RSS Headquarters on June 01, 2006


The official version of events raises scores of doubts. The team wanted
simple clarifications from the Commissioner of Police, Nagpur and
approached him continuously for five days. That the Commissioner
persistently declined to meet the team and answer these simple queries,
reveal his unwillingness and/or his inability to answer these questions.


It also suggests that he chose to hide certain facts. And this leads
the team to question the veracity of the Commissioner of Police’s
narration of the encounter. The Cock and bull story of the encounter
thus compels the team to infer that the encounter appears to be fake and
requires, in the interest of the nation, a fair probing.

Constituent member organizations:

People’s Union for Civil Liberties,

Nagpur Committee for Protection of Democratic Rights,

Mumbai Dharma Nirapeksh Nagarik Manch, Nagpur

Andhra Pradesh Civil Liberties Committee,

Hyderabad Indian Association of People’s Lawyers Bahujan Sangharsh Samiti
List of Members

Head of the Team, Justice B G Kolse Patil, Rtd Judge of Mumbai High Court, Convenor, Dr Suresh Khairnar,
Members Dr Anand Teltumde, CPDR, Mumbai; Adv. P Suresh Kumar, Andra
Pradesh Civil Liberties Committee, Hyderabad; Mr Ahmed Latif Khan, Civil
Liberty Monitoring Committee, Hyderabad; Dr D John Chelladurai, India
Peace Centre, Nagpur; Mr Nagesh Choudhury, Bahujan Sangharsh Samiti,
Nagpur; Mr Arvind Ghosh, PUCL, Nagpur; Adv. Anil Kale, Indian Assn of
People’s Lawyers; Adv. Surendra Gadling, Indian Assn of People’s
Lawyers; Mr Gaffar Shakir, Dharma Nirapeksha Nagarik Manch, Nagpur; Mr
Ashish K Ghosh, PUCL, Nagpur; Mr Arvind Deshmukh, Bahujan Sangharsh
Samiti, Nagpur; Mr T V Kathane, Nagpur, Bahujan Sangharsh Samiti,Nagpur;
Adv. Anand Gajbhiye, IAPL, Nagpur

Introduction

The nation
awoke on June 01, 2006 hearing the shocking news of an attempted attack
on the RSS headquarters building. It was a respite that the news of
police foiling the attempt too came along.

The news of attempted
attack on the Head Quarters of the RSS reportedly by fidayeens of a Pak
based terrorist group, sent a spine chilling fear in the minds of
millions of peace loving people in the country. We all know very well,
the potential of such a happening to ignite a trail of tragic clashes
among the communities. The peace loving masses heaved a sigh of relief
as the leaders of every community promptly condemned the heinous act and
appealed to the masses to maintain peace, and peace did prevail. In the
next twenty four hours quite a lot of information, almost all the
information pertaining to the attackers had been published obviously
supplied by the police department to the media.

The narrative of
the whole encounter as reported on June 02, 2006, instead of clearing
the mystery of the attackers, unfortunately confounded the citizens all
the more. The reports were conflicting and left innumerable questions on
ground zero situation unanswered.

The foiled attempt and the
appreciable tranquility maintained by the masses were a great relief.
However the deadly weapon and ammunition with which the ‘fidayeens’ (as
told by the Commissioner of Police) appeared, and the ease with which
the police claimed to have liquidated them, suggested that the Police
team had a ‘cake walk’ over the deadly terrorists. The very next day a
section of the media aired their doubt over the whole happening (as
reported by the Police Commissioner), most of them quoting wide sections
of the national community, including senior leaders.

The peace
loving social activists and campaigners for communal harmony based in
Nagpur were at first relieved by the success of the police over the
terrorists. However the confounding report that appeared in the media
and the doubts aired by masses and leaders prompted them to read between
the lines. Particularly, the ‘Islamic’ terrorist attempting to attack
RSS Head Quarters has a larger implication. It has the potential to push
the nation into a communal strife. Scuh a thing should not be allowed
to happen in any manner, orchestrated by any group. The confounding
report of the ‘encounter’ therefore requires an honest study.

The
above stated social organizations, hence constituted a fact finding
team comprised of the above mentioned activists. The team is headed by
Mr B G Kolse Patil, retired Judge of Mumbai High Court, and Convened by
Dr Suresh Khairnar, a renowned social thinker and activist. The team
visited the site of the encounter, spoke to the people residing in the
vicinity. The team also visited the RSS Head Quarters and met Mr Shirish
Wate, the HQ incharge.

The team went to Government Medical
College to meet the doctors who carried out the postmortem. Dr Dhavane,
who was present gave elementary information but declined to give
details. The team spoke to Dr Vibhawari Dani, Dean, Govt Medical
Hospital and College on telephone. The Dean also declined to reveal the
postmortem report. It was a classified document, she said.

The
team repeatedly sought an appointment with the Commissioner of Police.
The CP too declined to meet the team. On the contrary the CP asked the
respectable members their credentials; who funded the team, what
international connections does the team have and similar questions with
apparent intention to intimidate the team from their earnest effort to
help the society to know the truth.

The Incident as reported by Mr S P S Yadav, the Commissioner of Police, Nagpur
The Special squad of the City police who were on high alert following
specific input from intelligence agency spotted a white Ambassador car
moving in a suspicious manner in Lakdi Pul in Mahal area and started
tailing it. Two cars, a Tata Sumo and a Qualis were used in the
operation. The tailing cars were unmarked and all police personal in it
were wearing plain clothes.

When the ambassador car with red
beacon atop moved towards RSS Head Quarters, one for the constables in
the Tata Sumo casually asked the young occupants about their intentions.
Rattled by the enquiry the militants opened fire on the police vehicle
even as they tried to get away. In the process they dashed into the
barricade near the eastern side of the RSS HQ. The alert cops led by PSI
Rajendra Tiwari, PSI Arvind Saraf and PSI JA More replied to the
Gunfire. It was their bulletproof jackets that saved police personnel.
The terrorists also threw a hand grenade on the police party. But it
failed to explode. They threw the grenade without pulling out the pin.


The gun battle lasted about 20 minutes in which the militants fired 76
rounds while the cops retaliated with 63 rounds. The terrorists had
three AK-M automatic weapons, 12 hand grenades and 5.6 Kgs of highly
explosive materials with them. They also had three spare magazines for
their fire arms each carrying 30 rounds. They had hundred and twenty
rounds each, said Mr S P S Yadav. Mr Yadav also reported to have said,
looking at their preparation and determination to storm RSS HQ at any
cost despite heavy police deployment, indicates that it was a ‘fidayeen’
attack.

Refusing to divulge the exact identity of the three
militants, who were in the age group of 20-22 years, Mr Yadav described
them as ‘Islamic militants.’ At this point of time, he added, it is too
premature to associate them with any outfit.

Media reports


As per the details received from the police a white Ambassador car MH
20-8979 with a red beacon and three persons on board dressed as police
sub-inspectors, was first spotted by the patrolling police party at the
central avenue some time before the incident. The car was heading
towards Badkas Chowk. As it emerged form Chitaroli, two police vehicles,
a Tata Sumo carrying two PSI and five constables and a Toyoto Qualis
with 5 PSI got suspicious about the car. The police vehicles hastened
the chase of the suspicious ambassador car. At Badkas chowk the
ambassador car took a left turn towards Junta chowk and again turned
right towards the Sangh building from the Lakdipul side.


Presuming the car might have gone towards Ayachit mandir the police
stopped the chase for a while. However when the police jeep came back to
the same place during their routine patrol, they noticed the same car
in a small alley between Lakdipul and Gajanan Mandir towards the eastern
gate of the RSS Head Quarters. The Police vans then closed in on the
ambassador car. However, without paying heed to the police patrol the
car tried to force its way through the temporary barricade erected 50
meters before the main entrance of the RSS HQ. At this juncture the PSI
Tiwari intercepted the ambassador car and enquired as to where it was
heading. Instantly thereafter the two ultras who were seated on the rear
seats came out of the car with a grenade in their left hand and AK56
rifle in the right hand. One of them lobbed the grenade at the police,
but since the pin was not fully removed it failed to explode. Seeing
this the ultras opened indiscriminate fire at the police party. In the
melee PSI Saraf who just alighted from the police vehicle got hit at his
abdomen. However, since he was wearing a bullet proof vest the bullet
did not pierce his body. Soon after this police force and the ultras
started exchanging fire in which two of the three militants were killed
on the spot. The driver of the car then tried to flee towards the Bhauji
Daftari School. However he could not escape the bullets from the police
and he too was killed on the spot. The entire shoot out went on for
just around 15 minutes between 4.00 and 4.15 AM.

The police then
informed the control room and the commissioner of Police about the shoot
out. The senior police officers immediately reached the spot and
shifted at the three ultras to the government medical college where they
were declared brought dead. The members of Dautkhani family along with
other neighbours woke up at the sound of the firing and one of his
family members opened the door of their house to peep outside.


However alert cops told the family members to shut the door and remain
inside the house only. It was to prevent the terrorists from taking
shelter in the Dautkani house and taking them as hostages. The operation
was carried out by the city police successfully without any loss of
life other than that of the militants. The press reported on the 2nd
June that, all the three terrorists are said to be Pak nationals. Two of
them hailed from Lahore and the third from Gujranwala. The police had
seized from the place a dairy which contained email addresses in Urdu, a
few phone numbers of Lohare and Gujranwala. Rs 45,000 and maps of the
city were recovered from the terrorists.

































The names of three
terrorists are said to be Afsal Ahmed Bhat, Bilal Ahmed Bhat and
Mohammed Usman Habib. Loksatta, (Indian Express Group) Nagpur Marathi
edition, dated June 03 2006 carried an article containing the following
detail. ‘Normally the attacks by the terrorists are preplanned
meticulously and they seldom fail in their attempt. This being the
public opinion, the recent futile attempt by the terrorists on RSS
building and the success gained by the police in thwarting the attempt
creates suspicion in public mind as well as among RSS people and their
rivals.

Though normally terrorists claim the responsibility of
the attack, no terrorist group has claimed any responsibility to this
attempt. Therefore the question arises, whether they were hardcore
Islamic terrorists or just any other newcomers. According to police
statement, threat of attack on RSS head quarters loomed large for the
last one year and there was security cordon around the building. Yet the
attackers seemed to have no idea of any of them, neither did they seem
to know the roads leading to RSS building. And no map of the building
and its surrounding could be found with them.

During the whole
encounter with the police the terrorists got only one chance to lob a
grenade and that too did not explode. That not a single policeman was
injured by the bullets of the attackers, puts a question mark on the
ability of the terrorists. The attackers could bring a car load of guns
and bullets, hand grenades, powerful explosives like RDX from places
thousands of kilometers away without being detected or checked by any
police or civic authorities, is a matter of surprise even in the RSS
circles.

The RSS which usually take such attack on them seriously
and go for nationwide protest, unusually kept extraordinary silence and
the morning shaka at the headquarters went on with more people
attending it. It was a surprise even among the cadres of RSS. This also
has created among their functionaries doubt over the bona fide of the
attackers. However, they speak in a low voice.
‘ Mahanayak, a
Marathi news paper from Mumbai, published a title page news from its
special correspondent from Nagpur, with the caption: “Mahanayak’s
Special Story on the Attack on RSS Head Quarters.” The news goes like
this: There is a talk among the Nagpur police that, of the 11 police who
conducted the encounter, 6 police did not even know how to handle a
carbine. Some of them were under demotion on account of departmental
disciplinary action, and they were given this ‘chance’ to prove their
‘worthiness.’ Sources close to the police circle say, none of the eleven
cops had special commando training. The authorities punished two of
them, for they extorted from a ‘gutka’ merchant a huge amount (Rs 3.5
lakhs) five months ago, in the Panchpoli police station area. At the
orders of the CP they were shifted to another ‘punishment’ section.
Police inner circle is surprised at the composition of the squad for
most of them do not know to handle guns properly.

The reporter
gives details of many indisciplines of the eleven police personals and
wonders how and on what basis they were selected for Special Squad to
handle such an important assignment in the RSS HQ.

Observations of the fact team


1. When the police had prior information about possible attack on RSS
Head Quarters and the police were prepared, as stated by the
Commissioner of Police (CP), to handle possible attack, why did they
allow the attackers to go close to the RSS HQ? Why did the Police not
stop them at first sight?

2. We hear from the residents, that the
police had a kind of rehearsal to the ‘encounter’ few days back on the
same spot. Police even fired in the air on the occasion, they claim. And
when the actual encounter took place, these residents said, they first
thought that it was yet another demonstration. Why did the police take a
demo a few days ago?

3. The CP has said, “when the ambassador
car with red beacon atop moved towards RSS HQ, one of the constables in
the Tata Sumo casually asked the young occupants about their intentions.
Rattled by the inquiry the militants opened fire on the police vehicle
even as they tried to get away.” For the constable to ask casually,
either he must have brought his car (the police vehicle) side by side to
the terrorist vehicle or he (the constable) must have come by foot
close to terrorist vehicle (and asked them). In either case the
constable must have been exposed to the terrorist attack at close
quarter. How did the constable escape unhurt? The narration of the
incident doesn’t have any detail to clarify this.

4. There is no
eyewitness to the whole happening. The encounter took place according to
the police at 4.15 AM. The bodies of the assailants were removed even
before the press reporters (who were the first people other than the
Police) reached the spot, close to 5.00 AM. Why this hurry?

5.
Day one media report says, Deputy Commissioner Mr Prabhat Kumar was in
the patrolling team and he smelled foul and started tailing it in their
unmarked blue Tata Sumo. Why did the CP not bring him (Mr P Kumar) in
his (CP) narration of the encounter? Why did CP hide the DCP?

6.
Another report says that the patrolling police that tailed the
ambassador at one point “presumed the car might have gone towards
Ayachit mandir the police stopped the chase for a while. However when
the police jeep came back to the same place during their routine patrol,
they noticed the same car in a small alley between Lakdipul and
Gajanand Mandir towards the eastern gate of the RSS Head Quarters. As
the point where the police missed the ambassador car and the place where
they saw them again are the same small alley, do the police mean to say
that the attackers were waiting over there until then?

7. It is
said that the attackers’ car tried to force its way through the
barricade. The said barricade was installed a couple of weeks before
June 01 2006, in the aftermath of weapon seizure from antisocial
elements in the State. When the attackers came where were the sentries
posted at the barricade? They must have been the first one to stop the
terrorists or get attacked by the terrorists. Where were they?

8.
The exchange of fire took place for twenty minutes, it was reported.
Can anyone explain how the police disabled the terrorists from using the
dozen hand grenades and the 360 rounds of bullets?

9. That the
terrorists had 12 hand grenade, 360 rounds of bullets, 5.6 Kgs of highly
explosive material which was later stated to be RDX, and they battled
for twenty minutes ‘hopelessly’ not using any of them, is a narration
that fails to convince common sense.

10. It was reported that the
police recovered from the terrorists’ vehicle a sealed case containing
12 hand grenades. The terrorists coming on a deadly mission carrying
their munitions in sealed cases does not comply the logic of terrorist
attack. They did not even open them when they were fighting for 20
minutes in a losing battle makes the narration all the more
unconvincing.

11. That the terrorists, reported to be ‘fidayeen’
who chose to travel on white ambassador car with red beacon atop, not
knowing what is the official protocol but chose to wear PSI dress, does
not comply with the statement of the CP that the terrorists were a
trained fidayeens.

12. The reported information that the police
recovered wet underwear and soaked bathing soap from the white
ambassador car suggests that they could not have been ‘terrorists’ on a
mission involving their very life.

13. The police declared them
as ‘Islamic’ terrorist and Pak based ‘fidayeens’. The stated seizure of a
diary containing all their names and their own telephone numbers sounds
farce. Usually we do not write our own telephone numbers in our dairy.
Terrorists of deadly mission carrying a dairy with their own identities
when they were on an attack, do not appeal common sense.

14. Even
if the police had found a dairy belonging to the attackers, how did
they decipher the code names and codified messages in so short a time
that in less than 10 hours the CP could reveal their identity as
‘Islamic’ terrorist and ‘fidayeens’? (the history of terrorist attack
tells clearly that the terrorists do not carry written documents. If
they have to write anything they choose to write in codes and false
names.)

15. What authentication did the police possess to finally
declare them as Muslims and bury them according to Islamic rituals?
What was the hurry to bury the dead bodies of the terrorists without
establishing their identity?

16. Few holes on the walls (opposite
to Bharat Mahila Vidyalay) are, said by the CID official present at the
site, as bullet marks. Two of the six marks found to be marks of
bullets fired from right across, at 90 degrees. One bullet mark, as
marked by the police on the Bharat Mahila Vidyalay wall too clearly
indicates that the bullet was fired at 90 degrees. Were the police and
their vehicle come side by side the terrorists? It was amusing, that the
police officer present at the time of the team’s visit to the spot,
told that bullets fired by the policemen down the lane from behind the
terrorist vehicle possibly took an aerial curve and hit the wall at 90
degree.

17. There is hardly any mark of terrorist bullets on the other side, except on the Police vehicle.


18. The blue Tata Sumo vehicle that was tailing behind the terrorist
vehicle had six bullet marks. Two of them were at least apparently
pistol bullet marks. The police report did not mention terrorists having
used pistols. How did pistol bullet marks appear on the police vehicle?


19. The terrorists were reported to have fired from AK-M automatic
guns. The bullet marks on the blue Tata Sumo of the police bear bullet
marks that are all single shot marks. There is no series of bullet marks
(which is expected if the opponents were using automatic guns) that
raises the doubt over nature of the exchange of fire.

20. One
bullet hole was found (in the police blue Tata Sumo vehicle) on the
right side front door from inside. The point of hit was almost at the
hip of the driver. Had the driver been on his seat he should have been
hit. There was no such report. It is clear that the driver was not in
the seat at the time of firing. We found bullet marks on the same police
vehicle hit from three angles on the left side of the vehicle. Three
bullets were 45 degrees from behind, two bullets 90 degrees on the left
and one bullet 130 degree further that hit just below the front
windshield. The question is, if the vehicle is not on the move during
the attack, (as the bullet did not hit the driver), then how did the
bullet mark appear from three angles? This question assumes significance
as it was not possible for the terrorists to move to such wide range
and fire from all three angles, for they were caught in their vehicle
that was trapped in a narrow alley and they were immobilized.

21.
Mr S P S Yadav, Commissioner of Police is reported to have said,
“Looking at their preparation and determination to storm RSS HQ at any
cost despite heavy police deployment, indicates that it was a ‘fidayeen’
attack.” This conclusion of the CP amounts to be hasty in his decision;
or the terrorists were in his hands prior to the encounter, for him to
know about them in detail.

22. On the site of the encounter was
parked a white Maruti Omni car at the premises of Mr Jopat, the compound
wall being fenced by barbed wire. As the house is the first one in the
lane (in front of which raised the barricade) and the attackers were
inside the lane, if the police wanted to target the attackers, they
should have gone some where behind this Maruti Omni car. When there was
over 140 rounds of fire, there is not a single bullet mark on the
vehicle.

This creates strong doubts over the nature of reported encounter.

Recommendations


The official version of events raises scores of doubts. The team wanted
simple clarifications from the Commissioner of Police, Nagpur and
approached him continuously for five days. That the CP persistently
declined to meet the team and answer these simple queries, reveal his
unwillingness / inability to face these fair queries.

It also
suggests that he chose to hide certain facts. And this lead the team to
question the veracity of the Commissioner of Police’s narration of the
encounter. The Cock and Bull story of the encounter thus compels the
team to infer that the encounter appears to be fake and requires, in the
interest of the nation, a fair probing.

The team therefore,
calls upon the Central government to appoint a judicial enquiry
committee headed by a retired judge of the Supreme Court and probe the
whole episode.

Labels: Fake Encounters, RSS Head Quaters

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02/25/20
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LESSON  3286 WED 26 Feb 2020


Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING

from

KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL









VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS)

Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)



All Aboriginal  Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch)


Introduction

Thus have I heard:
On
one occasion, the Bhagavā was staying among the Kurus at Kammāsadhamma,
a market town of the Kurus. There, he addressed the bhikkhus:
– Bhikkhus.– Bhaddante answered the bhikkhus. The Bhagavā said:
–
This, bhikkhus, is the path that leads to nothing but the purification
of beings, the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, the disappearance
of dukkha-domanassa, the attainment of the right way, the realization of
Nibbāna, that is to say the four satipaᚭᚭhānas.

Which four?
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya, ātāpÄĢ
sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world.
He dwells observing vedanā in vedanā, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, having
given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing citta
in citta, ātāpÄĢ sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa
towards the world. He dwells observing dhamma¡s in dhamma¡s, ātāpÄĢ
sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world.

I. Kāyānupassanā

A. Section on ānāpāna

And
how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell observing kāya in kāya? Here,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, having gone to the forest or having gone at the
root of a tree or having gone to an empty room, sits down folding the
legs crosswise, setting kāya upright, and setting sati parimukhaᚃ. Being
thus sato he breathes in, being thus sato he breathes out. Breathing in
long he understands: ‘I am breathing in long’; breathing out long he
understands: ‘I am breathing out long’; breathing in short he
understands: ‘I am breathing in short’; breathing out short he
understands: ‘I am breathing out short’; he trains himself: ‘feeling the
whole kāya, I will breathe in’; he trains himself: ‘feeling the whole
kāya, I will breathe out’; he trains himself: ‘calming down the
kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe in’; he trains himself: ‘calming down the
kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe out’.

Just as, bhikkhus, a
skillful turner or a turner’s apprentice, making a long turn,
understands: ‘I am making a long turn’; making a short turn, he
understands: ‘I am making a short turn’; in the same way, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, breathing in long, understands: ‘I am breathing in long’;
breathing out long he understands: ‘I am breathing out long’; breathing
in short he understands: ‘I am breathing in short’; breathing out short
he understands: ‘I am breathing out short’; he trains himself: ‘feeling
the whole kāya, I will breathe in’; he trains himself: ‘feeling the
whole kāya, I will breathe out’; he trains himself: ‘calming down the
kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe in’; he trains himself: ‘calming down the
kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe out’.

Thus he dwells observing
kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally,
or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he
dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells
observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing
the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else,
[realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent
of mere ÃąÄáš‡a and mere paáš­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling
to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
kāya in kāya.


Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta — Attendance on awareness — In

06) Classical Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- ā¤ļā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤āĨā¤°āĨ€ā¤¯ ā¤šā¤ŋ⤂ā¤ĻāĨ€,



ā¤Ē⤰ā¤ŋ⤚⤝

⤇⤏ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤•ā¤žā¤° ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚⤍āĨ‡ ⤏āĨā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ:
ā¤ā¤• ⤅ā¤ĩ⤏⤰ ā¤Ē⤰, ⤭⤗ā¤ĩ⤤āĨ€ ⤕āĨŒā¤°ā¤ĩāĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤕āĨ‡ ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤œā¤žā¤° ⤕⤏āĨā¤ŦāĨ‡ ā¤•ā¤ŽāĨā¤Žā¤¸ā¤§ā¤ŽāĨā¤Žā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ⤕āĨŒā¤°ā¤ĩāĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤕āĨ‡ ā¤ŦāĨ€ā¤š ā¤°ā¤š ā¤°ā¤šāĨ€ ā¤ĨāĨ€āĨ¤ ā¤ĩā¤šā¤žā¤, ⤉⤍āĨā¤šāĨ‹ā¤‚⤍āĨ‡ ⤭ā¤ŋ⤖āĨā¤“⤂ ⤕āĨ‹ ⤏⤂ā¤ŦāĨ‹ā¤§ā¤ŋ⤤ ⤕ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž:
- ⤭āĨ€ā¤–⤏āĨ.- ⤭ā¤Ļ⤂⤤āĨ‡ ⤍āĨ‡ ⤭āĨ€ā¤–āĨā¤“⤂ ā¤•ā¤ž ⤜ā¤ĩā¤žā¤Ŧ ā¤Ļā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤žāĨ¤ ⤭⤗ā¤ĩā¤žā¤¨ ⤍āĨ‡ ā¤•ā¤šā¤ž:
-
ā¤¯ā¤š, ⤭ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤–āĨ, ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤Žā¤žā¤°āĨā¤— ā¤šāĨˆ ⤜ā¤ŋ⤏⤕āĨ‡ ā¤•ā¤žā¤°ā¤Ŗ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤Ŗā¤ŋ⤝āĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤕āĨ€ ā¤ļāĨā¤ĻāĨā¤§ā¤ŋ, ā¤ĻāĨā¤ƒā¤–āĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤔⤰
ā¤ĩā¤ŋā¤˛ā¤žā¤ĒāĨ‹ā¤‚ ā¤Ē⤰ ā¤•ā¤žā¤ŦāĨ‚ ā¤Ēā¤žā¤¨āĨ‡, ā¤ĻāĨā¤•āĨā¤–-⤅⤧ā¤ŋā¤Žā¤žā¤¨ā¤¸ ā¤•ā¤ž ⤞āĨ‹ā¤Ē ā¤šāĨ‹ ā¤œā¤žā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ, ā¤¸ā¤šāĨ€ ā¤Žā¤žā¤°āĨā¤— ⤕āĨ€
ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤ĒāĨā¤¤ā¤ŋ, ⤍ā¤ŋā¤Ŧā¤žā¤Ŗ ⤕āĨ€ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤ĒāĨā¤¤ā¤ŋ, ⤅⤰āĨā¤Ĩā¤žā¤¤āĨ ā¤šā¤žā¤°āĨ‹ā¤‚ ā¤•ā¤ž ā¤Ŧā¤–ā¤žā¤¨ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¨ā¤ž satipaáš­áš­hānasāĨ¤

⤕āĨŒā¤¨
⤏āĨ‡ ā¤šā¤žā¤°? ā¤¯ā¤šā¤žā¤, ⤭ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤–āĨ, ā¤ā¤• ⤭ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤–āĨ ⤞āĨ‹ā¤— ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž, ātāpÄĢ ā¤¸ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ē⤤⤜⤍āĨ‹, ⤏⤤āĨ€ā¤Žā¤ž, ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚
⤅⤭ā¤ŋā¤œā¤žā¤¤-⤅⤧ā¤ŋā¤Žā¤žā¤¨ā¤¸ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤¸ā¤‚ā¤¸ā¤žā¤° ⤕āĨ€ ⤓⤰ ā¤ĻāĨ‡ā¤–⤤āĨ‡ ā¤šāĨā¤ ā¤°ā¤šā¤¤āĨ‡ ā¤šāĨˆā¤‚āĨ¤ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤ĩāĨ‡ā¤Ļā¤žā¤¨ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤ĩāĨ‡ā¤Ļā¤¨ā¤ž,
⤏⤤āĨā¤Ēā¤Ļ ā¤¸ā¤¨ā¤žā¤œāĨā¤¨āĨ‹, ⤏⤤āĨ€ā¤Žā¤ž ā¤•ā¤ž ā¤Ēā¤žā¤˛ā¤¨ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ, ⤜ā¤ŋ⤏⤍āĨ‡ ā¤ĻāĨā¤¨ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž ⤕āĨ‡ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ŋ
⤅⤭ā¤ŋā¤œā¤žā¤¤-⤅⤧ā¤ŋā¤Žā¤žā¤¨ ⤕āĨ‹ ⤤āĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤— ā¤Ļā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆāĨ¤ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤ĻāĨā¤¨ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ⤅⤭ā¤ŋā¤œā¤žā¤¤āĨā¤¯-⤅⤧ā¤ŋā¤¨ā¤žā¤¯ā¤•ā¤¤āĨā¤ĩ ⤕āĨ‹
⤛āĨ‹ā¤Ąā¤ŧ⤤āĨ‡ ā¤šāĨā¤, ⤏ā¤ŋā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž, ⤏⤤ā¤Ēā¤Ļ, ⤏⤤āĨā¤¯ā¤Ž, ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ⤏āĨ€ā¤¤ā¤ž ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ĻāĨ‡ā¤–ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆāĨ¤ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤§ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ž ¡ s, ⤧⤰āĨā¤Žā¤ž
⤏⤂ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤œā¤¨āĨ‹, ⤏⤤āĨ€ā¤Žā¤ž, ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤ĻāĨā¤¨ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž ⤕āĨ‡ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ŋ ⤅⤭ā¤ŋā¤œā¤žā¤¤-⤅⤧ā¤ŋā¤Žā¤žā¤¨ ⤕āĨ‹ ⤤āĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤—⤤āĨ‡ ā¤šāĨā¤ ā¤§ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ž
ā¤•ā¤ž ā¤Ēā¤žā¤˛ā¤¨ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆāĨ¤

ā¤†ā¤ˆāĨ¤ ⤕āĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤¨āĨā¤Ēā¤žā¤¸ā¤¨ā¤ž

ā¤ āāāpāna ā¤Ē⤰ ā¤§ā¤žā¤°ā¤ž

⤔⤰
⤕āĨˆā¤¸āĨ‡, ⤭ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤–āĨ, ⤕āĨā¤¯ā¤ž ⤭ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇāĨ ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤Ļ⤰āĨā¤ļ⤍ ⤕⤰⤤āĨ‡ ā¤šāĨˆā¤‚? ā¤¯ā¤šā¤žā¤, ⤭ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤–āĨ, ā¤ā¤•
⤭ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇāĨ, ā¤œā¤‚ā¤—ā¤˛ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤šā¤˛ā¤ž ā¤—ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ā¤• ā¤ĒāĨ‡ā¤Ąā¤ŧ ⤕āĨ€ ā¤œā¤Ąā¤ŧ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤šā¤˛ā¤ž ā¤—ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ā¤• ā¤–ā¤žā¤˛āĨ€
ā¤•ā¤Žā¤°āĨ‡ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤œā¤ž ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ, ā¤ĒāĨˆā¤°āĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ŽāĨ‹ā¤Ąā¤ŧ⤕⤰ ⤍āĨ€ā¤šāĨ‡ ā¤ŦāĨˆā¤ ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ, ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ⤕āĨ‹ ⤏āĨ€ā¤§ā¤ž ā¤–ā¤Ąā¤ŧā¤ž
ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ, ⤔⤰ ⤏⤤āĨ€ ⤕āĨ€ ā¤Ē⤰ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤°ā¤Žā¤ž ā¤˛ā¤—ā¤žā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆāĨ¤ ⤇⤏ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤•ā¤žā¤° ⤏āĨ‡ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤¤āĨ‹ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ,
⤇⤏ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤•ā¤žā¤° ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤žā¤¤āĨ‹ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆāĨ¤ ⤞⤂ā¤ŦāĨ‡ ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤¯ ⤤⤕ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚
⤞⤂ā¤ŦāĨ€ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ‚⤁’; ⤞⤂ā¤ŦāĨ€ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ⤞⤂ā¤ŦāĨ€ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡
ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ‚⤂’; ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ā¤¨āĨ‡ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ⤛āĨ‹ā¤ŸāĨ€ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ‚⤂’; ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸
⤞āĨ‡ā¤¨āĨ‡ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ⤤⤕⤞āĨ€ā¤Ģ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ⤛āĨ‹ā¤ŸāĨ€ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ‚⤂’; ā¤ĩā¤š ⤖āĨā¤Ļ ⤕āĨ‹
ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤ļā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ĒāĨ‚⤰āĨ‡ ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤Žā¤šā¤¸āĨ‚⤏ ⤕⤰, ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‚ā¤‚ā¤—ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š ⤖āĨā¤Ļ ⤕āĨ‹
ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤ļā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ĒāĨ‚⤰āĨ‡ ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤Žā¤šā¤¸āĨ‚⤏ ⤕⤰, ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‚ā¤‚ā¤—ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š ⤖āĨā¤Ļ ⤕āĨ‹
ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤ļā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž-⤏āĨā¤–āĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ļā¤žā¤‚ā¤¤ ⤕⤰⤤āĨ‡ ā¤šāĨā¤, ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‚ā¤‚ā¤—ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š
⤖āĨā¤Ļ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤ļā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž-ā¤¸ā¤žā¤•āĨā¤ˇā¤°āĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ļā¤žā¤‚ā¤¤ ⤕⤰, ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‚ā¤‚ā¤—ā¤ž’āĨ¤

⤜āĨˆā¤¸āĨ‡,
⤭āĨ€ā¤–āĨā¤ļ, ā¤ā¤• ⤕āĨā¤ļ⤞ ⤟⤰āĨā¤¨ā¤° ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ā¤• ⤟⤰āĨā¤¨ā¤° ⤕āĨ€ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤ļā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇāĨ, ā¤ā¤• ⤞⤂ā¤ŦāĨ€ ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤°āĨ€, ā¤¯ā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž
ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ā¤ā¤• ⤞⤂ā¤Ŧā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‹ā¤Ąā¤ŧ ā¤Ŧā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ‚⤂’; ā¤ā¤• ⤛āĨ‹ā¤Ÿā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‹ā¤Ąā¤ŧ ā¤Ŧā¤¨ā¤žā¤¨āĨ‡ ⤕āĨ‡ ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤Ļ, ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž
ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ā¤ā¤• ⤛āĨ‹ā¤Ÿā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‹ā¤Ąā¤ŧ ā¤Ŧā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ‚⤁’; ⤇⤏āĨ€ ā¤¤ā¤°ā¤š, ⤭ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤–āĨ, ā¤ā¤• ⤭ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇāĨ, ⤞⤂ā¤ŦāĨ€
ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ, ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ⤞⤂ā¤ŦāĨ€ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ‚⤂’ ⤞⤂ā¤ŦāĨ€ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ā¤¨ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š
ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ⤞⤂ā¤ŦāĨ€ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ‚⤂’; ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ā¤¨āĨ‡ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚
⤛āĨ‹ā¤ŸāĨ€ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ‚⤂’; ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ā¤¨āĨ‡ ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ⤤⤕⤞āĨ€ā¤Ģ ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ⤛āĨ‹ā¤ŸāĨ€ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸
⤞āĨ‡ ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨ‚⤂’; ā¤ĩā¤š ⤖āĨā¤Ļ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤ļā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ĒāĨ‚⤰āĨ‡ ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤Žā¤šā¤¸āĨ‚⤏ ⤕⤰, ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚
ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‚ā¤‚ā¤—ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š ⤖āĨā¤Ļ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤ļā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤ĒāĨ‚⤰āĨ‡ ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤Žā¤šā¤¸āĨ‚⤏ ⤕⤰, ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚
ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‚ā¤‚ā¤—ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š ⤖āĨā¤Ļ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤ļā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž-⤏āĨā¤–āĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ļā¤žā¤‚ā¤¤ ⤕⤰⤤āĨ‡ ā¤šāĨā¤,
ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‚ā¤‚ā¤—ā¤ž’; ā¤ĩā¤š ⤖āĨā¤Ļ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤ļā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇā¤ŋ⤤ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ: ‘ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž-ā¤¸ā¤žā¤•āĨā¤ˇā¤°āĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤ļā¤žā¤‚ā¤¤
⤕⤰, ā¤ŽāĨˆā¤‚ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤‚ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‚ā¤‚ā¤—ā¤ž’āĨ¤

⤇⤏ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤•ā¤žā¤° ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ⤆⤂⤤⤰ā¤ŋ⤕ ⤰āĨ‚ā¤Ē ⤏āĨ‡ ā¤ĻāĨ‡ā¤– ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž
ā¤šāĨˆ, ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤šāĨā¤¯ ⤰āĨ‚ā¤Ē ⤏āĨ‡ ā¤ĻāĨ‡ā¤– ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ, ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ⤆⤂⤤⤰ā¤ŋ⤕ ⤔⤰
ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤šāĨā¤¯ ⤰āĨ‚ā¤Ē ⤏āĨ‡ ā¤ĻāĨ‡ā¤– ā¤°ā¤šā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ; ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ⤅⤍āĨā¤­āĨ‚⤤ā¤ŋ⤝āĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤕āĨ‡ ā¤¸ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ļ⤝ ā¤•ā¤ž ⤅ā¤ĩ⤞āĨ‹ā¤•⤍ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž
ā¤šāĨˆ, ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤˜ā¤Ÿā¤¨ā¤ž ⤕āĨ‡ ⤍ā¤ŋ⤧⤍ ā¤•ā¤ž ⤍ā¤ŋ⤰āĨ€ā¤•āĨā¤ˇā¤Ŗ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ, ā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ĩā¤š ā¤¸ā¤žā¤ŽāĨā¤¯ ā¤•ā¤ž
⤅ā¤ĩ⤞āĨ‹ā¤•⤍ ā¤•ā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ ⤔⤰ ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ⤅⤍āĨā¤­āĨ‚⤤ā¤ŋ⤝āĨ‹ā¤‚ ⤏āĨ‡ ⤗āĨā¤œā¤°ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ; ā¤ĩā¤°ā¤¨ā¤ž, [ā¤¸ā¤žā¤•ā¤žā¤°:] “ā¤¯ā¤š
⤕āĨā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ!” ⤏⤤āĨ€ ⤉⤏⤕āĨ‡ ā¤Ēā¤žā¤¸ ā¤ŽāĨŒā¤œāĨ‚ā¤Ļ ā¤šāĨˆ, ⤕āĨ‡ā¤ĩ⤞ ÃąÄ anda ⤔⤰ ā¤Žā¤žā¤¤āĨā¤° pa himissati ⤕āĨ€
⤏āĨ€ā¤Žā¤ž ⤤⤕, ā¤ĩā¤š ⤅⤞⤗ ā¤°ā¤šā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆ, ⤔⤰ ā¤ĻāĨā¤¨ā¤ŋā¤¯ā¤ž ⤕āĨ€ ⤕ā¤ŋ⤏āĨ€ ⤭āĨ€ ⤚āĨ€ā¤œā¤ŧ ⤏āĨ‡ ā¤¨ā¤šāĨ€ā¤‚ ⤚ā¤ŋā¤Ēā¤•ā¤¤ā¤ž ā¤šāĨˆāĨ¤ ⤇⤏
ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤•ā¤žā¤°, ⤭ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤–āĨ, ā¤ā¤• ⤭ā¤ŋ⤕āĨā¤ˇāĨ ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤‚ ā¤•ā¤žā¤¯ā¤ž ā¤•ā¤ž ⤍ā¤ŋ⤰āĨ€ā¤•āĨā¤ˇā¤Ŗ ⤕⤰⤤āĨ‡ ā¤šāĨˆā¤‚āĨ¤

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LESSON 3285 Tue 25 Feb 2020 Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING from KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT! Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice. VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS) Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist) All Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch) Trump Card - Discuss Paper Ballots first. CAA, NRC issues next with Murderer of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to win elections.
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LESSON  3285 Tue 25 Feb 2020

Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING

from

KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL


VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS)

Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)



All Aboriginal  Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch)





THANKFUL FOR sweet TEACHERS LIKE YOU

Teacher of all teachers quotes in the awakened one with awareness own wordsDune Sleeper GIF - Dune Sleeper Awakened GIFs

Pranay  you are  Awake

Im Awake No Sleep GIF - ImAwake Awake NoSleep GIFs
When
the Awakened One with Awareness  started to wander around  shortly
after his awakenment, he encountered several men who recognized him to
be a
very extraordinary being. They asked him: “Are you a god?” “No,” he
replied. “Are you a reincarnation of god?” No,” he replied.”Are you a wizard, then?” “No.” Well,
are you a man?” “No.” “So what are you?” They asked, being very
perplexed.  Awakened One with Awareness simply replied: “I am awake means “the
awakened one with Awareness” How to awaken is all he taught.

To awaken is to learn the art of living; to master the mind and bring it
back to the reality of the present moment; to unite mind, body and
reality. To awaken is to bring the reality of the present moment to
life; to be mindful and aware of the present moment.

You may wonder, “Who needs to learn to be awake?  Surely, every
morning you awaken from the previous night’s slumber!”  Yes, but are you
really awake? Try this basic meditation exercise: sit in a relaxed
position, close your eyes and observe your own breath. Try to be fully
aware of every breath as it flows in and out of your nostrils for just
fifteen minutes; don’t let a single breath pass by unnoticed. What is
the result? You, like most people, will find that for most of those fifteen
minutes you wasn’t at all awake—rather, you were daydreaming. After observing
a mere handful of breaths, the mind begins to wander. you would bring the
mind back to your breath momentarily only to have it wander off again,
and again and again.

Our physical body is with us but the mind
has gone on holiday. This is an experience that is not unique to
meditation practice but one that constantly occurs in our everyday
lives. You often find yourself reading a book only to discover that you are not
really reading but instead thinking about how interesting it would be
to, say, write a dissertation on this book. Listening to an album but
not really listening, watching a film but not really watching itâ€Ļawake
but not really awake and alive but not really alive. Your mind abandons you
and wanders away, straying into the realm of the past, the future and
fantasy; in this state we are not really awake and we are not truly
living.

To awaken is to learn the art of living; to master the mind and bring
it back to the reality of the present moment; to unite mind, body and
reality. To awaken is to bring the reality of the present moment to
life; to be mindful and aware of the present moment, to truly live the
present moment.

If you want to master your mind and think you’re
up to a grueling task, take twelve days out of your life and attend a
Vipassana meditation course. (It’s free!) But you work very hard:
meditating daily from 4 a.m. till 9 p.m., maintaining a strict code of
discipline and upholding the vow of Noble Silence (abstaining from all
forms of communication with your fellow meditators and with the outside
world).  Daunting as it may seem, the reward is exceedingly
blissful—waking life

Awakened One with Awareness was asked,
“What have you gained from meditation”?
He replied, “Nothing!”
“However, Awakened One with Awareness said,
Let me tell you what I lost:
Anger,
Anxiety, Depression,
Insecurity,
Fear of Old Age and death.”
PANACEA

The Awakened One with Awareness

All that we are is the result of what we have thought. The mind is everything. What we think we become.
We Are All One All For One GIF - WeAreAllOne AllForOne WeAreAllConnected GIFs

All wrong-doing arise because of mind. If mind is transformed can wrong-doing remain?
Doing It Wrong GIF - Cats Water Drinking GIFs
Thousands of candles can be lit from a single candle – the
life of the candle will not be shortened. Happiness never decreases by
being shared.
Jack Frost Happiness Of Being Me GIF - JackFrost HappinessOfBeingMe GIFs
Do not dwell in the past; do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment.
Concentrate.... - The Incredibles GIF - Concentrate Violet TheIncredibles GIFs
However many holy words you read, however many you speak, what good will they do you if you do not act upon them?

Death is not to be feared by one who has lived wisely.
Hasanabi Hasan Piker GIF - Hasanabi HasanPiker Hasbean GIFs
Peace comes from within. Do not seek it without.
Fish Throw GIF - Fish Throw Comes GIFs
In the sky, there is no distinction of east and west; people
create distinctions out of their own minds and then believe them to be
true.
Sky The Sky Is Full Of Dreams GIF - Sky TheSkyIsFullOfDreams WhenYouSeeIt GIFs

If we could see the miracle of a single flower clearly, our whole life would change.

Butters The Flower GIF - Par GIFs

The only real failure in life is not to be true to the best one knows.


https://media.tenor.com/images/b7eed796e0561d00033ac407cda8c717/tenor.gif



First, rely on the spirit and meaning of teachings,
not on the words; Second, rely on the teachings not on the personality
of the teacher; Third, rely on real wisdom, not on superficial
interpretation; And fourth, rely on the essence of your pure wisdom
mind, not on judgemental perceptions.
Bruce Lee Empty Your Mind GIF - BruceLee EmptyYourMind Advice GIFs
https://www.prodigygame.com/blog/teacher-quotes/

 Inspiring Teacher Quotes to Motivate Educators

All
teachers cherish the feeling: The thrill of inspiration that comes from
inspiring others.

But whether it be writing report cards or managing the classroom, daily
stresses can make it hard to keep that inspiration alive.

We’ve dug through dozens of books, teacher magazines, Pinterest boards,
and other blogs to find  our favorite motivational quotes for teachers.


Re-energize your day or week with these inspiring quotes from some of the world’s greatest educators and thinkers!

Quotes on the characteristics of great teaching


The mediocre teacher tells.
The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great
teacher inspires.

― William Arthur Ward



Good teaching must be slow enough so that it is not confusing, and fast enough so that it is not boring.

― Sidney J. Harris


In an effective classroom, students should not only know what they are doing, they should also know why and how.

― Harry Wong



Good teaching is one-fourth preparation and three-fourths theater.

― Gail Godwin


The important thing is not so much that every child should be taught as that every child should be given the wish to learn.

― John Lubbock


The need for imagination,
as a sense of truth, and as a feeling of responsibility — these are the
three forces which are the very nerve of education.

― Rudolf Steiner


Teaching should be such that what is offered is perceived as a valuable gift and not as a hard duty.

― Albert Einstein


Teaching is an instinctual art, mindful of potential, craving of realizations, a pausing, seamless process.

― A. Bartlett Giamatti


The teacher’s task is to initiate the learning process and then get out of the way.

― John Warren

Quotes about teaching’s lasting impact
quotes-on-teaching

A teacher affects eternity; he [or she] can never tell where his influence stops.

― Henry B. Adams

In teaching you cannot see the fruit of a day’s work. It is invisible and remains so, maybe for twenty years.

― Jacques Barzun

The greatest use of a life is to spend it for something that will outlast it.

― William James

Thirty-one chances. Thirty-one futures,
our futures. It’s an almost psychotic feeling, believing that part of
their lives belongs to me. Everything they become, I also become. And
everything about me, they helped to create.

― Esme Raji Codell

Teachers are people who start things they never see finished, and for which they never get thanks until it is too late.

― Max Forman

Teachers, who educate children, deserve
more honor than parents, who merely gave them birth; for the latter
provided mere life, while the former ensured a good life.

― Aristotle

What greater joy can a teacher feel than to witness a child’s success?

― Michelle L. Graham

Quotes about teaching students to think critically

quotes-about-teaching-children

The best education is not given to students; it is drawn out of them.



― Gerald Belcher



It is the supreme art of the teacher to awaken joy in creative expression and knowledge.



― Albert Einstein



Good teaching is more a giving of right questions than a giving of right answers.



― Josef Albers



The test of a good teacher is not how
many questions he can ask his pupils that they will answer readily, but
how many questions he inspires them to ask which he finds it hard to
answer.



― Alice Wellington Rollins



It must be remembered that the purpose of
education is not to fill the minds of students with factsâ€Ļit is to
teach them to think, if that is possible, and always to think for
themselves.



― Robert Hutchins


2018-03-14---Teacher-with-students-and-balloon





Quotes about the difficulty of teaching


motivational-quotes-for-teaching



Effective teaching may be the hardest job there is.



― William Glasser



A pro is someone who can do great work when he doesn’t feel like it.



― Alastair Cook



Educationâ€Ļis a painful, continual, and
difficult work to be done in kindness, by watching, by warningâ€Ļby
praise, but above all, by example.



― John Ruskin



Teaching is not a lost art, but the regard for it is a lost tradition.



― Jacques Barzun



Teaching is the only major occupationâ€Ļfor
which we have not developed tools that make an average person capable
of competence and performance. In teaching we rely on the naturals, the
ones who somehow know how to teach.



― Peter Drucker



Teachers are expected to reach
unattainable goals with inadequate tools. The miracle is that at times
they accomplish this impossible task.



― Haim Ginott



We can, whenever and wherever we choose,
successfully teach all children whose schooling is of interest to us. We
already know more than we need to know in order to do that. Whether or
not we do it must finally depend on how we feel about the fact we
haven’t so far.



― Ron Edmonds





What is teaching? : Quotes about teaching as an artform



inspirational-quotes-about-teaching



The most important part of teaching is to teach what it is to know.



― Simone Weil



Teaching is the greatest act of optimism.



― Colleen Wilcox



The art of teaching is the art of assisting discovery.



― Mark Van Doren



Teaching is the perpetual end and office
of all things. Teaching, instruction is the main design that shines
through the sky and earth.



― Ralph Waldo Emerson



Teaching is truth mediated by personality.



― Phyllis Brooks



The whole art of teaching is only the art
of awakening the natural curiosity of young minds for the purpose of
satisfying it afterwards; curiosity itself can be vivid and wholesome
only in proportion as the mind is contented and happy.



― Anatole France



Benevolence alone will not make a
teacher, nor will learning alone do it. The gift of teaching is a
peculiar talent, and implies a need and a craving in the teacher
himself.



― John Jay Chapman



One of the beauties of teaching is that
there is no limit to one’s growth as a teacher, just as there is no
knowing beforehand how much your students can learn.



― Herbert Kohl



I have come to believe that a great
teacher is a great artist and that there are as few as there are any
other great artists. Teaching might even the greatest of the arts since
the medium is the human mind and spirit.



― John Steinbeck



I entered the classroom with the
conviction that it was crucial for me and every other student to be an
active participant, not a passive consumerâ€Ļeducation that connects the
will to know with the will to become.



― Bell Hooks





Quotes about teaching and purpose


inspirational-teaching-quotes



Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.



― Malcolm Forbes



Among the many purposes of schooling,
four stand out to us as having special moral value: to love and care, to
serve, to empower and, of course, to learn.



― Andy Hargreaves and Michael Fullan



The most important function of education
at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the
significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic
architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the
structure.



― Grayson Kirk



No one has yet fully realized the wealth
of sympathy, kindness, and generosity hidden in the soul of a child. The
effort of every true education should be to unlock that treasure.



― Emma Goldman



The object of teaching a child is to enable him [or her] to get along without his [or her] teacher.



― Elbert Hubbard



Any genuine teaching will result, if
successful, in someone’s knowing how to bring about a better condition
of things than existed earlier.



― John Dewey



The ability to think straight, some
knowledge of the past, some vision of the future, some skill to do
useful service, some urge to fit that service into the well-being of the
community — these are the most vital things education must try to
produce.



― Virginia Gildersleeve



Education is much more than a matter of
imparting the knowledge and skills by which narrow goals are achieved.
It is also about opening the child’s eyes to the needs and rights of
others.



― Dalai Lama



One looks back with appreciation to the
brilliant teachers, but with gratitude to those who touched our human
feelings. The curriculum is so much necessary raw material, but warmth
is a vital element for the growing plant and for the soul of the child.



― Carl Jung





Quotes about teaching and the future



report-card-comments-behavior



The future of the world is in my
classroom today, a future with the potential for good or badâ€Ļ Several
future presidents are learning from me today; so are the great writers
of the next decades, and so are all the so-called ordinary people who
will make the decisions in a democracy.



―Ivan Welton Fitzwater



No matter what accomplishments you achieve, somebody helped you.



― Althea Gibson



Thirty-one chances. Thirty-one futures,
our futures. It’s an almost psychotic feeling, believing that part of
their lives belongs to me. Everything they become, I also become. And
everything about me, they helped to create.



― Esme Raji Codell



When the untapped potential of a student meets the liberating art of a teacher, a miracle unfolds.



― Mary Hatwood Futrell



[Kids] don’t remember what you try to teach them. They remember what you are.



― Jim Henson





Quotes about teaching’s importance


math-report-card-comments



Teaching is the essential profession, the one that makes all professions possible.



― David Haselkorn



The work of a teacher — exhausting,
complex, idiosyncratic, never twice the same — is at its heart an
ethical enterprise. Teaching is the vocation of vocations.



― William Ayres



What office is there which involves more
responsibility, which requires more qualifications, and which ought,
therefore, to be more honorable, than that of teaching?



― Harriet Martineau



Teachers, I believe, are the most
responsible and important members of society because their professional
efforts affect the fate of the earth.



― Helen Caldicott



What greater or better gift can we offer the republic than to teach and instruct our youth?



― Cicero



If kids come to educators and teachers
from strong, healthy, functioning families, it makes our job easier. If
they do not come to us from strong, healthy, functioning families, it
makes our job more important.



― Barbara Colorose



To me the sole hope of human salvation lies in teaching.



― George Bernard Shaw



At the desk where I sit, I have learned
one great truth. The answer for all our national problems — the answer
for all the problems of the world — comes to a single word. That word is
education.



― Lyndon B. Johnson



How to Use These Teacher Quotes


These 60 teacher quotes encompass a vast range of opinions,
experiences and perspectives. It may be overwhelming to consider them
all at once. It’s also easy to read a quote and become inspired, only to
promptly forget about it.


end-of-year-report-card-comments


A method of internalizing these quotes — and the important ideas they
express — is to pick one that you find particularly inspirational, and
to live by it for one week. Make a goal to try to apply it in the
classroom during the school day.


Consider the following steps to make this more effective:


  • Write the quote down in your weekly planner, so you can see it whenever you look at your schedule.
  • Put a Post-it note of the quote on your mirror or desk — a great strategy for starting and ending the day with a reminder.
  • Take some extra time to choose quotes that resonate with you and are
    broad enough — yet useful enough — to apply in various situations.


Final thoughts


Teaching is a continually challenging profession, and the energy to
tackle each day in the classroom is often in short supply. Occasionally,
all you need is a little motivation to remind yourself why you teach.


Teacher burnout is a real problem. You shouldn’t necessarily just go
looking for “motivation” when you need help with a lesson plan, a better
way to grade papers, or a more differentiated approach to teaching.


But sometimes a short, powerful quote can serve as a well-placed
reminder that your efforts are meaningful and important. After all, even
the best teacher needs a little extra push from time to time.




>>Create or log in to your teacher account on Prodigy â€“ a free,
game-based learning platform for math that’s easy to use for educators
and students alike. Aligned with curricula across the English-speaking
world, it’s loved by more than 1.5 million teachers and 50 million students.



Trump
Card - Discuss Paper Ballots first. CAA, NRC issues next with Murderer
of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions (Modi)
who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to win
elections.




in Classical English,Roman



To,
Respect Donald Trump
President of America, a first-world country, still using paper ballots for the US elections.

Sub:
Trump Card - Discuss Paper Ballots first. CAA, NRC issues next with
Murderer of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions
(Modi) who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to
win elections for remotely controlling just 0.1% intolerant, violent,
number one terrorists of the word, ever shooting, mob lynching, lunatic,
mentally retarded, foreigners chirpavan brahmins of Rowdy/Rakshasa
Swayam Sevaks (RSS) from Bene israel, Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern
Europe, Western Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc,
etc. hypocrites who murdered Gandhi and now pose as though they are
followers of the same Gandhi.

May you be ever happy, well and secure!May you live long !
May you be calm, quiet, alert, attentive and have equanimity mind with a clear understanding that everything is changing !!

This
is the VOICE of 99.9% All Aboriginal Awakened Societies including
SC/STs/OBCs/Religious Minorities and even the non-chitpavan brahmins
that your good self must discuss to use paper ballots in elections first
and the CAA, NRC issues next to save democracy, Liberty, Equality and
Fraternity as enshrined in our marvellous Modern Constitution for the
welfare, happiness and peace for all societies.

Ms
Mayawati supremo of BSP and four times CM of UP alone can challenge and
defeat the casteist, communal and pro-capitalist BJP (Bevakoof Jhoothe
Psychopaths) to liberate the country from the clutches of fascist rule.

Scheduled
Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Religious
Minorities, are able to secure our rights guaranteed under the
Constitution of India due to the incessant struggle and matchless
sacrifice of Babasaheb Dr. Bheemrao Ambedkar. But the caste-prejudiced
governments did not implement these rights to the benefit of our people.
As the result, despite the provisions of Constitution, our
socio-economic condition remained worst as before. Hence, Babasaheb
advocated us to form the government on our own by getting united under
one political platform and one leadership. In this direction, he
contemplated to launch the Republican Party of India during his
life-time. But he, perhaps, did not know that he would die so early even
before he could bring his plans into action. He could not complete the
task which was later on completed by Manyawar Kanshi Ram Saheb.

Tampering
of EVMs by BJP : EVMs/VVPATs has helped the BJP to defeat BSP in Uttar
Pradesh. They found that BSP is strong in UP and thinking that if they
could finish BSP in UP, BSP will die a natural death. That is how they
focused their entire strength to defeat BSP in UP. However, they could
not win through fair means. They had to resort to fraudulent way of
tampering the electronic voting machines (EVMs) to defeat BSP.
Mayawati’s best governance of UP as CM made her eligible to become the
PM of the country. This was not liked by the chitpavan brahmins as their
plan to bring hindutva cult in the country will be defeated. so they
tampered the fraud EVMs/VVPATs to defeat BSP which was in favour of the
Marvellous Modern Constitution which is for the welfare, happiness and
peace for all aboriginal societies.

BJP and company had used the EVMs in 2014 itself to win the General Election.

BSP thought that it was the mandate against the scams-ridden and scandals-tainted rule of Congress.
1. Why is America, a first-world country, still using paper ballots for the US Elections?
Americans still cast their votes for elections via paper ballots, and not by electronic voting.
HIGHLIGHTS

Reports have it that Americans feel safer in using paper ballots.
Printed ballots started in the US long after Revolutionary War.
Only form of e-voting in the US is via email or fax.

In
fact, if a free-spirited, chicken-loving American citizen wants to vote
for a KFC wing, they could do that too. Because even after over 15
years of debating over taking up electronic voting, America still uses
the paper ballot system to elect their representatives.
WHY IS THE PAPER BALLOT SYSTEM STILL PREVALENT IN THE US?
Security.
Reports
have it that Americans feel safer in using paper ballots as compared to
electronic voting machines, like the Murderer of democratic
institutions and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) who gobbled the
Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to win elections for the
BJP (Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths) remotely controlled by just 0.1%
intolerant, violent, number one terrorists of the word, ever shooting,
mob lynching, lunatic, mentally retarded, foreigners from Bene israel,
Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Germany, Northern
Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc, etc. do.
A
TIME report quotes the US Election Assistance Commission Chairman Tom
Hicks saying that the “primary reasons” paper ballots are used in most
states are “security and voter preference”.
The
report also says e-voting is not highly preferred because of the cost
it comes with: the need for new voting machines, upgrades, are “greatly
restricted by budget”.
Another
argument is that politicians would not got for e-voting over the
dearly-known paper ballot ritual, which has been “accurately modeled
from decades of polling and analysis”.
But
here’s the deal: considering that Americans use electronic gadgets for
banking, educational purposes and even security, this logic may not
stand tall for long. Though it has been around for quite some time now.

HOW LONG HAS THE PAPER BALLOT BEEN AROUND IN THE US?

Printed
ballots came into fashion in the US long after the American
Revolutionary War, before which people cast their votes by calling out
their preferences in public. Most states had moved to secret ballots
after 1884’s presidential election of. By 1892, voting in private became
prevalent.
Printed
ballots did not come into some seven states of America until the 20th
century. Over the years, voting rights evolved in the US but so was not
quite the case with the technology involved in voting. Hence, through
the 1900s, forms of the paper ballot remained in fashion.
Presently,
though secret ballot is most prevalent across the US, some states use
mail ballots. In this case, the ballot is sent to the voter’s home, they
mark their choice and mail it via post. Oregon and Washington conduct
all elections by mailed ballots.

E-VOTING IN THE US
The
only form of e-voting in the US is via email or fax. Technically, the
voter is sent a ballot form, they fill it in, return it by email, or fax
a digital photo of the ballot with their choice marked.

CAN A VOTER VOTE FOR A NON-CANDIDATE IN THE PAPER BALLOTS?
Say
a voter writes Sheldon Cooper or Kim Kardashian’s name on the ballot
paper, and mark them for their presidential choice. They can do that.
Known
as a “write in” candidate, such unofficial candidates garner a lot of
vote in American elections. A BBC report says that Mickey Mouse is an
all-time favourite in the country.
However,
the odds of a write-in candidate becoming the US president are almost
the same as the winning candidate “rowing across the Atlantic in a
one-person rowboat and calling upon the Queen”, says constitutional law
expert Professor Rogers Smith.
In short, it is nearly almost out of the question.

SO WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF THE US GIVING UP ON PAPER BALLOTS?
Based
on what political scientists and various studies and op-eds have to
say, it is slim-to-none. A Scientific American report voices their fear
of e-voting quite clearly: “No one has yet figured out a straightforward
method of ensuring that one of the most revered democratic institutions
- in this case, electing a US President - can be double-checked for
fraud, particularly when paperless e-voting systems are used.”

https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/02/22/trump-to-discuss-caa-nrc-issues-with-modi-during-india-visit-senior-us-administration-official/

Trump to discuss CAA, NRC issues with Modi during India visit: Senior US administration official

United
States President Donald Trump will discuss the issues concerning the
Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the proposed National Registrar of
Citizens (NRC) with Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his upcoming
visit to India, a senior US Administration official said on Friday.

Speaking
to reporters here, the official said that the US has great respect for
Indian Democratic traditions and institutions and “will continue to
encourage India to uphold” them.

“President
Trump will talk about our shared tradition of democracy and religious
freedom, both, in his public remarks and certainly in private. He will
raise these issues, particularly the religious freedom issue that’s very
important for this (Trump) administration. We have our shared
commitment of upholding our universal values, the rule of law,” the
senior official told the reporters here.

“We
have great respect for Indian Democratic traditions and institutions
and we will continue to encourage India to uphold those traditions. We
are concerned about the issues that you (the reporter) have raised,” the
official said, referring to the reporter’s questions on whether the CAA
and NRC issues would be raised.

“The
president will talk about these issues, in his meetings with Prime
Minister Modi and note that the world is looking at India to continue to
uphold its democratic tradition,” the official added.

CAA,
which promises citizenship to Hindu, Sikh, Jain, Parsi, Buddhist, and
Christian refugees from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh, is facing
stiff opposition across the country with some states including Kerala,
West Bengal, Rajasthan and Punjab refusing to implement it.

Accompanied
by a 12-member delegation, President Trump will arrive in India on a
two-day visit on February 24. The visiting dignitary is also expected to
attend an event at the Motera Stadium in Ahmedabad, named ‘Namaste
Trump,’ on the lines of the ‘Howdy Modi’ function that was addressed by
the US President and Modi in Houston in September last year.

Trump
and First Lady Melania Trump will have an extensive schedule for
February 25 when they arrive in the national capital of India. According
to sources, there will be multiple meetings and delegation-level talks
apart from the exchange of agreements.
2. April Fool !!
VOICE of ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS)

https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/politics/mayawati-first-to-accept-amit-shahs-challenge-for-public-debate-on-caa/ar-BBZd86i

National
Population Register (NPR) which will kick off on April 1 must be
applicable for just 0.1% intolerant, violent, militant, number one
terrorists of the world, ever shooting, mob lynching, lunatic, mentally
retarded foreigners from Bene Israel, Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern
Europe, Western Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc,
etc., chitpavan brahmins of Rowdy/Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks (RSS) plan to
establish stealth and shadowy hidutva cult chitpavan brahmins who claim
as 1st rate athmas (souls) kshatrias, vysias, shudras, as 2nd, 3rd, 4th
rate souls and aborignal SC/STs/ Religious Minorities considered as
having no souls at all so that all sorts of atrocities could be
committed on them. But the Buddha never believed in any soul. He said
all are equal on which our marvelous modern constitution is written.The
chitpavan brahmins wants no other religion or is caste exists. The
chitpavan brahmins never believe elections. Their leaders are chosen by
selection in general and by the EVMs/VVPATs in particular. The chitpavan
brahmins DNA report says that they are of foreign origin kicked out
from Bene Israel, Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western
Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc, etc. They will
never register in NPR because of their DNA Origin.
Before that

https://www.gopetition.com/petitions/declare-rss-a-terrorist-organization.html

Declare
RSS (Rowdy/Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks) a Terrorist OrganizationFounded in
1925, the RSS took direct inspiration from the European fascist
movements of the 1920s-1940s, including the Nazi Party.

Today, it has metastasized into a 6 million + member uniformed and armed paramilitary.
The
RSS is responsible for acts of gross violence, including participating
in every major pogrom in independent Prabuddha Bharat.


All ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS) & the US State
Department are called to declare the RSS a terrorist organization.

The
RSS is infamous for its members dressing in uniforms which strongly
resemble those worn by members of the Hitler Youth. It was founded in
1925, the same year that the Nazi party was reformulated with Hitler as
its leader. In addition to drawing inspiration from the Nazis, the RSS
modeled itself after Mussolini’s fascist movement in Italy. In 1931, RSS
co-founder BS Moonje met Mussolini in Rome. After praising the
dictator’s fascist youth group, ONB, for its “military regeneration” of
Italian youth, Moonje wrote, “Prabuddha Bharat and particularly stealth
shadowy hindutva cult need some such institution for the military
regeneration of the hindutvaites.” He claimed that “the idea of fascism
vividly brings out the conception of unity amongst people” and declared:
“Our institution of Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh of Nagpur under Dr
Hedgewar is of this kind.”

The
longest-serving RSS chief, M.S. Golwalkar, called it treason for an
Prabuddha Bharatian to convert away from stealth shadowy hindutva cult
or refuse to “glorify the hindutva race and nation.” In 1939, he also
wrote glowingly in support of Nazi racial policy: “To keep up the purity
of the race and its culture, Germany shocked the world by her purging
the country of the Semitic races — the Jews. Race pride at its highest
has been manifested here.”
He
called this “a good lesson for us in Prabuddha Bharat to learn and
profit by.” In its June 2019 report, the United States Commission on
International Religious Freedom warned that the RSS’s agenda “to
alienate non-hindutvaites or All ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES
including SC/STs/Religious Minorities/OBCs is a significant contributor
to the rise of religious violence and persecution.
”
The RSS has been repeatedly accused of instigating violence. It has
been banned several times, the first time following the assassination of
M.K. Gandhi by a former RSS member naturam godse. In 2002, Human Rights
Watch named the RSS and its subsidiaries as the groups responsible for
an anti-Muslim pogrom that killed 2,000 in the state of Gujarat. In
2012, Swami Aseemanand, a full-time RSS worker, confessed to
orchestrating several terrorist bombings which claimed hundreds of lives
from 2006 to 2008. Many other instances of bombings, assassinations,
and pogroms have been laid at the feet of the RSS. The RSS (including
its many subsidiaries) has been linked to many other major incidents of
anti-minority violence all across India. These include the 1947 Jammu
Massacre (20,000+ Muslims killed) and the 1969 Gujarat Riots (400+
Muslims killed) — both of which occurred shortly after visit by
Golwalkar. Later came the 1970 Bhiwandi Riots in Maharashtra (190+
Muslims killed), the 1983 Nellie Massacre in Assam (2,200+ Bengali
Muslims killed), the 1984 Sikh Genocide in Delhi (3,000+ Sikhs killed),
the 1985 Gujarat Riots (hundreds of Muslims killed), the 1987 Meerut
Riots in Uttar Pradesh (hundreds of Muslims killed), the 1989 Bhagalpur
Riots in Bihar (900+ Muslims killed), the 1992 nationwide riots
following the Babri Mosque destruction (2,000+ Muslims killed), the 2002
Gujarat Pogrom (2,000+ Muslims killed), the 2008 Odisha Pogrom (100+
Christians killed), and countless other smaller-scale incidents. All
ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES is called on to register the foreigners (
Rowdy/Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks (RSS) chitpavan brahmins a National
Population Register (NPR) which will kick off on April 1 must be
applicable and also “Foreign Terrorist Organization” designation with
due haste.

https://hinduismtruthexposed.wordpress.com/2016/02/10/american-scientist-proves-brahmins-are-foreigners/

Hindutva Exposed

American
Scientist Proves Brahmins are ForeignersA scientific research has
concluded after extensive study of DNAs of various castes in India that
brahmins in general and the chitpavan brahmins in particular are in fact
foreigner to the country they have been ruling for thousands of years.
This three-part article will bring out some of the interesting facts. It
is written by Prof. Vilas Kharat, Director, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Research Centre, New Delhi. – EditorMichael Bamshad has published his
DNA report in ‘Human Genome’ in 2001 at an international level. Due to
this DNA report it is proved scientifically that the brahmins are
foreigners in India but brahmins are completely silent on this issue.
However; Mulnivasi Bahujan peoples must be aware of this report. The
World has now approved this fact that the brahmins are foreigners in
Prabuddha Bharat. The brahmins have enslaved all aboriginals by creating
ignorance among them. However; now brahmins can’t hide this fact that
they are the foreigners because this fact is now highlighted all over
the World. A well known scientist of Utah University named Michael
Bamshad has tremendously indebted the entire native aboriginals by
publishing this report at an international level. Michael Bamshad is a
famous American scientist and he is the head of a famous research centre
in America. He is the head of the head of Department of Pediatrics,
Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, 15 North 2030 East, Room no. 2100,
USA – 1999-2005. He is also the head of Department of Pediatrics,
University of Utah, and Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA – 2001-2004. He
has a deep study in human genetics. Along with the DNA study on Indians,
he has also done his research on six different important topics.Being
young and brilliant, Michael Bamshad was came to India to complete his
DNA research on the peoples here and presented very surprising findings
in front of the World.After staying for about half decade in India, he
has done a tremendous work of finding the genetic origin of Indians. The
title of his report is – “Genetic evidence on the Origins of Indian
Caste Population”. He presented this scientific report on origin of the
Indians castes in 2001 in front of the World and the World too,
acclaimed his grand work. The brahmin- baniya media of India however
tried to hide this report from the general peoples so as to keep them
ignorant from this surprising report. With the help of the genetic
science, Indians also wanted to know as how Brahmins created the castes
and how they divided the majority of Indians into 6000 different castes
and how they ruled on them instead of being in minority? Not a single
Indian media tried to highlight this matter in front of the peoples.
However, the nationwide organization of BAMCEF created awareness all
over the country. RSS and its allied other chitpavan brahmanical
organizations tried to divert this issue unsuccessfully. One of their
cunning tactics is to kill the issue by neglecting it. The brahmins in
Prabuddha Bharat didn’t discuss a single word on this issue. They
attempted to kill this sensitive issue by neglecting it. However; they
couldn’t succeed in it because the nationwide organizations of BAMCEF
had done a continuous nationwide awareness campaign on this matter. Now,
we have decided to hand over this report directly to the public. This
scientific research would improve their thinking on this reality.There
are many interesting facts in the report of Michael Bamshad along with
some scientific terms. The Prabuddha Bharatians should try to understand
those terms very clearly. DNA can be divided into 4 different types:
(1) Nuclear DNA, (2) Mitochondrial DNA, (3) X Chromosomal DNA and (4) Y
Chromosomal DNA.In case of the nuclear DNA, the DNA of parents is
inherited into their offspring. The report of this DNA only is held
significant in the court cases. The court case of Mr. N. D. Tiwari was
solved by the respective court on this basis only and he was found
guilty. We must know about the mitochondrial DNA too. At the time of
origin of human beings, the regional DNA gets codified into that DNA. On
this basis only, they found similarity in DNA of all the aboriginal
Indians divided into 6000 different castes. Not even this but they also
found matching of DNA of the converted peoples with those different
caste peoples. The DNA of 85% aboriginal Prabuddha Bharatians didn’t
matched that with the minority of the brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas.
However; DNA of the brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas matched
completely among their own peoples. It does mean that, the DNA of 1750
castes belonging to the Scheduled Castes, of 750 castes among the
Scheduled Tribes and about 5000 Castes among the Other Backward Castes
didn’t matched that with the brahmins at all. Thus, this DNA report
proclaims that, the higher Castes (i.e. the Brahmins, Kshatriyas and
Vaishyas) are not the original residents of India but they are the
foreigners. Michael Bamshad is a famous international personality. He
had written a letter legally to the Indian Government seeking for
permission to do DNA research in India. The Indian Government had given
him permission too. He had done his research in the Defense Research
Development Organization (DRDO), Hyderabad. The Indian Government had
given him not only permission to do his research but also given a team
with him. Michael Bamshad himself was associated with the group of 18
scientists. Along with 6 Indian Universities, 7 American scientific
organizations were also involved in this research.

https://notablebrahmins.wordpress.com/2016/01/28/brahmins-are-terrorists/

Notable brahmins in general and chitpavan brahmins in particular

Chitpavan
brahmins are ‘Terrorists’ January 28, 2016 by patriot Prabuddha
bharatians Prof. Vilas Kharat for Beyond Headlines A scientific research
has concluded after extensive study of DNAs of various castes in India
that Brahmins are in fact foreigner to the country they have been ruling
for thousands of years. This three-part article will bring out some of
the interesting facts. It is written by Prof. Vilas Kharat, Director,
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Research Centre, New Delhi. – Editor

The
brahmins misused their Brains as like the Prostitutes. The brahmins are
the foreigners in India. There are thousands of evidences in Rig- Veda.
In Rig- Veda, Indra is called as ‘Purandara’ means one who destroys the
cities (Puras). There are many hymns (slokas) in the Rig- Veda
depicting how Brahmins had attacked on the aboriginal Indians by
different cunning tactics. A Rig- Veda is the basic evidence of the
Brahmins cunningness. Many evidences of the Brahmins being foreigners as
well as the foreign invaders in India are seen in Rig- Veda. The
brahmins are invaders; the Rig- Veda also gives evidences that they are
very cruel and uncivilized peoples.After reading the Rig- Veda, I came
to my honest opinion that, only Brahmins are the true terrorists in the
World! If anyone would write the history of terrorism in the World,
then, he would be needed to start writing it from the events recorded in
the Rig- Veda. In the 10th Mandala of Rig- Veda, the Varna system
supportive bunk that is Purush-Sukta is written- at which time actually
it was written? The brahmins killed numerous aboriginal Naga peoples of
India. After that, in order to prevent the future generations of these
Nagas from raising their heads again, the Purush-sukta is attached to
Rig- Veda by the brahmins in later times to maintain their supremacy. In
that sukta, they told an imaginary story that, the upper three Varna’s
of brahmin, Kshatriya and Vaishyas are born from the upper parts of the
Brahma and so by excluding the Shudras, they allotted all the special
powers to the upper classes only. They named these upper three Varnas as
“Dvij”. Dvij means a twice born upper caste Eurasian. One natural birth
through the womb of his mother and another birth mean the authority of
the Upanayana ceremony. The brahmins another philosophy is that, they
are born through the mouth of the Brahma; hence, the brahmins are the
great. Rashtrapita Jotirao Phule had exposed this Brahma-conspiracy
(Brahma-Ghotala) for the first time. According to this philosophy, the
brahmins are born through the mouth of the Brahma; hence, brahmins are
the great but are present brahmins giving birth to their children from
their mouth instead of giving natural births from their pregnant women?
Does any brahmin get pregnant through his mouth? If this could be proved
by any Brahmin then we will accept their greatness. For what the
Brahmins are great? The brahmins are so much cunning, heretics and
lowest peoples that we won’t be able to find such a lowest being in the
other parts of the World. Those cunning, heretic and lowly peoples used
their Brains as like the prostitutes! These Brahmins only had created
the Varna system and made the aboriginal Indians powerless by declaring
them as the Shudras and then divided these Shudras into 6 thousand
different castes in the later times. They separated one class among
those Shudras and declared them as the untouchables. The Brahmins also
created the criminal tribes and the Nomadic tribes. They also enslaved
the women and allotted them the status lower than that of the
Shudra-Atishudras. That’s why; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar had used a special
term for them in the following words that “The Brahmins have used their
brains as like prostitutes”!The Brahmins own opinions stating that they
are the foreigners. During the British rule, some foreign thinkers like
Rhode, Schlegal Patti, Jacob, Lassen, Max Muller, Schleccher, Mommsen,
Monier Williams had stated that, the Brahmins are not of an Indian
origin and their origin is in Central Asia. Bal (Keshav) Gangadhar
Tilak, a chief terrorist among the Brahmins had written a book named
“The Arctic Home in the Vedas”. At his time, it was generally accepted
that the Brahmins are foreigners in India but there were different
opinions regarding from where did they come? According to Tilak,
brahmins came from the North Arctic region, however; some other thinkers
said that, they came from Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe,
Western Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc, etc. When
the British were calling Brahmins as the foreigners in India, then,
Brahmins, too, were accepting their opinions gladly. A reason behind
this was that, it was a true fact but the other practical reason was
that, Brahmins were suggesting to the British that, as like you, we too,
are the foreigners in India; so, together we both would rule on these
aboriginal Prabuddha Bharatians.(1) In Manusmriti, there is one hymn
(sloka), which proves that the brahmins are the foreigners. Manusmriti
hymn no. ||24||Meaning: “brahmins are originated in another country.
(brahmins are the Dvijas born in a foreign land). The brahmins should
live forcefully in this country!”(2) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Arctic Home in
the Vedas):- “My effort is limited to the Vedic literature only. In the
Vedas, there are some events which are secreted and hence, become
difficult to understand. If we would study them with the help of the
modern science, then, we would come to the conclusion that the ancestors
of the Vedic Aryans were residing in the region of Northern Arctic land
at the end of an Ice Age”.(3) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’s chief guest
speech in 39th convocation of Congress which was published in “Aaj”
newspaper on 27th December 1924.On ‘Un-touchability’ with courtesy:-“One
more obstacle, which is on the way to Swarajya is un-touchability and
peoples can’t make a demand for their Swarajya or can get it, until they
don’t give freedom to their SC/ST brothers. By drowning them, they have
drowned their own ship. Now a day, the British invaders are treating us
badly more or less similar to the invaders of the Aryan caste peoples
who had treated the aboriginals of Hindustan”.(4) Pandit Javaharlal
Nehru: – Nehru had written a letter to his daughter Indira Gandhi in the
form a book whose title is “A letter from father to his daughter”. In
this letter, Nehru had clearly written that, Brahmins are the foreigners
and they have destroyed the Indus civilization by attacking on it.“Come
and let us see what happened in Prabuddha Bharat. We have seen before
that in ancient days, India possessed its own culture and civilization
as Egypt. Those who inhabited it at that time were known as Dravidians.
Their descendants are today living around about Madras. The Aryans
invaded these Dravidians from the North. Surely, these Aryans must have
been a big force in Central Asia, who had to go and live in other
countries for want of food.”(5) In his book “Bharat Varsh ka Itihas”,
Lala Lajpatrai had clearly written on page no. 21 -22 that, Brahmins are
the foreigners.(6) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Bharat Varsh ka Itihas, Page
no. 87-89. Writer- Mishra Bandhu)(7) Pandit Shyambihari Mishra, M.A.,
M.R.A.S. and Pandit Sukhdev Bihari Mishra, M.A., M.R.A.S. in their book
‘Bharat Varsh ka Itihas, Part-1, Page no. 62-63)(8) In a monthly
magazine of ‘Madhuri’ published by Pandit Janardan Bhatt; in which, an
article published in 1925- ‘Bhartiya puratatva ki nayi khoj’ (page no.
27-29)(9) Shri Pandit Gangaprasad, M.R.A.S., Deputy Collector, U.P. and
Ex. Professor of Merath College written boo ‘Jati Bedi’ (Page no.
27-30)(10) ‘Ravindra Darshan’ written on Ravindranath Tagore by Sukh
Sanpatri Bhandari (Page no. 81-82)(11) ‘Bhartiya Lipitatva’ (Page no.
47-51) written by Nagendranath Basu, M.A., M.R.A.S.(12) The famous
Rigveda translator, Rameshchandra Dutta written ‘Prachin Bharatvarsh ki
Sabhyata ka Itihas, Part-1’ (Page no. 17-19)(13) Hindi writer Mahavir
Dvivedi written ‘Hindi Bhasha ki Uttpati’(14) Babu Shyam Sundar, B.A.,
Secretary of Kashinagari Pracharani Sabha and Editor of Hindi Shabda
Sagar Kosh, Professor of Banaras Hindu University written book- ‘Hindi
Bhasha ka Vikas’ (Page no. 3-7)(15) Pandit Laxminarayan Garde, B.A.,
Editor of ‘Shrikrushna Sandesh’ (On the page no. 8-9 and on 29 of book
‘Hindutva’ written by him)(16) Pandit Jagannath Pancholi Gaud written
book- ‘Aryon ka adim nivas’(17) Rai Bahadur Chintamani Vinayak Vaidya,
M.A., LL.B., written book- ‘Mahabharat Mimansa’(18) Swami Satyadevji
Paribhrajak written book- ‘Jati Shiksha’ ( Page no. 8 and 9)(19)
Ramanand Chatterjee, chief guest of the 29th Conference of Akhil
Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha and Editor of ‘Modern Review’. He said in his
chief guest speech that, Brahmins are the foreigners.(20) Acharya
Prafulla Chandra Rai’s article published in daily news paper “Aaj” on 29
th November 1926.(21) Editor of ‘Desh-Bhakt’ (Page no. 29th February
1924)(22) Yogeshchandra Pal’s monthly news paper ‘Premache Vrindavan’
published in May 1927. Page no. 136-143.(23) The first Backward
Commission was established under the head of Kaka Kalelkar in which he
had admitted that, brahmins are the foreigners. Not even this but he had
proudly written that, as like the British we are also the foreigners in
IPrabuddha Bharat- “This is a general tendency of peoples of this
country to live under the influence of powerful peoples to safeguard
their lives and to make their living happy and protected. During that
period only, peoples of this country had accepted the supremacy of the
brahmins and their Sanskrit language. In the later times, when the
rulers changed, they accepted the supremacy of the Arabians and
Persians. After that, the British came and all peoples accepted their
supremacy happily.If we want to give some old name to these peoples, who
have a power to keep the masses under their control, then, we can call
them as Brahmins. During the British rule, those who were calling them
as the Brahmins were the British them self. They were claiming
themselves that, “We are the brahmins today”.In the Swarajya too, these
brahmins are the only rulers, whether they might be of any caste or any
religion or any country. Politics is under the control of brahmins only.
Educational system is in their hands and the Media which controls the
masses is also in their hands.” (Referance: Adhunik Bharat ke Nirmata:-
Kakasaheb Kalelkar, Writer- Ravindra Kelekar, Page no. 594-95,
Publishing Department, Information and Technology Ministry, Government
of India)The British were saying that, ‘We are the Brahmins today’. It
clearly means that, as like Brahmins we are the foreigners in India.
However; Kalelkar shamelessly said that the present so called
Independence belongs to the foreigner Brahmins only!(24) P. V. Kane: –
History of the religious texts.(25) Radhakumud Mukherjee: – Hindu
Sabhyata- Page no. 41 and 47- “The chief history of India starts with an
entry of the Aryans”. In reality, it’s not a true history and there is
no entry of the Aryans but there is invasion of the Aryans in India!(26)
D. D. Kosambi: Prachin Bharat ki Sanskruti aur Sabhyata- Kosambi also
states that, Brahmins destroyed the Indus Civilization.(27) Rahul
Sanskrutyayan: Volga to Ganga(28) Jayadev Dikshit and Pratap Joshi
(IPS), these Koksnastha Brahmins also gives their opinions that,
brahmins are the foreigners. After the disclosure of DNA research report
(2001), Joshi had written a book named ‘Greek Origins of the Kokanastha
Chitpavans’. In fact, it was Joshi’s reaction after disclosure of the
detailed postal address of brahmins by Michael Bamshad. For one thing we
are thankful to Joshi that, he at least accepted that Brahmins are the
foreigners in India! Finally, what remains is that, the Kobra Brahmins
tried to connect their relations with the Greek civilization which is
just a shameless attempt! The brahmins are trying to show their
relations with the Greek civilization only to give greatness to their
immorality, drunkennness and open sexuality. In reality, there is no
truth in their claims!(29) N. G. Chaphekar- This ‘chitpavan’ brahmin has
given his different opinions in his article of ‘from where did
Chitpavanas came?’ A common conclusion of all these statements is that,
Brahmins came to this country from outside. On page no. 295, he has
included some opinions of K. R. Joshi which are given as it
is.“Regarding from where did Kokanastha come, my thinking is that, they
might have come from the costal route of Sindh-Kathewad-Gujarath to
Kulaba and Ratnagiri and then settled in these districts. Reasons:- If
we would think through the linguistic point of view, we will find an
extensive similarity between the old language of the Kokanastha and
Gujarathi language; e.g. Ke Se (in Chitpavan language), meaning ‘where
are you’ becomes Kya Che (in Gujarathi); Ghodo for horse, Kutro for Dog
in Chitpavan language becomes Dhodo for horse, Kutiya for Dog in
Gujarathi. Some old Chitpavan peoples talk their old Chitpavan language
words with nasal tone as like the Hindu peoples of the Sindh. The
chitpavan peoples are less united since their tribes descended slowly
from the North to south and due to the long interval between these
tribes, the successive tribes couldn’t get mixed with their earlier
tribes. (K. R. Joshi, Jalgaon)”(30) V. K. Rajwade: – He also said
proudly that, brahmins are the foreigners.(31) Swami Dayanand Saraswati:
– He also had stated that, Brahmins are the foreigners.(32) By taking
‘separate conferences of the brahmins’ the present brahmins also proved
the fact that they are the foreigners.Now, I think these evidences are
sufficient to prove that the Brahmins are foreigners in Prabuddha
Bharat.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitpavan

Peshwa from the Bhat family of Balaji Vishwanath
Bene
Israel Jews of Raigad districtIndian scholar Ramakrishna Gopal
Bhandarkar has shown similarity between names of chitpavan brahmins and
the geographical sites in Palestine.Balaji Vishwanth BhatBalaji Baji Rao
Chitpavan
brahmin community included Dhondo Keshav Karve, Justice Mahadev Govind
Ranade,Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar,Vinoba Bhave.The
chitpavan brahmin community includes two major politicians in the
Gandhian tradition: Gopal Krishna Gokhale, whom Gandhi acknowledged as a
preceptor, and Vinoba Bhave, one of his outstanding disciples. Gandhi
describes Bhave as the “jewel of his disciples”, and recognised Gokhale
as his political guru.

Vinayak
Damodar Savarkar, the founder of the Stealth Shadowy political ideology
hindutva cult, was a chitpavan brahmin and several other chitpavans
were among the first to embrace it because they thought it was a logical
extension of the legacy of the Peshwas and caste-fellow Tilak. These
Chitpavans felt out of place with the Indian social reform movement of
Phule and the mass politics of Gandhi. Large numbers of the community
looked to Savarkar, the Hindu Mahasabha and finally the RSS. , drew
their inspiration from fringe groups in this reactionary trend.

After
Gandhi’s assassination by nathuram godse, a chitpawan, brahmins in
Maharashtra, became targets of violence, mostly by members from the
Maratha caste. The motivating factor for the violence was not love for
Gandhi on the part of the rioters but the denigration and humiliation
that the Marathas were subjected to due to their caste status.

Notable people


Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath and his descendants, Bajirao I, Chimaji Appa,
Balaji Bajirao, Raghunathrao, Sadashivrao Bhau, Madhavrao I, Narayanrao,
Madhavrao II, and Bajirao II Nana Fadnavis (1742 - 1800), regent to
Madhavrao II[64] The Patwardhans - military leaders under the Peshwa[65]
and later rulers of various princely states Balaji Pant Natu - spied
for the British against the Peshwa era Maratha Empire and raised the
Union Jack over Shaniwar Wada.Lokhitwadi (Gopal Hari Deshmukh)
(1823-1892)- social reformer[68][69] Nana Sahib (1824 – 1859) - adopted
heir of the deposed Peshwa Bajirao II and one of the main leaders of the
Indian Rebellion of 1857 Mahadev Govind Ranade (1842–1901)[33] - judge
and social reformer. Given the title of Rao Bahadur. Vishnushastri
Krushnashastri Chiplunkar (1850 – 1882)- essayist, editor of Nibandha
Mala, a Marathi journal, educator, mentor to Bal Gangadhar Tilak and
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, founder of the Chitrashala press Vasudev Balwant
Phadke (1845 – 1883) - a petty government clerk in Pune who led an armed
rebellion against the British. Later an Educator.Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(1856 – 1920) -Educator, Writer and Early Nationalist Leader with
widespread appeal. Described by British colonial administration as the
“Father of Indian Unrest”Gopal Ganesh Agarkar (1856 – June
1895).journalist, educator and social reformer Keshavsut (Krishnaji
Keshav Damle) (15 March 1866 – 7 November 1905) -Marathi language poet
Dhondo Keshav Karve(1858 – 1962)- Social reformer and advocate of
women’s education Anandibai Joshi (1865 – 1887) - First Indian woman to
get a medical degree from a university in the west - Woman’s Medical
College of Pennsylvania - in 1886Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1866 – 1915) -
Early Nationalist leader on the moderate wing of the Congress party
Chapekar brothers (1873-1899),(1879-1899) - Brothers who assassinated
British plague commissioner Walter Rand for his heavy handed approach to
plague relief in Pune in 1897Gangadhar Nilkanth Sahasrabuddhe, a social
reformer, who, along with two other reformers- Chairman Surendranath
Tipnis of the Mahad Municipality and A.V.Chitre, helped Ambedkar during
the Mahad Satyagraha.[81][82][83] Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar (1872 –
1947)- Writer, Journalist, Nationalist leader. Served on the Viceroy’s
Executive Council (1924–29). Ganesh Damodar Savarkar (1879 – 1945),
founder of Abhinav Bharat Society, Independence activist and brother of
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar,[34][85] (28 May 1883
– 26 February 1966) Freedom fighter, social reformer and Formulator of
the Hindutva philosophy. Popularly known as Veer Savarkar (”Brave”
Savarkar). Senapati Bapat (12 November 1880 – 28 November 1967) -
Prominent Indian freedom fighter who acquired title of Senapati meaning
Commander.Dadasaheb Phalke- (30 April 1870 – 16 February 1944) Pioneer
of Indian film industry Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar-(25 November 1872 –
26 August 1948) Editor of Kesari and Navakal[89][full citation needed]
Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande (1860 – 1936) - eminent maestro of Hindustani
classical music[90] Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade (1863–1926) -
Historian[91] Anant Laxman Kanhere (1891-1910) - Indian nationalist and
revolutionary, hanged for the murder of British Collector of Nashik, A.
M. T. Jackson in 1910[a] Vinoba Bhave-(1895 – 1982), Gandhian leader and
freedom fighter Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre (1896 – 1981) - Poet and
writer in Kannada language. Winner of the Jnanpith Award[96] Narhar
Vishnu Gadgil-(10 January 1896 – 12 January 1966) Congress leader and
Member of Nehru’s cabinet Irawati Karve - (1905 – 1970), anthropologist
nathuram godse- (19 May 1910 – 15 November 1949) Mahatma Gandhi’s
assassin[99] Narayan Apte (1911 - 1949) - co-conspirator in the
assassination of Gandhi.Gopal Godse (1919 – 2005) - co-conspirator in
the assassination of Gandhi and Nathuram Godse’s younger brother.[100]
Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920 - 2003) was an Indian activist
philosopher, spiritual leader, social revolutionary and religion
reformist, who founded the Swadhyaya Parivar (Swadhyaya Family) in 1954
Kashinath Ghanekar (1930 - 1986) - Marathi Actor and First superstar on
Marathi Stage.[citation needed] Vikram Gokhale (born 1947) - Indian
film, television and stage actor[citation needed] Madhuri Dixit (born
1967) - Bollywood actress[102] Prakash Madhusudan Apte - Architect and
town planner. Planned and designed the city of Gandhinagar, capital city
of Gujarat.

Therefore
first they must be subjected to National Population Register (NPR)
which will kick off on April 1 must be applicable for just 0.1%
intolerant, violent, militant, number one terrorists of the world, ever
shooting, mob lynching, lunatic, mentally retarded foreigners from Bene
Israel, chitpavan brahmins of Rowdy/Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks (RSS) plan to
establish stealth and shadowy hidutva cult chitpavan brahmins will be
1st rate athmas (souls) kshatrias, vysias, shudras, will be 2nd, 3rd,
4th rate souls and aborignal SC/STs/ Religious Minorities considered as
having no souls at all so that all sorts of atrocities could be
committed on them. But the Buddha never believed in any soul. He said
all are equal on which our marvelous modern constitution is written.The
chitpavan brahmins wants no other religion or is caste exists. The
chitpavan brahmins never believe elections. The leaders are chosen by
selection. The chitpavan brahmins DNA report says that they are of
foreign origin kicked out from Bene Israel, Siberia, Tibet, Africa,
Eastern Europe, Western Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary,
etc, etc. They will never register in NPR because of their DNA Origin.
With Kind Regards

Your’s Sincerly

Jagatheesan Chandraeskharan
KUSHINARA
NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL
GOAL
DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT!
Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice.


comments (0)
02/23/20
LESSON 3284 Mon 24 Feb 2020 Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING from KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT! Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice. VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS) Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist) All Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch) Trump Card - Discuss Paper Ballots first. CAA, NRC issues next with Murderer of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to win elections. in Classical English,Roman
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LESSON  3284 Mon 24 Feb 2020

Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING

from

KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL


VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS)

Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)


All Aboriginal  Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch)

Trump Card - Discuss Paper Ballots first. CAA, NRC issues next with
Murderer of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions
(Modi) who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to
win elections.

in Classical English,Roman


To,
Respect Donald Trump
President of America, a first-world country, still using paper ballots for the US elections.

Sub:
Trump Card - Discuss Paper Ballots first. CAA, NRC issues next with
Murderer of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions
(Modi) who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to
win elections.

May you be ever happy, well and secure!May you live long !
May you be calm, quiet, alert, attentive and have equanimity mind with a clear understanding that everything is changing !!

This
is the VOICE of 99.9% All Aboriginal Awakened Societies including
SC/STs/OBCs/Religious Minorities and even the non-chitpavan brahmins
that your good self must discuss to use paper ballots in elections first
and the CAA, NRC issues next to save democracy, Liberty, Equality and
Fraternity as enshrined in our marvellous Modern Constitution for the
welfare, happiness and peace for all societies.

Ms Mayawati
supremo of BSP and four times CM of UP alone can challenge and defeat
the casteist, communal and pro-capitalist BJP (Bevakoof Jhoothe
Psychopaths) to liberate the country from the clutches of fascist rule.

Scheduled
Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Religious
Minorities, are able to secure our rights guaranteed under the
Constitution of India due to the incessant struggle and matchless
sacrifice of Babasaheb Dr. Bheemrao Ambedkar. But the caste-prejudiced
governments did not implement these rights to the benefit of our people.
As the result, despite the provisions of Constitution, our
socio-economic condition remained worst as before. Hence, Babasaheb
advocated us to form the government on our own by getting united under
one political platform and one leadership. In this direction, he
contemplated to launch the Republican Party of India during his
life-time. But he, perhaps, did not know that he would die so early even
before he could bring his plans into action. He could not complete the
task which was later on completed by Manyawar Kanshi Ram Saheb.

Tampering
of EVMs by BJP : EVMs/VVPATs  has helped the BJP to defeat BSP in Uttar
Pradesh. They found that BSP is strong in UP and thinking that if they
could finish BSP in UP, BSP will die a natural death. That is how they
focused their entire strength to defeat BSP in UP. However, they could
not win through fair means. They had to resort to fraudulent way of
tampering the electronic voting machines (EVMs) to defeat BSP.
Mayawati’s best governance of UP as CM made her eligible to become the
PM of the country. This was not liked by the chitpavan brahmins as their
plan to bring hindutva cult in the country will be defeated. so they
tampered the fraud EVMs/VVPATs to defeat BSP which was in favour of the
Marvellous Modern Constitution which is for the welfare, happiness and
peace for all aboriginal societies.

BJP and company had used the EVMs in 2014 itself to win the General Election.

BSP thought that it was the mandate against the scams-ridden and scandals-tainted rule of Congress.
1.  Why is America, a first-world country, still using paper ballots for the US Elections?
Americans still cast their votes for elections via paper ballots, and not by electronic voting.
HIGHLIGHTS

Reports have it that Americans feel safer in using paper ballots.
Printed ballots started in the US long after Revolutionary War.
Only form of e-voting in the US is via email or fax.

In
fact, if a free-spirited, chicken-loving American citizen wants to vote
for a KFC wing, they could do that too. Because even after over 15
years of debating over taking up electronic voting, America still uses
the paper ballot system to elect their representatives.
WHY IS THE PAPER BALLOT SYSTEM STILL PREVALENT IN THE US?
Security.
Reports
have it that Americans feel safer in using paper ballots as compared to
electronic voting machines, like the Murderer of democratic
institutions and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) who gobbled the
Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to win elections for the
BJP (Bevakoof Jhoothe Psychopaths) remotely controlled by just 0.1%
intolerant, violent, number one terrorists of the word, ever shooting,
mob lynching, lunatic, mentally retarded, foreigners from Bene israel,
Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Germany, Northern
Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc, etc. do.
A TIME report quotes the
US Election Assistance Commission Chairman Tom Hicks saying that the
“primary reasons” paper ballots are used in most states are “security
and voter preference”.
The report also says e-voting is not highly
preferred because of the cost it comes with: the need for new voting
machines, upgrades, are “greatly restricted by budget”.
Another
argument is that politicians would not got for e-voting over the
dearly-known paper ballot ritual, which has been “accurately modeled
from decades of polling and analysis”.
But here’s the deal:
considering that Americans use electronic gadgets for banking,
educational purposes and even security, this logic may not stand tall
for long. Though it has been around for quite some time now.

HOW LONG HAS THE PAPER BALLOT BEEN AROUND IN THE US?

Printed
ballots came into fashion in the US long after the American
Revolutionary War, before which people cast their votes by calling out
their preferences in public. Most states had moved to secret ballots
after 1884’s presidential election of. By 1892, voting in private became
prevalent.
Printed ballots did not come into some seven states of
America until the 20th century. Over the years, voting rights evolved in
the US but so was not quite the case with the technology involved in
voting. Hence, through the 1900s, forms of the paper ballot remained in
fashion.
Presently, though secret ballot is most prevalent across the
US, some states use mail ballots. In this case, the ballot is sent to
the voter’s home, they mark their choice and mail it via post. Oregon
and Washington conduct all elections by mailed ballots.

E-VOTING IN THE US
The
only form of e-voting in the US is via email or fax. Technically, the
voter is sent a ballot form, they fill it in, return it by email, or fax
a digital photo of the ballot with their choice marked.

CAN A VOTER VOTE FOR A NON-CANDIDATE IN THE PAPER BALLOTS?
Say
a voter writes Sheldon Cooper or Kim Kardashian’s name on the ballot
paper, and mark them for their presidential choice. They can do that.
Known
as a “write in” candidate, such unofficial candidates garner a lot of
vote in American elections. A BBC report says that Mickey Mouse is an
all-time favourite in the country.
However, the odds of a write-in
candidate becoming the US president are almost the same as the winning
candidate “rowing across the Atlantic in a one-person rowboat and
calling upon the Queen”, says constitutional law expert Professor Rogers
Smith.
In short, it is nearly almost out of the question.

SO WHAT ARE THE CHANCES OF THE US GIVING UP ON PAPER BALLOTS?
Based
on what political scientists and various studies and op-eds have to
say, it is slim-to-none. A Scientific American report voices their fear
of e-voting quite clearly: “No one has yet figured out a straightforward
method of ensuring that one of the most revered democratic institutions
- in this case, electing a US President - can be double-checked for
fraud, particularly when paperless e-voting systems are used.”

https://northeastlivetv.com/2020/02/22/trump-to-discuss-caa-nrc-issues-with-modi-during-india-visit-senior-us-administration-official/

Trump to discuss CAA, NRC issues with Modi during India visit: Senior US administration official

United
States President Donald Trump will discuss the issues concerning the
Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the proposed National Registrar of
Citizens (NRC) with Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his upcoming
visit to India, a senior US Administration official said on Friday.

Speaking
to reporters here, the official said that the US has great respect for
Indian Democratic traditions and institutions and “will continue to
encourage India to uphold” them.

“President Trump will talk about
our shared tradition of democracy and religious freedom, both, in his
public remarks and certainly in private. He will raise these issues,
particularly the religious freedom issue that’s very important for this
(Trump) administration. We have our shared commitment of upholding our
universal values, the rule of law,” the senior official told the
reporters here.

“We have great respect for Indian Democratic
traditions and institutions and we will continue to encourage India to
uphold those traditions. We are concerned about the issues that you (the
reporter) have raised,” the official said, referring to the reporter’s
questions on whether the CAA and NRC issues would be raised.

“The
president will talk about these issues, in his meetings with Prime
Minister Modi and note that the world is looking at India to continue to
 uphold its democratic tradition,” the official added.

CAA,
which promises citizenship to Hindu, Sikh, Jain, Parsi, Buddhist, and
Christian refugees from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh, is facing
stiff opposition across the country with some states including Kerala,
West Bengal, Rajasthan and Punjab refusing to implement it.

Accompanied
by a 12-member delegation, President Trump will arrive in India on a
two-day visit on February 24. The visiting dignitary is also expected to
attend an event at the Motera Stadium in Ahmedabad, named ‘Namaste
Trump,’ on the lines of the ‘Howdy Modi’ function that was addressed by
the US President and Modi in Houston in September last year.

Trump
and First Lady Melania Trump will have an extensive schedule for
February 25 when they arrive in the national capital of India. According
to sources, there will be multiple meetings and delegation-level talks
apart from the exchange of agreements.
2. April Fool !!
VOICE of ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS)

https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/politics/mayawati-first-to-accept-amit-shahs-challenge-for-public-debate-on-caa/ar-BBZd86i

National
Population Register (NPR) which will kick off on April 1 must be
applicable for just 0.1% intolerant, violent, militant, number one
terrorists of the world, ever shooting, mob lynching, lunatic, mentally
retarded foreigners from Bene Israel, Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern
Europe, Western Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc,
etc., chitpavan brahmins of Rowdy/Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks (RSS) plan to
establish stealth and shadowy hidutva cult chitpavan brahmins who claim
as  1st rate athmas (souls) kshatrias, vysias, shudras, as 2nd, 3rd, 4th
rate souls and aborignal SC/STs/ Religious Minorities considered as
having no souls at all so that all sorts of atrocities could be
committed on them. But the Buddha never believed in any soul. He said
all are equal on which our marvelous modern constitution is written.The
chitpavan brahmins wants no other religion or is caste exists. The
chitpavan brahmins never believe elections. Their leaders are chosen by
selection in general and by the EVMs/VVPATs in particular. The chitpavan
brahmins DNA report says that they are of foreign origin kicked out
from Bene Israel, Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe, Western
Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc, etc. They will
never register in NPR because of their DNA Origin.
Before that

https://www.gopetition.com/petitions/declare-rss-a-terrorist-organization.html

Declare
RSS (Rowdy/Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks) a Terrorist OrganizationFounded in
1925, the RSS took direct inspiration from the European fascist
movements of the 1920s-1940s, including the Nazi Party.

Today, it has metastasized into a 6 million + member uniformed and armed paramilitary.
The
RSS is responsible for acts of gross violence, including participating
in every major pogrom in independent Prabuddha Bharat.

 All
 ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS) & the US State Department
are called to declare the RSS a terrorist organization.

The RSS
is infamous for its members dressing in uniforms which strongly resemble
those worn by members of the Hitler Youth. It was founded in 1925, the
same year that the Nazi party was reformulated with Hitler as its
leader. In addition to drawing inspiration from the Nazis, the RSS
modeled itself after Mussolini’s fascist movement in Italy. In 1931, RSS
co-founder BS Moonje met Mussolini in Rome. After praising the
dictator’s fascist youth group, ONB, for its “military regeneration” of
Italian youth, Moonje wrote, “Prabuddha Bharat and particularly stealth
shadowy hindutva cult  need some such institution for the military
regeneration of the hindutvaites.” He claimed that “the idea of fascism
vividly brings out the conception of unity amongst people” and declared:
“Our institution of Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh of Nagpur under Dr
Hedgewar is of this kind.”

The longest-serving RSS chief, M.S.
Golwalkar, called it treason for an Prabuddha Bharatian to convert away
from stealth shadowy hindutva cult  or refuse to “glorify the hindutva
 race and nation.” In 1939, he also wrote glowingly in support of Nazi
racial policy: “To keep up the purity of the race and its culture,
Germany shocked the world by her purging the country of the Semitic
races — the Jews. Race pride at its highest has been manifested here.”
He
called this “a good lesson for us in Prabuddha Bharat  to learn and
profit by.” In its June 2019 report, the United States Commission on
International Religious Freedom warned that the RSS’s agenda “to
alienate non-hindutvaites or All  ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES
including SC/STs/Religious Minorities/OBCs  is a significant contributor
to the rise of religious violence and persecution.

”
The RSS has been repeatedly accused of instigating violence. It has
been banned several times, the first time following the assassination of
M.K. Gandhi by a former RSS member naturam godse. In 2002, Human Rights
Watch named the RSS and its subsidiaries as the groups responsible for
an anti-Muslim pogrom that killed 2,000 in the state of Gujarat. In
2012, Swami Aseemanand, a full-time RSS worker, confessed to
orchestrating several terrorist bombings which claimed hundreds of lives
from 2006 to 2008. Many other instances of bombings, assassinations,
and pogroms have been laid at the feet of the RSS. The RSS (including
its many subsidiaries) has been linked to many other major incidents of
anti-minority violence all across India. These include the 1947 Jammu
Massacre (20,000+ Muslims killed) and the 1969 Gujarat Riots (400+
Muslims killed) — both of which occurred shortly after visit by
Golwalkar. Later came the 1970 Bhiwandi Riots in Maharashtra (190+
Muslims killed), the 1983 Nellie Massacre in Assam (2,200+ Bengali
Muslims killed), the 1984 Sikh Genocide in Delhi (3,000+ Sikhs killed),
the 1985 Gujarat Riots (hundreds of Muslims killed), the 1987 Meerut
Riots in Uttar Pradesh (hundreds of Muslims killed), the 1989 Bhagalpur
Riots in Bihar (900+ Muslims killed), the 1992 nationwide riots
following the Babri Mosque destruction (2,000+ Muslims killed), the 2002
Gujarat Pogrom (2,000+ Muslims killed), the 2008 Odisha Pogrom (100+
Christians killed), and countless other smaller-scale incidents. All
 ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES is  called on to register  the foreigners
( Rowdy/Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks (RSS)  chitpavan brahmins a National
Population Register (NPR) which will kick off on April 1 must be
applicable and also “Foreign Terrorist Organization” designation with
due haste.

https://hinduismtruthexposed.wordpress.com/2016/02/10/american-scientist-proves-brahmins-are-foreigners/
Hindutva Exposed
American
Scientist Proves Brahmins are ForeignersA scientific research has
concluded after extensive study of DNAs of various castes in India that
brahmins in general and the chitpavan brahmins in particular are in fact
foreigner to the country they have been ruling for thousands of years.
This three-part article will bring out some of the interesting facts. It
is written by Prof. Vilas Kharat, Director, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Research Centre, New Delhi. – EditorMichael Bamshad has published his
DNA report in ‘Human Genome’ in 2001 at an international level. Due to
this DNA report it is proved scientifically that the brahmins are
foreigners in India but brahmins are completely silent on this issue.
However; Mulnivasi Bahujan peoples must be aware of this report. The
World has now approved this fact that the brahmins are foreigners in
Prabuddha Bharat. The brahmins have enslaved all aboriginals by creating
ignorance among them. However; now brahmins can’t hide this fact that
they are the foreigners because this fact is now highlighted all over
the World. A well known scientist of Utah University named Michael
Bamshad has tremendously indebted the entire native aboriginals by
publishing this report at an international level. Michael Bamshad is a
famous American scientist and he is the head of a famous research centre
in America. He is the head of the head of Department of Pediatrics,
Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, 15 North 2030 East, Room no. 2100,
USA – 1999-2005. He is also the head of Department of Pediatrics,
University of Utah, and Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA – 2001-2004. He
has a deep study in human genetics. Along with the DNA study on Indians,
he has also done his research on six different important topics.Being
young and brilliant, Michael Bamshad was came to India to complete his
DNA research on the peoples here and presented very surprising findings
in front of the World.After staying for about half decade in India, he
has done a tremendous work of finding the genetic origin of Indians. The
title of his report is – “Genetic evidence on the Origins of Indian
Caste Population”. He presented this scientific report on origin of the
Indians castes in 2001 in front of the World and the World too,
acclaimed his grand work. The brahmin- baniya media of India however
tried to hide this report from the general peoples so as to keep them
ignorant from this surprising report. With the help of the genetic
science, Indians also wanted to know as how Brahmins created the castes
and how they divided the majority of Indians into 6000 different castes
and how they ruled on them instead of being in minority? Not a single
Indian media tried to highlight this matter in front of the peoples.
However, the nationwide organization of BAMCEF created awareness all
over the country. RSS and its allied other chitpavan brahmanical
organizations tried to divert this issue unsuccessfully. One of their
cunning tactics is to kill the issue by neglecting it. The brahmins in
Prabuddha Bharat didn’t discuss a single word on this issue. They
attempted to kill this sensitive issue by neglecting it. However; they
couldn’t succeed in it because the nationwide organizations of BAMCEF
 had done a continuous nationwide awareness campaign on this matter.
Now, we have decided to hand over this report directly to the public.
This scientific research would improve their thinking on this
reality.There are many interesting facts in the report of Michael
Bamshad along with some scientific terms. The Prabuddha Bharatians
should try to understand those terms very clearly. DNA can be divided
into 4 different types: (1) Nuclear DNA, (2) Mitochondrial DNA, (3) X
Chromosomal DNA and (4) Y Chromosomal DNA.In case of the nuclear DNA,
the DNA of parents is inherited into their offspring. The report of this
DNA only is held significant in the court cases. The court case of Mr.
N. D. Tiwari was solved by the respective court on this basis only and
he was found guilty. We must know about the mitochondrial DNA too. At
the time of origin of human beings, the regional DNA gets codified into
that DNA. On this basis only, they found similarity in DNA of all the
aboriginal Indians divided into 6000 different castes. Not even this but
they also found matching of DNA of the converted peoples with those
different caste peoples. The DNA of 85% aboriginal Prabuddha Bharatians
didn’t matched that with the minority of the brahmins, Kshatriyas and
Vaishyas. However; DNA of the brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaishyas matched
completely among their own peoples. It does mean that, the DNA of 1750
castes belonging to the Scheduled Castes, of 750 castes among the
Scheduled Tribes and about 5000 Castes among the Other Backward Castes
didn’t matched that with the brahmins at all. Thus, this DNA report
proclaims that, the higher Castes (i.e. the Brahmins, Kshatriyas and
Vaishyas) are not the original residents of India but they are the
foreigners. Michael Bamshad is a famous international personality. He
had written a letter legally to the Indian Government seeking for
permission to do DNA research in India. The Indian Government had given
him permission too. He had done his research in the Defense Research
Development Organization (DRDO), Hyderabad. The Indian Government had
given him not only permission to do his research but also given a team
with him. Michael Bamshad himself was associated with the group of 18
scientists. Along with 6 Indian Universities, 7 American scientific
organizations were also involved in this research.

https://notablebrahmins.wordpress.com/2016/01/28/brahmins-are-terrorists/

Notable brahmins in general and chitpavan brahmins in particular

Chitpavan
brahmins are ‘Terrorists’ January 28, 2016 by patriot Prabuddha
bharatians Prof. Vilas Kharat for Beyond Headlines A scientific research
has concluded after extensive study of DNAs of various castes in India
that Brahmins are in fact foreigner to the country they have been ruling
for thousands of years. This three-part article will bring out some of
the interesting facts. It is written by Prof. Vilas Kharat, Director,
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Research Centre, New Delhi. – Editor

The
brahmins misused their Brains as like the Prostitutes. The brahmins are
the foreigners in India. There are thousands of evidences in Rig- Veda.
In Rig- Veda, Indra is called as ‘Purandara’ means one who destroys the
cities (Puras). There are many hymns (slokas) in the Rig- Veda depicting
how Brahmins had attacked on the aboriginal Indians by different
cunning tactics. A Rig- Veda is the basic evidence of the Brahmins
cunningness. Many evidences of the Brahmins being foreigners as well as
the foreign invaders in India are seen in Rig- Veda. The brahmins are
invaders; the Rig- Veda also gives evidences that they are very cruel
and uncivilized peoples.After reading the Rig- Veda, I came to my honest
opinion that, only Brahmins are the true terrorists in the World! If
anyone would write the history of terrorism in the World, then, he would
be needed to start writing it from the events recorded in the Rig-
Veda. In the 10th Mandala of Rig- Veda, the Varna system supportive bunk
that is Purush-Sukta is written- at which time actually it was written?
The brahmins killed numerous aboriginal Naga peoples of India. After
that, in order to prevent the future generations of these Nagas from
raising their heads again, the Purush-sukta is attached to Rig- Veda by
the brahmins in later times to maintain their supremacy. In that sukta,
they told an imaginary story that, the upper three Varna’s of brahmin,
Kshatriya and Vaishyas are born from the upper parts of the Brahma and
so by excluding the Shudras, they allotted all the special powers to the
upper classes only. They named these upper three Varnas as “Dvij”. Dvij
means a twice born upper caste Eurasian. One natural birth through the
womb of his mother and another birth mean the authority of the Upanayana
ceremony. The brahmins another philosophy is that, they are born
through the mouth of the Brahma; hence, the brahmins are the great.
Rashtrapita Jotirao Phule had exposed this Brahma-conspiracy
(Brahma-Ghotala) for the first time. According to this philosophy, the
brahmins are born through the mouth of the Brahma; hence, brahmins are
the great but are present brahmins giving birth to their children from
their mouth instead of giving natural births from their pregnant women?
Does any brahmin get pregnant through his mouth? If this could be proved
by any Brahmin then we will accept their greatness. For what the
Brahmins are great? The brahmins are so much cunning, heretics and
lowest peoples that we won’t be able to find such a lowest being in the
other parts of the World. Those cunning, heretic and lowly peoples used
their Brains as like the prostitutes! These Brahmins only had created
the Varna system and made the aboriginal Indians powerless by declaring
them as the Shudras and then divided these Shudras into 6 thousand
different castes in the later times. They separated one class among
those Shudras and declared them as the untouchables. The Brahmins also
created the criminal tribes and the Nomadic tribes. They also enslaved
the women and allotted them the status lower than that of the
Shudra-Atishudras. That’s why; Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar had used a special
term for them in the following words that “The Brahmins have used their
brains as like prostitutes”!The Brahmins own opinions stating that they
are the foreigners. During the British rule, some foreign thinkers like
Rhode, Schlegal Patti, Jacob, Lassen, Max Muller, Schleccher, Mommsen,
Monier Williams had stated that, the Brahmins are not of an Indian
origin and their origin is in Central Asia. Bal (Keshav) Gangadhar
Tilak, a chief terrorist among the Brahmins had written a book named
“The Arctic Home in the Vedas”. At his time, it was generally accepted
that the Brahmins are foreigners in India but there were different
opinions regarding from where did they come? According to Tilak,
brahmins came from the North Arctic region, however; some other thinkers
said that, they came from Siberia, Tibet, Africa, Eastern Europe,
Western Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary, etc, etc. When
the British were calling Brahmins as the foreigners in India, then,
Brahmins, too, were accepting their opinions gladly. A reason behind
this was that, it was a true fact but the other practical reason was
that, Brahmins were suggesting to the British that, as like you, we too,
are the foreigners in India; so, together we both would rule on these
aboriginal Prabuddha Bharatians.(1) In Manusmriti, there is one hymn
(sloka), which proves that the brahmins are the foreigners. Manusmriti
hymn no. ||24||Meaning: “brahmins are originated in another country.
(brahmins are the Dvijas born in a foreign land). The brahmins should
live forcefully in this country!”(2) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Arctic Home in
the Vedas):- “My effort is limited to the Vedic literature only. In the
Vedas, there are some events which are secreted and hence, become
difficult to understand. If we would study them with the help of the
modern science, then, we would come to the conclusion that the ancestors
of the Vedic Aryans were residing in the region of Northern Arctic land
at the end of an Ice Age”.(3) Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’s chief guest
speech in 39th convocation of Congress which was published in “Aaj”
newspaper on 27th December 1924.On ‘Un-touchability’ with courtesy:-“One
more obstacle, which is on the way to Swarajya is un-touchability and
peoples can’t make a demand for their Swarajya or can get it, until they
don’t give freedom to their SC/ST brothers. By drowning them, they have
drowned their own ship. Now a day, the British invaders are treating us
badly more or less similar to the invaders of the Aryan caste peoples
who had treated the aboriginals of Hindustan”.(4) Pandit Javaharlal
Nehru: – Nehru had written a letter to his daughter Indira Gandhi in the
form a book whose title is “A letter from father to his daughter”. In
this letter, Nehru had clearly written that, Brahmins are the foreigners
and they have destroyed the Indus civilization by attacking on it.“Come
and let us see what happened in Prabuddha Bharat. We have seen before
that in ancient days, India possessed its own culture and civilization
as Egypt. Those who inhabited it at that time were known as Dravidians.
Their descendants are today living around about Madras. The Aryans
invaded these Dravidians from the North. Surely, these Aryans must have
been a big force in Central Asia, who had to go and live in other
countries for want of food.”(5) In his book “Bharat Varsh ka Itihas”,
Lala Lajpatrai had clearly written on page no. 21 -22 that, Brahmins are
the foreigners.(6) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Bharat Varsh ka Itihas, Page
no. 87-89. Writer- Mishra Bandhu)(7) Pandit Shyambihari Mishra, M.A.,
M.R.A.S. and Pandit Sukhdev Bihari Mishra, M.A., M.R.A.S. in their book
‘Bharat Varsh ka Itihas, Part-1, Page no. 62-63)(8) In a monthly
magazine of ‘Madhuri’ published by Pandit Janardan Bhatt; in which, an
article published in 1925- ‘Bhartiya puratatva ki nayi khoj’ (page no.
27-29)(9) Shri Pandit Gangaprasad, M.R.A.S., Deputy Collector, U.P. and
Ex. Professor of Merath College written boo ‘Jati Bedi’ (Page no.
27-30)(10) ‘Ravindra Darshan’ written on Ravindranath Tagore by Sukh
Sanpatri Bhandari (Page no. 81-82)(11) ‘Bhartiya Lipitatva’ (Page no.
47-51) written by Nagendranath Basu, M.A., M.R.A.S.(12) The famous
Rigveda translator, Rameshchandra Dutta written ‘Prachin Bharatvarsh ki
Sabhyata ka Itihas, Part-1’ (Page no. 17-19)(13) Hindi writer Mahavir
Dvivedi written ‘Hindi Bhasha ki Uttpati’(14) Babu Shyam Sundar, B.A.,
Secretary of Kashinagari Pracharani Sabha and Editor of Hindi Shabda
Sagar Kosh, Professor of Banaras Hindu University written book- ‘Hindi
Bhasha ka Vikas’ (Page no. 3-7)(15) Pandit Laxminarayan Garde, B.A.,
Editor of ‘Shrikrushna Sandesh’ (On the page no. 8-9 and on 29 of book
‘Hindutva’ written by him)(16) Pandit Jagannath Pancholi Gaud written
book- ‘Aryon ka adim nivas’(17) Rai Bahadur Chintamani Vinayak Vaidya,
M.A., LL.B., written book- ‘Mahabharat Mimansa’(18) Swami Satyadevji
Paribhrajak written book- ‘Jati Shiksha’ ( Page no. 8 and 9)(19)
Ramanand Chatterjee, chief guest of the 29th Conference of Akhil
Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha and Editor of ‘Modern Review’. He said in his
chief guest speech that, Brahmins are the foreigners.(20) Acharya
Prafulla Chandra Rai’s article published in daily news paper “Aaj” on 29
th November 1926.(21) Editor of ‘Desh-Bhakt’ (Page no. 29th February
1924)(22) Yogeshchandra Pal’s monthly news paper ‘Premache Vrindavan’
published in May 1927. Page no. 136-143.(23) The first Backward
Commission was established under the head of Kaka Kalelkar in which he
had admitted that, brahmins are the foreigners. Not even this but he had
proudly written that, as like the British we are also the foreigners in
IPrabuddha Bharat- “This is a general tendency of peoples of this
country to live under the influence of powerful peoples to safeguard
their lives and to make their living happy and protected. During that
period only, peoples of this country had accepted the supremacy of the
brahmins and their Sanskrit language. In the later times, when the
rulers changed, they accepted the supremacy of the Arabians and
Persians. After that, the British came and all peoples accepted their
supremacy happily.If we want to give some old name to these peoples, who
have a power to keep the masses under their control, then, we can call
them as Brahmins. During the British rule, those who were calling them
as the Brahmins were the British them self. They were claiming
themselves that, “We are the brahmins today”.In the Swarajya too, these
brahmins are the only rulers, whether they might be of any caste or any
religion or any country. Politics is under the control of brahmins only.
Educational system is in their hands and the Media which controls the
masses is also in their hands.” (Referance: Adhunik Bharat ke Nirmata:-
Kakasaheb Kalelkar, Writer- Ravindra Kelekar, Page no. 594-95,
Publishing Department, Information and Technology Ministry, Government
of India)The British were saying that, ‘We are the Brahmins today’. It
clearly means that, as like Brahmins we are the foreigners in India.
However; Kalelkar shamelessly said that the present so called
Independence belongs to the foreigner Brahmins only!(24) P. V. Kane: –
History of the religious texts.(25) Radhakumud Mukherjee: – Hindu
Sabhyata- Page no. 41 and 47- “The chief history of India starts with an
entry of the Aryans”. In reality, it’s not a true history and there is
no entry of the Aryans but there is invasion of the Aryans in India!(26)
D. D. Kosambi: Prachin Bharat ki Sanskruti aur Sabhyata- Kosambi also
states that, Brahmins destroyed the Indus Civilization.(27) Rahul
Sanskrutyayan: Volga to Ganga(28) Jayadev Dikshit and Pratap Joshi
(IPS), these Koksnastha Brahmins also gives their opinions that,
brahmins are the foreigners. After the disclosure of DNA research report
(2001), Joshi had written a book named ‘Greek Origins of the Kokanastha
Chitpavans’. In fact, it was Joshi’s reaction after disclosure of the
detailed postal address of brahmins by Michael Bamshad. For one thing we
are thankful to Joshi that, he at least accepted that Brahmins are the
foreigners in India! Finally, what remains is that, the Kobra Brahmins
tried to connect their relations with the Greek civilization which is
just a shameless attempt! The brahmins are trying to show their
relations with the Greek civilization only to give greatness to their
immorality, drunkennness and open sexuality. In reality, there is no
truth in their claims!(29) N. G. Chaphekar- This ‘chitpavan’ brahmin has
given his different opinions in his article of ‘from where did
Chitpavanas came?’ A common conclusion of all these statements is that,
Brahmins came to this country from outside. On page no. 295, he has
included some opinions of K. R. Joshi which are given as it
is.“Regarding from where did Kokanastha come, my thinking is that, they
might have come from the costal route of Sindh-Kathewad-Gujarath to
Kulaba and Ratnagiri and then settled in these districts. Reasons:- If
we would think through the linguistic point of view, we will find an
extensive similarity between the old language of the Kokanastha and
Gujarathi language; e.g. Ke Se (in Chitpavan language), meaning ‘where
are you’ becomes Kya Che (in Gujarathi); Ghodo for horse, Kutro for Dog
in Chitpavan language becomes Dhodo for horse, Kutiya for Dog in
Gujarathi. Some old Chitpavan peoples talk their old Chitpavan language
words with nasal tone as like the Hindu peoples of the Sindh. The
chitpavan peoples are less united since their tribes descended slowly
from the North to south and due to the long interval between these
tribes, the successive tribes couldn’t get mixed with their earlier
tribes. (K. R. Joshi, Jalgaon)”(30) V. K. Rajwade: – He also said
proudly that, brahmins are the foreigners.(31) Swami Dayanand Saraswati:
– He also had stated that, Brahmins are the foreigners.(32) By taking
‘separate conferences of the brahmins’ the present brahmins also proved
the fact that they are the foreigners.Now, I think these evidences are
sufficient to prove that the Brahmins are foreigners in Prabuddha
Bharat.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitpavan

Peshwa from the Bhat family of Balaji Vishwanath
Bene
Israel Jews of Raigad districtIndian scholar Ramakrishna Gopal
Bhandarkar has shown similarity between names of chitpavan brahmins and
the geographical sites in Palestine.Balaji Vishwanth BhatBalaji Baji Rao
Chitpavan
brahmin community included Dhondo Keshav Karve, Justice Mahadev Govind
Ranade,Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar,Vinoba Bhave.The
chitpavan brahmin community includes two major politicians in the
Gandhian tradition: Gopal Krishna Gokhale, whom Gandhi acknowledged as a
preceptor, and Vinoba Bhave, one of his outstanding disciples. Gandhi
describes Bhave as the “jewel of his disciples”, and recognised Gokhale
as his political guru.

Vinayak
Damodar Savarkar, the founder of the Stealth Shadowy political ideology
hindutva cult, was a chitpavan brahmin and several other chitpavans
were among the first to embrace it because they thought it was a logical
extension of the legacy of the Peshwas and caste-fellow Tilak. These
Chitpavans felt out of place with the Indian social reform movement of
Phule and the mass politics of Gandhi. Large numbers of the community
looked to Savarkar, the Hindu Mahasabha and finally the RSS. , drew
their inspiration from fringe groups in this reactionary trend.
After
Gandhi’s assassination by nathuram godse, a chitpawan, brahmins in
Maharashtra, became targets of violence, mostly by members from the
Maratha caste. The motivating factor for the violence was not love for
Gandhi on the part of the rioters but the denigration and humiliation
that the Marathas were subjected to due to their caste status.
Notable people
 Peshwa
Balaji Vishwanath and his descendants, Bajirao I, Chimaji Appa, Balaji
Bajirao, Raghunathrao, Sadashivrao Bhau, Madhavrao I, Narayanrao,
Madhavrao II, and Bajirao II Nana Fadnavis (1742 - 1800), regent to
Madhavrao II[64] The Patwardhans - military leaders under the Peshwa[65]
and later rulers of various princely states Balaji Pant Natu - spied
for the British against the Peshwa era Maratha Empire and raised the
Union Jack over Shaniwar Wada.Lokhitwadi (Gopal Hari Deshmukh)
(1823-1892)- social reformer[68][69] Nana Sahib (1824 – 1859) - adopted
heir of the deposed Peshwa Bajirao II and one of the main leaders of the
Indian Rebellion of 1857 Mahadev Govind Ranade (1842–1901)[33] - judge
and social reformer. Given the title of Rao Bahadur. Vishnushastri
Krushnashastri Chiplunkar (1850 – 1882)- essayist, editor of Nibandha
Mala, a Marathi journal, educator, mentor to Bal Gangadhar Tilak and
Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, founder of the Chitrashala press Vasudev Balwant
Phadke (1845 – 1883) - a petty government clerk in Pune who led an armed
rebellion against the British. Later an Educator.Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(1856 – 1920) -Educator, Writer and Early Nationalist Leader with
widespread appeal. Described by British colonial administration as the
“Father of Indian Unrest”Gopal Ganesh Agarkar (1856 – June
1895).journalist, educator and social reformer Keshavsut (Krishnaji
Keshav Damle) (15 March 1866 – 7 November 1905) -Marathi language poet
Dhondo Keshav Karve(1858 – 1962)- Social reformer and advocate of
women’s education Anandibai Joshi (1865 – 1887) - First Indian woman to
get a medical degree from a university in the west - Woman’s Medical
College of Pennsylvania - in 1886Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1866 – 1915) -
Early Nationalist leader on the moderate wing of the Congress party
Chapekar brothers (1873-1899),(1879-1899) - Brothers who assassinated
British plague commissioner Walter Rand for his heavy handed approach to
plague relief in Pune in 1897Gangadhar Nilkanth Sahasrabuddhe, a social
reformer, who, along with two other reformers- Chairman Surendranath
Tipnis of the Mahad Municipality and A.V.Chitre, helped Ambedkar during
the Mahad Satyagraha.[81][82][83] Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar (1872 –
1947)- Writer, Journalist, Nationalist leader. Served on the Viceroy’s
Executive Council (1924–29). Ganesh Damodar Savarkar (1879 – 1945),
founder of Abhinav Bharat Society, Independence activist and brother of
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar,[34][85] (28 May 1883
– 26 February 1966) Freedom fighter, social reformer and Formulator of
the Hindutva philosophy. Popularly known as Veer Savarkar (”Brave”
Savarkar). Senapati Bapat (12 November 1880 – 28 November 1967) -
Prominent Indian freedom fighter who acquired title of Senapati meaning
Commander.Dadasaheb Phalke- (30 April 1870 – 16 February 1944) Pioneer
of Indian film industry Krushnaji Prabhakar Khadilkar-(25 November 1872 –
26 August 1948) Editor of Kesari and Navakal[89][full citation needed]
Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande (1860 – 1936) - eminent maestro of Hindustani
classical music[90] Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade (1863–1926) -
Historian[91] Anant Laxman Kanhere (1891-1910) - Indian nationalist and
revolutionary, hanged for the murder of British Collector of Nashik, A.
M. T. Jackson in 1910[a] Vinoba Bhave-(1895 – 1982), Gandhian leader and
freedom fighter Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre (1896 – 1981) - Poet and
writer in Kannada language. Winner of the Jnanpith Award[96] Narhar
Vishnu Gadgil-(10 January 1896 – 12 January 1966) Congress leader and
Member of Nehru’s cabinet Irawati Karve - (1905 – 1970), anthropologist
nathuram godse- (19 May 1910 – 15 November 1949) Mahatma Gandhi’s
assassin[99] Narayan Apte (1911 - 1949) - co-conspirator in the
assassination of Gandhi.Gopal Godse (1919 – 2005) - co-conspirator in
the assassination of Gandhi and Nathuram Godse’s younger brother.[100]
Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920 - 2003) was an Indian activist
philosopher, spiritual leader, social revolutionary and religion
reformist, who founded the Swadhyaya Parivar (Swadhyaya Family) in 1954
Kashinath Ghanekar (1930 - 1986) - Marathi Actor and First superstar on
Marathi Stage.[citation needed] Vikram Gokhale (born 1947) - Indian
film, television and stage actor[citation needed] Madhuri Dixit (born
1967) - Bollywood actress[102] Prakash Madhusudan Apte - Architect and
town planner. Planned and designed the city of Gandhinagar, capital city
of Gujarat.
Therefore
first they must be subjected to National Population Register (NPR)
which will kick off on April 1 must be applicable for just 0.1%
intolerant, violent, militant, number one terrorists of the world, ever
shooting, mob lynching, lunatic, mentally retarded foreigners from Bene
Israel, chitpavan brahmins of Rowdy/Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks (RSS) plan to
establish stealth and shadowy hidutva cult chitpavan brahmins will be
1st rate athmas (souls) kshatrias, vysias, shudras, will be 2nd, 3rd,
4th rate souls and aborignal SC/STs/ Religious Minorities considered as
having no souls at all so that all sorts of atrocities could be
committed on them. But the Buddha never believed in any soul. He said
all are equal on which our marvelous modern constitution is written.The
chitpavan brahmins wants no other religion or is caste exists. The
chitpavan brahmins never believe elections. The leaders are chosen by
selection. The chitpavan brahmins DNA report says that they are of
foreign origin kicked out from Bene Israel, Siberia, Tibet, Africa,
Eastern Europe, Western Germany, Northern Europe, South Russia, Hungary,
etc, etc. They will never register in NPR because of their DNA Origin.
With Kind Regards

Your’s Sincerly

Jagatheesan Chandraeskharan
                                                     
KUSHINARA
NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL
GOAL                                                
DO GOOD! PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT!                                  
Even a seven year old can Understand. A seventy year old must practice.


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,Classical Sanskrit ⤛āĨā¤˛ā¤¸āĨā¤¸ā¤ŋ⤚⤞āĨ ⤎⤍āĨā¤¸āĨā¤•āĨā¤°ā¤ŋ⤤āĨ, Classical Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- ā¤ļā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤āĨā¤°āĨ€ā¤¯ ā¤šā¤ŋ⤂ā¤ĻāĨ€, 40) Classical Gujarati-āĒ•āĢāǞāĒžāǏāĒŋāĒ•āǞ āĒ—ā́āǜāǰāĒžāǤāĢ€, Classical Kannada- ā˛ļā˛žā˛¸āŗā˛¤āŗā˛°āŗ€ā˛¯ ā˛•ā˛¨āŗā˛¨ā˛Ą,
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Trump Card - Discuss Paper Ballots first. CAA, NRC issues next with Murderer of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to win elections. in Classical Gujarati-āĒ•āĢāǞāĒžāǏāĒŋāĒ•āǞ āĒ—ā́āǜāǰāĒžāǤāĢ€,Classical Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- ā¤ļā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤āĨā¤°āĨ€ā¤¯ ā¤šā¤ŋ⤂ā¤ĻāĨ€,Classical Kannada- ā˛ļā˛žā˛¸āŗā˛¤āŗā˛°āŗ€ā˛¯ ā˛•ā˛¨āŗā˛¨ā˛Ą,Classical Bengali, Classical Malayalam-ā´•āĩā´˛ā´žā´¸ā´ŋā´•āĩā´•āĩŊ ā´Žā´˛ā´¯ā´žā´ŗā´‚,
Filed under: General
Posted by: site admin @ 5:07 pm

Trump Card - Discuss Paper Ballots first. CAA, NRC issues next with
Murderer of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions
(Modi) who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to
win elections.

in Classical Gujarati-āĒ•āĢāǞāĒžāǏāĒŋāĒ•āǞ āĒ—ā́āǜāǰāĒžāǤāĢ€,Classical Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- ā¤ļā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤āĨā¤°āĨ€ā¤¯ ā¤šā¤ŋ⤂ā¤ĻāĨ€,Classical Kannada- ā˛ļā˛žā˛¸āŗā˛¤āŗā˛°āŗ€ā˛¯ ā˛•ā˛¨āŗā˛¨ā˛Ą,Classical Bengali, Classical Malayalam-ā´•āĩā´˛ā´žā´¸ā´ŋā´•āĩā´•āĩŊ ā´Žā´˛ā´¯ā´žā´ŗā´‚,




LESSON  3284 Mon 24 Feb 2020

Free Online NIBBANA TRAINING

from

KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA -PATH TO ATTAIN PEACE and ETERNAL BLISS AS FINAL GOAL


VOICE of ALL ABORIGINAL AWAKENED SOCIETIES (VoAAAS)

Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)


All Aboriginal  Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch)


Classical Sindhi,
Classical Sindhi
ØŦ؊ ØˇØąŲØŒ
Ø¯ØąŲˆŲ†ÚŠ ÚŠØ§Ų„ÚŠ ŲŊØąŲ…Ųž
ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ ØŦ؊ Ų‡ÚĒ ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲ† Ø¯Ų†ŲŠØ§ ØŦ؈ ØĩØ¯Øą اڃا ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ ØŦ؊ Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲžŲŠŲžØą Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ ÚĒŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

Ø°ŲŠŲ„ŲŠ:
ŲŊØąØ§Ųž ÚĒØ§ØąÚŠ - ŲˆŲ†ÚŠ Ú¯ØąØ§ŲŲŠ ØŦ؈ ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲˆŲ† ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨. ØŗŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ† Ø§ŲŠØŒ ØŦŲ…Ų‡ŲˆØąŲŠ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ† ØŦ؊ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ÛŊ
Ų…Ø§ØŗŲŊØą Ų…Ų„Ų‡Ø§ØĻÚģ ŲˆØ§ØąØ§ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ† (Ų…ŲˆØ¯ŲŠ) ØŦ؊ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ØŗØ§Ų† Ø§ŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ú™ Ø§ŲŠŲ† ØĸØą ØŗŲŠ Ų…ØŗØĻŲ„Ų† ØŦ؈
Ø§Ų†ØĒ؎اب ÚĒŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ ÚĒØ§Ų…ŲŠØ§Ø¨ Ųŋ؊Úģ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲØąØ§ÚŠ Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ… ÚŠŲŠ / ؈؊ ؈؊ ŲžŲŠŲŊ ØŦ؊ Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ Ų…Ø§ØŗŲŊØą ÚĒ؊ÚĒ
ÚŠŲŠ Ú¯ŲˆØ¨Ų„ ÚĒ؊؈.

ڇا ØĒŲˆŲ‡Ø§Ų† ØŗØ¯Ø§ØĻŲŠŲ† ØŽŲˆØ´ ŲŋŲŠØŒ Ú†ÚąŲŠ ØˇØąØ­ ÛŊ Ų…Ø­ŲŲˆØ¸ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ! ØĒŲˆŲ‡Ø§Ų† ØŗØ¯Ø§ØĻŲŠŲ† ØąŲ‡Ų†Ø¯Ø§ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠŲˆ!
ڇا ØĒŲˆŲ† ØŽØ§Ų…ŲˆØ´ ŲŋŲŠØŒ ØŽØ§Ų…ŲˆØ´ØŒ ØŽØ¨ØąØ¯Ø§ØąŲŠØŒ ØŗŲ…ØŦÚžØ¯Ø§Øą ÛŊ Ų…ØŗØ§ŲˆØ§ØĒ ØŗØ§Ų† ÚžÚĒÚ™ŲŠ ØŗŲ…ØŦÚž ØŗØ§Ų† ØŗŲ…ØŦÚžŲˆØŒ ØŦ؊ÚĒØ§ ÚžØą Ø´ŲŠØĄ Ø¨Ø¯Ų„Ø§ØĻ؊ Ųŋ؊.

Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ
99.9ŲĒ ØŗÚ€Ų†ŲŠ ØŗŲ…ŲˆØąŲ† Ø¨ŲŠØ¯Ø§ØąØ§Ų†Ų‡ ØĒŲ†Ø¸ŲŠŲ…Ų† ØŗŲ…ŲŠØĒ ØŦ؊ Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠŲ… Ø§ŲŠØŗ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ /
Ø§ŲŠØŗ ØŗŲŠ / Ø§Ųˆ Ø§Ųˆ Ø¨ŲŠ ØŗŲŠ / Ų…Ø°Ų‡Ø¨ŲŠ Ø§Ų‚Ų„ŲŠØĒŲ† ÛŊ Ø§Ų† ÚŠØ§Ų† ØŗŲˆØ§ØĄ ØēŲŠØą چØĒŲģŲ† Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų† ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊
ØĒŲˆŲ‡Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ ØŗŲē؊ Ų†ŲØŗ Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲˆŲ† ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲ† ÛŊ ØŗŲŠ Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŒ Ø§ŲŠŲ† ØĸØą ØŗŲŠ Ų…ØŗØĻŲ„Ų† Ûž ŲžØ¨Ų„ÚĒ Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ
Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ ÚĒØąÚģ ØĒ؊ بحØĢ ÚĒØąÚģ Ú¯Ų‡ØąØŦŲ†. ، ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØŒ Ø¨ØąØ§Ø¨ØąŲŠ ÛŊ ŲØąŲŋŲ†ŲŠØĒ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ØŗÚ€Ų†ŲŠ ØŗŲ…ŲˆØąŲ†
ØŦØ¯ŲŠØ¯ ØŦØ¯ŲŠØ¯ اØĻŲŠŲ† ØŗÚ€Ų†ŲŠ Ų…ØšØ§Ø´ØąŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ú€Ų„Ø§ØĻŲŠØŒ ØŽŲˆØ´Ø­Ø§Ų„ŲŠ ÛŊ Ø§Ų…Ų† Ų„Ø§ØĄ ØĒŲŠØ§Øą ÚĒ؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

Ø¨ŲŠ
Ø§ŲŠØŗ ŲžŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø§ØĻ؊ Ų…ØĻŲŠØ§ØĻ؊ŲŊ؈ ØŗŲžØąŲˆŲˆ ÛŊ ŲŠŲˆŲžŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ú†Ø§Øą Ú€ŲŠØąØ§ اÚĒŲŠŲ„Ųˆ اÚĒŲŠŲ„Ųˆ ذاØĒ ØŦ؊ ذاØĒ
ŲžØŗŲ†Ø¯ØŒ ØŗØ§Ų…ØąØ§ØŦ؊ ÛŊ ŲžØąŲˆ ØŗØąŲ…Ø§ØĻŲŠØ¯Ø§Øą Ų…Ų„ÚĒ ÚŠŲŠ Ú€Ø§ØŗØŗŲŊ ØąØ§Ú„ ØŦ؊ ÚĒÚ†ØąŲ† ÚŠØ§Ų† Ų…Ų„ÚĒ ÚŠŲŠ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯
ÚĒØąÚģ Ų„Ø§ØĄ Ú†ŲŠŲ„ŲŠŲ†ØŦ، ØŗØ§Ų…ØąØ§ØŦ؊ ÛŊ ŲžØąŲˆŲžØĻØŗŲŊØŗŲŊŲŠØąŲŊ ÚŠŲŠ Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ÚŲŠØĻ؊ Ú†Ú™Ų‡ŲŠ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠ Ųŋ؈.

Ų…ØŗŲ„ØŗŲ„
ØŦØ¯ŲˆØŦŲ‡Ø¯ ÛŊ Ø¨ŲŠ ØŦØ§Ų†Ø¨Ø¯Ø§Øą Ų‚ØąØ¨Ø§Ų†ŲŠØŒ Ø¨Ø§Ø¨Ø§Ø´ŲŠØ¨ ڊاÚĒŲŊØą Ø¨ŲŠŲ…ŲŠŲ†ŲŠŲ…Ųˆ Ø§Ų…Ø¯ŲŠØąÚĒØ§Øą ØŦ؊ Ø¨Ų†ŲŠØ§Ø¯ ØĒ؊
Ų…Ų‚ØąØą ÚĒŲŠŲ„ Ų‚Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŠØŒ Ø´Ø§Ú¯ØąØ¯Ų† ØŦ؊ ØĸØ¨Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØŒ ŲģŲŠŲˆŲ† ŲžØŗ Ų…Ų†Ø¸Øą ØˇØ¨Ų‚Ų† ÛŊ Ų…Ø°Ų‡Ø¨ŲŠ Ø§Ų‚Ų„ŲŠØĒŲ†ØŒ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų†
ØŦ؊ ØĸØĻŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ ØļŲ…Ø§Ų†ØĒ ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø­Ų‚ Ų…Ø­ŲŲˆØ¸ ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦ؊ Ų‚Ø§Ø¨Ų„ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. ŲžØą ذاØĒ ŲžØ°ŲŠØą
Ø­ÚĒŲˆŲ…ØĒŲ† ØŦ؊ Ø¨Ų†ŲŠØ§Ø¯Ų† ØĒ؊ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† ØŦ؊ ŲØ§ØĻØ¯ŲŠ ÚŠŲŠ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† Ø­Ų‚Ų† ØĒ؊ ØšŲ…Ų„ Ų†Ų‡ ÚĒ؊؈
ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ų†ØĒ؊ØŦ؊ ØˇŲˆØąØŒ ØĸØĻŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ Ø­Ø¯Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø¨Ø§ŲˆØŦŲˆØ¯ØŒ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒŲŠØŒ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ ØŗŲ…Ø§ØŦ؊ Ø§Ųˆ
Ø§Ų‚ØĒØĩØ§Ø¯ŲŠ Ø­Ø§Ų„ØĒ ØŽØąØ§Ø¨ ØąŲ‡ŲŠ. Ø§Ų†Ų‡ŲŠØĄ ÚĒØąŲŠØŒ Ø¨Ø§Ø¨Ø§Ų‡ŲŠØ¨ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ú†ŲŠŲˆ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ų‡ÚĒ
ØŗŲŠØ§ØŗŲŠ ŲžŲ„ŲŠŲŊ ŲØ§ØąŲ… ÛŊ Ų‡ÚĒ Ø§ÚŗŲˆØ§Úģ؊ Ų‡ŲŠŲē Ø§ØĒحاد حاØĩŲ„ ÚĒØąÚģ ØĒ؊ Ø­ÚĒŲˆŲ…ØĒ ŲēØ§Ų‡ŲŠŲˆ. Ų‡Ų† Ų‡Ø¯Ø§ŲŠØĒ
۞، Ų‡Ų† ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ Ø˛Ų†Ø¯Ú¯ŲŠ ØŦ؊ ŲˆŲ‚ØĒ Ûž Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ ØŦŲ…Ų‡ŲˆØąŲŠŲ‡ ŲžØ§ØąŲŊ؊ ÚŠŲŠ Ų„Ø§Ų†Ú† ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦ؈
Ø§ØąØ§Ø¯Ųˆ ÚĒ؊؈. ŲžØą Ø´Ø§ŲŠØ¯ØŒ Ø´Ø§ŲŠØ¯ØŒ Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ų…ØšŲ„ŲˆŲ… Ų†Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ Ų‡Ųˆ Ų‡Ų† ÚŠØ§Ų† Ø§Úŗ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊
Ų…Ų†ØĩŲˆØ¨Ų† Ûž ÚĒØ§ØąŲˆØ¨Ø§Øą ØĸÚģ؊ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠ ŲŋŲˆØŒ Ų‡Ų† ÚŠØ§Ų† ØŦŲ„Ø¯ŲŠ Ų…ØąŲŠ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ. Ų‡Ųˆ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ÚĒŲ… Ų…ÚĒŲ…Ų„ Ų†Ų‡
ÚĒØąŲŠ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠŲˆ ØŦŲ†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ بؚد Ûž ÚĒ؊ØĒØąØ§ØĻŲŠŲˆØąŲˆØą ÚĒŲ†Ø´Ų…ŲŠ ØąØ§Ų… ØŗŲ‡Øą ØˇØąŲØ§Ų† Ų…ÚĒŲ…Ų„ ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈.

بی
ØŦے ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų† Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ… Ø§ŲŠŲ… ØŦ؊ ŲŊŲžŲ†Ú¯ ÚĒØąÚģ: Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ… Ø§ŲŠŲ… / ؈؊ ؈؊ ŲžŲŠŲŊØŗ اØĒØą ŲžØąØ¯ŲŠØ´ Ûž Ø¨ŲŠ
Ø§ŲŠØŗ ŲžŲŠ ÚŠŲŠ Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ڏØĻ؊ Ø¨ŲŠ ØŦ؊ ŲžŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø¯Ø¯ ÚĒØĻ؊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ų‡Ų†Ų† Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ų…ØšŲ„ŲˆŲ… ÚĒ؊؈ ØĒŲ‡ Ø¨ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ
ŲžŲŠ ؊؈ Ûž Ų…ØļØ¨ŲˆØˇ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ÛŊ ØŗŲˆÚ†Úģ Ú¯Ų‡ØąØŦ؊ ØĒŲ‡  ØŦ؊ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ŲŠŲˆŲžŲŠ Ûž Ø¨ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ŲžŲŠ ÚŠŲŠ ØŽØĒŲ…
ÚĒØąŲŠ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ŲˆŲ† Ųŋا، Ø¨ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ŲžŲŠ Ų‚Ø¯ØąØĒ؊ Ų…ŲˆØĒ ÚŠØ§Ų† Ų…ØąŲŠ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ. Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ÚĒ؊ØĻŲ† ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ø¨ŲŠ
Ø§ŲŠØŗ ŲžŲŠ ؊؈ ŲžŲŠ Ûž Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ڏØĻ؊ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ŲžŲˆØąŲŠ ØˇØ§Ų‚ØĒ ØĒ؊ ÚŒŲŠØ§Ų† ڏØĻ؊ ØąŲ‡ŲŠØ§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. Ø¨Ų‡ØąØ­Ø§Ų„ØŒ
Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ØĩØ­ŲŠØ­ ØˇØąŲŠŲ‚ŲŠ ØŗØ§Ų† Ų†Ų‡ Ųŋ؊ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠŲˆ. Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø¨ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ… Ø§ŲŠØŗ ÚŠŲŠ Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ڏØĻ؊ Ø§Ų„ŲŠÚĒŲŊØąØ§Ų†ÚĒ
؈؈ŲŊØąŲ† ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø´ŲŠŲ†Ų† (Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ…Ø˛) ÚŠŲŠ ØŽØĒŲ… ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦ؊ Ø¯ŲˆÚŠŲŠ ØˇØąŲŠŲ‚ŲŠ ØŗØ§Ų† ØąØŦŲˆØš ÚĒØąÚģ؈
ŲžŲˆŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ. Ų…Ø§ŲŠØ§ŲˆØĒ؊ ؊؈ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ØŦ؊ Ø§ØšŲ„ŲŠ Ú¯ŲˆØąŲ†Ų…ŲŠŲ†ŲŊ  ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ØšŲ„ŲŠ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ Ų…Ų„ÚĒ ØŦ؈ ŲˆØ˛ŲŠØąØ§ØšØ¸Ų…
Ø¨Ų†ŲŠŲˆ ؈؊؈. Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ú†ŲžŲ†ÚŠŲ† Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų† ØˇØąŲØ§Ų† ŲžØŗŲ†Ø¯ Ų†Ų‡ ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈ Ų‡Ųˆ ØĒŲ‡ ØŦ؊ØĻŲ† Ų…Ų„ÚĒ Ûž ÚŒŲ…ÚĒŲŠŲˆŲ†
ŲžŲŠØĒ؈ ØĸÚģÚģ ØŦ؊ ŲžŲ„Ø§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ÚŲ†ŲŠ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ. ØĒŲ†Ų‡Ų†ÚĒØąŲŠ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ø¨ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ÚŠŲŠ Ø´ÚĒØŗØĒ ÚŲŠŲ†
ŲŋŲŠŲˆŲ† ØĒŲ‡ ÚŠŲžŲŊ؊ Ø§ŲŠÚ‡ ÚŠŲŠ / ؈؊ ؈؊ ŲžŲŠŲŊ ÚŠŲŠ Ų‡Ųŋ؊ ؈ŲēŲ†ØŒ ØŦ؊ÚĒØ§ ØŦØ¯ŲŠØ¯ Ų…Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ØĸØĻŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ Ø­Ų‚ Ûž
Ų‡ØĻ؊ ØŦ؊ÚĒØ§ ØŗÚ€Ų†ŲŠ ØēØąŲŠØ¨ŲŠ Ų…ØšØ§Ø´ØąØĒ؊ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲŲ„Ø§Ø­ŲŠØŒ ØŽŲˆØ´Ø­Ø§Ų„ŲŠ ÛŊ Ø§Ų…Ų† Ų„Ø§ØĄ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

Ø¨ŲŠ ØŦ؊ ŲžŲŠ ÛŊ ÚĒŲ…ŲžŲ†ŲŠ 2014 Øš Ûž Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ… Ø§ŲŠŲ…Ø˛ ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ ÚĒ؊؈ Ų‡Ųˆ ØĒŲ‡ ØŦŲ†ØąŲ„ Ø§Ų„ŲŠÚĒØ´Ų† Ų…Ø§Úģ؊.

Ø¨ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ØŗŲˆÚ†ŲŠŲˆ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ø§ØŗÚĒŲŠŲ†ÚŠŲ„ ÛŊ Ų…Ų†ÚŠŲ„ ØŦ؊ Ø§ØŗÚĒŲŠŲ†ÚŠŲ„-Ų…Ø§ŲŠŲˆØŗ Ø­ÚĒŲ…ØąØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ ØŽŲ„Ø§Ų Ų…ŲŠŲ†ÚŠŲŠŲŊ Ų‡Ųˆ.

1. ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ú‡Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲ† Ø¯Ų†ŲŠØ§ ØŦ؊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ اڃا ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ ØŦ؊ Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲˆŲ† Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲžŲŠŲžØą Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ ÚĒØąŲŠ ØąŲ‡ŲŠØ§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†ØŸ

ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒŲ† اڃا ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲ† Ų„Ø§ØĄ ؈؈ŲŊØąŲ† Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ ØŦ؊ Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ ؈؈ŲŊ Ų†Ų‡ ÚŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ Ų‡ØĻا ÛŊ Ų†Ų‡ Ø§Ų„ŲŠÚĒŲŊØąØ§Ų†ÚĒ ŲˆŲˆŲŊØąŲ† Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ.

HIGHLIGHTS

ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊŲˆŲ† Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ ÚĒØ§ØēØ°Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ Ûž Ų…Ø­ŲŲˆØ¸ Ų…Ø­ØŗŲˆØŗ ÚĒŲ† ŲŋŲŠŲˆŲ†.
Ú‡ŲžŲŠŲ„ Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊØŗ Ø§Ų†Ų‚Ų„Ø§Ø¨ŲŠ ØŦŲ†Ú¯ ÚŠØ§Ų†ŲžŲˆØĄ ÚŠÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ûž Ø´ØąŲˆØš Ųŋ؊.
ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ûž Ø§ŲŠ-؈؈ŲŊØą ØŦ؈ ŲØ§ØąŲ… Ø§ŲŠ Ų…ŲŠŲ„ ŲŠØ§ ؁؊ÚĒØŗ Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ Ų‡ŲˆŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

Ø­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚ØĒ
۞، ØŦ؊ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ ØąŲˆØ­Ø§Ų†ŲŠØŒ ÚĒÚĒÚ™ŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ú™ ŲžŲŠØ§Øą ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ú™ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ Ø´Ų‡ØąŲŠ ÚĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ ØŗŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ
ØŦ؊ ؈؈ŲŊ ÚŲŠÚģ Ų„Ø§ØĄ Ú†Ø§Ų‡ŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ØŒ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ŲžÚģ ÚĒØąŲŠ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡Ų† Ųŋا. Ú‡Ųˆ ØĒŲ‡ 15 ØŗØ§Ų„Ų† ÚŠØ§Ų† ŲžŲˆØĄ
Ø¨Ų‡ Ø§Ų„ŲŠÚĒŲŊØąØ§Ų†ÚĒ ŲˆŲˆŲŊ ÚŠÚģÚģ ØĒ؊ بحØĢ ÚĒØąÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų† ŲžŲˆØĄØŒ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ اڃا ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲ† Ų†Ų…Ø§ØĻŲ†Ø¯Ų†
ÚŠŲŠ Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠ ÚĒØąÚģ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲžŲŠŲžØą Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ ØŗØŗŲŊŲ… Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ ÚĒØąŲŠ Ųŋ؈.

Ø§Ų…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ûž Ú‡ŲˆÚĒØąŲŠ ŲˆØ§ØąŲˆ Ø¨Ø§Ų„Ø§ Ų†Ø¸Ø§Ų… Ų…ŲˆØŦŲˆØ¯ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŸ
Ø­ŲØ§Ø¸ØĒ.
ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊŲˆŲ†
Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ ؈؈ŲŊØąŲ† ؈؈ŲŊŲ†Ú¯ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø´ŲŠŲ†Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų…Ų‚Ø§Ø¨Ų„ŲŠ Ûž ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ ØŦ؊ ŲžŲŠŲžØą Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ
ØŦ؊ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ Ûž Ų…Ø­ŲŲˆØ¸ Ų…Ø­ØŗŲˆØŗ ŲŋØĻ؊ ŲŋŲŠØŒ ØŦŲ‡Ú™ŲˆÚĒ ØŦŲ…Ų‡ŲˆØąŲŠ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ† ØŦ؈ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ØšØ§Ų… ÛŊ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ†
ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø§Ø¨ŲŠŲ† Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ† (Ų…ŲˆØ¯ŲŠ) ØŦ؈ Ų…Ø§Ų‡Øą Ų‡ŲˆØŒ ØŦ؊ÚĒ؈ Ø¨ŲŠ ØŗŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ø§Ų„ŲŠÚĒØ´Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ÚĒØ§Ų…ŲŠØ§Ø¨ŲŠ حاØĩŲ„
ÚĒØąÚģ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲØąØ§ÚŠ Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ… ÚŠŲŠ / ؈؊ ؈؊ ŲžŲŠŲŊ ØŦ؊ Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ Ų…Ø§ØŗŲŊØą ÚĒ؊ÚĒ ÚŠŲŠ Ú¯ŲˆØ¨Ų„ ÚĒ؊؈.
(Ø¨ŲŠØąŲˆÚĒ؈؁ ØŦØĒ؈ØĒ؊ Ų†ŲØŗŲŠØ§ØĒŲŠØ§ØĒ) Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ Ų‡Ų„ÚĒ؊ ÚĒŲ†ŲŊØąŲˆŲ„ ØĒ؊ ØĩØąŲ 0 ØŗŲŠÚĒÚ™ŲˆØŒ Ø§Ų†ØĒŲ‡Ø§ØĻ؊ Ø­ØąÚĒØĒ
ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ú™ØŒ Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒ Ú¯ØąØ¯ŲŠ ŲˆØ§ØąŲŠ Ų‡ÚĒ Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ØŒ Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ØŒ Ų…ŲˆØ¨Ø§ØĻŲŠŲ„ Ų„ŲŠŲ†Ú†ØŒ Ų„Ø§Ų„Ú†ØŒ Ø°Ų‡Ų†ŲŠ ØˇŲˆØą
ØĒ؊ ŲžŲēØĒŲŠØŒ Ø¨ŲŠŲŠŲ†Ø§ Ø§ŲŠØąØ§Øļ؊ ÚŠØ§Ų† ÚŒØ§ØąŲŠŲ†ØŒ ØŗØ§ØĻØ¨ØąŲŠØ§ØŒ ØĒبØĒ، ØĸŲØąŲŠÚĒØ§ØŒ Ų…Ø´ØąŲ‚ŲŠ ŲŠŲˆØąŲžØŒ Ų…ØēØąØ¨ŲŠ
ØŦØąŲ…Ų†ŲŠØŒ اØĒØą ŲŠŲˆØąŲžØŒ ڏڊÚģ ØąŲˆØŗŲŠØŒ Ų‡Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØŒ ؈ØēŲŠØąŲ‡ ؈ØēŲŠØąŲ‡.
Ų‡ÚĒ ŲŊاØĻŲŠŲ… ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊ Ų„ÚŠŲŠ Ųŋ؈
ØĒŲ‡ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ Ø§Ų„ŲŠÚĒØ´Ų† Ų…Ø¯Ø¯ ÚĒŲ…ŲŠØ´Ų† ØŦ؊ Ú†ŲŠØĻØąŲ…ŲŠŲ† ŲŊØ§Ų… Ų‡ÚŠØŗØŗ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ú†ŲˆÚģ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ “ŲžØąØ§ØĻŲ…ØąŲŠ
ØŗØ¨Ø¨Ų†” ŲžŲŠŲŊØą Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ اÚĒØĢØą ÚĒØąŲŠ ØąŲŠØ§ØŗØĒŲ† Ûž Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ ÚĒŲŠØ§ ŲˆŲŠØ§ ØĸŲ‡Ų† “ØŗŲŠÚĒŲŠŲˆØąŲŊ؊ ÛŊ ؈؈ŲŊØą
ØĒØąØŦŲŠØ­”.
ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊ Ûž ŲžÚģ Ú†ŲŠŲˆ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų„ŲŠÚĒŲŊØąÚĒ ŲˆŲˆŲŊŲ†Ú¯ Ø§Ų†ØĒŲ‡Ø§ØĻ؊ ŲžØŗŲ†Ø¯ŲŠØ¯Ų‡ Ų†Ų‡
ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ Ú‡Ųˆ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų† ØŗØ§Ų† گڏ ØŽØąÚ† Ø§Ú†ŲŠ Ųŋ؈: Ų†ŲˆŲ† ؈؈ŲŊØąŲ† ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø´ŲŠŲ†ØąŲ† ØŦ؊ ØļØąŲˆØąØĒ، Ø§Ųž Ú¯ØąŲŠÚŠØŒ
“بØŦŲ„ŲŠØĄ ØˇØąŲØ§Ų† ØĒŲ…Ø§Ų… Ú¯Ų‡Úģ؈ Ų…Ø­Ø¯ŲˆØ¯ ØĸŲ‡Ų†”.
Ų‡ÚĒ Ųģ؊ Ø¯Ų„ŲŠŲ„ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ ØŗŲŠØ§ØŗØĒØ¯Ø§Ų†
ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊ Ų†Ø§Ų…Ø˛Ø¯ ŲŋŲŠŲ„ ŲžŲŠŲžØą Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ ØąØŗŲ… Ø§Ų„ØŽØˇ ØĒ؊ Ø§ŲŠ ؈؈ŲŊ ÚŲŠÚģ ØŦ؊ Ų„Ø§ØĄ Ų†Ų‡ Ų‡ŲˆŲ†Ø¯Ø§ Ų‡ØĻا، ØŦŲ†
ÚŠŲŠ “ØĸØŽØąŲŠ ÚŲ‡Ø§ÚĒŲ† ØŦ؊ ŲžŲˆŲ„ŲŠŲ†ÚŠ ÛŊ ØĒØŦØ˛ŲŠŲˆ Ų…Ø§Ų† ØĩØ­ŲŠØ­ Ų†Ų…ŲˆŲ†ŲŠ” Ų…Ų‚ØąØą ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

ŲžØą
Ų‡ØĒ؊ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ų…ØšØ§Ų…Ų„Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ: ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ بØĻŲ†ÚĒŲ†Ú¯ØŒ ØĒØšŲ„ŲŠŲ…ŲŠ Ų…Ų‚ØĩØ¯Ų† ÛŊ Ø­ØĒ؊ ØŗŲŠÚĒŲŠŲˆØąŲŊ؊ Ų„Ø§ØĄ
Ø§Ų„ŲŠÚĒŲŊØąØ§Ų†ÚĒ Ú¯ŲŠØŦØŗ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ ÚĒŲ† Ųŋا، Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ų…Ų†ØˇŲ‚ ÚŠÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠ ØšØąØĩ؊ ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† ÚŠÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠ Ų†Ų‡ Ųŋ؊ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠ.
ØŦ؊ØĒ؈Úģ؊ÚĒ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ŲˆŲ‚ØĒ ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ų‡ ŲˆŲ‚ØĒ ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† Ú€ØąØŗØ§Ų† Ųŋ؊ چÚĒ؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ûž ÚĒ؊ØĒØąŲˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ûž بØĻŲ„ŲŊ ڇا ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŸ

Ú‡ŲžŲŠŲ„
Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ Ø§Ų†Ų‚Ų„Ø§Ø¨ŲŠ ØŦŲ†Ú¯ ÚŠØ§Ų† ŲžŲˆØĄ ÚŠÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠ Ø§Ų…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ûž ŲŲŠØ´Ų† Ûž ØĸŲŠØ§ Ų‡ØĻا، Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų†
ÚŠØ§Ų† Ø§Úŗ Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲ† ØĒØąØŦŲŠØ­Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ØšŲˆØ§Ų… ØŦ؊ ØĒØąØŦŲŠØ­Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ÚĒڍÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų† ŲģØ§Ų‡Øą
ÚĒÚŲŠŲˆ. 1884 ØŦ؊ ØĩØ¯Ø§ØąØĒ؊ Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠ ÚŠØ§Ų† ŲžŲˆØĄ Ú¯Ų‡ÚģŲŠŲˆŲ† ØąŲŠØ§ØŗØĒŲˆŲ† ÚŗØŦŲ‡ŲŠ ؈؈ŲŊØąŲ† ÚØ§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ŲˆÚŒŲŠŲˆŲ†
ŲˆŲŠŲˆŲ†. 1892 Øš ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ†ØŒ ؈؈ŲŊ ØŦ؊ Ų†ØŦ؊ Ûž ŲžÚŠÚ™ØŦ؊ ؈ØĻ؊.
Ú‡ŲžŲŠŲ„ Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊŲˆŲ† ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ ØŦ؊
ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ų‡ ØŗØĒ ØąŲŠØ§ØŗØĒŲ† ÚŠØ§Ų† 20 Ų‡ŲŠŲ† ØĩØ¯ŲŠ ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† Ų†Ų‡ Ø§ŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§. Ø§Ų† ÚŠØ§Ų† ØšŲ„Ø§ŲˆŲ‡ ÚĒ؊ØĒØąŲ† ØĻ؊ ØŗØ§Ų„Ų†
ÚŠØ§Ų† ؈؈ŲŊØąŲ† ØŦ؊ Ø­Ų‚Ų† Ûž Ø§Ų…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ûž ŲˆØ§ÚŒ ÚĒØĻ؊ ؈ØĻŲŠØŒ ŲžŲˆØĄ Ø§ŲŠØĒØąŲŠ ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† ؈؈ŲŊŲ†Ú¯ Ûž Ø´Ø§Ų…Ų„
Ųŋ؊Úģ ŲˆØ§ØąŲŠ ŲŊ؊ÚĒŲ†Ø§Ų„Ø§ØŦ؊ ØŦ؊ ØĩŲˆØąØĒ Ûž ÚĒØ§ŲŲŠ Ų†Ų‡ Ų‡ØĻ؊. Ø§Ų†Ų‡ŲŠØĄ ÚĒØąŲŠØŒ 1900 ØŦ؊ Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠØŒ
ÚĒØ§ØēØ°Ų† ØŦا ŲØ§ØąŲ… ŲŲŠØ´Ų† Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ Ûž ØąŲ‡ŲŠ.
Ø­Ø§Ų„Ø§Ų†ÚĒŲ‡ØŒ ÚŗØŦŲ‡Ųˆ Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ûž ØŗÚ€ ÚŠØ§Ų† ŲˆÚŒŲŠÚĒ
ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ų‡ ØąŲŠØ§ØŗØĒŲ† Ûž Ų…ŲŠŲ„ Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ø§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. Ø§Ų†Ų‡ŲŠ ØĩŲˆØąØĒ ۞، ؈؈ŲŊØą ØŦ؊ Ú¯Ų‡Øą
ÚØ§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ؈؈ŲŊ Ų…ŲˆÚĒŲ„ŲŠ ؈ØĻ؊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ŲžØŗŲ†Ø¯ ÚŠŲŠ Ų†Ø´Ø§Ų† Ų„ÚŗØ§ØĻÚģ ÛŊ ŲžŲˆØŗŲŊ Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ
ŲžŲˆØŗŲŊ ÚĒØąŲŠ Ú‡ÚŲŠŲˆ. Ø§ŲˆØąŲŠŲ†Ú¯ ÛŊ ŲˆØ§Ø´Ų†Ú¯ŲŊŲ† ØŗÚ€Ų†ŲŠ ÚŠØ§Ų† Ų…ŲˆÚĒŲ„ŲŠŲ„ Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲˆŲ† ÚĒŲŠŲˆŲ†
ØĸŲ‡Ų†.

ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ûž Ø§ŲŠŲŊŲ†Ú¯
ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ûž Ø§ŲŠ ؈؈ŲŊ ØŦ؈ ŲˆØ§Ø­Ø¯ ØąŲˆŲž Ø§ŲŠ Ų…ŲŠŲ„ ŲŠØ§ ؁؊ÚĒØŗ
Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. ŲŊ؊ÚĒŲ†Ø§Ų„Ø§ØŦŲŠØŒ ؈؈ŲŊØą Ų‡ÚĒ Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ ŲØ§ØąŲ… Ų…ŲˆÚĒŲ„ŲŠŲˆ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ø§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ
Ú€ØąŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ØŒ Ø§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠ Ų…ŲŠŲ„ Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ ŲˆØ§ŲžØŗ ØĸÚģŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ØŒ ŲŠØ§ ؁ÚĒØŗ Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ ØŦ؊ ڊØŦ؊ŲŊŲ„ ؁؈ŲŊ؈ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų†
ØŦ؊ ŲžØŗŲ†Ø¯ ØŗØ§Ų† Ų†Ø´Ø§Ų† Ų„ÚŗŲ„.

ڇا Ø´Ø§ŲŠØ¯ Ų‡Ų†Ų† بØĻŲ†ŲŊ Ø¨Ø§Ų„Ų†ŲŊ Ûž Ų‡ÚĒ ØēŲŠØą Ų…ØšŲŠØ§ØąŲŠ ؈؈ŲŊ ؈Ųē؊ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ŲˆŲ† Ųŋا؟
Ų‡ÚĒ
؈؈ŲŊØą Ø¨ŲŠŲ„ŲŊ ŲžŲŠŲžØą ØĒ؊ Ø´ŲŠŲ„ÚŠŲˆŲ† ÚĒŲˆŲž ŲŠØ§ ÚĒŲŠŲ… ÚĒØ§ØąÚŠØ´ŲŠŲ† ØŦ؈ Ų†Ø§Ų„Ųˆ Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ ÛŊ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ
ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ØĩØ¯Ø§ØąØĒ؊ Ø§Ų†ØĒ؎اب Ų„Ø§ØĄ Ų†Ø´Ø§Ų† Ų„ÚŗØ§ŲŠŲˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ÚĒØąŲŠ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡Ų† ŲŋŲŠŲˆŲ†.
Ų‡ÚĒ “Ų„ÚŠØĒ
Ûž” Ø§Ų…ŲŠØ¯ŲˆØ§Øą ØˇŲˆØą ØŗÚƒØ§ØĒ؈ ŲˆŲŠŲˆØŒ ØŦŲ‡Ú™ŲˆÚĒ ØēŲŠØą ØąØŗŲ…ŲŠ Ø§Ų…ŲŠØ¯ŲˆØ§Øą ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲ† Ûž Ú¯Ų‡Úģ؈ ؈؈ŲŊ
حاØĩŲ„ ÚĒŲ† Ųŋا. Ø¨ŲŠ Ø¨ŲŠ ØŗŲŠ ØŦ؊ ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊ Ûž Ú†ŲŠŲˆ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ Ų…ÚŠŲŠ Ų…Ø§Ø¤Øŗ Ų…Ų„ÚĒ Ûž Ų‡Øą ŲˆŲ‚ØĒ
ŲžØŗŲ†Ø¯ŲŠØ¯Ų‡ ŲžØŗŲ†Ø¯ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.
Ø¨Ų‡ØąØ­Ø§Ų„ØŒ Ų‚Ø§Ų†ŲˆŲ† Ų„ÚŠÚģ ŲˆØ§ØąŲˆ Ų…Ø§Ų‡Øą ŲžØąŲˆŲŲŠØŗØą ØąØ§ØŦØą ØŗŲ…Ųŋ Ú†ŲˆŲŠ
ŲŋŲˆØŒ Ų‡ÚĒ Ų„ÚŠØĒ Ûž Ų†Ø§Ų…Ø˛Ø¯ Ø§Ų…ŲŠØ¯ŲˆØ§Øą ØŦ؊ Ø¨ŲŠŲ…Ø§ØąŲŠ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ ØĩØ¯Øą ØŦ؈ ØŗØ§ÚŗŲŠŲˆ ØĻ؊ Ø§Ų…ŲŠØ¯ŲˆØ§Øą
Ø§Ų…ŲŠØ¯ŲˆØ§Øą “Ų‡ÚĒ Ø´ØŽØĩ Ų‚ØˇØ§Øą Ø¨ŲˆŲŊ Ûž اØĻŲŊŲ„Ø§Ų†ŲŊÚĒ ØŦ؊ Ų‚ØˇØ§Øą ÛŊ Ų‚ØˇØ§Øą ØĒ؊ ØŗÚÚģ” ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.
Ų…ØŽØĒØĩØą ۞، Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØŗŲˆØ§Ų„ ØĒŲ‚ØąŲŠØ¨Ų† ØĒŲ‚ØąŲŠØ¨Ų† ÚŠØ§Ų† ŲģØ§Ų‡Øą ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

ŲžŲˆØĄ Ø§Ų…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ ØŦ؊ Ú†Ø§Ų†ØŗŲ† ØĒ؊ ڇا Ø¨Ø§Ų„Ø§ Ø¨ŲˆŲŊŲ†ŲŊ ØĒ؊ Ú¯ŲŠØĻØąŲ†Ú¯ ڇا ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŸ
ÚĒŲ‡Ú™Ų†
ØŦ؊ ØŗŲŠØ§ØŗŲŠ ØŗØ§ØĻŲ†ØŗØ¯Ø§Ų† ÛŊ Ų…ØŽØĒ؄؁ Ų…ØˇØ§Ų„ØšØ§ØĒ ÛŊ ا؎ØĒØĩاØĩŲ† ØĒ؊ ŲģڌاØĻÚģ ØŦ؈ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ú†ŲˆÚģ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ
Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ŲžØĒŲ„Ø§ Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. ÚžÚĒÚ™ŲŠ ØŗØ§ØĻŲ†ØŗŲŠ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊ ŲžŲ†ÚžŲ†ØŦ؊ ŲˆØ§ØļØ­ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ ŲˆØ§ØļØ­ ØˇŲˆØą
ØĒ؊ ؈؈ŲŊ ØŦ؊ ØŽŲˆŲ ÚŠØ§Ų† ØĸŲˆØ§Ø˛ ڏØĻ؊ Ųŋ؈: “اڃا ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† ÚžÚĒÚ™Ųˆ ØŗÚŒŲˆ ØˇØąŲŠŲ‚Ųˆ Ų†Úž ØŗŲ…ØŦÚžŲŠŲˆ ØĸÚžŲŠ
ØŦ؈ ÚžÚĒÚ™ŲŠ Ų‚Ø§Ø¨Ų„ ØĒØšØąŲŠŲ ŲˆØ§ØąŲˆ ØŦŲ…Ų‡ŲˆØąŲŠ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲˆ - ÚžŲ† ØĩŲˆØąØĒ ۞، ؊؈ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ ØĩØ¯Øą Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲŠŲˆ -
Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲģŲ†ÚžŲŠ چÚĒØ§Øŗ ÚĒØĻ؊ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ Ø¯ŲˆÚŠŲŠØŒ ؎اØĩ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ ØŦÚŲ‡Ų† Ø§ØŽØ¨Ø§Øą ŲžŲŠ Ø§ŲŠ Ø¨ŲŠ ؈؈ŲŊŲ†Ú¯ ØŗØŗŲŊŲ…
Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ ÚĒŲŠØ§ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. “

https://northeastlivetv.com/â€Ļ/trump-to-discuss-caa-nrc-issâ€Ļ/
ØŗŲŠ ØŗŲŠ Ø§ŲŠ ØĒ؊ بحØĢ ÚĒØąÚģ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲŊØąŲžØŒ Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ Ûž Ų…ŲˆØ¯ŲŠ ØŗØ§Ų† Ø§ŲŠŲ† ØŗŲŠ ØŗŲŠ Ų…ØŗØĻŲ„Ų† ØŦ؈ Ø¯ŲˆØąŲˆ ÚĒØąŲŠ Ųŋ؈: ØŗŲŠŲ†ØĻØą ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ Ø§Ų†ØĒØ¸Ø§Ų…ŲŠŲ‡ ØŦ؊ ØŗØąÚĒØ§ØąŲŠ

ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊
ØĩØ¯Øą ØĩØ¯Øą ÚŠŲˆŲ†Ø§Ų„ÚŠ ŲŊØąŲ…Ųž ØŗŲŊ؊ŲŊŲŠØ´Ų† ØĒØąŲ…ŲŠŲ…ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠÚĒŲŊ (CAA) ÛŊ ŲˆØ˛ŲŠØąØ§ØšØ¸Ų… Ų†ŲˆØ§Ø˛ Ø´ØąŲŠŲ
Ų†ØąŲŠŲ†Ø¯Øą Ų…ŲˆØ¯ŲŠ ØŗØ§Ų† گڏ Ø§Ų†ÚŠŲŠØ§ ØŦ؊ Ų†ŲŠØ´Ų†Ų„ ØąŲŠÚ¯ØŗŲŊØ§ØąŲŊØą ØŦ؊ Ø§Ų† Ų…ØŗØĻŲ„Ų† ØĒ؊ ØŽŲŠØ§Ų„Ų† ØŦ؊ ÚŲŠ
؈Ųē ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ.

Ų‡ØĒØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊØąŲ† ØŗØ§Ų† ÚŗØ§Ų„Ų‡Ø§ØĻŲŠŲ†Ø¯ŲŠØŒ ØŗØąÚĒØ§ØąŲŠ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ Ú†ŲŠŲˆ ØĒŲ‡
ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†ŲŠ ÚŠŲŠŲ…ŲˆÚĒØąŲŠŲŊÚĒ ØąŲˆØ§ŲŠØĒŲˆŲ† ÛŊ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ† Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲˆÚŲŠ احØĒØąØ§Ų… ÚĒ؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ÛŊ
“Ø§Ų†ÚŠŲŠØ§ ÚŠŲŠ Ų‡Ųŋ؊ ÚŲŠÚģ ØŦ؊ Ø­ŲˆØĩŲ„Ų‡ Ø§ŲØ˛Ø§ØĻ؊ ØŦØ§ØąŲŠ ØąŲ‡Ų†Ø¯Ųˆ”.

“ØĩØ¯Øą ŲŊØąŲ…Ųž ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊
ØšŲˆØ§Ų…ŲŠ ØąÚĒØ§ØąÚŠ ÛŊ ŲŠŲ‚ŲŠŲ†ŲŠ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ ØŽØ§Ų†Ú¯ŲŠ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ ØŦŲ…Ų‡ŲˆØąŲŠØĒ ÛŊ Ų…Ø°Ų‡Ø¨ŲŠ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ØŦ؊
Ú¯ÚŲŠŲ„ ØąŲˆØ§ŲŠØĒ بابØĒ ÚŗØ§Ų„Ų‡Ø§ØĻŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ. Ų‡Ų† Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† Ų…ØŗØĻŲ„Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø¨Ų„Ų†Ø¯ ÚĒŲ†Ø¯ŲŠØŒ ؎اØĩ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊
Ų…Ø°Ų‡Ø¨ŲŠ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØĄ ØŦ؈ Ų…ØŗØĻŲ„Ųˆ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų„Ø§ØĄ (ŲŊØąØ§Ųž) Ø§Ų†ØĒØ¸Ø§Ų…ŲŠ Ø§Ų‡Ų…ŲŠØĒ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.
Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ؈ŲŊ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ ØšØ§Ų„Ų…ŲŠ ØĢابØĒŲŠØ§ØĒ، Ų‚Ø§Ų†ŲˆŲ† ØŦ؊ Ø­ÚĒŲ…ØąØ§Ų†ŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ų‚Ø§ØĻŲ… ÚĒŲŠŲ„ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ Ú¯ÚŲŠŲ„
ŲˆØ§Ø¨ØŗØĒÚ¯ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. “ØŗŲŠŲ†ØĻØą ØĸŲŲŠØŗØą Ų‡ØĒ؊ ØĩØ­Ø§ŲŲŠŲ† ÚŠŲŠ ŲģÚŒØ§ŲŠŲˆ.

“Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø§Ų†ÚŠŲŠŲ†
ÚŠŲŠŲ…ŲˆÚĒØąŲŠŲŊÚĒ ØąŲˆØ§ŲŠØĒŲˆŲ† ÛŊ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ† Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲˆÚŲŠ ØšØ˛ØĒ Ų‡ŲˆŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ÛŊ Ø§ØŗŲŠŲ† Ø§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ØąŲˆØ§ŲŠØĒŲˆŲ†
ØŦØ§ØąŲŠ ØąÚŠÚģ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ØŦØ§ØąŲŠ ØąŲ‡Ų†Ø¯Ø§. Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† Ų…ØŗØĻŲ„Ų† بابØĒ ÚŗÚģØĒ؊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊ ØĒŲˆŲ‡Ø§Ų†
(ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊØą) اŲŋŲŠØ§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†ØŒ “ØĸŲŲŠØŗØą Ú†ŲŠŲˆ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ ØŗŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ† Ø§ŲŠ ÛŊ Ø§ŲŠŲ† ØĸØą ØŗŲŠ Ų…ØŗØĻŲ„Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ÚŗØĒ؊
ŲˆÚŒØ§ØĻŲŠØŒ ØĸŲŠØ§ ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊØą ØŦ؊ Ø­ŲˆØ§Ų„ŲŠ ØŗØ§Ų†.

ØĩØ¯Øą ØĸØĩ؁ ØšŲ„ŲŠ Ø˛ØąØ¯Ø§ØąŲŠ Ų…ŲˆØ¯ŲŠ ØŗØ§Ų† گڏ
ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲˆŲ† Ų…ØŗØĻŲ„Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø¨Ø§ØąŲŠ Ûž ÚŗØ§Ų„Ų‡Ø§ØĻŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ØŗŲŠŲ† ÛŊ Ų†ŲˆŲŊŲŠØŗ ؈Ųē؊ Ø¯Ų†ŲŠØ§ Ø¯Ų†ŲŠØ§ ØŦ؊ ØŦŲ…Ų‡ŲˆØąŲŠ
ØąŲˆØ§ŲŠØĒ ÚŠŲŠ Ø¨ØąŲ‚ØąØ§Øą ØąÚŠÚģ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ØŦØ§ØąŲŠ ØąÚŠŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

ØŗŲŠ Ø§ŲŠ اے، ŲžØ§ÚĒØŗØĒØ§Ų†ØŒ
Ø§ŲØēØ§Ų†ØŗØĒØ§Ų† ÛŊ Ø¨Ų†Ú¯Ų„Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØ´ Ų…Ø§Ų† Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ŲˆØŒ ØŗÚŠØŒ ØŦŲŠŲ†ØŒ ŲžØ§ØąØŗŲŠØŒ Ø¨ŲŠŲ‡ØŗŲŊ ÛŊ ØšŲŠØŗØ§ØĻ؊ ŲžŲ†Ø§Ų‡Ú¯ŲŠØąŲ†
ØŦ؊ Ø´Ų‡ØąŲŠØĒ ØŦ؈ ŲˆØ§ØšØ¯Ųˆ ÚĒ؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊ Ų…Ų„ÚĒ Ûž ÚĒŲŠØąØ§ŲŊ، Ų…ØēØąØ¨ŲŠ Ø¨Ų†Ú¯Ø§Ų„ØŒ ØąØ§ØŦØŗØĒØ§Ų† ÛŊ
ŲžŲ†ØŦاب ØŗŲ…ŲŠØĒ ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ų‡ ØąŲŠØ§ØŗØĒŲ† ÚŠŲŠ Ų„Ø§ÚŗŲˆ ÚĒØąÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų† Ø§Ų†ÚĒØ§Øą ÚĒØąŲŠ ØąŲ‡ŲŠØ§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. .

12
ØąÚĒŲ†ŲŠ ŲˆŲØ¯ ØŦ؊ Ų…ØˇØ§Ø¨Ų‚ØŒ ØĩØ¯Øą ŲŊØąŲ…ŲžØŒ ŲØ¨ØąŲˆØąŲŠ 24 Ûž Ø¯Ųˆ ÚŲŠŲ†Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø¯ŲˆØąŲŠ ØĒ؊ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ŲˆØŗØĒØ§Ų† Ûž
Ø§Ú†ŲŠ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ. Ų…Ų„Ø§Ų‚Ø§ØĒ ڊا Ø¯ŲˆØąŲ‡ Ø§Ø­Ų…Ø¯ Ø§Ø­Ų…Ø¯ ØŦ؊ Ų…ŲˆŲŧØąØ§ Ø§ØŗŲŊŲŠÚŠŲŠŲ… Ûž ‘Ø§ŲŠØŗŲŊØ§Øŗ ŲŊØąŲ…Ųž’
Ų†Ø§Ų„ŲŠ Ų‡ÚĒ ŲˆØ§Ų‚ØšÛ Ûž حاØļØą Ųŋ؊Úģ ڊا Ø§ØąØ§Ø¯Û ØąÚŠÚžØĒا ہے. ØŦŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ûž Ú¯Ø°ØąŲŠŲ„ ØŗØ§Ų„ ØŗŲŠŲžŲŊŲ…Ø¨Øą Ûž
Ų‡ŲŠŲˆŲŊŲ† Ûž ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ ØĩØ¯Øą ÛŊ Ų…ŲˆØ¯ŲŠ ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų† ØŽØˇØ§Ø¨ ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈.

ŲŊØąŲž ÛŊ ŲØąØŗŲŊ Ų„ŲŠÚŠŲŠ
Ų…ŲŠŲ„ŲŠŲ† ŲŊØąŲ…Ųž 25 ŲŲŠØ¨ØąŲˆØąŲŠ ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† Ų‡ÚĒ ŲˆÚŲŠ Ø´ŲŠÚŠŲˆŲ„ Ų‡ŲˆŲ†Ø¯ŲŠØŒ ØŦÚŲ‡Ų† Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų† ØŦ؊
Ų‚ŲˆŲ…ŲŠ Ú¯Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØĄ Ûž Ø§ŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§. ŲˆØŗŲŠŲ„Ų† Ų…ŲˆØŦب ÚĒ؊ØĒØąŲ† ØĻ؊ اØŦŲ„Ø§ØŗŲ† ÛŊ ŲˆŲØ¯ ØŦ؊ ØŗØˇØ­ ØĒ؊ ÚŗØ§Ų„Ų‡ŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊
ØĒØ¨Ø§Ø¯Ų„ŲŠ ÚŠØ§Ų† ÚŒØ§Øą Ųŋ؊ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§.

2. Ø§ŲžØąŲŠŲ„ ŲŲˆŲ„
Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ† ŲžŲŠ ØĸØĻ؊ Ø§ŲŠÚ¯ŲŠØ´Ų†Ų„ Ø§ŲŠØŦŲ†ØŗŲŠØ˛ ØŗŲˆØŗØ§ØĻŲŊŲŠØ˛ (VoAAAS)
https://www.msn.com/â€Ļ/mayawati-first-to-accept-aâ€Ļ/ar-BBZd86i

Ų†ŲŠØ´Ų†Ų„
ØĸØ¯Ų…Ø´Ų…Ø§ØąŲŠ ØąØŦØŗŲŊØąÚŠ (Ø§ŲŠŲ† ŲžŲŠ ŲžŲŠ ØĸØą) ØŦ؈ Ø§ŲžØąŲŠŲ„ 1 ØĒ؊ Ų„ÚŲžŲ„Ø§Úģ ÚĒŲ†Ø¯ŲˆØŒ ØąÚŗŲˆ ØĩØąŲ 20ŲĒ
ØēŲŠØą Ø§ØŽŲ„Ø§Ų‚ŲŠØŒ ØĒشدد، Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ŲŠØŒ ØĒؚداد ØŦ؊ Ø¯Ų†ŲŠØ§ ØŦ؊ Ų‡ÚĒ Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ØŒ ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ Ø´ŲˆŲŊŲ†Ú¯ØŒ
Ų…ŲˆØ¨ Ų„ŲŠŲ†Ú쨌 Ø¨ŲŠŲ†ŲŠ Ø§ØŗØąØ§ØĻŲŠŲ„ØŒ ØŗØ§ØĻØ¨ØąŲŠØ§ØŒ ØĒبØĒ، ØĸŲØąŲŠÚĒØ§ØŒ Ų…Ø´ØąŲ‚ŲŠ ŲŠŲˆØąŲžØŒ Ų…ØēØąØ¨ŲŠ ØŦØąŲ…Ų†ŲŠØŒ
اØĒØą ŲŠŲˆØąŲžØŒ ڏڊÚģ ØąŲˆØŗŲŠØŒ Ų‡Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØŒ ؈ØēŲŠØąŲ‡ ؈ØēŲŠØąŲ‡. ØąŲˆØ¯ŲŠ / ØąŲ‚Ø§ØŗØ§ ØŗŲˆØ§Ų…ŲŠ ØŗŲŠŲ…ÚĒ ØŦ؊
چØĒŲžØąØ§Ų† Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ø§ØĻŲ†Øŗ (ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ) ÚŠŲŠ Ú†ŲˆØąŲŠ ÛŊ Ú†Ų…ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ú™ Ų‡Ø¯ŲˆØĒŲˆØ§ ÚĒØĒŲ† Ú†ŲŠØĒŲžØ§Ų†Ųˆ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų†
ØŦ؈ ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲˆŲ† Ų†Ų…Ø¨Øą ØĒŲŠØŗ ØŦ؈ Ø¯ØšŲˆŲŠ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. (ØąŲˆØ­) ÚĒ؊ŲŋØąŲŠØąŲŠØ§ØŒ ŲˆŲŠØŗŲŠØŗØŒ Ø´Ø§ÚŠØąØ§ØŒ ŲŊŲŠŲˆŲ†
Ų†Ų…Ø¨ØąØŒ ŲŊŲŠŲ† Ú†ŲˆŲŋŲŠŲ†ØŒ ØąŲˆØ­Ø§Ų†ŲŠ ÛŊ ØēŲŠØą Ų…ØšŲ…ŲˆŲ„ŲŠ Ø§ØŗÚĒŲŠŲ…Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø­ŲŠØĢ؊ØĒ Ûž ÚĒ؈ Ø¨Ų‡ ڄاÚģ Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ
ØĒŲ‡ Ų‡Øą Ų‚ØŗŲ… ØŦ؊ Ø¸Ų„Ų…Ų† ØĒ؊ ØšŲ…Ų„ ÚĒØąŲŠ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ØŦ؊ Ųŋ؊. ŲžØą Ų‡Ų† Ų…Ų‡Ø§ØĒŲ…Ø§ ØŦ؈ ÚĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ ØąŲˆØ­ Ûž
ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ Ų†Ų‡ Ų…ÚƒŲŠŲˆ. Ų‡Ų† Ú†ŲŠŲˆ ØĒŲ‡ ØŗÚ€ØĻ؊ Ø¨ØąØ§Ø¨Øą ØĸŲ‡Ų† ØŦŲ† ØĒ؊ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ØŦ؈ ØšØŦŲŠØ¨ ØŦØ¯ŲŠØ¯ ØĸØĻŲŠŲ†
Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲˆ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ú†ŲžØĒØ§Ų† Ø¨ØąŲ‡ÚģŲ† ÚŠØ§Ų† ØŗŲˆØ§ØĄ Ųģ؊؈ Ų…Ø°Ų‡Ø¨ Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ŲŠØ§ ذاØĒ Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. چØĒŲ쨧؆
Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†ŲŠŲ† Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲˆŲ† ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ Ų†Ų‡ Ų…ÚƒŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. ØšØ§Ų… ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ ÛŊ Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ… Ø§ŲŠŲ… / ؈؊ ؈؊
ŲžŲŠŲŊ ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų† Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø§ÚŗŲˆØ§ÚģŲ† ÚŠŲŠ Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲŠŲ„ Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲŠŲˆ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. چØĒŲžØąØ§Ų† Ø¨ØąÛŲ…Ų†Øŗ ڈی Ø§ÛŒŲ†
اے ÚŠÛŒ ØąŲžŲˆØąŲš Ų…ÛŒÚē Ø¨ØĒایا گیا ہے ڊہ ŲˆÛ ØēÛŒØą Ų…Ų„ÚŠÛŒ اØĩŲ„ Ų…ÛŒÚē ہیÚē ØŦŲ† Ų…ÛŒÚē Ø§ØŗØąØ§ØĻÛŒŲ„ØŒ
ØŗØ§ØĻØ¨ÛŒØąÛŒØ§ØŒ ØĒبØĒ، Ø§ŲØąÛŒŲ‚ÛØŒ Ų…Ø´ØąŲ‚ÛŒ ÛŒŲˆØąŲžØŒ Ų…ØēØąØ¨ÛŒ ØŦØąŲ…Ų†ÛŒØŒ Ø´Ų…Ø§Ų„ÛŒ ÛŒŲˆØąŲžØŒ ØŦŲ†ŲˆØ¨ÛŒ ØąŲˆØŗØŒ
ÛŲ†Ú¯ØąÛŒØŒ ؈ØēÛŒØąÛ ؈ØēÛŒØąÛ ØŗÛ’ ØŽØ§ØąØŦ ÛŲˆØŗÚŠØĒے ہیÚē. Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ† ØŦ؈ اØĩŲ„ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.
Ø§Ų† ÚŠØ§Ų† Ø§Úŗ

https://www.gopetition.com/â€Ļ/declare-rss-a-terrorist-organiâ€Ļ

Declare
ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ (Rowdy / Rakshasa ØŗŲˆØ§Ų…ŲŠ Sevaks) 1 925 ā¤Žā¤ž ā¤­ā¤ā¤•āĨ‹ ā¤ā¤• ⤆⤤⤂⤕ā¤ĩā¤žā¤ĻāĨ€ ā¤¸ā¤‚ā¤—ā¤ ā¤¨ØŒ
ā¤†ā¤°ā¤ā¤¸ā¤ā¤¸ ⤞āĨ‡ 1920 ⤕āĨ‡ ā¤Ļā¤ļ⤕ -1940 ⤕āĨ‹ ⤝āĨā¤°āĨ‹ā¤ĒāĨ‡ā¤˛āĨ€ ā¤ĢāĨ‹ā¤¸āĨā¤Ÿā¤ŋ⤏āĨā¤Ÿ ⤆⤍āĨā¤ĻāĨ‹ā¤˛ā¤¨ā¤šā¤°āĨ‚ā¤Ŧā¤žā¤Ÿ
ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤¤āĨā¤¯ā¤•āĨā¤ˇ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°āĨ‡ā¤°ā¤Ŗā¤ž ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤ĒāĨā¤¤ ⤗⤰āĨā¤¯āĨ‹ØŒ ā¤œā¤¸ā¤Žā¤ž ā¤¨ā¤žā¤œāĨ€ ā¤Ēā¤žā¤°āĨā¤ŸāĨ€ ā¤Ē⤍ā¤ŋ ā¤ļā¤žā¤Žā¤ŋ⤞ ⤛.

اڄ، Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ 6 Ų…Ų„ŲŠŲ† + Ų…ŲŠŲ…Ø¨Øą Ų…ŲŠŲ…Ø¨Øą ŲŠŲˆŲ†ŲŠŲØ§ØąŲ… ÛŊ Ų‡ŲŋŲŠØ§ØąØ¨Ų†Ø¯ Ų…Ų„ŲŠŲ…Ų„ŲŊ؊ Ûž Ų…ŲŠŲŊØ§ØŗØ§ØŗØ§ØŗŲŠŲˆØĻŲŠØ´Ų† ÚĒØĻ؊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.
ØĸØą Ø§ÛŒØŗ Ø§ÛŒØŗ Ų…ØŦŲ…ŲˆØšŲŠ ØĒشدد ØŦ؊ ØšŲ…Ų„Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø°Ų…ŲŠŲˆØ§Øą ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ Ø¨Ø´Ų…ŲˆŲ„ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ ŲžØąŲˆÚŒÚžØ§ Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ Ûž Ų‡Øą ŲˆÚŲŠŲˆŲ† ŲŊÚ¯ŲˆŲ… Ûž Ø´Ø§Ų…Ų„ ØĸŲ‡Ų†.

ØŗŲ…ŲˆØąŲ† Ø§ŲŠŲ† Ø§ŲŠÚĒØŗØ§ØĻ؊ÚĒØŗ Ø§ŲŠÚĒØŗŲŠŲ†ÚŠ ØŗŲˆØŗØ§ØĻŲŊŲŠØ˛ (VoAAAS) ÛŊ ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊ ØąŲŠØ§ØŗØĒŲ† ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ØĸØą Ų‡ÚĒ Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ ØĒŲ†Ø¸ŲŠŲ… ØŦ؈ Ø§ØšŲ„Ø§Ų† ÚĒØąÚģ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ØŗÚŲŠŲˆ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

ØĸØą
Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ Ų…ŲŠŲ…Ø¨ØąŲ† ŲŠŲˆŲ†ŲŠŲØ§ØąŲ… Ûž ÚŠØ˛Ø§ØĻŲŠŲ† ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦ؊ Ų„Ø§ØĄ Ø¨Ø¯Ų†Ø§Ų… ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ ØŦ؊ÚĒ؈ Ų‡ŲŊŲ„Øą
Ų†ŲˆØŦŲˆØ§Ų†Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų…ŲŠŲ…Ø¨ØąŲ† ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų† Ų„ÚŗØ§ØĒØ§Øą ØŦŲ‡Ú™ŲŠŲˆŲ† ØĸŲ‡Ų†. Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ 1925 Øš Ûž ŲēŲ‡ØąØ§ŲŠŲˆ ŲˆŲŠŲˆØŒ
ØŗØ§ÚŗØĻ؊ ØŗØ§Ų„ ØŦ؊ÚĒØ§ Ų†Ø§Ø˛ŲŠ ŲžØ§ØąŲŊ؊ Ų‡ŲŊŲ„Øą Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø§ÚŗŲˆØ§Úģ ØŗØ§Ų† ØŗÚŒØąŲŠŲ„ Ų‡ØĻ؊. Ø§ŲŠŲ†Ø˛ŲŠØŗ ÚŠØ§Ų†
Ø§Ų†ØŗŲžØ§ØĻØąŲŠØ´Ų† ŲēØ§ÚžÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų† ŲžŲˆØĄØŒ ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ŲžØ§Úģ ÚŠŲŠ اŲŊŲ„ŲŠ Ûž Ų…ŲˆŲ„ŲˆŲˆŲ„ŲŠ ØŦ؊ ŲØ§Ø´ØŗŲŊ ØĒØ­ØąŲŠÚĒ
ØŦ؊ Ų†Ų…Ø§ØĻØ´ ÚŠØ§Ų†ŲžŲˆØĄ Ų†Ų…Ø§ŲŠØ§Ų† ÚĒ؊؈. 1931 Øš ۞، Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ŲžŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ø¨Ø§Ų†ŲŠ بS Ú†Ø§Ų†Ø¯ØŦ؊ ØąŲˆŲ… Ûž
Ų…ŲˆŲˆŲ„ŲŠŲ†ŲŠ ØŗØ§Ų† Ų…Ų„Ø§Ų‚Ø§ØĒ ÚĒØĻ؊. ، ā¤“ā¤ā¤¨ā¤ŦāĨ€ā¤•ā¤ž ā¤¤ā¤žā¤¨ā¤žā¤ļā¤žā¤š ⤝āĨā¤ĩā¤ž ā¤¸ā¤ŽāĨ‚ā¤šā¤•āĨ‹ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤ļā¤‚ā¤¸ā¤ž ⤗⤰āĨ‡ā¤Ē⤛ā¤ŋ
ā¤‡ā¤Ÿā¤žā¤˛āĨ€ā¤•ā¤ž ⤝āĨā¤ĩā¤žā¤šā¤°āĨ‚⤕āĨ‹ “⤏āĨˆā¤¨āĨā¤¯ ā¤ĒāĨā¤¨ā¤°āĨā¤œāĨ€ā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤤⤰⤪” ⤕āĨ‡ ⤞ā¤ŋā¤ØŒ Moonje Ų†Û’ Ų„ÚŠÚžØ§ØŒ “ŲžØąØ§ÚžØ§ÚžØ§Úž
Ø¨ÚžŲš Ø§ŲˆØą ؎اØĩ ØˇŲˆØą ŲžØą Ú†ŲžÚ†ŲžØ§ Ú†ÚžØ§ŲžÛŒÛ’ ÚžØĒ؈ØĒŲˆØ§ ÚĒیØĒ کچھ Ø§ÛŒØŗÛŒ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąÛ ÚŠÛŒ ØļØąŲˆØąØĒ ہے
ØŦ؈ ÚžØĒ؈ØĒŲˆØ§ÛŒØĒ ØŦ؊ ؁؈ØŦ؊ Ø¨Ø­Ø§Ų„ Ų„Ø§ØĄ.” Ų‡Ų† Ø¯ØšŲˆŲŠ ÚĒ؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ “ŲØ§ØŗØ˛Ų… Ø§Ø˛Ų… ØŦ؊ ØŽŲŠØ§Ų„ ØŗØ§Ų†
Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† ØŦ؊ ŲˆÚ† Ûž Ų‡ÚĒ ŲˆØ­Ø¯ØĒ ØŦ؊ ØĒØĩŲˆØą ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ ÚĒØąŲŠ Ųŋ؈” ÛŊ Ø§ØšŲ„Ø§Ų† ÚĒ؊؈: “Ų†Ø§Ú¯ŲžŲˆØą ØŦ؊ Ų‚ŲˆŲ…ŲŠ
ØŗŲˆØ§Ų…ŲŠ ØŗØ§Ų†Ú¯ŲŠ ŲˆØ§ØąŲˆ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲˆ” ڊاÚĒŲŊØą Ų‡ŲŠÚŠ Ú¯ŲˆØąŲŠ “Ûž Ų‡Ų† Ų‚ØŗŲ… ØŦ؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

ØŗÚ€ ÚŠØ§Ų†
ŲˆÚŲŠ ØŽØ¯Ų…ØĒ ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ú™ ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗØŒ Ø§ŲŠŲ… Ø§ŲŠØŗ. Ú¯ŲˆŲ„ŲˆŲ„ÚǨ਌ Ø§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ØēØ¯Ø§ØąŲŠ ÚŠŲŠ ŲžØąŲˆÚ‡Ų‡Ø§Øą
Ú€Ø§ØąØĒŲ†ŲŠ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ØēŲ„Ø¨Ųˆ ڇÚĒÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų† Ų…Ø­ØąŲˆŲ… ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦ؊ Ø¨Ø¯ØąØ§Ų† ØŗÚŲŠŲˆ ŲˆÚƒŲŠ Ųŋ؈ ŲŠØ§ Ø§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ØąØ¯ ÚĒØąŲŠ
Ųŋ؈ ØĒŲ‡ “Ų…Ø­ØąŲˆŲ… Ų†ØŗŲ„ ÛŊ Ų‚ŲˆŲ… ØŦ؊ ŲžØ§ÚĒØ§ØĻ؊”. 1939 Ų…ÛŒÚ稌 Ø§Ų†ÛŲˆÚē Ų†Û’ Ų†Ø§Ø˛ÛŒ Ų†ØŗŲ„ÛŒ ŲžØ§Ų„ÛŒØŗÛŒ
ÚŠÛŒ Ø­Ų…Ø§ÛŒØĒ Ų…ÛŒÚē Ú†Ų…ÚŠÛŒŲ„ÛŒ ØˇŲˆØą ŲžØą بڞی Ų„ÚŠÚžØ§: “Ų†ØŗŲ„ Ø§ŲˆØą Ø§Øŗ ÚŠÛŒ ØĢŲ‚Ø§ŲØĒ ÚŠÛŒ ŲžØ§ÚŠÛŒØ˛Ú¯ÛŒ ÚŠŲˆ
Ø¨ØąŲ‚ØąØ§Øą ØąÚŠÚžŲ†Û’ ÚŠÛ’ Ų„ØĻے، ⤜⤰āĨā¤Žā¤¨āĨ€ā¤˛āĨ‡ ⤉⤍⤕āĨ‹ ā¤¸ā¤‚ā¤¸ā¤žā¤°ā¤˛ā¤žā¤ˆ ā¤ļ⤰āĨā¤Žā¤ŋā¤˛ā¤ž ā¤ĻāĨŒā¤Ą - ŲŠÚžŲˆØ¯ŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ ØŦÚŗÚžŲ†
ÚŠŲŠ ÚĻŲŠØąŲŠ ÚĒØąŲŠ. ØąŲŠØŗ ØŦ؊ ŲØŽØą ØŦ؊ ÚĒØąŲŠ ŲˆÚŒŲŠÚĒ Ø¨Ų„Ų†Ø¯ Ųŋ؊ چÚĒ؊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. “
Ų‡Ų† Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ “ØŗŲē؈
ØŗØ¨Ų‚ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲžØąÚ†Ø§Øą Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ Ûž ØŗÚŠÚģ ÛŊ Ų†ŲØšŲˆ ÚŲŠÚģ” ØŗÚŲŠŲˆ. ØŦŲˆŲ† ØŦŲˆŲ† 9 9 ØŦŲˆŲ†ØŒ Ø§Ų…ØąŲŠÚĒØ§
ØŦ؊ Ø¨ŲŠŲ† Ø§Ų„Ø§Ų‚ŲˆØ§Ų…ŲŠ Ų…Ø°Ų‡Ø¨ŲŠ Ø¨Ų†ŲŠØ§Ø¯ ØĒ؊ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØĄ ØŦ؊ ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊ Ûž ØŽØ¨ØąØ¯Ø§Øą ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡
ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ / Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ / Ų…Ø°Ų‡Ø¨ŲŠ Ø§Ų‚Ų„ŲŠØĒŲ† / Ø§Ųˆ Ø¨ŲŠ ØŗŲŠ ØŗŲ…ŲŠØĒ Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ØŦ؊ اØŦŲ†Ú‰Ø§
“⤗āĨˆā¤°-hindutvaites or all ABORIGINAL AWAKENED Societies” ⤕āĨ‹ ā¤˛ā¤žā¤—āĨ€ ā¤§ā¤žā¤°āĨā¤Žā¤ŋ⤕
ā¤šā¤ŋā¤‚ā¤¸ā¤ž ⤔⤰ ØŦŲ„ŲˆØŗ.
“ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø¨Ø§Øą Ø¨Ø§Øą ØĒشدد ØŦ؊ ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ Ųŋ؊Úģ ØĒ؊ Ø§Ų„Ø˛Ø§Ų… ؚاØĻد ÚĒ؊؈
؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ÚĒ؊ØĒØąØ§ Ú€ŲŠØąØ§ ÚĒ؊ØĒØąØ§ ØĻ؊ Ú€ŲŠØąØ§ Ų…Ø­Ø¯ŲˆØ¯ Ųŋ؊ چÚĒØ§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†ØŒ Ø§ŲŠŲ… ÚĒ؊؈ Ø§ŲŠŲ… ØŦ؊
Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ÚŠØ§Ų†ŲžŲˆØĄ ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲˆŲ† Ú€ŲŠØąŲˆ. Ú¯Ø§Ų†ÚŒŲŠ Ų‡ÚĒ ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ų…ŲŠŲ…Ø¨Øą Ų…ŲŠŲ…Ø¨Øą Ų†ŲŋØą Ø¯ŲŠŲˆØĒا ØˇØąŲØ§Ų†.
2002 ۞، Ø§Ų†ØŗØ§Ų†ŲŠ Ø­Ų‚Ø§ØĻŲ‚ ŲˆØ§Ú† ØĸØą Ø§ÛŒØŗ Ø§ÛŒØŗ Ø§ŲˆØą Ø§Øŗ ÚŠÛ’ Ų…Ø§ØĒØ­ØĒ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲˆÚē ڊا Ų†Ø§Ų… Ų…ØŗŲ„Ų…
Ų…ØŗŲ„Ų… ŲšŲˆŲ…ŲˆŲ… ÚŠÛ’ Ø°Ų…Û Ø¯Ø§Øą Ú¯ØąŲˆÛŲˆÚē ÚŠÛ’ ØˇŲˆØą ŲžØą ہے ØŦ؈ Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ÚŠÛŒ ØąÛŒØ§ØŗØĒ Ų…ÛŒÚē 2،000
Ø§ŲØąØ§Ø¯ ÛŲ„Ø§ÚŠ. 2012 ۞، ØŗŲˆØ§Ų…ŲŠ Ø§ØŗŲŠŲ†Ų…ŲŠŲ†Ų†Ø¯ØŒ Ų‡ÚĒ Ų…ÚĒŲ…Ų„ ŲˆŲ‚ØĒ ØŦ؊ ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ØŦ؊ ÚĒØ§ØąÚĒŲ†ØŒ
ÚĒ؊ØĒØąŲ† ØĻ؊ Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ Ø¨Ų…Ø¨Ø§ØąŲŠŲˆØ˛ ÚŠŲŠ Ú†ŲŠÚ†Ų†ŲŠØ§ ÚŲŠÚģ ÚŠŲŠ Ų‚Ø¨ŲˆŲ„ ÚĒ؊؈ ØŦŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ûž 2006 ÚŠØ§Ų†
2008 ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† ØŗØ¤ ØŗŲˆŲŠŲ† Ø˛Ų†Ø¯Ú¯ŲŠ Ú¯Ø°Ø§ØąŲŠØ§. ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ØŦ؊ ŲžŲŠØąŲ† Ûž Ø¨Ų…Ø¨Ø§ØąØŒ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ØŒ ÛŊ
ŲžŲˆÚ¯ØąŲˆŲ…ŲˆŲ†Ųˆ ØŦ؊ ÚĒ؊ØĒØąØ§ØĻ؊ Ų…ØĢØ§Ų„ Ø´Ø§Ų…Ų„ ÚĒŲŠØ§ ŲˆŲŠØ§. ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ (Ø§Øŗ ØŦ؊ ÚĒ؊ØĒØąØ§ØĻ؊
ØŗØ¨ØŗØ§ØĻŲŊŲŠØ˛ ØŗŲ…ŲŠØĒ) ØŗÚ„ŲŠ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų† Ûž Ø§Ų‚Ų„ŲŠØĒŲ† ØŦ؊ ØŽŲ„Ø§Ų ØĒشدد ØŦ؊ ÚĒ؊ØĒØąŲ† ØĻ؊ ŲģŲŠŲ† Ø§Ų‡Ų…
ŲˆØ§Ų‚ØšŲ† ØŗØ§Ų† ÚŗŲ†ÚŲŠŲ„ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† Ûž ØŦØĒ؈ØĻ؊ ØŦ؈ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ØšØ§Ų… 1947 Ûž Ø´Ø§Ų…Ų„ ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈
(20،000+ Ų…ØŗŲ„Ų…Ø§Ų†Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų‚ØĒŲ„) ÛŊ 1969 Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ø§ØĒ (400+ Ų…ØŗŲ„Ų…Ø§Ų†Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ÚĒ؊؈) -
Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ŲģŲ†Ų‡ŲŠ ØŦ؈ Ø¯ŲˆØąŲˆ بؚد Ú¯ŲˆŲ„ŲˆŲ„ÚĒØą ØˇØąŲ ŲˆÚƒØ§ŲŠŲˆ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. بؚد ۞، Ų…Ų‡Ø§ØąØ§Ø´ŲŊØą ØŦ؊
1970 Ûž ؈؊ŲēŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ų† (190 + Ų…ØŗŲ„Ų…Ø§Ų† Ų…ØŗŲ„Ų…Ø§Ų†Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ÚĒ؊؈)، 1983 Øš Ûž ØĸØŗØ§Ų…ŲŠŲ„
Ų†Ø§ŲŠŲ„ Ų…ŲŠÚĒØŗŲŠØŗØą (2،200+ Ø¨Ų†Ú¯Ø§Ų„ŲŠ Ų…ØŗŲ„Ų…Ø§Ų†Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ÚĒ؊؈)، 1984 ØŗÚŠŲ‡ ØŦ؈؊ÚĒŲˆØ§ØĻŲŠÚŠ Ø¯Ų„ŲŠ
(3،000+ ØŗÚŠŲ‡ Ų…Ø§ØąØŦ؊ ؈؊؈)،

1985 Ûž Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ų† (ØŗŲˆŲŠŲ† Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø§ØąØŦÚģ
ØŦ؈)، 1987 Ûž اØĒØą ŲžØąØ¯ŲŠØ´ Ûž Ų…ŲŠØąŲˆØĒ ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ų† (ØŗŲˆŲŠŲ† Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø§ØąØŦÚģ)، 1989 Ûž Ø¨ÚžØ§ØąŲŠ
ŲžŲˆØą ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ø§ØĒ (900 + Ų…ØŗŲ„Ų…Ø§Ų†Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų‚ØĒŲ„)، 1992 Ûž Ø¨Ø¯ŲŠ Ų…ØŗØŦد ØŦ؊ ØĒØ¨Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ŲžŲēŲŠØ§Ų† Ų…Ų„ÚĒ؊
ŲØŗØ§Ø¯Ų† (2،000+ Ų…ØŗŲ„Ų…Ø§Ų†Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈)، 2002 Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ŲžŲˆÚ¯Ų„ŲˆŲ… (2،000+ Ų…ØŗŲ„Ų…Ø§Ų†Ų†
ØŦ؊ Ų‚ØĒŲ„)، 2008 ØŦ؊ Ø§ŲˆØ´ŲŠØ´Ø§ ŲžŲˆŲˆŲ…ŲˆŲ… (100 + ØšŲŠØŗØ§ØĻŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ Ų‚ØĒŲ„)، ÛŊ Ø¨ŲŠØ´Ų…Ø§Øą ŲģŲŠŲ†
Ų†Ų†ÚŲ† ŲžŲŠŲ…Ø§Ų†ŲŠ ØĒ؊ ŲˆØ§Ų‚Øš. ØŗŲ…ŲˆØąŲŠŲˆŲ† Ø§ØŽŲ„Ø§Ų‚ŲŠ Ų†Ų…Ø§ØĻŲ†Ø¯Ų† ØĒŲ†Ø¸ŲŠŲ…Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ØąØŦØŗŲŊØąÚŠ Ųŋ؊Úģ ØŦ؊ Ų„Ø§ØĄ
ØŗÚŲŠŲˆ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠØąŲ† (ØąØ¯ŲˆØ¯ŲŠ / ØąÚĒŲŠØŗØ§ ØŗŲˆØ§Ų…ŲŠ ØŗŲˆÚĒ) ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ) چŲŊŲŠŲžØ§Ų†
Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų†ØŒ Ų‡ÚĒ Ų†ŲŠØ´Ų†Ų„ ØĸØ¯Ų…Ø´Ų…Ø§ØąŲŠ ØąØŦØŗŲŊØąÚŠ (Ø§ŲŠŲ† ŲžŲŠ ŲžŲŠ) ØŦ؈ Ø§ŲžØąŲŠŲ„ 1 ØĒ؊ ÚĒŲŊ ŲŋŲŠŲ†Ø¯ŲˆØŒ ÛŊ
ØĒÚĒŲ„ŲŠŲ ØŗØ§Ų† “ØŽØ§ØąØŦ؊ Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ŲŠ ØĒŲ†Ø¸ŲŠŲ…” .
https://hinduismtruthexposed.wordpress.com/â€Ļ/american-scieâ€Ļ/
ÚžŲ†Ø¯ŲˆØŗØĒØ§Ų†Ųˆ ØŽØ§ØąØŦ ŲŋŲŠŲ„
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ŲˆØ§ØļØ­ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ ØŗŲ…ØŦÚžÚģ ØŦ؊ ÚĒŲˆØ´Ø´ ÚĒØąÚģ Ú¯ÚžØąØŦ؊. ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠŲ† Ø§ŲŠ 4 Ų…ØŽØĒ؄؁ Ų‚ØŗŲ…Ų† Ûž ŲˆØąŲ‡Ø§ØĻ؊
ØŗÚ¯ÚžØŦ؊ Ųŋ؈: (1) ØŦŲˆŲ‡Ų…ŲŠ ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ†ØŒ (2) Ų…Ú†ŲˆÚ†ŲŠŲˆŲ†ÚŠ ÚŠŲŠ ÚŠŲŠØŒ (3) Ø§ŲŠ ÚĒØą Chromosomal ÚŠŲŠ
Ø§ŲŠŲ† ÛŊ (4) ؊؈ Chromosomal ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ†. Ø§ŲŠŲŊŲ…ŲŠ ØŦ؈ ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ† Ø§ŲŠ ØĩŲˆØąØĒ ۞، ŲˆØ§Ų„Ø¯ŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊
ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ† Ûž ŲˆØ§ØąØĢ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ Ø§ŲˆŲ„Ø§Ø¯ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊ ØĩØąŲ ØšØ¯Ø§Ų„ØĒŲ† ØŦ؊ ÚĒŲŠØŗŲ† Ûž Ø§Ų‡Ų…
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Ų‡Ų† Ø¨Ų†ŲŠØ§Ø¯ ØĒ؊ Ø­Ų„ ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈ ÛŊ ÚŠŲŠØŗ ÚŲˆŲ‡Ų‡ Ų…Ų„ŲŠ ؈؊؈. Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ų…ŲŠÚĒ؈ÚĒŲˆÚŠŲˆŲ„ÚŠ ÚŠŲŠ ÚŠŲŠ
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ØĒØ¨Ø¯ŲŠŲ„ ÚĒØĻ؊ ؈ØĻ؊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

Ų‡Ų† Ø¨Ų†ŲŠØ§Ø¯ ØĒŲŠØŒ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØŗÚ€Ų†ŲŠ ØŗŲ…ŲˆØąŲŠ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†ŲŠ Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų†
ØŦ؊ ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ† Ûž 6000 Ų…ØŽØĒ؄؁ ذاØĒŲŠŲ† Ûž ŲˆØąŲ‡Ø§ŲŠŲ„ ڏŲ稧ØĻŲŠŲ†. ØŦ؊ØĒ؈Úģ؊ÚĒ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ø¨Ų‡ Ų†Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ŲžØą Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ
Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† ØŦ؊ ØŗŲ…Ø§ŲŠŲ„ŲŠŲ† ÚŠŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ų„Ø§Ųž ØŗØ§Ų† Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† Ų…ØŽØĒ؄؁ ذاØĒ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† ØŗØ§Ų† ŲžÚģ
Ų…Ų„ŲŠØ§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. 85ŲĒ ØŦ؊ ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ ŲžØąØ§Ú‡Ų†Ø¯Øą Ú€Ø§ØąØĒŲŠŲ† ØŗØ§Ų† Ų…Ų„Ø§ØĻ؊ Ų†Ų‡ Ų‡ØĻ؊ ØĒŲ‡ Ø¨ØąŲ‡ÚģŲ†ØŒ
ÚĒØ´ØĒŲŠØąŲŠ ÛŊ ŲˆØ´ŲŠØŗ ØŦ؊ Ø§Ų‚Ų„ŲŠØĒŲ† ØŗØ§Ų†. ØŦ؊ØĒ؈Úģ؊ÚĒØ› Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ø§ØĻŲ†ØŒ ÚĒØ´ØĒŲŠØąŲŠ ÛŊ ŲˆŲŠØ§Øŗ ØŦ؊ ØŗŲ…Ø§ŲŠŲ„Ų†
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ŲžŲŠØ´ ÚĒØĻ؊ ؈ØĻ؊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ Ų‡ØĒØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø¨ØąØĒŲ†ØŒ Ø¨ØąŲ‡ÚģŲ†ØŒ ÚĒØ´ØĒŲŠØąŲŠ ÛŊ ŲˆØ´ŲŠØŗ ØŦ؊ Ø§ØšŲ„ŲŠ ذاØĒ ŲˆØ§ØąØ§
Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡Ų† ŲžØą Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. Ų…Ø§ØĻÚĒ Ø¨Ø§Ų…ŲŠØ´ Ų‡ÚĒ Ų…Ø´Ų‡ŲˆØą Ø¨ŲŠŲ† Ø§Ų„Ø§Ų‚ŲˆØ§Ų…ŲŠ Ø´ØŽØĩ؊ØĒ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ų‡Ų†
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ØĒØ­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚ ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦ؊ اØŦØ§Ø˛ØĒ ØˇŲ„Ø¨ ÚĒØąŲŠ ØąŲ‡ŲŠŲˆ Ų‡Ųˆ. Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†ŲŠ Ø­ÚĒŲˆŲ…ØĒ ÚŠŲŠØŗ Ø¨Ų‡ اØŦØ§Ø˛ØĒ ÚŲ†ŲŠ
Ų‡ØĻ؊. Ų‡Ų† ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ØĒØ­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚Ø§ØĒ؊ Ø¯ŲØ§Øš ڊاÚĒŲŊØąŲ† ØąŲŠØŗØąÚ† ÚŠŲˆŲŠŲ„ŲžŲ…ŲŠŲ†ŲŊ ØĸØąÚ¯Ų†Ø§ØĻŲŠØ˛ŲŠØ´Ų† (ÚŠŲŠ ØĸØą
ÚŠŲŠ)، Ø­ŲŠØ¯ØąØĸباد Ûž ÚĒ؊؈ Ų‡Ųˆ. Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†ŲŠ Ø­ÚĒŲˆŲ…ØĒ ÚŠŲŠØŗ Ų†Ų‡ ØąÚŗŲˆ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ØĒØ­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚Ø§ØĒ ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦ؊
اØŦØ§Ø˛ØĒ ÚŲ†ŲŠ ؈ØĻ؊ ŲžØą Ø§Ų† ØŗØ§Ų† گڏ Ų‡ÚĒ ŲŊŲŠŲ… ŲžÚģ ÚŲ†Ųˆ. ŲžØ§Úģ Ų…ŲŠŲŊØą Ø¨Ø§Ų…ŲŠØ´Ø§Ø¯ 18 ØŗØ§ØĻŲ†ØŗØ¯Ø§Ų†
ØŦ؊ Ú¯ØąŲˆŲ‡Ų‡ ØŗØ§Ų† Ų„Ø§ÚŗØ§ŲžŲŠŲ„ Ų‡Ųˆ. Ú¯ÚŲˆÚ¯Ú 6 Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†ŲŠ ŲŠŲˆŲ†ŲŠŲˆØąØŗŲŊŲŠŲ† ØŗØ§Ų† گڏ 7 ØĸŲ…ØąŲŠÚĒ؊
ØŗØ§ØĻŲ†ØŗŲŠ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ØąŲ† ŲžÚģ Ų‡Ų† ØĒØ­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚ Ûž Ų…Ų„ŲˆØĢ Ų‡ØĻا.

https://notablebrahmins.wordpress.com/â€Ļ/brahmins-are-terroâ€Ļ/
ØšØ§Ų… ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ Ų‚Ø§Ø¨Ų„ Ø°ÚŠØą Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†ŲŠŲ† ÛŊ ؎اØĩ ØˇŲˆØą ŲžØą چØĒŲ쨧؆ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†ŲŠŲ†

چØĒŲžØąØ§Ų†
Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų† Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų† 28 ØŦŲ†ŲˆØąŲŠØŒ 2016 Ų…Ø­Ø¨ ŲˆØˇŲ† Ų…Ø­Ø¨ŲˆØ¨ Ú€Ø§ØąØĒŲ†ŲŠØ˛ ŲžØąŲˆŲŲŠØŗØą ŲˆŲŠŲ„Ø§Øŗ
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Ø¨ØąŲ‡ÚģŲ† ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų† ØąÚ¯ ŲˆŲŠØ¯ ØŗØ§Ų† ÚŗŲ†ÚŲŠŲ„ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø§ØšŲ„ŲŠ ØšØ¸Ų…ØĒ Ø¨ØąŲ‚ØąØ§Øą ØąÚŠÚģ Ų„Ø§ØĄ. Ø§Ų†Ų‡ŲŠ
ØŗŲˆÚĒŲŊا ۞، Ų‡ÚĒ ØŽŲŠØ§Ų„ŲŠ ÚĒŲ‡Ø§Úģ؊ ÚŠŲŠ ŲģÚŒØ§ŲŠŲˆ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ ŲŊŲ†Ų‡ŲŠ ŲˆŲŠØąŲ† ØŦ؊ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų†ØŒ ÚĒØ´ØĒŲŠØąŲŠ ÛŊ ŲˆØ´ŲŠØŗ
Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų…Ø§ ØŦ؊ Ų…ŲŋŲŠŲ† Ø­ØĩŲ† Ų…Ø§Ų† ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ ŲŋŲŠŲ† Ųŋا ÛŊ Ø´Ø§ÚžŲˆÚ™ŲŠ ÚŠØ§Ų† ØŗŲˆØ§ØĄØŒ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØŗÚ€Ų†ŲŠ ÚŠŲŠ ؎اØĩ
ا؎ØĒŲŠØ§Øą ا؎ØĒŲŠØ§Øą ÚĒØąŲŠ ØĩØąŲ Ų…ŲŋŲŠŲ† ØˇØ¨Ų‚Ų† ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ†. Ų‡Ų†Ų† Ų‡Ų†Ų† Ų…ŲŋØĻŲŠŲ† ŲŊŲ† ŲˆØ§ØąŲ†Ø§ØąŲ† ÚŠŲŠ
“ÚŠŲŠŲˆŲŠØŦ” ØˇŲˆØą ØąÚŠŲŠŲˆ. Dvij ØŦ؈ Ų…ØˇŲ„Ø¨ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ ŲģÚ†Ų† ØŦ؊ ŲģÚ†Ų† ØŦ؊ Ú€ŲŠŲŊ Ûž ŲģŲ‡ Ú€ŲŠØąØ§
ŲŠØ§ØąŲˆØ´ŲŠŲ†. ÚžÚĒÚ™ŲŠ Ų‚Ø¯ØąØĒ؊ Ú„Ų…Úģ ŲžŲ†ÚžŲ†ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø§ØĄ ÛŊ Ųģ؊ ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ØĻØ´ ØŦ؊ ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ØĻØ´ ŲˆØŗŲŠŲ„ŲŠ Ø§ŲžŲ†ŲŠØ§Ų†Ø§
ØŦ؊ ØĒŲ‚ØąŲŠØ¨ ØŦ؈ ا؎ØĒŲŠØ§Øą ØĸÚžŲŠ. Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų† Ų‡ÚĒ ŲģØĻ؊ ŲŲ„ØŗŲŲŠ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Úģ ØŦ؊ ŲˆØ§ØĒ
Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ ŲŋŲŠŲ† Ųŋا. ØĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ų‡ŲˆŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ Ø¨Ų‡ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų„Ų† ŲˆÚŲˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. ØąØ´ØĒØąŲŠØĒا ØŦ؈ØĒŲˆØąŲˆØ§ØĻ؈ ŲŲˆŲ„ ÚŠŲŠ
ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲˆŲ† Ú€ŲŠØąŲˆ Ų‡Ų† Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ø§-ØŗØ§Ø˛Ø´ (Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Úģ-Ú¯ÚžŲˆŲŊØ§Ų„Ø§) ÚŠŲŠ ÚĻŲ‡Ų„Ø§ØĻÚģ ØŦ؈ Ø§Ų„Ø˛Ø§Ų… Ú‡ÚŲŠŲˆ Ų‡Ųˆ.
ÚžŲ† ŲŲ„ØŗŲŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ų…ØˇØ§Ø¨Ų‚ØŒ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų† ØŦŲˆŲ† Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ø§ ØŦ؊ ŲˆØ§ØĒ Ûž ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ ŲŋŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ ØĸÚžŲ†. ØĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ų‡ŲˆŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ
Ø¨Ų‡ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ø§ØĻŲ† ŲˆÚŲŠ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ŲžØą Ų‡Ø§Úģ؈ÚĒ؊ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Úģ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲ† ŲģØ§ØąŲ† ÚŠŲŠ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲ† ŲģØ§ØąŲ† ØŦ؊ ŲžŲŠŲŊ
Ų…Ø§Ų† ØŦŲ†Ų… ÚŲŠÚģ ØŦ؊ Ø¨Ø¯ØąØ§Ų† ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ØĻØ´ ŲˆØ§ØąŲŠ ØšŲˆØąØĒŲ† ÚŠØ§Ų† Ų‚Ø¯ØąØĒ؊ Ú„Ų…Úģ ÚŠŲŠ ڏØĻ؊ ØąŲ‡ŲŠØ§
ØĸŲ‡Ų†ØŸ ڇا Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ ŲˆØ§ØĒ ŲˆØŗŲŠŲ„ŲŠ ÚĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų† ÚŠŲŠ حاØĩŲ„ ÚĒŲŠŲˆØŸ ØŦ؊ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† ÚĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų†
ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų† Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØĢابØĒ Ųŋ؊ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠ Ųŋ؈ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§ØŗŲŠŲ† Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ ØšØ¸Ų…ØĒ Ų‚Ø¨ŲˆŲ„ ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ø§ØŗŲŠŲ†. ڇا Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲ† Ų„Ø§ØĄ
ŲˆÚŲŠ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŸ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų† ØĒŲ…Ø§Ų… Ú¯Ų‡Úģ؈ Ų…Ø´ÚžŲˆØąØŒ Ø­Ų†ŲŠØ§ØĒ؊ ÛŊ Ų†Ų†ÚØ§ Ų†Ų†ÚØ§ Ų…Ø§ÚģÚžŲˆ ØĸÚžŲ†ØŒ ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊
Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ø¯Ų†ŲŠØ§ ØŦ؊ ŲģŲŠŲ† Ø­Øĩ؈Úē Ûž اØĒÚžØ§ØąŲšÛŒ ÚŠŲŠ Ų†Ú€Ø§ÚŗÚžŲ†Ø¯Ø§ ØĸÚžŲŠŲˆŲ†. Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ų…Ø´ÚĒŲ„ØŒ ŲˆØąØĢ؈ ÛŊ Ú¯Ų‡ŲŊ
Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† ØĒ؊ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲ† Ø¯Ų…Ø§ØēŲ† ŲˆØ§Ų†Ú¯Øą ØˇŲˆØ§ØĻ؁ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ø§ Ų‡ØĻا! Ø§Ų‡Ú™Ų† Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲ† ØĩØąŲ ØąÚŗŲˆ
ŲˆØ§Ų‡Ų† ØŗØŗŲŊŲ… ÚŠŲŠ ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ ÚĒ؊؈ ÛŊ اØĩŲ„ŲŠ اØĩŲ„ŲŠ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ŲŠŲ† ÚŠŲŠ ØˇØ§Ų‚ØĒŲˆØą Ø¨Ų†Ø§ŲŠŲˆ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø´Ø§ŲˆØąØ§
Ų‚ØąØ§Øą ÚŲ†Ųˆ ÛŊ بؚد Ûž Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ø´Ø§ÚžŲˆØąØ§ 6 Ų‡Ø˛Ø§Øą Ų…ØŽØĒ؄؁ Ų‚Ų„ØšŲ† Ûž ŲˆØąŲ‡Ø§ØĻ؊ Ú‡ÚŲŠŲˆ.

Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų†
Ų‡ÚĒ ØˇØ¨Ų‚ŲŠ ÚŠŲŠ Ø´ŲŠØąØ§Ú™ ØŦ؊ ŲˆÚ† Ûž ŲˆØąŲ‡Ø§ŲŠŲˆ ÛŊ ÚŠŲŠŲ† ØēŲŠØą Ų…Ų†Ø§ØŗØ¨ Ų‚ØąØ§Øą ÚŲ†Ųˆ. Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲ† ŲžÚģ
ØŦØąØ§ØĢŲŠŲ… Ų‚Ø¨ŲŠŲ„Ų† ÛŊ Ų†Ø§Ų…ŲŠ Ų‚Ø¨ŲŠŲ„Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ ÚĒ؊؈. Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØšŲˆØąØĒŲ† ÚŠŲŠ ŲžÚģ ØēŲ„Ø§Ų… Ø¨Ų†Ø§ŲŠŲˆ ÛŊ
Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø´ŲŠØąØ§-Ø§ŲŠØ´ŲˆØąØ´ØąØ§Øŗ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ų‚Ø§Ø¨Ų„ŲŠ Ûž Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ Ú¯Ų‡ŲŊØĒاØĻ؊ ŲˆØ§ØąŲŠ ØĩŲˆØąØĒØ­Ø§Ų„ ÚŲ†ŲŠ ؈ØĻ؊.
Ų‡Ų† ÚĒØąŲŠØ› ڊاÚĒŲŊØą Ø¨Ø§Ø¨Ø§Ų‡ŲŠØ¨ Ø§Ų…Ø¯ŲŠØąÚĒØą Ų‡Ų†Ų† ؎اØĩ اØĩØˇŲ„Ø§Ø­Ų† Ûž Ų‡Ų†Ų† Ų„ŲØ¸Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ØŗØĒØšŲ…Ø§Ų„ ÚĒ؊؈
Ų‡Ųˆ ØĒŲ‡ “Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Úģ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲ† Ø¯Ų…Ø§Øē ŲˆØ§Ų†Ú¯Øą ØˇŲˆØ§ØĻ؁ ŲˆØ§Ų†Ú¯Øą ØĸŲ‡Ų†”! Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Úģ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲ† ØŽŲŠØ§Ų„Ų† ØŦ؈
Ø§Ø¸Ų‡Ø§Øą ÚĒŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. Ø¨ØąØˇØ§Ų†ŲˆŲŠ Ø­ÚĒŲ…ØąØ§Ų†ŲŠ Ø¯ŲˆØąØ§Ų†ØŒ ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ų‡ ØēŲŠØą Ų…Ų„ÚĒ؊
ØŽŲŠØ§Ų„ ØąÚŠŲ†Ø¯Ú™ ØąŲˆÚŠØŒ Ø´Ú¯Ų„Ų„ ŲžŲˆŲŊŲŠØŒ ØŦ؊ÚĒØ¨ØŒ Ų„ŲŠØŗŲ†ØŒ Ų…ŲŠÚĒŲ„ Ų…ŲˆŲ„ØąØŒ Ø´Ų„ŲŠÚĒچ، Ų…ŲˆŲ…ØŗŲ†ØŒ Ų…ŲˆŲ†ØĻØą
ŲˆŲ„ŲŠŲ…Øŗ ŲģÚŒØ§ŲŠŲˆ Ų‡Ųˆ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Úģ Ų‡ÚĒ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ŲŠ اØĩŲ„ Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ÛŊ Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ اØĩŲ„ŲŠØĄ ŲˆÚ† Ø§ŲŠØ´ŲŠØ§ Ûž
ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ø¨Ø§Ų„ (ÚĒØ´) Ø¨Ų†Ú¯Ų„Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØ´ ØŦ؊ Ų‡ÚĒ Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ Ú¯Ų†Ú¯Ø§Ų‡Øą ØĒŲ„ÚĒÚĒ Ų†Ø§Ų„ŲŠ Ų‡ÚĒ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨ Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲˆØŒ ØŦ؊ÚĒ؈
“ŲˆŲŠÚŠŲŠÚĒŲ„ ØĸØąÚĒŲŊ Ûž ØĸØąÚĒ؊ÚĒÚĒ Ų…ŲŠŲ†” ØąÚŠŲŠŲˆ ؈؊؈ Ų‡Ųˆ. ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ŲˆŲ‚ØĒ ØĒŲŠØŒ ØšØ§Ų… ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ Ų‚Ø¨ŲˆŲ„
ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų† Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų† Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų† ŲžØą Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ اØĒ؊ ØĸŲŠØ§ Ų‡ØĻا ØŦŲ† ØŦ؊ Ø­ŲˆØ§Ų„ŲŠ
ØŗØ§Ų† Ų…ØŽØĒ؄؁ ØąØ§ØĄ Ų‡ØĻا؟ ØĒŲ„ÚŠ ÚŠÛ’ Ų…ØˇØ§Ø¨Ų‚ØŒ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų† Ø´Ų…Ø§Ų„ÛŒ ØĸØąÚŠŲšÚŠ ÚŠÛ’ ØšŲ„Ø§Ų‚Û’ ØŗÛ’ Øĸیا؛
ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ų‡ ŲģŲŠŲ† ØŽŲŠØ§Ų„Ų† ØŦ؈ Ú†ŲˆÚģ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ØŗØ§ØĻØ¨ØąŲŠØ§ØŒ ØĒبØĒ، ØĸŲØąŲŠÚĒØ§ØŒ Ø§Ú€ØąŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ ŲŠŲˆØąŲžØŒ
Ų…ØēØąØ¨ŲŠ ØŦØąŲ…Ų†ŲŠØŒ اØĒØą ŲŠŲˆØąŲžØŒ ڏڊÚģ ØąŲˆØŗŲŠØŒ Ų‡Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠ ؈ØēŲŠØąŲ‡ ؈ØēŲŠØąŲ‡ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. ØŦÚŲ‡Ų† Ø§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØ˛Ų†
Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų† Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØˇŲˆØą Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲŠŲ† ÚŠŲŠ ØŗÚŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ Ų‡ØĻا. ، ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲˆŲ† ØąØ§ØĄ ØŽŲˆØ´ŲŠØĄ ØŗØ§Ų† Ų‚Ø¨ŲˆŲ„
ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ø§ Ų‡ØĻا. Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ ŲžŲˆŲŠØ§Ų† Ų‡ÚĒ Ø§Ų‡Ú™Ųˆ ØĻ؊ ØŗØ¨Ø¨ Ų‡ŲˆØŒ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ų‡ÚĒ Ø­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚ØĒ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ŲžØą Ųģ؊؈ ØšŲ…Ų„ŲŠ
ÚĒØ§ØąÚģ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØĻ؊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Úģ Ø§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØ˛Ų† ØŗØ§Ų† Ų…Ø´Ø§Ų‡Ø¯Ųˆ ÚĒ؊؈ Ų‡Ųˆ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ ØĒŲˆŲ‡Ø§Ų† ŲˆØ§Ų†Ú¯ØąØŒ
Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ØŒ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų† Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. ØĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† ÚĒØąŲŠ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ŲģŲ†Ų‡ŲŠ گڏØŦ؊ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ŲžØąØ§ÚģŲŠŲ† ŲžØąÚ€Ø§Úŗ
Ú€Ø§ØąØĒŲ†ŲŠØŗ ØĒ؊ ØļØ§Ø¨ØˇŲˆ ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ø§ Ų‡ØĻا. (1) Ų…Ų†ØŗŲ…ŲŠØąŲŠŲŊ Ûž Ų‡ÚĒ Ų‡ÚĒ ØŗŲˆŲ„Ųˆ (ØŗŲ„ŲˆÚĒØ§) ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ ØŦŲ†Ų‡Ų†
Ų…Ø§Ų† ØĢابØĒ ŲŋØĻ؊ Ųŋ؈ ØĒŲ‡ Ø¨ØąŲ‡ÚģŲ† ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. Ų…Ų†ØŗŲ„Ų…ŲŠØĒ Ø­Ų…ŲŠ ؁؊. || 24 || Ų…ØˇŲ„Ø¨:
“Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų†ŲŠŲ† ŲģØĻ؊ Ų…Ų„ÚĒ Ûž ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ ÚĒŲŠØ§ ŲˆŲŠØ§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. (Ø¨ØąŲ‡ÚģŲ† Ų‡ÚĒ ÚŒØ§Øą Ų…Ų„ÚĒ Ûž ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ ŲŋŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ú™
ÚŠŲŠØŦØ§Øŗ ØĸŲ‡Ų†). Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Úģ Ų‡Ų† Ų…Ų„ÚĒ Ûž Ø˛Ø¨ØąØ¯ØŗØĒ؊ ØąŲ‡Úģ Ú¯Ų‡ØąØŦ؊! “(2) Ø¨Ø§Ų„ ā¤—ā¤‚ā¤—ā¤žā¤§ā¤° ⤤ā¤ŋ⤞⤕
(ā¤ĩāĨ‡ā¤ĻāĨ‹ā¤‚ ā¤Žā¤ž ⤆⤰āĨā¤•ā¤Ÿā¤ŋ⤕ ā¤šāĨ‹ā¤Ž): -” ā¤ŽāĨ‡ā¤°āĨ‹ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤¯ā¤žā¤¸ ⤕āĨ‡ā¤ĩ⤞ ā¤ĩāĨˆā¤Ļā¤ŋ⤕ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤šā¤ŋ⤤āĨā¤¯ā¤Žā¤ž ⤏āĨ€ā¤Žā¤ŋ⤤ ⤛.
ŲˆŲŠØ¯Ø§Øŗ Ûž Ø§Ų‡Ú™Ø§ ÚĒ؊ ŲˆØ§Ų‚ØšØ§ Ų…ŲˆØŦŲˆØ¯ ØĸŲ‡Ų† ØŦŲ† ÚŠŲŠ ØŗŲŠÚŠØ§ØąŲŠŲˆ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ÛŊ ØŗŲ…ØŦŲ‡Úģ ÚÚŠŲŠŲˆ Ųŋ؊
ŲžŲˆŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. ØŦ؊ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ØŦØ¯ŲŠØ¯ ØŗØ§ØĻŲ†Øŗ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø¯Ø¯ ØŗØ§Ų† Ų…ØˇØ§Ų„ØšŲˆ ÚĒ؊؈ Ų‡Ø§ ØĒŲ‡
ŲžŲˆØĄØŒ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ų†ØĒ؊ØŦ؈ Ø§Ú†ŲŠ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ŲˆŲ† Ųŋا ØĒŲ‡ ŲˆØ§Ø¯Ø¯ŲŠ ØĸØąŲŠŲ† ØŦا ŲžØ§Ø¯ØąŲŠ Ų‡ÚĒ Ø¨ØąŲØ§Ų†ŲŠ Ø¯ŲˆØą ØŦ؊
ØĸØŽØą Ûž اØĒØą ØĸØąÚĒ؊ÚĒ ØŦ؊ ØšŲ„Ø§ØĻŲ‚ŲŠ ØŦ؊ ØąŲ‡Ø§ØĻØ´ ŲžØ°ŲŠØą Ų‡ØĻ؊ “. (3) Ų…ŲˆŲ‡Ų†Ø¯Ø§Øŗ ÚĒØąŲ…Ú†Ų†Ø¯ Ú¯Ø§Ų†ÚŒŲŠ
ÚŠØ§Ų† ÚĒØ§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØŗ ØŦ؊ 39 Ų‡ŲŠŲ† Ų‚Ø§ØĻØ¯Ø§ØšØ¸Ų… ØŦ؊ Ų…Ų‡Ų…Ø§Ų† Ų…Ų‡Ų…Ø§Ų†ŲŠ ØĒŲ‚ØąŲŠØą ÚĒØĻ؊ ØŦ؊ÚĒØ§ 27 ÚŠØŗŲ…Ø¨Øą
1924 ØĒ؊ Ø§ØŽØ¨Ø§Øą “Ø§ŲŠØŦ” Ûž Ø´Ø§ŲŠØš Ųŋ؊ ؈ØĻ؊ Ų‡ØĻ؊. Ø¯ØąŲģØ§Øą ØŗØ§Ų† گڏ ÚĒ؈ Ų…ØŗØĻŲ„Ųˆ Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. -
“Ų‡ÚĒ ŲˆÚŒŲŠÚĒ ØąÚĒØ§ŲˆŲŊ، ØŗŲˆØ§ØąŲŠØŦ ØŦ؊ ŲˆØ§ŲŊ ØĒ؊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ųˆ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲ† ØŗŲˆØąØ§ØŦŲŠØ§ Ų„Ø§ØĄ Ú¯Ų‡ØąØ¨Ų„ Ų†Ų‡
Ųŋا ÚĒØąŲŠ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡Ų†ØŒ ØŦŲŠØŗØĒاØĻŲŠŲ† Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲ† Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ŲžŲŠ ڀاØĻØąŲ† ÚŠŲŠ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲŠ Ų†Ų‡ ÚŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§
ØĸŲ‡Ų†. Ø§Ų†ÚžŲ† ÚŠŲŠ ŲģŲˆÚ™ŲŠ Ú‡ÚŲŠŲˆØŒ Ø§ÚžŲŠ ŲžŲ†ÚžŲ†ØŦ؈ ŲģŲŠÚ™ŲŠ ŲģŲˆÚ™ŲŠ Ú‡ÚŲŠØ§ ØĸÚžŲ†. Ų‡Ø§Úģ؊ Ų‡ÚĒ ÚŲŠŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŒ
Ø§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØ˛Ų† ØŦ؊ ŲŠØąØēŲ„ŲŠŲ† Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ØĸØąŲŠØ§ØĻ؊ ذاØĒ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† ØŦ؊ ŲŠØąØēŲ„ŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ ÚĒØąŲŠ Ú¯Ų‡Úģ؈ ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ų‡
ØšŲ„Ø§ØŦ ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ø§ ØąŲ‡ŲŠØ§ ØŦ؈ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ŲˆØŗØĒØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ ØĒØ§ØąŲŠØŽŲ† ØŦ؈ ØšŲ„Ø§ØŦ ÚĒ؊؈ Ų‡Ųˆ. “(4) ŲžŲ†ÚŒ ØŦŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ú¯ŲŠØą
 Ų†ŲˆØąØ§: - Ų‡Ų† ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ÚŒŲŠØĄ Ø§Ų†Ø¯ØąØ§ Ú¯Ø§Ų†ÚŒŲŠ ÚØ§Ų†Ų‡Ų† Ų‡ÚĒ ØŽØˇ Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲˆ Ų‡Ųˆ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨ Ûž Ų‡ÚĒ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨
ØŦŲ†Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؈ ØšŲ†ŲˆØ§Ų† “ŲžŲŠØĄ ÚŠØ§Ų† Ų‡ÚĒ ØŽØˇ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ÚŒŲŠØĄ” ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ų‡Ų† ØŽØˇ Ûž Ų†ŲŠØąŲˆ ŲˆØ§ØļØ­ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊
Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲˆ Ų‡Ųˆ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲ† ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų† ÛŊ Ø§Ų† ØĒ؊ Ø­Ų…Ų„Ųˆ ÚĒØąŲŠ ØąŲ‡ŲŠØ§ Ų‡ØĻا ØĒŲ‡ ØŗŲ†ÚŒŲˆ ØŗŲ†ÚŒŲˆ
ØĒŲ‡Ø°ŲŠØ¨ ÚŠŲŠ ØĒØ¨Ø§Ų‡Ų‡ ÚĒ؊؈. “Ø§Ú†Ųˆ ÛŊ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ŲžØąÚ€ÚžØ§ Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ Ûž ڇا ŲŋŲŠŲˆØŒ ÚØŗŲˆŲ†. Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ø§Úŗ
Ų‚Ø¯ŲŠŲ… ÚŲŠŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ûž ڏŲē؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ØĢŲ‚Ø§ŲØĒ ÛŊ ØĒŲ‡Ø°ŲŠØ¨ Ų…ØĩØą ŲˆØ§Ų†Ú¯Øą ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊
Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ųˆ Ø§Ų† ŲˆŲ‚ØĒ Øĸباد Ų‡ØĻا Ø¯ØąØ§ŲˆÚ™Ų† ŲˆØ§Ų†Ú¯Øą Ų…Ø´Ų‡ŲˆØą Ų‡ØĻا. ØŗŲ†Ø¯Ų† Ø§ŲˆŲ„Ø§Ø¯ اڄ Ø¨Ų‡ Ų…Ø¯ØąØ§Øŗ ØŦ؊
ØĸØŗ ŲžØ§Øŗ ØąŲ‡Ų†Ø¯Ø§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. ØĸØąŲŠØ§ØĻ؊ Ų‡Ų†Ų† Ø¯ØąØ§ŲˆÚ™Ų† اØĒØą ÚŠØ§Ų† اØĒØą ØĒ؊ Ø­Ų…Ų„Ųˆ ÚĒ؊؈. ŲŠŲ‚ŲŠŲ†Ø§ØŒ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ
ØĸØąŲŠŲ† ŲˆÚ† Ø§ŲŠØ´ŲŠØ§ Ûž ŲˆÚŲŠ ØˇØ§Ų‚ØĒ Ų‡ŲˆŲ†Ø¯ŲŠŲˆŲ† Ų‡ŲŠŲˆŲ†ØŒ ØŦŲ† ÚŠŲŠ ڊاØĻÚģ Ú†Ø§Ų‡ŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ Ų‡ØĻا ÛŊ ŲģŲŠŲ† Ų…Ų„ÚĒŲ†
Ûž ÚŠØ§ÚŒŲŠ ØŦ؊ ØŽŲˆØ§Ų‡Ø´ Ų‡ØĻ؊. “(5) Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨” Ø¨ÚžØ§ØąØĒ Varsh ka Itihas “، Ų„Ø§Ų„Ø§
Ų„Ø§ØŦŲžØĒØąØ§ŲŠ ØĒ؊ ŲˆØ§ØļØ­ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ ØĩŲØ­ŲŠ ØĒ؊ . 21 -22 ØŦŲ†Ų‡Ų† ۞، Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲŠŲ† ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. (6)
Ø¨Ø§Ų„ Ú¯Ų†Ú¯Ø§Ų‡Øą ØĒÚĒÚĒ (Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ ŲˆØąØ´ ŲˆØ§ØąŲˆ ØĸØĻŲ‡Ų‡Ø§ØŗØŒ ØĩŲØ­Ųˆ 87-89) Ų†Ú¯Ø§Øą Ø¨Ø§Ų†Ø¯Ųˆ) (7) ŲžŲ†ÚŠØĒ
Ø´ŲŠØ§Ų…Ø¨Ø§ØąŲŠ Ų…ØąŲŠØŒ Ø§ŲŠŲ… Ø§ŲŠØŒ Ø§ŲŠŲ… ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ. ÛŊ ŲžŲ†ÚŒØĒØŽŲˆØ¯ŲˆØ¯ÚžØ§ØąŲŠ Ų…ØąÛŒØąØ§ØŒ Ø§ÛŒŲ… اے، Ø§ÛŒŲ….
ØĸØą.ا. Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨Ų† Ûž ‘Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ ŲˆØąØ´ ÚĒŲŠØ§ Ø§ØŗŲ‡Ø§ØŗØŒ Ø­Øĩ؈-1، ØĩŲØ­Ųˆ Ų†Ų…Ø¨Øą. 62-63) (8) Ų‡ÚĒ
Ų…ÚžŲŠŲ†Ųˆ ØąØŗØ§Ų„Ųˆ ‘Ų…ÚŒŲˆØąŲŠ’ Ûž ŲžŲ†Ø¯ØąØĒ ØŦØ§Ų†ÚŠŲ†Ų† ڀŲŊ ØˇØąŲØ§Ų† Ø´Ø§ŲŠØš ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. ØŦŲ†Ų‡Ų† ۞،
1925 Øš Ûž Ø´Ø§ŲŠØš ŲŋŲŠŲ„ Ų‡ÚĒ Ų…ØļŲ…ŲˆŲ† ‘Ú€Ø§ØąØĒŲŠŲ‡ ŲžØąØĒاØĒŲˆØ§ŲˆØ§ ØŦ؊ Ų†ŲŠŲŠ ØŽØŦ’ (ØĩŲØ­Ųˆ Ų†Ų…Ø¨Øą
27-29) (9) Ø´ØąŲŠ ŲžØ§Ų†Ø¯ØĒ Ú¯Ų†Ú¯Ø§ŲžØąØ§ØŗØ§Ø¯ØŒ Ø§ŲŠŲ… ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗØŒ ÚŠŲžŲŊ؊ ÚĒ؊ÚĒŲ„ŲˆØ˛ØąØŒ ؊؈.P. ÛŊ
Ø§Úŗ. Ų…ŲŠØąØ§ØĒ ÚĒØ§Ų„ŲŠØŦ ØŦ؊ ŲžØąŲˆŲŲŠØŗØą Ø¨ŲˆØĄ ‘ØŦØĒ؊ Ø¨ŲŠØ¯ŲŠ’ (ØĩŲØ­Ųˆ Ų†Ų…Ø¨Øą 27-30) (10)
‘ØąØ§ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯ØąØ§ Ø¯ØąØ´Ų†’ ØĒ؊ Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲ„ ØŗŲŠŲ†ÚŒ ØŗŲŠŲ†ŲžŲŊ؊ Ú€Ø§Ų†Ø¯Ø§ØąŲŠ ØĒ؊ Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲ„ ØŗŲˆŲˆŲŠ ØŗŲŠŲ†ŲžØąŲŠ ڀŲŊŲŠØ§ØąŲŠ
(11) ‘Ú€Ø§ØąŲŠŲ‡ Ų„ŲŠØĒ؈ØĒ؊’ Ų†Ų…Ø¨Øą 47-51) Ų†Ø§Ú¯Ų†Ø¯ØąØ§Ų†Ųŋ Ø¨Ø§ØŗŲˆ ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų†ØŒ Ø§ŲŠŲ…ØŒ Ø§ŲŠŲ… ÚŠŲŠ (12)
Ų…Ø´Ų‡ŲˆØą Ų…Ø´Ų‡ŲˆØą ØąÚ¯ŲˆŲŠŲ‡ Ų…ØĒØąØŦŲ…ØŒ ØąŲ…ŲŠØ´Ú†Ų†Ø¯ØąØąØ§ ڊØĒŲŊا Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲ„ ‘ŲžØąØ§Ú†ŲŠŲ† Ú€Ø§ØąØĒØ´ŲˆØąØ´ ØŗØ¨Ų‡Ø§ØĒ؊ ÚĒ؊
ØĸØĻŲŠŲ‡Ø§ØŗØŒ Ø­Øĩ؈-1′ (13 ØĸÚĒŲŊŲˆØ¨Øą) (13) Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ŲŠ Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØ¨ ‘Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ŲŠ ڀشا ÚŠŲŠØąŲŠ ØŗŲŠØ¯ŲŊ؊ŲŊ؊’ (14)
Ø¨Ø§Ø¨Ųˆ Ø´ŲŠØ§Ų… ØŗŲ†ØąØŒ Ø¨ŲŠ ØŗŲŠØŒ ÚĒØ´ŲŠŲ†Ú¯Ø§ØąŲŠ ŲžØąØ§Ú†Ų†ŲŠ Øĩبا ØŦ؊ ØŗŲŠÚĒØąŲŠŲŊØąŲŠ ÛŊ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ŲŠ شبدا ØŗØ§Ú¯Øą
ÚĒØ´ØŒ Ø¨ŲŠŲ†ØŗØ§Øŗ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯Ųˆ ŲŠŲˆŲ†ŲŠŲˆØąØŗŲŊ؊ ØŦ؈ ŲžØąŲˆŲŲŠØŗØą Ų„ÚŠŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨- ‘Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ŲŠ ڀشا ØŦ؈ ؈ÚĒØŗ’ (ØĩŲØ­Ųˆ
Ų†Ų…Ø¨Øą 3) -7)
(15) ŲžŲ†ÚŠØĒ Ų„ŲŠÚĒŲ† Ų…Ų†Ø§ØąØ§ØĻŲ† باØē، Ø¨ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŒ ‘Ø´ØąŲŠØąØ´Ø´Ų† ØŗŲŠŲ†Ø§Ø´’ ØŦا
Ø§ŲŠÚŠŲŠØ´Ų†Ų„ ‘(Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØĩŲØ­Ųˆ Ų†Ų…Ø¨Øą 8-9 ØĒ؊ ÛŊ’ Hindutva ‘ØŦ؊ Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲ„ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨ ØŦ؈ 29 ØĒ؊) (16)
ŲžŲ†ÚŠØĒ ØŦØ§Ú¯Ų†Ø§Ųŋ ŲžŲŠŲ†Ú†ŲˆŲ„ŲŠ Ú¯ŲˆØ¯ Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲ„ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨-’ ØĸØąŲŠŲˆŲ† ڊا ØšØ¯Ų… Ų†Ø§ØĻŲŠØŗ ‘(17) ØąØ§Ų‡ Ø¨Ų‡Ø§Ø¯Øą
Ú†Ų†ŲŊŲŠŲ†Ø§Ų…Ų†ŲŠ ŲˆŲ†Ø§ŲŠÚŠŲŠ ŲˆŲŠÚŠŲŠØŒ Ø§ŲŠŲ…ØŒ Ø§ŲŠŲ„ Ø§ŲŠŲ„ Ø¨ŲŠ.، Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲ„ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨- Ų…Ų‡Ø§ØąØ§Ųŋ Ų…ŲŠØŗŲŠØŗ (18)
ØŗŲˆØ§Ų…ŲŠ ØŗØĒŲŠØ¯ŲˆŲŠŲˆØŦ؊ ŲžØąŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ Ø¸ØąØ§ Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲ„ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨-’ Ø´ŲŠØ´Ø§Ø´Ø§ ‘(Ų†Ų…Ø¨Øą 8 ÛŊ 9) (19) ØąØ§Ų…Ø§Ų†Ų†Ø¯
چØĒØąØŦی، Ø§ÚŠÛŒŲ„Úž ÛŲ†Ø¯ŲˆØŗØĒØ§Ų†ÛŒ ÛŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ Ų…ÛØ§ÛØ§ÛØ§ ÚŠÛ’ 29 ŲˆÛŒÚē ÚŠØ§Ų†ŲØąŲ†Øŗ ÚŠÛ’ ØŗØąØ¨ØąØ§Û Ø§ŲˆØą
‘ØŦدید ØŦاØĻØ˛Û’ ÚŠÛ’ Ø§ÛŒÚˆÛŒŲšØą. Ų‡Ų† ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ Ų…Ų‡Ų…Ø§Ų† Ų…Ų‡Ų…Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ ØĒŲ‚ØąŲŠØą Ûž Ú†ŲŠŲˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ
Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲ† ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. (20) Ø§Ú†Ø§ØąŲŠŲˆ ŲžØąØ§ØąØ§ŲØąØ§ Ú†Ų†Ø¯Øą ØąØ§ ØŦ؊ Ų…ØļŲ…ŲˆŲ† ØąŲˆØ˛Ø§Ų†Ų‡ Ø§ØŽØ¨Ø§Øą
Ø§ØŽØ¨Ø§Øą “ØĸØŦ” Ûž 29 Ų†ŲˆŲ…Ø¨Øą 1926 Øš ØĒ؊ Ø´Ø§ŲŠØš ÚĒ؊؈. (21) ‘Ø¯ŲŠŲ‡Ų‡ ڀÚĒŲŊ’ ØŦ؈ Ø§ŲŠÚŠŲŠØ´Ų†Ų„. 29
ŲŲŠØ¨ØąŲˆØąŲŠ 1924) (22) ŲŠŲˆÚ¯Ø´Ú†Ų†Ø¯ØąØ§ ŲžØ§Ų„ ØŦ؊ Ų…ÚžŲŠŲ†Ø§ Ų†ŲŠŲˆØ˛ ŲžŲŠŲžØą ‘ŲžØąŲŠŲ…ŲŠØŗ Ø¯ØąØ¯ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ų†’
ØŦ؈ Ų…ØĻ؊ 1927 Øš Ûž Ø´Ø§ŲŠØš Ųŋ؊؈. 136-143. (23) ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲˆŲ† ŲžØŗŲ…Ø§Ų†Ø¯Ų‡ ÚĒŲ…ŲŠØ´Ų† ØŦ؈ÚĒ
ÚĒØ§Ų„ŲŠŲ„ÚĒØ§Øą ØŦ؊ ØŗØąØ¨ØąØ§Ų‡ŲŠ Ûž Ų‚Ø§ØĻŲ… ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈ ØŦŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ûž Ų‡Ų† اؚØĒØąØ§Ų ÚĒ؊؈ Ų‡Ųˆ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ Ø¨ØąŲ‡ÚģŲ†
ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. ØŦ؊ØĒ؈Úģ؊ÚĒ Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ اڃا Ø¨Ų‡ ŲØŽØą Ų†Ų‡ ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ ØŦ؊ØĻŲ† ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØ˛Ų†
IPrabuddha Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ŲžÚģ ØĸŲ‡Ų† “Ų‡ŲŠ Ų‡Ų† Ų…Ų„ÚĒ ØŦ؊ ØšŲˆØ§Ų… ØŦ؊ Ų‡ÚĒ Ų„Ø§Ú™Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ
ØˇØ§Ų‚ØĒŲˆØą Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† ØŦ؊ اØĢØą Ų‡ŲŠŲē Ø˛Ų†Ø¯Ú¯ŲŠ Ú¯Ø°Ø§ØąÚģ Ų„Ø§ØĄØŒ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ØŦØ§Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø­ŲØ§Ø¸ØĒ Ų„Ø§ØĄØŒ ØŦ؊ØĻØąŲˆ
ØŽŲˆØ´ ÛŊ Ų…Ø­ŲŲˆØ¸ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ø§Ų† Ø¯ŲˆØą Ûž ØĩØąŲØŒ Ų‡Ų† Ų…Ų„ÚĒ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† Ø¨ØąŲ‡ÚģŲ† ÛŊ Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ ØŗŲ†ØŗÚĒØąØĒ Ø˛Ø¨Ø§Ų†
ØŦ؊ ØšØ¸Ų…ØĒ Ų‚Ø¨ŲˆŲ„ ÚĒØĻ؊ Ų‡ØĻ؊. Ø§Ų† Ø˛Ų…Ø§Ų†ŲŠ ۞، ØŦÚŲ‡Ų† Ø­ÚĒŲ…ØąØ§Ų† ØĒØ¨Ø¯ŲŠŲ„ ŲŋŲŠØŒ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØšØąØ¨Ų† ÛŊ
ŲžØ§ØąØŗŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ø§ØšŲ„ŲŠ ØšØ¸Ų…ØĒ ÚŠŲŠ Ų‚Ø¨ŲˆŲ„ ÚĒ؊؈. Ø§Ų† ÚŠØ§Ų† ŲžŲˆØĄØŒ Ø§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØ˛Ų† ØĸŲŠØ§ ÛŊ ØŗÚ€Ų†ŲŠ Ų…Ø§ÚģÚžŲ†
ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲ† Ø˛Ø¨ØąØ¯ØŗØĒŲŠØĄ ØŗØ§Ų† ØŽŲˆØ´Ú¯ŲˆØ§Øą Ų‚Ø¨ŲˆŲ„ ÚĒ؊؈ .Ø§Ú¯Øą Ø§ØŗŲŠŲ† Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ų‡ ŲžØąØ§Úģ؊
Ų†Ø§Ų„Ųˆ ÚŲŠÚģ Ú†Ø§Ų‡ŲŠŲ† Ųŋا، ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊ ØšŲˆØ§Ų… ÚŠŲŠ ØŗŲ†Ú€Ø§Ų„Úģ ØŦ؊ ØˇØ§Ų‚ØĒ حاØĩŲ„ ÚĒŲ† Ųŋا، ŲžŲˆØĄ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ø§Ų†
ÚŠŲŠ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų†ŲŠŲ† ØŗÚŲŠŲ† Ųŋا. Ø¨ØąØˇØ§Ų†ŲˆŲŠ Ø­ÚĒŲ…ØąØ§Ų†ŲŠ Ø¯ŲˆØąØ§Ų†ØŒ ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ØŗÚŲŠ ØąŲ‡ŲŠØ§ Ų‡ØĻا
Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲ† ØˇŲˆØą Ø§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØ˛Ų† Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ų‡ØĻا. Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ŲžØ§Úģ ÚĒ؈ŲēŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ Ų‡ØĻا ØĒŲ‡ØŒ “Ø§ØŗŲŠŲ†
Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų† اڄ ØĸŲ‡Ų†” .Ø§Ú¯Øą ØŗŲˆØ§ØąØŦŲŠØ§ Ûž ŲžÚ쨌 Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†ŲŠŲ† ŲˆØ§Ø­Ø¯ Ø­ÚĒŲ…ØąØ§Ų† ØĸŲ‡Ų†ØŒ ØĒŲ‡ Ø´Ø§ŲŠØ¯
Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ÚĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† ذاØĒ ŲŠØ§ ÚĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ Ų…Ø°Ų‡Ø¨ ŲŠØ§ ÚĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ų…Ų„ÚĒ Ų…Ø§Ų†. ØŗŲŠØ§ØŗØĒ ØĩØąŲ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų‚Ø¨Øļ؊
Ų‡ŲŠŲē ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. ØĒØšŲ„ŲŠŲ…ŲŠ Ų†Ø¸Ø§Ų… Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų‡ŲŋŲ† Ûž ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ÛŊ Ų…ŲŠÚŠŲŠØ§ ØŦ؈ ØšŲˆØ§Ų… ÚŠŲŠ ØŗŲ†Ú€Ø§Ų„ŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ
Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų‡ŲŋŲ† Ûž ŲžÚģ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. ” (Ø­ŲˆØ§Ų„Ų‡: Ø§ŲŠÚŠŲŋÚĒÚĒ Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ Ų†ŲŠØąØĒا: - ÚĒØŗØŗØ§Ų‡ŲŠØ¨ ÚĒŲ„ŲŠÚĒŲŊØąØŒ
Ų„ŲŠÚŠÚĒ- ØąŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯Øą ÚĒŲ„ŲŠŲ„ÚĒØŒ ØĩŲØ­Ųˆ Ų†Ų…Ø¨Øą 594-95، ÚŠŲˆŲŠØ˛Ų† ڊاØĒŲŠØŒ Ø§Ų†ŲØ§ØąŲ…ŲŠØ´Ų† ÛŊ ŲŊ؊ÚĒŲ†Ø§Ų„Ø§ØŦ؊
ŲˆØ˛Ø§ØąØĒ Ø´Ø§ŲŠØš ÚĒØąÚģ) Ø¨ØąØˇØ§Ų†ŲˆŲŠ Ú†ŲˆÚģ Ų„ÚŗØ§ ØĒŲ‡ ‘Ø§ØŗŲŠŲ† اڄ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų†Øŗ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠŲˆŲ†’. Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؈ Ų…ØˇŲ„Ø¨ Ų‡ŲŠ
ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲŠŲ† ŲˆØ§Ų†Ú¯Øą Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų† Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. ØŦ؊ØĒ؈Úģ؊ÚĒØ› ÚĒŲ„ŲŠŲ„ÚĒ Ú†ŲŠŲˆ ØĒŲ‡
Ø§Ú„ŲˆÚĒ؊ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØĄ ØŦ؈ Ų†Ø§Ų„Ųˆ Ø¨Ų‡ØŒ ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų†Øŗ ØąÚŗŲˆ ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ Ø¨ØąŲ‡ÚģŲ† ØŗØ§Ų† ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. (24)
ŲžŲŠ. ÚĒØ§ØĻŲ†: - Ų…Ø°Ų‡Ø¨ŲŠ Ų†ØĢØą ØŦ؊ ØĒØ§ØąŲŠØŽ. (25) ØąØ§Ų‡ÚŒŲˆŲ…Ųˆ Ų…ÚŠÚžØąØŦ؊. 41 ÛŊ 47- “Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†
ØŦ؈ Ú†ŲŠŲ ØĒØ§ØąŲŠØŽ ØĸØąŲŠØ§ØĻ؊ ØŦ؊ Ø¯Ø§ØŽŲ„ŲŠ ØŗØ§Ų† Ø´ØąŲˆØš ŲŋØĻ؊ Ųŋ؈”. Ø­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚ØĒ ۞، Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ų‡ÚĒ ØŗÚ†ŲŠ ØĒØ§ØąŲŠØŽ
Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ÛŊ ØĸØąŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ ÚĒØ§ Ø¨Ų‡ Ø¯Ø§ØŽŲ„Ø§ Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ŲžØą Ø§Ų†ÚŠŲŠØ§ Ûž ØĸØąŲŠŲ† ØĒ؊ Ø­Ų…Ų„Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ! (26)
ÚŠŲŠ ÚŠŲŠ ÚŠŲˆØŗŲŠØ¨ŲŠ: ŲžØąØ§Ú†ŲŠŲ† Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ ÚŠŲŠ ØŗŲˆÚĒ؈ÚĒ؈ŲŊ ÛŊ ØŗØ¨Ų‡Ø§ØĒ؊- ÚŠŲˆØŗŲŠØ¨ŲŠ ŲžÚģ ŲģڌاØĻ؊ Ųŋ؈ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ
Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲŠŲ† Ø§Ų†ÚŠØŗ ØĒŲ‡Ø°ŲŠØ¨ ÚŠŲŠ ØĒØ¨Ø§Ų‡Ų‡ ÚĒ؊؈. (27) ØąØ§Ų‡ŲˆŲ„ ØŗŲˆØŗŲŋØąŲŠØĒŲŠØ§: ŲˆÚ¯Ø§Ú¯Ø§ Ú¯Ų†Ú¯Ø§ (28)
ØŦØ§ŲˆŲŠØ¯Ø¯ŲŠ Ø¯ŲŠØ´ŲŠŲŊ ÛŊ ŲžØąØĒا ØŦŲˆØ´ŲŠ (IPS)، Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ÚĒØ§ÚŠŲ†Ø§ØŗŲŋ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲ† ŲžÚģ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ ØąØ§ŲŠØ§
ÚŲŠŲ‡Ø§Ų† ŲŋŲŠŲˆŲ†ØŒ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†ŲŠŲ† ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ† Ø§ŲŠ ØĒØ­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚Ø§ØĒ؊ ØąŲžŲˆØąŲŊ (2001) ØŦ؊ Ø¸Ø§Ų‡Øą
Ųŋ؊Úģ ÚŠØ§Ų†ŲžŲˆØĄ ØŦŲˆØ´ŲŠ Ų‡Ų† ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨ ÚŠŲŠ “ÚĒ؈ÚĒØĒØ§ØĒا چŲŊŲŠŲžØ§Ų†Ų† ØŦ؊ ŲŠŲˆŲ†Ø§Ų†ŲŠ اØĩŲ„” Ų†Ø§Ų„ŲŠ ÚĒØĒØ§Ø¨
Ų„ÚŠŲŠØ§. Ø­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚ØĒ ۞، Ų…ŲŠŲŊØą Ø¨Ø§Ų…ŲŠØ´ ØˇØąŲØ§Ų† Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ø§ØĻŲ† ØŦ؊ ØĒ؁ØĩŲŠŲ„ŲŠ ŲžŲˆØŗŲŊ Ø§ŲŠÚŠØąŲŠØŗ ØŦ؊ Ø¸Ø§Ų‡Øą
Ųŋ؊Úģ ÚŠØ§Ų† ŲžŲˆØĄ ØŦŲˆØ´ŲŠ ØŦ؈ ØąØ¯ØšŲ…Ų„ Ų‡Ųˆ. Ų‡ÚĒ Ø´ŲŠØĄ Ų„Ø§ØĄ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ØŦŲˆØ´ŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ų„Ø§ØĄ Ø´ÚĒØąÚ¯Ø°Ø§Øą ØĸŲ‡ŲŠŲˆŲ†
ØĒŲ‡ Ų‡Ųˆ Ú¯Ų‡ŲŊ Ûž Ú¯Ų‡ŲŊ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ Ų‚Ø¨ŲˆŲ„ ÚĒ؊؈ ØĒŲ‡ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲ† Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų† Ûž ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų†! ØĸØŽØąÚĒØ§ØąØŒ ڇا
ØąŲ‡ŲŠ Ųŋ؈ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ ÚĒØ¨ØąØ§ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲŠŲ† ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ØĒØšŲ„Ų‚Ø§ØĒ ÚŠŲŠ ŲŠŲˆŲ†Ø§Ų†ŲŠ ØĒŲ…Ø¯Ų† ØŗØ§Ų† ÚŗŲ†ÚÚģ ØŦ؊ ÚĒŲˆØ´Ø´
ÚĒØĻŲŠØŒ ØŦ؊ÚĒ؈ ØĩØąŲ Ų‡ÚĒ Ø¨ŲŠØ´Ų…Ø§Øą ÚĒŲˆØ´Ø´ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ! Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų†ŲŠŲ† ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ŲŠŲˆŲ†Ø§Ų†ŲŠ ØĒÛØ°ŲŠØ¨ ØŗØ§Ų† ØĩØąŲ
ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ØēŲŠØą Ø§ØŽŲ„Ø§Ų‚ŲŠØŒ Ų†Ø´ŲˆŲˆŲ†Ų…Ø§ ÛŊ ÚŠŲ„ŲŠŲ„ ØŦŲ†ØŗŲŠ ØĒŲŠØ˛ŲŠ ÚŲŠÚŠØ§ØąŲŠ ÚŲŠÚŠØ§ØąÚģ ØŦ؊ ÚĒŲˆØ´Ø´ ÚĒØąŲŠ
ØąŲ‡ŲŠØ§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. Ø­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚ØĒ ۞، Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø¯ØšŲˆŲ‰ Ûž ÚĒ؈ Ø¨Ų‡ ØŗÚ† Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ! (29) Ø§ŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ Ú†Ø§ŲžØąÚĒØ§Øą-
Ų‡ŲŠØĄ ‘Ú†ŲžŲ†ŲžØą’ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų† ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ Ų…ØļŲ…ŲˆŲ† Ûž ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ Ų…ØŽØĒ؄؁ ØąØ§ØĄ ÚŠŲŠ ‘چŲŊØ§ŲžØ§ŲˆØ§Ų†Ø§Øŗ ÚĒŲŋØ§Ų†
ØĸŲŠØ§ Ų‡ØĻا؟’ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØŗÚ€Ų†ŲŠ Ø¨ŲŠØ§Ų†Ų† ØŦ؈ Ų‡ÚĒ ØšØ§Ų… Ų†ØĒ؊ØŦ؈ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ØŒ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…ÚģŲ† Ų‡Ų† Ų…Ų„ÚĒ ÚŠØ§Ų†
ŲģØ§Ų‡Øą Øĸ؊؈. ØĩŲØ­ŲŠ ØĒ؊. 295 Ûž Ų‡Ų† ÚǨ਴ ØŦ؈ ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ų‡ ØąØ§ØĄ Ø´Ø§Ų…Ų„ ÚĒ؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠØŒ ØŦŲ†Ų‡Ų† ÚŠŲŠ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ
ÚŲ†Ųˆ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. “ÚĒŲ†ŲˆØĒاØĒا ÚĒŲ‡Ú™Ųˆ ÚĒŲŋØ§Ų† اچÚģ ÚŠØ§Ų† ØĸŲŠØ§ØŒ Ų…Ų†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ØŗŲˆÚ†Úģ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ
Ø´Ø§ŲŠØ¯ ØŗŲ†ÚŒ ØŦ؊ Ų‚ŲŠŲ…ØĒ ØąØŗØĒ؊ ØĒ؊ ÚĒØĒØ§ØŦŲ‡Ø§ Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ÚŠŲŠ ÚĒŲ„Ø§Ø¨Ø§ ÛŊ Ratnagiri ÚØ§Ų†Ų‡Ų† Ø§ŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§
ØĸŲ‡Ų†. Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØļŲ„ØšŲ† Ûž Øĸباد Ųŋ؊؈. ØŗØ¨Ø¨Ų†: - ØŦ؊ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† Ų„ØŗØ§Ų†ŲŠ Ų†Ų‚ØˇŲŠ Ų†Ø¸Øą ØŦ؊ Ø°ØąŲŠØšŲŠ
ØŗŲˆÚ†ŲŠŲˆ ØŗŲŠŲ† ØĒŲ‡ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ÚĒØĒŲ†ØĒاØĒ ÛŊ Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ŲģŲˆŲ„ŲŠØĄ ØŦ؊ ŲžØąØ§Úģ؊ ŲģŲˆŲ„ŲŠ ØŦ؊ ŲˆÚ† Ûž Ų‡ÚĒ ŲˆÚŲŠ
Ų‡ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ú™Ø§ØĻ؊ ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ ÚĒŲ†Ø¯Ø§ØŗŲŠŲ†. Ų…ØĢØ§Ų„ ÚĒ؊ ØŗŲŠ (چØĒŲžØ§ŲˆŲ† ŲģŲˆŲ„ŲŠØĄ Ûž)، Ų…ØšŲ†ŲŠ ‘ØŦØĒ؊ ØĒŲˆŲ‡Ø§Ų†
ØĸŲ‡ŲŠŲˆ’ ÚĒŲŠŲŠØ§ Ú†ŲŠ (Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ Ûž) ØĸŲ‡Ų†. Ú¯Ų‡ŲˆŲŊ ÚŠŲŠ Ú¯Ų‡ŲˆÚ™ŲŠ Ų„Ø§ØĄØŒ چØĒŲžØ§Ų†Ųˆ Ûž ÚĒØĒŲ† Ų„Ø§ØĄ ÚĒØĒŲˆØąŲˆ
Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ؊ ŲģŲˆŲ„ŲŠØĄ Ûž ÚĒØĒØ§ØĄ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ÚĒØĒŲˆØŒ Ú¯ÚžŲˆÚ™Ųˆ ØŦŲˆÚ™Ųˆ ŲēŲŊ؈ Ųŋ؊؈. ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ų‡ ŲžØąØ§Úģ؊ چŲŊŲ† Ųŋا Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ųˆ
ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦŲ† ŲžØąØ§Úģ؊ Ú†Ų†ØĒŲ† ŲģŲˆŲ„ŲŠØĄ ØŦا Ų„ŲØ¸ ØĸŲ‡Ų† ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊ Ų†ØĢŲŠØą ØŗØą ØŗŲ†ÚŒ ØŦ؊ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯Ųˆ Ų†ØŗŲ„ ŲˆØ§Ų†Ú¯Øą.

Ú†Ų†Ø§Ų†Ø§Ų†
ØŦا Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ųˆ Ø§Ų† ÚŠØ§Ų† Ú¯Ų‡ŲŊ Ų‡ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ú™Ø§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†ØŒ Ú‡Ųˆ ØĒŲ‡ ØŗŲ†Ø¯Ų† Ų‚Ø¨ŲŠŲ„Ų† اØĒØą ÚŠØ§Ų† ڏڊÚģ Ûž Ø¯ŲŠØą ØŗØ§Ų†
Ú¯Ų‡ŲŊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ÛŊ Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† Ų‚Ø¨ŲŠŲ„Ø§ ØŦ؊ ŲˆÚ† Ûž ÚŠÚ¯Ų‡Ųˆ ØšØąØĩ؊ ØĒاØĻŲŠŲ†ØŒ اÚĒØĢØąŲŠØĒ Ų‚Ø¨ŲŠŲ„Ų† ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ Ų‚Ø¨ŲŠŲ„Ų†
ØŗØ§Ų† Ų…Ų„Ø§ØĻ؊ Ų†Ų‡ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠØ§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. (31) ØŗŲˆØ§Ų…ŲŠ Ø¯ŲŠØ¯Ø§ØąŲ†Ø¯ ØŗØąØŗŲˆØĒ؊: - Ų‡Ų† Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ŲžÚģ Ú†ŲŠŲˆ Ų‡Ųˆ
ØĒŲ‡ØŒ Ø¨ØąŲ‡ÚģŲ† ŲžØąÚŲŠŲ‡ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. (32) Ų‡Ų† Ú†ŲŠŲˆ ØĒŲ‡ ” Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø§Ų„Úŗ ÚĒØ§Ų†ŲØąŲ†Øŗ Ûž Ų…ŲˆØŦŲˆØ¯
Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ø§ØĻŲ† ŲžÚģ Ø­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚ØĒ Ų…Ø§Ų† ØĢابØĒ ŲŋŲŠØ§ ØĸŲ‡Ų† ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ØēŲŠØąŲ…ØŗŲ„Ų…ŲŠŲ† ØĸŲ‡Ų†. اب، Ų…Ų†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؈ ØŽŲŠØ§Ų„
ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ ⤝āĨ€ ØĢØ¨ŲˆØĒā¤šā¤°āĨ‚ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤Žā¤žā¤Ŗā¤ŋ⤤ ⤗⤰āĨā¤¨ ⤝āĨ‹ā¤—āĨā¤¯ ⤛⤍āĨ ⤕ā¤ŋ ā¤ŦāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤šāĨā¤Žā¤Ŗ ā¤ĒāĨā¤°ā¤­ā¤žā¤Ē⤤ ā¤­ā¤žā¤°ā¤¤ ā¤Žā¤ž
ā¤Ē⤰ā¤ĻāĨ‡ā¤ļāĨ€ ā¤šāĨā¤¨āĨ.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitpavan
باڞØŦ؊ ØŽØ§Ų†Ø¯Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø¨Ø§Ų„Ø§ Ø¨Ø§Ų„Ø§ ŲˆØ´Ų†Ø§Ų†Ųŋ Ų…Ø§Ų†
Ø¨ŲŠŲ†ŲŠ
Ø¨Ų†ŲŠØąŲŠ ØąØ§Ú¯Ø§Ø¯ ØļŲ„ØšŲŠ ØŦ؈ ŲŠŲ‡ŲˆØ¯ŲŠŲ† ØšØ§Ų„Ų… Ø¯ŲŠŲ† ØąØ§Ų…ÚĒØ´Ų† Ú¯ŲˆŲžØ§Ų„ Ú€Ø§Ų†Ø¯Ø§ØąØ§Øą Ú†ŲžŲ†ŲžØą Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų†
ØŦ؊ Ų†Ø§Ų„Ų† ØŦ؊ ŲˆÚ† Ûž ÛŊ ŲŲ„ØŗØˇŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ ØŦØ§Ú¯ØąØ§ŲŲŠØ§ØĻ؊ Ų…Ø§ÚŗŲ† ØŦ؊ ŲˆÚ† Ûž Ų‡ÚĒØŦŲ‡Ú™Ø§ØĻ؊ ÚŲŠÚŠØ§ØąŲŠØ§
ØĸŲ‡Ų†. Ø¨Ø§Ų„ŲŠØŦ؊ ŲˆØ´Ų†Ø§Ų† باڞØĒØ§Ų„ŲŠ باØŦ؈ ØąØ§
Ú†ŲžØĒŲžØąØ§Ų† Ø¨ØąÛŲ…Ų† ÚŠŲ…ÛŒŲˆŲ†ŲšÛŒ Ų…ÛŒÚē ÚˆÚžŲˆŲ†ÚˆØ´
ÚŠØąŲˆŲŠ ÚŠØąŲˆŲŠØŒ ØŦØŗŲšØŗ Ų…Ų‡Ø¯ŲŠŲ Ú¯ŲˆŲˆŲ†Ø¯ ØąŲ†ÚŠŲŠÚŠØŒ ŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲŠ Ø¯Ø§Ų…ŲˆØ¯Ø§Øą ØŗØ§ā¤°āĨā¤ĩā¤žā¤°ā¤žā¤°ØŒ ⤗āĨ‹ā¤Ēā¤žā¤˛ ⤗⤪āĨ‡ā¤ļ
⤅⤗āĨā¤°ā¤ĩā¤žā¤˛ØŒ ā¤ĩā¤ŋ⤍āĨ‹ā¤Ŧā¤ž ⤭āĨā¤ĩ⤍. ⤚⤟ā¤Ēā¤ĩ⤍ ā¤ŦāĨā¤°ā¤žā¤šāĨā¤Žā¤Ŗ ā¤¸ā¤ŽāĨā¤Ļā¤žā¤¯ØŒ Ú¯Ø§Ų†Ø¯ÚžÛŒØ§Ų† ØąŲˆØ§ŲŠØĒ Ų…ÛŒÚē Ø¯Ųˆ Ø§ÛŲ…
ØŗŲŠØ§ØŗØĒØ¯Ø§Ų† Ø´Ø§Ų…Ų„ ہیÚē: Ú¯ŲžØ§Ų„ ⤕āĨƒā¤ˇāĨā¤Ŗ ⤗āĨ‹ā¤–āĨ‡ā¤˛ØŒ ØŦŲ† ÚŠŲŠ Ú¯Ø§Ų†ÚŒŲŠ ⤕āĨƒā¤ˇāĨā¤Ŗ ⤗āĨ‹ā¤–āĨ‡ā¤˛ØŒ Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊
Ų…Ø´Ų‡ŲˆØą Ø´Ø§Ú¯ØąØ¯Ų† Ų…Ø§Ų† Ų‡ÚĒ Ų‡Ųˆ Ú€Ø§Ųˆ. Ú¯Ø§Ų†ÚŒŲŠ Bhave ÚŠŲŠ “ØŗŲ†Ø¯Øŗ Ø´Ø§Ú¯ØąØ¯Ų† ØŦ؊ Ø˛ŲŠŲˆØą” ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊
Ø¨ŲŠØ§Ų† ÚĒ؊؈ ÛŊ Ú¯ŲˆØŽŲ„ŲŠ ÚŠŲŠ ØŗŲ†Ø¯Øŗ ØŗŲŠØ§ØŗŲŠ Ú¯ØąŲˆ ØŦ؊ Ø­ŲŠØĢ؊ØĒ ØŗØ§Ų† ØĒØŗŲ„ŲŠŲ… ÚĒ؊؈ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

ŲˆŲ†ŲžŲŠŲˆ
ÚŠØ§Ų…ØąØ§Øą ØŗŲˆØ§ØąØ§ØąØ§ØąØŒ Ø´Ø§ŲˆŲ„ ÚĻŲŠØąŲŠ ØŦ؊ ØŗŲŠØ§ØŗŲŠ Ų†Ø¸ØąŲŠŲŠ ØŦ؈ Ø¨Ø§Ų†ŲŠ ŲˆÚ†ŲˆŲ„ŲŠ Ø¯ŲŠŲˆØĒا، Ų‡ÚĒ Ú†ŲžØĒØ§Ų†
Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ø§Ų† Ų‡Ųˆ ÛŊ ÚĒ؊ØĒØąŲ† ØĻ؊ Ú†ŲžŲ†ŲžØąŲŠŲ† Ø§Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲˆŲ† ØĻ؊ Ų‚ØąØ§Øą ÚŲ†Ųˆ Ų‡Ųˆ ڇاÚĒØ§Úģ ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ
Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ØŗŲˆÚ†Ų†Ø¯Ø§ ØĸŲ‡Ų† ØĒŲ‡ Ø§Ų‡Ųˆ ŲžŲŠØ´ŲˆØ§ ØŦ؊ ŲˆØąØĢ؊ ÛŊ ØĒŲŠŲ„ÚĒ ØŗØ§Ųŋ؊ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ų†ØˇŲ‚ŲŠ ŲˆØ§ÚŒ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ
چØĒŲžØ§ŲˆØ§Ų† Ú€ŲˆŲ„ŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†ŲŠ ØŗŲˆØ´Ų„ ØŗÚŒØ§ØąŲ† ØŦ؊ ØĒØ­ØąŲŠÚĒ ÛŊ Ú¯Ø§Ų†ÚŒŲŠ ØŦ؊ ÚĒØ§Ų…ŲŠØ§Ø¨ŲŠ ØŗŲŠØ§ØŗØĒ
ØŗØ§Ų† گڏ ØŦØ§ØĄ ØĒ؊ Ų…Ø­ØŗŲˆØŗ ÚĒŲŠØ§. ÚĒŲ…ŲŠŲˆŲ†ŲŊ؊ ØŦ؊ ŲˆÚŲŠ Ø§Ų†Ú¯ ØŗØ§ŲŋØ§ØąØ§ØąØŒ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯Ųˆ Ų…Ø­Ø§ØŗØ¨Ų‡ ÛŊ
ØĸØŽØąÚĒØ§Øą ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ ÚŠŲŠ Ų†Ø¸Øą ØĸØĻ؊. ، Ų‡Ų† ØąØŦØšØĒ ŲžØŗŲ†Ø¯ ØąØŦØ­Ø§Ų† Ûž ŲØąŲ†Ú¯ Ú¯ØąŲˆŲžŲ† ÚŠØ§Ų†
Ø§Ų†ØŗŲžØ§ØĻØąŲŠØ´Ų† ÚŠŲŠ ÚĒÚŲŠ Ú‡ÚŲŠŲˆ.
Ú¯Ø§Ų†ÚŒŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ÚŠØ§Ų† Ú¯Ø§Ų†Ø¯ÚžÛŒ ØŦ؊ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ÚŠÛ’ بؚد،
Ų…Ų‡Ø§ØąØ§Ø´ŲŊØą ØŦ؊ Ų‡ÚĒ Ú†ŲžŲ†Ø§Ų† Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų…Ų†ØŒ ØĒشدد ڊا Ų…Ų‚Øĩد، اڊØĢØą Ų…Ø§ØąØĒÚž ذاØĒ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ų…Ø¨ØąØ§Ų†
ØˇØąŲØ§Ų†. ØĒشدد ØŦ؊ Ø­ŲˆØĩŲ„Ų‡ Ø§ŲØ˛Ø§ØĻ؊ ÚĒØ§ØąÚĒØąØ¯Ú¯ŲŠ Ú¯Ų†Ú¯Ø§ ØŦ؊ ØŗŲ„ØŗŲ„ŲŠ ØĒ؊ Ú¯Ø§Ų†ÚŒŲŠ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲžŲŠØ§Øą Ų†Ų‡
Ų‡ØĻ؊ ŲžØą Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų…ØąØļŲŠØĄ ÛŊ Ø°Ų„ØĒ ØŦ؈ ØĒØšŲ„Ų‚ ØŗŲ†Ø¯Ų† ذاØĒ ØŦ؊ ŲžŲˆØ˛ŲŠØ´Ų† ØŗØ§Ų† ŲˆØ§ØŗØˇŲˆ ØąÚŠŲŠ Ųŋ؊.
Ų‚Ø§Ø¨Ų„ ذÚĒØą Ų…Ø§ÚģŲ‡Ųˆ
ŲžØąŲˆŲˆØ§
Ø¨Ø§Ų„Ø§ ŲˆØ´Ų†Ø§Ų†ŲˆØĒ ÛŊ ØŗŲ†Ø¯Øŗ Ø§ŲˆŲ„Ø§Ø¯ØŒ باØŦŲˆØąØ§Ųˆ ØĸØĄØŒ Ú†Ų†ØŦŲŠØ§ Ø§ŲžØ§ØŒ Ø¨Ø§Ų„ØŦ؊ØŦ؊ Ø¨Ø§Ø§ØĄØąŲˆØŒ
ØąØ§Ú¯ŲˆŲ†ŲŋØąØ§ŲˆØŒ ØŗŲˆØąØ§Ø´ŲŠŲˆØąŲˆ باØĻŲˆØŒ Ų…Ú‡Ø§ŲˆØąØ§ I، Ų†Ø§ØąØ§ŲŠŲ†ØąØ§ØŒ Ų…ÚŒØ§ŲˆØąØ§ II، ÛŊ باØŦŲ‡ØąØ§Ųˆ II
Ų†Ø§Ų†Ø§ ŲŲˆÚŠŲˆŲŠØŗ (1742 - 1800)، Ų…ØĻŲ‡ŲˆØąØąØ§ 2 ØŦ؈ ØąØŦØŗŲŊØąŲŊ [64] ŲžŲŠØąŲˆŲˆØ§ ØŦ؊ Ų‡ŲŠŲēŲŠØ§Ų†
؁؈ØŦ؊ Ø§ÚŗŲˆØ§ÚģŲ† [65] ÛŊ بؚد Ûž Ų…ØŽØĒ؄؁ ŲžØąŲ†ØŗŲžŲ„ ØąŲŠØ§ØŗØĒ Ø¨Ø§Ų„Ø§ØŦ؊ ŲžØąŲŠØĒ Ų†Ø§ØĒ؈ ØŦ؊ Ø­ÚĒŲ…ØąØ§Ų†Ų†
ØŗØ§Ų†ØŒ Ø§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØ˛Ų† ØŦ؊ ŲžŲŠØąØ§ŲˆØ§ Ų…Ø§ØąØĒÚž ØŗŲ„ØˇŲ†ØĒ ØŦ؊ ØŽŲ„Ø§Ų بØēØ§ŲˆØĒ ÚĒØĻ؊ ÛŊ Ø´Ų†ŲŠŲˆØą ŲˆØ§Ø¯ŲŠ Ų„ŲˆÚĒŲŊ؊
(Ú¯ŲˆŲžØ§Ų„ Ų‡Ø§ØąŲŠ ؎اش؎) (1823-1892) ØŗŲ…Ø§ØŦ ØŗÚŒØ§ØąŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ú™ [68] [6 9] Ų†Ø§Ų†Ø§ Øĩاحب (1824 -
1859) - Ú€ØąŲŠŲ„ ŲžØąŲˆŲˆ باØŦŲˆÚ™ II ØŦ؈ Ų‡ÚĒ ŲˆØ§ØąØĢ ÛŊ Ų…Ų†Ø¸ŲˆØą ŲŋŲŠŲ„ 1857 ØŦ؊ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†ŲŠ
بØēØ§ŲˆØĒ Ų…Ų‡Ø¯ŲŠŲ Ú¯ŲˆŲˆŲ†Ø¯ ØąŲŠŲ†ÚŠ (1842-1901) ØŗŲ…Ø§ØŦ؊ اØĩŲ„Ø§Ø­ÚĒØ§Øą. ؈؊ØŦŲ‡Ø§ ØąØ§Ø¤ Ø¨Ų‡Ø§Ø¯Øą ØŦ؈
ØšŲ†ŲˆØ§Ų†. ŲˆØ´Ų†ÚžŲ†Ø´ØŗŲšØąÛŒ ÚŠØąØ´Ų†Ų†Ø´ØŗŲšØąÛŒ Ú†ŲžŲ„ŲˆŲ†ÚŠØą (1850 - 1882) - Ų…ØļŲ…ŲˆŲ†ØŒ Ų†Ų†Ø¯ŲŠŲ‡ Ų…Ø§Ų„Ø§ØŒ
ØĸØąŲŊ؊ÚĒŲ„ ØŦØąŲ†Ų„ØŒ Ų…ŲŠÚŠŲŠØ§ ØŦØąŲ†Ų„ØŒ ØĒØšŲ„ŲŠŲ…ŲŠ Ø§ØŗØĒاد، Ø¨Ø§Ų„ Ú¯Ų†Ú¯Ø§Ų‡Øą ØĒŲŠŲ„ÚĒ ÛŊ Ú¯ŲˆŲžØ§Ų„ Ú¯Ø§Ų„Ø´
Ø§Ú¯ØąØ§ØąØŒ Ú†ŲŠØĒØ´Ø§Ų„Ø§ ŲžØąŲŠØŗ ØŦ؊ Ø¨Ø§Ų†ŲŠ ŲˆŲˆØŗŲˆØ¯ŲˆŲ Ø¨Ø§Ų„ŲˆŲ†ØĒ ŲÚŠÚŠ (1845 - 1883) - Ų‡ÚĒ Ų†Ų†ÚŲŠ
Ø­ÚĒŲˆŲ…ØĒ ØŦ؊ ÚĒŲ„Ú†Øą ŲžŲˆŲ† ۞، Ø§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØ˛Ų† ØŽŲ„Ø§Ų Ų‡ÚĒ Ų‡ŲŋŲŠØ§ØąØ¨Ų†Ø¯ بØēØ§ŲˆØĒ ØŦ؊ Ø§ÚŗŲˆØ§Úģ؊ ÚĒØĻ؊. بؚد Ûž
Ų‡ÚĒ Ø§ØŗØĒاد. Ø¨Ø§Ų„ Ú¯Ų†Ú¯Ø§Ų‡Øą ŲŊÚĒÚĒ (1856 - 1920) -ØŦاØĻŲŠÚŠ Ø§ŲžŲŠŲ„ÚĒ ØŗØ§Ų† گڏ ŲēØ§Ų‡ŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ú™ØŒ
Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØ¨ ÛŊ ابØĒداØĻ؊ Ų‚ŲˆŲ…ŲžØąØŗØĒ Ø§ÚŗŲˆØ§Úģ. Ø¨ØąØˇØ§Ų†ŲˆŲŠ Ų†ŲˆØĸØ¨Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØ§ØĒ؊ Ø§Ų†ØĒØ¸Ø§Ų…ŲŠŲ‡ ŲžØ§ØąØ§Ų† “Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†
ØŦ؊ Ø¨ŲŠØ¯Ø§ØąØĒ؊ ŲˆØ§ØąŲŠ ŲžŲŠØĄ” ØŦŲŠŲžØ§Ų„ Ú¯Ø§Ų†Ø´ Ø§Ú¯ØąØ§Øą (1856 - ØŦŲˆŲ† 1895). ØŦØąŲ†Ų„ØŗŲŊØŗŲŊ،
ØĒØšŲ„ŲŠŲ…ŲŠ ÛŊ ØŗŲ…Ø§ØŦ؊ ØŗÚŒØ§ØąŲˆ ÚĒØ´Ø§ŲˆŲŊØŗ (ÚǨ਴؆ØŦ؊ØŦ؊ ÚĒØ´Ø§Ųˆ ÚŠŲŠŲ…) (15 Ų…Ø§ØąÚ† 1866 - 7 Ų†ŲˆŲ…Ø¨Øą
1905) -Ų…Ø§ŲŊ؊ ŲģŲˆŲ„ŲŠ ØŦ؊ ŲģŲˆŲ„ŲŠ Ø¯ÚžŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲŠ ÚĒŲŠØ´ ÚŠØąŲˆŲŠ (1858 - 1962) - ØŗŲ…Ø§ØŦ؊ ØŗÚŒØ§ØąŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ú™ ÛŊ
ØšŲˆØąØĒŲ† ØŦ؊ ØĒØšŲ„ŲŠŲ… ØŦ؈ ؈ÚĒŲŠŲ„ ØĸŲ†Ų†Ø¯Ø¨ŲŠ ØŦŲˆØ´ŲŠ (1865 - 1887) - Ø§ŲˆŲ„ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†ŲŠ ØšŲˆØąØĒ
Ų…ØēØąØ¨ŲŠ ŲŠŲˆŲ†ŲŠŲˆØąØŗŲŊŲŠØĄ Ų…Ø§Ų† ØˇØ¨ŲŠ Ø¯ØąØŦ؈ حاØĩŲ„ ÚĒØąÚģ - ØšŲˆØąØĒ ØŦ؊ Ų…ŲŠÚŠŲŠÚĒŲ„ ÚĒØ§Ų„ŲŠØŦŲŠØ§
ŲžŲ†ØŗŲ„ŲˆŲŠŲ†ŲŠØ§- 1886 Øš Ûž Ų†ŲŠØ´Ų†Ų„ ÚǨ਴؆ Ú¯ŲˆØŽŲ„ŲŠ (1866 - 1915 Øš ۞، Ø´ØąŲˆØšØ§ØĒ؊ Ų‚ŲˆŲ…ŲžØąØŗØĒ
Ø§ÚŗŲˆØ§Úģ ÚĒØ§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØŗ ŲžØ§ØąŲŊ؊ Ú†Ø§ŲžØ§ÚĒØą ڀاØĻØąŲ† ØŦ؊ Ų…ØšØĒØ¨Øą ŲˆŲ†Ú¯ ØĒ؊ (1873-1899)،
(1879-1899) - Ø§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØ˛Ų† ØŦŲ†Ú¯ŲŠ Ø¨ØąÚ¯ŲŠ ØŦ؊ ÚĒŲ…Ø´Ų†Øą ŲˆØ§Ų„ŲŊØą ØąØ§Ų†Ø¯ŲŠ ÚŠŲŠ 1897 Ûž ŲžŲ†Ú¯ Ûž
ŲžÚ¯ÚžØ§ØąŲŠŲ† ØŦ؊ Ø§Ų…Ø¯Ø§Ø¯ ØĒ؊ ŲžŲ†Ų‡Ų†ØŦ؊ ØŗØŽØĒ Ų‡Ųŋ ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦ؊ Ų„Ø§ØĄ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ÚĒ؊؈. Ų‡ÚĒ ØŗŲ…Ø§ØŦ؊ ØŗÚŒØ§ØąØ§ØŒ
ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊ ŲģŲ† ŲģŲŠŲ† ØŗÚŒØ§ØąŲ† ØŗØ§Ų† گڏ، Ų…ŲŠŲˆŲ† Ų…ŲŠŲˆŲ†ØŗŲžŲ„ ÛŊ Ø§ŲŠÚ‡ ŲŊ؊ŲŊ ØŦ؊ Ú†ŲŠØĻØąŲ…ŲŠŲ† ØŗØąØ§ØŦŲ†Ø¯ØąØĒ
ŲŊŲžÚģŲ†ØŒ Ų…Ų‡Ø§ØĒ ØŗØĒØ§ØąŲ‡Ú¯ØąŲ‡ ØŦ؊ Ø¯ŲˆØąØ§Ų† Ø§Ų…Ø¯ŲŠØąÚŠØą Ûž Ų…Ø¯Ø¯ ÚĒØĻ؊. Narasimha Chintaman
Kelkar (1872 - 1947) - Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØ¨ØŒ ØĩØ­Ø§ŲŲŠØŒ Ų‚ŲˆŲ… ŲžØąØŗØĒ Ø§ÚŗŲˆØ§Úģ. ŲˆØ§ØĻØŗØąØ§ØĄ ØŦ؊
Ø§ŲŠÚ¯Ø˛ŲŠÚĒ؊؈ŲŊ؈ ÚĒØ§ØĻŲˆŲ†ØŗŲ„ ØĒ؊ ØŽØ¯Ų…ØĒ ÚĒØĻ؊ ؈ØĻ؊ (1924-29). Ú¯Ų†Ø´ ÚŠŲŠŲ…ŲˆØ§Øą ØŗØ§ÚĒØąØ§ØąØ§Øą (1879 -
1945)، ØĸØŽŲˆŲ†Ø¯ Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ ØŗŲˆØŗØ§ØĻŲŊ؊ ØŦ؈ Ø¨Ø§Ų†ŲŠØŒ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØĄ ŲˆØ§ØąŲŠ ÚĒØ§ØąÚĒØąØ¯Ú¯ŲŠ ÛŊ ŲˆŲ†ŲŠŲˆÚĒ ÚŠŲŠŲ…ŲˆØ§Øą
ØŗØ§ŲˆØ§ØąØ§ØąØ§Øą ØŦ؈ Ú€Ø§ØĄ. Vinayak Damodar Savarkar، (28 Ų…ØĻ؊ 1883 - 26 ā¤Ģ⤰ā¤ĩ⤰āĨ€ 1 9
66) ā¤šā¤ŋ⤍āĨā¤ĻāĨ‚ ā¤Ļ⤰āĨā¤ļā¤¨ā¤•ā¤ž ⤏āĨā¤ĩ⤤⤍āĨā¤¤āĨā¤°ā¤¤ā¤žØŒ ā¤¸ā¤žā¤Žā¤žā¤œā¤ŋ⤕ ⤏āĨā¤§ā¤žā¤°ā¤• ⤰ ⤏āĨ‚⤤āĨā¤°. Ų…Ø´Ų‡ŲˆØą ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ ŲˆŲŠØą
ØŗØ§ÚĒØąØ§ØąØ§Øą (”Ø¨ÛØ§Ø¯Øą” ØŗØ§ŲˆØ§ØąØ§ØąØ§Øą) ØŦ؊ Ų†Ø§Ų„ŲŠ ØŗØ§Ų† Ų…Ø´Ų‡ŲˆØą ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.

ØŗŲŠŲ†ŲŠŲžØ§ŲŊ؊
Ø¨ŲŠŲžØ§ØĒ (12 Ų†ŲˆŲ…Ø¨Øą 1880 - 28 Ų†ŲˆŲ…Ø¨Øą 1967) - Ų…Ų…ØĒØ§Ø˛ Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†ŲŠ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØĄ ØŦ؈ ØŦŲ†Ú¯ŲŠ
ØŗŲŠŲ†ŲŠŲŊ؊ ØŦ؈ Ų„Ų‚Ø¨ حاØĩŲ„ ÚĒ؊؈ ØŦŲ†Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ ØŗŲŠŲ†ŲŠØĻØą ØŦ؈ Ų…ØˇŲ„Ø¨ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ÚŠŲŠÚŠØ§ØŗØ¨Ø¨ ؁؈ÚĒŲ„ŲŠ (30
Ø§ŲžØąŲŠŲ„ 1870 ؚ، 16 ŲŲŠØ¨ØąŲˆØąŲŠ 1944) ŲžØ§ŲŠŲ†ØŦØą Ø§Ų†ÚŠŲŠŲ† ؁؄؅ Ø§Ų†ÚŠØŗŲŊØąŲŠ ÚǨ਴؆؇؆ØŦ؊ ØĒØ­ÚĒØŽ
ØŽŲ„ŲŠŲ„ ØŽŲ„ŲŠŲ„- (25 Ų†ŲˆŲ…Ø¨Øą 1872 - 26 ØĸÚ¯ØŗŲŊ 1948) Ø§Ų†ÚŠØŗŲŊØąŲŠ ÚĒØ§Ų„ŲŠØŦ Ų…ŲˆØŗŲŠŲ‚ŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ų…Ø´Ų‡ŲˆØą
Ų†Ø§Ų…ŲˆØą [9] ŲˆØ´Ų†ŲˆŲŋ ÚĒØ´Ų†Ø§Ųŋ ØąØ§ØŦŲžŲˆØĒ (1863-1926) - ØĒØ§ØąŲŠØŽŲŠ [91] Ø§Ų†ØŗŲŊŲ† Ų„ØŗØ§Ų†Ų…Ø§Ų†
ÚĒŲ†ØąŲŠ (1891-1910) - Ų‡Ų†Ø¯ØŗØĒØ§Ų†ŲŠ Ų‚ŲˆŲ… ŲžØąØŗØĒ ÛŊ Ø§Ų†Ų‚Ų„Ø§Ø¨ŲŠØŒ Ø¨ØąØˇØ§Ų†ŲˆŲŠ ÚĒŲŠŲ„ŲŠÚĒ Øĸ؁ Ų†ŲŠØ´ÚĒ ØŦ؊
Ų‚ØĒŲ„ ØŦ؊ Ų„Ø§ØĄ ŲžÚžØ§Ų†ØŗŲŠØŒ 1910 Ûž Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ… ŲŊ؊ ØŦÚĒØŗ [Ų‡ÚĒ] ŲˆŲ†Ú€Ø§ Ú€Ø§Ųˆ- (1895 - 1982)،
Ú¯Ø§Ų†Ø¯Ų‡Ø§ØĻŲŠØ§Ų† Ø§ÚŗŲˆØ§Úģ ÛŊ ØĸØ˛Ø§Ø¯ŲŠ ŲØ§ØĻÚ¯ŲŠ داØĒاØĒØąŲŠØ§ ØąØ§Ų…Ú†Ų†Ø¯ØąØąØ§ Ø¨ŲŠŲ†ÚŠ (1896 - 1981) ) -
Ø´Ø§ØšØą ÛŊ Ø§Ø¯ŲŠØ¨ ÚŠŲ†ŲŠÚŠØ§ ŲģŲˆŲ„ŲŠØĄ Ûž. ØŦŲ†Ų† Ų„ØˇŲŠŲ Ø§Ų†ØšØ§Ų… ØŦا ŲØ§ØĒØ­ [96] Ų†Ø§Øą ŲˆØ´Ų†Ųˆ Ú¯Ø§Ø¯Ú¯ŲŠŲ„-
(10 ØŦŲ†ŲˆØąŲŠ 1896 - 12 ØŦŲ†ŲˆØąŲŠ 1966) ÚĒØ§Ų†Ú¯ØąŲŠØŗ ØŦ؊ Ø§ÚŗŲˆØ§Úģ ÛŊ Ø§ŲŠŲ†ØąŲˆØ˛ ØŦ؊ ÚŠØ§Ø¨ŲŠŲ†Ų‡ ØŦ؊
ØĸØĻØąØ§ŲŊ؊ ÚĒØąŲˆŲŠ (1 905 - 1 9))، Ų†Ø¸ØąŲŠØ§ØĒ؊ ŲžØąØŗØĒ Ų†ØąØĒŲˆØą Ø¯ŲŠŲˆØĒا (19 Ų…ØĻ؊ 1910 - 15
Ų†ŲˆŲ…Ø¨Øą 1 9 4 9) Ų…ÛØ§ØĒŲ…Ø§ Ú¯Ø§Ų†Ø¯ÚžÛŒ ÚŠÛ’ Ų‚Ø§ØĒŲ„ [99] Ų†Ø§ØąØ§ÛŒŲ† Ø§Û’ŲžŲšÛŒ (1911 - 1949) -
Ú¯Ø§Ų†Ø¯ÚžÛŒ. Ú¯ŲžØ§Ų„ Ú¯Ø§Ų„Øŗ (1 919 - 2005) - Ú¯Ø§Ų†ÚŒŲŠ Ø§ŲˆØą Ų†Ø§ØĒÚžØąŲ…Ø§Ų… Ú¯ŲŠŲˆØŗ ØŦ؊ Ų†Ų†ÚŲŠ Ú€Ø§ØĄ
ØŦ؊ Ų‚ØĒŲ„ Ûž Ų…Ų„ ØŗØ§Ø˛Ø´ ØŗØ§Ø˛Ø´. [100] ŲžØ§Ų†ÚŒŲ†Ú¯ Ø´Ø§ØŗØĒØąŲŠ اØĻŲŋØ§ŲˆŲ„ŲŠ (1920-1960) ایڊ
Ø¨ÚžØ§ØąØĒی ÚŠØ§ØąÚŠŲ† ŲŲ„ØŗŲÛŒØŒ ØąŲˆØ­Ø§Ų†ÛŒ ØąÛŲ†Ų…Ø§ØŒ ØŗŲ…Ø§ØŦی Ø§Ų†Ų‚Ų„Ø§Ø¨ÛŒ Ø§ŲˆØą Ų…Ø°ÛØ¨ اØĩŲ„Ø§Ø­ ŲžØŗŲ†Ø¯ ØĒڞا،
ØŦ؈ 1954 ØĄ Ų…ÛŒÚē ÚŠØ§Ø´ÛŒŲ†Ø§ØĒÚž Ú¯Ų†ÛŒÚŠØą (1930 - 1986) - Ų…ØąØ§ŲšÚžÛŒÛŒ Ø§Ø¯Ø§ÚŠØ§Øą Ø§ŲˆØą Ų…ØąØ§ŲšÚžÛŒ
ØŗŲžØąØŗŲšØą Ų…ØąØ§ŲšÚžÛŒ Ų…ØąØ§Ø­Ų„ ŲžØą ØŗŲˆÚˆÛŒÛŒØ§ ŲžØ§ØąØ§ŲˆØ§Øą (ØŗŲˆÛÛŒØ§ÛŒØ§ ŲÛŒŲ…Ų„ÛŒ) ÚŠÛŒ Ø¨Ų†ÛŒØ§Ø¯ ØąÚŠÚžÛŒ ØĒÚžÛŒ.
(ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ØĻØ´ ØŦ؊ Ú¯Ų‡ØąØ¨Ų„) Vikram Gokhale (ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ØĻØ´ 1947 Øš) - Ú€Ø§ØąØĒ؊ ŲŲ„Ų…ØŒ ŲŊ؊ ؈؊ ÛŊ
Ø§ØŗŲŊ؊ØŦ اداÚĒØ§Øą [Ø­ŲˆØ§Ų„Ø§ØĻ؊ Ú¯Ų‡ØąØ¨Ų„] Ų…Ø¯ŲˆØąŲŠ Ø¯ŲŠŲŊ (ŲžŲŠØ¯Ø§ØĻØ´ ØŦ؊ Ø´ØąŲˆØšØ§ØĒ 1967) - Ø¨Ø§Ų„ŲŠ
ŲˆŲˆÚŠ اداÚĒØ§Øą [102] ŲžØąØ§Ø´Ø´ Madhusudan Apte ØĸØąÚĒ؊ŲŊØą ÛŊ ÚŗŲˆŲē ØŗØ§Ø˛. Ú¯Ų†ÚŒŲŠŲ† Ų†Ú¯Øą Ø´Ų‡Øą
ØŦ؈ Ų…Ų†ØĩŲˆØ¨Ųˆ ŲēØ§Ų‡ŲŠŲˆ ÛŊ Ú¯ØŦØąØ§ØĒ ØŦ؈ Ø¯Ø§ØąØ§Ų„Ø­ÚŠŲˆŲ…ØĒ.
ØĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† ÚĒØąŲŠØŒ Ø§Ų‡ŲŠ ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲ† Ų†ŲŠØ´Ų†Ų„
ŲžØ§ŲžŲˆŲ„ŲŠØ´Ų† ØąØŦØŗŲŊØąŲŠØ´Ų† (Ø§ŲŠŲ† ŲžŲŠ ŲžŲŠ) ØŦ؊ ØĒابؚ ÚĒŲŠØ§ ŲˆÚƒŲ† ØŦ؊ÚĒ؊ Ø§ŲžØąŲŠŲ„ 1 ØĒ؊ ÚĒŲŊŲŠŲˆŲ†
ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯ŲŠŲˆŲ† ØĩØąŲ 0.1ŲĒ ØēŲŠØą Ø§ØŽŲ„Ø§Ų‚ŲŠØŒ ØĒشدد، Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ŲŠ ØŦ؊ ØĒؚداد، Ø¯Ų†ŲŠØ§ ØŦ؊ Ų‡ÚĒ
Ø¯Ų‡Ø´ØĒÚ¯ØąØ¯ØŒ ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ Ø´ŲˆŲŊŲ†Ú¯ØŒ Ų…ŲˆØ¨ Ų„ŲŠŲ†Ú†ØŒ Ų„Ø§Ų„Ú†ØŒ Ø°Ų‡Ų†ŲŠ ØˇŲˆØą ØĒ؊ Ø¨ØąŲ‚ØąØ§Øą ØąÚŠÚģ Ų„Ø§ØĄ
ØąŲˆŲŠŲˆØ¯ŲŠ / ØąŲ‚Ø§ØŗØ§ ØŗŲˆØ§Ų…ŲŠ ØŗŲŠŲžØŗ (ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ) ØŦ؊ چŲŊŲŠŲžŲ† Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ų…Ų†Øŗ (ØĸØą Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠØŗ) ÚŠŲŠ
Ú†Ųž ÚĒØąÚģ ØŦ؈ Ų…Ų†ØĩŲˆØ¨Ųˆ ŲēØ§Ų‡ŲŠŲ†Ø¯ŲŠ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ÛŊ Ú‡Ø§Ų†ŲˆØŒ ڇÚĒŲŠŲ„ Ų‡Ø¯ŲˆØĒŲˆØ§ ÚĒØĒŲ† Ú†ŲŠØĒŲžØ§Ų†Ųˆ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†Ų† ØŦ؈
ŲžŲ‡ØąŲŠŲˆŲ† ØąØĒ، ÚĒØąØĒØąŲŠØ§ØŒ ŲˆŲŠØŗŲŠØ§ØŒ Ø´ŲˆØąØ§ØŒ ÚŗØŦŲ‡Ø§ØąŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ Ø§ŲŠ Ø§ŲŠØŗ / Ø§ØŗŲŊ؊ÚĒ / Ø§Ų‚Ų„ŲŠØĒŲ†
Ø§Ų‚Ų„ŲŠØĒŲ† ÚŠŲŠ Ų‡ØąÚ¯Ø˛ Ų†Ų‡ ØŗŲ…ØŦŲ‡ŲŠŲˆ ŲˆŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ųˆ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ØĒŲ‡ Ų‡Øą Ų‚ØŗŲ… ØŦ؊ Ø¸Ų„Ų…Ų† ØĒ؊ ØšŲ…Ų„ ÚĒØąŲŠ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ØŦ؊
Ųŋ؊. ŲžØą Ų‡Ų† Ų…Ų‡Ø§ØĒŲ…Ø§ ØŦ؈ ÚĒŲ†Ų‡Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ ØąŲˆØ­ Ûž ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ Ų†Ų‡ Ų…ÚƒŲŠŲˆ. Ų‡Ų† Ú†ŲŠŲˆ ØĒŲ‡ ØŗÚ€ØĻ؊ Ø¨ØąØ§Ø¨Øą
ØĸŲ‡Ų† ØŦŲ† ØĒ؊ Ø§ØŗØ§Ų† ØŦ؈ ØšØŦŲŠØ¨ ØŦØ¯ŲŠØ¯ ØĸØĻŲŠŲ† Ų„ÚŠŲŠŲˆ ؈؊؈ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. Ú†ŲžØĒØ§Ų† Ø¨ØąŲ‡ÚģŲ† ÚŠØ§Ų† ØŗŲˆØ§ØĄ Ųģ؊؈
Ų…Ø°Ų‡Ø¨ Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ ŲŠØ§ ذاØĒ Ų†Ų‡ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ. چØĒŲ쨧؆ Ø¨ØąŲ‡Ø§Ų†ŲŠŲ† Ú†ŲˆŲ†ÚŠŲˆŲ† ÚĒÚŲ‡Ų† Ø¨Ų‡ Ų†Ų‡ Ų…ÚƒŲŠŲ†Ø¯Ø§ ØĸŲ‡Ų†.
Ų…Ø´ØąÚĒŲ† Ų…Ų†ØĒ؎ب ŲŋŲŠŲ„ Ų…Ų†ØĒ؎ب ŲŋŲŠŲ„ ØĸŲ‡Ų†. چØĒŲžØąØ§Ų† Ø¨ØąÛŲ…Ų†Øŗ ڈی Ø§ÛŒŲ† اے ÚŠÛŒ ØąŲžŲˆØąŲš Ų…ÛŒÚē
بØĒایا گیا ہے ڊہ ŲˆÛ ØēÛŒØą Ų…Ų„ÚŠÛŒ اØĩŲ„ Ų…ÛŒÚē ہیÚē ØŦŲ† Ų…ÛŒÚē Ø§ØŗØąØ§ØĻÛŒŲ„ØŒ ØŗØ§ØĻØ¨ÛŒØąÛŒØ§ØŒ ØĒبØĒ،
Ø§ŲØąÛŒŲ‚ÛØŒ Ų…Ø´ØąŲ‚ÛŒ ÛŒŲˆØąŲžØŒ Ų…ØēØąØ¨ÛŒ ØŦØąŲ…Ų†ÛŒØŒ Ø´Ų…Ø§Ų„ÛŒ ÛŒŲˆØąŲžØŒ ØŦŲ†ŲˆØ¨ÛŒ ØąŲˆØŗØŒ ÛŲ†Ú¯ØąÛŒØŒ ؈ØēÛŒØąÛ
؈ØēÛŒØąÛ ØŗÛ’ ØŽØ§ØąØŦ ÛŲˆØŗÚŠØĒے ہیÚē. Ø§Ų†Ų‡Ų† ØŦ؊ ÚŠŲŠ Ø§ŲŠŲ† ØŦ؈ اØĩŲ„ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ.
ŲˆÚŲŠ Ų…Ų‡ØąØ¨Ø§Ų†ŲŠØĄ ØŗØ§Ų†

ØĒŲˆŲ‡Ø§Ų† ØŦ؊ Ų…ØŽŲ„Øĩ؊ ØĸŲ‡ŲŠ

ØŦ؈ØĒŲŋŲ† Ú†Ų†Ø¯ØąØŗØ§Øą

ÚŠŲˆØ´Ų†Ų‡ Ų†Ø¨ŲŠØ¨Ø§ Ø¨ŲˆŲ…ØŦ؊ ŲžÚ¯Ų‡Ø§Øą-ŲžŲŠŲŊ؊ ÛŊ Ų…ÚĒŲ…Ų„ Ø¨Ų„ŲŠŲ†ÚŠŲŠ ØŦ؊ Ø­ŲŠØĢ؊ØĒ ØŗØ§Ų† Ø­Ų‚ŲŠŲ‚ŲŠ Ú¯ŲˆŲ„Ø§
ØŗŲē؈ ÚĒØąŲŠŲˆ! ØļŲ…Ø§Ų†ØĒ ÛŊ Ø­ŲØ§Ø¸ØĒ!
ØŦ؊ØĒ؈Úģ؊ÚĒ ØŗØĒ ØŗØ§Ų„ Ø§Úŗ ØŗŲ…ØŦŲ‡ŲŠ ØŗÚ¯Ų‡ŲŠ Ųŋ؈. Ų‡ÚĒ ØŗØĒØą ØŗØ§Ų„ Ø§Úŗ ØšŲ…Ų„ ÚĒØąÚģ Ú¯Ų‡ØąØŦ؊.




Classical Bengali-āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž,
āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ,
āĻĄā§‹āύāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒāϕ⧇ āĻļā§āϰāĻĻā§āϧāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ
āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ, āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

āϏāĻžāĻŦ: āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ - āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āĻĒ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤ āϏāĻŋāĻāĻ, āĻāύāφāϰāϏāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻšāϤāĻžāĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰ (āĻŽā§‹āĻĻā§€) āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āχāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇, āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ⧇ āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϜāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻŋ āχāĻ­āĻŋāĻāĻŽ / āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϟāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§āĻĒāϞ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āϕ⧀ āĻ—āĻŋāϞ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĻāĻž āϏ⧁āĻ–ā§€, āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧁āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧁āύ! āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻœā§€āĻŦā§€ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧁āύ!
āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ, āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ, āϏāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ•, āĻŽāύ⧋āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€ āĻšāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāύ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻšāύ āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦāĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇!

āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāϏāϏāĻŋ / āĻāϏāϟāĻŋ / āĻ“āĻŦāĻŋāϏāĻŋ / āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϘ⧁ āϏāĻš āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧀ āϜāĻžāĻ—ā§āϰāϤ āϏāĻŽāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āϚāĻŋāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ 99,9% āĻāϰ āĻ­āϝāĻŧ⧇āϏ āϝāĻž āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāϞ āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§‡ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—āĻŖāϤāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāρāϚāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āϏāĻŋāĻāĻ, āĻāύāφāϰāϏāĻŋ āχāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ , āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύāϤāĻž, āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­ā§āϰāĻžāϤ⧃āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āϏāĻ•āϞ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ•āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻŖ, āϏ⧁āĻ– āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĨ¤

āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻļā§āϰ⧀āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŽāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϤ⧀ āϏ⧁āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽā§‹ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϚāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āχāωāĻĒāĻŋ-āĻāϰ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§āϝāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀āχ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϕ⧇, āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧁āρāϜāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻĒāĻŋ (āĻŦ⧇āĻ­āĻžāϕ⧁āĻĢ āĻā§‚āĻ  āϏāĻžāχāϕ⧋āĻĒāĻžāĻĨ) āϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻļāϕ⧇ āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻžāϤ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧇āĻžā§āϜ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻžāϜāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤

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ā§§. āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ, āϕ⧇āύ āĻāĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϛ⧇?

āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻāĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āĻ­ā§‹āϟ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ, āĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤāĻŋāύ āĻ­ā§‹āϟ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

āĻĻāĻŋāĻ—

āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻŸā§‡ āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻŦā§‹āϧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞāĻŦā§€ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇ āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇ āχ-āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāϟāĻŋ āχāĻŽā§‡āϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇, āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŽāύāĻž, āĻŽā§āϰāĻ—ā§€-āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āĻŽā§€ āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύ āύāĻžāĻ—āϰāĻŋāĻ• āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āϕ⧇āĻāĻĢāϏāĻŋ āωāχāĻ‚āϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āĻ­ā§‹āϟ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ“ āϤāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āχāϞ⧇āĻ•āĻŸā§āϰāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§‹āϟ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāϪ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ 15 āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰāĻ“ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒāϰ⧇āĻ“ āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϧāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

āϕ⧇āύ āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻāĻ–āύāĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āφāϛ⧇?
āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻžāĨ¤
āĻ–āĻŦāϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇ āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻ—āĻŖāϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϖ⧁āύ⧀ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻžāϤāϞāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰ (āĻŽā§‹āĻĻā§€) āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻĒāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ⧇ āϜāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϜāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻŋ āχāĻ­āĻŋāĻāĻŽ / āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāĻāϟāĻŋāϏāϕ⧇ āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āϕ⧀ āĻ—āϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āϤ⧇āĻŽāύ āχāϞ⧇āĻ•āĻŸā§āϰāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āĻŦā§‹āϧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ (āĻŦ⧇āĻ­āĻžāϕ⧁āĻĢ āĻā§āϟ āϏāĻžāχāϕ⧋āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĨāϏ) āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ 0.1% āĻ…āϏāĻšāĻŋāĻˇā§āϪ⧁, āĻšāĻŋāĻ‚āϏāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ•, āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻ• āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϏ⧀ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϤ, āĻŦ⧇āύ āχāĻ¸ā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ, āϏāĻžāχāĻŦ⧇āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻŦāϤ, āφāĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒ, āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽ āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋ, āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒ, āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻšāĻžāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇āϰāĻŋ, āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϟāĻŋāφāχāĻāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ⧇āϰ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ āϟāĻŽ āĻšāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϰ āĻŦāϰāĻžāϤ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇ “āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ” āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ “āϏ⧁āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ”āĨ¤
āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇ āχ-āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻŋāĻ‚āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āφāϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž: āύāϤ⧁āύ āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧāϤāĻž, āφāĻĒāĻ—ā§āϰ⧇āĻĄāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ “āĻŦāĻžāĻœā§‡āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ”āĨ¤
āφāϰ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻš’āϞ āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧀āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāϤāĻŽ-āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āϰ⧀āϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āχ-āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻŋāĻ‚āϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ⧇āύ āύāĻž, āϝāĻž “āĻĻāĻļāϕ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ• āĻĻāĻļāĻ• āϧāϰ⧇ āĻĒā§‹āϞāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāϪ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇”āĨ¤

āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϚ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇: āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ—āϤ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āϏ⧁āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤāĻŋāύ āĻ—ā§āϝāĻžāĻœā§‡āϟāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇, āĻāχ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āĻĻāĻŋāύ āϧāϰ⧇āχ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤

āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦāϞāϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?

āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞāĻŦā§€ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇ āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāĻļāύ⧇ āφāϏ⧇, āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϞ⧋āϕ⧇āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϕ⧇ āϜāύāϏāĻŽāĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĄāĻžāĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ­ā§‹āϟ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ 1884 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŸā§‡ āϚāϞ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ 1892 āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ“āϠ⧇āĨ¤
āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāϤāϟāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇ āφāϏ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇, āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇ āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϜāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϤ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚, 1900 āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻļāϕ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇, āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāĻļāύ⧇ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧋ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ āĻŽā§‡āϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟāϟāĻŋ āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§‹āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ“āϰ⧇āĻ—āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻ‚āϟāύ āĻŽā§‡āϞ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āĻžāύ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŸā§‡ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇ āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻĻāĻžāύ
āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇ āχ-āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāϟāĻŋ āχāĻŽā§‡āϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇, āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻžāϰāϕ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻž āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āχāĻŽā§‡āϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĢ⧇āϰāϤ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ āĻĢāĻŸā§‹ āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

āĻĒ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€ āύāĻž āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻžāϰ āĻ­ā§‹āϟ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύ?
āĻŦāϞ⧁āύ āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϞāϟ āĻĒ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻļ⧇āĻ˛ā§āĻĄāύ āϕ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāĻŽ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻĻāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϟāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤
“āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āχāύ” āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ, āĻāχ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āϰāĻž āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϚ⧁āϰ āĻ­ā§‹āϟ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāϏāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāωāϏ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āφāχāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻœā§āĻž āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āϰāϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āϏ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻĨ āĻŦāϞ⧇āϛ⧇āύ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϏāĻŋāĻĄā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āϰ āĻŦ⧈āώāĻŽā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāϜāϝāĻŧā§€ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋āχ “āφāϟāϞāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒ⧇āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāϰāĻŋ āύ⧌āĻ•āĻžāϝāĻŧ āωāϠ⧇ āϰāĻžāύāĻŋāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āφāĻšā§āĻŦāĻžāύ āϜāĻžāύāĻžāύ”āĨ¤
āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻĒ⧇, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇āĨ¤

āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚ āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĒ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻ˛ā§āϟāϏāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϕ⧀?
āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧀ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻĒ-āĻāĻĄāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϝāĻž āĻŦāϞāϛ⧇āύ āϤāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āϞāĻŋāĻŽ-āϟ⧁-āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧈āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āχ-āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻŋāĻ‚āϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ­āϝāĻŧāϕ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧋āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇: “āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϕ⧇āω āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋāϤ āĻ—āĻŖāϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ - āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ - āĻāϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻšāϜ āϏāϰāϞ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύāĻ“ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āϜāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻŋ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāϤ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ•āĻžāĻ—āϜāĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§€āύ āχ-āĻ­ā§‹āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ “

https://northeastlivetv.com/â€Ļ/trump-to-discuss-caa-nrc-issâ€Ļ/
āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϏāĻĢāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒ āĻŽā§‹āĻĻā§€āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻŋāĻāĻ, āĻāύāφāϰāϏāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ: āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦā§€āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž

āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻĄā§‹āύāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒ āϤāĻžāϰ āφāϏāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϏāĻĢāϰāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āύāϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āύāĻžāĻ—āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āϏāĻ‚āĻļā§‹āϧāύ⧀ āφāχāύ (āϏāĻŋāĻāĻ) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āύāĻžāĻ—āϰāĻŋāĻ• āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻ• (āĻāύāφāϰāϏāĻŋ) āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ, āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ seniorāĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§āĻŦāϤāύ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āĻļ⧁āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϜāĻžāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāχ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ—āĻŖāϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• traditionsāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āϰ āĻļā§āϰāĻĻā§āϧāĻž āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāϕ⧇ āϧāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

“āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒ āϤāĻžāϰ āϜāύāϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāχ, āĻ—āĻŖāϤāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύāϤāĻžāϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— sharedāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āωāĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāϤ āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύāϤāĻž āχāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧁ āϝāĻž āĻāχ (āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒ) āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāϜāύ⧀āύ āĻŽā§‚āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻŦā§‹āϧ, āφāχāύ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāύāϕ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ¨ā§āύāϤ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļā§€āĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ⧁āϤāĻŋ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, ”āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āώāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

“āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ—āĻŖāϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• traditionsāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻļā§āϰāĻĻā§āϧāĻž āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāϕ⧇ āĻāχ traditionsāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϧāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϚāϞāĻŦāĨ¤ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ (āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāĻ•) āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āωāĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āϏ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āωāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ—ā§āύ, “āϏāĻŋāĻāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāύāφāϰāϏāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āωāĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāύāĻž āϏ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāχ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤

āĻāχ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤāĻž āφāϰāĻ“ āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, “āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āĻŽā§‹āĻĻā§€āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻŦ⧈āĻ āϕ⧇ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻŦ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ—āĻŖāϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• traditionāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝ āϧāϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āĨ¤”

āĻĒāĻžāĻ•āĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāύ, āφāĻĢāĻ—āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁, āĻļāĻŋāĻ–, āϜ⧈āύ, āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϏ⧀, āĻŦ⧌āĻĻā§āϧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ–ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāύ āĻļāϰāĻŖāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻ—āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ⧁āϤāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻŋāĻāĻ, āϕ⧇āϰāĻžāϞ, āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽāĻŦāĻ™ā§āĻ—, āϰāĻžāϜāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻžāĻžā§āϜāĻžāĻŦ āϏāĻš āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻļāϜ⧁āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧāĻŋāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§‹āĻŽā§āĻ–āĻŋ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĨ¤

⧧⧍ āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϧāĻŋ āĻĻāϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒ ā§¨ā§Ē āĻĢ⧇āĻŦā§āϰ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻĻ⧁’āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻĢāϰ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧌āρāϛ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϏāĻĢāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ—āĻŖā§āϝāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻ“ āφāĻšāĻŽā§‡āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‹āϤ⧇āϰāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽā§‡ ‘āύāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧇ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒ’ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āύ⧇āĻŦ⧇āύ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āφāĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āϏ⧇āĻĒā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ⧇ āĻšāĻŋāωāĻ¸ā§āϟāύ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻŽā§‹āĻĻā§€ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ āϰ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ ‘āĻšāĻžāĻ“āĻĻāĻŋ āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāĻŋ’ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰāĨ¤

āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ¸ā§āϟ āϞ⧇āĻĄāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āϞāĻžāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇āϰ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāϜāϧāĻžāύ⧀āϤ⧇ āφāϏāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ 25 āĻĢ⧇āĻŦā§āϰ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧃āϤ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāϏ⧂āϚāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŽāϤ⧇, āϚ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ­āĻž āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāϧāĻŋāĻĻāϞ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

2. āĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϞ āĻĢ⧁āϞ !!
āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧀ āϜāĻžāĻ—ā§āϰāϤ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ­āϝāĻŧ⧇āϏ (āĻ­ā§‹āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻāĻāĻāϏ)
https://www.msn.com/â€Ļ/mayawati-first-to-accept-aâ€Ļ/ar-BBZd86i

āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϜāύāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāύ (āĻāύāĻĒāĻŋāφāϰ) āϝāĻž āĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϞ 1 āĻ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāĻŦ⧇, āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ 0.1% āĻ…āϏāĻšāĻŋāĻˇā§āϪ⧁, āĻšāĻŋāĻ‚āϏāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ•, āϜāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻ• āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϏ⧀, āĻŦ⧇āύ āχāĻ¸ā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ, āϏāĻžāχāĻŦ⧇āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϟāĻŋāĻ‚, āĻŽāĻŦ āϞāĻŋāϚāĻŋāĻ‚, āĻĒāĻžāĻ—āϞ, āĻŽāĻžāύāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧋āĻœā§āϝ āϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻŦāϤ, āφāĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒ, āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽ āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋ, āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒ, āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻšāĻžāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇āϰāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϭ⧃āϤāĻŋ āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ (āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻž) āĻ•ā§āώāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ, āĻ­āĻŋāϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϏ, āĻļā§‚āĻĻā§āϰāϰāĻž ⧍ āϝāĻŧ, āϤ⧃āϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ, āϚāϤ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻāϏāϏāĻŋ / āĻāϏāϟāĻŋ / āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϘ⧁āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāϚāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ•āĻ–āύāχ āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āϰ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύāϟāĻŋ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āφāϛ⧇ āϏāĻ•āϞ⧇āχ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύāĨ¤ āϚāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āϕ⧋āύ āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϚāĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤ āϚāĻŋāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻ–āύāχ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāύāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύ⧇āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāϤ āχāĻ­āĻŋāĻāĻŽ / āĻ­āĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϟ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ›āĻžāχ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻšāύāĨ¤ āϚāĻŋāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āϰāĻŋāĻĒā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻŸā§‡ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€ āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļā§‹āĻĻā§āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āĻŦ⧇āύ āχāĻ¸ā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ, āϏāĻžāχāĻŦ⧇āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻŦāϤ, āφāĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒ, āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽ āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋ, āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒ, āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻšāĻžāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇āϰāĻŋ, āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻ–āύāχ āĻāύāĻĒāĻŋāφāϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āωāĻ¤ā§āϏāĨ¤
āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇

https://www.gopetition.com/â€Ļ/declare-rss-a-terrorist-organiâ€Ļ

āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏāϕ⧇ (āϰāĻžāωāĻĄāĻŋ / āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϏ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āϏ⧇āĻŦāĻ•āϏ) āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āϏāĻ‚āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ ⧧⧝⧍ā§Ģ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇, āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ āύāĻžāϜāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻš ⧧⧝ā§Ēā§Ļ-āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻļāϕ⧇āϰ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹āϞāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āώ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖāĻž āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤

āφāϜ, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ 6 āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ + āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝ āχāωāύāĻŋāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻļāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ āφāϧāĻžāϏāĻžāĻŽāϰāĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧂āĻĒ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āϟāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰ⧌ BharatāĻŧ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāĻŦāĻ°ā§āώ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻĒā§‹āĻ—ā§āϰ⧋āĻŽā§‡ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āϏāĻš āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āϤāϰ āϏāĻšāĻŋāĻ‚āϏāϤāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāĨ¤

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āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ āχāωāύāĻŋāĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϕ⧁āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϤ, āϝāĻž āĻšāĻŋāϟāϞāĻžāϰ āϝ⧁āĻŦ āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ ⧧⧝⧍ā§Ģ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āĻāĻ•āχ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āύāĻžā§ŽāϏāĻŋ āĻĻāϞāϕ⧇ āĻšāĻŋāϟāϞāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āύ⧇āϤ⧃āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āύāĻžā§ŽāϏāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ› āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ, āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ āχāϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŽā§āϏ⧋āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāϰ āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹āϞāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϕ⧇ āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āϞ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ 1931 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇, āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ⧇āϰ āϏāĻš-āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻāϏ āĻŽā§āύāĻœā§‡ āϰ⧋āĻŽā§‡ āĻŽā§āϏ⧋āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āχāϤāĻžāϞ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϝ⧁āĻŦāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ “āϏāĻžāĻŽāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒ⧁āύāĻ°ā§āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ” āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦ⧈āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āϝ⧁āĻŦ āĻ—ā§‹āĻˇā§āĻ ā§€, āĻ“āĻāύāĻŦāĻŋ-āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ‚āϏāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŽā§āύāĻœā§‡ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ, “āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒ⧁āύāĻ°ā§āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāϤ āϚ⧌āĻ°ā§āϝ āĻ›āĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύāĨ¤” āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ “āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžāϟāĻŋ āϜāύāĻ—āϪ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ unityāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžāϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻžāϏāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇:” āĻĄāĻžāσ āĻšā§‡āĻœā§‡āĻ—ā§‹āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύ⧇ āύāĻžāĻ—āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻ‚āϏ⧇āĻŦāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ˜ā§‡āϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāϟāĻŋ āĻ āϧāϰāϪ⧇āϰāĨ¤ “

āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧀āύ āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ, āĻāĻŽ.āĻāϏ. āĻ—ā§‹āϞāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞāĻ•āϰ āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĻā§āϰ⧋āĻš āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āϚ⧁āϰāĻŋāϰ āĻ›āĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĻā§‚āϰ⧇ āϏāϰ⧇ āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻž “āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ“ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻ—ā§ŒāϰāĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύāĻžāύ”āĨ¤ ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§¯ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āύāĻžā§ŽāϏāĻŋ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āύ⧀āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāύ⧇āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻāϕ⧇ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ: “āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻļ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻž āĻŦāϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏ⧇āĻŽā§‡āϟāĻŋāĻ• āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ - āχāĻšā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻļāϕ⧇ āĻļ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāϕ⧇ āĻšāϤāĻŦāĻžāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻšā§āϚ āϰ⧇āϏ āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ “āĻĒā§āϰāϭ⧁ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāϤ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϞāĻžāĻ­ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻžāĻ  āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤” ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧍ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϜ⧁āύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ⧇, āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύāϤāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻšā§āρāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇ āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ⧇āϰ āĻāĻœā§‡āĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻž “āĻāϏāĻŋāĻĄ / āĻāϏāϟāĻŋ / āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϘ⧁ / āĻ“āĻŦāĻŋāϏāĻŋ āϏāĻš āĻ…-āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻ•āϞ āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŽ-āϜāĻžāĻ—āϰāĻŋāϤ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜāϕ⧇ āĻĻā§‚āϰ⧀āĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻšāĻŋāĻ‚āϏāϤāĻž āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āύāĻŋāĻĒā§€āĻĄāĻŧāύāĨ¤
”āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϏāĻšāĻŋāĻ‚āϏāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϰ⧋āϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāϝ⧋āĻ— āωāϠ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āĻŦāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāώāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻāĻŽāϕ⧇ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤāύ āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝ āύāĻžāϟ⧁āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻ—āĻĄāϏ⧇ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀āĨ¤ ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧍ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻšāĻŋāωāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ āϰāĻžāχāϟāϏ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϚ āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϰ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϜāϰāĻžāϟ āϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇ āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ⧀ āĻĒā§‹āĻ—ā§āϰ⧋āĻŽā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧā§€ āĻĻāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ ⧍ā§Ļ⧧⧍ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇, āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻ…āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļ 2006 āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ž āϏāĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϏ⧀ āĻŦā§‹āĻŽāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻŽāϞāĻž āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻŦā§‹āĻŽāĻž āĻšāĻžāĻŽāϞāĻž, āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§‹āĻ—ā§āϰ⧋āĻŽā§‡āϰ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ (āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āϏāĻš) āϏāĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϜ⧁āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϘ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ⧀ āϏāĻšāĻŋāĻ‚āϏāϤāĻžāϰ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āϘāϟāύāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ ⧧⧝ā§Ē 1947 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻŽā§āĻŽā§ āĻ—āĻŖāĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž (⧍ā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ+ āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻšāϤ) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ⧧⧝ .⧝ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϗ⧁āϜāϰāĻžāϟ āĻĻāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻž (ā§Ēā§Ļā§Ļ++ āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻšāϤ) - āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧāχ āĻ—ā§‹āϞāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻĢāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āχ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇ ⧧⧝ 1970ā§Ļ-āĻāϰ āĻ­āĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ (⧧⧝ā§Ļ++ āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻšāϤ), ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Š āφāϏāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āύ⧇āϞāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŖāĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž (⧍,200+ āĻŦāĻžāĻ™āĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻšāϤ), āĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāϰ ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ē āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻ– āĻ—āĻŖāĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž (ā§Š,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ+ āĻļāĻŋāĻ– āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž),

ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ģ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϗ⧁āϜāϰāĻžāϟ āĻĻāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻž (āĻļāϤ āĻļāϤ āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻšāϤ), ā§§ā§¯ā§Ž7 āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‡āϰ⧁āϤ āĻĻāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻž (āĻļāϤ āĻļāϤ āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻšāϤ), ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¯ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāĻ—āϞāĻĒ⧁āϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϝāĻŧ (⧝ā§Ļā§Ļ+ āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻšāϤ), āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāϰāĻŋ āĻŽāϏāϜāĻŋāĻĻ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āϏ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ ⧧⧝⧝⧝ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§€ āĻĻāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻž (⧍,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ+) āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŽāĻžāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ), ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧍ āĻāϰ āϗ⧁āϜāϰāĻžāϟ āĻĒā§‹āĻ—ā§āϰ⧋āĻŽ (⧍,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ+ āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŽāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻšāϤ), ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ž āĻ“āĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĻļāĻž āĻĒā§‹āĻ—ā§āϰ⧋āĻŽ (ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ+ āĻ–ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻšāϤ) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϛ⧋āϟ āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϘāϟāύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āϏāĻ•āϞāϕ⧇ (āϰāĻžāωāĻĄāĻŋ / āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϏ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽ āϏ⧇āĻŦāĻ•āϏ (āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ) āϚāĻŋāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϜāύāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāύ (āĻāύāĻĒāĻŋāφāϰ) āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧋āĻœā§āϝ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϤāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ “āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€ āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āϏāĻ‚āĻ—āĻ āύ” āωāĻĒāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧋āĻœā§āϝ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĨ¤
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1999-2005āĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āχāωāϟāĻž āχāωāύāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ°ā§āϏāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻĢ āĻĒ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŸā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϏ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻ˛ā§āϟ āϞ⧇āĻ• āϏāĻŋāϟāĻŋ, āχāωāϟāĻž 84112, āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ - 2001-2004-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāĻ“ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦ āĻœā§‡āύ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āϰ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ›āϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻžāĻ“ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϤāϰ⧁āĻŖ āĻ“ āωāĻœā§āĻœā§āĻŦāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāχāϕ⧇āϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻŽāĻļāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻ–āĻžāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϞ⧋āĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻžāĻ• āĻ•āϰāĻž āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĨ¤ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϧ āĻĻāĻļāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇, āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻŋāύāĻ—āϤ āωāĻ¤ā§āϏ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ• āĻ…āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāϰ⧋āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻš’āϞ - “āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āϜāύāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϏ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻœā§‡āύ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ”āĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§§ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϏ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāχ āĻŦ⧈āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇ āωāĻĒāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ, āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻŽāĻšā§Ž āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ‚āϏāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ-āĻŦāĻžāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŽāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻāχ āφāĻļā§āϚāĻ°ā§āϝāϜāύāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻœā§āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϜāύāĻ—āϪ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ› āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύāϟāĻŋ āφāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϜāĻŋāύāĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāϰāĻžāĻ“ āϜāĻžāύāϤ⧇ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϜāĻžāϤāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻ—āϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ  āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāϕ⧇ 000ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϘ⧁ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϰāĻžāϜāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ? āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ“ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āϜāύāĻ—āϪ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāύ⧇ āϤ⧁āϞ⧇ āϧāϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĻŋāĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŽāϏāĻŋāχāĻāĻĢ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§€ āϏāĻ‚āĻ—āĻ āύāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āϏāĻšā§‡āϤāύāϤāĻž āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāϰ āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϚāĻŋāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āϏāĻ‚āĻ—āĻ āύāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŽā§‹āĻĄāĻŧ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāϤāĻŽ āϚāĻžāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻšā§‡āϞāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ“ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĻŋ n āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāχ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻšā§‡āϞāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϝāĻžāĻšā§‹āĻ•; āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϤ⧇ āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻāĻāĻŽāϏāĻŋāχāĻāĻĢ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§€ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§€ āϏāĻšā§‡āϤāύāϤāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāϚāĻžāϰ āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύāϟāĻŋ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āϜāύāĻ—āϪ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻšāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻŦ⧈āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻāχ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻžāϕ⧇ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇ Michael āĻŽāĻžāχāϕ⧇āϞ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻļāĻžāĻĻ-āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŦ⧈āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧀āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āφāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻŖā§€āϝāĻŧ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ 4 āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϧāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇: (1) āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ, (2) āĻŽāĻžāχāĻŸā§‹āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ, (3) āĻāĻ•ā§āϏ āĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻŽā§‹āϏ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϞ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ (4) āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāχ āĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻŽā§‹āϏ⧋āĻŽāĻžāϞ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ.āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϪ⧇āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻĒāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāύāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ-āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āφāĻĻāĻžāϞāϤ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻŽāϞāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻŋāσ āĻāύ āĻĄāĻŋ āϤāĻŋāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋāϰ āφāĻĻāĻžāϞāϤ āĻŽāĻžāĻŽāϞāĻžāϟāĻŋ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧇āχ āϏāĻ‚āĻļā§āϞāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āφāĻĻāĻžāϞāϤ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĻā§‹āώ⧀ āϏāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāχāĻŸā§‹āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻœā§‡āύ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āφāĻžā§āϚāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āϏ⧇āχ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻāϤ⧇ āϕ⧋āĻĄā§‡āĻĄ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāχ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧇āχ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž 6000 āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻ•ā§āϤ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧀ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻāϤ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āύāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āϞ⧋āĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ, āĻ•ā§āώāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦ⧈āĻļā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϘ⧁āϤ⧇ 85% āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧀ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āĻŽā§‡āϞ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϝāĻžāĻšā§‹āĻ•; āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ, āĻ•ā§āώāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦ⧈āĻļā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϜāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻāχ āϝ⧇, āϤāĻĢāϏāĻŋāϞāĻŋ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ 50ā§Ģā§Ļ āϟāĻŋ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϤāĻĢāĻļāĻŋāϞ⧀ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ ā§§50ā§Ģā§Ļ āϜāύ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āϜāύ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻāϕ⧇āĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āχ āĻŽā§‡āϞ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚, āĻāχ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ⧇ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇, āωāĻšā§āϚāϤāϰ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ (āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ž āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ, āĻ•ā§āώāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦ⧈āĻļā§āϝ) āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇āϰ āφāĻĻāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻž āύāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāχāϕ⧇āϞ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻļāĻžāĻĻ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϤ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āφāχāύāϤ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāϕ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇āĻ“ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϝāĻŧāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž (āĻĄāĻŋāφāϰāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“), āĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻĻāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋāχ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāύāĻŋ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻāϞāĻ“ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāχāϕ⧇āϞ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻļāĻžāĻĻ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āχ ā§§ā§Ž āϜāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧀āϰ āĻ—ā§āϰ⧁āĻĒ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ 6 āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ 7 āϟāĻŋ āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύ āĻŦ⧈āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ“ āĻāχ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϜāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤

https://notablebrahmins.wordpress.com/â€Ļ/brahmins-are-terroâ€Ļ/
āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ–āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāϤ āϚāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻ—āĻŖ

āϚāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇āύ ‘āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€’ ā§¨ā§Ž āĻļ⧇ āϜāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ⧀, ⧍ā§Ļā§§ patri āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻĒā§āϰ⧇āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ­āϰāϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĢ⧇āϏāϰ āωāχāϞāĻžāϏ āĻ–āĻžāϰāĻžāϤ āĻŦāĻžāχāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻļāĻŋāϰ⧋āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧈āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāχ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϝ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻļāϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āφāϏāϛ⧇āύ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āφāϏāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€? āĻšāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ. āĻāχ āϤāĻŋāύ āĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧāϟāĻŋ āφāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻŖā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϏāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĻžāϏ āĻ–āϰāĻžāϟ, āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāĻ•, āĻĄāĻžāσ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ āφāĻŽā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻāĻ•āϰ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ, āύāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĨ¤ - āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ•

āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āϕ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻĒāĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇āύ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€āĨ¤ IgāĻ—ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ⧇ āĻšāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ IgāĻ—ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ⧇ āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāϕ⧇ ‘āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāĻ°â€™ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āύāĻ—āϰ (āĻĒ⧁āϰāϏ) āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āϏ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ BrahāĻ—ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āϤ⧋āĻ¤ā§āϰ (āĻļā§āϞ⧋āĻ•) āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝāĻž āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āϕ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻ—āĻŖ āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāĻĻ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϧ⧂āĻ°ā§āϤ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ mināĻ—ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ āĻš’āϞ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖā§€āϝāĻŧ āϧ⧂āĻ°ā§āϤāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻļāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€ āĻšāĻžāύāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ RāĻ—ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻšāĻžāύāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ; theāĻ—ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āύāĻŋāĻˇā§āϠ⧁āϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ .āĻ—ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻ  āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§Ž āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤāϟāĻŋ āĻĒ⧇āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āϝ⧇, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāχ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϏ⧀! āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϕ⧇āω āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇āύ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ heāĻ—ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ⧇ āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āϘāϟāύāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĻāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ IgāĻ—ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻļāĻŽ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώ-āϏ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāρāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ- āφāϏāϞ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϰāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ? āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝ āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧀ āύāĻžāĻ—āĻžāϕ⧇ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻĒāϰ⧇, āĻāχ āύāĻžāĻ—āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻ­āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāϕ⧇ āφāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻž āωāρāϚ⧁āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώāĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāϧāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϝ āĻŦāϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž igāĻ—ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšāύāĨ¤ āϏ⧇āχ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ, āĻ•ā§āώāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦ⧈āĻļā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āϤāĻŋāύāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻšā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāχ āĻļā§‚āĻĻā§āϰāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āωāĻšā§āϚ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖā§€āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻĻā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāχ āωāĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āϤāĻŋāύāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ “āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻœâ€āĨ¤ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āωāĻšā§āϚ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āχāωāϰ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻ°ā§āϭ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇āχ āωāĻĒāύāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤ⧃āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻ—āϪ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύ āĻš’āϞ, āĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϰāĻšā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āϖ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇; āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύāĨ¤ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻœā§‹āϤāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻ“ āĻĢ⧁āϞ⧇ āĻāχ āĻŦā§āϰāĻšā§āĻŽ-āώāĻĄāĻŧāϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ (āĻŦā§āϰāĻšā§āĻŽāĻž-āĻ˜ā§‹āϤāϞāĻž) āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻšā§āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āĻ– āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ; āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇āύ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻŦāϤ⧀ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ› āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§āĻ– āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ? āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§āĻ– āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻŦāϤ⧀ āĻšāϝāĻŧ? āĻāϟāĻŋ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤ⧇āύ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāϕ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āύ⧇ āύ⧇āĻŦāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāύ? āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāϤāϟāĻžāχ āϧ⧂āĻ°ā§āϤ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ⧋āĻšā§€ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϤāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āϝ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āĻāϤ āύ⧀āϚ⧁ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻž āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāχ āϧ⧂āĻ°ā§āϤ, āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ“ āύ⧀āϚ⧁ āϞ⧋āϕ⧇āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϕ⧇ āĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ! āĻāχ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧀ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāĻĻ⧇āϰāϕ⧇ āĻļā§‚āĻĻā§āϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻšā§€āύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻāχ āĻļā§‚āĻĻā§āϰāϕ⧇ ras āĻšāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤

āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏ⧇āχ āĻļā§‚āĻĻā§āϰāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧃āĻļā§āϝ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻžāϧ⧀ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϝāĻžāϝāĻžāĻŦāϰ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ“ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻžāϏāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰāϕ⧇ āĻļā§‚āĻĻā§āϰ-āĻ…āϤ⧀āĻļ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻŽāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻĻā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāχ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ; āĻĄāσ āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϏāĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ āφāĻŽā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻāĻ•āϰ āύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύāϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ “āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āϕ⧇ āĻĒāϤāĻŋāϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇”! āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€āĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļ āĻļāĻžāϏāύāĻžāĻŽāϞ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻĄ, āĻļā§āϞ⧇āĻ—āĻžāϞ āĻĒāĻŸā§āϟāĻŋ, āĻœā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻŦ, āϞāĻžāϏāϏ⧇āύ, āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ āĻŽā§āϞāĻžāϰ, āĻļā§āϞ⧇āϚāĻžāϰ, āĻŽāĻŽāϏ⧇āύ, āĻŽāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āωāχāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŽāϏ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ āĻŦāϞ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļā§‹āĻĻā§āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϏ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ āĻāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāϞ (āϕ⧇āĻļāĻŦ) āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϧāϰ āϤāĻŋāϞāĻ•, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϏ⧀ “” āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āφāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻšā§‹āĻŽ “āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāχ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ—ā§ƒāĻšā§€āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϏ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ? āϤāĻŋāϞāϕ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āφāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ; āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻžāχāĻŦ⧇āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āϤāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻŦāϤ, āφāĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒ, āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽ āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋ, āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒ, āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž, āĻšāĻžāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇āϰāĻŋ āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļāϰāĻž āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĻĄā§‡āϕ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϤāĻ–āύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻžāĻ“āĨ¤ , āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āϏāĻžāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧇ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻĒāĻŋāĻ›āύ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻš’āϞ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻžāĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€; āϏ⧁āϤāϰāĻžāĻ‚, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻĻ⧁āϜāύ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻāχ āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧀ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϰāĻžāϜāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻ•āϰāϤāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤ (ā§§) āĻŽāύāĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ (āĻ¸ā§āϞ⧋āĻ•) āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇, āϝāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖā§€āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€āĨ¤ āĻŽāύāĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āϕ⧀āĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋ āύāĻ‚āĨ¤ || 24 || āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ: “āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āĨ¤ (āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻš’āϞ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϜāĻ—āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇)āĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧀āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϏāĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ! “(⧍) āĻŦāĻžāϞ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϧāϰ āϤāĻŋāϞāĻ• (āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ⧇ āφāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻšā§‹āĻŽ): -” āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āĻŦ⧈āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ⧇ āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāĨ¤ āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ⧇, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϘāϟāύāĻž āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝāĻž āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāχ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻž āĻŽā§āĻļāĻ•āĻŋāϞ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ•āϰāϤāĻžāĻŽ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāχ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āĻĒ⧌āρāĻ›āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ āϝ⧇ āĻŦ⧈āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• āφāĻ°ā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĒ⧁āϰ⧁āώāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϰāĻĢ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āφāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­ā§‚āĻ–āĻŖā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ “(ā§Š) āĻŽā§‹āĻšāύāĻĻāĻžāϏ āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰ⧇āϏ⧇āϰ 39 āϤāĻŽ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰāĻŽāϚāĻžāρāĻĻ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ, āϝāĻž ⧍ A āĻļ⧇ āĻĄāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ ⧧⧝⧍ā§Ē-āĻ “āφāĻœâ€ āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϏ⧌āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϏāĻšāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ ‘āφāύ-āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻļāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝāϤāĻž’ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇: - “āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰāϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĨ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻž āĻ…-āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻļāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϞ⧋āϕ⧇āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āϤ⧁āϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻž āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āϝāϤāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āύāĻž āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāϏāϏāĻŋ / āĻāϏāϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāχāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύāϤāĻž āύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĄā§āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϰ āϜāĻžāĻšāĻžāϜāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĄā§āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āφāϜ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāύ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļ āĻšāĻžāύāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰāϰāĻž āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āφāĻ°ā§āϝ āϜāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ–āĻžāϰāĻžāĻĒ āφāϚāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝāĻž āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āφāϚāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ “(ā§Ē) āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āϜāĻžāĻ­āϰāϞāĻžāϞ āύ⧇āĻšā§‡āϰ⧁: - āύ⧇āĻšā§‡āϰ⧁ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻŽā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āχāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāϰāĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀āϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāχ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāϰ⧋āύāĻžāĻŽ “āĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻŽā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāĻ āĻŋ”āĨ¤ āĻāχ āϚāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāϤ⧇ āύ⧇āĻšā§‡āϰ⧁ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϏāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āϏāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āϏ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ “āφāϏ⧁āύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āϕ⧀ āϘāĻŸā§‡āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§€āύ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāϰ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āύāĻŋāϜāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻ¤ā§ŽāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧀āύ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāϏāĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļāϧāϰāϰāĻž āφāϜ āĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻžāϰ āϚāĻžāϰāĻĒāĻžāĻļ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āφāĻ°ā§āϝāϰāĻž āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻāχ āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĄāĻŧāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ, āĻāχ āφāĻ°ā§āϝāϰāĻž āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ āĻāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧃āĻšāϤ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āϝāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύāĻžāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ ”(ā§Ģ) āϤāĻžāρāĻ°â€œ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āώ āĻ•āĻž āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ ”āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¨ā§āĻĨ⧇ āϞāĻžāϞāĻž āϞāϜāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāχ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚-āĻāĨ¤ āĨ¤ ⧍⧧ -⧍⧍ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€āϰāĻžāĨ¤ ()) āĻŦāĻžāϞ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϧāϰ āϤāĻŋāϞāĻ• (āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āώ āĻ•āĻž āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ, āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚ 87 87-⧝⧝āĨ¤ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•- āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁) ()) āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āĻļā§āϝāĻžāĻŽāĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ, āĻāĻŽ.āĻ., āĻāĻŽ.āφāϰ.āĻ.āĻāϏ. āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āϏ⧁āĻ–āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰ, āĻāĻŽ.āĻ., āĻāĻŽ.āφāϰ.āĻ.āĻāϏ. āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāχ ‘āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āώ āĻ•āĻž āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ⧇, āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻŦ -ā§§, āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚â€™āĨ¤ -⧍-63ā§Š) (ā§Ž) āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āϜāύāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĻāύ āĻ­āĻŸā§āϟ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ ‘āĻŽāĻžāϧ⧁āĻ°ā§€â€™ āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϝāĻŧ; āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ ⧧⧝⧍ā§Ģ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ- ‘āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻžāϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āϕ⧀ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻ–ā§‹āĻœâ€™ (āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚ ⧍ 27-⧍⧝) (⧝) āĻļā§āϰ⧀ āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāĻĒā§āϰāϏāĻžāĻĻ, āĻāĻŽ.āφāϰ.āĻ.āĻāϏ., āωāĻĒ-āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟāϰ, āχāω.āĻĒāĻŋ. āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤāύ āĻŽāϰāĻžāĻĨ āĻ•āϞ⧇āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ•, ‘āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻĻāĻŋ’ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āϛ⧇āύ (āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚ ⧍ 27-ā§Šā§Ļ) (ā§§ā§Ļ) āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻ āĻžāϕ⧁āϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύ ‘āϏ⧁āĻ– āϏāĻžāύāĻĒāĻžāĻŸā§āϰāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ⧀ (āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚ -ā§§ā§§-ā§Žā§¨) (ā§§ā§§)’ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀ āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ ‘(āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž) āύāĻžāϗ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻŦāϏ⧁, āĻāĻŽāĻ, āĻāĻŽāφāϰāĻāĻāϏ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āϰāϚāĻŋāϤ āύāĻ‚ 47-51) (12) āĻŦāĻŋāĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϤ igāĻ—ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻ•, āϰāĻŽā§‡āĻļāϚāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻāĻ¤ā§āϤ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āϛ⧇āύ ‘āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤāĻŦāĻ°ā§āώ āϕ⧀ āϏāĻŦā§āϝ āĻ•āĻž āĻ•āĻžāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ, āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻŦ -ā§§’ (āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚āĨ¤ ā§§-19-ā§§)) (ā§§ā§Š) āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ• āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻŦā§€āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻā§€ āϰāϚāĻŋāϤ ‘āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ’ (ā§§ā§Ē) āĻŦāĻžāĻŦ⧁ āĻļā§āϝāĻžāĻŽ āϏ⧁āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ, āĻ•āĻžāĻļā§€āύāĻ—āϰ⧀ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϰāĻŖā§€ āϏāĻ­āĻžāϰ āϏ⧇āĻ•ā§āϰ⧇āϟāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦāĻĻāĻž āϏāĻžāĻ—āϰ āϕ⧋āĻļ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ•, āĻŦāύāϰāϏ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• - ‘āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ’ (āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚ 3) -7)

(ā§§ā§Ģ) āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻŽā§€āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇, āĻŦāĻŋ.āĻ., ‘āĻļā§āϰ⧀āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŖ āϏāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ’-āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ• (8 -⧝⧝ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž’ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ ‘āĻŦāχāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ ⧍⧝ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϝāĻŧ) (ā§§)) āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āϜāĻ—āĻ¨ā§āύāĻžāĻĨ āĻĒāĻžāρāϚāϞāĻŋ āĻ—ā§ŒāĻĄāĻŧ āϰāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¨ā§āĻĨ-’ āφāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ•āĻž āφāĻĻāĻŋāĻŽ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏ ‘(ā§§)) āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻĻ⧁āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāĻŽāĻŖāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ, āĻāĻŽāĻ, āĻāϞāĻāϞāĻŦāĻŋ, āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āĻŦāχ-’ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āĻŽāĻŋāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏ ‘(ā§§ā§Ž) āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§€ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āĻŦāĻœā§€ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻšāϜāĻ• āϰāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¨ā§āĻĨ-’ āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž ‘(āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚ ā§Ž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ⧝) (⧧⧝) āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āφāĻ–āĻŋāϞ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϏāĻ­āĻžāϰ 29 āϤāĻŽ āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āϞāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ‘āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž’āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ• āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϟāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻœā§€āĨ¤ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€āϰāĻžāĨ¤ (⧍ā§Ļ) āφāϚāĻžāĻ°ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĢ⧁āĻ˛ā§āϞ āϚāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϰāĻžāχāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻĻ⧈āύāĻŋāĻ• āύāĻŋāωāϜ āĻĒ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ “āφāϜ” ⧧⧝⧝26 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ ⧍⧝ āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ (⧍⧧) ‘āĻĻ⧇āĻļ-āĻ­āĻ•ā§āϤ’-āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ• (āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚)āĨ¤ ⧍⧝ āĻļ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āĻŦā§āϰ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋ ⧧⧝⧍ā§Ē) (⧍⧍) āϝ⧋āϗ⧇āĻļāϚāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āύāĻŋāωāϜ āĻĒ⧇āĻĒāĻžāϰ ‘āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻŦ⧃āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāύ’ āĻŽā§‡ 1927 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤāĨ¤ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚āĨ¤ ā§§ā§Š6-ā§§ā§Šā§ŠāĨ¤ (ā§¨ā§Š) āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻžā§Ž āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻ•āĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ⧇āϞāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āύ⧇āϤ⧃āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖā§€āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€āĨ¤ āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āĻāϟāĻŋ āύāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻžāĻ“ āχāĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€- “āĻāχ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϞ⧋āϕ⧇āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύāϕ⧇ āϏ⧁āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ⧀ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āρāĻšā§‡ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖāϤāĻž is āϏ⧁āĻ–ā§€ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏ⧁āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻžāϏāĨ¤ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āϏ⧇āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇, āĻāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϞ⧋āϕ⧇āϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāϧāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇, āϝāĻ–āύ āĻļāĻžāϏāĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āφāϰāĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāϧāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϝāϕ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āύ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļāϰāĻž āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āϞ⧋āĻ• āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāύ⧁āĻ—āĻ¤ā§āϝāϕ⧇ āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ I āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāχ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻžāύ⧋ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāχ, āϝāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāύāϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāϪ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āφāϛ⧇, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļ āĻļāĻžāϏāύāĻžāĻŽāϞ⧇ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰāϕ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļāϰāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇, “āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āφāϜ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ” the āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇āĻ“ āĻāχ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāĻ•, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻž āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧀āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāϪ⧇āĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽ āϝ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻ“ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻžāϤ⧇āĨ¤ (āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ: āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāϤāĻž: - āĻ•āĻžāĻ•āĻžāϏāĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϞāĻ•āϰ, āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•- āϰāĻŦā§€āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āϕ⧇āϞ⧇āĻ•āĻžāϰ, āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚ ā§Ģ⧝ā§Ē-⧝⧝, āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ—, āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāύāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ, āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ) āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇, ‘āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āφāϜ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖâ€™āĨ¤ āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻž āϝāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āφāĻŽāϰāĻžāĻ“ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤ āϝāĻžāĻšā§‹āĻ•; āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϞāĻ•āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϞāĻœā§āϜāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āϤāĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύāϤāĻž āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āĻ—āϤ! (⧍ā§Ē) āĻĒāĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋ āĻ­āĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāύ⧇: - āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¨ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĨ¤ (25) āϰāĻžāϧāĻžāϕ⧁āĻŽā§āĻĻ āĻŽā§āĻ–ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ: - āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āϏāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻž- āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚āĨ¤ 41 āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ 47- “āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ āφāĻ°ā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ”āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ⧇, āĻāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝ āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻ°ā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āύ⧇āχ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āφāĻ°ā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇! (⧍)) āĻĄāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋ āϕ⧋āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻŋ: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāύ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϕ⧀ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĻ…āϰ āϏāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϤ-āϕ⧋āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻŋ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻŦāϞ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϏāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āϏāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻ§ā§āĻŦāĻ‚āϏ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ (⧍)) āϰāĻžāĻšā§āϞ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ: āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻ­ā§‹āϞāĻ—āĻž (ā§¨ā§Ž) āϜāϝāĻŧāĻĻ⧇āĻŦ āĻĻā§€āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻžāĻĒ āϝ⧋āĻļāĻŋ (āφāχāĻĒāĻŋāĻāϏ), āĻāχ āϕ⧋āĻ•āϏāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻžāĻ“ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€ are āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ (2001), āĻœā§‹āĻļāĻŋ ‘āϕ⧋āĻ•āύāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āϚāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏ⧇āϰ āĻ—ā§āϰ⧀āĻ• āωāĻ¤ā§āĻ¸â€™ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāχ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āφāϏāϞ⧇, āĻŽāĻžāχāϕ⧇āϞ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻļāĻžāĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤ⧃āĻ• āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻĄāĻžāĻ• āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻœā§‹āĻļāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻž āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇āχ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻœā§‹āĻļāĻŋāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻœā§āĻž āϝ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€! āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āϝāĻž āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞ āϤāĻž āĻš’āϞ, āϕ⧋āĻŦāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āϰ⧀āĻ• āϏāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝāĻž āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϞāĻœā§āϜ āĻĒā§āϰāĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž! āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž, āĻŽāĻžāϤāĻžāϞāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āωāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤ āϝ⧌āύāϤāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ—ā§ŒāϰāĻŦ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ—ā§āϰ⧀āĻ• āϏāĻ­ā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϰ āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāϤāĻž āύ⧇āχ! (⧍⧝) āĻāύāϜāĻŋ āϚāĻžāĻĒ⧇⧇āĻ•āϰ - āĻāχ ‘āϚāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ’ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āϤāĻžāρāϰ “āύāĻŋāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āϛ⧇āύ?” āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύ, āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŦā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āωāĻĒāϏāĻ‚āĻšāĻžāϰāϟāĻŋ āĻš’āϞ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāχāϰ⧇ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻāχ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āύāĻ‚āĨ¤ ⧍⧝ā§Ģ-āϤ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϕ⧇āφāϰ āĻœā§‹āĻļā§€āϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āϝāĻž āĻāχāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ “āϕ⧋āĻ•āύāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻž āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āϏ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻāχ āϝ⧇, āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāϤ āϏāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϧ-āĻ•āĻžāĻĨ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻ-āϗ⧁āϜāϰāĻžāϠ⧇āϰ āϕ⧁āϞāĻžāĻŦāĻž āĻ“ āϰāĻ¤ā§āύāĻ—āĻŋāϰāĻŋāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧāĻŦāĻšā§āϞ āĻĒāĻĨ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϏāϤāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ: - āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāĻ—āϤ āĻĻ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāϕ⧋āϪ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻŋ, āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϕ⧋āĻ•āύāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϗ⧁āϜāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻžāϤāύ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧃āϤ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦ; āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ āϕ⧇ āϏ⧇ (āϚāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ), āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ ‘āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāϛ⧇āĻ¨â€™ āϕ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšā§‡ (āϗ⧁āϜāϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŋāϤ⧇) āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ; āĻ˜ā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ˜ā§‹āĻĻā§‹, āϚāĻŋāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϕ⧁āϤāϰ⧋ āĻ˜ā§‹āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϧ⧋āĻĄā§‹, āϗ⧁āϜāϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϕ⧁āϕ⧁āϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϕ⧁āϟāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āωāϠ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϏāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻžāύ⧋ āϚāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻŦāύ⧇āϰ āϞ⧋āϕ⧇āϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻžāύ⧋ āϚāĻŋāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϕ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āύāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āϏ⧁āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤

āϚāĻŋāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖ āĻ•āĻŽ unitedāĻ•ā§āϝāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĻāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϪ⧇ āϧ⧀āϰ⧇ āϧ⧀āϰ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāϤ⧀āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāχ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĻā§€āĻ°ā§āϘ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĢāϞ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻ—āϤ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ (āϕ⧇āφāϰ āĻœā§‹āĻļā§€, āϜāϞāĻ—āĻžāρāĻ“) “(ā§Šā§Ļ) āĻ­āĻŋ āϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāϜāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻ⧇: - āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻ—āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤” (ā§Šā§§) āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻĻāϝāĻŧāĻžāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āϏāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϤ⧀: - āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€āĨ¤ (ā§Šā§¨) ‘āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āϞāύāĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϝ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āύ, āφāĻŽāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€ āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϝāĻĨ⧇āĻˇā§āϟāĨ¤
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitpavan
āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāĻœā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāϟ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§‹āϝāĻŧāĻž
āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻĄāĻŧ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧇āύ āχāĻ¸ā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ āχāĻšā§āĻĻāĻŋāϰāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻŋāϤ āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŖ āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻĢāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āϚāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϭ⧌āĻ—āϞāĻŋāĻ• āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāĻœā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ­āĻžāϟāĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāϜāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻŋ āϰāĻžāĻ“
āϚāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϧ⧋āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹ āϕ⧇āĻļāĻŦ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϭ⧇, āĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻžāϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻŦ āĻ—ā§‹āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āϰāύāĻžāĻĻ⧇, āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āĻĻāĻžāĻŽā§‹āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϰāĻ•āϰ, āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻ—āϪ⧇āĻļ āφāĻ—āϰāĻ•āϰ, āĻŦāĻŋāύ⧋āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϭ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ ch āϚāĻŋāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀ traditionāϤāĻŋāĻšā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧀āϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇: āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŖ āĻ—ā§‹āĻ–āϞ⧇, āϝāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāύ⧋āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϭ⧇, āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—āĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāĨ¤ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇āϕ⧇ “āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϝāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϰāĻ¤ā§āύ” āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—ā§‹āĻ–āϞ⧇āϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āϗ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāϞāĻĨ āĻļā§āϝāĻžāĻĄā§‹āϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧈āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āĻĻāĻžāĻŽā§‹āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϰāĻ•āϰ āϚāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϚāĻŋāϤāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§‹āĻŦāϏ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ-āϏāĻšāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€ āϤāĻŋāϞāϕ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϝ⧌āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϧāύ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻĢ⧁āϞ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹āϞāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀āϰ āĻ—āĻŖ āϰāĻžāϜāύ⧀āϤāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻāχ āϚāĻŋāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ­āĻžāύāϰāĻž āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒ⧁āϞ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻ• āϞ⧋āĻ• āϏāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϰāĻ•āϰ, āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϏāĻ­āĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āφāϰāĻāϏāĻāϏ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ , āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻļā§€āϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻŖāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϏ⧃āϜāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻ—ā§‹āĻˇā§āĻ ā§€āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ› āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖāĻž āφāĻ•āĻ°ā§āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
āύāĻžāĻĨ⧁āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻ—āĻĄāϏ⧇ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇, āĻŽāĻšāĻžāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§āĻŽāĻŖāϰāĻž, āϚāĻŋāϟāĻĒāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻšāĻŋāĻ‚āϏāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝāϰāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĻāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϞ⧋āĻŦāĻžāϏāĻž āύāϝāĻŧ, āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻžāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϪ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻŽāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻŦā§‹āϧ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻŦāĻŽāĻžāύāύāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āϏāĻšāĻŋāĻ‚āϏāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤
āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ–āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ
āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§‹āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāĻœā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϤāĻžāρāϰ āĻŦāĻ‚āĻļāϧāϰ, āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ, āϚāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋ āĻ…āĻĒāĻĒāĻž, āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāϜāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻ“, āϰāϘ⧁āύāĻžāĻĨāϰāĻžāĻ“, āϏāĻžāĻĻāĻļā§€āĻŦāϰāĻ­ āϭ⧌, āĻŽāĻžāϧāĻŦā¤°ā¤žā¤ĩ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ, āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖā¤°ā¤žā¤ĩ, āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻžāϧāĻŦā¤°ā¤žā¤ĩ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻ“ āύāĻžāύāĻž āĻĢāĻžāĻĻāύāĻžāĻ­āĻŋāϏ (1742 - 1800), āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻžāϧāĻŦā¤°ā¤žā¤ĩ⧇āϰ āϰāĻžāϜāϕ⧀āϝāĻŧ []ā§Ē] āĻĒāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāϧāύ - āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŽāϰāĻŋāĻ• āύ⧇āϤ⧃āĻŦ⧃āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ []ā§Ģ] āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϰāĻžāϜāĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻžāϏāĻ•āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāĻœā§€ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āύāĻžāϟ⧁ - āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§‹āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝ⧁āϗ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻž āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āϗ⧁āĻĒā§āϤāϚāϰāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāύāĻŋāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āχāωāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ āĻœā§āϝāĻžāĻ• āωāĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϞ⧋āĻ–āĻŋāϤāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻā§€ (āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻšāϰāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŽā§āĻ–) (ā§§ā§Žā§¨ā§Š-⧧⧝⧍⧍) āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ• [] 68] []⧝] āύāĻžāύāĻž āϏāĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ (ā§§ā§Žā§¨ā§Ē - ā§§ā§Ž59⧝) - āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāĻšā§āϝ⧁āϤ āĻĒ⧇āĻļā§‹āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻ“ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ-āĻāϰ āĻ—ā§ƒāĻšā§€āϤ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ā§§ā§Ž 1857 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻŦ āĻ—ā§‹āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āϰāĻžāύāĻžāĻĄā§‡ (ā§§ā§Žā§Ē⧍-⧧⧝ā§Ļā§§) āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ⧋āĻšā§‡āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āύ⧇āϤāĻž - āĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻžāϰāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ•. āϰāĻžāĻ“ āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻĻ⧁āϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāϧāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϪ⧁āĻļā§āϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŖāĻļāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āϚāĻŋāĻĒāϞ⧁āĻ™ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ (ā§§ā§Žā§Ģā§Ļ - ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§¨) - āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•, āύ⧀āĻŦāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ•, āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŋ āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āύāĻžāϞ, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ, āĻŦāĻžāϞ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϧāϰ āϤāĻŋāϞāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻĻāĻžāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻ—āϪ⧇āĻļ āφāĻ—āϰāĻ•āϰ, āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž āĻŦāϏ⧁āĻĻ⧇āĻŦ āĻŦāϞāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĢāĻžāĻĻāϕ⧇ (1845 - 1883) - āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻĒ⧁āύ⧇āϤ⧇ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āϏāĻļāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϰ⧋āĻšā§‡āϰ āύ⧇āϤ⧃āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻ•āĻž al āĻŦāĻžāϞ āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϧāϰ āϤāĻŋāϞāĻ• (ā§§ā§Žā§Ģ 1920 - 1920) - āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāĻ•, āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻ°ā§āϞāĻŋ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āύ⧇āϤāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āφāĻŦ⧇āĻĻāύ āϏāĻšāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļ colonāĻĒāύāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻžāϏāύ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤ⧃āĻ• “āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻļāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āϜāύāĻ•” āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŋāϤ (āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻ—āϪ⧇āĻļ āφāĻ—āϰāĻ•āϰ (ā§§ā§Ž 1856 - āϜ⧁āύ ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§Ģ)āĨ¤ āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ•, āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ āĻ“ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ• āϕ⧇āĻļāĻŦāϏ⧁āϤ (āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŖāϜāĻŋ āϕ⧇āĻļāĻŦ āĻĻāĻžāĻŽāϞ⧇) (ā§§ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϚ 1866 - 7 āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ 1905)-āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋ āϧ⧋āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹ āϕ⧇āĻļāĻŦ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϭ⧇ (ā§§ā§Žā§Žā§Ž - ⧧⧝62⧍) - āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ• āĻ“ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āωāĻ•āĻŋāϞ āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāχ āϝ⧋āĻļāĻŋ (ā§§ā§Ž 18ā§Ģ - ā§§ā§Ž 1887) - āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽā§‡ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāϕ⧇āϞ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ—ā§āϰāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž - āĻĒ⧇āύāϏāĻŋāϞāϭ⧇āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻŽā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāϕ⧇āϞ āĻ•āϞ⧇āϜ - ā§§ā§Ž8686 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŖ āĻ—ā§‹āĻ–āϞ⧇ (ā§§ā§Ž6666 - ⧧⧝⧧ā§Ģ) - āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰ⧇āϏ āĻĻāϞ⧇āϰ āϚāĻžāρāĻĒ⧇āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāχāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻļāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āύ⧇āϤāĻž (ā§§ā§Ž7373-ā§§99⧝⧝), (ā§§ā§Ž79⧝-ā§§99⧝⧝) - ā§§ā§Ž Br7 āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĒ⧁āύ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϞ⧇āĻ— āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāĻŖ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ­āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻšāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļ āĻĒā§āϞ⧇āĻ— āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύāĻžāϰ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāϕ⧇ āϖ⧁āύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻ­āĻžāχāϰāĻž āĻ—āĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϧāϰ āύ⧀āϞāĻ•āĻŖā§āĻ  āϏāĻšāĻ¸ā§āϰāĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāϤ⧇ , āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ•, āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ āĻĒ⧌āϰāϏāĻ­āĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ āϏ⧁āϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāύāĻžāĻĨ āϟāĻŋāĻĒāύāĻŋāϏ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ­āĻŋāϏāĻŋāĻĨāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻĻ⧁’āϜāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ•āϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ—ā§āϰāĻšā§‡āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āφāĻŽā§āĻŦ⧇āĻĻāĻ•āϰāϕ⧇ āϏāĻšāĻžāϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύāĨ¤ āύāϰāϏāĻŋāĻ‚āĻš āϚāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻžāĻŽāĻŖ āϕ⧇āϞāĻ•āĻžāϰ (1872 - 1947) - āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•, āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĻ•, āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āύ⧇āϤāĻžāĨ¤ āĻ­āĻžāχāϏāϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•ā§āϏāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋāωāϟāĻŋāĻ­ āĻ•āĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŋāϞ⧇ (⧧⧝⧍ā§Ē-⧍⧝) āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻ—āϪ⧇āĻļ āĻĻāĻžāĻŽā§‹āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϰāĻ•āϰ (1879 - 1945), āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāύāĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϏ⧋āϏāĻžāχāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž, āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύāϤāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āĻĻāĻžāĻŽā§‹āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāχāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ• āĻĻāĻžāĻŽā§‹āĻĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϰāĻ•āϰ, (ā§¨ā§Ž āĻŽā§‡ 1883 - 26 āĻĢ⧇āĻŦā§āϰ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ⧀ 1966) āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻĻā§āϧāĻž, āϏāĻŽāĻžāϜ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāύ⧇āϰ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ•āĨ¤ āĻŦā§€āϰ āϏāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ (”āϏāĻžāĻšāϏ⧀” āϏāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϰāĻ•āϰ) āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āϜāύāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

āϏ⧇āύāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻĒāϤ (12 āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ 1880 - 28 āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ 1967) - āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻĻā§āϧāĻž āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϏ⧇āύāĻžāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āωāĻĒāĻžāϧāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰāĨ¤ āĻĻāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϏāĻžāĻšā§‡āĻŦ āĻĢāĻžāϞāϕ⧇- (ā§Šā§Ļ āĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϞ ā§§ā§Ž70ā§Ļ - ā§§ February āĻĢ⧇āĻŦā§āϰ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋ ⧧⧝ā§Ēā§Ē) āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϚāϞāĻšā§āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻĨāĻŋāĻ•ā§ƒā§Ž āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āĻŖāϜāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ•āϰ āĻ–āĻžāĻĻāĻŋāϞāĻ•āϰ- (⧍ā§Ģ āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ ā§§ā§Ž72⧍ - ⧍ August āφāĻ—āĻ¸ā§āϟ 1948) āϕ⧇āϏāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻ“ āύāĻŦāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ• [ā§Žā§¯] [āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āωāĻĻā§āϧ⧃āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ] āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϪ⧁ āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻ­āĻžāϟāĻ–āĻŖā§āĻĄā§‡ (ā§§ā§Ž60ā§Ļ - ⧧⧝3636) - āĻšāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāύ⧀ āĻ§ā§āϰ⧁āĻĒāĻĻā§€ āϏāĻ‚āĻ—ā§€āϤ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āωāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāĻĻ [90] āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻĨ āĻ•āĻžāĻļā§€āύāĻžāĻĨ āϰāĻžāϜāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻĻ⧇ (1863–1926) - orāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• [91] āĻ…āύāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāύāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇ (1891-1910) - āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞāĻŦā§€, ⧧⧝⧧ā§Ļ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āύāĻžāϏāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻļ āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟāϰ, āĻāĻāĻŽāϟāĻŋ āĻœā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϏāύ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĢāĻžāρāϏāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ [āĻ•] āĻŦāĻŋāύ⧋āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻžāϭ⧇- (ā§§ā§Žā§¯ā§¯ - ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¨), āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀ āύ⧇āϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻĻā§āϧāĻž āĻĻāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻŽāϚāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧇ (ā§§ā§Žā§¯6 - ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§§) ) - āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āύāĻĄāĻŧ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋ āĻ“ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•āĨ¤ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύāĻĒā§€āĻ  āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϜāϝāĻŧā§€ []⧝] āύāϰāĻšāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āϪ⧁ āĻ—āĻĄāĻ—āĻŋāϞ- (ā§§ā§Ļ āϜāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ⧀ 1896 - 12 āϜāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ⧀ 1966) āĻ•āĻ‚āĻ—ā§āϰ⧇āϏ āύ⧇āϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āύ⧇āĻšā§‡āϰ⧁āϰ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϏāĻ­āĻžāϰ āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝ āχāϰāĻžāĻŦāϤ⧀ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϭ⧇ - (1905 - 1970), āύ⧃āϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻŋāĻĻ āύāĻĨ⧁āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻ—āĻĄāϏ⧇- (19 āĻŽā§‡ 1910 - 15 āύāϭ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ 1949) āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻž āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀āϰ āϘāĻžāϤāĻ• [⧝⧝] āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āφāĻĒā§āϤ⧇ (⧧⧝⧧⧧ - ⧧⧝⧝⧝) - āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻš-āώāĻĄāĻŧāϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĨ¤ āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāĻžāϞ āĻ—āĻĄāϏ⧇ (⧧⧝⧧⧝ - ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ģ) - āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧀ āĻ“ āύāĻžāĻĨ⧁āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻ—āĻĄāϏ⧇ āĻāϰ āϛ⧋āϟ āĻ­āĻžāχāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻš-āώāĻĄāĻŧāϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĨ¤ [ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ] āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āϰāĻ‚ āĻļāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ āφāϟāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ (⧧⧝ā§Ļ⧍ - ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Š) āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽā§€ āĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļāύāĻŋāĻ•, āφāĻ§ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āύ⧇āϤāĻž, āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āϞāĻŦā§€ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϧāĻ°ā§āĻŽ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāĻĻā§€, āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ ⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ē āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ (āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ) āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻ•āĻžāĻļā§€āύāĻžāĻĨ āϘāĻžāύ⧇āĻ•āĻžāϰ (ā§§ā§¯ā§Šā§Ļ - ā§§ā§¯ā§Ž6) - āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāύ⧇āϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻŽāĻžā§āĻšā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āĨ¤ [āωāĻĻā§āϧ⧃āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ] āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ—ā§‹āĻ–āϞ⧇ (āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ ⧧⧝ā§Ē 1947) - āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϚāϞāĻšā§āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ, āĻŸā§‡āϞāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻļāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžā§āϚ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāύ⧇āϤāĻž [āωāĻĻā§āϧ⧃āϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ] āĻŽāĻžāϧ⧁āϰ⧀ āĻĻā§€āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ (āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽ ⧧⧝ 1967) - āĻŦāϞāĻŋāωāĻĄ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāύ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀ [ā§§ā§Ļ⧍] āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻŽāϧ⧁āϏ⧂āĻĻāύ āφāĻĒā§āϤ⧇ - āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āύāĻ—āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĨ¤ āϗ⧁āϜāϰāĻžāĻŸā§‡āϰ āϰāĻžāϜāϧāĻžāύ⧀ āĻļāĻšāϰ āĻ—āĻžāĻ¨ā§āϧāĻŋāύāĻ—āϰ āĻļāĻšāϰāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻž āĻ“ āύāĻ•āĻļāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤
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āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ—āϤ

āϜāĻ—āϠ⧇āϏāύ āϚāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧇āĻļāĻ–āϰāĻŖ ran

āϕ⧁āĻļāĻŋāύāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāύāĻž āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĒā§‹āĻ—ā§‹āĻĻāĻž-āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϞāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āϝ āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϚāĻŋāϰāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āύāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧀āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻ 
āĻ­āĻžāϞ āĻ•āϰ! āĻĒāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŽāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ!
āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻžāϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏ⧀ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏ⧀ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻļā§€āϞāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

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Trump Card - Discuss Paper Ballots first. CAA, NRC issues next with Murderer of democratic institutions and Master of diluting institutions (Modi) who gobbled the Master Key by tampering the Fraud EVMs/VVPATs to win elections. Classical Marathi-⤕āĨā¤˛ā¤žā¤¸ā¤ŋ⤕⤞ ā¤Žā¤žā¤“ā¤°āĨ€,Classical Tamil-āŽĒāŽžāŽ°āŽŽā¯āŽĒāŽ°āŽŋāŽ¯ āŽ‡āŽšā¯ˆāŽ¤ā¯āŽ¤āŽŽāŽŋāŽ´ā¯ āŽšā¯†āŽŽā¯āŽŽā¯ŠāŽ´āŽŋ,Classical Urdu- ÚŠŲ„Ø§ØŗÛŒÚŠÛŒ Ø§ØąØ¯Ųˆ Classical Punjabi-ā¨•ā¨˛ā¨žā¨¸āŠ€ā¨•ā¨˛ ā¨ĒāŠ°ā¨œā¨žā¨ŦāŠ€,Classical Telugu- ā°•āąā°˛ā°žā°¸ā°ŋā°•ā°˛āą ā°¤āą†ā°˛āąā°—āą,Classical Nepali-ā¤ļā¤žā¤¸āĨā¤¤āĨā¤°āĨ€ā¤¯ ā¤ŽāĨā¤¯ā¤žā¤‚ā¤Žā¤žā¤° (ā¤Ŧ⤰āĨā¤Žā¤ž),Classical Sindhi,
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