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2506 Fri 19 Jan 2018 LESSON 1 Classical Pāáļ·i Paáđ­isambhidā Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiáđ­aka Anvesanā ca Paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya ca ÃąÄtibhÅŦta Pavatti Nissāya â€Ļhttp://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105 Seáđ­áđ­haganthāyatta Bhāsā 23 Classical English Analytic Insight Net - FREE Online Tipiáđ­aka Research and Practice University and related NEWS through http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org inâ€Ļ105 CLASSICAL LANGUAGES
Filed under: General
Posted by: site admin @ 10:43 pm

2506 Fri 19 Jan 2018 LESSON

1 Classical Pāáļ·i

Paáđ­isambhidā Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiáđ­aka Anvesanā ca Paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya ca ÃąÄtibhÅŦta Pavatti Nissāya  â€Ļhttp://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105 Seáđ­áđ­haganthāyatta Bhāsā

23 Classical English

Analytic Insight  Net - FREE Online Tipiáđ­aka Research and Practice University
and related NEWS through http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org inâ€Ļ105
CLASSICAL LANGUAGES


Tipiáđ­aka Studies for University Students




Tipiáđ­aka Studies for University Students



Day Programme : 2 hrs.


Organised annually since 2003 for 1st Year Students of Sport Science Faculty, Chulalongkorn University
at the International Tipiáđ­aka Hall, Chulalongkorn University
B.E. 2546 (2003)

1st yr Sport Science students arrive International Tipitaka Hall for the first time 2003
1st yr Sport Science students arrive International Tipitaka Hall for the first time 20031st yr Sport Science students arrive International Tipitaka Hall for the first time 20031st yr Sport Science students arrive International Tipitaka Hall for the first time 2003Introduction to Tipitaka is part of 1st yr Sport Science Students' orientation to univ life on campus 2003Screening of Dhamma Society's Tipitaka Documentary for 1st yr Sport Science Students at Chulalongkorn Univ 2003Screening of Dhamma Society's Tipitaka Documentary for 1st yr Sport Science Student at Chulalongkorn Univ 2003Introduction to Tipitaka is part of 1st yr Sport Science Students' orientation to univ life on campus 20031st yr Sport Science Students are introduced to Tipitaka culture and student spiritual activities on campus1st yr Sport Science Students are introduced to Tipitaka culture and student spiritual activities on campus1st yr Sport Science Students are introduced to Tipitaka culture and student spiritual activities on campus1st yr Sport Science Students are introduced to Tipitaka culture and student spiritual activities on campus

1st yr Sport Scinece Students are introduced to the Tipitaka Collection at the International Tipitaka Hall1st yr Sport Scinece Students are introduced to the Tipitaka Collection at the International Tipitaka HallHead of 1st yr Sport Science Students with univ alumni who organise the Tipitaka OrientationLeaving the International Tipitaka Hall, 1st yr Sport Science Students are presented with books from President of Tipitaka Hall and univ alumniView from the Royal Portrait seen from the International Tipitaka HallLeaving the International Tipitaka Hall, 1st yr Sport Science Students are presented with books from President of Tipitaka Hall and univ alumniFirst year orientation for Sport Science Students are organised by students and alumni at Chulalongkorn UniversityInitiated in 2003, Sport Science Faculty was the first to organize Tipitaka Introduction Activity for freshman studentsLeaving the International Tipitaka Hall, 1st yr Sport Science Students are presented with books from President of Tipitaka Hall and univ alumniLeaving the International Tipitaka Hall, 1st yr Sport Science Students are presented with books from President of Tipitaka Hall and univ alumniLeaving the International Tipitaka Hall, 1st yr Sport Science Students are presented with books from President of Tipitaka Hall and univ alumni

1st yr Sport Scinece Students are introduced to the Tipitaka Collection at the International Tipitaka Hall1st yr Sport Scinece Students are introduced to the Tipitaka Collection at the International Tipitaka HallHead of 1st yr Sport Science Students with univ alumni who organise the Tipitaka OrientationLeaving the International Tipitaka Hall, 1st yr Sport Science Students are presented with books from President of Tipitaka Hall and univ alumniView from the Royal Portrait seen from the International Tipitaka HallLeaving the International Tipitaka Hall, 1st yr Sport Science Students are presented with books from President of Tipitaka Hall and univ alumniFirst year orientation for Sport Science Students are organised by students and alumni at Chulalongkorn UniversityInitiated in 2003, Sport Science Faculty was the first to organize Tipitaka Introduction Activity for freshman studentsLeaving the International Tipitaka Hall, 1st yr Sport Science Students are presented with books from President of Tipitaka Hall and univ alumniLeaving the International Tipitaka Hall, 1st yr Sport Science Students are presented with books from President of Tipitaka Hall and univ alumniLeaving the International Tipitaka Hall, 1st yr Sport Science Students are presented with books from President of Tipitaka Hall and univ alumni

Image printed from the Dhamma Society Electronic Archives
500-hour/6500-gigabyte documentary of the World Tipiáđ­aka Project
Recorded between 1999-2007




for more image information of the World Tipiáđ­aka Project


https://www.flickr.com/photos/dhammasociety/2564484080/


https://www.flickr.com/photos/dhammasociety/2564484080/

World Tipiáđ­aka Foundation by Dhamma Society
Pāáļ·i Tipiáđ­aka in Roman-script to the International Phonetic Alphabet for Pāáļ·i Transcription


The International Phonetic Alphabet for Pāáļ·i (IPA Pāáļ·i) 2008 as
proposed by Emeritus Professor Vichin Phanupong, Ph.D., to be used in
the printing of the World Tipiáđ­aka Edition 2009 and the newly revised
2010 Chulachomklao Tipiáđ­aka of Siam Anthology.


“…To
explain the special phonological features of the Pāáļ·i used in the sacred
Buddhist texts, the Dhamma Society, invited Professor Emeritus Dr.
Vichin Panupong to prepare a handbook on the pronunciation of Pāáļ·i words
used in the Tipiáđ­aka and their transcription in Roman script entitled
“Pāáļ·i and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).”


Her
work is a milestone in the academic study of the Tipiáđ­aka recitation,
integrating current knowledge from various fields and setting an example
for internationalizing the study of the Theravāda Buddhist scriptures,
i.e., Tipiáđ­aka Studies, a new academic discipline to study the Pāáļ·i
Tipiáđ­aka for laity, envisioned by Her Royal Highness Princess Galyani
Vadhana, who in 2004, expressed her gracious support for disseminating
knowledge of the Tipiáđ­aka to people all around the world.” (from the
preface of King of Siam Digital Preservation Edition 2009)


Prof. Emeritus Vichin is the founder of Linguistics Department at
Chulalongkorn University, the first linguistics studies in the country,
the first President of the International Tipiáđ­aka Hall at Chulalongkorn
University between 2002-2005, and is now an Associate Fellow of the Arts
Academy, the Royal Institute in Bangkok.


The article “Pāáļ·i
and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)” is, therefore, a research
in response to the wishes of the late Princess and is humbly dedicated
to Her Royal Highness in respectful gratitude for her patronage of this
project. The article appears at the end of each volume of the new
40-volume publication, “Chulachomklao of Siam Pāáļ·i Tipiáđ­aka 1893 : A
Digital Preservation Edition 2009”.


Digital Archives from Dhamma Society’s World Tipiáđ­aka Projects in Roman Script, 1999-2010. www.tipitakahall.net


āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļŠāļąāļ—āļ—āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļēāļāļĨ
āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ›āļēāļŽāļīāļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™
āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ˜āļĒāļēāļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ
āļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļīāļˆāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāļļāļĻāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļąāļ„āļ„āļĩāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ›āļąāļāļāļē


āļŠāļąāļ—āļ—āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļēāļāļĨāļ›āļēāļŽāļī (International Phonetic Alphabet Pāáļ·i, IPA Pāáļ·i)
āļˆāļąāļ”āļ—āļģāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāļēāļˆāļēāļĢāļĒāđŒāļāļīāļ•āļ•āļīāļ„āļļāļ“ āļ”āļĢ. āļ§āļīāļˆāļīāļ™āļ•āļ™āđŒ āļ āļēāļ“āļļāļžāļ‡āļĻāđŒ
āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļīāļĢāļļāļāļĐāđŒāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļ“āļ‘āļīāļ•āļĒāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™


āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ›āļŽāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢ āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡
āļāļēāļĢāļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ˜āļĒāļēāļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāļŠāļēāļāļĨ āļ™āļģāđ‚āļ”āļĒ āļ”āļĢ. āļ§āļīāļˆāļīāļ™āļ•āļ™āđŒ āļ āļēāļ“āļļāļžāļ‡āļĐāđŒ āļ“ āļĢāļĢ.āļˆāļ›āļĢ. 25
āļĄāļīāļ–āļļāļ™āļēāļĒāļ™ 2552


āđƒāļ™āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™ āļžāļĻāļˆāļīāļāļēāļĒāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2552 āļ­āļēāļˆāļēāļĢāļĒāđŒāļ§āļīāļˆāļīāļ™āļ•āļ™āđŒ
āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļŠāļīāļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļāļķāļāļāļēāļĢāļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ˜āļĒāļēāļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāļ›āļēāļŽāļī āļ”āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāđ‚āļĢāļĄāļąāļ™
āđāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļĻāļēāļŠāļ™āļēāļˆāļēāļĢāļĒāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļāļĨāļēāđ‚āļŦāļĄ
āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļāļĨāļēāđ‚āļŦāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ­āļąāļāđ€āļŠāļīāļāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļĄāđ‚āļ āļŠāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāļŠāļēāļāļĨāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāđ‚āļĢāļĄāļąāļ™
āļ•āļēāļĄāļĢāļ­āļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļ­āļąāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āļ–āļ§āļēāļĒāđāļ”āđˆāļŠāļĄāđ€āļ”āđ‡āļˆāļžāļĢāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ†āļĢāļēāļŠ āļ“
āļ§āļąāļ”āļžāļĢāļ°āļĻāļĢāļĩāļĢāļąāļ•āļ™āļĻāļēāļ”āļēāļĢāļēāļĄ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļžāļīāļ˜āļĩāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ˜āļĒāļēāļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ
āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāļ›āļēāļŽāļī āđāļĨāļ°āļ āļēāļ„āđāļ›āļĨāđ€āļ›āđ‡āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāđ„āļ—āļĒ
āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļļāļĻāļĨāđāļ”āđˆāļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļĄāļŦāļēāļāļĐāļąāļ•āļĢāļīāļĒāđŒāļžāļļāļ—āļ˜āļĄāļēāļĄāļāļ° āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ.


Please see the updated version at :

International Phonetic Alphabet for Pāáļ·i





Pāáļ·i Tipiáđ­aka in Roman-script to the International Phonetic Alphabet for Pāáļ·i Transcription


https://buddhavasse.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/defaultâ€Ķ
Buddhavasse 2500
āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļŠāļ§āļ”āļĄāļ™āļ•āđŒ āļˆāļ›āļĢ.āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļŠāļēāļāļĨ āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ 2554
17 October 2011 5:18 PM

Open publication - Free publishing - More alphabet


āļœāļĨāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļēāļĢāļīāļāđ„āļ›āļžāļĄāđˆāļē... āļ„āļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āđ€āļĨāđˆāļĄāļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐāļ­āļĩāļ 1
āđ€āļĨāđˆāļĄ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļ™āļ—āļ™āļēāļ˜āļąāļĄāļĄāđŒāļ™āļģāļŠāļļāļ‚āļŊ āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­ “āļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāđ€āļšāđˆāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļē
(Anthology)” āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļšāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ āļ‰āļšāļąāļš āļ›āļēāļŽāļīāļ āļēāļŠāļē-āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2436 āļāļąāļš
āļ›āļēāļŽāļīāļ āļēāļŠāļē-āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļžāļĄāđˆāļē āļž.āļĻ. 2500 āđāļĨāļ° āļ›āļēāļŽāļīāļ āļēāļŠāļē-āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāđ‚āļĢāļĄāļąāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2548.


The World Tipiáđ­aka Edition in various scripts will be printed by Dhamma
Society, for the first time — in parallel corpus for all to study and
understand…
As you see, the parallel corpus brings a great deal
more profound perspective of these sacred scripts — an ingenious
attempt to preserve the original sounds of Dhamma in various scripts to
ensure the correctness.


āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļēāļĒāļ™āļē
āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļēāļĒāļ™āļēāļŠāļēāļāļĨ āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ†
āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļŠāļēāļāļĨ-āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāđ‚āļĢāļĄāļąāļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĄāļšāļđāļĢāļ“āđŒ 40 āđ€āļĨāđˆāļĄ
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āļ āļēāļžāļšāļĢāļĢāļĒāļēāļāļēāļĻāļāļēāļĢāļ–āļ§āļēāļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āļ“ āļ§āļąāļ”āļ›āđˆāļēāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ•āļēāļ”
3 April 2011 5:57 PM


āļ āļēāļž āđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļąāļāđ€āļŠāļīāļ āļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļ›āļēāļŽāļīāļ āļēāļŠāļē-āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2436
āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļĢāļąāļāļĐāđŒāļ”āļīāļˆāļīāļ—āļąāļĨ āļž.āļĻ. 2554 āđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļĄāļēāļ†āļšāļđāļŠāļē 18 āļāļļāļĄāļ āļēāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒ āļž.āļĻ. 2554 āļ“
āļ§āļąāļ”āļ›āđˆāļēāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ•āļēāļ” āļ­āļļāļ”āļĢāļ˜āļēāļ™āļĩ

…āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĨāļēāļĒāļ›āļĩ āļž.āļĻ. 2553
āļ„āļ“āļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ†āđŒāļœāļđāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢ “āļĄāļđāļĨāļ™āļīāļ˜āļīāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļŊ”
āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļĢāļēāļĢāļ–āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāđ‚āļĢāļĄāļąāļ™ āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļœāļĒāđāļœāđˆāļ˜āļąāļĄāļĄāļ°
āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļāļģāļāļąāļšāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļŠāļ§āļ”āļĄāļ™āļ•āđŒāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļĩāđ‚āļ—āļĢāļ—āļąāļĻāļ™āđŒ
āđāļĨāļ°āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļĩāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™
āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāļŠāļēāļāļĨāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļ™āļ—āļ™āļēāļ˜āļąāļĄāļĄāđŒāļ™āļģāļŠāļļāļ‚āļŊ āđƒāļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ†āļĢāļēāļŠāļđāļ›āļ–āļąāļĄāļ āđŒāļŊ
āļœāļđāđ‰āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļœāļĒāđāļœāđˆāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāđ‚āļĢāļĄāļąāļ™
āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļ­āļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāļ­āļīāđ€āļĨāđ‡āļ„āļ—āļĢāļ­āļ™āļīāļāļŠāđŒāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ āļ–āļ§āļēāļĒāđāļāđˆāļ„āļ“āļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ†āđŒ


āļ•āđˆāļ­ āļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩ āļž.āļĻ. 2554
āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ„āļ“āļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ†āđŒāļāļąāļšāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāļŠāļēāļāļĨ
āđāļĨāļ°āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļ™āļ—āļ™āļēāļ˜āļąāļĄāļĄāđŒāļ™āļģāļŠāļļāļ‚āļŊ āđƒāļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ†āļĢāļēāļŠāļđāļ›āļ–āļąāļĄāļ āđŒāļŊ āļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™
āļĄāļđāļĨāļ™āļīāļ˜āļīāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļžāļĢāļ°
āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2436 āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ “āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ‰āļšāļąāļš”
āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļ—āļģāļāļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ “āļ›āļēāļŽāļīāļ āļēāļŠāļē-āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāđ‚āļĢāļĄāļąāļ™” āļž.āļĻ. 2548

āļ”āļąāļ‡
āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļžāļĢāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāļēāļĢāļĒāđŒāļžāļĢāļ°āļĄāļŦāļēāļšāļąāļ§āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ‚āļēāļĢāđ„āļ›āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĨāļēāļĒāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļĄāļāļĢāļēāļ„āļĄ 2554
āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāļŠāļēāļāļĨ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļ™āļ—āļ™āļēāļ˜āļąāļĄāļĄāđŒāļ™āļģāļŠāļļāļ‚āļŊ āđƒāļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ†āļĢāļēāļŠāļđāļ›āļ–āļąāļĄāļ āđŒāļŊ
āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļˆāļīāļ•āļĻāļĢāļąāļ—āļ˜āļēāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļāļĨāđ‰āļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ–āļ§āļēāļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ
āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļĢāļąāļāļĐāđŒāļ”āļīāļˆāļīāļ—āļąāļĨ āļž.āļĻ. 2554 āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐ āļŠāļļāļ”
40 āđ€āļĨāđˆāļĄ āļŠāļļāļ”āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļŠāļ­āļšāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ“āļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ†āđŒ
āļāđ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļģāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļąāļāđ€āļŠāļīāļāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āđ„āļ›āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ”āļīāļĐāļāļēāļ™ āļ“ āļ§āļąāļ”āļ›āđˆāļēāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ•āļēāļ”
āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ„āļ“āļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ†āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļđāļĨāļ™āļīāļ˜āļīāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļŊ
āļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ™āļģāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāđ„āļ›āđ€āļœāļĒāđāļœāđˆāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›
āļ•āļēāļĄāđ€āļˆāļ•āļ™āļēāļĢāļĄāļĒāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļĢāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāļēāļĢāļĒāđŒāļžāļĢāļ°āļĄāļŦāļēāļšāļąāļ§ āļāļēāļ“āļŠāļąāļĄāļ›āļąāļ™āđ‚āļ™
āļœāļđāđ‰āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļ˜āļąāļĄāļĄāļ°āļ•āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļąāļ”

āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ
āļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āļĄāļĩāļĢāļ°āļšāļšāļ­āļąāļāļ‚āļĢāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āļ›āļēāļŽāļīāļ āļēāļŠāļē āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļĨāļīāļĻ
āļ„āļ·āļ­āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒ “āđ„āļĄāđ‰āļĒāļēāļĄāļąāļāļāļēāļĢ” āļāļģāļāļąāļšāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļšāļāļĨāđ‰āļģāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™
āļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄāļŠāļļāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰
āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ­āļāļŠāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ­āļīāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ§āļ”āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ˜āļĒāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ‡āļ†āđŒ
āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡ “āļ›āļēāļŽāļīāļ āļēāļŠāļē”
āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ”āļ›āđˆāļēāļ­āļĢāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļŠāļĩāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļ·āļšāļ—āļ­āļ”āļ•āđˆāļ­āļĄāļēāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ„āļĢāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļĢāļąāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ
āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļ§āļ”āđƒāļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļ›āļēāļ•āļīāđ‚āļĄāļāļ‚āđŒ

āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ
āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļ§āļ”āļ­āļĩāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāđ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­ āļž.āļĻ. 2436
āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāļ›āļēāļŽāļīāļ āļēāļŠāļē āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āđ† āđāļĢāļāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļžāļļāļ—āļ˜āļĻāļēāļŠāļ™āļē
āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āļšāļēāļ—āļŠāļĄāđ€āļ”āđ‡āļˆāļžāļĢāļ°āļˆāļļāļĨāļˆāļ­āļĄāđ€āļāļĨāđ‰āļēāđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļŦāļąāļ§ āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļāļĢāļļāļ‡āļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ
āļ—āļĢāļ‡āđ‚āļ›āļĢāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ™āļļāļĢāļąāļāļĐāđŒāļžāļĢāļ°āļžāļļāļ—āļ˜āļžāļˆāļ™āđŒāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļąāļĄāļ āļĩāļĢāđŒāđƒāļšāļĨāļēāļ™āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļĄāđ‚āļšāļĢāļēāļ“
āļĄāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļĢāļ°āļ”āļēāļĐāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļąāļ™āļŠāļĄāļąāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļĩāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ “āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ” āđāļ—āļ™ “āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļĄ”
āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄāļāđ‡āļ„āļ·āļ­
āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ‚āļĩāļĒāļ™āļ āļēāļĐāļēāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ

āļāļēāļĢ
āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļąāļ”āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ.
āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļœāļŠāļāļāļąāļšāļ§āļīāļāļĪāļ•āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļĢāđ‰āļēāļĒāđāļĢāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļĨāļąāļ—āļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢāļĨāđˆāļēāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡
āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļĄāļŦāļēāļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ•āļ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļāļĢāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļŠ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩāļĢāļąāļ•āļ™āđ‚āļāļŠāļīāļ™āļ—āļĢāļĻāļ āļĢ.āļĻ. 112
āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ āļž.āļĻ. 2436 āļāļĢāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļŠāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāļšāļĄāļēāļ›āļīāļ”āļ­āđˆāļēāļ§āđ„āļ—āļĒ
āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļˆāļ°āļĒāļķāļ”āļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāđāļĄāđ‰āļāļĢāļ°āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ„āļ—āļĒāļāđ‡āļĄāļĩāļ‚āļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ˜āļąāļĄāļĄāđŒ
āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ­āļ”āļāļĨāļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ­āļāļļāļŠāļĨāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ›āļ§āļ‡ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļˆāļĢāļˆāļēāļĢāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩ
āđāļĨāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļāļ‰āļĨāļēāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ™āļģāļāļĢāļļāļ‡āļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āļŠāļĒāļēāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļāđ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļˆāļĢāļˆāļēāļŠāļ‡āļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļžāļīāļžāļēāļ—āđ„āļ”āđ‰
āđāļĨāļ°āļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļ‰āļšāļąāļš āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļāđ‡āļˆāļąāļ”āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļŠāļģāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļˆāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ
āļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĄāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļĄāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ›āļąāļāļŦāļēāļĢāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄāļāđ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļ˜āļąāļĄāļĄāļ™āļ„āļĢ
āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļˆāļąāļ”āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āļ•āļĩāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļļāļ”āđāļĢāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļĨāļ
āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļ˜āļąāļĄāļĄāļ—āļēāļ™āđ„āļ›āļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļ—āļēāļ™āđ„āļ›āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļ˜āļąāļĄāļĄāļ—āļēāļ™
āđāļāđˆāļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļĄāđƒāļ™āļ™āļēāļ™āļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĨāļ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļāļĢāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĻāļŠ āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ


āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđ† āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ
āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļąāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āđŒ –āļ āļēāļžāļĢāļ§āļĄ– āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ—āļĒ āļ„āļ·āļ­
āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļžāļļāļ—āļ˜āļĻāļēāļŠāļ™āļē āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđ€āļ­āļāļĢāļēāļŠ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļĄāļŦāļēāļāļĐāļąāļ•āļĢāļīāļĒāđŒāļžāļļāļ—āļ˜āļĄāļēāļĄāļāļ°
āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļžāļĢāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāļēāļĢāļĒāđŒāļžāļĢāļ°āļĄāļŦāļēāļšāļąāļ§ āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ”āļ›āđˆāļēāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ•āļēāļ”
āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļĄāļ•āļ•āļēāļ›āļĨāļđāļāļāļąāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļ§āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ•āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ­āļąāļ™
āđ„āļžāļšāļđāļĨāļĒāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĨāļđāļāļŦāļĨāļēāļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒāđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļē āļˆāļ™āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļĄāļĩāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļœāđ‰āļēāļ›āđˆāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāļāđˆ
āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļēāļ§āđ„āļ—āļĒāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāļˆāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļ™āļĨāļ·āļĄāđ€āļĨāļ·āļ­āļ™…

āļ‚āļ­āļŦāļ§āļąāļ‡āļ§āđˆāļē
āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āļˆāļ›āļĢ. āļ­āļąāļāļĐāļĢāļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļĢāļąāļāļĐāđŒāļ”āļīāļˆāļīāļ—āļąāļĨ 2554
āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļąāļāđ€āļŠāļīāļāļĄāļēāļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ–āļ§āļēāļĒāļšāļđāļŠāļēāļžāļĢāļ°āļžāļļāļ—āļ˜ āļžāļĢāļ°āļ˜āļąāļĄāļĄāđŒ āļžāļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ†āđŒ
āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļšāļģāđ€āļžāđ‡āļāļāļļāļŠāļĨāļžāļĢāļ°āļ­āļēāļˆāļēāļĢāļĒāđŒāļžāļĢāļ°āļĄāļŦāļēāļšāļąāļ§ āļāļēāļ“āļŠāļąāļĄāļ›āļąāļ™āđ‚āļ™
āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļšāļģāđ€āļžāđ‡āļāļšāļļāļāļāļīāļĢāļīāļĒāļēāļ•āļēāļĄāđāļ™āļ§āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ›āļāļīāļ›āļ—āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļĢāļđāļšāļēāļ­āļēāļˆāļēāļĢāļĒāđŒāļāđˆāļēāļĒāļ­āļĢāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļŠāļĩ
āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļļāļĢāļąāļāļĐāđŒāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāļ›āļīāļŽāļ
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http://www.facebook.com/DhammaSociety WorldTipitaka



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQnL1QCSPyA
How I learned Pali (Theravada Buddhism) and my Positive Experiences in the Field
à-bas-le-ciel
Published on Jun 26, 2015
I taught myself Pali and lived for years in Theravada Countries in
Asia. Learning the language is hard work, and this video may motivate
you by discussing some of the positive outcomes of learning the
language; I had a lot of positive experiences in both monastic and
academic settings (and archives, museums, etc.)
and most of my writing (on the internet) about learning Pali instead
provides pretty “dry” advice (and, sometimes, some grave warnings). So,
this is a relatively upbeat video, for people interested in the human
reality of what it means to be a Pali scholar in the 21st century –an
era when every Pali scholar is an autodidact.


As is mentioned in the video, you can find the resources I created to
help people learn Pali in various places, including Google Books (for
free, of course):
https://www.google.ca/search?tbm=bks&…


For some much more depressing, practical advice (on learning the Pali
language), you can take a look at some of my written work, e.g.,
http://a-bas-le-ciel.blogspot.ca/2012


A useful essay for any beginner (both providing useful information, and
warnings about misinformation in the field) can be found in both
English and Chinese translation through the following links: http://a-bas-le-ciel.blogspot.ca/2014


You might also be interested in my more recent video (over 20 minutes
long), on the question of, “What is the future of Buddhism?”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QbvtU
Category
Education


I taught myself Pali and lived for years in Theravada Countries inâ€Ķ

http://tipitaka.sutta.org/
Welcome to Online Pāáļ·i Tipiáđ­aka Website!
This website (website source code, data) allows instant lookup of words
when mouse cursor hovers over words, and contrast (parallel) reading of
Pāáļ·i texts and translations (if available). The dictionaries include
Pāáļ·i-English, Pāáļ·i-Japanese, Pāáļ·i-Chinese, Pāli-Vietnamese,
Pāli-Burmese. The data of Pāáļ·i Tipiáđ­aka in this website comes from Pāáļ·i
Tipiáđ­aka. Before using this website, please read Howto on Pāáļ·i Tipiáđ­aka
first. If you only need to look up Pāáļ·i words, please visit Pāáļ·i
Dictionary (website source code, data). The data of dictionaries comes
from Pali Canon E-Dictionary Version 1.94 (PCED). This website is still
under development, if any questions, problems, or suggestions, please
contact me.

Firefox and Chrome are preferred browsers for this website. IE8 or older are not supported.
Notice:

The data of Pāáļ·i Tipiáđ­aka in this website comes from V.R.I. (Vipassana
Research Institute, India) & the VRI editions are based on the
Burmese texts (Chaáđ­áđ­hasaáđ…gāyana edition).

During compiling Pāáļ·i
text, we have perceived some misplacements and these points have been
confirmed by VRI. According to VRI, the misplacements had been occurring
from the Chaáđ­áđ­hasaáđ…gāyana edition.

The misplacements are being on these paths:

1. Tipiáđ­aka (MÅŦla) (Pāáļ·i Canon) >> Suttapiáđ­aka (The Basket of
Discourses) >> Aáđ…guttaranikāya (Further-factored Discourses)
>> Ekakanipātapāáļ·i (Book of the Ones) >> 9. Pamādādivaggo,
the paragraph #81 should belong to the previous chapter (8.
Kalyāáđ‡amittādivaggo) instead of current state.

2. Tipiáđ­aka (MÅŦla)
(Pāáļ·i Canon) >> Suttapiáđ­aka (The Basket of Discourses) >>
Aáđ…guttaranikāya (Further-factored Discourses) >> Ekakanipātapāáļ·i
(Book of the Ones) >> 10. Dutiyapamādādivaggo, the paragraphs 130
to 139 should belong to the next chapter (11. Adhammavaggo) instead of
current state.


Pāli Tipiáđ­aka, Pali Tipitaka, å·īåˆĐäļ‰č—, 南䞝åĪ§č”ĩįĩŒ

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