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2092 Thu 29 Dec 2016

LESSONS

from

Rector
JC

an expert who identifies experts influenced by Expert and Infulencer Sashikanth Chandrasekharan
of

Free Online

Buddhism - World

Religions for Kidshttps://drambedkarbooks.com/2015/03/14/the-chamcha-age-by-saheb-kanshi-ram/#more-1506Awaken One With Awareness Mind
(A1wAM)+ ioT (insight-net of Things)  - the art of Giving, taking and Living   to attain Eternal Bliss
as Final Goal through Electronic Visual Communication Course on
Political Science -Techno-Politico-Socio Transformation and Economic
Emancipation Movement (TPSTEEM).

Struggle hard to see that all fraud EVMs are replaced by paper ballots by

Start
using Internet of things by creating Websites, blogs. Make the best use
of facebook, twitter etc., to propagate TPSTEEM thru FOA1TRPUVF.

Practice
Insight Meditation in all postures of the body - Sitting, standing,
lying, walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, martial arts etc., for
health mind in a healthy body.


 from

INSIGHT-NET- Online A1 (Awakened One) Tipiṭaka Research & Practice University
in Visual Format (FOA1TRPUVF)

https://archive.org/stream/DhammapadaIllustrated/dhammapada_illustrated#page/n1/mode/2up

through http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org



https://awakenmediaprabandhak. wordpress.com/















modinotourpm@gmail.com
jchandra1942@icloud.com
sarvajanow@yahoo.co.in



is the most Positive Energy of informative and research oriented site propagating the teachings of the Awakened One with Awareness the Buddha and on Techno-Politico-Socio Transformation and Economic Emancipation Movement followed by millions of people all over the world in 105 Classical languages.


Rendering exact translation as a lesson of this
University in one’s mother tongue to this Google Translation and
propagation entitles to become a Stream Enterer (Sottapanna) and
to attain Eternal Bliss as a Final Goal

BSP
is the Number One Largest Party in the Country with all societies
(sarvajan Samaj ) supporting it for Sarvajan Hitay sarvajan Sukhay.

http://www.ambedkar.org/gifimages/voteforBSP.gif

UP Assembly election: Advantage BSP, while uncle Shivpal has the last laugh over nephew Akhilesh

The BSP will turn out to be the biggest beneficiary in this tug of war within the Yadav family.
The CEC had announced that the entire EVMs would be replaced only in 2019. Till such time paper ballots must be used.

Magadhi [Pali] Prakrit of the Thervadin Buddhists

Of all the Buddhists Traditions, Theravada was the only sect to
preserve the usage of Magadhi Prakrit in its literature. [The term
“Pali” was traditionally used for denoting the Texts in the language,
the language is itself referred to as Magadhi in Theravadin literature].

Please visit http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org for animated yoga postures
http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org/?m=201206

http://yoga.org.nz/postures.htm

Main Page

Welcome to our yoga postures section. Here you will find
yoga moves that are broken down to the bare basics with colour photos
to match. We also have state of the art flash yoga animation
technology that you can use to view these moves in full screen size,
full colour and with full instruction.

Yogic exercises cater to the needs of each individual
according to his or her specific needs and physical condition. They
involve vertical, horizontal, and cyclical movements, which provide
energy to the system by directing the blood supply to the areas of the
body which need it most.

In yoga, each cell is observed, attended to, and
provided with a fresh supply of blood, allowing it to function smoothly.
The mind is naturally active and dynamic, while the innerself is
luminous. In this section we will give you plenty of yoga images and
instruction.

Breathing Pose

Arm Stretch

Kneeing Twist

Breathing Pose

The simple act of learning to control the breath
has a number of beneficial effects on your wellbeing, ranging from
increasing your energy, to improved relaxation into sleep. It purifies
the body by flushing away the gaseous by products of metabolism and will
also help you to remain calm in the face of the challenges that we
encounter in our everyday lives.

Control of the breath is an essential element in
the art of yoga. When bringing the air in to the abdomen, do not to puff
the stomach out, but pull the air into it while extending the inside
wall. By harnessing the power of the breath the mind can be stilled and
can be prepared for your Yoga practise.

Instruction Table Breathing Basics
1

Sit in a simple cross-legged position on
the floor. If you don’t feel comfortable in this position place a folded
blanket under your buttocks.

Place your right hand on the rib cage and your left hand on your abdomen

Inhale
slowly through the nose feeling the breath filling the abdomen,
bringing it slowly into the rib cage, then the upper chest.

Exhaling
softly feeling the breath leave the abdomen first, then the ribs and
lastly the upper chest. Observe the space at the end of the exhale

2

Now move hands so your forearms come to a comfortable position
resting on your knees and continue the breathing with a relaxed rhythm.

Continue with a flowing controlled breath in your own time.

Yoga breathing is also call Pranayama . Many say that Pranayama
(Rhythmic control of breath) is one of the bests medicines in the world .

Right click the link and save as to download a beginners breathing routine . Then watch in windows media player.

Click the BIG play button in the middle below. To watch a Pranayama Breathing overview .

Please visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch…

The Virasana Arm/Shoulder Stretch

Hero Pose

The purpose of this pose is to help give the entire
body a very complete stretch from the heels to the head. It improves
strength and endurance and helps to control your breathing in
conjunction with the movements of the body.

It eases and stimulates the joints especially the
knees, ankles and shoulders. It reduces and alleviates backache and
improves the circulation of the entire body.

Instruction Table
1

Come in to a position on your hands and your

knees with your knees together and your feet slightly wider than hip width apart. Your big

toes & little toes pressing firmly into the floor

2

Push back with your hands & sit between your
buttocks on the floor, make sure you roll your calf muscles out wards so
your not sitting on them.

3

Make sure the inner calves are touching the outer thighs and your
ankles are outside your buttocks, arms resting at the sides.

4

Inhale as you slowly raise your arms to shoulder height, shoulders down.

5

Exhale lengthen out through the fingertips & turn your palms to the roof. Inhale stretch your arms overhead.

6

Interlock the fingers. Slowly exhaling turn the palms
towards the ceiling, and with a powerful push lift up from the belly
into your chest and shoulders.

7

Exhale bring your hands down in a smooth continuance motion….

8

Now bringing your arms interlocking behind your back
with straight arms, being careful not to roll the shoulders forward,
squeezing the shoulder blades together and opening the chest on the
front of the body.

9

Inhale hands back to the side

Repeat 2-3 more times

Please Visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch…

Kneeing Twist Pose

Regular practice of the kneeling twist pose
will aid in your ability to rotate the spine and upper torso more
effectively, while increasing the flexibility and strength in your back
and abdominal muscles. It also massages, stimulates and rejuvenates the
internal abdominal organs.

This pose is a good beginners pose and will get you ready for more advanced twists.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Sit on your heals with your knees together, the tops of the feet
pressing firmly into the ground. Your head, shoulders, and hips should
be in one straight line.

Arms relaxed by the side keep your base firm by contracting your buttocks.

2

Inhale, extending the spine upwards, exhale twist around to the
right, placing your left hand on the outside of your right thigh,
turning the head in the direction of the twist, but keeping the head and
shoulders relaxed.

Take a few breaths here, keeping the stomach soft and the eyes soft.

Repeat on the other side

Please Visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch…

Triangle Pose
Tree
Warrior

The Triangle Pose

Triangle pose tones the leg muscles, spinal nerves and abdominal
organs; it contributes towards a strong healthy lower back.

The triangle gives an excellent and complete stretch

throughout the entire body.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Align yourself in mountain pose.

Continuing with your smooth

flowing breath

2

Inhale deeply and jump your feet out landing approx
1.2-1.5m apart. your feet need to be in line and pointing forward at
right angles. Next raise your arms to shoulder level, be sure that they
are in line with each other. Stretch your arms out from the middle of
your back. Lift your chest and look straight ahead.

3

Now turn your right foot out while keeping your hips to
the front, and turn your left foot in from 90 to 70 degrees, by pivoting
on your heel. Insure your right heel is in line with the instep of the
left foot.

This is important as it sets the base for this pose.

4

The kneecaps and thighs are pulling up,
simultaneously pushing downward through your feet into the floor.
Inhale, extend the spine, exhale as you bend to the right, pushing out
from the hips, through the right arm…

5

Taking your right hand to a comfortable position on your
leg, your left arm coming up to straight, moving down as far as
possible without turning the hips or torso. Keep the thighs firm and
rolling around towards the buttocks, moving the left hip back and open
the chest.

6

Inhale, extend the neck and spine, exhale, turn your head to look up at your left hand.

Keep
your head, your buttocks and your heels in one straight line,not
looking down with you body, keep opening your whole body up.

Breathe easy.

Click here to view the Triangle pose

http://www.youtube.com/watch…

The Tree Pose

This pose harnesses the powers of mental concentration, while
allowing you to calm the mind. It develops balance and stability, and
strengthens the legs and feet, also increasing flexibility in the hips
and knees.

The tree pose is a balance pose incorporating three lines of
energy, emitting from the centre outwards. One line proceeds down the
straight leg, one line extends up the spine and out the fingertips, and
the third moves outward through the bent knee.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Align yourself in mountain pose.

Continuing with your smooth

flowing breath

2

On your next inhale; shift the bulk of your weight onto
your left foot. Exhale bend the right knee, and assisting with your
hand, place the sole of your right foot as high as possible into the
left inner thigh, with toes pointing down, steady yourself, and

breathe easy.

3

Next raise your arms to shoulder level, be sure that
they are in line with each other. Stretch your arms out from the middle
of your back. Lift your chest and look straight ahead. Keep completely
focused on the pose.

4

Now bring your palms together in prayer
position. Keeping your eyes focused on a point in front of you, will
assist your balance.

5

Inhale as you raise your arms overhead keeping your palms together and stretching upwards through the fingertips.

Keep working your right knee back and contracting your buttocks muscles in and down.

Feel your abdomen plane and hips facing straight ahead, while lifting out of the waist.

Please Visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch…< ?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = “urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office” />

The Warrior Pose

Virabhadra

The Warrior pose is
named after the mythic warrior-sage, Virabhadra. This challenging pose
strengthens the entire body while improving mental capacity and self
control.

It builds, shapes and tones the entire lower body. It tones the
abdominal section and helps to prevent, reduce and eliminate back pain.
The entire upper body -front and back- is worked and doing this pose
increases the capacity of the respiratory system.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Stand in mountain pose continuing with your smooth flowing breath.

2

Jump your feet sides ways and sweep your arms out to the side so your
ankles are below your wrists. Establish your foundation, by pulling
your knees and thighs up, tucking your tailbone under, pushing your feet
firmly into the floor.

Visualise
an imaginary line running vertically down the centre of your body,
dropping your shoulders. Squeeze your arms and legs away from the
centreline.

3

Keep an awareness of this line as you turn your right
foot out to 90 degrees and turn your left foot in to 70 degrees. Ensure
the heel of your front foot aligns with arch of your back foot, hips
facing forward.

If your body wants to turn off centre, counter-act it by pushing
simultaneously in opposite directions from the centre line.

4

Inhale, an as you exhale bend your right
leg, pulling up with the outside and inside of the thigh to form a right
angle at the knee. Only go as low as you can with out turning your hips
off centre.

Ideally
you want your knee directly above your ankle with you leg coming
vertically out of the floor like pillar. Keep the power flowing through
the back leg into the floor.

5

Inhale lift the spine; exhale turn your head to look over your right arm. Take a few deep breaths through the nose.

Hold the pose and breathe smooth.

Reverse the procedure back to mountain pose and repeat back to the other side.

Please Visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch…

Mountain Pose
Prayer Pose
Shrug

Mountain Yoga Pose

The Mountain Pose is one of the most important poses in yoga. It is the start and finish point of all standing poses.

When standing in mountain pose, the mind is quiet,
and the body strong and still, like a mountain. This is a pose you can
practise in your daily life, practising to stand correctly will have a
profound influence on your physical and mental well being.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Moutain Pose 1

Stand with your feet hip width apart, so the outsides of the feet are almost parallel edged.

Press and spread the toes into the floor. Feel the weight of your
body distributed evenly through your feet, from the toes to the heels,
keep pressing firmly into the floor.

2

Moutain Posture 2
Lift the kneecaps up by contracting the front thigh
muscles, but not locking the backs of the knees. Pull up with the back
of the thighs, and activate the hip and buttocks to level the pelvis.

3

Mountain Poses Back
Your hips should be directly over your knees, and your
knees over your ankles. This gives you a stable foundation and by
positioning the pelvis properly, keeps the spine healthy.

4

Now extend the spine, by slowly inhaling, lifting up
through the legs as you lift the ribcage, opening the chest and dropping
the shoulders down, extending the neck, keeping the jaw and eyes soft.

5

Bring the shoulder blades into the back, to support the ribcage. Breathe slowly and softly.

Keep your head directly over your shoulders, and look at eye level at a point in front of you.

Please Visit:
http://www.youtube.com/watch…

The Prayer Pose

This pose is simple, but very effective, and is a
key movement to more advanced poses. This pose will teach you how to
push from under the shoulders and out of the lats, the major muscle
group of the back. A key movement in a lot of yoga poses.

It strengthens and aligns the upper body while
releasing tension and increasing the circulation to the shoulder joint,
which is a ball and socket joint. It also aids in strengthening the
abdominal and lumber region as you look to form a solid base.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Centre yourself in mountain pose and take a
few deep breaths here, breathing down into the abdomen, continuing the
breathing that you are now familiar with.

2

Inhale, raise your arms to shoulder height and stretch them out in the opposite direction to each other

3

Now twist your arms from the shoulder and turning your palms upwards. Keep the body in a nice strong upright position

4

Bring your arms out in front of you, pushing
your elbows firmly together and your fingers extending away from you,
while focusing on pulling your shoulder blades together..

5

Continue squeezing the elbows together as you bring your palms together

6

Now bend at the elbow and take the forearms to vertical.
Keep pressing firmly with the palms and the elbows as you breathe the
arms upwards. With each exhale moving slightly higher.
Shoulder opener Yoga Posture. This
movement will teach you how to push from under the shoulders and out of
the lats, the major muscle group of the back. A key movement in a lot of
yoga poses. This pose is simple, but very effective, and is a key
movement to more advanced poses.

Please Visit:
http://www.youtube.com/watch…

The Shoulder Shrug

The shoulder rotation is another pose which can be practiced anywhere and at any time.

It strengthens and aligns the shoulder region while
releasing tension and increasing the circulation to the shoulder joint,
which is a ball and socket joint. It also aids in strengthening the
abdominal and lumber region as you look to form a solid base.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Align yourself in mountain pose.

Continuing with your smooth

flowing breath

2

As you inhale, lift your shoulders to your ear lobes, keeping the head erect and soft.

3

As you exhale, rotate the shoulders around

by pushing up out of the chest and squeezing the shoulder blades together, rotating them

in a full circle.

4

Back down into mountain pose

Repeat 3 more times

Please Visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch…
Lying Twist
Downward Dog
Seated Forward Bend

The Lying Basic Twist

Doing this pose will rapidly increase strength and muscle tone in your midsection.

The lying twist is another pose which is very
simple yet extremely effective. This pose is soothing to the spine and
neck, and warms and frees the lower back and hips and it also improves
digestion and assists in toxin elimination.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Come to a position lying on your back and stretch your arms out to
the side and place your palms and shoulders firmly on the floor.

Move your shoulder blades under. Spread your toes apart. Feel the
back and shoulders moulding to the straight lines of the floor.

2

Bend your knees as far as they come towards the chest.

3

Inhale, keeping your knees and ankles together,
Exhale, rolling your knees to the right. Focus on keeping your arms
pressing out wards and your shoulders pushing firmly into the ground.
You may feel or hear your spine lengthening as it extends into the
correct alignment.

Knees & ankles together breathe, focus on creating length between the left lower rib and the hip,

4

Now turn your head to look over your left hand. Relax in to this pose, stomach soft, breathing soft and relaxed.

Reverse the pose back up and repeat to the other side
Please Visit:

The Downward Facing Dog

Adhomukha Svanasana

The downward yoga pose is
named as such as it resembles the shape of a Dog stretching itself out.
This pose helps to strengthen, stretch and reduce stiffness in the legs
while strengthening and shaping the upper body. Dog pose Yoga Posture .
One of the main yoga asanas. If you have time for only one posture try
this one.

Holding this pose for a minute or longer will
stimulate and restore energy levels if you are tired. Regular practice
of this pose rejuvenates the entire body and gently stimulates your
nervous system.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Come up onto your hands and knees with your knees hip
width apart and the hands shoulder width apart, your fingers wide
pressing firmly into the floor.

2

Inhale, arch your spine and look up as you turn your toes under.

3

As you exhale straighten your legs and pause here for a moment.

4

Now push the floor away from you hands, positioning your
body like an inverted V, achieving a straight line from your hands to
your shoulders to the hips. Straight arms and straight legs.

As you inhale press downward into your hands and lift outward out of the shoulders.

Lift your head and torso back through the line of your body.

Please Visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch…

The Seated Forward Bend

Paschimottanasana

The purpose of this pose is to give the entire back
of your body a very complete stretch from the heels to the head. It is
excellent for posture improvement and stimulates the internal organs as
well.

It adds in improved mental concentration and
endurance and helps to control and calm the mind. It relieves
compression while increasing the elasticity of the spine, it also
strengthens and stretches the hamstrings.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Come to a sitting position with your legs together in front of you.

Move
the fleshy part of your buttocks from underneath you, so you are on the
top of your sitting bones, which are located at the very top of your
legs.
2

Roll the thighs inwards so that the kneecaps are facing directly upwards.

Activate the legs by pressing down into the floor, and out through the heels.

Spread your toes wide and pull them towards you.

Lengthen your lower back muscles down as you extend your spine up and out of the pelvis.
3

Now take your strap around both feet. The
strap`s purpose is to keep the spine straight. This is very important.
Be aware the head is an extension of the spine, so keep it aligned
accordingly.

Use the breath to create the optimum degree of intensity in the stretch.
4

On your next exhale; come down the belt further while
maintaining the extension on the front and back of the torso. Some of
you will be able to grab the sides of your feet. Breathe softly and
continuously. Don’t pull yourself forward by the strength of your upper
body.

Keep bending at the hips, maintaining a relaxed head and neck.
5

Go a little further, relax your abdomen, and inhale, as
you lengthen, exhale, and come further forward, increasing the space in
your vertebrae.

Please Visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch…

The Locust
The Bridge
Extended Child’s Pose

The Locust Pose

Salabhasana

The locus yoga posture is
named as such as it resembles the shape of the insect known as the
Locust. This pose helps to strengthen, stretch and reduce stiffness in
the lower back while bringing flexibility to the upper back region.

When you first begin to practice this pose, your
legs may not move very far off the floor. Please continue and stay
positive as you will find your range will continue to improve the more
you practice. Learning to master this pose will hold you in good stead
for more advanced back bends.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Come to a position lying face down on the floor, with
your arms along side your body, palms and forehead down. Bring your
knees and ankles together. Squeeze the shoulder blades together and
down. Push your palms into the floor. Pull the abdominals inwards,
contract the buttocks, and press the hips and pubis firmly into the
floor.

2

On your next exhale; raise the legs to a height that is comfortable but challenging.

Keep the buttocks activated, lock the knees, keep the ankles together.

3

Extend the front of your body as you pull
the shoulder blades together, raising the head, the arms, and upper
torso away from the floor, looking straight ahead, opening the front of
the chest and pushing down the lines of the arms.

Keep the legs working strongly.

Please Visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch…

The Bridge Pose

The Bridge Pose is
a simple yet very effective pose to practice. It helps to promote a
healthy flexible spine while strengthening the legs and buttock muscles.
It also helps to stretch and stimulate the abdominal muscles and
organs.

It aids in easing and stimulating the mind and is a great way to reenergize if feeling tired.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Lie on your back with your legs bent, heels close to the buttocks,
Feet pressing firmly into the floor, hip width and parallel.

Your arms should be slightly out from your sides, the palms of your hands pressing firmly into the floor.

2

Inhale, and with the exhale raise the hips up by pushing strongly
into the floor with your feet. Keep the buttocks firm, and press the
shoulders and arms into the floor. Only go to the height that you are
comfortable with.

Take a few nourishing breaths in this position, as you keep opening the chest and lengthening the torso.

3

Now bring your arms over your head to the floor behind
you. Keep lifting your buttocks away from the floor, keeping them
contracted, which will protect the lower spine, and work softly with the
breath, keeping the head and neck relaxed.

This
pose stretches the whole front of the body, and brings mobility to the
spine. Breathing is improved from the opening of the ribcage and chest
area.
Please Visit:
http://www.youtube.com/watch…

The Extended Child’s Pose / Garbhasana

The Childs Yoga pose when
practiced regularly is very beneficial to your entire mind and body. It
helps to release the pressure on the spine while providing an entire
stretch through the upper body to the fingertips. It also aids in
strengthening and stretching the insides of the legs while massaging the
internal organs.

Breathing will becomes more efficient and your mind
will become clear. It also aids in improved mental processes and helps
to rejuvenate and energize the entire being.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Bring your big toes together and your knees wide apart, inhale as you lift your spine and extend your stomach.

2

Exhale bend forward from the hips as you walk you hands
out as far in front of you as possible, extending from the hips to the
fingertips.

3

Place your forehead on the ground & buttocks
back to the heels. Work your pubis to the floor and strech the inner
thigh muscles. Focus on the breath.

4

Breathing into the abdomen as you extend it
forward in to the breastbone, creating length through the upper body.
Exhale from deep in the abdomen relaxing in the spine and continue the
slow controlled breathing.

Please Visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch…

Standing Forward Bend
The Boat (beginners)

The Standing Forward Bend

This pose aids in digestion and is restorative. It
frees the rib cage allowing for improved breathing. It aids in mental
concentration and helps to revive mental and pysichal exhaustion. The
heartbeat is slowed and the lower back is strengthened and pressure is
removed from the lumbar region.

It increases flexibility while strengthening and
developing the hamstrings. It also helps to strengthen the feet and
ankles while realigning the entire body.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Stand in mountain pose, in the centre of your mat, with your hands in prayer position. Jump your feet wide apart.

Keep the outside of your feet running parallel while lifting your
arches, pulling up with the thighs and the tail bone tucked under.

2

Place your hands on your hips and feel the extension up out of the waist.

3

Inhale, As you exhale bend at the hips extend forward,
continue lifting out of the hips keeping your legs strong and your base
nice and firm, looking forward to begin with. Keep the extension on the
stomach, which will help keep your back flat protecting it.

Take a few breaths here.

4

Now take your hands to the floor extending from the lower abdomen to
the breastbone and through the spine. Some of you maybe on the finger
tips.

If
you can’t keep your spine straight put your hands on your knees and
keep slowly working down your legs, working with your body, not against
it. Lift your sitting bones to the ceiling.

5

Draw your shoulders down your back so you can extend the neck with ease.

Remember to keep the arches high.
Please Visit:
http://www.youtube.com/watch…

The Boat Pose

Doing the boat pose will rapidly increase strength and muscle tone in your midsection.

Keep challenging yourself to stay in this pose
longer. If you find the stimulation of the midsection becoming intense,
just persist with it, knowing your mind has ultimate control over the
body.
To view in flash - click the image below

Instruction Table
1

Find yourself on your sitting bones, lifting out of the hips.

Extend your spine upwards, and press the soles of your feet into the floor, with the knees and ankles together.

2

Using your fingertips on the floor for balance, extend your abdomen as you lean back slightly.

3

Bring your lower legs up, parallel to the floor.
Breathe softly, in and out through the nose, while opening the chest and
squeezing the shoulder blades together.

Focus on a point at eye level in front of you. You may find this pose challenging to begin with

4

Now bring your arms up beside your knees, parallel to the floor,
opening the chest. Keep your focus on that point in front of you. This
will help your stability. Continue with the controlled breathing.

Feel the stimulation of the entire abdominal region, as you hold this pose for a few more breaths.
Advanced Variation of The Boat

Now bring your legs up to straight. Continue to keep your focus on that point in front of you.

Continue with the controlled breathing.

Please Visit:

http://www.youtube.com/watch…

Maha Parinibbana Sutta

Venerable Kiribathgoda Gnanananda Thero

youtube.com

Summary of the Problem with Electronic Voting
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3FeaMu_1EQyZWVzSnVBcVY4a28/view

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Summary of the Problem with Electronic Voting

The 2000 presidential election and the consequential actions of Congress and the states are dramatically

changing the American election process. The Help America Vote Act (HAVA) passed by Congress in 2002

mandates reform of the election processes of all states. HAVA provides funding to replace obsolete voting

technologies such as punch cards and lever machines with more modern
technologies such as precinct- based optical scanners and direct
recording electronic (DRE) voting machines.

While HAVA includes a requirement that all voting systems must provide a manual audit capacity, its

definition of that requirement is ambiguous, and there are conflicting interpretations of its meaning.

Many elections officials have concluded that HAVA does not require a paper record of each ballot, verified by

the voter at the time the ballot is cast. As a result, over 100,000 paperless DRE voting machines have

already been deployed which lack the ability to produce a voter-verified paper ballot.

We are gravely concerned about the extensive reliance of voting machines that record and tally votes

exclusively through electronic means and provide no paper ballot that can be verified by the voter. We have

three major objections to entrusting our elections to these machines:

• Software errors are unavoidable

• Without a voter-verified paper ballot it is impossible to perform meaningful recounts

• The opportunities for fraud exist on a greater scale than ever before

Software Errors

No one knows how to write bug-free software. This fact is not in dispute. The more complex the software,

the more difficult it is to find and fix bugs. Election software is very complex because of the wide variety of

ballot types used across the nation, and it will contain errors, regardless of the skill and dedication of the

engineers who design it and the programmers who code it.

Computer glitches are not uncommon. All of us who use computers know this. Undoubtedly, software errors

will cause problems in future elections, just as they have in past elections. Here are three of the many

examples of computer errors reported in newspapers in recent elections:

• Cateret County, North Carolina, November 2004: software problems caused 4,438 electronic

ballots to be lost and never recovered. The vendor acknowledged responsibility for the loss.

• Fairfax County, Virginia, November 2003: testing ordered by a judge revealed the several

voting machines subtracted one in every hundred votes for the candidate who lost her seat on the

school board.

• Broward County, Florida, January 2004: 134 electronic ballots were blank in a one-race

election held on DRE voting machines in which the margin of victory was 12 votes. Florida law

required a manual recount of the ballots, but that recount was impossible because there were no

physical ballots to recount.

These and many other reports of computer problems present us with an obvious question: how many election

results were compromised by unnoticed computer errors and malfunctions? Of course, we have no way of

knowing. These reported cases were detected, but it is only reasonable to assume that were other

undetected errors, and we will never know how many.

Impossibility of Meaningful Recounts

Trusting our votes to a wholly electronic process of recording and storage leaves us completely without

recourse if that electronic process fails - and history shows that the process fails all too frequently. DRE

voting machines do allow voters to inspect and correct their choices on the touch screen’s final summary

display prior to casting their vote. But, DREs do not provide voters any method for inspecting how their vote

is stored inside the DRE’s electronic memory. Thus, the electronic ballot records stored in those memory

circuits are completely invisible to and unverified by the voter; they are also alterable. Yet it is the contents

of that invisible, impermanent, and unverified computer memory that are used to total up the votes.

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Without voter-verified paper records that accurately reflect the voters’ choices, it is simply impossible to

perform a meaningful recount. While most DRE voting machines can print a paper record of the votes cast,

this report is not generated until after the polls have closed, and is nothing more than a printout of the

electronic records. If the electronic record is inaccurate, then the printed report will also be inaccurate.

Such a printout is not voter-verified and does not provide an audit trail appropriate for a meaningful

recount.

Consider this scenario, not unlike events that have occurred in past elections: A voter marks the

appropriate locations on the voting machine’s touch screen, reviews the choices, and gives the command to

cast the ballot. Due to a software problem or malfunction, the computer records the ballot incorrectly, or

not at all. The voter leaves the booth, and at the end of the day, the poll worker prints out the ballot images.

The voter’s votes are incorrectly tallied and the printed ballot image is incorrect, but this error goes

undetected because the voter is not there to view the printed version. But because the printed version of

the ballot images all match the electronic records (as they must, since one is simply a copy of the other),

elections officials proudly report that they have successfully conducted yet another flawless election.

Opportunities for Grand-Scale Fraud

Election fraud is not unknown in previous American elections, and it is not unexpected in future elections.

However, the opportunities for fraud provided by electronic voting machines surpass all the opportunities

available previously. For example, a corrupt insider, working for one of the vendors of widely-used voting

machines, could hide malicious code in the software. That vendor could then unwittingly distribute that

malicious code to thousands of machines across the nation and alter the election results in every state

where those machines are used. Existing testing and certification procedures for DREs are voluntary and

currently insufficient to guarantee that this type of tampering will be detected. Elections officials are

usually not computer security experts and most do not fully appreciate the security vulnerabilities of DRE

voting machines.

Concerns about fraud are not simply speculation. A 2003 study by Johns Hopkins and Rice University

computer experts revealed hundreds of security flaws in the software of a leading manufacturer. Two

separate studies commissioned by Maryland (the SAIC and RABA reports) confirmed many of those findings

and identified additional vulnerabilities. An Ohio study of the four major voting machines has shown them

all to have serious security vulnerabilities. That study prompted the Ohio Secretary of State to delay the

installation of DRE voting machines in that state until after the 2004 election.

A Reasonable Solution

How each voter votes is a private matter. But how those votes are counted is everyone’s business. When

voters cast their ballots, they must be able to verify that their choices have been accurately and

permanently recorded on that ballot. They must also be ensured that their ballots cannot be altered or

deleted after they have verified them, and that their voter-verified paper ballots are available for a

meaningful recount, including manual recounts where required by law.

There are now several vendors of voting machines that provide both accessibility to voters with disabilities

and a voter-verified paper ballot. In addition, a major vendor of DRE voting machines is now supplying

printers that can be retrofit onto its previously-paperless systems; those retrofit printers were used

successfully to produce voter-verified paper ballots on the DRE voting machines used in the September

2004 primary elections in Nevada.

Accordingly, a reasonable solution to the problem with electronic voting is to pass legislation requiring all

DRE voting machines to provide a voter-verified paper ballot that is saved in a ballot box for use in recounts

and audits. Since HAVA mandates that all voting systems must (by 2006) provide equivalent accessibility

to voters with disabilities, any such voter-verified paper ballot system must also be accessible by that date.

In the last session (the 108th), several bills were introduced in the U.S. Congress that would establish such

a voter-verified paper ballot requirement for all voting systems. While these bills differed in the details of

their implementation and in their effective dates, all would have established a voter-verified paper ballot

requirement by 2006. As of October 2004, the combined cosponsorship for these bills included members of

both parties and totaled 192 members of the House and 20 members of the Senate. Of all of the VVPB bills

that were introduced into the Senate, only the Ensign amendment, S. 2437, attracted bipartisan support.

For additional information, please visit http://www.verifiedvoting.org

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revised_summary31.pdf

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