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243Y. Finance Commission



PART IXA

THE MUNICIPALITIES
243Y. Finance Commission.-

(1) The Finance Commission constituted
under article 243-I shall also review the financial position of the
Municipalities and make recommendations to the Governor as to-



(a) the principles which should govern-



(i) the distribution between the State and the Municipalities of the
net proceeds of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees leviable by the
State, which may be divided between them under this Part and the
allocation between the Municipalities at all levels of their
respective shares of such proceeds;





(ii) the determination of the taxes, duties, tools and fees which may
be assigned to, or appropriated by, the Municipalities;



(iii) the grants-in-aid to the Municipalities from the Consolidated
Fund of the State;



(b) the measures needed to improve the financial position of the
Municipalities;



(c) any other matter referred to the Finance Commission by the
Governor in the interests of sound finance of the Municipalities.





(2) The Governor shall cause every recommendation made by the
Commission under this article together with an explanatory memorandum
as to the action taken theron to be laid before the Legislature of the
State.

243Z. Audit of accounts of Municipalities.

243ZA. Elections to the Municipalities.


PART IXA

THE MUNICIPALITIES
243ZA. Elections to the Municipalities.-


(1) The superintendence,
direction and control of the preparation of electoral rolls for, and
the conduct of, all elections to the Municipalities shall be vested in
the State Election Commission referred to in article 243K.

(2) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislature of
a State may, by law, make provision with respect to all matters
relating to, or in connection with, elections to the Municipalities.

243ZB. Application to Union territories.



PART IXA

THE MUNICIPALITIES

243ZB. Application to Union territories.-

The provisions of this Part
shall apply to the Union territories and shall, in their application
to a Union territory, have effect as if the references to the Governor
of a State were references to the Administrator of the Union territory
appointed under article 239 and references to the Legislature or the
Legislative Assembly of a State were references in relation to a Union
territory having a Legislative Assembly, to that Legislative Assembly:





Provided that the President may, by public notification, direct that
the provisions of this Part shall apply to any Union territory or part
thereof subject to such exceptions and modifications as he may specify
in the notification.

243ZC. Part not to apply to certain areas.



PART IXA

THE MUNICIPALITIES

243ZC. Part not to apply to certain areas.-

(1) Nothing in this Part
shall apply to the Scheduled Areas referred to in clause (1), and the
tribal areas referred to in clause (2), of article 244.



(2) Nothing in this Part shall be construed to affect the functions
and powers of the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council constituted under any
law for the time being in force for the Hill areas of the district of
Darjeeling in the State of West Bengal.





(3) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, Parliament may, by
law, extend the provisions of this Part to the Scheduled Areas and the
tribal areas referred to in clause (1) subject to such exceptions and
modifications as may be specified in such law, and no such law shall
be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of
article 368.

 

243ZD. Committee for district planning.



PART IXA

THE MUNICIPALITIES

243ZD. Committee for district planning.-


(1) There shall be
constituted in every State at the district level a District Planning
Committee to consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats and the
Municipalities in the district and to prepare a draft development plan
for the district as a whole.





(2) The Legislature of a State may, by law, make provision with
respect to-



(a) the composition of the District Planning Committees;



(b) the manner in which the seats in such Committees shall be filled:



Provided that not less than four-fifths of the total number of members
of such Committee shall be elected by, and from amongst, the elected
members of the Panchayat at the district level and of the
Municipalities in the district in proportion to the ratio between the
population of the rural areas and of the urban areas in the district;





(c) the functions relating to district planning which may be assigned
to such Committees;

(d) the manner in which the Chairpersons of such Committees shall be
chosen.



(3) Every District Planning Committee shall, in preparing the draft
development plan,-



(a) have regard to-



(i) matters of common interest between the Panchayats and the
Municipalities including spatial planning, sharing of water and other
physical and natural resources, the integrated development of
infrastructure and environmental conservation;



(ii) the extent and type of available resources whether financial or
otherwise;



(b) consult such institutions and organisations as the Governor
may, by order, specify.



(4) The Chairperson of every District Planning Committee shall forward
the development plan, as recommended by such Committee, to the
Government of the State.

243ZE. Committee for Metropolitan planning.



PART IXA

THE MUNICIPALITIES

243ZE. Committee for Metropolitan planning.-


(1) There shall be
constituted in every Metropolitan area a Metropolitan Planning
Committee to prepare a draft development plan for the Metropolitan
area as a whole.



(2) The Legislature of a State may, by law, make provision with
respect to-



(a) the composition of the Metropolitan Planning Committees;





(b) the manner in which the seats in such Committees shall be filled:

Provided that not less than two-thirds of the members of such
Committee shall be elected by, and from amongst, the elected members
of the Municipalities and Chairpersons of the Panchayats in the
Metropolitan area in proportion to the ratio between the population of
the Municipalities and of the Panchayats in that area;



(c) the representation in such Committees of the Government of India
and the Government of the State and of such organisations and
institutions as may be deemed necessary for carrying out the
functions assigned to such Committees;



(d) the functions relating to planning and coordination for the
Metropolitan area which may be assigned to such Committees;



(e) the manner in which the Chairpersons of such Committees shall be
chosen.





(3) Every Metropolitan Planning Committee shall, in preparing the
draft development plan,-

(a) have regard to-



(i) the plans prepared by the Municipalities and the Panchayats in
the Metropolitan area;



(ii) matters of common interest between the Municipalities and the
Panchayats, including coordinated spatial planning of the area,
sharing of water and other physical and natural resources, the
integrated development of infrastructure and environmental
conservation;



(iii) the overall objectives and priorities set by the Government of
India and the Government of the State;



(iv) the extent and nature of investments likely to be made in the
Metropolitan area by agencies of the Government of India and of the
Government of the State and other available resources whether
financial or otherwise;





(b) consult such institutions and organisations as the Governor may,
by order, specify.

(4) The Chairperson of every Metropolitan Planning Committee shall
forward the development plan, as recommended by such Committee, to the
Government of the State.

243ZF. Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities.


PART IXA

THE MUNICIPALITIES
243ZF. Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities.-


Notwithstanding anything in this Part, any provision of any law
relating to Municipalities in force in a State immediately before the
commencement of the Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992,
which is inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall continue
to be in force until amended or repealed by a competent Legislature or
other competent authority or until the expiration of one year from
such commencement, whichever is earlier:

Provided that all the Municipalities existing immediately before such
commencement shall continue till the expiration of their duration,
unless sooner dissolved by a resolution passed to that effect by the
Legislative Assembly of that State or, in the case of a State having a
Legislative Council, by each House of the Legislature of that State.

243ZG. Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.



Who are the owners of Insight-net ?

All Awakened Ones with Awareness who are loyal and practice it are the owners of Awakened One with Awareness Universe !



For practice visit:



http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org


History of the Future of Insight-net

On

January 08, 2016, the International Network Council INC unanimously passed a resolution defining the

term Insight-net. This definition is developed in consultation with

members of the Insight-net and intellectual property rights communities.

RESOLUTION: The International Networking Council (INC) agrees that

following all languages of the world reflects our definition of the term β€œInsight-net”.

β€œInsight-net” refers to the global information system that β€” (i) is

logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on

the Insight-net Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons;

(ii) is able to support communications using the Transmission Control

Protocol/Insight-net Protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its subsequent

extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible protocols; and (iii)

provides, uses or makes accessible, either publicly or privately, high

level services layered on the communications and related infrastructure

described herein.

The Insight-net will change much in the future since

it has come into existence. It is conceived in the era of time-sharing,

but will survive into the era of personal computers, client-server and

peer-to-peer computing, and the network computer. It is designed while

LANs existed, but will accommodate this new network technology, as well

as the more recent ATM and frame switched services. It is envisioned as

supporting a range of functions from file sharing and remote login to

resource sharing and collaboration, and has spawned electronic mail and

more recently the World Wide Web. But most important, it is started as

the creation of a small band of dedicated Awakened One with Awareness

researchers, and will grow to be a commercial success with lots of money

of annual investment.

One should not conclude that the

Insight-net will now finish changing. The Insight-net, although a network

in name and geography, is a creature of the computer, not the

traditional network of the telephone or television industry. It will,

indeed it must, continue to change and evolve at the speed of the

computer industry if it is to remain relevant. It is now changing to

provide new services such as real time transport, in order to support,

for example, moving images, audio, animations, 360 panorama vision, GIFs

and video streams.

The availability of pervasive networking

(i.e., the Insight-net) along with powerful affordable computing and

communications in portable form (i.e., laptop computers, two-way pagers,

PDAs, cellular phones), is making possible a new paradigm of nomadic

computing and communications. This evolution will bring us new

applications - Insight-net telephone and, slightly further out,

Insight-net television. It is evolving to permit more sophisticated forms

of pricing and cost recovery, a perhaps painful requirement in this

commercial world. It is changing to accommodate yet another generation

of underlying network technologies with different characteristics and

requirements, e.g. broadband residential access and satellites. New

modes of access and new forms of service will spawn new applications,

which in turn will drive further evolution of the net itself.

The

most pressing question for the future of the Insight-net is not how the

technology will change, but how the process of change and evolution

itself will be managed. As this paper describes, the architecture of the

Insight-net has always been driven by a core group of designers, but the

form of that group has changed as the number of interested parties has

grown. With the success of the Insight-net has come a proliferation of

stakeholders - stakeholders now with an economic as well as an

intellectual investment in the network.

We now see, in the

debates over control of the domain name space and the form of the next

generation IP addresses, a struggle to find the next social structure

that will guide the Insight-net in the future. The form of that structure

will be harder to find, given the large number of concerned

stakeholders. At the same time, the industry struggles to find the

economic rationale for the large investment needed for the future

growth, for example to upgrade residential access to a more suitable

technology. If the Insight-net stumbles, it will not be because we lack

for technology, vision, or motivation. It will be because we cannot set a

direction and march collectively into the future.

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