E1. Exposition of Dukkhasacca (Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth))
And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha ariyasacca (Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth))? Jāti(Birth; a birth or existence in the Buddhist sense, re-birth, renewed existence; lineage, family, caste; sort, kind, variety) is dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth), aging is dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth) (sickness is dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth)) maraṇa(Dying, death) is dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth), sorrow, lamentation, dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth), domanassa(Dejection, gloom, melancholy) and distress is dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth), association with what is disliked is dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth), dissociation from what is liked is dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth), not to get what one wants is dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth); in short, the five upādāna·k·khandhas(Firewood, fuel; clinging to existence, attachment) are dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth).
And what, bhikkhus, is jāti(Birth; a birth or existence in the Buddhist sense, re-birth, renewed existence; lineage, family, caste; sort, kind, variety)? For the various beings in the various classes of beings, jāti(Birth; a birth or existence in the Buddhist sense, re-birth, renewed existence; lineage, family, caste; sort, kind, variety), the birth, the descent [into the womb], the arising [in the world], the appearance, the apparition of the khandhas(own), the acquisition of the āyatanas(Place, dwelling-place, abode, home, seat, rendezvous,
haunt, receptacle, mine; altar, shrine; place of origin, source, fount,
cause, origin). This, bhikkhus, is called jāti(Birth; a birth or existence in the Buddhist sense, re-birth, renewed existence; lineage, family, caste; sort, kind, variety).
And what, bhikkhus, is jarā(Old age, decrepitude, decay)? For the various beings in the various classes of beings, jarā(Old age, decrepitude, decay),
the state of being decayed, of having broken [teeth], of having grey
hair, of being wrinkled, the decline of vitality, the decay of the indriyas( Restraint or subjugation of the senses): this, bhikkhus, is called jarā(Old age, decrepitude, decay).
And what, bhikkhus, is maraṇa(Dying, death)?
For the various beings in the various classes of beings, the decease,
the state of shifting [out of existence], the break up, the
disappearance, the death, maraṇa(Dying, death), the passing away, the break up of the khandhas(own), the laying down of the corpse: this, bhikkhus, is called maraṇa(Dying, death).
And what, bhikkhus, is sorrow? In one, bhikkhus, associated with various kinds of misfortune, touched by various kinds of dukkha dhammas(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)(Name of the first book of the Abhidhamma piṭaka and (dhammaṃ)Nature/ condition/ quality/ property/
characteristic; function/ practice/ duty; object/ thing/ idea/
phenomenon; doctrine; law; virtue/ piety; justice; the law or Truth of
the Buddha; the Buddhist scriptures; religion)), the sorrrow, the mourning, the state of grief, the inner sorrow, the inner great sorrow: this, bhikkhus, is called sorrow.
And what, bhikkhus, is lamentation? In one, bhikkhus, associated with various kinds of misfortune, touched by various kinds of dukkha dhammas(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)(Name of the first book of the Abhidhamma piṭaka and (dhammaṃ)Nature/ condition/ quality/ property/
characteristic; function/ practice/ duty; object/ thing/ idea/
phenomenon; doctrine; law; virtue/ piety; justice; the law or Truth of
the Buddha; the Buddhist scriptures; religion)),
the cries, the lamentations, the weeping, the wailing, the state of
crying, the state of lamentating: this, bhikkhus, is called lamentation.
And what, bhikkhus, is dukkhaCessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)? Whatever, bhikkhus, bodily dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss), bodily unpleasantness, dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss) engendered by bodily contact, unpleasant vedayitas(To know, ascertain): this, bhikkhus, is called dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss).
And what, bhikkhus, is domanassa(Dejection, gloom, melancholy)? Whatever, bhikkhus, mental dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss),, mental unpleasantness, dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss), engendered by mental contact, unpleasant vedayitas(To know, ascertain): this, bhikkhus, is called domanassa(Dejection, gloom, melancholy).
And what, bhikkhus, is despair? In one, bhikkhus, associated with various kinds of misfortune, touched by various kinds of dukkha dhammas(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)(Name of the first book of the Abhidhamma piṭaka and (dhammaṃ)Nature/ condition/ quality/ property/
characteristic; function/ practice/ duty; object/ thing/ idea/
phenomenon; doctrine; law; virtue/ piety; justice; the law or Truth of
the Buddha; the Buddhist scriptures; religion)),, the trouble, the despair, the state of being in trouble, the state of being in despair: this, bhikkhus, is called despair.
And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)
of being associated with what is disagreeable? Here, as to the forms,
sounds, tastes, smells, bodily phenomena and mental phenomena there are
which are unpleasing, not enjoyable, unpleasant, or else those who
desire one’s disadvantage, those who desire one’s loss, those who desire
one’s discomfort, those who desire one’s non-liberation from
attachment, meeting, being associated, being together, encountering
them: this, bhikkhus, is called the dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss) of being associated with what is disagreeable.
And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)
of being dissociated from what is agreeable? Here, as to the forms,
sounds, tastes, smells, bodily phenomena and mental phenomena there are
which are pleasing, enjoyable, pleasant, or else those who desire one’s
advantage, those who desire one’s benefit, those who desire one’s
comfort, those who desire one’s liberation from attachment, not meeting,
not being associated, not being together, not encountering them: this,
bhikkhus, is called the dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss) of being dissociated from what is agreeable.
And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)
of not getting what one wants? In beings, bhikkhus, having the
characteristic of being born, such a wish arises: “oh really, may there
not be jāti(Birth; a birth or existence in the Buddhist sense, re-birth, renewed existence; lineage, family, caste; sort, kind, variety) for us, and really, may we not come to jāti(Birth; a birth or existence in the Buddhist sense, re-birth, renewed existence; lineage, family, caste; sort, kind, variety).” But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss) of not getting what one wants.
In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of getting old, such a wish arises: “oh really, may there not be jarā(Old age, decrepitude, decay) for us, and really, may we not come to jarā(Old age, decrepitude, decay).” But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss) of not getting what one wants.
In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of getting sick, such a
wish arises: “oh really, may there not be sickness for us, and really,
may we not come to sickness.” But this is not to be achieved by wishing.
This is the dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss) of not getting what one wants.
In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of getting old, such a wish arises: “oh really, may there not be maraṇa(Dying, death) for us, and really, may we not come to maraṇa(Dying, death).” But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss) of not getting what one wants.
In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of sorrow, lamentation, dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss), domanassa and distress, such a wish arises: “oh really, may there not be sorrow, lamentation, dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss), domanassa(Dejection, gloom, melancholy) and distress for us, and really, may we not come to sorrow, lamentation, dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss), domanassa(Dejection, gloom, melancholy) and distress.” But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha(Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss) of not getting what one wants.
And what, bhikkhus, are in short the five upādānakkhandhas (Firewood, fuel; clinging to existence, attachment)? They are: the rūpa(Form, figure, shape; image, representation; the body; in gram. a verbal or nominal form; beauty; natural state; characteristic) upādānakkhandha (Firewood, fuel; clinging to existence, attachment), the vedanā(Feeling, sensation, perception; pain, suffering) upādānakkhandha(Firewood, fuel; clinging to existence, attachment), the saññā( Sense, consciousness, perception; intellect, thought; sign, gesture; name) upādānakkhandha(Firewood, fuel; clinging to existence, attachment), the saṅkhāra( Constructing, preparing, perfecting, embellishing; aggregation; matter; karma; the skandhas) upādānakkhandha (Firewood, fuel; clinging to existence, attachment), the viññāṇa( Intelligence, knowledge; consciousness; thought, mind) upādānakkhandha (Firewood, fuel; clinging to existence, attachment). These are called in short, bhikkhus, the five upādānakkhandhas (Firewood, fuel; clinging to existence, attachment).
This is called, bhikkhus, the dukkha ariyasacca (Cessation of suffering, nibbāṇa(Ultimate Goal for Eternal Bliss)Sublime truth, Noble truth))
for
RATANA SUTTA (1/4) THE DHARMA LECTURE by Bhikkhu Bodhi -1:09:52
Published on Nov 22, 2012
THE
DHARMA LECTURE, RATANA SUTTA 1 by Bhikkhu Bodhi
Bio: Bhikkhu Bodhi was
born in New York City in 1944. He received a B.A. in philosophy from
Brooklyn College (1966) and a Ph.D. in philosophy from Claremont
Graduate School (1972). In late 1972 he went to Sri Lanka, where he was
ordained as a Buddhist monk under the late Ven. Balangoda Ananda
Maitreya Mahanayaka Thera. Since 1984 he has been editor of the Buddhist
Publication Society in Kandy, and since 1988 its President. He is the
author, translator, and editor of many books on Theravada Buddhism.
http://www.sobhana.net/audio/e
The Sutta
Pali Tipitaka Vinaya Pitaka Sutta Pitaka Abhidhamma Pitaka Buddha Dhamma
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Karma Kamma Ratana Sutta
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RATANA SUTTA (2/4) THE DHARMA LECTURE by Bhikkhu Bodhi - 1:01:27 - part 2/4
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RATANA SUTTA (3/4) THE DHARMA LECTURE by Bhikkhu Bodhi - 1:03:16 part 3/4
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RATANA SUTTA (4/4) THE DHARMA LECTURE by Bhikkhu Bodhi - 1:02:13 part 4/4
புன ச பரங், பிக்காவெ பிக்கு தம்மேஸு தம்மானுபஸ்ஸி விஹாரதி, சதூஸு ஆரிய ஸச்சேஸு. கதங் ச பன
பிக்காவெ பிக்கு தம்மேஸு தம்மானுபஸ்ஸி விஹாரதி, சதூஸு ஆரிய ஸச்சேஸு ?
இத, பிக்காவெ, பிக்கு ‘
இதங் துக்கங்,தி யத.பூதங் பஜானதி, அயங் துக்க-ஸமுதாயொ’தி யத.பூதங்
பஜானதி, அயங் துக்க-நிரோதொ’தி யத.பூதங் பஜானதி, அயங் துக்க-நிரோத.காமினி
பதிபதா’தி யத.பூதங் பஜானதி.
Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave,
dukkhaṃ ariya·saccaṃ? Jāti-pi dukkhā, jarā-pi dukkhā (byādhi-pi dukkho)
maraṇam-pi dukkhaṃ, soka·parideva·dukkha·domanass·
a·p·piyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampicchaṃ na
labhati tam·pi dukkhaṃ; saṅkhittena pañc’upādāna·k·khandhā dukkhā.
கதமங் ச
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi
tamhi satta-nikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti nibbatti abhinibbatti
khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave,
jāti.
Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jarā? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ
tamhi tamhi satta-nikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā
āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko: ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarā. E. Section on the Truths
Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ
tamhi tamhi satta-nikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ
kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo, idaṃ vuccati,
bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ.
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, soko? Yo kho, bhikkhave,
aññatar·aññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññatar·aññatarena
dukkha·dhammena phuṭṭhassa soko socanā socita·ttaṃ anto·soko
anto·parisoko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, soko.
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo? Yo kho, bhikkhave,
aññatar·aññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññatar·aññatarena
dukkha·dhammena phuṭṭhassa ādevo paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ
paridevitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paridevo.
Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave,
kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ kāyikaṃ a·sātaṃ kāya·samphassa·jaṃ dukkhaṃ a·sātaṃ
vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ.
Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ? Yaṃ kho,
bhikkhave, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ a·sātaṃ mano·samphassa·jaṃ
dukkhaṃ a·sātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ.
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso? Yo kho, bhikkhave,
aññatar·aññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññatar·aññatarena
dukkha·dhammena phuṭṭhassa āyāso upāyāso āyāsitattaṃ upāyāsitattaṃ, ayaṃ
vuccati, bhikkhave, upāyāso.
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, a·p·piyehi sampayogo dukkho?
Idha yassa te honti an·iṭṭhā a·kantā a·manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā
phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā pan·assa te honti an·attha·kāmā a·hita·kāmā
a·phāsuka·kāmā a·yoga·k·khema·kāmā, yā tehi saddhiṃ saṅgati samāgamo
samodhānaṃ missībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, a·p·piyehi sampayogo
dukkho.
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho?
Idha yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā
dhammā, ye vā pan·assa te honti attha·kāmā hita·kāmā phāsuka·kāmā
yoga·k·khema·kāmā mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā mittā vā amaccā vā
ñāti·sālohitā vā, yā tehi saddhiṃ a·saṅgati a·samāgamo a·samodhānaṃ
a·missībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho.
Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, yampicchaṃ na labhati tam·pi
dukkhaṃ? Jāti·dhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: ‘aho
vata mayaṃ na jāti·dhammā assāma na ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyā’ ti. Na
kho pan·etaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati tam·pi
dukkhaṃ.
Jarā·dhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā
uppajjati: ‘aho vata mayaṃ na jarā·dhammā assāma na ca vata no jarā
āgaccheyyā’ ti. Na kho pan·etaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na
labhati tam·pi dukkhaṃ.
Byādhi·dhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā
uppajjati: ‘aho vata mayaṃ na byādhi·dhammā assāma na ca vata no byādhi
āgaccheyyā’ ti. Na kho pan·etaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na
labhati tam·pi dukkhaṃ.
Maraṇa·dhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā
uppajjati: ‘aho vata mayaṃ na maraṇa·dhammā assāma na ca vata no maraṇa
āgaccheyyā’ ti. Na kho pan·etaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na
labhati tam·pi dukkhaṃ.
Soka·parideva·dukkha·domanass·
bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: ‘aho vata mayaṃ na
soka·parideva·dukkha·domanass·
soka·parideva·dukkha·domanass·
pan·etaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati tam·pi
dukkhaṃ.
Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañc’upādāna·k·khandhā
dukkhā? Seyyathidaṃ: rūp·upādānakkhandho vedan·upādānakkhandho
saññ·upādānakkhandho saṅkhār·upādānakkhandho viññāṇ·upādānakkhandho. Ime
vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañc’upādāna·k·khandhā dukkhā.