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in 01) Classical Magahi Magadhi,
02) Classical Chandaso language,
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Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 1:38 am
Dear All,
In Vinaya Pitaka>Cula Vagga>Khuddaka Vatthu Khandaka>285(CSCD)
There were two Bhikkhus complained to the Buddha, that some of the
Bhikkhus were reciting the Buddha’s word by not using the Chandaso
language but their own dialects , thus they requested Buddha to unify
the recitation of Buddha’s word by using Chandaso language but refused
by the Buddha, then Buddha has spoke this:
Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sakāya niruttiyā buddhavacanaṃ pariyāpuṇitu’’nti.
Translated by Prof.Rhys Davids & Oldenberg:
“I allow you, oh Bhikkhus, to learn the words of the Buddha, each in his own dialect”
But in the other hand, the Pali Tipitaka commentator, Ven. Bhadanta Achariya Buddhagosha in his commentary:
Sakāya niruttiyāti ettha sakā nirutti nāma sammāsambuddhena vuttappakāro māgadhiko vohāro.
“I ordain the words of the Buddha to be learnt in his own language (in Māgadhī, the language used by the Buddha himself)”.
So, which context is correct?
Last edited by yamaka on Fri Dec 02, 2011 7:49 am, edited 1 time in total.
Top
DNS
Site Admin
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 4:06 am
I have not seen that commentary, nor do I have a copy of it. But
assuming it is correct and there is a conflict between the Buddha’s
words and Buddhaghosa’s words, I’d go with the Buddha.
TheDhamma.com
Dhamma Wiki
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Dharma Wheel Engaged forum
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retrofuturist
Site Admin
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 4:20 am
Greetings,
I don’t think it’s a case of Buddhavacana vs Buddhaghosa, but
whether Buddhaghosa or Prof.Rhys Davids & Oldenberg made the
appropriate translation of the the Buddha’s recorded words.
I recall reading recently someone making an argument in favour of
Buddhaghosa’s rendering but I can’t quite remember where I read that. If
I work it out, I’ll bring it here.
Wasn’t the context behind this quote in relation to avoiding
exclusivity in the Dhamma through transmission in language/texts/scripts
known and used only by certain classes? Sorry if that’s a bit hazy - my
brain has shut up shop for the day.
Metta,
Retro.
“Do not force others, including children, by any means whatsoever, to
adopt your views, whether by authority, threat, money, propaganda, or
even education.” - Ven. Thich Nhat Hanh
“The uprooting of identity is seen by the noble ones as pleasurable; but this contradicts what the whole world sees.” (Snp 3.12)
“One discerns wrong view as wrong view, and right view as right view. This is one’s right view.” (MN 117)
Top
Gena1480
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 4:37 am
my mistake
both are speaking of samething
Top
yamaka
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 6:12 am
David N. Snyder wrote:
I have not seen that commentary, nor do I have a copy of it. But
assuming it is correct and there is a conflict between the Buddha’s
words and Buddhaghosa’s words, I’d go with the Buddha.
David,
The topic is about rendering of Ven.Buddhagosha’s vs prof. Rhys Davids & Oldenberg regarded to the said Vinaya texts.
Last edited by yamaka on Fri Dec 02, 2011 6:15 am, edited 1 time in total.
Top
yamaka
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 6:14 am
Gena1480 wrote:
my mistake
both are speaking of samething
Gena,
What did you mean by same thing? Own dialects=Magadhi(The Asoka’s official Language?)
Top
Bhikkhu Pesala
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 7:55 am
Nirutti in the PTS also means pronunciation. If that is what it means here it makes sense in both contexts.
The discourses need to be learnt in Pali (Magadhi), not English,
Thai, Sinhala, or Burmese. The pronunciation is sure to vary between
those with different mother tongues. Unless the pronunciation is
completely wrong, there won’t be any confusion about the meaning.
However, if we were to learn the teachings in English (for example),
which translation would we use?
Blog • Pāli Fonts • In This Very Life • Buddhist Chronicles • Software (Upasampadā: 24th June, 1979)
Top
yamaka
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 8:07 am
Another instances from the Vinaya commentary:(Samantapadasika- Vinaya Atthakatha)
“…Dhammoti Pāḷi…”
“… Pāḷi is, therefore, the Dhamma Language of the Buddha…”
Top
gavesako
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 12:10 pm
You can read more about this in this article which explains the underlying idea behind the World Tipitaka project:
http://society.worldtipitaka.org/mds/co … ew/226/49/” onclick=”window.open(this.href);return false;
The Unique Characteristics of Pāḷi
See in particular their take on “sakaya niruttiya…” (a kind of
“linguistic elitism”) which is in marked contrast to the modern
scholarly view.
Bhikkhu Gavesako
Kiṃkusalagavesī anuttaraṃ santivarapadaṃ pariyesamāno… (MN 26)
Access to Insight - Theravada texts
Ancient Buddhist Texts - Translations and history of Pali texts
Dhammatalks.org - Sutta translations
Top
daverupa
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 12:36 pm
retrofuturist wrote:
Wasn’t the context behind this quote in relation to avoiding exclusivity
in the Dhamma through transmission in language/texts/scripts known and
used only by certain classes?
Basically, the Buddha wasn’t dealing with different languages, only
dialects. Therefore the statement has to be drawn out to apply to a
scenario with different languages; this perspective is reported by
Gombrich in What the Buddha Thought. He believes, as do I (and as did
Walpola Rahula) that the Dhamma can be taught without a single foreign
word, yet I think this is best done by extrapolating from the Pali
afresh, rather than sticking with one translation from the Pali and
plowing ahead.
“And how is it, bhikkhus, that by protecting oneself one protects
others? By the pursuit, development, and cultivation of the four
establishments of mindfulness. It is in such a way that by protecting
oneself one protects others.
“And how is it, bhikkhus, that by protecting others one protects
oneself? By patience, harmlessness, goodwill, and sympathy. It is in
such a way that by protecting others one protects oneself.
- Sedaka Sutta [SN 47.19]
Top
Alex123
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 4:42 pm
yamaka wrote:
Translated by Prof.Rhys Davids & Oldenberg:
“I allow you, oh Bhikkhus, to learn the words of the Buddha, each in his own dialect”
I wonder about the exact translation and meaning of “his own”. his own = ours, or the Buddha’s?
“Life is a struggle. Life will throw curveballs at you, it will humble
you, it will attempt to break you down. And just when you think things
are starting to look up, life will smack you back down with ruthless
indifference…”
Top
Kare
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 5:31 pm
Alex123 wrote:
yamaka wrote:
Translated by Prof.Rhys Davids & Oldenberg:
“I allow you, oh Bhikkhus, to learn the words of the Buddha, each in his own dialect”
I wonder about the exact translation and meaning of “his own”. his own = ours, or the Buddha’s?
The wording in Pali is ambiguous. That is, as long as we focus narrowly
on “sakāya niruttiyā” - “in own dialect/speech” - it can be interpreted
in two different ways. But once we look at the context, once we look at
the whole story where this saying occurs, the meaning is clear. The
Buddha was asked about the different dialects of monks from different
clans, families, etc., so naturally his answer also must point to those
different dialects that he was asked about. The context gives no room
for doubt here, so the Commentary is mistaken on this point.
On the other hand, if that misunderstanding helped contribute to
preserving the texts in Pali, I, for one, am very happy for that
misunderstanding!
Mettāya,
Kåre
Top
Gena1480
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 10:53 pm
Do you mean MaggaPali?
Top
Post Reply
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In future time, there will be bhikkhus who will not listen to the
utterance of such discourses which are words of the Tathāgata, profound,
profound in meaning, leading beyond the world, (consistently) connected
with emptiness, they will not lend ear, they will not apply their mind
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https://dhammawheel.com/viewtopic.php?t=10635
Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 1:38 am
Dear All,
In Vinaya Pitaka>Cula Vagga>Khuddaka Vatthu Khandaka>285(CSCD)
There were two Bhikkhus complained to the Buddha, that some of the
Bhikkhus were reciting the Buddha’s word by not using the Chandaso
language but their own dialects , thus they requested Buddha to unify
the recitation of Buddha’s word by using Chandaso language but refused
by the Buddha, then Buddha has spoke this:
Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sakāya niruttiyā buddhavacanaṃ pariyāpuṇitu’’nti.
Translated by Prof.Rhys Davids & Oldenberg:
“I allow you, oh Bhikkhus, to learn the words of the Buddha, each in his own dialect”
But in the other hand, the Pali Tipitaka commentator, Ven. Bhadanta Achariya Buddhagosha in his commentary:
Sakāya niruttiyāti ettha sakā nirutti nāma sammāsambuddhena vuttappakāro māgadhiko vohāro.
“I ordain the words of the Buddha to be learnt in his own language (in Māgadhī, the language used by the Buddha himself)”.
So, which context is correct?
Last edited by yamaka on Fri Dec 02, 2011 7:49 am, edited 1 time in total.
Top
DNS
Site Admin
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 4:06 am
I have not seen that commentary, nor do I have a copy of it. But
assuming it is correct and there is a conflict between the Buddha’s
words and Buddhaghosa’s words, I’d go with the Buddha.
TheDhamma.com
Dhamma Wiki
Dharma Wheel forum
Dharma Paths forum
Dharma Wheel Engaged forum
Top
retrofuturist
Site Admin
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 4:20 am
Greetings,
I don’t think it’s a case of Buddhavacana vs Buddhaghosa, but
whether Buddhaghosa or Prof.Rhys Davids & Oldenberg made the
appropriate translation of the the Buddha’s recorded words.
I recall reading recently someone making an argument in favour of
Buddhaghosa’s rendering but I can’t quite remember where I read that. If
I work it out, I’ll bring it here.
Wasn’t the context behind this quote in relation to avoiding
exclusivity in the Dhamma through transmission in language/texts/scripts
known and used only by certain classes? Sorry if that’s a bit hazy - my
brain has shut up shop for the day.
Metta,
Retro.
“Do not force others, including children, by any means whatsoever, to
adopt your views, whether by authority, threat, money, propaganda, or
even education.” - Ven. Thich Nhat Hanh
“The uprooting of identity is seen by the noble ones as pleasurable; but this contradicts what the whole world sees.” (Snp 3.12)
“One discerns wrong view as wrong view, and right view as right view. This is one’s right view.” (MN 117)
Top
Gena1480
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 4:37 am
my mistake
both are speaking of samething
Top
yamaka
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 6:12 am
David N. Snyder wrote:
I have not seen that commentary, nor do I have a copy of it. But
assuming it is correct and there is a conflict between the Buddha’s
words and Buddhaghosa’s words, I’d go with the Buddha.
David,
The topic is about rendering of Ven.Buddhagosha’s vs prof. Rhys Davids & Oldenberg regarded to the said Vinaya texts.
Last edited by yamaka on Fri Dec 02, 2011 6:15 am, edited 1 time in total.
Top
yamaka
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 6:14 am
Gena1480 wrote:
my mistake
both are speaking of samething
Gena,
What did you mean by same thing? Own dialects=Magadhi(The Asoka’s official Language?)
Top
Bhikkhu Pesala
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 7:55 am
Nirutti in the PTS also means pronunciation. If that is what it means here it makes sense in both contexts.
The discourses need to be learnt in Pali (Magadhi), not English,
Thai, Sinhala, or Burmese. The pronunciation is sure to vary between
those with different mother tongues. Unless the pronunciation is
completely wrong, there won’t be any confusion about the meaning.
However, if we were to learn the teachings in English (for example),
which translation would we use?
Blog • Pāli Fonts • In This Very Life • Buddhist Chronicles • Software (Upasampadā: 24th June, 1979)
Top
yamaka
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 8:07 am
Another instances from the Vinaya commentary:(Samantapadasika- Vinaya Atthakatha)
“…Dhammoti Pāḷi…”
“… Pāḷi is, therefore, the Dhamma Language of the Buddha…”
Top
gavesako
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 12:10 pm
You can read more about this in this article which explains the underlying idea behind the World Tipitaka project:
http://society.worldtipitaka.org/mds/co … ew/226/49/” onclick=”window.open(this.href);return false;
The Unique Characteristics of Pāḷi
See in particular their take on “sakaya niruttiya…” (a kind of
“linguistic elitism”) which is in marked contrast to the modern
scholarly view.
Bhikkhu Gavesako
Kiṃkusalagavesī anuttaraṃ santivarapadaṃ pariyesamāno… (MN 26)
Access to Insight - Theravada texts
Ancient Buddhist Texts - Translations and history of Pali texts
Dhammatalks.org - Sutta translations
Top
daverupa
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Buddha’s Language?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 12:36 pm
retrofuturist wrote:
Wasn’t the context behind this quote in relation to avoiding exclusivity
in the Dhamma through transmission in language/texts/scripts known and
used only by certain classes?
Basically, the Buddha wasn’t dealing with different languages, only
dialects. Therefore the statement has to be drawn out to apply to a
scenario with different languages; this perspective is reported by
Gombrich in What the Buddha Thought. He believes, as do I (and as did
Walpola Rahula) that the Dhamma can be taught without a single foreign
word, yet I think this is best done by extrapolating from the Pali
afresh, rather than sticking with one translation from the Pali and
plowing ahead.
“And how is it, bhikkhus, that by protecting oneself one protects
others? By the pursuit, development, and cultivation of the four
establishments of mindfulness. It is in such a way that by protecting
oneself one protects others.
“And how is it, bhikkhus, that by protecting others one protects
oneself? By patience, harmlessness, goodwill, and sympathy. It is in
such a way that by protecting others one protects oneself.
- Sedaka Sutta [SN 47.19]
Top
Alex123
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 4:42 pm
yamaka wrote:
Translated by Prof.Rhys Davids & Oldenberg:
“I allow you, oh Bhikkhus, to learn the words of the Buddha, each in his own dialect”
I wonder about the exact translation and meaning of “his own”. his own = ours, or the Buddha’s?
“Life is a struggle. Life will throw curveballs at you, it will humble
you, it will attempt to break you down. And just when you think things
are starting to look up, life will smack you back down with ruthless
indifference…”
Top
Kare
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 5:31 pm
Alex123 wrote:
yamaka wrote:
Translated by Prof.Rhys Davids & Oldenberg:
“I allow you, oh Bhikkhus, to learn the words of the Buddha, each in his own dialect”
I wonder about the exact translation and meaning of “his own”. his own = ours, or the Buddha’s?
The wording in Pali is ambiguous. That is, as long as we focus narrowly
on “sakāya niruttiyā” - “in own dialect/speech” - it can be interpreted
in two different ways. But once we look at the context, once we look at
the whole story where this saying occurs, the meaning is clear. The
Buddha was asked about the different dialects of monks from different
clans, families, etc., so naturally his answer also must point to those
different dialects that he was asked about. The context gives no room
for doubt here, so the Commentary is mistaken on this point.
On the other hand, if that misunderstanding helped contribute to
preserving the texts in Pali, I, for one, am very happy for that
misunderstanding!
Mettāya,
Kåre
Top
Gena1480
Re: Learning Buddha’s Word By Own Dialects Or Magadhi?
Quote
Post Fri Dec 02, 2011 10:53 pm
Do you mean MaggaPali?
Top
Post Reply
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முடியும். அதற்காக எமது இணையத்தளத்தினூடாக வெளியிடப்படும் தர்ம காணொளிகளை
நீங்கள் இங்கே பார்க்க முடியும்.
from
Analytic Insight Net -
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Online Tipiṭaka Research and Practice
University and related NEWS through
http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
in
112 CLASSICAL LANGUAGES
Paṭisambhidā Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca Paricaya
Nikhilavijjālaya ca ñātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya
http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 112 Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsā
is
an Online GOOD NEWS CHANNEL FOR WELFARE, HAPPINESS AND PEACE FOR ALL
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is the most Positive Energy of informative and research oriented site
propagating the teachings of the Awakened One with Awareness the Buddha
and on Techno-Politico-Socio Transformation and Economic Emancipation
Movement followed by millions of people all over the world.
Rendering exact translation as a lesson of this University in one’s
mother tongue to this Google Translation using
https://translate.google.com/#en/bn/ and propagation entitles to become a
Stream Enterer (Sottapanna) and to attain Eternal Bliss as a Final
Goal.
THIS IS AN EXERCISE FOR ALL THE ONLINE VISITING STUDENTS FOR THEIR PRACTICE
MAY ALL SENTIENT AND NON-SENTIENT BEINGS BE EVER HAPPY, WELL AND SECURE !
MAY ALL HAVE CALM, QUIET, ALERT, ATTENTIVE AND EQUANIMITY MIND
WITH A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING THAT EVERYTHING IS CHANGING !
ALWAYS DO GOOD AND BE MINDFUL BY PURIFICATION OF THE MIND !
BUDDHA MEANS AWAKENED ONE (A1)WITH AWARENESS !
WE WERE BUDDHISTS, WE ARE BUDDHISTS AND WE CONTINUE TO BE BUDDHISTS
DHAMMO RAKKAHATHI RAKKHITHA ! DHAMMA PROTECTS ONE WHO PROTECTS DHAMMA !
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of your family and friends Donate Breakfast/Meals to all the Monks of
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Buddhist Websites
தர்ம போதனைகள் (காணொளிகள்)
புத்த
பகவான் தன் திருவாய் மலர்ந்து போதித்தருளிய உன்னத தர்மத்தினை எமது தாய்
மொழியிலேயே விபரமாகவும் விரிவாகவும் கற்றுக்கொள்வதற்கு உங்களாலும்
முடியும். அதற்காக எமது இணையத்தளத்தினூடாக வெளியிடப்படும் தர்ம காணொளிகளை
நீங்கள் இங்கே பார்க்க முடியும்.
m
04) Classical Hela Basa (Hela Language),
05) Classical Pali,
06) Classical https://youtu.be/2UfCGrvfmOY
buddhavacana - the words of the buddha in classical Classical Classical Deva Nagari,
07) Classical Cyrillic
08) Classical Afrikaans– Klassieke Afrikaans
09) Classical Albanian-Shqiptare klasike,
10) Classical Amharic-አንጋፋዊ አማርኛ,
https://youtu.be/XgwDtSPgtVs
buddhavacana - the words of the buddha in 11) Classical Arabic-اللغة العربية الفصحى
12) Classical Armenian-դասական հայերեն,
13) Classical Azerbaijani- Klassik Azərbaycan,
14) Classical Basque- Euskal klasikoa,
15) Classical Belarusian-Класічная беларуская,
16) Classical Bengali-ক্লাসিক্যাল বাংলা,
17) Classical Bosnian-Klasični bosanski,
18) Classical Bulgaria- Класически българск,
19) Classical Catalan-Català clàssic
20) Classical Cebuano-Klase sa Sugbo,
21) Classical Chichewa-Chikale cha Chichewa,
22) Classical Chinese (Simplified)-古典中文（简体）,
23) Classical Chinese (Traditional)-古典中文（繁體）,
24) Classical Corsican-Corsa Corsicana,
25) Classical Croatian-Klasična hrvatska,
26) Classical Czech-Klasická čeština,
27) Classical Danish-Klassisk dansk,Klassisk dansk,
28) Classical Dutch- Klassiek Nederlands,
29) Classical English,
30) Classical Esperanto-Klasika Esperanto,
31) Classical Estonian- klassikaline eesti keel,
32) Classical Filipino,
33) Classical Finnish- Klassinen suomalainen,
34) Classical French- Français classique,
35) Classical Frisian- Klassike Frysk,
36) Classical Galician-Clásico galego,
37) Classical Georgian-კლასიკური ქართული,
38) Classical German- Klassisches Deutsch,
39) Classical Greek-Κλασσικά Ελληνικά,
40) Classical Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી,
41) Classical Haitian Creole-Klasik kreyòl,
42) Classical Hausa-Hausa Hausa,
43) Classical Hawaiian-Hawaiian Hawaiian,
44) Classical Hebrew- עברית קלאסית
45) Classical Hindi-45) शास्त्रीय हिंदी,
46) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
47) Classical Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,
48) Classical Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
49) Classical Igbo,
50) Classical Indonesian-Bahasa Indonesia Klasik,
51) Classical Irish-Indinéisis Clasaiceach,
52) Classical Italian-Italiano classico,
53) Classical Japanese-古典的なイタリア語,
54) Classical Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
55) Classical Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
56) Classical Kazakh-Классикалық қазақ,
57) Classical Khmer- ខ្មែរបុរាណ,
58) Classical Korean-고전 한국어,
59) Classical Kurdish (Kurmanji)-Kurdî (Kurmancî),
60) Classical Kyrgyz-Классикалык Кыргыз,
61) Classical Lao-ຄລາສສິກລາວ,
62) Classical Latin-LXII) Classical Latin,
63) Classical Latvian-Klasiskā latviešu valoda,
64) Classical Lithuanian-Klasikinė lietuvių kalba,
65) Classical Luxembourgish-Klassesch Lëtzebuergesch,
66) Classical Macedonian-Класичен македонски,
67) Classical Malagasy,
68) Classical Malay-Melayu Klasik,
69) Classical Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
70) Classical Maltese-Klassiku Malti,
71) Classical Maori-Maori Maori,
72) Classical Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
73) Classical Mongolian-Сонгодог Монгол,
74) Classical Myanmar (Burmese)-Classical မြန်မာ (ဗမာ),
75) Classical Nepali-शास्त्रीय म्यांमार (बर्मा),
76) Classical Norwegian-Klassisk norsk,
77) Classical Pashto- ټولګی پښتو
78) Classical Persian-کلاسیک فارسی
79) Classical Polish-Język klasyczny polski,
80) Classical Portuguese-Português Clássico,
81) Classical Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
82) Classical Romanian-Clasic românesc,
83) Classical Russian-Классический русский,
84) Classical Samoan-Samoan Samoa,
85) Classical Scots Gaelic-Gàidhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,
86) Classical Serbian-Класични српски,
87) Classical Sesotho-Seserbia ea boholo-holo,
88) Classical Shona-Shona Shona,
89) Classical Sindhi,
90) Classical Sinhala-සම්භාව්ය සිංහල,
91) Classical Slovak-Klasický slovenský,
92) Classical Slovenian-Klasična slovenska,
93) Classical Somali-Soomaali qowmiyadeed,
94) Classical Spanish-Español clásico,
95) Classical Sundanese-Sunda Klasik,
96) Classical Swahili,
97) Classical Swedish-Klassisk svensk,
98) Classical Tajik-тоҷикӣ классикӣ,
99) Classical Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ் செம்மொழி,
100) Classical Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
101) Classical Thai-ภาษาไทยคลาสสิก,
102) Classical Turkish-Klasik Türk,
103) Classical Ukrainian-Класичний український,
104) Classical Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
105) Classical Uzbek-Klassik o’zbek,
106) Classical Vietnamese-Tiếng Việt cổ điển,
107) Classical Welsh-Cymraeg Clasurol,
108) Classical Xhosa-IsiXhosa zesiXhosa,
109) Classical Yiddish- קלאסישע ייִדיש
110) Classical Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,
111) Classical Zulu-I-Classical Zulu
Shqiptare klasike,
10) Classical Amharic-አንጋፋዊ አማርኛ,
11) Classical Arabic-اللغة العربية الفصحى
12) Classical Armenian-դասական հայերեն,
13) Classical Azerbaijani- Klassik Azərbaycan,
14) Classical Basque- Euskal klasikoa,
15) Classical Belarusian-Класічная беларуская,
16) Classical Bengali-ক্লাসিক্যাল বাংলা,
17) Classical Bosnian-Klasični bosanski,
18) Classical Bulgaria- Класически българск,
19) Classical Catalan-Català clàssic
20) Classical Cebuano-Klase sa Sugbo,
21) Classical Chichewa-Chikale cha Chichewa,
22) Classical Chinese (Simplified)-古典中文（简体）,
23) Classical Chinese (Traditional)-古典中文（繁體）,
24) Classical Corsican-Corsa Corsicana,
25) Classical Croatian-Klasična hrvatska,
26) Classical Czech-Klasická čeština,
27) Classical Danish-Klassisk dansk,Klassisk dansk,
28) Classical Dutch- Klassiek Nederlands,
29) Classical English,
30) Classical Esperanto-Klasika Esperanto,
31) Classical Estonian- klassikaline eesti keel,
32) Classical Filipino,
33) Classical Finnish- Klassinen suomalainen,
34) Classical French- Français classique,
35) Classical Frisian- Klassike Frysk,
36) Classical Galician-Clásico galego,
37) Classical Georgian-კლასიკური ქართული,
38) Classical German- Klassisches Deutsch,
39) Classical Greek-Κλασσικά Ελληνικά,
40) Classical Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી,
41) Classical Haitian Creole-Klasik kreyòl,
42) Classical Hausa-Hausa Hausa,
43) Classical Hawaiian-Hawaiian Hawaiian,
44) Classical Hebrew- עברית קלאסית
45) Classical Hindi-45) शास्त्रीय हिंदी,
46) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
47) Classical Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,
48) Classical Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
49) Classical Igbo,
50) Classical Indonesian-Bahasa Indonesia Klasik,
51) Classical Irish-Indinéisis Clasaiceach,
52) Classical Italian-Italiano classico,
53) Classical Japanese-古典的なイタリア語,
54) Classical Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
55) Classical Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
56) Classical Kazakh-Классикалық қазақ,
57) Classical Khmer- ខ្មែរបុរាណ,
58) Classical Korean-고전 한국어,
59) Classical Kurdish (Kurmanji)-Kurdî (Kurmancî),
60) Classical Kyrgyz-Классикалык Кыргыз,
61) Classical Lao-ຄລາສສິກລາວ,
62) Classical Latin-LXII) Classical Latin,
63) Classical Latvian-Klasiskā latviešu valoda,
64) Classical Lithuanian-Klasikinė lietuvių kalba,
65) Classical Luxembourgish-Klassesch Lëtzebuergesch,
66) Classical Macedonian-Класичен македонски,
67) Classical Malagasy,
68) Classical Malay-Melayu Klasik,
69) Classical Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
70) Classical Maltese-Klassiku Malti,
71) Classical Maori-Maori Maori,
72) Classical Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
73) Classical Mongolian-Сонгодог Монгол,
74) Classical Myanmar (Burmese)-Classical မြန်မာ (ဗမာ),
75) Classical Nepali-शास्त्रीय म्यांमार (बर्मा),
76) Classical Norwegian-Klassisk norsk,
77) Classical Pashto- ټولګی پښتو
78) Classical Persian-کلاسیک فارسی
79) Classical Polish-Język klasyczny polski,
80) Classical Portuguese-Português Clássico,
81) Classical Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
82) Classical Romanian-Clasic românesc,
83) Classical Russian-Классический русский,
84) Classical Samoan-Samoan Samoa,
85) Classical Scots Gaelic-Gàidhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,
86) Classical Serbian-Класични српски,
87) Classical Sesotho-Seserbia ea boholo-holo,
88) Classical Shona-Shona Shona,
89) Classical Sindhi,
90) Classical Sinhala-සම්භාව්ය සිංහල,
91) Classical Slovak-Klasický slovenský,
92) Classical Slovenian-Klasična slovenska,
93) Classical Somali-Soomaali qowmiyadeed,
94) Classical Spanish-Español clásico,
95) Classical Sundanese-Sunda Klasik,
96) Classical Swahili,
97) Classical Swedish-Klassisk svensk,
98) Classical Tajik-тоҷикӣ классикӣ,
99) Classical Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ் செம்மொழி,
100) Classical Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
101) Classical Thai-ภาษาไทยคลาสสิก,
102) Classical Turkish-Klasik Türk,
103) Classical Ukrainian-Класичний український,
104) Classical Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
105) Classical Uzbek-Klassik o’zbek,
106) Classical Vietnamese-Tiếng Việt cổ điển,
107) Classical Welsh-Cymraeg Clasurol,
108) Classical Xhosa-IsiXhosa zesiXhosa,
109) Classical Yiddish- קלאסישע ייִדיש
110) Classical Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,
111) Classical Zulu-I-Classical Zulu
Doctrine-True Practice of The Path Shown by The Blessed,Noble,Awakened One-The Tathagata
Hence we understand that the Buddha’s Teaching is to know suffering and to know what causes it to arise. And further, we should know freedom from suffering and the way of practice which leads to freedom. He taught us to know just these four things. When we understand these four things we’ll be able to recognize suffering when it arises and will know that it has a cause. We’ll know that it didn’t just drift in! When we wish to be free from this suffering, we’ll be able to eliminate its cause.
Why do we have this feeling of suffering, this feeling of unsatisfactoriness? We’ll see that it’s because we are clinging to our various likes and dislikes. We come to know that we are suffering because of our own actions. We suffer because we ascribe value to things. So we say, know suffering, know the cause of suffering, know freedom from suffering and know the Way to this freedom. When we know about suffering we keep untangling the knot. But we must be sure to untangle it by pulling in the right direction. That is to say, we must know that this is how things are. Attachment will be torn out. This is the practice which puts an end to our suffering.
Know suffering, know the cause of suffering, know freedom from suffering and know the Path which leads out of suffering. This is Magga (Path). It goes like this: Right View, Right Thought, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration. When we have the right understanding regarding these things, then we have the Path. These things can put an end to suffering. They lead us to morality, concentration and wisdom (Sila, Samadhi, Pañña).
We must clearly understand these four things. We must want to understand. We must want to see these things in terms of reality. When we see these four things we call this Sacca Dhamma. Whether we look inside or in front or to the right or left, all we see is Sacca Dhamma. We simply see that everything is the way it is. For someone who has arrived at Dhamma, someone who really understands Dhamma, wherever he goes, everything will be Dhamma.