2459 Sun 3 Dec 2017 LESSON
Happy
Birthday to J Chandrasekharan, translator of Tipitaka in 105 languages,
one of the propagators of Techno-Politico-Socio Transformation and
Economic Emancipation Movement and International Master Swimmer and all
those who are born on 3rd December
- From Banurekha Pradeep Kumar, NS Pradeep Kumar, Sashikanth, Shifu,
Tushar, Harshith, Pranay, Vinay and all relatives, and friends.
Message:
Do no Evil, Always do Good and be Mindful
May all be ever happy, well and scure.
May all sentient and non-sentient beings ve calm, quiet, alert, attentive and have an equanimity mind
with a clear understanding that everything is changing.
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Papers must be used in the Dr Radhakrishnan Nagar seat and the
elections for the five state assembly constituencies which will be
conducted on December 21 and counting of votes will be on December 24.
In all four constituencies, Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) will be
used. Otherwise the Murderers of democratic intitutions (Modi) and the
stooges,chamchas, chelas, bootlickers, and own mother’s flesh eaters wil
steal the votes. In Uttar Pradesh all Panchayat
elections and other elections conducted with Ballot papers were won by
BSP and Ms Mayawati has challenged to conduct elections with Ballot
Papers where the Brashtachar Jiyadha Psychopths (BJP) will not even poll
1% votes.
from FREE ONLINE Tipitaka Research and Practice UNIVERSITY through http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
This
outline displays the publication of books in the Devan±gari-script
edition of the Chaμμha Saag±yana (Sixth Council) Tipiμaka. The names of
the volumes are displayed in italics with the suffix “-p±1⁄4i”
indicatingthe volume is part of the root Tipiμaka, rather than
commentarial literature. This outline lists the root volumes only.
44) Classical Indonesian
44) Bahasa Indonesia Klasik 2453 Mon 27 Nov 2017 PELAJARAN TIPITAKA dari FREE ONLINE Tipitaka Research andPractice UNIVERSITY melalui http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org Garis besar ini menampilkan publikasi buku dalam edisi Devan ± gari-script dari Chaμμha Saag ± yana (Dewan Keenam) Tipiμaka. Nama-nama
volume ditampilkan dalam huruf miring dengan akhiran “-p ± 1/4i” yang
menunjukkan bahwa volume adalah bagian dari akar Tipiμaka, bukan
literatur komentar. Garis besar ini hanya berisi daftar volume akar. Vinaya Piμaka (Tiga divisi, dicetak dalam 5 buku) Sutta Vibhaaga [dua buku berisi peraturan untuk para bhikkhu dan bhikkhuni, yang menguraikan delapan kelas pelanggaran] Tipiaka (tiga “keranjang”) Sutta Piμaka (Lima nik ± yas, atau koleksi) Sutta Piṭaka berisi inti ajaran Sang Buddha tentang Dhamma. Ini berisi lebih dari sepuluh ribu sutta. Buku ini terbagi dalam lima koleksi yang disebut Nikāya (kumpulan
orang banyak, kumpulan, kelompok, ordo, kelompok, asosiasi,
persaudaraan, kongregasi, rumah, tempat tinggal). Dīgha Nikāya
[dīgha: long] Dīgha Nikāya mengumpulkan 34 wacana terpanjang yang diberikan oleh Sang Buddha. Ada berbagai petunjuk bahwa banyak dari mereka adalah penambahan akhir pada korpus asli dan keaslian yang dipertanyakan. Majjhima Nikāya
[Majjhima: medium] Majjhima Nikāya mengumpulkan 152 wacana Sang Buddha
panjang menengah, berurusan dengan beragam hal. Saṃyutta Nikāya
[samyutta: group] Saṃyutta Nikāya mengumpulkan sutta sesuai dengan subjek mereka di 56 sub kelompok yang disebut saṃyuttas. Ini berisi lebih dari tiga ribu wacana dengan panjang variabel, namun umumnya relatif pendek. Aṅguttara Nikāya
[aṅg: faktor | uttara:
additionnal] Aṅguttara Nikāya dibagi dalam sebelas sub kelompok yang
disebut nipana, masing-masing mengumpulkan wacana yang terdiri dari
penghitungan satu faktor tambahan dibandingkan dengan prediksi nipana. Ini berisi ribuan sutta yang umumnya pendek. Khuddaka Nikāya
[khuddha: pendek, kecil] Teks singkat Khuddhaka Nikāya dan dianggap telah
terdiri dari dua stratas: Dhammapada, Udāna, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipāta,
Theragāthā-Therīgāthā dan Jātaka membentuk strata kuno, sementara
otherbooks adalah tambahan yang terlambat dan keasliannya lebih
dipertanyakan. Sutta Piμaka (Lima nik ± yas, atau koleksi) 1. D2gha-nik ± ya [34 sutta; 3 vaggas, atau bab (masing-masing buku)]
(1) S2lakkhandavagga-p ± 1/4i (13 sutta)
(2) Mah ± vagga-p ± 1/4i (10 sutta)
(3) P ± μikavagga-p ± 1/4i (11 sutta) 2. Majjhima-nik ± ya [152 sutta; 15 vaggas; dibagi dalam 3 buku,
5 vaggas masing-masing, dikenal sebagai paoo ± sa (’fifty’)] (1) M3lapaoo ± ssa-p ± 1/4i (’akar’ lima puluh)
1. M3lapariy ± yavagga (10 sutta)
2. S2han ± davagga (10 sutta)
3. Tatiyavagga (10 sutta) 4. Mah ± yamakavagga (10 sutta) 5. C31/4ayamakavagga (10 sutta)
(2) Majjhimapaoo ± sa-p ± 1/4i (yang ‘tengah’ lima puluh) 6. Gahapati-vagga (10 sutta)
7. Bhikkhu-vagga (10 sutta)
8. Paribb ± jaka-vagga (10 sutta)
9. R ± ja-vagga (10 sutta) 10. Br ± hmana-vagga (10 sutta)
(3) Uparipaoo ± sa-p ± 1/4i (berarti ‘lebih dari lima puluh’) 11. Devadaha-vagga (10 sutta)
12. Anupada-vagga (10 sutta)
13. Suññata-vagga (10 sutta)
14. Vibhaaga-vagga (12 sutta)
15. Sa1/4 ± yatana-vagga (10 sutta) 3. Sa1/2yutta-nik ± ya [2,904 (7,762) sutta; 56 sa1/2yuttas; 5 vaggas; terbagi
menjadi 6 buku] (1) Sag ± thavagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (11 sa1/2yuttas)
(2) Nid ± navagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (10 sa1/2yuttas)
(3) Khandavagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (13 sa1/2yuttas)
(4) Sa1/4 ± yatanavagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (10 sa1/2yuttas)
(5) Mah ± vagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i Vol I (6 sa1/2yuttas)
(6) Mah ± vagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i Vol II (6 sa1/2yuttas) 4. Aaguttara-nik ± ya [9,557 sutta; in11 nip ± tas, atau kelompok, diatur secara murni
numerik; Setiap nip ± ta memiliki beberapa vaggas; 10 atau lebih sutta di
setiap vagga; 6 buku] (1) Eka-Duka-Tika-nipata-p ± 1/4i (satu, dua, bertiga)
(2) Catukka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (merangkak)
(3) Pañcaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (balita)
(4) Chakka-Sattaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (enam, tujuh) (5) Aμμhaka-Navaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (delapan, sembilan)
(6) Dasaka-Ekadasaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (puluhan, elevens)
5. Khuddaka-nik ± ya [koleksi buku-buku kecil, aneka kumpulan-
pekerjaan di 18 bagian utama; Ini termasuk sutta, kompilasi
catatan doktrin, sejarah, ayat, dan literatur komentar yang dimilikinya
telah dimasukkan ke dalam Tipiμaka itu sendiri; 12 buku] (1) Kuddhakap ± tha, Dhammapada & Ud ± na-p ± 1/4i 1. Kuddhakap ± tha (sembilan formula dan sutta pendek, digunakan sebagai panduan latihan untuk
bhikkhu pemula)
2. Dhammapada (paling terkenal dari semua buku Tipiaka, koleksi 423
ayat dalam 26 vaggas) 3. Ud ± na (dalam 8 vaggas, 80 ucapan sukacita Sang Buddha, kebanyakan dalam ayat-ayat, dengan beberapa laporan prosa tentang keadaan yang menimbulkan ucapan) (2) Itivuttaka, Suttanip ± ta-p ± 1/4i
4. Itivuttaka (4 nip ± tas, 112 sutta, setiap awal, “iti vutta1/2 bhagavata” [demikianlah
dikatakan oleh Sang Buddha])
5. Suttanip ± ta (5 vaggas; 71 sutta, kebanyakan dalam ayat; mengandung banyak yang terbaik
Sutta Sang Buddha yang terkenal (3) Vim ± navatthu, Petavatthu, Therag ± th ± & Therig ± th ± ± ± 1/4i
6. Vim ± navatthu (Vim ± na berarti mansion; 85 puisi dalam 7 vaggas tentang tindakan
jasa dan kelahiran kembali di alam surgawi)
7. Petavatthu (4 vaggas, 51 puisi yang menggambarkan makhluk menyedihkan [petas] lahir di Indonesia
keadaan yang tidak bahagia karena tindakan demeritorious mereka)
8. Therag ± th ± (ayat-ayat sukacita dan kegembiraan setelah pencapaian tingkat kesucian arahat dari 264
bhikkhu tua; 107 puisi, 1.279 g ± thas)
9. Therig ± th ± (sama seperti di atas, dari 73 suster tua, 73 puisi, 522 g ± thas) (4) J ± taka-p ± 1/4i, Vol. saya
(5) J ± taka-p ± 1/4i, Vol II 10. J ± taka (cerita kelahiran Bodisatta sebelum kelahirannya sebagai Buddha Gotama; 547
cerita dalam ayat, terbagi menjadi nip ± ta sesuai dengan jumlah ayat yang dibutuhkan
ceritakan kisahnya. Cerita lengkap J ± taka sebenarnya ada dalam komentar J ± taka itu
jelaskan kisah dibalik ayat-ayat tersebut. (6) Mah ± nidessa-p ± 1/4i
(7) C31/4anidessa-p ± 1/4i 11. Nidessa (komentar pada dua bagian Suttanip ± ta)
Mah ± nidessa: komentar pada 4 vagga
C31/4anidessa: komentar pada tanggal 5 vagga dan Khaggavis ± oa sutta dari vagga pertama
(8) Paμisambhid ± magga-p ± 1/4i 12. Paμisambhid ± magga (sebuah analisis detail abhidhamma tentang Buddha
mengajar, ditarik dari semua bagian Vin ± ya dan Sutta Piμakas; tiga vaggas,
masing berisi sepuluh topik [kath ±]) (9) Apad ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol. saya
13. Apad ± na (kisah dalam ayat-ayat kehidupan terdahulu dari 550 bhikkhu dan 40 bhikkhuni) (10) Apad ± na, Buddhava1/2sa & Cariy ± piμaka-p ± 1/4i 14. Buddhava1/2sa (sejarah para Buddha di mana Sang Buddha, sebagai jawaban atas a
pertanyaan dari Ven. Sariputta, menceritakan tentang pertapa Sumedha dan D2paakara
Buddha dan 24 Buddha berikutnya, termasuk Buddha Gotama.)
15. Cariy ± piμaka (35 cerita dari J ± taka disusun untuk menggambarkan sepuluh p ± ram2) (11) Nettippakarana, Peμakopadesa-p ± 1/4i 16. Nettippakarana (risalah kecil yang menetapkan metode untuk menafsirkan dan menjelaskan-
teks kanonik
17. Peμakopadesa (risalah yang menjelaskan metode untuk menjelaskan dan memperluas
pengajaran Sang Buddha) (12) Milindapañha-p ± 1/4i 18. Milinda-pañha (catatan pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh King Milinda dan
jawaban oleh Ven. Nagasena; Perdebatan ini berlangsung ca. 500 tahun setelah
mah ± parinibb ± na dari Sang Buddha) Abhidhamma Piμaka [Tujuh bagian eksposisi sistematis dan abstrak dari semua dhamma; dicetak di
12 buku] 1. Dhammasaagao2
(penghitungan dhamma) (1) Dhammasaagao2-p ± 1/4i 2. Vibhaaga-p ± 1/42
(perbedaan atau analisis dhamma) (2) Vibhaaga-p ± 1/42 3. Dh ± tukath ±
(diskusi tentang unsur; ketiga bagian ini membentuk trilogi itu
harus dicerna sebagai dasar untuk memahami Abhidhamma) 4. Puggalapaññatti
(sebutan individu; sepuluh bab: yang pertama berhubungan dengan single
individu, yang kedua dengan pasangan, yang ke-3 dengan kelompok tiga, dll. (3) Dh ± tukath ± -Puggalapaññatti-p ± 1/42 5. Kath ± vatthu-p ± 1/42
(titik kontroversi atau pandangan salah; diskusikan poin yang diangkat dan
menetap di dewan ke-3, yang diadakan pada masa pemerintahan Aœoka, di Patna) (4) Kath ± vatthu-p ± 1/42 6. Yamaka-p ± 1/42
(buku pasangan, penggunaan pasangan, pertanyaan yang berlawanan untuk menyelesaikan ambi-
kedok dan menentukan penggunaan istilah teknis yang tepat) (5) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol I
(6) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol II
(7) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol III 7. Paμhh ± na
(buku hubungan; penjabaran dari skema 24 syarat
hubungan [paccaya] yang membentuk sistem pemahaman yang lengkap
Mekanisme seluruh alam semesta Dhamma) (8) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol I
(9) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol II
(10) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol III
(11) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol IV
(12) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol V (1) P ± r ± jika-p ± 1/4i Bhikku
p ± r ± jik ± (pengusiran) 4
saaghadises ± (pertemuan Sangha) 13
aniyat ± (tak tentu) 2
nissagiy ± p ± cittiy ± (pelepasan dengan penyitaan) 30 (2) P ± cittiya-p ± 1/4i
suddha p ± cittiy ± (pelepasan biasa) 92
p ± tidesaniy ± (pengakuan: makanan sedekah) 4
sekhiya (tentang etiket & kesopanan) 75
adhikaraoasamath ± (proses hukum) 7 (diakhiri dengan peraturan bhikkuni vinaya) ______
227
Bhikkhuni 8
17
0
30 166
8
75
7
______
311 2. Khandaka [dua buku peraturan dan prosedur]
(3) Mah ± vagga-p ± 1/4i (10 bagian [khandhakas]; diawali dengan catatan sejarah dari Pencerahan Buddha, wacana pertama dan pertumbuhan awal Sangha;
garis besar peraturan berikut yang mengatur tindakan Sangha:
1. aturan untuk masuk ke pesanan (upasampad ±)
2. pertemuan uposatha dan resital p ± timokkha 3. tinggal selama musim hujan (vassa)
4. upacara penutup vassa, yang disebut pav ± rao ±
5. aturan untuk barang dari baju dan perabot
6. obat-obatan dan makanan
7. distribusi tahunan jubah (kaHhina)
8. peraturan untuk para bhikkhu yang sakit, bahan tidur dan jubah
9. cara melaksanakan prosesi Sangha
10. persidangan dalam kasus perpecahan (4) C31/4avagga-p ± 1/4i (atau Cullavagga) (12 khandakas berurusan dengan peraturan dan prosedur lebih lanjut-
perawatan untuk tindakan atau fungsi institusional, yang dikenal sebagai saaghakamma:
1. peraturan untuk menangani pelanggaran yang terjadi sebelum Sangha
(saagh ± disesa) 2. prosedur untuk menempatkan seorang bhikkhu dalam masa percobaan
3. Prosedur untuk menangani akumulasi pelanggaran oleh seorang bhikkhu
4. peraturan untuk menyelesaikan prosedur hukum di Sangha
5. misc. aturan untuk mandi, berpakaian, dll.
6. tempat tinggal, furnitur, penginapan, dll.
7. perpecahan
8. kelas bhikkhu dan tugas guru & novis
9. pengecualian dari p ± timokkha
10. pentahbisan dan instruksi bhikkhuni
11. rekening dewan 1 di R ± jagaha
12. rekening dewan ke 2 di Ves ± li 3. Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i [ringkasan vinaya, disusun sebagai a
katekismus untuk instruksi dan pemeriksaan] (5) Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i Buku kelima vinaya berfungsi sebagai semacam manual yang memungkinkan pembaca
untuk melakukan survei analitis terhadap keseluruhan Vinaya Piμaka.
45) Classical Irish
45) Gaeilge Clasaiceach
2458 Sath 2 Nollaig 2017 LESSON
TIPITAKA
ó OLLSCOIL OLLSCOILE TUAIRISC AR LÍNE AR LÍNE TÍ LUCHT AGUS Cleachtais trí http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
Taispeánann an imlíne seo foilsiú na leabhair san eagrán Devan ± gari-script de Chaiμha Saag ± yana (Séú Comhairle) Tipiμaka. Taispeántar
ainmneacha na n-imleabhar i gcló iodálach leis an iarmhír “-p ± 1/4i”
mar chuid den fhréamh Tipiμaka, seachas litríocht tráchtaireachta. Tugann an imlíne seo liostaí ar na méideanna bunúsacha amháin.
i 23) Béarla Clasaiceach,
Vinaya Piμaka
(Trí roinn, clóite i 5 leabhar)
Sutta Vibhaaga [dhá leabhar ina bhfuil rialacha don bhikkhus agus bhikkhunis, ag cur síos ar ocht gcinn de chionta]
Tipiμaka (trí “ciseán”)
Sutta Piμaka
(Cúig nik ± yas, nó bailiúcháin)
Tá bunús an teagaisc an Búda ar an Dhamma sa Sutta Piṭaka. Tá níos mó ná deich míle suttas ann. Tá sé roinnte i gcúig bhailiúchán ar a dtugtar Nikāyas (A lán,
comhdháil; bailiúchán; rang, ordú, grúpa; cumann, bráithreachas, pobal,
teach, teaghais).
Dīgha Nikāya
[dīgha: long] Bailíonn an Dīgha Nikāya 34 de na cainteanna is faide a thug an Búda. Tá leideanna éagsúla ann go bhfuil go leor díobh ag cur go mór leis an gcuspóir bunaidh agus le barántúlacht amhrasach.
Majjhima Nikāya
[majjhima: medium] Bailíonn an Majjhima Nikāya 152 cúrsa de Búda na hÉireann
fad idirmheánach, ag déileáil le nithe éagsúla.
Saṃyutta Nikāya
[samyutta: group] Bailíonn an Saṃyutta Nikāya na huaireanna de réir a n-ábhar i 56 fo-ghrúpa darb ainm Saṃyuttas. Tá níos mó ná trí mhíle díospóireachta ann d’fhad athraitheach, ach go ginearálta, tá sé réasúnta gearr.
Aṅguttara Nikāya
[aṅg: factor | uttara:
additionnal] Tá an Aṅguttara Nikāya subdivized in aon fochuideachta
déag ar a dtugtar nipātas, gach ceann acu ag casadh díospóireachtaí a
bhfuil áirimh ar fhachtóir amháin amháin i gcomparáid leo siúd an nipāta
fasach. Tá mílte de suttas ann atá i gcoitinne gearr.
Khuddaka Nikāya
[khuddha: short, small] Téacsanna gearra Khuddhaka Nikāya agus meastar gurb iad
atá comhdhéanta de dhá stratas: Is é Dhammapada, Udāna, Itivuttaka,
Sutta Nipāta, Theragāthā-Therīgāthā agus Jātaka na strata ársa, agus is
iad na leabhair eile a chuirtear go déanach agus níl a gcuid
barántúlacht níos mó ceist.
Sutta Piμaka
(Cúig nik ± yas, nó bailiúcháin)
1. D2gha-nik ± ya [34 suttas; 3 vaggas, nó caibidil (gach leabhar)]
(1) S2lakkhandavagga-p ± 1/4i (13 suttas)
(2) Mah ± vagga-p ± 1/4i (10 suttas)
(3) P ± μikavagga-p ± 1/4i (11 suttas)
2. Majjhima-nik ± ya [152 suttas; 15 vaggas; roinnte i 3 leabhar,
5 vaggas gach ceann, ar a dtugtar paoo ± sa (’caoga’)]
(1) M3lapaoo ± ssa-p ± 1/4i (an caoga ‘fréamhacha’)
1. M3lapariy ± yavagga (10 suttas)
2. S2han ± davagga (10 suttas)
3. Tatiyavagga (10 suttas)
4. Mah ± yamakavagga (10 suttas)
5. C31/4ayamakavagga (10 suttas)
(2) Majjhimapaoo ± sa-p ± 1/4i (an caoga ‘lár’)
6. Gahapati-vagga (10 suttas)
7. Bhikkhu-vagga (10 suttas)
8. Paribb ± jaka-vagga (10 suttas)
9. R ± ja-vagga (10 suttas)
10. Br ± hmana-vagga (10 suttas)
(3) Uparipaoo ± sa-p ± 1/4i (ciallaíonn ‘níos mó ná caoga’)
11. Devadaha-vagga (10 suttas)
12. Anupada-vagga (10 suttas)
13. Suññata-vagga (10 suttas)
14. Vibhaaga-vagga (12 sútha talún)
15. Sa1/4 ± yatana-vagga (10 suttas)
3. Sa1/2yutta-nik ± ya [2,904 (7,762) suttas; 56 sa 1/2 bliain; 5 vaggas; roinnte
i 6 leabhar]
(1) Sag ± thavagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (11 sa1/2yuttas)
(2) Nid ± navagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (10 1-2 bliain)
(3) Khandavagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (13 sa1/2yuttas)
(4) Sa1/4 ± yatanavagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (10 1-2 bliain)
(5) Mah ± vagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i Vol I (6 sa1/2yuttas)
(6) Mah ± vagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i Vol II (6 sa1/2yuttas)
4. Aaguttara-nik ± ya [9,557 suttas; in11 nip ± tas, nó grúpaí, socraithe amháin
uimhriúil; tá roinnt vaggas ag gach nip ± ta; 10 nó níos mó
gach vagga; 6 leabhar]
(1) Eka-Duka-Tika-nipata-p ± 1/4i (cinn, cúpla, trees)
(2) Catukka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (ceithre)
(3) Pañcaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (fives)
(4) Chakka-Sattaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (séú, seachtó)
(5) Aμμhaka-Navaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (eights, nines)
(6) Dasaka-Ekadasaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (deich, elevens)
5. Khuddaka-nik ± ya [koleksi buku-buku kecil, aneka kumpulan-
pekerjaan di 18 bagian utama; Ini termasuk sutta, kompilasi
catatan doktrin, sejarah, ayat, dan literatur komentar yang dimilikinya
telah dimasukkan ke dalam Tipiμaka itu sendiri; 12 buku]
(1) Kuddhakap ± tha, Dhammapada & Ud ± na-p ± 1/4i
1. Kuddhakap ± tha (sembilan formula dan sutta pendek, digunakan sebagai panduan latihan untuk
bhikkhu pemula)
2. Dhammapada (paling terkenal dari semua buku Tipiaka, koleksi 423
ayat dalam 26 vaggas)
3. Ud ± na (dalam 8 vaggas, 80 ucapan sukacita Sang Buddha, kebanyakan dalam ayat-ayat, dengan
beberapa laporan prosa tentang keadaan yang menimbulkan ucapan)
(2) Itivuttaka, Suttanip ± ta-p ± 1/4i
4. Itivuttaka (4 nip ± tas, 112 sutta, setiap awal, “iti vutta1/2 bhagavata” [demikianlah
dikatakan oleh Sang Buddha])
5. Suttanip ± ta (5 vaggas; 71 sutta, kebanyakan dalam ayat; mengandung banyak yang terbaik
Sutta Sang Buddha yang terkenal
(3) Vim ± navatthu, Petavatthu, Therag ± th ± & Therig ± th ± ± ± 1/4i
6. Vim ± navatthu (Vim ± na berarti mansion; 85 puisi dalam 7 vaggas tentang tindakan
jasa dan kelahiran kembali di alam surgawi)
7. Petavatthu (4 vaggas, 51 puisi yang menggambarkan makhluk menyedihkan [petas] lahir di Indonesia
keadaan yang tidak bahagia karena tindakan demeritorious mereka)
8. Therag ± th ± (ayat-ayat sukacita dan kegembiraan setelah pencapaian tingkat kesucian arahat dari 264
bhikkhu tua; 107 puisi, 1.279 g ± thas)
9. Therig ± th ± (sama seperti di atas, dari 73 suster tua, 73 puisi, 522 g ± thas)
(4) J ± taka-p ± 1/4i, Vol. saya
(5) J ± taka-p ± 1/4i, Vol II
10. J ± taka (cerita kelahiran Bodisatta sebelum kelahirannya sebagai Buddha Gotama; 547
cerita dalam ayat, terbagi menjadi nip ± ta sesuai dengan jumlah ayat yang dibutuhkan
ceritakan kisahnya. Cerita lengkap J ± taka sebenarnya ada dalam komentar J ± taka itu
jelaskan kisah dibalik ayat-ayat tersebut.
(6) Mah ± nidessa-p ± 1/4i
(7) C31/4anidessa-p ± 1/4i
11. Nidessa (komentar pada dua bagian Suttanip ± ta)
Mah ± nidessa: komentar pada 4 vagga
C31/4anidessa: komentar pada tanggal 5 vagga dan
Khaggavis ± oa sutta dari vagga pertama
(8) Paμisambhid ± magga-p ± 1/4i
12. Paμisambhid ± magga (sebuah analisis detail abhidhamma tentang Buddha
mengajar, ditarik dari semua bagian Vin ± ya dan Sutta Piμakas; tiga vaggas,
masing berisi sepuluh topik [kath ±])
(9) Apad ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol. saya
13. Apad ± na (kisah dalam ayat-ayat kehidupan terdahulu dari 550 bhikkhu dan 40 bhikkhuni)
(10) Apad ± na, Buddhava1/2sa & Cariy ± piμaka-p ± 1/4i
14. Buddhava1/2sa (sejarah para Buddha di mana Sang Buddha, sebagai jawaban atas a
pertanyaan dari Ven. Sariputta, menceritakan tentang pertapa Sumedha dan D2paakara
Buddha dan 24 Buddha berikutnya, termasuk Buddha Gotama.)
15. Cariy ± piμaka (35 cerita dari J ± taka disusun untuk menggambarkan sepuluh p ± ram2)
(11) Nettippakarana, Peμakopadesa-p ± 1/4i
16. Nettippakarana (risalah kecil yang menetapkan metode untuk menafsirkan dan menjelaskan-
teks kanonik
17. Peμakopadesa (risalah yang menjelaskan metode untuk menjelaskan dan memperluas
pengajaran Sang Buddha)
(12) Milindapañha-p ± 1/4i
18. Milinda-pañha (catatan pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh King Milinda dan
jawaban oleh Ven. Nagasena; Perdebatan ini berlangsung ca. 500 tahun setelah
mah ± parinibb ± na dari Sang Buddha)
Abhidhamma Piμaka
[Tujuh bagian eksposisi sistematis dan abstrak dari semua dhamma; dicetak di
12 buku]
1. Dhammasaagao2
(penghitungan dhamma)
(1) Dhammasaagao2-p ± 1/4i
2. Vibhaaga-p ± 1/42
(perbedaan atau analisis dhamma)
(2) Vibhaaga-p ± 1/42
3. Dh ± tukath ±
(diskusi tentang unsur; ketiga bagian ini membentuk trilogi itu
harus dicerna sebagai dasar untuk memahami Abhidhamma)
4. Puggalapaññatti
(sebutan individu; sepuluh bab: yang pertama berhubungan dengan single
individu, yang kedua dengan pasangan, yang ke-3 dengan kelompok tiga, dll.
(3) Dh ± tukath ± -Puggalapaññatti-p ± 1/42
5. Kath ± vatthu-p ± 1/42
(titik kontroversi atau pandangan salah; diskusikan poin yang diangkat dan
menetap di dewan ke-3, yang diadakan pada masa pemerintahan Aœoka, di Patna)
(4) Kath ± vatthu-p ± 1/42
6. Yamaka-p ± 1/42
(buku pasangan, penggunaan pasangan, pertanyaan yang berlawanan untuk menyelesaikan ambi-
kedok dan menentukan penggunaan istilah teknis yang tepat)
(5) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol I
(6) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol II
(7) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol III
7. Paμhh ± na
(buku hubungan; penjabaran dari skema 24 syarat
hubungan [paccaya] yang membentuk sistem pemahaman yang lengkap
Mekanisme seluruh alam semesta Dhamma)
(8) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol I
(9) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol II
(10) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol III
(11) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol IV
(12) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol V
(1) P ± r ± jika-p ± 1/4i Bhikku
p ± r ± jik ± (pengusiran) 4
saaghadises ± (pertemuan Sangha) 13
aniyat ± (tak tentu) 2
nissagiy ± p ± cittiy ± (pelepasan dengan penyitaan) 30
(2) P ± cittiya-p ± 1/4i
suddha p ± cittiy ± (pelepasan biasa) 92
p ± tidesaniy ± (pengakuan: makanan sedekah) 4
sekhiya (tentang etiket & kesopanan) 75
adhikaraoasamath ± (proses hukum) 7
(diakhiri dengan peraturan bhikkuni vinaya) ______
227Bhikkhuni
8
17
0
30
166
8
75
7
______
311
2. Khandaka [dhá leabhar rialacha agus nósanna imeachta]
(3) Tosaíonn Mah ± vagga-p ± 1/4i (10 alt [khandhakas] le cuntais stairiúla an
Soilsiú Buddha, na chéad díospóireachtaí agus fás luath na Sangha;
leagtar amach na rialacha seo a leanas a rialaíonn gníomhartha na Sangha:
1. rialacha maidir le ligean isteach san ordú (upasampad ±)
2. cruinniú uposatha agus aithris an p ± timokkha
3. cónaí i rith séasúr na báistí (vassa)
4. searmanas ag críochnú an vassa, ar a dtugtar pav ± rao ±
5. rialacha maidir le hairteagail gúna agus troscáin
6. leigheas agus bia
7. dáileadh bliantúil de róba (kaμhina)
8. Rialacha le haghaidh bikkhus tinn, codlata agus ábhar gúna
9. modh imeachtaí forghníomhaithe an Sangha
10. imeachtaí i gcásanna scéime
(4) C31/4avagga-p ± 1/4i (nó Cullavagga) (12 khandakas ag déileáil le rialacha breise agus próiseas-
dálaí le haghaidh gníomhartha nó feidhmeanna institiúideacha, ar a dtugtar saaghakamma:
1. Rialacha chun déileáil le cionta a thagann os comhair na Sangha
(saagh ± disesa)
2. nósanna imeachta chun bhikkhu a chur ar phromhadh
3. nósanna imeachta chun bikkhu a phlé le carnadh cionta
4. rialacha chun nósanna imeachta dlí a shocrú sa Sangha
5. misc. rialacha maidir le snámha, gúna, etc.
6. teaghaisí, troscán, lóistín, etc.
7. schisms
8. ranganna de bhikkhus agus dualgais múinteoirí agus neodóirí
9. eisiamh ón p ± timokkha
10. ordú agus treoir bhikkhunis
11. an chéad chomhairle ag R ± jagaha a áireamh
12. an 2ú chomhairle ag Ves ± li a áireamh
3. Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i [achoimre ar an vinaya, eagraithe mar a
catechism le haghaidh teagaisc agus scrúdaithe]
(5) Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i Freastalaíonn an cúigiú leabhar de vinaya mar chineál láimhe a chumasú don léitheoir
suirbhé anailíseach a dhéanamh ar an iomlán de Vinaya Piμaka.
https://sploid.gizmodo.com/the-uncanny-sound-illusion-that-…
The Uncanny Sound Illusion That Creates Suspense in Christopher Nolan’s Movies
Adam Clark Estes
7/27/17 10:36amFiled to: panic at the kino
111.1K
123
26
Gif source: YouTube / Vox
Ever notice how Christopher Nolan’s movies (Interstellar, Inception,
The Prestige) feel like an anxiety attack? Well, maybe that’s
overstating things a bit. But the director does have a knack for
creating an unnerving degree of tension. Turns out he’s using a little
bit of musical magic to do it.
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The magic is actually a science-based audio illusion called a Shepard
tone. Named after psychologist Roger Shepard, a pioneer in our
understanding of spatial relation, the effect sounds like an infinitely
ascending or descending scale. The tones are constantly moving upwards
or downwards, but they never seem to reach a pinnacle or nadir. This is
accomplished by stacking scales on top of each other—typically one
treble scale, one midrange, and one bass—with an octave in between, then
playing them in a continuous loop.
A Shepard tone is sometimes
referred to as the barber pole of sound. You can even see the
similarity, when you hear it and look at the spectrum view of a Shepard
tone. Don’t listen to this too long, or you might lose your mind:
Anyways, Christopher Nolan just loves this. With longtime collaborator
Hans Zimmer, the acclaimed director has used a Shepard tone in almost
every one of his films in the last decade. He even writes his scripts to
match the effect. In a recent interview, Nolan explained how he used
Shepard tones in his newest film, Dunkirk:
The screenplay had
been written according to musical principals. There’s an audio
illusion, if you will, in music called a “Shepard tone” and with my
composer David Julyan on “The Prestige” we explored that and based a lot
of the score around that. And it’s an illusion where there’s a
continuing ascension of tone. It’s a corkscrew effect. It’s always going
up and up and up but it never goes outside of its range. And I wrote
the script according to that principle. I interwove the three timelines
in such a way that there’s a continual feeling of intensity. Increasing
intensity. So I wanted to build the music on similar mathematical
principals.
Knowing this, you gain a deeper understanding of
films like Interstellar, Inception, and The Prestige. It also explains
why these films seem somehow inconclusive. A Shepard’s tone creates a
conflict that can’t be resolved, just like Nolan’s plots.
[Digg, Business Insider]
About the author
Adam Clark Estes
Senior editor at Gizmodo.
EmailTwitterPostsKeys
https://gizmodo.com/researchers-just-launched-a-prototype-o…
Researchers Just Launched a Prototype of Humanity’s First ‘Interstellar Spacecraft’
Last year, extraterrestrial exploration venture Breakthrough
Initiatives announced an ambitious plan to send tons of tiny spacecraft
to our nearest neighboring star system, Alpha Centauri. The project,
called Breakthrough Starshot, is focused on launching lightweight
‘nanocraft’ to the stars at rip-roaring speeds. Recently, the project took a big leap toward achieving its ultimate goal by successfully sending six test craft into Low Earth Orbit.
The tiny spacecraft, called “Sprites,” are just 3.5 centimeters on each
side and weigh about four grams. Aerospace engineer Zac Manchester, who
is leading the design on the Sprites, has been working on them for the
last 10 years.
“What we’ve
set out to do from the beginning is push the size limits of spacecraft,”
Manchester told Gizmodo. “The question was how small can we make a
satellite and still make it do something useful. One of the challenges
is how can you get enough power, and given the tiny power you can
harvest, how do you communicate back to Earth?”
Manchester and his
fellow researchers hope that eventually, mini spacecraft similar to the
Sprites—called StarChips—will be able to travel at 20% the speed of
light, which translates to about 37,000 miles per second. It would take a
spacecraft traveling at this speed less than seven seconds to reach the
Moon from Earth, according to Sky and Telescope.
Those are
speeds and distances no spacecraft of any size has gone before.
Currently, the farthest spacecraft ever built is NASA’s Voyager 1, which
launched in 1977, and only just reached Interstellar space a few years
back.
For now, the Sprites are chillin’ in Low Earth Orbit. They
launched on June 23rd on an Indian rocket called the Polar Satellite
Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Breakthrough Starshot anticipates that a second
satellite will release more soon.
Obviously, much more work needs
to be done before we get our hopes up about an interstellar voyage. But
for astrobiology nerds and tinfoil hat believers alike, the Sprites’
successful launch could be an important step toward finding life beyond
Earth.
“The distances are immense and it’s a big challenge,”
Manchester added. “We’re a long way out to the eventual goals [of
Breakthrough Starshot], but we’re setting the early precedent here.”
Spacecraft Everywhere
SpaceX to Fly a Recycled Spacecraft for the First Time Tonight
NASA Just Found a Lost Spacecraft Orbiting the Moon
Watch How a Beloved Spacecraft Will Die in Saturn’s Atmosphere
year, extraterrestrial exploration venture Breakthrough Initiatives
announced an ambitious plan to send tons of tiny spacecraft to our
nearest neighboring star…
schema mostra la pubblicazione di libri nell’edizione di Devan ±
gari-script del Tipiμaka Chaμμha Saag ± yana (Sesto Consiglio). I
nomi dei volumi sono visualizzati in corsivo con il suffisso “-p ±
1/4i” che indica che il volume fa parte della radice Tipiμaka, piuttosto
che la letteratura di commento. Questo schema elenca solo i volumi di root. in 23) inglese classico, Vinaya Piμaka (Tre divisioni, stampate in 5 libri) Sutta Vibhaaga [due libri contenenti regole per i bhikkhu e bhikkhunis, delineando otto classi di reati] Tipiμaka (tre “canestri”) Sutta Piμaka (Cinque nik ± yas o raccolte) Il Sutta Piṭaka contiene l’essenza dell’insegnamento del Buddha riguardo al Dhamma. Contiene più di diecimila sutta. È diviso in cinque raccolte chiamate Nikāyas (Una moltitudine, un
insieme, una collezione, una classe, un ordine, un gruppo,
un’associazione, una confraternita, una congregazione, una casa,
un’abitazione). Dīgha Nikāya
[dīgha: long] Il Dīgha Nikāya raccoglie 34 dei più lunghi discorsi pronunciati dal Buddha. Ci sono vari indizi che molti di essi sono aggiunte in ritardo al corpus originale e di autenticità discutibile. Majjhima Nikāya
[majjhima: medium] Il Majjhima Nikāya raccoglie 152 discorsi del Buddha di
durata intermedia, trattando questioni diverse. Saṃyutta Nikāya
[samyutta: gruppo] Il Saṃyutta Nikāya riunisce i sutta in base al loro soggetto in 56 sottogruppi chiamati saṃyuttas. Contiene oltre tremila discorsi di lunghezza variabile, ma generalmente relativamente brevi. Aṅguttara Nikāya
[aṅg: factor | uttara:
addizionale] L’Aṅguttara Nikāya è suddiviso in undici sottogruppi
chiamati nipātas, ognuno dei quali raccoglie discorsi costituiti da
enumerazioni di un fattore aggiuntivo rispetto a quelle del precedente
nipāta. Contiene migliaia di sutta che sono generalmente brevi. Khuddaka Nikāya
[khuddha: breve, piccolo] I testi brevi di Khuddhaka Nikāya ed è considerato come stato
composto da due strati: Dhammapada, Udāna, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipāta,
Theragāthā-Therīgāthā e Jātaka formano gli strati antichi, mentre altri
libri sono aggiunte tardive e la loro autenticità è più discutibile. Sutta Piμaka (Cinque nik ± yas o raccolte) 1. D2gha-nik ± ya [34 suttas; 3 vaggas, o capitoli (ciascuno un libro)]
(1) S2lakkhandavagga-p ± 1/4i (13 sutta)
(2) Mah ± vagga-p ± 1/4 (10 suthe)
(3) P ± μikavagga-p ± 1/4i (11 sutta) 2. Majjhima-nik ± ya [152 suttas; 15 vaggas; diviso in 3 libri,
5 vaggas ciascuno, noto come paoo ± sa (’cinquanta’)] (1) M3lapaoo ± ssa-p ± 1/4i (la ‘radice’ cinquanta)
1. M3lapariy ± yavagga (10 sutta)
2. S2han ± davagga (10 sutta)
3. Tatiyavagga (10 sutta) 4. Mah ± yamakavagga (10 sutta) 5. C31/4ayamakavagga (10 sutta)
(2) Majjhimapaoo ± sa-p ± 1/4i (il “medio” cinquanta) 6. Gahapati-vagga (10 sutta)
7. Bhikkhu-vagga (10 sutta)
8. Paribb ± jaka-vagga (10 sutta)
9. R ± ja-vagga (10 sutta) 10. Br ± hmana-vagga (10 sutta)
(3) Uparipaoo ± sa-p ± 1/4i (significa ‘più di cinquanta’) 11. Devadaha-vagga (10 sutta)
12. Anupada-vagga (10 sutta)
13. Suññata-vagga (10 sutta)
14. Vibhaaga-vagga (12 sutta)
15. Sa1/4 ± yatana-vagga (10 sutta) 3. Sa1/2yutta-nik ± ya [2.904 (7.762) sutta; 56 sa1/2yuttas; 5 vaggas; diviso
in 6 libri] (1) Sag ± thavagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (11 sa1/2yuttas)
(2) Nid ± navagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (10 sa1/2yuttas)
(3) Khandavagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (13 sa1/2yuttas)
(4) Sa1/4 ± yatanavagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (10 sa1/2yuttas)
(5) Mah ± vagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i Vol I (6 sa1/2yuttas)
(6) Mah ± vagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i Vol II (6 sa1/2yuttas) 4. Aaguttara-nik ± ya [9.557 sutta; in11 nip ± tas, o gruppi, disposti puramente
numericamente; ogni nip ta ha diversi vaggas; 10 o più passaggi in
ogni vagga; 6 libri] (1) Eka-Duka-Tika-nipata-p ± 1/4i (uno, due, tre)
(2) Catukka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (quattro)
(3) Pañcaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (cinque)
(4) Chakka-Sattaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (sixes, sevens) (5) Aμμhaka-Navaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (otto, nove)
(6) Dasaka-Ekadasaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (decine, undici)
ing di lavori in 18 sezioni principali; include sutta, compilation di
note dottrinali, storie, versi e letteratura commentaristica che ha
stato incorporato nello stesso Tipiμaka; 12 libri] (1) Kuddhakap ± tha, Dhammapada e Ud ± na-p ± 1/4i 1. Kuddhakap ± tha (nove formule corte e sutta, usate come manuale di addestramento per
novizio bhikkhus)
2. Dhammapada (il più famoso di tutti i libri del Tipiμaka, una raccolta di 423
versi in 26 vaghe) 3. Ud ± na (in 8 vaggas, 80 espressioni gioiose del Buddha, per lo più in versi, con alcuni racconti di prosa delle circostanze che hanno suscitato l’enunciazione) (2) Itivuttaka, Suttanip ± ta-p ± 1/4i
4. Itivuttaka (4 nip ± tas, 112 sutta, ogni inizio, “iti vutta1/2 bhagavata” [così fu
detto dal Buddha])
5. Suttanip ± ta (5 vaggas; 71 suttas, per lo più in versi; contiene molti dei migliori
conosciuti, i più popolari sutta del Buddha (3) Vim ± navatthu, Petavatthu, Therag ± th ± e Therig ± th ± -p ± 1/4i
6. Vim ± navatthu (Vim ± na significa dimora, 85 poesie in 7 vaggas su atti di
merito e rinascita nei regni celesti)
7. Petavatthu (4 vaggas, 51 poesie che descrivono gli esseri miseri [petas] nati a
stati infelici a causa dei loro atti demeritoriali)
8. Termine ± (versi di gioia e gioia dopo il conseguimento di Arahatship da 264
bhikkhu anziano; 107 poesie, 1.279 g ± thas)
9. Therig ± th ± (come sopra, da 73 suore anziane, 73 poesie, 522 g ± thas) (4) J ± taka-p ± 1/4i, Vol. io
(5) J ± taka-p ± 1/4i, Vol II 10. J ± taka (storie di nascita della Bodisatta prima della sua nascita come Buddha Gotama; 547
storie in versi, divise in nip ± ta in base al numero di versetti richiesti per
racconta la storia. Le storie piene di J ± taka sono in realtà nei commentari di J ± taka che
spiega la storia dietro i versi. (6) Mah ± nidessa-p ± 1/4i
(7) C31/4anidessa-p ± 1/4i 11. Nidessa (commento su due sezioni di Suttanip ± ta)
Mah ± nidessa: commento al 4 ° vagabondo
C31/4anidessa: commento sul 5 ° vagabondo e il Khaggavis ± oa sutta della 1a vagga
(8) Paμisambhid ± magga-p ± 1/4i 12. Paμisambhid ± magga (un’analisi dettagliata in stile abhidhamma del Buddha
insegnamento, tratto da tutte le parti del Vin ± ya e Sutta Piμakas; tre vaghe,
ciascuno contenente dieci argomenti [kath ±]) (9) Apad ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol. io
13. Apad ± na (racconti in versi delle precedenti vite di 550 bhikkhu e 40 bhikkhunis) (10) Apad ± na, Buddhava1/2sa e Cariy ± piμaka-p ± 1/4i 14. Buddhava1/2sa (la storia dei Buddha in cui il Buddha, in risposta a a
domanda dal Ven. Sariputta, racconta la storia dell’asceta Sumedha e D2paakara
Buddha e i 24 Buddha successivi, incluso il Buddha Gotama.)
15. Cariy ± piμaka (35 storie del J ± taka disposte per illustrare il dieci p ± ram2) (11) Nettippakarana, Peμakopadesa-p ± 1/4i 16. Nettippakarana (piccolo trattato che illustra i metodi per interpretare e spiegare
testi canonici)
17. Peμakopadesa (trattato che illustra i metodi per spiegare e ampliare il
insegnamento del Buddha) (12) Milindapañha-p ± 1/4i 18. Milinda-pañha (una registrazione delle domande poste dal re Milinda e il
risposte del Ven. Nagasena; questo dibattito ha avuto luogo ca. 500 anni dopo
mah ± parinibb ± na del Buddha) Abhidhamma Piμaka [Sette sezioni dell’esposizione sistematica e astratta di tutti i Dhammas; stampato in
12 libri] 1. Dhammasaagao2
(enumerazione dei Dhammas) (1) Dhammasaagao2-p ± 1/4i 2. Vibhaaga-p ± 1/42
(distinzione o analisi dei Dhammas) (2) Vibhaaga-p ± 1/42 3. Dh ± tukath ±
(discussione di elementi, queste prime tre sezioni formano una trilogia
deve essere digerito come base per comprendere l’Abhidhamma) 4. Puggalapaññatti
(designazione di singoli individui, dieci capitoli: il primo riguarda il singolo
individui, il 2 ° con coppie, il 3 ° con gruppi di tre, ecc. (3) Dh ± tukath ± -Puggalapaññatti-p ± 1/42 5. Kath ± vatthu-p ± 1/42
(punti di polemica o visione errata, discute i punti sollevati e
stabilito al 3 ° consiglio, tenutosi al tempo del regno di Aœoka, a Patna) (4) Kath ± vatthu-p ± 1/42 6. Yamaka-p ± 1/42
(libro di coppie, un uso di domande accoppiate, opposte per risolvere ambi-
responsabilità e definire l’uso preciso dei termini tecnici) (5) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol I
(6) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol II
(7) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol III 7. Paμμh ± na
(libro di relazioni, l’elaborazione di uno schema di 24 condizionale
relazioni [paccaya] che forma un sistema completo per la comprensione
la meccanica dell’intero universo del Dhamma) (8) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol I
(9) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol II
(10) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol III
(11) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol IV
(12) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol V (1) P ± r ± jika-p ± 1/4i Bhikku
p ± r ± jik ± (espulsione) 4
saaghadises ± (incontri del Sangha) 13
aniyat ± (indeterminato) 2
nissagiy ± p ± cittiy ± (espiazione con decadenza) 30 (2) P ± cittiya-p ± 1/4i
suddha p ± cittiy ± (espiazione ordinaria) 92
p ± tidesaniy ± (confession re: elemosina alimentare) 4
sekhiya (riguardante l’etichetta e il decoro) 75
adhikaraoasamath ± (processo legale) 7 (si conclude con le regole di bhikkuni vinaya) ______
227
17
0
30 166
8
75
7
______
311 2. Khandaka [due libri di regole e procedure]
(3) Mah ± vagga-p ± 1/4i (10 sezioni [khandhakas]; inizia con i racconti storici del L’illuminazione del Buddha, i primi discorsi e la crescita iniziale del Sangha;
delinea le seguenti regole che regolano le azioni del Sangha:
1. regole per l’ammissione all’ordine (upasampad ±)
2. la riunione di uposatha e il recital del p ± timokkha 3. residenza durante la stagione delle piogge (vassa)
4. cerimonia che conclude la vassa, chiamata pav ± rao ±
5. regole per gli articoli di abbigliamento e mobili
6. medicine e cibo
7. distribuzione annuale delle vesti (kaμhina)
8. regole per il bhikkhu malato, il sonno e il materiale da vestire
9. modalità di esecuzione degli atti del Sangha
10. procedimenti in caso di scisma (4) C31/4avagga-p ± 1/4i (o Cullavagga) (12 khandaka che si occupano di ulteriori regole e procedure
dura per atti o funzioni istituzionali, noto come saaghakamma:
1. regole per affrontare i reati che precedono il Sangha
(± disesa saagh) 2. procedure per mettere un bhikkhu in libertà vigilata
3. procedure per affrontare l’accumulo di reati da parte di un bhikkhu
4. regole per la risoluzione delle procedure legali nel Sangha
5. misc. regole per fare il bagno, vestirsi, ecc.
6. abitazioni, mobili, alloggio, ecc.
7. scismi
8. classi di bhikkhu e doveri di insegnanti e novizi
9. esclusione dal p ± timokkha
10. l’ordinazione e l’istruzione del bhikkhunis
11. resoconto del 1 ° Consiglio di R ± jagaha
12. resoconto del 2 ° consiglio a Ves ± li 3. Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i [un sommario del vinaya, organizzato come a
catechismo per istruzione ed esame] (5) Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i Il quinto libro di vinaya serve come una sorta di manuale che consente al lettore
fare un’indagine analitica sull’intero Vinaya Piμaka.
https://jalopnik.com/see-all-360-degrees-of-a-900-horsepowe…
See All 360 Degrees Of A 900 Horsepower Truck Jumping 379 Feet Over A Ghost Town
Last year, Bryce Menzies set a new world record for the longest
off-road truck jump using a modified 900-horsepower Pro2 truck. The
resulting 379.4-foot jump not only smashed the old record—it also looked
ridiculously cool. Now you can poke around the footage of that jump
captured with a 360-degree camera.
Indulge in a few glorious slow-mos
of the truck flying over the “ghost town” set. I can spend way too much
time with these looking at every conceivable angle of something, but
I’ll leave it up to you to figure out your favorite view.
While this jump was successful, Menzies actually broke his shoulder on
an attempt to smash his newly set 379.4-foot record. Ouch. Still,
getting a record and trying to achieve an even crazier jump right
afterwards is the kind of insanity I can appreciate.
Send It
Watch A Truck Jump 379 Feet Across A Ghost Town, A Totally Pointless But Awesome World Record
Racing Onboards On 360-Degree Cameras Are The Ultimate Time Waster
How To Get A Truck To Basically Fly With Only A Few Mods
year, Bryce Menzies set a new world record for the longest off-road
truck jump using a modified 900-horsepower Pro2 truck. The resulting
379.4-foot jump not only…
[dīgha：long]DīghaNikāyaは、仏によって与えられた最長の談話の34を集めます。それらの多くが元のコーパスに遅れて追加され、疑わしい真正性があるという様々なヒントがあります。 マジジマニャヤ
[majjhima：medium] MajjhimaNikāyaは、仏教の152の談話を集めます。
中間の長さ、多様な問題に対処する。 SaṃyuttaNikāya
[sjyututta：group]SaṃyuttaNikāyaはsautyutasと呼ばれる56のサブグループで、主題に従ってsuttaを集めます。それは可変長の3千以上の談話を含んでいますが、一般に比較的短いです。 AṅguttaraNikāya
[aṅg：factor | uttara：additionnal]AṅguttaraNikāyaは、nipātasと呼ばれる11のサブグループに細分されています。それぞれのグループは、先行するniptaのものと比較して1つの追加因子の列挙からなる談話を集めています。これは、一般的に短いsuttaが何千も含まれています。 クッドダカ・ニカヤ
[khuddha：short、small] KhuddhakaNikāyaの短いテキストで、
Dhammapada、Udāna、Itivuttaka、SuttaNipāta、Theragāthā-TherīgāthāとJātakaの2つのストラタで構成されています。 スッタピミカ （5 nik±yas、またはコレクション） 1. D2gha-nik±ya [34 suttas; 3つのバガス、または章（それぞれの本）
（1）S2lakkhandavagga-p±1/4i（13 suttas）
（2）Mah±vagga-p±1 / 4i（10 suttas）
（3）P±μikavagga-p±1 / 4i（11個） 2. Majjhima-nik±ya [152 suttas; 15 vaggas; 3冊の本に分かれて、
paoo±sa（ ‘fifty’）]として知られる5つのバガス （1）M3lapaoo±ssa-p±1/4i（ ‘root’ 50）
1. M3lapariy±yavagga（10 suttas）
2. S2han±davagga（10羽）
タチヤヴァガ（タタヤヴァガ10点） 4. Mah±yamakavagga（10 suttas） 5. C31 /ヤマカバガ（10羽）
（2）Majjhimapaoo±sa-p±1/4i（’50年代中期） Gahapati-vagga（10 suttas）
7. Bhikkhu-vagga（10 suttas）
8. Paribb±jaka-vagga（10 suttas）
9. R±ja-vagga（10 suttas） 10. Br±hmana-vagga（10 suttas）
（3）Uparipaoo±sa-p±1/4i（50以上を意味する） 11. Devadaha-vagga（10 suttas）
12.アンパダ・ヴァーガ（10頭）
13.Suññata-vagga（10 suttas）
14. Vibhaaga-vagga（12 suttas）
15. Sa1 / 4 + yatana-vagga（10 suttas） 3. Sa1 / 2yuta-nik±ya [2,904（7,762）suttas; 56 sa1/2yuttas; 5バガス;分割された
6冊目に] （1）Sag±thavagga-sa1 / 2yutta-p±1 / 4i（11σ1/ 2yutas）
（2）Nid±navagga-sa1/2yutta-p±1/4i（10 sa1 / 2yuttas）
（3）Khandavagga-sa1/2yutta-p±1/4i（13 sa1/2ututas）
（4）Sa1 / 4±yatanavagga-sa1 / 2yutta-p±1 / 4i（10σ1/ 2yutta）
（5）Mah±vagga-sa1 / 2yutta-p±1/4i Vol I（6 sa1 / 2yutas）
（6）Mah±vagga-sa1 / 2yutta-p±1 / 4i Vol II（6 sa1 / 2yutas） 4. Aaguttara-nik±ya [9,557 suttas; in11ニップ±tas、またはグループ、純粋に配置
数値的に;各ニップ±taはいくつかのバガスを有する。 10以上のsuttas
各バグ; 6冊] （1）Eka-Duka-Tika-nipata-p±1/4i（1、2、3）
（2）Catukka-nipata-p±1/4i（fours）
（3）Pañcaka-nipata-p±1/4i（fives）
（4）Chakka-Sattaka-nipata-p±1/4i（sixes、sevens） （5）Aμμhaka-Navaka-nipata-p±1 / 4i（eights、nines）
（6）Dasaka-Ekadasaka-nipata-p±1/4i（数十、高）
18のメインセクションでの作品の制作。それはsuttas、
教義ノート、歴史、詩、および解説文
Tipiμaka自体に組み込まれています。 12冊] （1）Kuddhakap±tha、Dhammapada＆Ud±na-p±1/4i 1. Kuddhakap±tha（9つの短い式とsuttas、トレーニングマニュアルとして使用される
初心者ビックフック）
2. Dhammapada（最も有名なTipiμakaの書籍; 423のコレクション
26のヴァーガの詩） 3. Ud±na（8つのヴァーガス、仏の80の楽しい発言、主に詩で、 発話を誘発した状況の散文の一部） （2）Itivuttaka、Suttanip±ta-p±1/4i
4. Itivuttaka（4ニップ±tas、112 suttas、それぞれの開始、 “iti vutta1 / 2 bhagavata” [そうだった
仏が言った]）
5. Suttanip±ta（5つのバガス;主に詩では71の吹奏楽;
知られている、最も人気のある仏陀の仏 （3）Vim±navatthu、Petavatthu、Therag±th±＆thrig±th±-p±1/4i
6. Vim±navatthu（Vim±naは大邸宅を意味し、85の詩は7つのVaggasで
天空界におけるメリットと再生）
7. Petavatthu（4つのvaggas、51の詩は生まれた悲惨な存在を描いています。
彼らの有害な行為による不幸な状態）
8. Therag±th±（264からのアラハーティー達成後の喜びと喜びの詩
高齢者ビックフス; 107詩、1,279g±thas）
9. Therig±th±（上記と同じ73人の老婦人から73詩、522 g±thas） （4）J±taka-p±1 / 4i、Vol。私
（5）J±taka-p±1/4i、Vol II 10. J±taka（Gotama Buddhaとしての誕生前のBodisattaの誕生物語; 547
詩の話は、必要な節の数に応じてニップ±taに分かれています
物語を語る。完全なJ±タカの物語は実際には
詩の背後にある物語を説明してください。 （6）Mah±nidessa-p±1 / 4i
（7）C31 / 4nidessa-p±1 / 4i 11. Nidessa（Suttanip±taの2つのセクションの解説）
Mah±nidessa：第4バガの解説
C31/4anidessa：第5バガの解説と 第一ヴァガのハガビーズ・オー・スッタ
（8）±magga-p±1 / 4i 12.パミシズム・マグガ（abhidhammaスタイルの仏陀の詳細な分析
Vin + yaとSuttaPiμakasのすべての部分から引き出された教授法、 3つのバガス、
それぞれ10のトピック[kath±]を含む） （9）Apad±na-p±1 / 4i、Vol。私
13. Apad±na（550ビックフスと40ビックフニの旧生活詩の話） （10）Apad±na、Buddhava1 / 2sa＆Cariy±piμaka-p±1/4i 14. Buddhava1 / 2sa（仏陀の歴史、仏陀が
Venからの質問。サリプッタは、怒ったSumedhaとD2paakaraの話を伝えている
仏陀と後藤24仏陀、五反仏を含む）
15. Cariy±piμaka（J±takaからの35のストーリーが10 p±ram2を説明するように配置されている） （11）Nettippakarana、Peμakopadesa-p±1/4i 16. Nettippakarana（解釈と説明のための方法を設定する小さな論文）
標準テキスト）
17. Peakakopadesa（論文を説明し、拡張するための方法を設定する論文
仏教の教え） （12）Milindapañha-p±1/4i 18.ミリンダ・パハ（Milinda-pañha）（ミリンダ王が提出した質問の記録
答えはVen。 Nagasena;この議論はca。 500年後
mah±parinibb±仏のna） アビダママ・ピッマカ [すべてのダマスマの系統的で抽象的な解説の7つのセクション;印刷された
12冊] 1. Dhammasaagao2
（dhammasの列挙） （1）Dhammasaagao2-p±1 / 4i 2. Vibhaaga-p±1/42
（dhammasの区別または分析） （2）Vibhaaga-p±1/42 3.Dh±tukath±
（要素の議論;これらの最初の3つのセクションは、
Abhidhammaを理解するための基礎として消化されなければならない） 4.Puggalapaññatti
（個人の指定、10の章：1つ目の単一の扱い
ペアで2番目、3番目で3番目のグループなど （3）Dh±tukath±-Puggalapaññatti-p±1/42 5.Kath±vatthu-p±1/42
（議論のポイントや間違った意見;
パトナでアオカオの治世の時に開催された第3の評議会で解決した） （4）Kath±vatthu-p±1/42 6. Yamaka-p±1/42
（ペアの本;ペアを組んで、反対の質問を使用して、
技術用語の正確な使用法を定義する） （5）Yamaka-p±1/42、Vol I
（6）Yamaka-p±1/42、Vol II
（7）Yamaka-p±1/42、Vol III 7.Paμμh±na
（関係の本;条件付き24のスキームの精緻化
理解のための完全なシステムを形成する関係[paccaya]
ダムマの全宇宙の力学） （8）Paμμh±na-p±1/4i、Vol I
（9）Paμμh±na-p±1/4i、Vol II
（10）Paμμh±na-p±1/4i、Vol III
（11）Paμμh±na-p±1/4i、Vol IV
（12）Paμμh±na-p±1/4i、Vol V （1）P±r±jika-p±1/4i Bhikku
p±r±jik±（追放）4
サガハイズ±（サンガの会議）13
アニメ±（不確定）2
nissagiy±p±cittiy±（失効による寛解）30 （2）P±シチヤ-p±1 / 4i
suddha p±cittiy±（通常の寛解）92
p±tidesaniy±（告白：援助食品）4
セキヤ（エチケット＆礼拝祭について）75
adhikaraoasamath±（法的手続き）7 （bhikkuni vinayaの規則で締めくくります）______
227
17
0
30 166
8
75
7
______
311 2.カンダカ[規則と手順の2冊]
（3）Mah±vagga-p±1/4i（10セクション[khandhakas]; 仏の啓蒙、最初の談話とサンガの初期の成長;
サンガの行動を支配する以下のルールを概説しています：
1.受注規則（upasampad±）
2. uposatha会議とp±timokkhaのリサイタル 3.雨季の住居（vassa）
4.式典は、pav±ラオ±と呼ばれるvassaを締結する
5.ドレスと家具の記事の規則
6.薬と食品
7.年配の衣服（カウミナ）
8.ビックフック、睡眠、衣服のルール
サンガの手続を実行するモード
10.分裂の場合の手続 （4）C31 / 4avagga-p±1 / 4i（またはCullavagga）（さらなる規則および手続きを扱う12人の手紙。
「saaghakamma」と呼ばれる制度上の行為または機能のためのもの
1.サンワの前に来る犯罪に対処するための規則
（saagh±disesa） 保護観察にビクフを付ける手続き
ビックフックによる犯罪の蓄積に対処するための手続き
4.サンワにおける法的手続きの決着に関する規則
5.その他入浴、服装などの規則
6.住居、家具、宿泊施設など
7.分裂
8.ビックフックのクラスと教師と初心者の義務
9. p±timokkhaからの除外
10.ビックフニスの聖職授与と指導
11. R±jagahaの第1審議会の説明
第二審議会の報告書Ves±li 3. Pariv±ra-p±1/4i [vinayaのまとめ、
指導と試験のための教え方] （5）Pariv±ra-p±1/4i vinayaの5番目の本は読者のためのマニュアルの一種である
VinayaPiμaka全体の分析的調査を行う。
sajroning volume ditampilake miring kanthi ujung-ujung “-p ± 1/4i” sing
nuduhake volume yaiku bagian saka Tipiμaka, tinimbang komentar sastra. Ringkesan iki mung nampilake volume oyot. ing 23) Klasik Inggris, Vinaya Piμaka (Tiga bagean, dicithak ing 5 buku) Sutta Vibhaaga [rong buku sing nduweni aturan kanggo para bhikkhu lan bhikkhunis, sing ngemot wolung kelas nyinggung] Tipiμaka (telu “keranjang”) Sutta Piμaka (Limang nik ± yas, utawa koleksi) The Sutta Piṭaka ngandhut inti saka ajaran Buddha babagan Dhamma. Isine luwih saka sepuluh ewu sutta. Babagan iki dibagi dadi lima koleksi sing disebut Nikāya (wong akeh,
kumpulan, kumpulan, urutan, kelompok, asosiasi, fraternity, jemaah,
omah, omah). Dīgha Nikāya
[dīgha: long] Dīgha Nikāya nglumpukake 34 wacana sing paling dawa saka Sang Buddha. Ana macem-macem pitunjuk sing akèh sing tambahan ing pungkasan korpus asli lan bisa ditélakaké minangka keaslian. Majjhima Nikāya
[Majjhima: medium] Majjhima Nikāya nglumpukaké 152 wacana Budha saka
dawa intermediate, dealing karo macem-macem prakara. Saṃyutta Nikāya
[samyutta: group] The Saṃyutta Nikāya nglumpukaké suttas miturut subyek ing 56 subkumpulan disebut saṃyuttas. Ngemot luwih saka telung ewu wacana dawa variabel, nanging umume relatif singkat. Aṅguttara Nikāya
[rongga: faktor | utamané:
Nikodia Aṅguttara subdivized ing sebelas sub-kelompok sing disebut
nipātas, saben wong ngumpulaké wacana sing ana sajroning enumerasi salah
sawijining faktor tambahan ing antarané nipāta precedent. Ngemot ribuan suttas sing biasane cendhak. Khuddaka Nikāya
[khuddha: short, small] Khuddhaka Nikāya cendhak lan dianggep minangka
dumadi saka rong stratas: Dhammapada, Udāna, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipāta,
Theragāthā-Therīgāthā lan Jātaka mbentuk strata kuna, déné buku-buku
liya minangka tambahan pungkasan lan keasliané luwih dipecat. Sutta Piμaka (Limang nik ± yas, utawa koleksi) 1. D2gha-nik ± ya [34 suttas; 3 vaggas, utawa bab (saben buku)]
(1) S2lakkhandavagga-p ± 1/4i (13 suttas)
(2) Mah ± vagga-p ± 1/4i (10 suttas)
(3) P ± μikavagga-p ± 1/4i (11 suttas) 2. Majjhima-nik ± ya [152 suttas; 15 vaggas; dipérang dadi 3 buku,
5 vaggas saben, dikenal minangka paoo ± sa (’sèket’)] (1) M3lapaoo ± ssa-p ± 1/4i (’root’ sèket)
1. M3lapariy ± yavagga (10 suttas)
2. S2han ± davagga (10 suttas)
3. Tatiyavagga (10 suttas) 4. Mah ± yamakavagga (10 suttas) 5. C31 / 4ayamakavagga (10 suttas)
(2) Majjhimapaoo ± sa-p ± 1/4i (tengah ‘lima puluh) 6. Gahapati-vagga (10 suttas)
7. Bhikkhu-vagga (10 suttas)
8. Paribb ± jaka-vagga (10 suttas)
9. R ± ja-vagga (10 suttas) 10. Br ± hmana-vagga (10 suttas)
(3) Uparipaoo ± sa-p ± 1/4i (tegese ‘luwih saka sèket’) 11. Nuduhake-vagga (10 suttas)
12. Anupada-vagga (10 suttas)
13. Suññata-vagga (10 suttas)
14. Vibhaaga-vagga (12 suttas)
15. Sa1 / 4 ± yatana-vagga (10 suttas) 3. Sa1 / 2yutta-nik ± ya [2,904 (7,762) suttas; 56 sa1 / 2yuttas; 5 wong; dipérang
menyang 6 buku] (1) Sag ± thavagga-sa1 / 2yutta-p ± 1/4i (11 sa1 / 2yuttas)
(2) Nid ± navagga-sa1 / 2yutta-p ± 1/4i (10 sa1 / 2yuttas)
(3) Khandavagga-sa1 / 2yutta-p ± 1/4i (13 sa1 / 2yuttas)
(4) Sa1 / 4 ± yatanavagga-sa1 / 2yutta-p ± 1/4i (10 sa1 / 2yuttas)
(5) Mah ± vagga-sa1 / 2yutta-p ± 1/4i Vol I (6 sa1 / 2yuttas)
(6) Mah ± vagga-sa1 / 2yutta-p ± 1/4i Vol II (6 sa1 / 2yuttas) 4. Aaguttara-nik ± ya [9,557 suttas; in11 nip ± tas, utawa kelompok, disusun murni
sacara numerik; saben nip ± ta duwe sawetara vaggas; 10 utawa luwih suttas ing
saben vagga; 6 buku] (1) Eka-Duka-Tika-nipata-p ± 1/4i (sing, loro, telu)
(2) Catukka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (fours)
(3) Pañcaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (fives)
(4) Chakka-Sattaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (sixes, sevens) (5) Aμμhaka-Navaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (eights, nines)
(6) Dasaka-Ekadasaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (puluhan, elevens)5. Khuddaka-nik ± ya [koleksi buku-buku cilik, macem-
ing karya ing 18 bagean utama; kalebu suttas, kompilasi
cathetan doktrinal, sejarah, ayat, lan katerangan komentar sing wis ana
wis digabung dadi Tipiμaka dhewe; 12 buku] (1) Kuddhakap ± tha, Dhammapada & ud ± na-p ± 1/4i 1. Kuddhakap ± tha (sangang wangun cekak lan suttas, digunakake minangka manual latihan kanggo
novice bhikkhus)
2. Dhammapada (paling misuwur kabeh buku Tipiμaka; koleksi 423
ayat ing 26 basa) 3. Ud ± na (ing 8 vaggas, 80 utamane Sang Buddha, akeh ing ayat, kanthi sawetara akun prosa saka kahanan sing narik kawigaten kasebut) (2) Itivuttaka, Suttanip ± ta-p ± 1/4i
4. Itivuttaka (4 nip ± tas, 112 suttas, saben awal, “iti vutta1 / 2 bhagavata” [mangkono
ngandika dening Buddha])
5. Suttanip ± ta (5 vaggas; 71 suttas, utamane ing ayat; ngandhut akeh sing paling apik
dikenal minangka sutta paling populer Buddha (3) Vim ± navatthu, Petavatthu, Therag ± th ± & Therig ± th ± -p ± 1/4i
6. Vim ± navatthu (Vim ± na tegese mansion; 85 puisi ing 7 vaggas babagan aksi
merit lan rebirth ing alam swarga)
7. Petavatthu (4 vaggas, 51 puisi sing njlèntrèhaké makhluk kang dakkirimaké [petas] lair ing
ora nyenengake amarga owah-owahane tumrap dheweke.
8. Therag ± th ± (ayat-ayat saka kegembiraan lan bungahake nalika nampa arahatship saka 264
pinter bhikkhu; 107 puisi, 1,279 g ± thas)
9. Therig ± th ± (padha kaya ing ndhuwur, saka 73 biarawati, 73 puisi, 522 g ± thas) (4) J ± taka-p ± 1/4i, Vol. Aku
(5) J ± taka-p ± 1/4i, Vol II 10. J ± taka (crita cekak saka Bodisatta sadurunge miyos minangka Gotama Budha; 547
crita ing ayat, dibagi dadi nip ± ta miturut jumlah ayat sing dibutuhake
nyritakake critane. Kisah-kisah penuh J ± taka bener-bener ana ing komentar-komentar J ± taka
Nerangake crita konco-konco. (6) Mah ± nidessa-p ± 1/4i
(7) C31 / 4anidessa-p ± 1/4i 11. Nidessa (katrangan ing rong bagean saka Suttanip ± ta)
Mah ± nidessa: komentar ing vagga kaping 4
C31/4anidessa: pangandikan ing vagga ke-5 lan the Khaggavis ± o sutta saka vagga 1st
(8) Paμisambhid ± magga-p ± 1/4i 12. Paμisambhid ± magga (analisis rinci kanthi gaya abhidharma saka Buddha
ngajar, ditarik saka kabeh bagian saka Vin ¨ ya lan Sutta Piμakas; telung sasi,
saben isi sepuluh topik [kath ±] (9) Apad ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol. Aku
13. Apad ± na (kisah-kisah sajroning ayat-ayat urip mandhiri 550 bhikkhu lan 40 bhikkhunis) (10) Apad ± na, Buddhava1/2sa & Cariy ± piμaka-p ± 1/4i 14. Buddhava1 / 2sa (sajarah Buddha kang Buddha, njawab a
Pitakonan saka Ven. Sariputta, nyritakake critane Sumedha lan D2paakara
Buddha lan 24 Buddha sing diganti, kalebu Buddha Gotama.)
15. Cariy ± piμaka (35 carita saka J ± taka diatur kanggo nggambarake sepuluh p ram2) (11) Nettippakarana, Peμakopadesa-p ± 1/4i 16. Nettippakarana (risalah cilik ngandharake cara kanggo interpretasi lan njelasake-
ing teks kanonik)
17. Peμakopadesa (treatise setting out methods for explaining and expanding the
ajaran Buddha) (12) Milindapañha-p ± 1/4i 18. Milinda-pañha (cathetan saka pitakonan sing ditimbali dening Raja Milinda lan
jawaban saka Ven. Nagasena; debat iki kedadeyan ca. 500 taun sawisé
mah ± parinibb ± na of the Buddha) Abhidhamma Piμaka [Tujuh bagean saka eksposisi abstrak sistematis, kabeh; dicithak ing
12 buku] 1. Dhammasaagao2
(cacahing dhammas) (1) Dhammasaagao2-p ± 1/4i 2. Vibhaaga-p ± 1/42
(bédané utawa analisis dhammas) (2) Vibhaaga-p ± 1/42 3. Dh ± tukath ±
(diskusi unsur; iki telung bagean iki mbentuk trilogi sing
kudu dicerna minangka basis kanggo mangerteni Abhidhamma) 4. Puggalapaññatti
(sebutan individu; sepuluh bab: sing kaping dealing karo siji
individu, 2 karo pasangan, 3 karo kelompok telu, lan liya-liyane. (3) Dh ± tukath ± -Puggalapaññatti-p ± 1/42 5. Kath ± vatthu-p ± 1/42
(titik-titik kontroversi utawa salah tampilan; mbahas nilai-nilai sing diajarke lan
ditetepake ing Dhéwan kaping 3, dianakaké nalika jaman Aœoka, ing Patna) (4) Kath ± vatthu-p ± 1/42 6. Yamaka-p ± 1/42
(buku pasang-pasangan; nggunakake pasangan, pitakonan sing nentang kanggo ngatasi ambi-
guities lan nemtokake panggunaan istilah tèknis sing tepat) (5) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol I
(6) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol II
(7) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol III 7. Paμμh ± na
(buku hubungan; elaborasi skema 24 kondisional
hubungan [paccaya] sing mbentuk sistem sing lengkap kanggo pangerten
mekanika saka kabeh alam semesta saka Dhamma) (8) Paμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol I
(9) Paμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol II
(10) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol III
(11) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol IV
(12) Paμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol V (1) P ± r ± jika-p ± 1 / 4i Bhikku
p ± r ± jik ± (expulsion) 4
saaghadises ± (rapat-rapat Sangha) 13
aniyat ± (indeterminate) 2
nissagiy ± p ± cittiy ± (expiation with forfeiture) 30 (2) P ± cittiya-p ± 1/4i
suddha p ± cittiy ± (biasa pengalihan) 92
p ± tidesaniy ± (confession re: alms food) 4
sekhiya (bab etika & sopan santun) 75
adhikaraoasamath ± (proses hukum) 7 (diakhiri karo bhikkuni vinaya rules) ______
227
17
0
30 166
8
75
7
______
311 2. Khandaka [rong buku aturan lan tata cara]
(3) Mah ± vagga-p ± 1/4i (10 bagean [khandhakas]; diwiwiti karo akun sajarah saka Pencerahan Buddha, wacana pisanan lan pangembangan wiwitan Sangha;
njelasaké aturan ing ngisor iki sing ngatur tindakan Sangha:
1. aturan kanggo diakoni supaya (upasampad ±)
2. patemon uposatha lan pandhangan saka p ± timokkha 3. panggonan ing mangsa udan (vassa)
4. upacara rampung vassa, disebut pav ± rao ±
5. aturan kanggo busana lan perabot
6. obat lan pangan
7. distribusi taunan jubah (kaμhina)
8. aturan kanggo bhikkhu sing lara, materi turu lan jubah
9. mode ngleksanakake prosesi saka Sangha
10. Tindakan ing kasus pemisahan (4) C31 / 4avagga-p ± 1/4i (utawa Cullavagga) (12 khandakas dealing with rules further and proce-
dures kanggo tumindak utawa fungsi institusi, dikenal minangka saaghakamma:
1. aturan kanggo ngatasi kesalahan sing teka sadurunge Sangha
(saagh ± disesa) 2. tata cara kanggo nyisipake bhikkhu ing wektu pacoban
3. tata cara ngurus akumulasi kesalahan dening bhikkhu
4. aturan kanggo penyelesaian prosedur hukum ing Sangha
5. misc. aturan kanggo bathing, sugih, lan liya-liyane.
6. dwellings, furniture, lodging, etc.
7. pemisahan
8. kelas bhikkhu lan tugas guru & novis
9. pangecualian saka p ± timokkha
10. pentas lan instruksi bhikkhunis
11. akun dewan 1 ing R ± jagaha
12. akun dewan kaping 2 ing Ves ± li 3. Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i [ringkasan saka vinaya, disusun minangka
catechism kanggo instruction and examination] (5) Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i Buku kaping lima saka vinaya minangka piranti manual sing mbisakake maca
kanggo nggawe survey analitik saka sakabehe Vinaya Piμaka.
https://ytkenobi.appspot.com/page/lesson/spherical-video
Lesson: Introduction to 360-degree video and virtual reality
360-degree video (360) and virtual reality (VR) are hot topics–but
what are they and how do they work? Learn why 360 and VR are changing
how video is watched and produced.
360-degree video and virtual reality: a new landscape
Popular types of 360-degree and virtual reality video
Is shooting in 360-degrees right for you?
Try it
Search for 360 videos on YouTube and watch a few. If you have a VR
viewing device, like Google Cardboard, search for and watch one or two
videos in virtual reality. If you don’t have one, try searching on
Google for how to find one. What do you like most about each type of
viewing experience?
View several types of 360 videos and see
which ones interest you, affect you emotionally. Create a playlist of
your favorite ones and share with your community.
Consider the three key questions in the final section and determine if 360/VR might be something you explore.
Check your knowledge
What is the main difference between a 360-degree and virtual reality video?
VR has music in the background at all times.
You always see the camera operator when shooting in 360.
VR requires you cover your field of vision in order to view.
360 requires you to cover your eyes in order to view.
What devices can you use to view videos in 360?
A head-mounted display only.
Your mobile device or desktop, sometimes a head-mounted display and Google Cardboard.
Your mouse and Google Cardboard only.
Your phone only.
Spherical videos are meant to be watched at the movies.
True.
False.
1
2
3
Give feedback
Check your knowledge
What is the main difference between a 360-degree and virtual reality video?
VR has music in the background at all times.
You always see the camera operator when shooting in 360.
VR requires you cover your field of vision in order to view.
360 requires you to cover your eyes in order to view.
What devices can you use to view videos in 360?
A head-mounted display only.
Your mobile device or desktop, sometimes a head-mounted display and Google Cardboard.
Your mouse and Google Cardboard only.
Your phone only.
Spherical videos are meant to be watched at the movies.
True.
False.
video (360) and virtual reality (VR) are hot topics–but what are they
and how do they work? Learn why 360 and VR are changing how video is
watched and…
https://ytkenobi.appspot.com/page/course/360video?hl=en
360-degree video and virtual reality on YouTube
360-degree video and virtual reality are changing how audiences can
experience video. This course will get you acquainted with this new
technology, help you decide whether producing videos in 360 is right for
your channel and offer some tips to get started.
What we’ll cover:
Lesson 1
Introduction to 360-degree video and virtual reality
360-degree video (360) and virtual reality (VR) are hot topics–but
what are they and how do they work? Learn why 360 and VR are changing
how video is watched and produced.
Lesson 2
Shooting in 360-degrees
Producing 360-degree and virtual reality videos can be
exciting–but also a little complicated because you’re using a camera
with multiple lenses. Try out these suggestions for a more successful
shoot!
Start course
video and virtual reality are changing how audiences can experience
video. This course will get you acquainted with this new technology,
help you…
ಹೆಸರುಗಳನ್ನು “-p ± 1/4i” ಪ್ರತ್ಯಯದೊಂದಿಗೆ ಇಟಲಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಈ
ಪರಿಮಾಣವು ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನದ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ್ಕಿಂತ ರೂಟ್ ಟಿಪಿಮಾಕಾದ ಭಾಗವಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು
ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಈ ಔಟ್ಲೈನ್ ಮೂಲ ಸಂಪುಟಗಳನ್ನು ಮಾತ್ರ ಪಟ್ಟಿಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಇನ್ 23) ಕ್ಲಾಸಿಕಲ್ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್, ವಿನಯ ಪೈಮಾಕ (ಮೂರು ವಿಭಾಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮುದ್ರಣಗೊಂಡ ಮೂರು ವಿಭಾಗಗಳು) ಸುಟ್ಟ ವಿಭಾಗ [ಎರಡು ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು ಭಿಕ್ಷುಸ್ ಮತ್ತು ಭಿಖುಖುನಿಸ್ಗೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿದ ನಿಯಮಗಳನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿವೆ, ಎಂಟು ತರಗತಿಗಳ ಅಪರಾಧಗಳನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ] ಟಿಪಿಮಾಕ (ಮೂರು “ಬುಟ್ಟಿಗಳು”) ಸೂತಾ ಪೈಮಾಕ (ಐದು ನಿಮಿಷಗಳು, ಅಥವಾ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಣೆಗಳು) ಸಠಾ ಪಿತಕವು ಧರ್ಮದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಬುದ್ಧನ ಬೋಧನೆಯ ಸಾರವನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿದೆ. ಇದು ಹತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸೂಟ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ. ಇದು ನಿಕಯಾಸ್ (ಒಂದು ಸಮೂಹ, ಅಸೆಂಬ್ಲೇಜ್; ಸಂಗ್ರಹ; ಒಂದು ವರ್ಗ, ಆದೇಶ, ಗುಂಪು;
ಒಂದು ಸಂಘ, ಭ್ರಾತೃತ್ವ, ಸಭೆ; ಮನೆ, ವಾಸಿಸುವ) ಎಂಬ ಐದು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಗಳಲ್ಲಿ
ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ದೀಗಾ ನಿಕಾಯಾ
[ದೀಗಾ: ದೀರ್ಘ] ಬುದ್ಧನಿಂದ ನೀಡಿದ ದೀರ್ಘಾವಧಿಯ ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸಗಳ ಪೈಕಿ 34 ದೀಘ ನಿಕಾಯರು ಒಟ್ಟುಗೂಡುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಮೂಲ ಕಾರ್ಪಸ್ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಶ್ನಾರ್ಹ ದೃಢೀಕರಣಕ್ಕೆ ತಡವಾಗಿ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆಯಾಗುತ್ತಿರುವ ಹಲವಾರು ಸುಳಿವುಗಳಿವೆ. ಮಜ್ಜಿಮಾ ನಿಕಾಯಾ
[ಮಜ್ಜಿಮಾ: ಸಾಧಾರಣ] ಮಜ್ಜಿಮಾ ನಿಕಾಯ ಬುದ್ಧನ 152 ಸಂವಾದಗಳನ್ನು ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ
ಮಧ್ಯಂತರ ಉದ್ದ, ವಿಭಿನ್ನ ವಿಷಯಗಳನ್ನು ವ್ಯವಹರಿಸುವಾಗ. ಸಾಯುತಾ ನಿಕಾಯಾ
[samyutta: group] ಸಾಯುಟ್ಟಾ ನಿಕಾಯಾ ಅವರ ವಿಷಯದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಸುವ್ಯತ್ಸ್ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುವ 56 ಉಪ-ಗುಂಪುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಸೂಟಾಗಳನ್ನು ಒಟ್ಟುಗೂಡಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ವೇರಿಯೇಬಲ್ ಉದ್ದದ ಮೂರು ಸಾವಿರಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಸಂಭಾಷಣೆಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತದೆ, ಆದರೆ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ. ಅಗುಟ್ಟಾರ ನಿಕಾಯ
[agg: ಫ್ಯಾಕ್ಟರ್ | uttara:
plusnal] ಅಗುಟ್ಟಾರ ನಿಕಾಯವು ಹನ್ನೊಂದು ಉಪ-ಗುಂಪುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ನಿಪಾತ್ತಾಗಳಲ್ಲಿ
ಉಪವಿಂಗಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ, ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಬ್ಬರೂ ನಿಪಾಟದ ಪೂರ್ವವರ್ತಿಗಳ ವಿರುದ್ಧದ ಹೆಚ್ಚುವರಿ
ಅಂಶಗಳ ಎಣಿಕೆಗಳನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿರುವ ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸಗಳನ್ನು ಒಟ್ಟುಗೂಡಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಚಿಕ್ಕದಾದ ಸಾವಿರಾರು ಸುಟ್ಟಾಗಳಿವೆ. ಖಡ್ಡಕ ನಿಕಾಯಾ
[ಖುದ್ದ: ಸಣ್ಣ, ಚಿಕ್ಕ] ಖುದ್ಧಕ ನಿಕಾಯ ಕಿರು ಗ್ರಂಥಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಇದನ್ನು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ
ಎರಡು ಸ್ತರಗಳ ಸಂಯೋಜನೆ: ಧಮ್ಮಪದ, ಉದನ, ಇತಿವತ್ತಕ, ಸುಟ್ಟ ನಿಪಾತಾ, ಥೆರಗಥ-ತೆರಿಗಠ
ಮತ್ತು ಜಟಕಾ ಪುರಾತನ ಸ್ತರವನ್ನು ರೂಪಿಸುತ್ತವೆ, ಆದರೆ ಇತರ ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು ತಡವಾಗಿ
ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆಯಾಗುತ್ತವೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅವುಗಳ ವಿಶ್ವಾಸಾರ್ಹತೆ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಪ್ರಶ್ನಾರ್ಹವಾಗಿದೆ. ಸೂತಾ ಪೈಮಾಕ (ಐದು ನಿಮಿಷಗಳು, ಅಥವಾ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಣೆಗಳು) 1. D2gha-nik ± ya [34 suttas; 3 ವೇಗಾಸ್, ಅಥವಾ ಅಧ್ಯಾಯಗಳು (ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದೂ ಒಂದು ಪುಸ್ತಕ)]
(1) ಎಸ್ 2 ಲಖಖಂಡವಾಗ್ಗಾ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i (13 ಸತ್ತಾಸ್)
(2) ಮಾಹ್ ± ವಗಾ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i (10 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್)
(3) P ± μikavagga-p ± 1/4i (11 suttas) 2. ಮಜ್ಜಿಮಾ-ನಿಕ್ ± ಯಾ [152 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್; 15 ವ್ಯಾಗಾಸ್; 3 ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ,
5 ವಾಗ್ಗಾಸ್ ಪ್ರತಿ, ಪೌ ± sa (’ಐವತ್ತು’) ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ) (1) M3lapaoo ± ssa-p ± 1/4i (’ರೂಟ್’ ಐವತ್ತು)
1. M3lapariy yavagga (10 suttas)
2. S2han ± ದವಾಗ್ಗಾ (10 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಗಳು)
3. ತಾತಿಯವಗ (10 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಗಳು) 4. ಮಹಲ್ ಯಮಕಾವಗ (10 ಸೂಟಾಗಳು) 5. C31/4ಯಾಮಯಕಗ (10 ಸೂಟಾಗಳು)
(2) ಮಜ್ಜಿಮಾಪೂ ± ಸಾ-ಪು ± 1/4i (’ಮಧ್ಯಮ’ ಐವತ್ತು) 6. ಗಹಪತಿ-ವಾಗ್ಗಾ (10 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್)
7. ಭಿಕ್ಕು-ವಗಾ (10 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಗಳು)
8. ಪ್ಯಾರಿಬ್ ± ಜಾಕ-ವ್ಯಾಗಾ (10 ಸೂಟಾಗಳು)
9. R ± ಜಾ-ವ್ಯಾಗಾ (10 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್) 10. ಬ್ರಹ್ಮನಾಥ-ವಾಗ್ಗಾ (10 ಸೂಟಾಗಳು)
(3) ಉಪರಿಪೂ ± ಸಾ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i (ಅಂದರೆ ‘ಐವತ್ತಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚು’) 11. ದೇವದಾಹ-ವ್ಯಾಗಾ (10 ಸೂಟಾಗಳು)
12. ಅನುಪದಾ-ವಗಾ (10 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್)
13. ಸನ್ನತಾ-ವಾಗ್ಗಾ (10 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಗಳು)
14. ವಿಭಾಹಾರ-ವಗಾ (12 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್)
15. ಸಾ1/4 ± ಯಾತಾನ-ವಾಗ್ಗಾ (10 ಸೂಟಾಗಳು) 3. ಸಾನ್ಹೈಟ್-ನಿಕ್ ± ಯಾ [2,904 (7,762) ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್; 56 sa1/2yuttas; 5 ವ್ಯಾಗಾಸ್; ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ
6 ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳಲ್ಲಿ] (1) ಸ್ಯಾಗ್ ಠೇವಗ್ಗಾ-ಸಾ 1/2ಯತ್ತಾ- p ± 1/4i (11 sa1/2yuttas)
(2) Nid ± navagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (10 sa1/2yuttas)
(3) ಖಂಡವಗ್ಗಾ-ಸಾ 1/2ಯತ್ತಾ- p ± 1/4i (13 sa1/2yuttas)
(4) Sa1/4 ± ಯತಾನವಾಗಾ-ಸಾ 1/2ಯತ್ತಾ- p ± 1/4i (10 sa1/2yuttas)
(5) ಮಾಹ್ ± ವ್ಯಾಗಾ-ಸಾ 1/2ಯತ್ತಾ- p ± 1/4i ಸಂಪುಟ I (6 ಸಾ1/2ಯುತ್ತಸ್)
(6) ಮಾಹ್ ± ವ್ಯಾಗಾ-ಸಾ 1/2ಯುಯಟ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i ಸಂಪುಟ II (6 ಸಾ1/2ಯುತ್ತಸ್) 4. ಆಗುತಾರ-ನಿಕ್ ± ಯಾ [9,557 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್; in11 nip ± tas, ಅಥವಾ ಗುಂಪುಗಳು, ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ
ಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ್ಮಕವಾಗಿ; ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ತುಟಿಗಳು ಹಲವಾರು ವಗಾಸ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ; 10 ಅಥವಾ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಸೂಟ್ಗಳು
ಪ್ರತಿ ವಗ್ಗ; 6 ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು] (1) ಎಕಾ-ಡುಕಾ-ಟಿಕಾ-ನಿಪಾಟ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i (ಬಿಡಿಗಳು, ಎರಡು, ಥ್ರೀಸ್)
(2) ಕ್ಯಾಟುಕ್ಕಾ-ನಿಪಟ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i (ಬೌಂಡರಿಗಳು)
(3) ಪಾನಕ-ನಿಪಾಟ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i (ಫೈವ್ಸ್)
(4) ಚಕ್ಕಾ-ಸತ್ತಕ-ನಿಪಾಟ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i (ಸಿಕ್ಸ್, ಸೆವೆನ್ಸ್) (5) Aμμhaka-Navaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (ಎಯ್ಟ್ಸ್, ನೈನ್ಸ್)
(6) ದಾಸಕ-ಏಕಾದಾಸಕ-ನಿಪಾಟ-ಪು ± 1/4i (ಹತ್ತಾರು, ಎಲೆವೆನ್ಸ್)5. ಖುಡಕ-ನಿಕ್ ± ಯಾ [ಸಣ್ಣ ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ, ವಿವಿಧ ಕೂಟ-
18 ಪ್ರಮುಖ ವಿಭಾಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕೃತಿಗಳ ING; ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್, ಸಂಕಲನಗಳು ಸೇರಿವೆ
ಸೈದ್ಧಾಂತಿಕ ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿಗಳು, ಇತಿಹಾಸಗಳು, ಪದ್ಯಗಳು, ಮತ್ತು ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನದ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ
ಟಿಪಿಮಾಕಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ವತಃ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿತು; 12 ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು] (1) ಕುಡ್ಡಕಪ್ ± ಥಾ, ಧಮಪದಾ ಮತ್ತು ಉಡೈನ್ ನಾ-ಪು ± 1/4i 1. ಕುಡ್ಡಕಪ್ ± ಥಾ (ಒಂಬತ್ತು ಸೂತ್ರ ಸೂತ್ರಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್, ತರಬೇತಿ ಕೈಪಿಡಿಯಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಅನನುಭವಿ ಭಿಕ್ಷುಸ್)
2. ಧಮ್ಮಪದ (ಟಿಪಿಮಾಕಾದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ; 423 ಸಂಗ್ರಹ
26 ವೇಗಾಸ್ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪದ್ಯಗಳು) 3. ಉದ್ದು ± ನಾ (8 ವಾಗ್ಗಾಸ್ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ, ಬುದ್ಧನ 80 ಸಂತೋಷದ ಶಬ್ದಗಳು, ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿ ಪದ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉಚ್ಚಾರಣೆಯನ್ನು ಹೊರಹೊಮ್ಮಿಸಿದ ಸಂದರ್ಭಗಳ ಕೆಲವು ಗದ್ಯ ಖಾತೆಗಳು) (2) ಇತಿವುಟ್ಟಕ, ಸುಟ್ಟನೀಪ್ ± ಟಾ-ಪು ± 1/4i
4. ಇತಿವುಟ್ಟಕ (4 ನಿಪ್ ± ಟಾಸ್, 112 ಸತ್ತಾಗಳು, ಪ್ರತಿ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭ, “ಇತಿ ವಟ್ಟೆ1/2 ಭಗವತ” [ಹೀಗೆ
ಬುದ್ಧರು ಹೇಳಿದ್ದಾರೆ])
5. ಸುಟ್ಟನೀಪ್ ± ಟಾ (5 ವಾಗ್ಗಾಸ್; 71 ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್, ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿ ಪದ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿದೆ;
ಬುದ್ಧನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸುಟ್ಟಾಸ್ (3) ವಿಮ್ ± ನವತ್ಥು, ಪೆಟಾವತ್ತು, ಥೆರಾಗ್ ± ± ± ಥೆರಿಗ್ ± ± -ಪಿ ± 1/4i
6. Vim ± navatthu (Vim ± na ಅಂದರೆ ಮಹಲು; ಕೃತ್ಯಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ 7 vaggas ರಲ್ಲಿ 85 ಕವನಗಳು
ಸ್ವರ್ಗೀಯ ಪ್ರಾಂತಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಅರ್ಹತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ)
7. ಪೆಟಾವಟ್ಟು (4 ವಾಗ್ಗಾಸ್, 51 ಜನರಾದ ದುಃಖಕರ ಜೀವಿಗಳನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸುವ ಕವನಗಳು [ಪೆಟಾಸ್]
ಅವರ ದುರ್ಬಲ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಗಳಿಂದಾಗಿ ಅಸಂತೋಷದ ರಾಜ್ಯಗಳು)
8. ಥೆರಾಗ್ ± ± ± (264 ರಿಂದ ಅರಾಹತ್ಶಿಪ್ನ ಸಾಧನೆಯ ನಂತರ ಸಂತೋಷ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂತೋಷದ ಪದ್ಯಗಳು
ಹಿರಿಯ ಬಿಖ್ಖಸ್; 107 ಪದ್ಯಗಳು, 1,279 ಗ್ರಾಂ ± ಥಾಸ್)
9. ಥೆರಿಗ್ ± ² (ಮೇಲಿನದ್ದು, 73 ಹಿರಿಯ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಗಳು; 73 ಕವನಗಳು, 522 ಗ್ರಾಂ ± ಥಾಸ್) (4) ಜೆ ± ಟಕಾ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i, ಸಂಪುಟ. ನಾನು
(5) ಜೆ ± ಟಕಾ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i, ಸಂಪುಟ II 10. ಜಿ ಠಾಕಾ (ಗೊಡಿಮ ಬುದ್ಧನ ಹುಟ್ಟಿದ ಮೊದಲು ಬೋಡಿಸಟ್ಟನ ಜನ್ಮ ಕಥೆಗಳು; 547
ಪದ್ಯಗಳ ಕಥೆಗಳು, ಅಗತ್ಯವಾದ ಪದ್ಯಗಳ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗೆ ಅನುಗುಣವಾಗಿ nip ± ta ಎಂದು ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ
ಕಥೆಯನ್ನು ಹೇಳಿ. ಪೂರ್ಣ ಜೆ ಠಾಕಾ ಕಥೆಗಳು ವಾಸ್ತವವಾಗಿ ಜೆ ಠಾಕಾ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಗಳಲ್ಲಿವೆ
ಪದ್ಯಗಳ ಹಿಂದೆ ಕಥೆ ವಿವರಿಸಿ. (6) ಮಹಲ್ ನಿಡಿಸ್ಸಾ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i
(7) C31/4anidessa-p ± 1/4i 11. ನಿಡೆಸ್ಸಾ (ಸುಟ್ಟನಿಪ್ ± ಟ ಎರಡು ವಿಭಾಗಗಳ ಕುರಿತು ವಿವರಣೆ)
ಮಾಹ್ ನಿದಿಸ್ಸಾ: 4 ನೇ ವ್ಯಾಗಾದಲ್ಲಿ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನ
C31/4anidessa: 5 ನೇ ವ್ಯಾಗ್ ಮತ್ತು ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನ 1 ನೇ ವ್ಯಾಗ್ನ ಖಗ್ಗವಿಸ್ ± ಓ ಸತು
(8) ಪ್ಯಾಮಿಸ್ಯಾಂಬಿಡ್ ± ಮ್ಯಾಗಾ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i 12. ಪಾಮಿಸಂಬಿದ್ ± ಮಾಗಾ (ಬುದ್ಧನ ಒಂದು ಅಹಿಧಾಮಾ-ಶೈಲಿಯ ವಿವರವಾದ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ
ವಿನ್ ± ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಸುಟ್ಟ ಪೈಮಾಕಸ್ನ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಭಾಗಗಳಿಂದ ಪಡೆದ ಬೋಧನೆ; ಮೂರು vaggas,
ಪ್ರತಿ ಹೊಂದಿರುವ 10 ವಿಷಯಗಳು [kath ±]) (9) ಅಪಾದ್ ± ನಾ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i, ಸಂಪುಟ. ನಾನು
13. ಅಪಾದ್ ± ನಾ (550 ಬಿಖ್ಖಸ್ ಮತ್ತು 40 ಭಕ್ಕುನಿಗಳ ಹಿಂದಿನ ಜೀವನದ ಪದ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿನ ಕಥೆಗಳು) (10) ಅಪಾದ್ ± ನಾ, ಬುದ್ಧವ 1/2ಸಾ & ಕಾರ್ಯೆ ಪೈಮಾಕ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i 14. ಬುದ್ಧವ 1/2ಸಾ (ಬುದ್ಧನ ಇತಿಹಾಸ, ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ ಬುದ್ಧ, ಉತ್ತರಕ್ಕೆ
ವೆನ್ನಿಂದ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳು. ಸರಿಸುಟ್ಟಾ, ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಸುಮೇದ ಮತ್ತು ಡಿ 2ಪಕರ ಕಥೆಯನ್ನು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾನೆ
ಬುದ್ಧ ಮತ್ತು ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ 24 ಬುದ್ಧರು, ಗೊಟಾಮಾ ಬುದ್ಧ ಸೇರಿದಂತೆ.)
15. ಕಾರ್ಯೆ ಪಿಮಾಕಾ (ಹತ್ತು p ± ರಾಮ್ 2 ಅನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಲು ಜೋ ಠಾಕಾದ 35 ಕಥೆಗಳು ಜೋಡಿಸಿವೆ) (11) ನೆಟ್ಟಿಪ್ಪಕರಾನಾ, ಪೆಮಾಕೊಪೇಡಸಾ- p ± 1/4i 16. ನೆಟ್ಟೈಪಕರಾನಾ (ಅರ್ಥೈಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವ ಮತ್ತು ವಿವರಿಸುವ ವಿಧಾನಗಳನ್ನು ರೂಪಿಸುವ ಸಣ್ಣ ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯ-
ING ಕ್ಯಾನೊನಿಕಲ್ ಗ್ರಂಥಗಳು)
17. ಪೆಮಾಕೋಪೇಡ (ವಿವರಿಸುವ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಸ್ತರಿಸುವ ವಿಧಾನಗಳನ್ನು ಸಿದ್ಧಪಡಿಸುವುದು
ಬುದ್ಧನ ಬೋಧನೆ) (12) ಮಿಲಿಂದಪಾನಾ- p ± 1/4i 18. ಮಿಲಿಂಡಾ-ಪಾನಾ (ಕಿಂಗ್ ಮಿಲಿಂಡಾ ಮತ್ತು ದಿ
ವೆನ್ನ ಉತ್ತರಗಳು. ನಾಗಸೇನಾ; ಈ ಚರ್ಚೆ ನಡೆಯಿತು ca. 500 ವರ್ಷಗಳ ನಂತರ
ಬುದ್ಧನ ಮಾಹ್ ಪ್ಯಾರಿನ್ಬಬ್ ± ನಾ) ಅಭಿಧಮ್ಮ ಪೈಮಾಕ [ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಧಮಮಾಗಳ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥಿತವಾದ, ಅಮೂರ್ತ ನಿರೂಪಣೆಯ ಏಳು ವಿಭಾಗಗಳು; ಮುದ್ರಿತ
12 ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು] 1. ಧಮಮಾಸಾಘೋ 2
(ಧಮಮಾಸ್ನ ಎಣಿಕೆ) (1) ಧಮಮಾಸಾಘವೊ 2-ಪು ± 1/4i 2. ವಿಭಾಹಾರ- p ± 1/42
(ಧಮಮಾಗಳ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ ಅಥವಾ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ) (2) ವಿಭಾಗ- p ± 1/42 3. ಧು ಡು ತುಕಾತ್ ±
(ಅಂಶಗಳ ಚರ್ಚೆ; ಈ ಮೊದಲ ಮೂರು ವಿಭಾಗಗಳು ಒಂದು ಟ್ರೈಲಾಜಿ ಅನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುತ್ತವೆ
Abhidhamma ಅರ್ಥೈಸಲು ಒಂದು ಆಧಾರವಾಗಿ ಜೀರ್ಣವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಮಾಡಬೇಕು) 4. ಪುಗ್ಗಾಪಾಣನಾಟ್ಟಿ
(ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳ ಹುದ್ದೆ; ಹತ್ತು ಅಧ್ಯಾಯಗಳು: 1 ಏಕವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ವ್ಯವಹರಿಸುವಾಗ
ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳು, ಜೋಡಿಯಾಗಿ 2 ನೇ, 3 ನೇ ಗುಂಪುಗಳು ಮೂರು, ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ. (3) ಧಾ ತುಕತ್ ±-ಪುಗ್ಗಾಪಾನ್ನಾಟ್ಟಿ-ಪಿ ± 1/42 5. ಕಠ್ ± ವತುತು-p ± 1/42
(ವಿವಾದ ಅಥವಾ ತಪ್ಪಾದ ದೃಷ್ಟಿಕೋನದ ಅಂಶಗಳು; ಬೆಳೆದ ಬಿಂದುಗಳನ್ನು ಚರ್ಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು
ಪಾಟ್ನಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಅಯೋಕಾ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆಯ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನಡೆದ 3 ನೇ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ನಲ್ಲಿ ನೆಲೆಸಿದರು) (4) ಕ್ಯಾಥ್ ವಾತು-ಪು ± 1/42 6. ಯಮಕ-ಪು ± 1/42
(ಪುಸ್ತಕದ ಜೋಡಿ; ಜೋಡಣೆಯ ಒಂದು ಬಳಕೆ, ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಗಳನ್ನು ವಿರೋಧಿಸಲು ambi-
ಗುಣಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪದಗಳ ನಿಖರವಾದ ಬಳಕೆಯನ್ನು ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಿಸುವುದು) (5) ಯಮಕ-ಪು ± 1/42, ಸಂಪುಟ I
(6) ಯಮಕ-ಪು ± 1/42, ಸಂಪುಟ II
(7) ಯಮಕ-ಪು ± 1/42, ಸಂಪುಟ III 7. Paμμh ± na
(ಸಂಬಂಧಗಳ ಪುಸ್ತಕ; 24 ಷರತ್ತಿನ ಒಂದು ಯೋಜನೆಯ ವಿಸ್ತರಣೆ
ಸಂಬಂಧಗಳು [ಪ್ಯಾಕಾಯ] ಇದು ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಒಂದು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯನ್ನು ರೂಪಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
ಧಮ್ಮದ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಾಂಡದ ಯಂತ್ರಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ) (8) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol I
(9) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, ಸಂಪುಟ II
(10) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, ಸಂಪುಟ III
(11) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, ಸಂಪುಟ IV
(12) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, ಸಂಪುಟ V (1) P ± r ± jika-p ± 1/4i ಭಿಕು
p ± r ± jik ± (ಹೊರಹಾಕುವಿಕೆ) 4
saaghadises ± (ಸಂಘದ ಸಭೆಗಳು) 13
ಆನಿಯತ್ ± (ಅನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ) 2
nissagiy ± p ± cittiy ± (ಮುಟ್ಟುಗೋಲು ವಿತರಣೆ) 30 (2) ಪಿ ಸಿಟಿಯಾ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i
ಸುಡ್ಡಾ ಪಿ ± ಸಿಟ್ಟಿಯು (ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಪ್ರಚೋದನೆ) 92
p ± tidesaniy ± (ತಪ್ಪೊಪ್ಪಿಗೆಯ ಮರು: ಭೋಜನ ಆಹಾರ) 4
ಸೆಖಿಯಾ (ಶಿಷ್ಟಾಚಾರ ಮತ್ತು ಅಲಂಕಾರಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ) 75
adhikaroasamath ± (ಕಾನೂನು ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆ) 7 (ಭಿಕುಣಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಯ ನಿಯಮಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ಮುಕ್ತಾಯವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ) ______
227
17
0
30 166
8
75
7
______
311 2. ಖಂಡಾಕ [ನಿಯಮಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಕಾರ್ಯವಿಧಾನಗಳ ಎರಡು ಪುಸ್ತಕಗಳು]
(3) ಮಾಹ್ ± ವಗಾ-ಪಿ ± 1/4i (10 ವಿಭಾಗಗಳು [ಕಂದಕಗಳು]; ಬುದ್ಧನ ಜ್ಞಾನೋದಯ, ಮೊದಲ ಪ್ರವಚನ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಘದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ;
ಸಂಘದ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುವ ಕೆಳಗಿನ ನಿಯಮಗಳನ್ನು ರೂಪಿಸುತ್ತದೆ:
1. ಆದೇಶಕ್ಕೆ ಪ್ರವೇಶಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ನಿಯಮಗಳು (ಅಪ್ಸಾಂಪ್ಯಾಡ್ ±)
2. pos timokkha ಆಫ್ uposatha ಸಭೆ ಮತ್ತು ನಿರೂಪಣೆ ಮಳೆಗಾಲದ ಸಮಯದಲ್ಲಿ ವಾಸಸ್ಥಳ (ವಸ್ಸ)
4. ಪಾವ್ ± ರಾವ್ ಎಂಬ ವಸ್ಸವನ್ನು ಸಮಾರಂಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮಾರಂಭ ಮಾಡಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
5. ಉಡುಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಪೀಠೋಪಕರಣಗಳ ಲೇಖನಗಳ ನಿಯಮಗಳು
6. ಔಷಧಿ ಮತ್ತು ಆಹಾರ
7. ನಿಲುವಂಗಿಯ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ವಿತರಣೆ (ಕಾಮಿನಿ)
8. ಅನಾರೋಗ್ಯದ ಭಿಕ್ಷುಸ್, ಮಲಗುವಿಕೆ ಮತ್ತು ನಿಲುವಂಗಿಯ ವಸ್ತುಗಳಿಗೆ ನಿಯಮಗಳು
9. ಸಂಘದ ಕಾರ್ಯಗತಗೊಳಿಸುವಿಕೆಯ ವಿಧಾನ
10. ವಿವಾದದ ಪ್ರಕರಣಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಚಾರಣೆ (4) C31/4avagga-p ± 1/4i (ಅಥವಾ ಕಲ್ಲುವಾಗ್ಗ) (12 ನಿಯಮಗಳನ್ನು ಮತ್ತಷ್ಟು ನಿಯಮಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರೋಸ್-
ಸಾಂಘಿಕಮ್ಮ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುವ ಸಾಂಸ್ಥಿಕ ಕ್ರಿಯೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಅಥವಾ ಕಾರ್ಯಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ಡಯರ್ಸ್:
1. ಸಂಘದ ಮುಂದೆ ಬರುವ ಅಪರಾಧಗಳನ್ನು ಎದುರಿಸಲು ನಿಯಮಗಳು
(ಸಾಗ್ ಡಿಸೆಸಾ) 2. ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಭಿಖುವನ್ನು ಹಾಕುವ ವಿಧಾನಗಳು
3. ಭಿಕುವಿನಿಂದ ಅಪರಾಧಗಳ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಣೆಗೆ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿದ ಕಾರ್ಯವಿಧಾನಗಳು
4. ಸಂಘದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾನೂನು ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಗಳನ್ನು ಬಗೆಹರಿಸುವ ನಿಯಮಗಳು
5. ಇತರೆ. ಸ್ನಾನ, ಉಡುಪು, ಇತ್ಯಾದಿಗಳಿಗೆ ನಿಯಮಗಳು.
6. ಮನೆಗಳು, ಪೀಠೋಪಕರಣ, ವಸತಿ, ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ.
7. ಭಿನ್ನಾಭಿಪ್ರಾಯಗಳು
8. ಭಿಕ್ಷುಸ್ನ ತರಗತಿಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಶಿಕ್ಷಕರು ಮತ್ತು ನವಶಿಷ್ಯರ ಕರ್ತವ್ಯಗಳು
9. ಪಿ ನಿಂದ timokkha ಹೊರಗಿಡುವಿಕೆ
10. ಭಿಖುಖುನಿಗಳ ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ ಮತ್ತು ಸೂಚನೆಯು
11. ಆರ್ ಝಗ್ಹಾದಲ್ಲಿನ ಮೊದಲ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ನ ಖಾತೆ
12. ವೆಸ್ ± ಲಿ ನಲ್ಲಿರುವ 2 ನೇ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ನ ಖಾತೆ 3. Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i [ವಿನ್ಯಾಯದ ಸಾರಾಂಶ, ಎ
ಸೂಚನಾ ಮತ್ತು ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆಗಾಗಿ ಕೇಟಿಸಿಸಂ] (5) Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i ವಿನ್ಯಾಯದ ಐದನೆಯ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಓದುಗರಿಗೆ ಅನುವು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಡುವ ಒಂದು ರೀತಿಯ ಕೈಪಿಡಿಯಾಗಿ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುತ್ತದೆ
ಇಡೀ ವಿನ್ಯಾಯ ಪೈಮಾಕಾದ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಾಡಲು.
атаулары «-p ± 1/4i» жұрнағымен курсивпен бейнеленеді, бұл көлем
түсіндірме әдебиет емес, түбірі Типиакааның бір бөлігі болып табылады. Бұл жоспар тек түбірлік томдарды тізімдейді. 23) Классикалық ағылшын, Vinaya Pimaaka (Үш бөлім, 5 кітабында басылған) Сутта Вибхага [бхикхус пен бхиххундарға қатысты ережелер бар, екі заң бұзушылықтың сегіз сыныптары бар] Tipiaka (үш «себеттер») Sutta Pimaaka (Бес ник - ты, немесе топтамалар) Сутта Пиатака Будданың Дхамма туралы ілімінің мәнін қамтиды. Он мыңнан астам садат бар. Никая деп аталатын бес топтамаға бөлінген (көпшілік, жинақ, топтама,
сынып, тәртіп, топ, қауымдастық, бауырластық, қауым, үй, тұрғын). Dīgha Nikāya
[Дига: ұзын] Диға Никая Будданың ең ұзақ сөйлеген 34 сөзін жинайды. Олардың көпшілігі түпнұсқа корпусқа және күмәнді түпнұсқалылығына кешіктірмелі толықтырулар бар әр түрлі кеңестер бар. Majjhima Nikāya
[Majjhima: medium] Majjhima Nikāya Будданың 152 сөзін жинайды
аралық ұзындық, түрлі мәселелермен айналысады. Saṃyutta Nikāya
[Samyutta: group] Сауфтита Никаана өздерінің тақырыптарына сәйкес сафтас деп аталатын 56 кіші топта жинайды. Онда түрлі ұзындықтағы үш мыңнан астам баяндамалар бар, бірақ олар әдетте салыстырмалы түрде қысқа. Aṅguttara Nikāya
[aṅg: фактор | uttala:
additionnal] Aṅguttara Nikāya nipātas деп аталатын он бір кіші топқа
бөлінген, олардың әрқайсысы припад нипатадан басқа бір қосымша факторды
санайтын дискрессияларды жинайды. Онда мыңдаған садат бар, олар әдетте қысқа. Худака Никара
[худха: қысқа, кішкентай] Худдхака Никаяның қысқаша мәтіндері және ол саналады
Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipāta, Theragāthā-Therīgāthā
және Jātaka ежелгі қабаттардан тұрады, ал басқа кітаптар кешіктірмей,
олардың түпнұсқалығы күмәнді. Sutta Pimaaka (Бес ник - ты, немесе топтамалар) 1. D2gha-nik ± ya [34 suttas; 3 вагга немесе бөлімдер (әрбір кітап)]
(1) S2lakkhandavagga-p ± 1/4i (13 suttas)
(2) Mah ± vagga-p ± 1/4i (10 suttas)
(3) P ± μikavagga-p ± 1/4i (11 suttas) 2. Мажжима-ник немесе [152 suttas; 15 vaggas; 3 кітапқа бөлінген,
Әрқайсысы 5 вагга деп аталады, олар paoo ± sa (’елу’) деп аталады. (1) M3lapaoo ± ssa-p ± 1/4i (’түбірі’ елу)
1. M3lapariy ± yavagga (10 suttas)
2. S2han ± davagga (10 suttas)
3. Tatyavagga (10 suttas) 4. Мах - ямақавагга (10 саттас) 5. C31 / 4yamakavagga (10 suttas)
(2) Majjhimapaoo ± sa-p ± 1/4i («орта» елу) 6. Гахапати-вагга (10 сад)
7. Bhikhu-vagga (10 suttas)
8. Paribb - jaka-vagga (10 suttas)
9. R ± ja-vagga (10 suttas) 10. Br ± hmana-vagga (10 suttas)
(3) Uparipaoo ± sa-p ± 1/4i («елуден көп» дегенді білдіреді) 11. Devadaha-vagga (10 жас)
12. Анупада-вагга (10 саттас)
13. Suññata-vagga (10 suttas)
14. Vibhaaga-vagga (12 suttas)
15. Sa1/4 ± yatana-vagga (10 suttas) 3. Sa1 / 2yutta-nik ± [2,904 (7,762) suttas; 56 сағат / 2yutтас; 5 вагга; бөлінген
6 кітапқа) (1) Сағ-теравга-са1/2ытта-р ± 1/4i (11 сағат 1 / 2yttas)
(2) Nid ± navagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (10 sa1/2yuttas)
(3) Хандавагга-са1 / 2ытта-р ± 1/4i (13 сағат 1 / 2yttas)
(4) Sa1/4 ± yatanavagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i (10 sa1/2yuttas)
(5) Mah ± vagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i Vol I (6 sa1/2yuttas)
(6) Mah ± vagga-sa1/2yutta-p ± 1/4i Vol II (6 сағат 1 / 2yttas) 4. Aaguttara-nik ± [9,557 suttas; нип ± тас немесе топтар таза түрде ұйымдастырылған
сандық түрде; әрқайсысы бірнеше ваггаға ие; 10 немесе одан да көп сутат
әрбір вагга; 6 кітап] (1) Eka-Duka-Tika-nipata-p ± 1/4i (бір, екі, үш)
(2) Catukka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (төртінші)
(3) Pañcaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (бес)
(4) Chakka-Sattaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (sixes, sevens) (5) Aμққaka-Navaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (сегіздіктен, тоғайлардан)
(6) Dasaka-Ekadasaka-nipata-p ± 1/4i (онымен, он бір)5. Худака-ник ± [кішкентай кітаптардың жинағы,
18 негізгі бөлімде жұмыстарды жүргізу; оның құрамына suttas, compilations кіреді
доктриналық жазбалар, тарих, өлеңдер және түсіндірме әдебиеттер бар
Типиаканың өзіне кірген; 12 кітап] (1) Kuddhakap ± tha, Dhammapada & Ud ± na-p ± 1/4i 1. Kuddhakap ± tha (тоғыз қысқа формулалар мен саттастар, оқу-әдістемелік құрал ретінде қолданылады
novice bhikkhus)
2. Дхаммапада (Типиакадағы барлық кітаптардың ең танымал, 423 жинағы)
26 ваггасында өлеңдер) 3. Удэна (8 ваггада, Будда 80 қуанышты сөз, негізінен өлеңдерде, Кейбір прозалық есептерде айтылған мән-жайлар) (2) Ілініс, Сүттанип ± 1 ± 4к
4. Itivuttaka (4 nip ± tas, 112 suttas, әр баста, «iti vutta1/2 bhagavata»
Будда айтқан))
5. Suttanip ± ta (5 vaggas, 71 suttas, көбінесе өлеңдер, көптеген жақсы
белгілі Будданың ең танымал садаты (3) Vim ± navatthu, Petavatthu, Tharag ± th & Therig ± th ± -p ± 1/4i
6. Vim ± navatthu (Vim ± na білдіреді үйі, 85 өлең 7 вагга актілер туралы
көктегі әлемдегі еңбегі мен қайта жаңғыруы)
7. Petavatthu (4 вагга, 51 өлең, дүниеге келген бақытсыз жануарлар [petas]
бақытсыз мемлекеттер олардың қасақана әрекеттеріне байланысты)
8. Терапевт (264-тен шыққаннан кейін қуаныш пен қуанышты өлеңдер)
үлкен бхикхус; 107 өлең, 1,279 г ± толық)
9. Therig ± (жоғарыда айтылғандай, 73 ақсақалдардан, 73 өлеңнен, 522 г ± мыңнан) (4) J ± taka-p ± 1/4i, Vol. Мен
(5) J ± taka-p ± 1/4i, Vol II 10. J ± taka (Bodisatta туғанға дейін туған әңгімелері Gotama Будда, 547
өлеңдердегі әңгімелер, талап етілетін аяттар санына сәйкес бөлінеді
әңгімелейді. Толық J ± taka әңгімелері шын мәнінде J ± taka түсініктемелерінде
аяттардағы оқиғаларды түсіндіру. (6) Mah ± nidessa-p ± 1/4i
(7) C31/4anidessa-p ± 1/4i 11. Nidessa (Suttanip ± ta екі бөліміне түсініктеме)
Мах - нидесса: 4 - ші вагга бойынша түсініктеме
C31 / 4anidessa: 5-ші вагга және Хаггавис - 1 - ші вагга сутты
(8) Pa’isambhid ± magga-p ± 1/4i 12. Pa’isambhid ± magga (Будданың абхидхамма стиліндегі егжей-тегжейлі талдауы
Винь немесе Сутта Пьекакастың барлық бөліктерінен алынған оқыту; үш вагга,
олардың әрқайсысында он тақырып бар [kath ±]) (9) Apad ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol. Мен
13. Апада - (бұрынғы өмірде 550 бхикхус пен 40 бхиххундардың өлеңдеріндегі ертегілер) (10) Apad ± na, Buddhava1/2sa & Cariy ± piμaka-p ± 1/4i 14. Будхава 1/2са (Будданың тарихы, онда Будда а
Венадан сұрақ. Sariputta, ассальдық Sumedha және D2paakara туралы әңгімелейді
Будда және 24 будда, оның ішінде Готама Будда.)
15. Карий-пиака (J ± taka-дан 35 әңгіме он р ± рамды бейнелеуге арналған) (11) Nettippakarana, Pemaakopadesa-p ± 1/4i 16. Nettippakarana (шағын трактат, түсіндіру және түсіндіру әдістері,
канондық мәтіндер)
17. Pemaakopadesa (түсіндіруге және кеңейтуге арналған әдістерді растайтын трактат
Будда оқыту) (12) Milindapañha-p ± 1/4i 18. Милинда Панха (King Milinda және
Венаның жауаптары. Нагасена; бұл пікірталас орын алды. 500 жылдан кейін
Будданың парамині) Abhidhamma Pimaaka [Барлық бөлімдердің жүйелі, дерексіз экспозициясының жеті бөлімі; басылған
12 кітап] 1. Dhammasaagao2
(дхаммалардың санағы) (1) Dhammasaagao2-p ± 1/4i 2. Vibhaaga-p ± 1/42
(дихаммалардың ерекшелігі немесе талдау) (2) Vibhaaga-p ± 1/42 3. Дх ± тукат ±
(элементтерді талқылау, бұл бірінші үш бөлім трилогияны құрайды
Абхидхамманы түсіну үшін негіз ретінде сіңірілуі керек) 4. Puggalapaññatti
(жеке тұлғалардың белгілеуі, он тарау: 1-ші орында
жеке тұлғалар, екеуі жұптар, үшінші топтар және т.б. (3) Dhku tukath ± -Puggalapaññatti-p ± 1/42 5. Kath-vatthu-p ± 1/42
(қарама-қайшылықтар немесе дұрыс емес көзқарастар, көтерілген мәселелер және талқыланады
Aойoka билігінің кезінде Патна қаласында өткен 3-ші кеңеске қоныстанды) (4) Kath-vatthu-p ± 1/42 6. Ямака-р ± 1/42
(жұптардың кітабы, амби-
техникалық терминдерді нақты пайдалануды анықтайды және анықтайды) (5) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol I
(6) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol II
(7) Yamaka-p ± 1/42, Vol III 7. Paμõ ± na
(қарым-қатынас кітабы, 24 шартты схеманы жасау
түсіністікке қол жеткізу үшін толық жүйені қалыптастыратын қатынастар [paccaaya]
Дхамма бүкіл әлемнің механикасы) (8) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol I
(9) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol II
(10) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol III
(11) Paým ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol IV
(12) Paμμh ± na-p ± 1/4i, Vol V (1) P ± r ± jika-p ± 1/4i Bhikku
p ± r ± jik ± (шығарылу) 4
saaghadises - (Сангха кездесулері) 13
aniyat ± (анықталмаған) 2
nissagiy ± p ± cittiy ± (тәркілеуден бас тарту) 30 (2) P ± cittiya-p ± 1/4i
suddha p ± cittiy ± (қарапайым күлу) 92
p ± tidesaniy ± (конфессиялық реакция: азық-түлік тағамдары) 4
сехия (этикет пен декорум туралы) 75
adhikaraoasamath ± (заңды процесс) 7 (бхиккуни виная ережелерімен аяқталады) ______
227Бхикхуни 8
17
0
30 166
8
75
7
______
311 2. Хандака [ережелер мен рәсімдердің екі кітапы]
(3) Mah ± vagga-p ± 1/4i (10 бөлім [ханхакас]; Будда ағарту, алғашқы дискурстар және Сангханың ерте өсуі;
Сангханың әрекетін реттейтін келесі ережелерді анықтайды:
1. бұйрыққа қабылдау ережелері (көтерілу уақыты -)
2. Робокоха кездесуі мен үндестігі 3. жаңбырлы маусымда тұру (vassa)
4. «пав-ро» деп аталатын васса жасаған рәсім
5. киім мен жиһаз бұйымдарының ережелері
6. дәрі-дәрмек және азық-түлік
7. жиһаздарды жыл сайын бөлу (каһина)
8. ауру бхикхус, ұйықтау және киім материалы
9. Сангха сот ісін жүргізу тәртібі
10. Секіру жағдайында сот ісін жүргізу (4) C31/4avagga-p ± 1/4i (немесе Cullavagga) (бұдан әрі ережелер мен процедуралармен айналысатын 12 хандар)
«сағақамма» деп аталатын институционалдық актілер немесе функциялар үшін:
1. Сангха алдындағы құқық бұзушылықтармен күрес ережелері
(saagh ± disesa) 2. бхикхуды тағылымдамадан өткізу тәртібі
3. бхикху бойынша қылмыс жинаумен айналысатын процедуралар
4. Сангхадағы құқықтық процедураларды реттеуге арналған ережелер
5. басқаша. суға арналған киім, киім және т.б.
6. тұрғын үй, жиһаз, тұру және т.б.
7. бөлінулер
8. Бхикхус сыныптары мен мұғалімдер мен жаңадан келгендердің міндеттері
9. р-таксоқхадан шығару
10. бхиххундарды реттеу және нұсқау
11. Р-Ягахадағы 1-ші кеңестің есебі
12. Веслидегі екінші кеңестің есебі 3. Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i [қайнатылған аминқышқылдардың жиынтығы
оқу және емтиханға арналған катехизис] (5) Pariv ± ra-p ± 1/4i Винаяның бесінші кітабы оқырманға мүмкіндік беретін қолмен жұмыс жасайды
Виная Пьекамен толық аналитикалық зерттеу жүргізу.
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http://drrajivdesaimd.com/2017/09/17/hologram/
HOLOGRAM
September 17, 2017 by Dr Rajiv Desai
HOLOGRAM:
Typical laser-lit transmission hologram
____
Prologue:
Suppose you want to take a photograph of an apple. You hold a camera in
front of it and, when you press the shutter button to take your
picture, the camera lens opens briefly and lets light through to hit the
film (in an old-fashioned camera) or the light-sensitive CCD chip (in a
digital camera). All the light traveling from the apple comes from a
single direction and enters a single lens, so the camera can record only
a two-dimensional pattern of light, dark, and color. To be more
accurate camera records wave length (color) and intensity (amplitude) of
light waves. If you move your head slightly, the photograph remains
same i.e. it is two dimensional. The physical world around us is
three-dimensional (3D), yet traditional display devices can show only
two-dimensional (2D) flat images that lack depth (i.e., the third
dimension) information. This fundamental restriction greatly limits our
ability to perceive and to understand the complexity of real-world
objects. Nearly 50% of the capability of the human brain is devoted to
processing visual information. Flat images and 2D displays do not
harness the brain’s power effectively. Now if you look at an apple,
something different happens. Light reflects off the surface of the apple
into your two eyes and your brain merges their two pictures into a
single stereoscopic (three-dimensional) image. If you move your head
slightly, the rays of light reflected off the apple have to travel along
slightly different paths to meet your eyes, and parts of the apple may
now look lighter or darker or a different color. Your brain instantly
recalculates everything and you see a slightly different picture. This
is why your eyes see a three-dimensional image. A hologram is a cross
between what happens when you take a photograph and what happens when
you look at something for real. Like a photograph, a hologram is a
permanent record of the light reflected off an object. But a hologram
also looks real and three-dimensional and moves as you look around it,
just like a real object. That happens because of the unique way in which
holograms are made where holographic film (media) not only records wave
length and intensity of light waves but also records phase of light
waves. If a 2D picture is worth a thousand words, then a 3D image is
worth a million. With holography, it is possible to reconstruct 3D
images using holograms, and the process is unlike anything found in
traditional display technology. However, the term “hologram” gets thrown
around loosely, simply because many people don’t know the true
definition. What media commonly identifies as ‘hologram’ is not actually
a hologram; it is Pepper’s Ghost illusion or its variants or a
volumetric display or reconstructed tomograms. Actual holograms are 3D
images on 2D surfaces, and not visible from arbitrary angles. People use
the term ‘hologram’ loosely as it is easier to say hologram than
volumetric display, Pepper’s Ghost and many other techniques and tricks.
2D/3D holograms are by far the most common type of holograms seen on
credit cards and driver licenses but they are multilayer images and not
real holograms.
_______
Glossary of Terms:
Amplitude – The height of a wave crest or depth of a wave trough, measured from the wave’s mid-point.
Phase – The position of a wave in space, measured at a particular point in time.
Coherent light – Light which is of the same frequency and is vibrating in phase. The laser produces coherent light.
Beamsplitter – A device used to divide the light from the laser into
two separate beams – the reference and object beams. It consists of a
partially transparent mirror which reflects part of the laser beam and
transmits the rest.
Film – Whether photographic or holographic,
film consists of light sensitive chemicals (the emulsion) spread on a
surface. A film’s resolution measures its ability to distinguish between
details. Because holographic films must be able to record very detailed
information, they have a resolving power of 50 or more times that of
photographic film. They require either exposure to a high intensity
pulsed or a long exposure to a continuous wave laser. Holographic film
is developed in a manner similar to photographic film, by bathing it in a
series of chemical agents.
Interference pattern – When two waves
overlap, their amplitudes add at every point. This results in an
interference pattern which records the relative phase relationships
between the two waves, storing each individual wave’s characteristics.
This is how a hologram works.
Laser – An acronym for “Light
Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.” A laser is a device
that produces a concentrated beam of coherent light. Some, called
continuous wave lasers, produce a continuous beam of light. Others,
called pulsed lasers, emit more light in brief pulses which are able to
freeze motion.
Lenses – Lenses are devices which redirect light.
In photography, lenses are used to focus an image for the film.
Holographers use lenses to widen the lasers beam to illuminate all of
the subject which is to be holographed.
Object beam – The light from the laser beam that illuminates the object, and is reflected to the holographic film.
Reference beam – The portion of the laser beam that goes directly to
the holographic film. The interference pattern which results from the
object beam meeting the reference beam at the holographic film is
recorded on the film.
Reflection hologram – One that forms an
image by reflected light. Reflection holograms are lit from the front,
reflecting the light to the viewer.
Transmission hologram – One
that forms an image from the light passing through the holographic
emulsion. Transmission holograms are lit from the rear, bending the
light as it passes through the hologram to your eyes.
White light
– Light which contains most of the wavelengths in the visible spectrum,
such as light from the sun or a spotlight. White light is incoherent,
while laser light is coherent. A white light transmission hologram (or
rainbow hologram) is one which can be displayed using ordinary white
light. Early holograms required viewing with coherent laser light.
_____
Abbreviations and synonyms:
2D = two dimensional
3D = three dimensional
4D = 3D + time
CGH = computer generated holography
DH = digital holography
AH = analog holography
SLM = spatial light modulator
LCD = liquid crystal device
CRT = cathode ray tube
DHM = digital Holographic Microscopy
HVD = holographic versatile disc
HDS = holographic data storage
LED = light-emitting diode
VMETH = volumetric multiple exposure transmission holography
CCD = charge-coupled device
4K = horizontal resolution of 4,096 pixel
HOE = holographic optical elements
_____
_____
D means dimension:
Each dimension is a way of seeing or sensing something.
1D (one dimensional) is mostly a theoretical idea or the domain of the
very small world of quantum mechanics. Everything we can see has 2
dimensions. Even a very thin long line has at least some width.
2D is a flat representation of a scene or object. Its size can be
described as height and width, like a square, picture or image on a
standard TV.
3D is a recreation of an object or scene in three
dimensions. So height, width and depth like a cube or sphere. We have
two eyes so we have great depth perception and experience the world in
3D.
4D is basically 3D plus movement over time. So Time is the fourth dimension.
5D and above are not viewable or detectable by us in our Universe.
These extra dimensions are the playground of theoretical physicists.
____
Parallax:
you want to take a photograph of an apple. You hold a camera in front
of it and, when you press the shutter button to take your picture, the
camera lens opens briefly and lets light through to hit the film (in an
old-fashioned camera) or the light-sensitive CCD chip (in a digital
camera). Al…
