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30 04 2012 MONDAY LESSON 596 FREE ONLINE eNālāndā Research And Practice UNIVERSITY And THE BUDDHISTONLINE GOOD NEWS LETTER by ABHIDHAMMA RAKKHITA through http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org Dhammapada: Verses and Stories Body Fattens - Mind Does Not
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30 04 2012 MONDAY LESSON 595 FREE ONLINE eNālāndā
Research And Practice UNIVERSITY And
THE BUDDHISTONLINE GOOD NEWS LETTER by ABHIDHAMMA RAKKHITA through http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org

Dhammapada:
Verses and Stories
Body Fattens - Mind Does Not


Verse
152. Body Fattens - Mind Does Not

Just as the ox grows old
so this man of little learning:
his fleshiness increases,
his wisdom doesnā€™t grow.

Explanation: The person who has scarcely heard the Teaching
grows in physique, like a fattened bull. Although his body grows, his self
understanding does not.

V.

FIVE TYPES OF BUDDHIST STUDY AND PRACTICE

MAHAYANA AND HINAYANA COMPARED

PURE LAND

BUDDHA RECITATION

EIGHT CONSCIOUSNESSES

ONE HUNDRED DHARMAS

ONE HUNDRED DHARMAS

http://www.drbu.org/dictionary/one-hundred-dharmas

One
Hundred Dharmas

The
One Hundred Dharmas are a general categorization of all dharmas according to
the Consciousness-Only School of the Mahayana.


All lists of dharmas are distinction-making for the purpose of
breaking attachment to harmful distinctions about our minds and the physical
world that are based on attachment to self. Other general categorizations of
all dharmas include the five skandhas and the eighteen realms.

The One Hundred Dharmas make distinctions that are more specific
and form the basis for a sophisticate and detailed Buddhist psychology of mind.
They include:
11 Form Dharmas (five skandhasā€”form)
8 Mind Dharmas (eight consciousnesses)
51 Dharmas Interactive with the Mind
24 Dharmas Not Interactive with the Mind
+6 Unconditioned Dharmas
—————————————————————
100 Dharmas

The One Hundred Dharmas are listed individually and discussed in
detail in the Śāstra on the Door to Understanding the Hundred Dharmas (HD).


Chinese
Terms

ē™¾ę³•

http://www.cttbusa.org/100shastra/100dharmas1.asp

http://www.cttbusa.org/100shastra/mtgate.jpgTHE SAGELY CITY OF TEN
THOUSAND BUDDHAS

http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/Buddhism/Yogacara/BasicVersesAppendc.htm

http://buddhasandsages.wordpress.com/2010/03/02/100-dharmas/

http://www.acmuller.net/yogacara/outlines/100dharmas-big5.htm

The One Hundred
Dharmas

ē™¾ę³•

Dan
Lusthaus

Based
on Vasubandhu’s Baifa mingmen lun
ē™¾ę³•ę˜Žé–€č«–
Mahaayaana `satadharmaa-prakaa`samukha `saastra
(Lucid Introduction to the One Hundred Dharmas)
T.31.1614

 

I. The Eight
Consciousnesses      Citta-dharma 
åæƒę³•ļ¼Œå…«č­˜


1.
Seeing-consciousness


cak.sur-vij~naana


ēœ¼č­˜


2.
Hearing-consciousness


`srotra-vij~naana


č€³č­˜


3.
Smelling-consciousness


ghraa.na-vij~naana


é¼»č­˜


4.
Tasting-consciousness


jihvaa-vij~naana


舌識


5.
Tactile/kinetic consciousness


kaaya-vij~naana


čŗ«č­˜


6.
Empiric-consciousenss


mano-vij~naana


ꄏ識


7.
Focusing


manas


ꄏ


8.
Warehouse consciousness


aalaya-vij~naana


é˜æč³“č€¶č­˜

 

 

II. Mental Associates  
   caitta, caitasika-dharma 
åæƒę‰€ę³•

citta-samprayukta-dharma 
åæƒē›øę‡‰ę³•

A

Always-active   
Sarvatraga 
éč”Œ


 9.
Sensory contact


spar`sa


č§ø


10.
Pleasure/pain/neutral


vedanaa


受


11.
Volition


cetanaa


ꀝ


12.
Associative-thinking


sa.mj~naa


ęƒ³


13.
Attention


manaskaara


ä½œę„

 

B

Specific   
Viniyata 
刄境


14.
Desire


chanda


ę¬²


15.
Confident Resolve


adhimok.sa


å‹č§£


16.
Memory/mindfulness


sm.rti


åæµ


17.
Meditative concentration


samaadhi


定


18.
Discernment


praj~naa


ꅧ

 

C

Advantageous   
Ku`sala 
善


19.
Faith/trust


`sraddhaa


äæ”


20.
[inner] Shame


hrii


ꅚ


21.
Embarrassment


apatraapya


ꄧ


22.
Lack of Greed


alobha


ē„”č²Ŗ


23.
Lack of Hatred


adve.sa


ē„”ēž‹


24.
Lack of Misconception


amoha


ē„”ē—“


25.
Vigor


viirya


ē²¾é€²


26.
Serenity


pra`srabdhi


č¼•å®‰


27.
Carefulness


apramaada


äøę”¾é€ø


28.
Equanimity


upek.sa


č”ŒęØ


29.
Non-harmfulness


ahi.msaa


äøå®³

 



D

Mental
Disturbances    Kle`sa 
ē…©ęƒ±


30. Appropriational intent


raaga


č²Ŗ


31. Aversion


pratigha


ēž‹


32. Stupidity


muu.dhi


ē—“


33. Arrogance


maana


ę…¢


34. Doubt


vicikitsaa


ē–‘


35. Perspectivality


d.r.s.ti


ęƒ”č¦‹

 

E

Secondary Mental
Disturbances    Upakle`sa 
éšØē…©ęƒ±


36. Anger


krodha


åææ


37. Enmity


upanaaha


ęØ


38. Resist recognizing own faults


mrak.sa


覆


39. [verbal] maliciousness


pradaasa


ꃱ


40. Envy


iirasyaa


嫉


41. Selfishness


maatsarya


ę…³


42. Deceit


maayaa


čŖ‘


43. Guile


`saa.thya


č«‚


44. Harmfulness


vihi.msaa


害


45. Conceit


mada


ꆍ


46. Shamelessness


aahriikya


ē„”ꅚ


47. Non-embarrassment


anapatraapya


ē„”ꄧ


48. Restlessness


auddhatya


ꎉ舉


49. Mental fogginess


styaana


ęƒ›ę²ˆ


50. Lack of Faith/trust


aa`sraddhya


äøäæ”


51. Lethargic negligence


kausiidya


ꇈꀠ


52. Carelessness


pramaada


ę”¾é€ø


53. Forgetfulness


mu.sitasm.rtitaa


失åæµ


54. Distraction


vik.sepa


ę•£äŗ‚


55. Lack of [self-]Awareness


asa.mprajanya


äøę­£ēŸ„





 

F

Indeterminate    Aniyata 
äøå®š


56. Remorse


kauk.rtya


ꂔ


57. Torpor


middha


éšØēœ 


58. Initial mental application


vitarka


尋


59. [subsequent] Discursive
Thought


vicaara


ä¼ŗ

 

 

III. Form    
   Ruupa-dharma 
č‰²ę³•


60. Eye


cak.sus


ēœ¼


61. Ear


`srotra


č€³


62. Nose


ghraa.na


é¼»


63. Tongue


jihvaa


舌


64. Body


kaaya


čŗ«


65. [visible] form


ruupa


č‰²


66. Sound


`sabda


č²


67. Smell


gandha


香


68. Taste


rasa


味


69. Touch


spra.s.tavya


č§ø


70. ‘Formal’ Thought-objects


dharmaayatanikaani ruupaani


ę³•č™•ę‰€ę”č‰²


a. Concrete form analyzed to
minutest extent


ꄵē•„č‰²

 


b. Non-concrete form (space,
color) analyzed to grandest extent


ꄵčæ„č‰²

 


c. Innermost impression of
perceptual form


å—ę‰€å¼•č‰²

 


d. Forms arising through False
Conceptual Construction


遍čØˆę‰€čµ·č‰²

 


e. Forms produced and mastered in
Samaadhi


å®šę‰€ē”Ÿč‡ŖåœØč‰²

 






 

IV. Embodied-conditioning Not
Directly [perceived] by Citta

Citta-viprayukta-sa.mskaara-dharma 
åæƒäøē›øę‡‰č”Œę³•


71. (karmic) Accrual


praapti


得


72. Life-force


jiivitendriya


å‘½ę ¹


73. Commonalities by species


nikaaya-sabhaaga


ēœ¾åŒåˆ†


74. Differentiation of species


visabhaaga


ē•°ē”Ÿę³•


75. Attainment of Thoughtlessness


asa.mj~ni-samaapatti


ē„”ęƒ³å®š


76. Attainment of Cessation


nirodha-samaapatti


ę»…ē›”定


77. [realm of] Thoughtless
[beings]


aasa.mj~nika


ē„”ęƒ³ęžœ


78. ‘Name’ body


naama-kaaya


名čŗ«


79. ‘Predicate’ body


pada-kaaya


叄čŗ«


80. ‘Utterance’ body


vya~njana-kaaya


ꖇčŗ«


81. Birth/arising


jaati


ē”Ÿ


82. Continuity/abiding


sthiti


住


83. Aging/decaying


jaraa


老


84. Impermanence


anityataa


ē„”åøø


85. Systematic Operation


prav.rtti


ęµč½‰


86. Determinant (karmic)
Differences


pratiniyama


定ē•°


87. Unifying


yoga


ē›øꇉ


88. Speed


jaava


勢速


89. Seriality


anukrama


ꬔē¬¬


90. Area (space)


de`sa


ę–¹


91. Time


kaala


Ꙃ


92. Number/calculation


sa.mkhyaa


ę•ø


93. Synthesis


saamagrii


å’Œåˆę€§


94. Otherwiseness


anyathaatva


äøå’Œåˆę€§

 

 

V. Unconditioned Dharmas 
   Asa.msk.rta-dharmas 
ē„”ē‚ŗę³•


95. Spatiality


aakaa`sa


虛ē©ŗ


96. Cessation through
Understanding


pratisa.mkhyaa-nirodha


꓇껅ē„”ē‚ŗ


97. Cessation without
Understanding


apratisa.mkhyaa-nirodha


éžę“‡ę»…ē„”ē‚ŗ


98. ‘Motionless’ Cessation


aani~njya


äøå‹•ę»…ē„”ē‚ŗ


99. Cessation of Associative-thinking
and Pleasure/pain


sa.mj~naa-vedayita-nirodha


ęƒ³å—ę»…ē„”ē‚ŗ


100. Ipseity


tathataa


如來

 http://www.nalanda-university.com/buddhist-ayurveda-encylopedia/one_hundred_dharmas_shata-dharmah_pali-sata-dhammah_bai-fa.htm

http://www.zhaxizhuoma.net/DHARMA/Tripitaka/lucid100dharmas.htm

Lucid
Introduction to the One Hundred Dharmas
(Mahayana `satadharmaa-prakaa`samukha shastra or Bai-fa ming-men lun)

By
Vasubandhu

 

I.

The Eight Consciousnesses

 

Citta-dharma

Xin-fa, Ba-shi

II.

Mental Associates

caitta, caitasika-dharma
citta-samprayukta-dharma

Xin-suo fa, xin-xiang-ying fa

   A.

Always-active

Sarvatraga

Bian-xing

   B.

Specific

Viniyata

Bie-jing

   C.

Advantageous    

Ku`sala  

Shan

   D.

Mental Disturbances

Kle`sa

Fan-nao

   E.

Secondary Mental Disturbances

Upakle`sa

Sui-fan-nao

   F.

Indeterminate

 

Aniyata 

Bu-ding

III.

Form 

 

Ruupa-dharma

Se-fa

IV.

Embodied-conditioning Not Directly [perceived] by Citta

 

Citta-viprayukta-sa.mskaara-dharma

Xin-bu-xiang-ying-xing-fa

V.

Unconditioned Dharmas 

Asa.msk.rta-dharmas

Wu-wei-fa

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30 04 2012 MONDAY LESSON 595 FREE ONLINE eNālāndā
Research And Practice UNIVERSITY And
THE BUDDHISTONLINE GOOD NEWS LETTER by ABHIDHAMMA RAKKHITA through http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org


84000 Khandas divided into 275250 as to the


stanzas of the original text and
into 361550 divided  into 2547 banawaras containing 737000 stanzas and
29368000

separate letters

Awakeness Practices

All 84,000 Khandas As Found in the
Pali Suttas

Traditionally
the are 84,000 Dharma Doors -
84,000 ways to get Awakeness. Maybe so;

certainly the Buddha taught a
large number of practices that lead to

Awakeness. This web page attempts
to catalogue those found in the Pali Suttas

(DN, MN, SN, AN, Ud & Sn 1).
There are 3 sections:

The discourses of Buddha
are divided into 84,000, as to
separate addresses. The division includes all

that was spoken by Buddha.ā€I
received from Buddha,ā€ said Ananda, ā€œ82,000

Khandas, and  from the
priests 2000; these are 84,000 Khandas maintained

by me.ā€ They are divided into
275,250, as to the stanzas of the original text,

and into 361,550, as to the stanzas
of the commentary. All the discourses

including both those of Buddha and
those of the commentator, are divided

into 2,547 banawaras, containing
737,000 stanzas, and 29,368,000 separate letters.

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SIX PARAMITAS

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FIVE TYPES OF BUDDHIST STUDY AND
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MAHAYANA AND HINAYANA COMPARED

PURE LAND

BUDDHA RECITATION

EIGHT CONSCIOUSNESSES

ONE HUNDRED DHARMAS

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every second - everything is changing
( Nothing is permanent )
MAY YOU
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MAY YOU LIVE LONG

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comments (0)
04/28/12
29 04 2012 SUNDAY LESSON 595 FREE ONLINE eNālāndā Research And Practice UNIVERSITY And THE BUDDHISTONLINE GOOD NEWS LETTER by ABHIDHAMMA RAKKHITA through http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org Dhammapada: Verses and Stories Dhammapada Verse 150 The Body Is A City Of Bones
Filed under: General
Posted by: site admin @ 8:39 pm

29 04 2012 SUNDAY LESSON 595 FREE ONLINE eNālāndā
Research And Practice UNIVERSITY And
THE BUDDHISTONLINE GOOD NEWS LETTER by ABHIDHAMMA RAKKHITA through
http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org

Dhammapada: Verses and Stories

Dhammapada
Verse 150
The Body Is A City Of
Bones





Verse
150. The Body Is A City Of Bones

This cityā€™s made of bones
plastered with flesh and blood,
within are stored decay and death,
besmearing and conceit.

Explanation: This body is made of bones which form its
structure. This bare structure is plastered and filled with flesh and blood.
Inside this citadel are deposited decay, death, pride and ingratitude.

V.
FIVE TYPES OF BUDDHIST STUDY AND PRACTICE

MAHAYANA AND HINAYANA COMPARED


PURE LAND
BUDDHA RECITATION

EIGHT CONSCIOUSNESSES

ONE HUNDRED DHARMAS

EIGHT CONSCIOUSNESSES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_Consciousnesses

Eight
Consciousnesses

The
Eight Consciousnesses is a
classification developed in the tradition of the
Yogacara school of Buddhism. They enumerate the five senses, supplemented by the mind , the “obscuration” of the mind (manas), and finally
the fundamental
store-house
consciousness
, which is the basis of the other seven.

Contents

  • 4
    Consciousness
  • 4.2
    Transformations of consciousness
  • 5
    Understanding in Buddhist Tradition
  • 5.2
    Korea
  • 6 See
    also
  • 7 Notes
  • 8
    References
  • 9 Sources
  • 10
    External links
  • Etymology

    The Sanskrit term for the Eight
    Consciousnesses is
    A
    į¹£į¹­avijƱāna, from aį¹£į¹­a “eight”
    and
    vijƱāna “consciousness”. The Tibetan term is rnam-shes
    tshogs-brgyad
    )[1]

    The Sanskrit term for store-house consciousness is ālayavijƱāna,
    from ālaya “abode, dwelling”;
    Tibetan: kun gzhi rnam shes; Chinese: é˜æč³“č€¶č­˜, Japanese: arayashiki (é˜æé ¼č€¶č­˜?)

    The Eight
    Consciousnesses (A
    į¹£į¹­a
    VijƱāna)

    All
    Eight Consciousness are “aggregates” or
    skandha.

    The
    first six are the sensate “consciousnesses” plus the mind. The
    Yogacara School that espoused the Cittamatra
    Doctrine

    proffer two more consciousnesses:

    1. Eye-consciousnes (Tibetan: mig-gi
      rnam-shes
      ), seeing apprehended by the visual sense organs;
    2. Ear-consciousness (Tibetan: rnaā€™i
      rnam-shes
      ), hearing apprehended by the auditory sense organs;
    3. Nose-consciousness (Tibetan: snaā€™i
      rnam-shes
      ), smelling apprehended through the olfactory organs;
    4. Tongue-consciousness (Tibetan: lceā€™i
      rnam-shes
      ), tasting perceived through the gustatory organs;
    5. Body-consciousness (Tibetan: lus-kyi
      rnam-shes
      ), tactile feeling apprehended through skin contact,
      touch.
    6. Ideation-consciousnes (Tibetan: yid-kyi
      rnam-shes
      ), the aspect of mind known in Sanskrit as citta or manovijƱāna,
      the “
      mind
      monkey
      “;
      the consciousness of
      ideation.
    7. Manas
      consciousness

      (Sanskrit: klistamanas =
      klesha; Tibetan: nyon-yid
      rnam-shes
      ), obscuration-consciousness (”obscuration”,
      “poison”, “enemy”; manas “ideation”,
      “moving mind”, “mind monkey”), the consciousness which
      through apprehension, gathers the hindrances, the poisons, the karmic
      formations;
    8. “Store-house
      consciousness” (Sanskrit: ālāyavijƱāna; Tibetan: kun-gzhi
      rnam-shes
      ), The seed consciousness (bi^ja-vijn~a^na), “the
      consciousness which is the basis of the other seven”.
      [2] It is the
      aggregate which administers and yields
      rebirth.[a]

    Origins
    and development

    Pali Canon

    The first five sense-consciousnesses along with the sixth
    consciousness are identified in the
    Sutta Pitaka, especially the Salayatana Vagga subsection of the Samyutta Nikaya:

    “Monks, I
    will teach you the All. Listen & pay close attention. I will speak.”

    “As you say, lord,” the monks responded.

    The Blessed One
    said, “What is the All? Simply the eye & forms, ear & sounds, nose
    & aromas, tongue & flavors, body & tactile sensations, intellect
    & ideas. This, monks, is called the All. [1] Anyone who would say,
    ‘Repudiating this All, I will describe another,’ if questioned on what exactly
    might be the grounds for his statement, would be unable to explain, and
    furthermore, would be put to grief. Why? Because it lies beyond range.”[3]

    Yogacara

    Main article: Yogacara

    The Yogacara-school gives a detailed explanation of the
    workings of the mind and the way it constructs the reality we experience. It is
    “meant to be an explanation of experience, rather than a system of
    ontology”.
    [4] Vasubandhu is considered to be
    the sytematizer of Yogacara-thought.
    [5] Vasubandhu used the
    concept of the
    six consciousnesses, on which he elaborated in the Triį¹ƒÅ›ikaikā-kārikā (Treatise in Thirty
    Stanzas).
    [6]

    Consciousness

    According
    to the traditional interpretation, Vasubandhu states that there are eight
    consciousnesses:

    According
    to Kalupahana, this classification of eight consciousnesses is based on a
    misunderstanding of Vasubandhu’s Tri
    į¹ƒÅ›ikaikā-kārikā by later
    adherents.
    [9][b]

    AālayavijƱāna

    The ālaya-vijƱāna forms the “base-consciousness”
    (mÅ«la-vijƱāna) or “causal consciousness”. According to the
    traditional interpretation, the other seven consciousnesses are
    “evolving” or “transforming” consciousnesses originating in
    this base-consciousness.

    The store-house consciousness accumulates all potential
    energy for the mental (nama) and physical (rupa) manifestation of
    one’s existence (namarupa).
    It is the storehouse-consciousness which induces transmigration or rebirth,
    causing the origination of a new existence

    Rebirth and purification

    The store-house consciousness receives impressions from
    all functions of the other consciousnesses, and retains them as potential
    energy,
    bija or
    “seeds”, for their further manifestations and activities. Since it
    serves as the container for all experiential impressions it is also called the
    “seed consciousness” (ēخ子
    識) or container consciousness.

    According to Yogacara teachings, the
    seeds stored in the store consciousness of sentient beings are not pure.
    [c]

    The store consciousness, while being originally immaculate
    in itself, contains a “mysterious mixture of purity and defilement, good
    and evil”. Because of this mixture the transformation of consciousness
    from defilement to purity can take place and
    awakening is possible.[10]

    Through the process of purification the dharma
    practitioner can became a Arahat, when the four defilements of the mental
    functions
    [d] of the
    manas-consciousness are purified.
    [e] [f]

    Tathagata-garbha thought

    According to the Lankavatara Sutra and the schools of Chan/Zen Buddhism, the alaya-vjnana is
    identical with the
    tathagata-garbha[g], and is
    fundamentally pure.
    [11]

    The equation of alaya-vjnana and tathagatagarbha was
    contested. It was seen as “something akin to the Hindu notions of ātman
    (permanent, invariant self) and
    prak
    į¹›ti (primordial
    substrative nature from which all mental, emotional and physical things
    evolve).
    [12] The critique led by
    the end of the eighth centuryto the rise of …

    [T]he
    logico-epistemic tradition [of Yogācāra] and […] a hybrid school that
    combined basic Yogācāra doctrines with Tathāgatagarbha thought.

    The logico-epistemological wing in part side-stepped the
    critique by using the term citta-santāna, “mind-stream”,
    instead of ālaya-vijƱāna, for what amounted to roughly the same idea. It
    was easier to deny that a “stream” represented a
    reified self.

    On the other
    hand, the Tathāgatagarbha hybrid school was no stranger to the charge of
    smuggling notions of selfhood into its doctrines, since, for example, it
    explicitly defined the tathāgatagarbha as “permanent, pleasurable, self,
    and pure (nitya, sukha, ātman, śuddha). Many
    Tathāgatagarbha texts, in fact, argue for the acceptance of selfhood (ātman)
    as a sign of higher accomplishment. The hybrid school attempted to conflate tathāgatagarbha
    with the ālaya-vijƱāna.
    [12]

    Transformations of consciousness

    The traditional interpretation of the eight
    consciousnesses may be discarded on the ground of a reinterpretation of
    Vasubandhu’s works.

    According to scholar Roger R. Jackson, a
    “‘fundamental unconstructed awareness’ (mÅ«la-nirvikalpa-jƱāna)”
    is “described […] frequently in Yogacara literature.”
    [13] , Vasubandhu’s work

    According to Kalupahana, instead of positing additional
    consciousnesses, the Tri
    į¹ƒÅ›ikaikā-kārikā describes the transformations
    of this consciousness:

    Taking vipaka,
    manana and vijnapti as three different kinds of functions, rather
    than caharacteristics, and understanding vijnana itself as a function (vijnanatiti
    vijnanam
    ), Vasubandhu seems to be avoiding any form of substantialist
    thinking in relation to consciousness.
    [14]

    These transformations are threefold:[14]

    Whatever, indeed,
    is the variety of ideas of self and elements that prevails, it occurs in the
    transformation of consciousness. Such transformation is threefold, [namely,][15]

    The first transformation results in the alaya:

    the resultant,
    what is called mentation, as well as the concept of the object. Herein, the
    consciousness called alaya, with all its seeds, is the resultant.
    [16]

    The alaya-vijnana therefore is not an eight consciousness,
    but the resultant of the transformation of consciousness:

    Instead of being
    a completely distinct category, alaya-vijnana merely represents the
    normal flow of the stream of consciousness uninterrupted by the appearance of
    reflective self-awareness. It is no more than the unbroken stream of
    consciousness called the life-proces by the Buddha. It is the cognitive
    process, containing both emotive and conative aspects of human experience, but
    without the enlarged egoistic ermotions and dognatic graspings characteristic
    of the next two transformations.
    [9]

    The second transformation is manana,
    self-consciousness or “Self-view, self-confusion, self-esteem and
    self-love”.
    [17] According to the
    Lankavatara and later interpreters it is the seventh consciousness.
    [18] It is
    “thinking” about the various perceptions occurring in the stream of
    consciousness”.
    [18] The alaya is
    defiled by this self-interest;

    [I]t can be
    purified by adopting a non-substantialist (anatman) perspective and
    thereby allowing the alaya-part (i.e. attachment) to dissipate, leaving
    consciousness or the function of being intact.
    [17]

    The third transformation is visaya-vijnapti, the
    concept of the object”.
    [19] In this
    transformation the concept of objects is created. By creating these
    concepts human beings become “susceptible to grasping after the
    object”:[19]

    Vasubandhu is
    critical of the third transformation, not because it relates to the conception
    of an object, but because it generates grasping after a “real object”
    (sad artha), even when it is no more than a conception (vijnapti)
    that combines experinece and reflection.[20]

    A similar perspective is give by Walpola Rahula. According to Walpola Rahula, all the elements of the Yogācāra
    storehouse-consciousness are already found in the Pāli Canon.
    [21] He writes that the
    three layers of the mind (citta, manas, and vijƱana) as
    presented by Asa
    į¹…ga are also mentioned in the Pāli
    Canon:

    Thus we can see
    that ‘VijƱāna’ represents the simple reaction or response of the sense organs
    when they come in contact with external objects. This is the uppermost or superficial
    aspect or layer of the ‘VijƱāna-
    skandha‘. ‘Manas’ represents the aspect of its mental
    functioning, thinking, reasoning, conceiving ideas, etc. ‘Citta’ which is here
    called ‘ĀlayavijƱāna’, represents the deepest, finest and subtlest aspect or
    layer of the Aggregate of consciousness. It contains all the traces or
    impressions of the past actions and all good and bad future possibilities.
    [22]

    Understanding
    in Buddhist Tradition

    China

    Fa Hsiang and Hua Yen

    Although Vasubandhu had postulated
    numerous ālaya-vijƱāna-s, a separate one for each individual person in the
    para-kalpita, this multiplicity was later eliminated in the
    Fa
    Hsiang
    and Hua Yen metaphysics. These
    schools inculcated instead the doctrine of a single universal and eternal
    ālaya-vijƱāna. This exalted enstatement of the ālaya-vijƱāna is described in
    the Fa Hsiang as “primordial unity”
    [23].

    The presentation of the three natures by Vasubandhu is
    consistent with the Neo-platonist views of
    Plotinus and his universal
    ‘One’, ‘Mind’, and ‘Soul’.
    [24]

    ChƔn

    A core teaching of Chan/Zen Buddhism describes the
    transformation of the Eight Consciousnesses into the
    Four Wisdoms.[h] In this teaching,
    Buddhist practice is to turn the light of awareness around, from misconceptions
    regarding the nature of reality as being external, to
    directly see one’s own nature. Thus the Eighth Consciousness is transformed into the Great Perfect
    Mirror Wisdom, the Seventh Consciousness into the Equality (Universal Nature)
    Wisdom, the Sixth Consciousness into the Profound Observing Wisdom, and First
    to Fifth Consciousnesses into the All Performing (Perfection of Action) Wisdom.

    See also

    Notes

    1.    
    ^ This idea may in some
    respects be compared to the usage of the word “citta” in the
    agamas. In the early texts the sankhara-khandha plays some of the roles
    ascribed to the store-house consciousness by later Yogacara thinkers.

    2.    
    ^ Kalupahana: “The above
    explanation of alaya-vijnana makes it very different from that found in
    the Lankavatara. The latter assumes alaya to be the eight
    consciousness, giving the impression that it represents a totally distinct
    category. Vasubandhu does not refer to it as the eight, even though his later
    disciples like Sthiramati and Hsuan Tsang constantly refer to it as such”.
    [9]

    3.    
    ^ Each being has his own one
    and only, formless and no-place-to-abide store-house consciousness. Our
    “being” is created by our own store-consciousness, according to the
    karma seeds stored in it. In “coming and going” we definitely do not
    own the “no-coming and no-going” store-house consciousness, rather we
    are owned by it. Just as a human image shown in a monitor can never be
    described as lasting for any instant, since “he” is just the
    production of electron currents of data stored and flow from the hard disk of
    the computer, so do seed-currents drain from the store-consciousness, never
    last from one moment to the next.

    4.    
    ^ åæƒę‰€ę³•), self-delusion (ꈑē™”), self-view (ęˆ‘č¦‹),
    egotism (
    ęˆ‘ę…¢), and self-love (ꈑꄛ)

    5.    
    ^ By then the polluted mental
    functions of the first six consciousnesses would have been cleansed. The
    seventh or the manas-consciousness determines whether or not the seeds and the
    contentdrain from the alaya-vijnana breaks through, becoming a
    “function” to be perceived by us in the mental or physical world.

    6.    
    ^ In contrast to an Arahat, a
    Buddha is one with all his seeds stored in the eighth Seed consciousness.
    Cleansed and substituted, bad for good, one for one, his
    polluted-seeds-containing eighth consciousness (Alaya Consciousness) becomes an
    all-seeds-purified eighth consciousness (Pure consciousness
    ē„”åž¢č­˜ ), and he becomes a Buddha.

    7.    
    ^ The womb or matrix of the
    Thus-come-one, the Buddha

    8.    
    ^ It is found in Chapter 7 of
    the
    Platform
    Sutra

    of the Sixth Ancestor Zen Master
    Huineng
    and other Zen masters, such as
    Hakuin Ekaku, in his work titled Keiso
    Dokuqui
    [25],
    and
    Xuyun, in his work titled Daily
    Lectures at Two Ch’an Weeks
    , Week 1, Fourth Day.
    [26]

     

    Korea

    The Interpenetration (通達) and Essence-Function
    (
    體ē”Ø)
    of Wonhyo (å…ƒę›‰) is described in the Treatise on Awakening Mahāyāna Faith (AMF):

    The author of the
    AMF was deeply concerned with the question of the respective origins of
    ignorance and enlightenment. If enlightenment is originally existent, how do we
    become submerged in ignorance? If ignorance is originally existent, how is it
    possible to overcome it? And finally, at the most basic level of mind, the alaya
    consciousness (
    藏識), is there originally purity or taint? The AMF
    dealt with these questions in a systematic and thorough fashion, working
    through the Yogacāra concept of the alaya consciousness. The technical
    term used in the AMF which functions as a metaphorical synonym for
    interpenetration is “permeation” or “perfumation (
    č–«),”
    referring to the fact that defilement (
    ē…©ęƒ±)
    “perfumates” suchness (
    ēœžå¦‚), and suchness
    perfumates defilement, depending on the current condition of the mind.
    [27]

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