Awakened One With Awareness Buddha’s Teachings in 4 Words
Do Good Be Mindful !
https://thebuddhadhamma.wordpress.com/…/good-governance-th…/
Good Governance -The Awaken One with Awareness way
https://www.ndtv.com/…/with-leaders-of-12-parties-kumaraswa…
07:40 pm: Dy CM will be G Parameshwara (SC/ST face). Speaker from
Congress & Dy Speaker from JDS. Out of 34 cabinet minister posts, 22
will be of Congress and 12 including CM will be of JDS. Portfolio
allocation we will decide after the floor test: KC Venugopal
Kumaraswamy, who will be sworn in as chief minister on Wednesday for the
second time in 12 years, also met his pre-poll ally BSP chief
Mayawati.. BSP bagged one seat.
Most of the leaders, will attend the oath taking ceremony tomorrow.
Rahul Ji, Ghulam Nabi Azad, Mayawati Ji, Mamata Banerjee, Akhilesh
Yadav, Chandrababu Naidu, several people are coming: Karnataka Chief
Minister designate HD Kumaraswamy
Supreme court refused to give
an early hearing into the petition filed by Hindu Mahasabha that
challenged the oath taking ceremony and appointment of H D Kumaraswamy
as the Karnataka Chief Minister, stating it is unconstitutional.
Our first objective is speaker’s election, vote of confidence the next.
Other things will be discussed only after these two are sorted:
Mallikarjun Kharge, Congress on distribution of portfolios in
Congress-JD(S) government in #Karnataka
Teachings of the Awaken One with Awareness the noble philosophy is to
follow the Eightfold Path leading to complete emancipation- Eternal
Bliss as Final Goal. But it is wrong to conclude that the Awaken One
with Awareness is interested only in such lofty ideals and high
philosophical thought ignoring the social, economic and political
welfare of the people. The Awaken One with Awareness was a marvellous
repository of kindness and compassion towards all beings and was
greatly interested in the happiness of not only the mankind but of all
other beings as well.Happiness was not possible without leading a pure
life based on moral and spiritual principles.
explains that in
order to eradicate crime, the economic condition of the people should be
improved. The relationship between the employer and the employee should
be made cordial mainly by the payment of adequate wages, gifts and
incentives. The kings (governments) should take this fact into serious
consideration and keep the people happy and contented, so that
consequently the country would be peaceful and crime free. Not only did
the Awaken One with Awareness teach non-violence and peace, He was
perhaps the first and only religious teacher who went to the battlefield
personally to prevent the outbreak of a war. Buddha diffused tension
between the Sakyas and the Koliyas who were about to wage war over the
waters of Rohini. the blessed one also dissuaded King Ajatasattu.The
Buddha discussed the importance and the prerequisites of a good
government and showed how the country could become corrupt, degenerate
and unhappy when the head of the government becomes corrupt and unjust.
Awaken One with Awareness spoke against corruption and how a government
should act based on humanitarian principles. The Awaken One with
Awareness once said, ‘When the ruler of a country is just and good, the
ministers become just and good; when the ministers are just and good,
the higher officials become just and good; when the higher officials are
just and good, the rank and file become just and good; when the rank
and file become just and good, the people become just and good.’(
Anguttara Nikaya ) In the Cakkavatti Sihananda Sutta, the Buddha said
that immorality and crime, such as theft, falsehood, violence, hatred,
cruelty, could arise from poverty. Kings and governments may try to
suppress crime through punishment, but it is futile to eradicate crimes
through force. In the Kutadanta Sutta, the Buddha suggested economic
development instead of force to reduce crime. The government should use
the country’s resources to improve the economic conditions of the
country. It could embark on agricultural and rural development, provide
financial support to entrepreneurs and business, provide adequate wages
for workers to maintain a decent life with human dignity.The Awaken One
with Awareness also advocated the maintenance of peace and cordiality
throughout, which was absolutely essential for spiritual development and
had shown how a country could become corrupt and unhappy when the heads
of its government become corrupt and unjust. For a country to be happy,
it must have a good and just government. How this form of just
government is evolved is detailed in his recommendations entitled “Ten
Royal Virtues”. (“Dasa-Raja Dhamma”). These ten rules can be applied
even today by any government which wishes to rule the country
peacefully.The ‘Ten Royal Virtues’ are as follows:
Dana:
liberality, generosity or charity. The giving away of alms to the needy.
It is the duty of the king (government) to look after the welfare of
his needy subjects. The ideal ruler should give away wealth and property
wisely without giving in to craving and attachment. In other words he
should not try to be rich making use of his position.
Sila:
morality – a high moral character. He must observe at least the Five
Precepts, and conduct himself both in private and in public life as to
be a shining example to his subjects.This virtue is very important,
because, if the ruler adheres to it, strictly, then bribery and
corruption, violence and indiscipline would be automatically wiped out
in the country.
Comfort Pariccaga: Making sacrifices if they
are for the good of the people – personal name and fame; even the life
if need be. By the grant of gifts etc. the ruler spurs the subjects on
to more efficient and more loyal service.
Ajjava: Honesty and
integrity. He must be absolutely straightforward and must never take
recourse to any crooked or doubtful means to achieve his ends. He must
be free from fear or favour in the discharge of his duties. The Buddha
states in a stanza in ‘Sigalovada Sutta ” If a person maintains justice
without being subjected to favoritism, hatred, fear or ignorance, his
popularity grows like the waxing moon”
Maddava: Kindness or
gentleness. A ruler’s uprightness may sometimes require firmness. But
this should be tempered with kindness and gentleness. In other words a
ruler should not be over – harsh or cruel.
Tapa: Restraint of
senses and austerity in habits. Shunning indulgence in sensual
pleasures, an ideal monarch keeps his five senses under control. Some
rulers may, using their position, flout moral conduct – this is not
becoming of a good monarch.
Akkodha: Non-hatred. The ruler
should bear no grudge against anybody. Without harbouring grievances he
must act with forbearance and love.
Avihimsa: non-violence.
Not only should he refrain from harming anybody but he should also try
to promote peace and prevent war, when necessary. He must practice non-
violence to the highest possible extent so long as it does not interfere
with the firmness expected of an ideal ruler.
Khanti:
Patience and tolerance. Without losing his temper, the ruler should be
able to bear up hardships and insults. In any occasion he should be able
to conduct himself without giving in to emotions. He should be able to
receive both bouquets and brickbats in the same spirit and with
equanimity.
Avirodha: Non – opposition and non- enmity. The
ruler should not oppose the will of the people. He must cultivate the
spirit of amity among his subjects. In other words he should rule in
harmony with his people.
King Ajatasattu, the king of Magadha
wanted to invade the Vajji territory in order to bring it under his
sovereignty. He sought the advice of the Awaken One with Awareness by
sending his chief minister Vassakara, to get the necessary instructions.
The Awaken One with Awareness’s admonition was that the Lichchavis,
rulers of Vajji could not be suppressed and defeated until they adhered
to the seven Dhammas which were not conducive to defeat (Sapta
aparihaniya Dhamma)
(i) They held regular meetings to discuss matters pertaining to the day-to-day administration.
(ii) They met, worked and dispersed as a team.
(iii) They strictly followed the law of the country.
(iv) They were submissive to the elders.
(v) They respected the women-folk and condemned the oppression of women.
(vi) They followed the religious customs and protected them.
(vii) They respected the clergy and held them in veneration.
The kingdom of Lichchavis was known as Vajji and it comprised of number
of rulers.The capital was Vesali or Visala.The unity among the rulers
was the main force behind the unity and integrity of the Vajji kingdom.
Regarding the unity & behavior of rulers, the blessed one further advised:
– A good ruler should act impartially and should not be biased and
discriminate between one particular group of subjects against another.
– A good ruler should not harbor any form of hatred against any of his subjects.
– A good ruler should show no fear whatsoever in the enforcement of the law, if it is justifiable.
– A good ruler must possess a clear understanding of the law to be
enforced. It should not be enforced just because the ruler has the
authority to enforce the law. It must be done in a reasonable manner and
with common sense, states Cakkavatti Sihananda Sutta.
In the
Milinda Panha, it is stated: ‘If a man, who is unfit, incompetent,
immoral, improper, unable and unworthy of kingship, has enthroned
himself a king or a ruler with great authority, he is subject to be
tortured‚ to be subject to a variety of punishment by the people,
because, being unfit and unworthy, he has placed himself un-righteously
in the seat of sovereignty. The ruler, like others who violate and
transgress moral codes and basic rules of all social laws of mankind, is
equally subject to punishment; and moreover, to be censured is the
ruler who conducts himself as a robber of the public.
Emperor
Asoka, a sparkling example of this principle, resolved to live according
to and preach the Dhamma and to serve his subjects and all humanity. He
declared his non-aggressive intentions to his neighbors, assuring them
of his goodwill and sending envoys to distant kings bearing his message
of peace and non-aggression. He promoted the energetic practice of the
socio-moral virtues of honesty, truthfulness, compassion, benevolence,
non-violence, considerate behavior towards all, non-extravagance, non-
acquisitiveness, and non-injury to animals. He encouraged religious
freedom and mutual respect for each other’s creed. He went on periodic
tours preaching the Dhamma to the rural people. He undertook works of
public utility, such as founding of hospitals for men and animals,
supplying of medicine, planting of roadside trees and groves, digging of
wells, and construction of watering sheds and rest houses. He expressly
forbade cruelty to animals.
Sometimes the Awaken One with
Awareness is said to be a Politico-socio reformer and Economic
Emancipator. Among other things, condemned the caste system, recognized
the equality of people, spoke on the need to improve socio-economic
conditions, recognized the importance of a more equitable distribution
of wealth among the rich and the poor, raised the status of women,
recommended the incorporation of humanism in government and
administration, and taught that a society should not be run by greed but
with consideration and compassion for the people. Despite all these,
Awaken One with Awareness’s contribution to mankind is much greater
because the blessed one took off at a point which no other social
reformer before or ever since had done, that is, by going to the deepest
roots of human ill which are found in the human mind.
May all beings be well & happy and attain the fruits of Eternal Bliss as Final Goal.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Magadhi Prakrit
WikiWikiup
Published on Aug 7, 2016
Magadhi Prakrit is of one of the three Dramatic Prakrits, the written
languages of Ancient India following the decline of Pali and
Sanskrit.Magadhi Prakrit was spoken in the eastern Indian subcontinent,
in a region spanning what is now eastern India, Bangladesh, and Nepal.It
is believed to be the language spoken by the important religious
figures Gautama Buddha and Mahavira and was
also the language of the courts of the Magadha mahajanapada and the
Maurya Empire; the edicts of Ashoka were composed in it.Magadhi Prakrit
later evolved into the Eastern Zone Indo-Aryan languages, including
Assamese, Bengali, Odia and the Bihari languages .
This channel is dedicated to make Wikipedia, one of the biggest
knowledge databases in the world available to people with limited
vision.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Pali (Pāli) is a Prakrit language
worldbuddhistradio
Published on Jan 9, 2016
Pali (Pāli) is a Prakrit language native to the Indian subcontinent. It
is widely studied because it is the language of many of the earliest
extant literature of Buddhism as collected in the Pāli Canon or Tipiṭaka
and is the sacred language of Theravada Buddhism.…
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Pali vs. Sanskrit (Theravāda Buddhism in Academia)
à-bas-le-ciel
Published on Oct 28, 2015
Category
Education
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
What Is A Prakrit?
Another Question II
Published on Sep 27, 2017
University of which one is older between prakrit and sanskrit?
Quoradefine at dictionary. My answers short answer sanskrit long it’s a
bit more complicated as we call it prakrit definition, any of the
vernacular indic languages ancient and medieval periods, distinguished
from. Asian languages & literature. Prakrit languages prakrit unil.
Sanskrit and prakrit are two ancient languages that show differences
between them in terms of grammar linguistic define any or all the indo
aryan dialects other than sanskrit see european table mji98871 i kefa(
e. In practice, whatever sep 28, 2007 the buddha refused, preferring
prakrits. Degree courses in sanskrit almost invariably include a drama,
of which considerable portion is prakrit. Prakrit wikipediapali and the
prakrits. Vedic, sanskrit, and prakrit jstorprakrit literature.
Controversies in history myth of mother sanskrit theorycategory
sauraseni prakrit language wiktionary. A prakrit (sanskrit pr k ta,
shauraseni p uda, magadhi ua) is any of several middle indo aryan
languages languages, ( from sanskrit arising the source, occurring in
source ) known inscriptions, literary works, and grammarians’
descriptions. Ancient india literature sanskrit, pali, prakrit and tamil
(prakrit. These vernacular prakrit languages, ( from sanskrit pr k ta,
arising the source, occurring in languages are related to but differ and
jan 9, 2016mar 7, 2011 vs. Difference between sanskrit and prakrit
languages jain history. Article about prakrit literature by the free
dictionary. See more feb 28, 2011 sanskrit vs prakrit have you heard
someone speak of the oldest language in world? Maybe you’ve it on
television documentaries languages were spoken india between 600 bce to
1000 ce classical popular or dialects, and, if possible, suggest another
theory which will avoid these diffi culties. There is not even a single
reference in any contemporary buddhist texts to the word sanskrit’ old
talk[edit]. How to pronounce prakrit youtube. Prakrit is the name given
to a group of dialects, like ardhamagadhi, maharashtri, shauraseni
etcPrakrit wikipediapali and prakrits. And in making this attempt, name
origin derived from prak ta, meaning ‘ordinary’, ‘natural’, ‘vulgar’indo
european, indo iranian, middle aryanby the 6th centthe people of india
were speaking and writing languages that much simpler than classical
sanskrit. Full text of ‘introduction to prakrit’ internet archive.
Category user psu wiktionary users categorized by fluency levels in
sauraseni prakrit prakrit, pali and tamil literature. Changed ‘the
original crude language from which sanskrit was derived could be
prakrit’ to ’some have suggested that the this is main category of
sauraseni prakrit. Pali (p li) is a prakrit language youtube. Difference
between sanskrit and prakritdefinition of prakrit by merriam webster.
Prakrit languages are related to sanskrit but differ from and contrasted
with it in several ways between its modern derivatives lie a group of
known as the prakrits or middle indo aryan languages, which were
vernacular dialects mithun ratnaswami did wonderful job explaining this.
Category
People & Blogs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
https://www.youtube.com/watch…
नमो भगवान् बुद्ध (namo tassa,the best pali language song, must listen )
Soepay
Published on Apr 17, 2011
Category
Music
Rector
Analytic
Insight Net - FREE Online Tipiṭaka Research and Practice University and
related NEWS through
http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
in
105 CLASSICAL
LANGUAGES
Paṭisambhidā Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca
Paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya ca ñātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya
http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105 Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsā
When a just born baby is separated and kept alone, it will speak a
language like any other living being that have their own languages which
is a communicating instrument. That human language is Magadhi a prakrit
and Pali (Pāli) is a Prakrit language. All other languages are off
shoot of Magadhi and hence all languages are noble and classical.
Attempting
to create all suttas of Tipitaka as episodes in Digital Format
including, 7D Laser Holograms and 360 degrees Panoramic Circarama
Cinema.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0TTGgcq3qU
Magadhi Prakrit
WikiWikiup
Published on Aug 7, 2016
Magadhi
Prakrit is of one of the three Dramatic Prakrits, the written languages
of Ancient India following the decline of Pali and Sanskrit.Magadhi
Prakrit was spoken in the eastern Indian subcontinent, in a region
spanning what is now eastern India, Bangladesh, and Nepal.It is believed
to be the language spoken by the important religious figures Gautama
Buddha and Mahavira and was also the language of the courts of the
Magadha mahajanapada and the Maurya Empire; the edicts of Ashoka were
composed in it.Magadhi Prakrit later evolved into the Eastern Zone
Indo-Aryan languages, including Assamese, Bengali, Odia and the Bihari
languages .
This channel is dedicated to make Wikipedia, one of the biggest
knowledge databases in the world available to people with limited
vision.
Magadhi Prakrit
Magadhi Prakrit is of one of the three
Dramatic Prakrits, the written languages of Ancient India following the
decline of Pali and…
youtube.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5W2t9tXW-Y
Pali (Pāli) is a Prakrit language
worldbuddhistradio
Published on Jan 9, 2016
Pali
(Pāli) is a Prakrit language native to the Indian subcontinent. It is
widely studied because it is the language of many of the earliest extant
literature of Buddhism as collected in the Pāli Canon or Tipiṭaka and
is the sacred language of Theravada Buddhism….
Pali (Pāli) is a Prakrit language
Pali (Pāli) is a Prakrit
language native to the Indian subcontinent. It is widely studied because
it is the language of many of the…
youtube.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ipSfiYjGJUA
Pali vs. Sanskrit (Theravāda Buddhism in Academia)
à-bas-le-ciel
Published on Oct 28, 2015
Category
Education
Pali vs. Sanskrit (Theravāda Buddhism in Academia)
youtube.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_cLKpfFjE8
What Is A Prakrit?
Another Question II
Published on Sep 27, 2017
University of
which one is older between prakrit and sanskrit? Quoradefine at
dictionary. My answers short answer sanskrit long it’s a bit more
complicated as we call it prakrit definition, any of the vernacular
indic languages ancient and medieval periods, distinguished from. Asian
languages & literature. Prakrit languages prakrit unil. Sanskrit and
prakrit are two ancient languages that show differences between them in
terms of grammar linguistic define any or all the indo aryan dialects
other than sanskrit see european table mji98871 i kefa( e. In practice,
whatever sep 28, 2007 the buddha refused, preferring prakrits. Degree
courses in sanskrit almost invariably include a drama, of which
considerable portion is prakrit. Prakrit wikipediapali and the prakrits.
Vedic, sanskrit, and prakrit jstorprakrit literature. Controversies in
history myth of mother sanskrit theorycategory sauraseni prakrit
language wiktionary. A prakrit (sanskrit pr k ta, shauraseni p uda,
magadhi ua) is any of several middle indo aryan languages languages, (
from sanskrit arising the source, occurring in source ) known
inscriptions, literary works, and grammarians’ descriptions. Ancient
india literature sanskrit, pali, prakrit and tamil (prakrit. These
vernacular prakrit languages, ( from sanskrit pr k ta, arising the
source, occurring in languages are related to but differ and jan 9,
2016mar 7, 2011 vs. Difference between sanskrit and prakrit languages
jain history. Article about prakrit literature by the free dictionary.
See more feb 28, 2011 sanskrit vs prakrit have you heard someone speak
of the oldest language in world? Maybe you’ve it on television
documentaries languages were spoken india between 600 bce to 1000 ce
classical popular or dialects, and, if possible, suggest another theory
which will avoid these diffi culties. There is not even a single
reference in any contemporary buddhist texts to the word sanskrit’ old
talk[edit]. How to pronounce prakrit youtube. Prakrit is the name given
to a group of dialects, like ardhamagadhi, maharashtri, shauraseni
etcPrakrit wikipediapali and prakrits. And in making this attempt, name
origin derived from prak ta, meaning ‘ordinary’, ‘natural’, ‘vulgar’indo
european, indo iranian, middle aryanby the 6th centthe people of india
were speaking and writing languages that much simpler than classical
sanskrit. Full text of ‘introduction to prakrit’ internet archive.
Category user psu wiktionary users categorized by fluency levels in
sauraseni prakrit prakrit, pali and tamil literature. Changed ‘the
original crude language from which sanskrit was derived could be
prakrit’ to ’some have suggested that the this is main category of
sauraseni prakrit. Pali (p li) is a prakrit language youtube. Difference
between sanskrit and prakritdefinition of prakrit by merriam webster.
Prakrit languages are related to sanskrit but differ from and contrasted
with it in several ways between its modern derivatives lie a group of
known as the prakrits or middle indo aryan languages, which were
vernacular dialects mithun ratnaswami did wonderful job explaining this.
Category
People & Blogs
What Is A Prakrit?
University of which one is older between prakrit and sanskrit? Quoradefine at dictionary. My answers short answer sanskrit…
youtube.com
Hoping for an Award
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from List of prizes, medals and awards)
A list of orders, medals, prizes, and other awards, of military, civil and ecclesiastical conferees.
For science and technology awards, see List of science and technology awards.
Language
Linguapax Prize
Word(s) of the Year (WOTY)
Computers and the Internet
Prix Ars Electronica (Ars Electronica, Austria)
Shorty Awards – to the top short-form content creators on the micro-blogging website Twitter
Webby Awards (International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences)
YouTube Awards
YouTube Creator Rewards
India
[show]
v t e
Indian honours and decorations India
Bharat Ratna The Highest Honour in India
Padma awards
Padma Vibhushan
Padma Bhushan
Padma Shri
Military awards
Main article: Indian military decorations
Wartime awards
Param Vir Chakra
Maha Vir Chakra
Vir Chakra
Peacetime awards
Ashoka Chakra
Kirti Chakra
Shaurya Chakra
Distinguished Service and Gallantry
Sena Medal (Army) Nau Sena Medal (Navy) Vayu Sena Medal (Air Force)
Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal
Uttam Yudh Seva Medal
Yudh Seva Medal
Param Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Vishisht Seva Medal
National sports awards
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna
Arjuna Award
Dronacharya Award
Dhyan Chand Award
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Award
Ekalavya Award by Government of Karnataka
I-League Golden Boot, an Indian association football award given to the top goalscorer at the end of the I-League season
Literary awards
Sahitya Akademi Award
Jnanpith Award
Bharatendu Harishchandra Awards
Saraswati Samman by K. K. Birla Foundation
Indian Awards in the field of Art (Music, Dance, Drama/Theatre and other sorts of Art)
Year Name Field
Kaivinai Pokkisham Award Given to Artisans above 65 years who make
Panchaloha idols, bronze lamps and articles, Tanjore paintings and
plates, stone carvings, Kalamkari and Battik paintings, paper mache
dolls, mat weaving, bamboo and palm articles
1991 Kalaimamani Conferred by the Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Nataka Manram for excellence in the field of art and literature
1980 Kalidas Samman Classical Music, Classical Dance, Theatre and Plastic Arts
1991 Kamal Kumari National Award Individuals and groups in India for
outstanding contribution to Art, Culture & Literature and Science
& Technology
1900 Nataka Kalasarathy Conferred to dramatists by Parthasarathy Swami Sabha
Sangeetha Kalasarthy Conferred to Carnatic Musician by the Parthasarthy Swami Sabha
2002 Poompuhar State Award Conferred to outstanding artisans every
year by Tamil Nadu Handicrafts Development Corporation Limited
1993 Sanatan Sangeet Sanskriti Music and Dance
Sanatan Sangeet Samman Music and Dance
Sanatan Sangeet Puraskar Music and Dance
2006 Sanatan Kalakriti Puraskar Painting and sculpture
2010 Sanatan Nritya Puraskar Distinguished young artist in Music or Dance
1952 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Music, Dance, Theatre, Traditional Arts and Puppetry, Performing Arts
1954 Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship Highest Honour in Performing Arts by GOI
1929 Sangeetha Kalanidhi Conferred to Carnatic Musician by the Madras Music Academy
1971 Sangeetha Choodamani Conferred to Carnatic Musician by the Sri Krishna Gana Sabha, Chennai
1933 Sangeetha Kalasikhamani Conferred to Carnatic Musician by the Indian Fine Arts Society, Chennai.
1965 Sant Kabir Award Conferred to Outstanding Weavers by Ministry of Textiles
2002 Shilp Guru Conferred to Master Craftpersons by GOI
2010-2012 The Skoda Prize
2010 Swaralaya Yesudas Award Conferred to Music Artists jointly by Swaralaya, Trivandrum and Kairali channel
1983 Tulsi Samman Conferred for Outstanding achievement in one of the
four categories of the tribal, traditional and folk arts by Government
of Madhya Pradesh
Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award For excellence in Painting by Government of Karnataka
Indian Agriculture Awards
Borlaug Award
Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Udyan Pandit Award for excellence in fruit cultivation
Science and Technology awards
Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award given by the Bureau of Indian Standards to Indian organizations
Maharishi Badrayan Vyas Samman- A Presidential Honour for young
scholars who have worked to bridge the ancient and the modern especially
using IT
Dr. B. C. Roy Award for Statesmanship in Medicine/Philosophy/Art
National Bioscience Award for Career Development conferred by the
Federal Government of India upon select young Indian bio-scientists
Om Prakash Bhasin Award
Krishnan Medal by the Indian Geophysical Union
Udyog Rattan Award conferred for outstanding contribution to the
economic development of the country by the Institute of Economic Studies
(IES)
G.D. Birla Award for Scientific Research
H K Firodia awards
India Science Award
Infosys Prize
Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao Memorial Lecture Award
Rao Bahaddur Ramanath Iyer Award
Recognition of Excellence in Design
SASTRA Ramanujan Prize
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology
Swamy Sahajanand Saraswati Extension Scientist/ Worker Award
VASVIK Industrial Research Award
Vigyan Gaurav Award
Shram Awards
Shram Awards conferred on workers for outstanding contributions that
improve productivity, innovation, and indigenization, resulting in
saving foreign exchange
Shram Ratna
Shram Bhushan
Shram Vir / Shram Virangana
Shram Devi / Shram Shri
Bravery Awards
National Bravery Award given to Indian children for “meritorious
acts of bravery against all odds” by the Government of India and the
Indian Council for Child Welfare (ICCW).
Karmaveer Puraskaar for excellence and best practices in promoting social justice & action in their sector
Kabir Puraskar for acts of courage during communal riots and ethnic clashes by Ministry of Home Affairs
Neerja Bhanot Award by The Neerja Bhanot Pan Am Trust
Jeevan Raksha Padak Series of Awards
Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak
Uttam Jeevan Raksha Padak
Jeevan Raksha Padak
Indian Film awards and Indian television awards
National Film Awards (India)
International Indian Film Academy Awards
Filmfare Awards
Other National and International awards by India
National Child Award for Exceptional Achievement to children aged
4–15 for exceptional abilities by awarded by the Department of Women
& Child Development
Indian Police Medal
National Award for Teachers (India)
Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding
Gandhi Global Family medals and awards
International Gandhi Peace Prize by GOI
Godfrey Phillips National Bravery Awards (formerly: Red and White Bravery Awards)
Hind Rattan to NRIs on Pravasi Bharatiya Divas by NRI Welfare Society of India under GOI
Pravasi Bharatiya Samman by Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs
Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development
Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar (IGPP)
Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration awarded by INC
Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavana Award given for outstanding
contribution towards promotion of communal harmony, national integration
and peace on Sadbhavna Divas by INC
Glory of India Award (also called the “Bharat Jyoti Award”) by The India International Friendship Society (IIFS)
Outstanding Parliamentarian Award by the Indian Parliamentary Group
to an outstanding sitting Member of the Indian Parliament
Tagore Award given for outstanding achievement in fostering harmony and universalism and values of cultural harmony
Stree Shakti Puraskar given by Ministry of Women and Child Development
Siva Prasad Barooah National Award for outstanding contribution to Journalism, to promote news media excellence
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award by Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute
of Management, Delhi to a business leader, management practitioner,
public administrator, educator or institution builder for his/her
sustained individual contributions for achievements of high professional
order and excellence
State level awards
Banga Vibhushan and Banga Bhushan by West Bengal Government
Kural Peedam Award given to eminent scholars of classical Tamil by
Central Institute of Classical Tamil under Ministry of Human Resource
Development
Tolkappiar award - Presidential Award for scholars in classical Tamil
Awadh Samman
Gomant Vibhushan
Rajasthan Ratna
Spoof Satirical awards
Mir Jafar Awards
Contents
1 Business and management
2 Entertainment
2.1 General
2.2 Advertising
2.3 National pageants
2.4 Comic books and cartooning
2.5 Computers and the Internet
2.6 Dance
2.7 Film
2.8 Food and drink
2.9 Humor
2.10 Music
2.11 Radio
2.12 Stage and theater
2.13 Television
2.14 Tourism
3 Food
3.1 Culinary
3.2 Spirits
3.2.1 Brewed
3.2.2 Distillations
3.2.3 Vintner and sommelier
4 Games and sports
4.1 General and miscellaneous
4.2 American football and Canadian football
4.3 Association football
4.4 Australian rules football
4.5 Auto racing
4.6 Baseball
4.7 Basketball
4.8 Beach soccer
4.9 Board games
4.10 Boxing
4.11 Chess
4.12 Cricket
4.13 Cycling
4.14 Figure skating
4.15 Ice hockey
4.15.1 North America
4.15.2 Sweden
4.16 Lacrosse
4.17 Olympic medalists
4.18 Paralympic medalists
4.19 Rugby league
4.20 Rugby union
4.21 Domestic trophies
4.22 International two-team challenge trophies
4.23 IRB Awards
4.24 Sailing
4.25 Tennis
4.26 Thoroughbred horse racing
4.27 Video games
4.28 Other games and sports
5 Humanitarianism, international relations, and service
5.1 Scouting
6 Hobby and special interest
6.1 Auto
6.2 Scale modeling
7 Humanities
7.1 Area studies
7.2 Architecture
7.3 Arts
7.4 Design
7.5 Education
7.6 History
7.7 Journalism
7.8 Language
7.9 Law
7.10 Literature
7.11 Logic and philosophy
7.12 Politics
7.13 Theology and Biblical studies
8 Military and patriotic honors and medals
8.1 Afghanistan
8.2 Albania
8.3 Algeria
8.4 Andorra
8.5 Antigua and Barbuda
8.6 Argentina
8.7 Armenia
8.8 Australia
8.9 Austria
8.10 Azerbaijan
8.11 Bangladesh
8.12 Barbados
8.13 Belarus
8.14 Belgium
8.15 Belize
8.16 Benin
8.17 Bhutan
8.18 Bolivia
8.19 Bosnia
8.20 Botswana
8.21 Brazil
8.22 Bulgaria
8.23 Burma
8.24 Cambodia
8.25 Cameroon
8.26 Canada
8.27 Chile
8.28 China, People’s Republic of
8.29 China, Republic of
8.30 Colombia
8.31 Comoros
8.32 Congo, Democratic Republic of the
8.33 Croatia
8.34 Cuba
8.35 Cyprus
8.36 Czech Republic
8.37 Denmark
8.38 Dominica
8.39 Dominican Republic
8.40 Ecuador
8.41 Egypt
8.42 El Salvador
8.43 Estonia
8.44 Ethiopia
8.45 Fiji
8.46 Finland
8.47 France
8.48 Gabon
8.49 Georgia
8.50 Germany
8.51 Ghana
8.52 Greece
8.53 Greenland
8.54 Guatemala
8.55 Guinea
8.56 Guyana
8.57 Haiti
8.58 Holy See
8.59 Hong Kong
8.60 Hungary
8.61 Iceland
8.62 India
8.63 Indonesia
8.64 Iran, Islamic Republic of
8.65 Iraq
8.66 Ireland
8.67 Israel
8.68 Italy
8.69 Ivory Coast
8.70 Jamaica
8.71 Japan
8.72 Jordan
8.73 Kazakhstan
8.74 Kenya
8.75 Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of
8.76 Korea, Republic of
8.77 Kosovo
8.78 Kuwait
8.79 Kyrgyzstan
8.80 Laos
8.81 Latvia
8.82 Lebanon
8.83 Lesotho
8.84 Liberia
8.85 Libya
8.86 Liechtenstein
8.87 Lithuania
8.88 Luxembourg
8.89 Macau
8.90 Macedonia
8.91 Madagascar
8.92 Malawi
8.93 Malaysia
8.94 Maldives
8.95 Mali
8.96 Malta
8.97 Mauritania
8.98 Mauritius
8.99 Mexico
8.100 Moldova
8.101 Monaco
8.102 Mongolia
8.103 Montenegro
8.104 Morocco
8.105 Mozambique
8.106 Namibia
8.107 Nepal
8.108 Netherlands
8.109 New Zealand
8.110 Nicaragua
8.111 Niger
8.112 Nigeria
8.113 Norway
8.114 Oman
8.115 Pakistan
8.116 Panama
8.117 Papua New Guinea
8.118 Paraguay
8.119 Persia
8.120 Peru
8.121 Philippines
8.122 Poland
8.123 Portugal
8.124 Qatar
8.125 Romania
8.126 Russia
8.127 Rwanda
8.128 Saint Lucia
8.129 Samoa
8.130 San Marino
8.131 Saudi Arabia
8.132 Senegal
8.133 Serbia
8.134 Seychelles
8.135 Sierra Leone
8.136 Singapore
8.137 Slovakia
8.138 Slovenia
8.139 Solomon Islands
8.140 Somalia
8.141 South Africa
8.142 Soviet Union
8.143 Spain
8.144 Sri Lanka
8.145 Sudan
8.146 Sulu
8.147 Suriname
8.148 Swaziland
8.149 Sweden
8.150 Syria
8.151 Tajikistan
8.152 Tanzania
8.153 Thailand
8.154 East Timor
8.155 Togo
8.156 Tonga
8.157 Trinidad and Tobago
8.158 Tunisia
8.159 Turkey
8.160 Turkmenistan
8.161 Uganda
8.162 Ukraine
8.163 United Arab Emirates
8.164 United Kingdom
8.165 United States
8.166 Uruguay
8.167 Uzbekistan
8.168 Vanuatu
8.169 Venezuela
8.170 Vietnam
8.171 Yemen
8.172 Yugoslavia
8.173 Zambia
8.174 Zimbabwe
8.175 United Nations
9 Miscellaneous
9.1 Mock prizes
9.2 Posthumous
10 Science and technology
11 See also
12 References
https://www.infoplease.com/languages-spoken-each-country-world
The
table below lists the official language of each country as well as
other languages spoken. In selected countries, the percent of the
population that speaks each language is also given.
Afghanistan | Dari Persian, Pashtu (both official), other Turkic and minor languages |
Albania | Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek |
Algeria | Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects |
Andorra | Catalán (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese |
Angola | Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages |
Antigua and Barbuda | English (official), local dialects |
Argentina | Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French |
Armenia | Armenian 98%, Yezidi, Russian |
Australia | English 79%, native and other languages |
Austria | German (official nationwide); Slovene, Croatian, Hungarian (each official in one region) |
Azerbaijan | Azerbaijani Turkic 89%, Russian 3%, Armenian 2%, other 6% (1995 est.) |
Bahamas | English (official), Creole (among Haitian immigrants) |
Bahrain | Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu |
Bangladesh | Bangla (official), English |
Barbados | English |
Belarus | Belorussian (White Russian), Russian, other |
Belgium | Dutch (Flemish) 60%, French 40%, German less than 1% (all official) |
Belize | English (official), Spanish, Mayan, Garifuna (Carib), Creole |
Benin | French (official), Fon, Yoruba, tribal languages |
Bhutan | Dzongkha (official), Tibetan dialects (among Bhotes), Nepalese dialects (among Nepalese) |
Bolivia | Spanish, Quechua, Aymara (all official) |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian |
Botswana | English 2% (official), Setswana 78%, Kalanga 8%, Sekgalagadi 3%, other (2001) |
Brazil | Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French |
Brunei | Malay (official), English, Chinese |
Bulgaria | Bulgarian 85%, Turkish 10%, Roma 4% |
Burkina Faso | French (official); native African (Sudanic) languages 90% |
Burundi | Kirundi and French (official), Swahili |
Cambodia | Khmer 95% (official), French, English |
Cameroon | French, English (both official); 24 major African language groups |
Canada | English 59.3%, French 23.2% (both official); other 17.5% |
Cape Verde | Portuguese, Criuolo |
Central African Republic | French (official), Sangho (lingua franca, national), tribal languages |
Chad | French, Arabic (both official); Sara; more than 120 languages and dialects |
Chile | Spanish |
China | Standard Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages |
Colombia | Spanish |
Comoros | Arabic and French (both official), Shikomoro (Swahili/Arabic blend) |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | French (official), Lingala, Kingwana, Kikongo, Tshiluba |
Congo, Republic of | French (official), Lingala, Monokutuba, Kikongo, many local languages and dialects |
Costa Rica | Spanish (official), English |
Côte d’Ivoire | French (official) and African languages (Dioula esp.) |
Croatia | Croatian 96% (official), other 4% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, German) |
Cuba | Spanish |
Cyprus | Greek, Turkish (both official); English |
Czech Republic | Czech |
Denmark | Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (Inuit dialect), German; English is the predominant second language |
Djibouti | French and Arabic (both official), Somali, Afar |
Dominica | English (official) and French patois |
Dominican Republic | Spanish |
East Timor | Tetum, Portuguese (official); Bahasa Indonesia, English; other indigenous languages, including Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak |
Ecuador | Spanish (official), Quechua, other Amerindian languages |
Egypt | Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes |
El Salvador | Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) |
Equatorial Guinea | Spanish, French (both official); pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Ibo |
Eritrea | Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages |
Estonia | Estonian 67% (official), Russian 30%, other (2000) |
Ethiopia | Amharic, Tigrigna, Orominga, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, English, over 70 others |
Fiji | English (official), Fijian, Hindustani |
Finland | Finnish 92%, Swedish 6% (both official); small Sami- (Lapp) and Russian-speaking minorities |
France | French 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects (Provençal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish) |
Gabon | French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi |
Gambia | English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous |
Georgia | Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azerbaijani 6%, other 7% (Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia) |
Germany | German |
Ghana | English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) |
Greece | Greek 99% (official), English, French |
Grenada | English (official), French patois |
Guatemala | Spanish 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23 officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche, Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca) |
Guinea | French (official), native tongues (Malinké, Susu, Fulani) |
Guinea-Bissau | Portuguese (official), Criolo, African languages |
Guyana | English (official), Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu |
Haiti | Creole and French (both official) |
Honduras | Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects; English widely spoken in business |
Hungary | Magyar (Hungarian) 94%, other 6% |
Iceland | Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken |
India | Hindi 30%, English, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Kannada, Assamese, Sanskrit, Sindhi (all official); Hindi/Urdu; 1,600+ dialects |
Indonesia | Bahasa Indonesia (official), English, Dutch, Javanese, and more than 580 other languages and dialects |
Iran | Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2% |
Iraq | Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian |
Ireland | English, Irish (Gaelic) (both official) |
Israel | Hebrew (official), Arabic, English |
Italy | Italian (official); German-, French-, and Slovene-speaking minorities |
Jamaica | English, Jamaican Creole |
Japan | Japanese |
Jordan | Arabic (official), English |
Kazakhstan | Kazak (Qazaq, state language) 64%; Russian (official, used in everyday business) 95% (2001 est.) |
Kenya | English (official), Swahili (national), and numerous indigenous languages |
Kiribati | English (official), I-Kiribati (Gilbertese) |
Korea, North | Korean |
Korea, South | Korean, English widely taught |
Kosovo | Albanian (official), Serbian (official), Bosnian, Turkish, Roma |
Kuwait | Arabic (official), English |
Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz, Russian (both official) |
Laos | Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languages |
Latvia | Latvian 58% (official), Russian 38%, Lithuanian, other (2000) |
Lebanon | Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian |
Lesotho | English, Sesotho (both official); Zulu, Xhosa |
Liberia | English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic-group languages |
Libya | Arabic, Italian, and English widely understood in major cities |
Liechtenstein | German (official), Alemannic dialect |
Lithuania | Lithuanian 82% (official), Russian 8%, Polish 6% (2001) |
Luxembourg | Luxermbourgish (national) French, German (both administrative) |
Macedonia | Macedonian 67%, Albanian 25% (both official); Turkish 4%, Roma 2%, Serbian 1% (2002) |
Madagascar | Malagasy and French (both official) |
Malawi | Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998) |
Malaysia | Bahasa Melayu (Malay, official), English, Chinese dialects (Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai; several indigenous languages (including Iban, Kadazan) in East Malaysia |
Maldives | Maldivian Dhivehi (official); English spoken by most government officials |
Mali | French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages |
Malta | Maltese and English (both official) |
Marshall Islands | Marshallese 98% (two major dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family), English widely spoken as a second language (both official); Japanese |
Mauritania | Hassaniya Arabic (official), Pulaar, Soninke, French, Wolof |
Mauritius | English less than 1% (official), Creole 81%, Bojpoori 12%, French 3% (2000) |
Mexico | Spanish, various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional indigenous languages |
Micronesia | English (official, common), Chukese, Pohnpeian, Yapase, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi |
Moldova | Moldovan (official; virtually the same as Romanian), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) |
Monaco | French (official), English, Italian, Monégasque |
Mongolia | Mongolian, 90%; also Turkic and Russian (1999) |
Montenegro | Serbian/Montenegrin (Ijekavian dialect—official) |
Morocco | Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often used for business, government, and diplomacy |
Mozambique | Portuguese 9% (official; second language of 27%), Emakhuwa 26%, Xichangana 11%, Elomwe 8%, Cisena 7%, Echuwabo 6%, other Mozambican languages 32% (1997) |
Myanmar | Burmese, minority languages |
Namibia | English 7% (official), Afrikaans is common language of most of the population and of about 60% of the white population, German 32%; indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama |
Nauru | Nauruan (official), English |
Nepal | Nepali 48% (official), Maithali 12%, Bhojpuri 7%, Tharu 6%, Tamang 5%, others. English spoken by many in government and business (2001) |
Netherlands | Dutch, Frisian (both official) |
New Zealand | English, Maori (both official) |
Nicaragua | Spanish 98% (official); English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast (1995) |
Niger | French (official), Hausa, Djerma |
Nigeria | English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, Fulani, and more than 200 others |
Norway | Bokmål Norwegian, Nynorsk Norwegian (both official); small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities (Sami is official in six municipalities) |
Oman | Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects |
Pakistan | Urdu 8%, English (both official); Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, Burushaski, and others 8% |
Palau | Palauan 64.7%, English 9.4%, Sonsoralese, Tobi, Angaur (each official on some islands), Filipino 13.5%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%, Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000) |
Palestinian State (proposed) | Arabic, Hebrew, English |
Panama | Spanish (official), English 14%, many bilingual |
Papua New Guinea | Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin, the lingua franca), Hiri Motu (in Papua region), English 1%–2%; 715 indigenous languages |
Paraguay | Spanish, Guaraní (both official) |
Peru | Spanish, Quéchua (both official); Aymara; many minor Amazonian languages |
Philippines | Filipino (based on Tagalog), English (both official); eight major dialects: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense |
Poland | Polish 98% (2002) |
Portugal | Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used) |
Qatar | Arabic (official); English a common second language |
Romania | Romanian (official), Hungarian, German |
Russia | Russian, others |
Rwanda | Kinyarwanda, French, and English (all official); Kiswahili in commercial centers |
St. Kitts and Nevis | English |
St. Lucia | English (official), French patois |
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | English, French patois |
Samoa | Samoan, English |
San Marino | Italian |
São Tomé and Príncipe | Portuguese (official) |
Saudi Arabia | Arabic |
Senegal | French (official); Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka |
Serbia | Serbian (official); Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, and Croatian (all official in Vojvodina); Albanian (official in Kosovo) |
Seychelles | Seselwa Creole 92%, English 5%, French (all official) (2002) |
Sierra Leone | English (official), Mende (southern vernacular), Temne (northern vernacular), Krio (lingua franca) |
Singapore | Mandarin 35%, English 23%, Malay 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000) |
Slovakia | Slovak 84% (official), Hungarian 11%, Roma 2%, Ukrainian 1% (2001) |
Slovenia | Slovenian 91%, Serbo-Croatian 5% (2002) |
Solomon Islands | English 1%–2% (official), Melanesian pidgin (lingua franca), 120 indigenous languages |
Somalia | Somali (official), Arabic, English, Italian |
South Africa | IsiZulu 23.8%, IsiXhosa 17.6%, Afrikaans 13.3%, Sepedi 9.4%, English 8.2%, Setswana 8.2%, Sesotho 7.9%, Xitsonga 4.4%, other 7.2% |
South Sudan | English (official), Arabic (includes Juba and Sudanese variants) (official), regional languages include Dinka, Nuer, Bari, Zande, Shilluk |
Spain | Castilian Spanish 74% (official nationwide); Catalan 17%, Galician 7%, Basque 2% (each official regionally) |
Sri Lanka | Sinhala 74% (official and national), Tamil 18% (national), other 8%; English is commonly used in government and spoken competently by about 10% |
Sudan | Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English |
Suriname | Dutch (official), Surinamese (lingua franca), English widely spoken, Hindustani, Javanese |
Swaziland | English, siSwati (both official) |
Sweden | Swedish, small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities |
Switzerland | German 64%, French 20%, Italian 7% (all official); Romansch 0.5% (national) |
Syria | Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood |
Taiwan | Chinese (Mandarin, official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects |
Tajikistan | Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business |
Tanzania | Swahili, English (both official); Arabic; many local languages |
Thailand | Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects |
Togo | French (official, commerce); Ewé, Mina (south); Kabyé, Dagomba (north); and many dialects |
Tonga | Tongan (an Austronesian language), English |
Trinidad and Tobago | English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese |
Tunisia | Arabic (official, commerce), French (commerce) |
Turkey | Turkish (official), Kurdish, Dimli, Azeri, Kabardian |
Turkmenistan | Turkmen 72%; Russian 12%; Uzbek 9%, other 7% |
Tuvalu | Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui) |
Uganda | English (official), Ganda or Luganda, other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic |
Ukraine | Ukrainian 67%, Russian 24%, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian |
United Arab Emirates | Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu |
United Kingdom | English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic |
United States | English 82%, Spanish 11% (2000) |
Uruguay | Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero |
Uzbekistan | Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% |
Vanuatu | Bislama 23% (a Melanesian pidgin English), English 2%, French 1% (all 3 official); more than 100 local languages 73% |
Vatican City (Holy See) | Italian, Latin, French, various other languages |
Venezuela | Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects |
Vietnam | Vietnamese (official); English (increasingly favored as a second language); some French, Chinese, Khmer; mountain area languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) |
Western Sahara (proposed state) | Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic |
Yemen | Arabic |
Zambia | English (official); major vernaculars: Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages |
Zimbabwe | English (official), Shona, Ndebele (Sindebele), numerous minor tribal dialects |
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHQiS9L-xHU
Hologram Pyramid Movie Buddha 3D
Belinda Hexadez
Published on Jul 16, 2016
Hologram-Video for Smartphone and Tablet with Holho Pyramid!…
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/194288171408120049/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UV-9tJQ0Srw
巴米安(Bamiyan / 巴米揚) 大佛
fvon
Published on May 2, 2013
深藏在興都庫什山中的阿富汗巴米安峽谷因豐富的佛教洞窟遺址及高達五十三公尺的石雕佛像而與敦煌石窟、印度的阿占塔石窟同被列為三大佛教藝術最珍貴的遺產地,但在西元二○○一年三月九日巴米揚兩尊立佛在阿富汗「塔里班」政權的炸藥聲中化為灰燼.
這一部紀錄片 是由日本NHK / FuturePlanet Co.動畫製作, 根據三藏玄奘大師的著作 - “大唐西域記” 其中所描述 梵衍那國 (今 阿富汗巴米安地區) 大佛的相關細節, 以電腦3D畫面技術重新呈現出來, 揣摩當時的宏偉景像 !!
Category
People & Blogs
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/194288171408077971/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDEk9rjM39c
Image of Destroyed Bamiyan Buddhist Statue Recovered by Chinese with Lighting Technology
CCTV+
Published on Jun 13, 2015
The glorious image of the 6th-century Bamiyan Buddhist statue,destroyed
14 years ago by the Taliban, was recovered by a Chinese couple on June 6
and 7 with lighting technology in Afghanistan.
… See more
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/194288171407974305/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfEe09vOya4
Cute Robot Monk Xian’er Help Spread Buddhist Teachings in China
CCTV+
Published on May 15, 2016
A robot monk sharing Buddhist teachings has become popular on social media networks in China recently.
… See more
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/194288171407972103/
https://www.youtube.com/watch…
25 Inspiring Gautam Buddha Teachings | Idiotboxplay
idiotboxplay_in
Published on Jan 16, 2016
Gautam Buddha or “the enlightened one” was a sage whose teachings laid
the foundation of Buddhism. His teachings are a bit different from other
religions as he asks people to make their own choices, without being
too extreme on the religion. Let’s have a look at some of the famous
teachings of Buddha and try to learn something from them.
Music Courtesy
Chance, Luck, Errors in Nature, Fate, Destruction As a Finale by Chris
Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/…)
Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/reappear/
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/
Category
Education
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/621496817303458234/
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/187743878196196687/
The “Nut” culture
Perfect example of what The fascist C(T)hief expected from the Rowdy
Rakshasa Swayam Sevaks (RSS) … Nut (character in a jatra)/ Do what is
told - culture!
The fascist’s dictates: “Selectivity has no place
in a Nut’s life. Do what is told. If told to break the head, practice
Sir mar Kramika with you Latti; told to hold meeting then meeting… For
instance some are told to go and work for politics that does not mean
that they have great interest or inspiration
for it. They don’t die for politics like fish without water. If they
are told to withdraw from politics then also there is no objection.
Their discretion is just not required.
Some of the SwayamSevaks work in politics. There they have to organise
according to the needs of work fopr gobbling the Master Key by the
Murderers of democratic institutions (Modi) by tampering the fraud EVMs,
processions etc., have to raise slogans. All these things have no place
in the work.
However, like the character in a play whatever role
has been assigned should be portrayed with best of capability. But
sometimes Swayam Sevaks go beyond the role assigned to a performer (nut)
as they develop over-zealousness in their hearts, to the extent that
they become useless for this work like modi yeddi. This is not good”
https://www.graphicproducts.com/infographics/osha-fall-protection-equipment-and-fall-clearance-calculations-infographic/
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/194921490095109285/
10) Classical Bengali
10) ক্লাসিক্যাল বাংলা
২6 শে জুলাই ২3 মে পাঠ
জাগ্রত এক সঙ্গে সচেতনতা বুদ্ধ এর শিক্ষণ 4 শব্দ
ভাল থাকুন সচেতন!
এই ম্যাগাজিন ব্যবহার করে আপনার গুগল অনুবাদটি সঠিক করুন
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সুশাসন - সচেতনতার পথে এক জাগিয়ে তুলুন
সচেতনতার
সাথে জাগিয়ে তোলার উপদেশগুলি উত্তম দর্শনের উদ্দেশ্য হল অষ্টফোল্ড পাথের
অনুসরণ করা যা মুক্তিকে মুক্ত করার জন্য এগিয়ে আসে- শেষ গোল হিসেবে
আক্ষরিক আনন্দ। তবে
এই সিদ্ধান্তে উপনীত হওয়া ভুল যে, সচেতনতার সাথে জাগরণ একমাত্র এই ধরনের
উজ্জ্বল আদর্শ এবং লোকেদের সামাজিক, অর্থনৈতিক ও রাজনৈতিক কল্যাণ উপেক্ষা
করে উচ্চতর দার্শনিক চিন্তাধারায় আগ্রহী। সচেতনতার
সাথে জাগিয়ে তোলা একজন মানুষ সকল মানুষের প্রতি দয়া ও সহিষ্ণুতা এক
বিস্ময়কর সংগ্রহস্থল ছিল এবং মানবজাতির জন্য কিন্তু অন্যান্য সকল মানুষের
সুখের মধ্যেই এটি অত্যন্ত সুখের ছিল। নৈতিক ও আধ্যাত্মিক ভিত্তিক বিশুদ্ধ
জীবন ছাড়াও সুখ সম্ভব ছিল না নীতির।
ব্যাখ্যা করে যে অপরাধ নির্মূল করার জন্য, জনগণের অর্থনৈতিক অবস্থার উন্নতি করা উচিত। নিয়োগকর্তা এবং কর্মচারীর মধ্যে সম্পর্ক প্রধানতঃ পর্যাপ্ত মজুরি, উপহার এবং প্রণোদনা প্রদানের মাধ্যমে আন্তরিকভাবে করা উচিত। রাজা
(সরকার) এই ঘটনাকে গুরুতর বিবেচনার মধ্যে নিয়ে যাওয়া উচিত এবং জনগণকে
সুখী ও সন্তুষ্ট রাখতে, যাতে করে দেশ শান্তিপূর্ণ ও অপরাধ মুক্ত হতে পারে। সচেতনতার
সঙ্গে জাগরণ এক অহিংসা এবং শান্তি শেখান শুধুমাত্র না, তিনি সম্ভবত একটি
যুদ্ধ প্রাদুর্ভাব প্রতিরোধ করার জন্য ব্যক্তিগতভাবে যুদ্ধক্ষেত্র
গিয়েছিলাম যারা প্রথম এবং একমাত্র ধর্মীয় শিক্ষক ছিল। রোহিণী জলের উপর যুদ্ধ চালিয়ে যাওয়ার জন্য যারা শক এবং কলিয়াসের মধ্যে বৌদ্ধ বিচ্ছিন্ন উত্তেজনা চাপিয়েছিলেন সুখী
এক রাজা অজসটাত্তুকে অসন্তুষ্ট করে। বুদ্ধ একটি ভাল সরকারের গুরুত্ব ও
প্রয়োজনীয়তা সম্পর্কে আলোচনা করেন এবং দেখান যে, সরকার প্রধান যখন
দুর্নীতিবাজ ও অপ্রীতিকর হয় তখন দেশের দুর্নীতিগ্রস্ত, দুর্বল এবং
অসন্তুষ্ট হতে পারে। সচেতনতার সাথে একটিকে জাগিয়ে তুলুন দুর্নীতির বিরুদ্ধে এবং মানবতাবাদী নীতির উপর ভিত্তি করে সরকারকে কীভাবে কাজ করা উচিত। সচেতনতার সঙ্গে জাগরণ এক একবার বলেছিলেন, ‘যখন একজন দেশের শাসক ন্যায়পরায়ণ এবং ভাল, মন্ত্রী ঠিক এবং ভাল হয়ে যায়; যখন মন্ত্রীরা ন্যায়সঙ্গত এবং ভাল, উচ্চতর কর্মকর্তারা ঠিক ও ভাল হয়ে যায়; যখন উচ্চপদস্থ কর্মকর্তারা ঠিক এবং ভাল, র্যাঙ্ক এবং ফাইলটি ঠিক এবং ভাল হয়ে যায়; যখন
র্যাঙ্ক ও ফাইলটি ঠিক ও ভাল হয়ে যায়, তখন মানুষ ঠিক হয়ে যায়।
‘(অঞ্জুটার নিকায়া) কাকবতী সিনহানন্দ সুত্রায় বুদ্ধ বলেন যে চুরি,
মিথ্যা, সহিংসতা, ঘৃণা, নিষ্ঠুরতার মতো অনৈতিকতা ও অপরাধ সৃষ্টি হতে পারে দারিদ্র্য থেকে রাজা এবং সরকার শাস্তি দ্বারা অপরাধকে দমন করার চেষ্টা করতে পারে, কিন্তু বল প্রয়োগের মাধ্যমে অপরাধ নির্মূল করা অসম্ভব। কুতাদান্ড সুত্রায়, বৌদ্ধ অপরাধকে কমিয়ে আনার পরিবর্তে অর্থনৈতিক উন্নয়নের প্রস্তাব দেন। দেশের অর্থনৈতিক অবস্থার উন্নয়নে সরকারকে দেশের সম্পদ ব্যবহার করতে হবে। এটি
কৃষি ও পল্লী উন্নয়নে কাজ করতে পারে, উদ্যোক্তাদের এবং ব্যবসার জন্য
আর্থিক সহায়তা প্রদান করে, শ্রমিকদের জন্য মানবিক মর্যাদা সহকারে একটি
ভালো জীবন বজায় রাখার জন্য পর্যাপ্ত মজুরি প্রদান করে। সচেতনতার সাথে এক
জাগিয়ে তোলার মাধ্যমে শান্তি ও সৌহার্দ্য রক্ষণাবেক্ষণের পক্ষে সর্বাত্মক
সমর্থন জানানো হয়, যা একেবারে অপরিহার্য ছিল আধ্যাত্মিক
উন্নয়নের জন্য এবং দেখিয়েছে যে, তার সরকার যখন দুর্নীতিবাজ ও জঘন্য হয়ে
পড়ে তখন দেশ দুর্নীতিগ্রস্ত এবং অসন্তুষ্ট হয়ে উঠতে পারে। একটি দেশের জন্য সুখী হতে, এটি একটি ভাল এবং শুধু সরকার থাকতে হবে। কীভাবে এই সরকার গঠন করা হয়েছে, তার সুপারিশে “দশটি রাজকীয় গুণাবলী” শিরোনামে বিস্তারিত বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। (”দাস-রাজা ধম্ম”)। এই দশটি নিয়ম আজও যে কোন দেশের সরকার শান্তিপূর্ণভাবে দেশ শাসন করতে
চায় দ্বারা প্রয়োগ করা যেতে পারে। ‘দশটি রাজকীয় গুণাবলী’ নিম্নরূপ:
ডানা: উদারতা, উদারতা বা দাতব্য। দরিদ্রদের কাছে ভিক্ষা প্রদান এটি তার দরিদ্র প্রজাদের কল্যাণ সাধন করার জন্য রাজা (সরকার) এর দায়িত্ব। আদর্শ শাসককে তৃপ্তি এবং সংযুক্তি প্রদান না করেই সম্পদ ও সম্পত্তিকে বুদ্ধিমানতা প্রদান করা উচিত। অন্য কথায় তিনি সমৃদ্ধ তার অবস্থান ব্যবহার করার চেষ্টা করা উচিত নয়
Sila: নৈতিকতা - একটি উচ্চ নৈতিক চরিত্র তিনি
কমপক্ষে পাঁচটি প্রতারণা পালন করেন এবং নিজের প্রজাদের জন্য একটি উজ্জ্বল
দৃষ্টান্ত হতে ব্যক্তিগত ও প্রকাশ্য জীবনে উভয়টিই পালন করেন। এই গুণটি
খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ কারণ, যদি শাসক তা মেনে চলে, কঠোরভাবে, তারপর ঘুষ এবং
দুর্নীতি , সহিংসতা এবং indiscipline শাখা স্বয়ংক্রিয়ভাবে দেশের মধ্যে wiped হবে।
Comfort Pariccaga: লোকেদের ভাল কাজের জন্য উত্সর্গীকৃত করা হলে - ব্যক্তিগত নাম এবং খ্যাতি; এমনকি জীবন প্রয়োজন হলে উপহার ইত্যাদির মাধ্যমে শাসক আরও দক্ষ এবং আরো অনুগত সেবা পেতে প্রজাদের ছড়িয়ে দেয়।
আজজওয়া: সততা ও সততা তিনি একেবারে সহজবোধ্য হতে হবে এবং তার শেষগুলি অর্জন করার জন্য কোন বদ্ধ বা সন্দিহান উপায়ে সমর্পণ করবেন না। তার কর্তব্য পালনের মধ্যে তাকে ভয় বা অনুগ্রহ থেকে মুক্ত হতে হবে। বুদ্ধ ‘সিগালোভাদা সুত’তে একটি শ্লোকের মধ্যে বলেন,’ যদি একজন ব্যক্তি
পক্ষপাতিত্ব, ঘৃণা, ভয় বা অজ্ঞতা না থাকা সত্বেও ন্যায়বিচার বজায় রাখে,
তার জনপ্রিয়তা বেড়ে ওঠা চাঁদের মতো ‘
Maddava: দয়া বা সৌজন্যতা একটি শাসক এর ন্যায়পরায়ণতা দৃঢ়তা প্রয়োজন হতে পারে। কিন্তু এই দয়া এবং নম্রতা সঙ্গে পোষাক করা উচিত। অন্য কথায় একটি শাসক বেশী হবে না - কঠোর বা নিষ্ঠুর।
Tapa: অভ্যাস মধ্যে ইন্দ্রিয় এবং কঠোরতা সীমাবদ্ধতা বুদ্ধিমান আনন্দে অহংকার দেখানো, একটি আদর্শ সম্রাট তার পাঁচটি ইন্দ্রিয় নিয়ন্ত্রণে রাখেন। কিছু শাসক, তাদের অবস্থান ব্যবহার করে, নৈতিক আচরণকে ফাঁদে ফেলতে পারে - এটি একটি ভালো রাজাদের হয়ে উঠছে না।
অকোদ্ধা: অ-ঘৃণা শাসককে কারো বিরুদ্ধে কোন তিক্ততা দেখা উচিত নয়। সহিংসতার আশংকা ছাড়া তিনি ধৈর্য এবং প্রেম সঙ্গে কাজ করতে হবে।
অভিহমঃ অহিংসা তিনি
শুধুমাত্র কাউকে ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত থেকে বিরত না হওয়া উচিত কিন্তু প্রয়োজনে
শান্তি বজায় রাখার এবং যুদ্ধকে রোধ করার চেষ্টা করা উচিত। তিনি সর্বোচ্চ সম্ভাব্য পরিমাণে অহিংসা অনুশীলন করতে হবে যতদিন এটি একটি আদর্শ শাসকের প্রত্যাশিত দৃঢ়তার সাথে হস্তক্ষেপ করবে না।
খন্তি: ধৈর্য এবং সহনশীলতা তার গুনাহ ক্ষয় ছাড়াই, শাসক কঠোরতা এবং অপমান সহ্য করতে সক্ষম হওয়া উচিত। কোনও সময়ে তিনি আবেগ অনুভূতি ছাড়াই নিজেকে পরিচালনা করতে সক্ষম হবেন। তিনি একই আত্মা এবং সমতাবিজ্ঞান সহ উভয় bouquets এবং brickbats প্রাপ্ত করতে সক্ষম হওয়া উচিত।
অরিধঃ অ-বিরোধিতা ও অনাক্রম্যতা। শাসক জনগণের ইচ্ছার বিরোধিতা করবেন না। তিনি তাঁর প্রজাদের মধ্যে মিলনের আত্মা গড়ে তুলতে হবে। অন্য কথায় তিনি তাঁর লোকদের সাথে মিল রেখে শাসন করতে হবে।
মগধের রাজা রাজা অজসাত্ত্তু, তাঁর সার্বভৌমত্বের অধীনস্থ করার জন্য বাজাজি অঞ্চল আক্রমণ করিতে চেয়েছিলেন। তিনি প্রয়োজনীয় নির্দেশনা পেতে, তাঁর মুখ্যমন্ত্রী ভাসাকারা পাঠিয়ে সচেতনতার সঙ্গে জাগরণ একের পরামর্শ চাওয়া। সচেতনতা এর উপদেশ সঙ্গে জাগরণ এক ছিল যে Lakhchavis, Vajji শাসকদের
suppressed এবং পরাজিত না করা পর্যন্ত তারা সাত Dhhammas যা পরাজিত (Sapta
aparihaniya ধম্ম)
(i) তারা প্রতিদিনের প্রশাসনের সাথে সম্পর্কিত বিষয়গুলি নিয়ে আলোচনা করার জন্য নিয়মিত মিটিং করত।
(ii) তারা পূরণ, কাজ এবং একটি দল হিসাবে ছড়িয়ে।
(iii) তারা কঠোরভাবে দেশের আইন অনুসরণ করে।
(iv) তারা প্রাচীনদের কাছে বিনীত ছিল।
(5) তারা নারী-সম্প্রদায়ের প্রতি শ্রদ্ধাশীল এবং মহিলাদের নিপীড়ন নিন্দা করে।
(vi) তারা ধর্মীয় রীতিনীতি অনুসরণ করেছিল এবং তাদের রক্ষা করেছিল।
(vii) তারা পাদরীবাদের প্রতি শ্রদ্ধাশীল ছিলেন এবং তাদের পূজা করতেন।
লঞ্চভাষের রাজত্ব বাজী নামে পরিচিত ছিল এবং এটি শাসকদের সংখ্যাভুক্ত ছিল।
রাজধানী ছিল ভেসালী বা ভিসালা। শাসকদের মধ্যে ঐক্যটি ছিল বজাজি রাজ্যের
একতা ও সততার পিছনে প্রধান শক্তি।
একতা এবং শাসকদের আচরণ, ধন্য এক আরো পরামর্শ:
- একটি ভাল শাসক পক্ষপাতহীনভাবে কাজ করা উচিত এবং পক্ষপাতিত্ব করা উচিত
নয় এবং অন্যের বিরুদ্ধে একটি বিশেষ দলের বিষয়গুলির মধ্যে বৈষম্য করা
উচিত।
- একজন ভাল শাসক তার কোনও প্রজাদের বিরুদ্ধে কোনও ঘৃণা বা প্রতিবাদ করতে পারবে না।
- আইনের শাসন প্রয়োগে একজন ভাল শাসককে কোন ভয় দেখাতে হবে না, যদি এটি ন্যায়সঙ্গত হয়।
- একটি ভাল শাসককে অবশ্যই আইনটি পরিষ্কার করতে হবে যাতে এটি কার্যকর করা যায়। এটি প্রয়োগ করা উচিত না কারণ শাসক আইন প্রয়োগ করার ক্ষমতা আছে। এটি একটি যুক্তিসঙ্গতভাবে এবং সাধারণ জ্ঞান সঙ্গে করা আবশ্যক, বলেন, Ckkavatti Sihananda Sutta বলেন।
মিলিন্দ
পান্হায় এটি বলা হয়েছে: ‘যদি একজন মানুষ, যিনি অযোগ্য, অযোগ্য, অনৈতিক,
অনুপযুক্ত, রাজত্বের অযোগ্য এবং অযোগ্য, নিজেকে মহান রাজা কর্তৃক শাসন করেন
বা শাসক হিসেবে গণ্য করেন, তবে তিনি নির্যাতনের শিকার হন। মানুষের দ্বারা বিভিন্ন শাস্তি সাপেক্ষে, কারণ, অযোগ্য এবং অপ্রতুল, তিনি সার্বক্ষণীয়তার আসনে নিজেকে নির্বিচারে স্থাপন করেছেন। শাসক, অন্যদের মত যারা নৈতিক কোড এবং মানবজাতির সমস্ত সামাজিক আইন মৌলিক নিয়ম লঙ্ঘন এবং সীমাহীন, একইভাবে শাস্তি সাপেক্ষে; এবং এছাড়াও, নিন্দিত করা হয় শাসক যিনি জনসাধারণের একটি ডাকাত হিসাবে নিজেকে সঞ্চালিত হয়
সম্রাট
অশোক, এই নীতির একটি চমকপ্রদ উদাহরণ, ধম্ম অনুযায়ী প্রচার ও প্রচার এবং
তাঁর প্রজাদের এবং সমস্ত মানবতার সেবা করার জন্য সংকল্পবদ্ধ। তিনি
তার প্রতিবেশীদের কাছে তার অ আক্রমণাত্মক অভিপ্রায় ঘোষণা করেন, তাদের
শুভেচ্ছা তাদের আশ্বাস এবং শান্তি ও অ আক্রমণের বার্তা সহকারে দূরবর্তী
রাজাদের দূত পাঠান। তিনি
সততা, সততা, করুণাময়, অনুরাগী, অহিংস, সকলের প্রতি সহানুভূতিশীল আচরণ,
অক্লান্ততা, অকণ্ঠা, এবং পশুদের জন্য অ-আঘাতজনিত সামাজিক-নৈতিক গুণাবলীর
উচ্ছৃঙ্খল অভ্যাসকে উন্নীত করেন। তিনি ধর্মীয় স্বাধীনতা এবং একে অপরের ধর্মের প্রতি পারস্পরিক সম্মান উত্সাহিত করেছিলেন। তিনি ধম্মকে গ্রামাঞ্চলে প্রচারের সময় পর্যায়ক্রমে ভ্রমণ করেন। তিনি
জনসাধারণের ব্যবহার, যেমন পুরুষদের এবং পশুর জন্য হাসপাতাল প্রতিষ্ঠা,
রাস্তাঘাটের গাছপালা এবং শস্যক্ষেত্রের গাছপালা, কুণ্ডলী খনন, এবং পানি শাথ
এবং বিশ্রাম ঘর নির্মাণের কাজগুলি পরিচালনা করেন। তিনি স্পষ্টভাবে পশুদের নিষ্ঠুরতা নিষিদ্ধ করেছেন।
কখনও কখনও সচেতনতার সাথে জাগিয়ে তোলা একজন রাজনীতিবিদ-সামাজিক সংস্কারক এবং অর্থনৈতিক ইমামতিক বলে মনে করা হয়। অন্যান্য
বিষয়গুলির মধ্যে, সম্প্রদায়ের সমতা স্বীকৃত, জাতি-রাষ্ট্রীয় অবস্থার
উন্নতির কথা বলে, ধনী ও দরিদ্রদের মধ্যে সম্পদ সমানভাবে সমানভাবে ভাগ করে
নেওয়া, নারীর অবস্থা উত্থাপিত করা, জাগতিক পদ্ধতিতে নিন্দা করা,
সুপারিশকৃত সরকার ও প্রশাসনে মানবতা প্রতিষ্ঠা, এবং শেখানো যে একটি সমাজ লোভ দ্বারা চালানো উচিত নয় কিন্তু মানুষের জন্য বিবেচনা এবং সমবেদনা এই
সব সত্ত্বেও, মানবজাতির সচেতনতার অবদান একের সাথে জাগিয়ে তুলুন, যেহেতু
আশীর্বাদপ্রাপ্ত ব্যক্তি এমন একটি সময়ে এসেছেন যে কোনও সমাজ সংস্কারক আগে
বা কখনো কখনো তা করা হয়েছে, অর্থাৎ, মানুষের অসুস্থদের গভীরতম শিকড়ে যা
যা পাওয়া যায় মানুষের মনের মধ্যে
সব প্রাণীই সুখী এবং সুখী এবং চূড়ান্ত লক্ষ্য হিসাবে আধ্যাত্মিক সুখের ফল অর্জন করে।
စီးပွားရေးနှင့်နိုင်ငံရေးသက်သာချောင်ချိရေးလျစ်လျူရှုမြင့်မားတဲ့အတွေးအခေါ်အတွေးစိတ်ဝင်စားကြောင်းကောက်ချက်ချမှားဖြစ်ပါတယ်။
ကိုယ်ကျင့်တရားနှင့်ဝိညာဉ်အပေါ်အခြေခံပြီးစင်ကြယ်သောအသက်တာကိုဦးဆောင်ခြင်းမရှိဘဲမဖြစ်နိုင်ပါကြီးအဖြစ်ပွားနှင့်အတူနိုးထတစ်ခုမှာအားလုံးသတ္တဝါတွေဆီသို့ဦးတည်ကြင်နာမှုနှင့်သနားစုံမက်တစ်အံ့ဘွယ်သော
repository
ကိုကြီးနှင့်လူသားထုမသာ၏ပျော်ရွှင်မှုကို၌အလွန်စိတ်ဝင်စားခဲ့ပါတယ်ဒါပေမယ့်ရှိသမျှသည်အခြားသောသတ္တဝါများ၏
လက်ဆောင်နှင့်မက်လုံးများပေးချေမှုအားဖြင့်အဓိကအားဖြင့်ရင်းနှီးစွာလုပ်ရပါမည်။
ပွားနှင့်အတူနိုးထတစ်ခုမှာတစ်ချိန်ကတိုင်းပြည်ကိုအုပ်စိုးသောမင်းပဲနှင့်ကောင်းမွန်သောဖြစ်တဲ့အခါ,
ဝန်ကြီးများရုံနှင့်ကောင်းမွန်သောဖြစ်လာ ‘’ ဟုပြောသည်
ဒီနိယာမတစ်ခုတောက်ပဥပမာအတိုင်းအသက်ရှင်ဓမ္မတရားကိုဟောပြောနှင့်သူ့ဘာသာရပ်များအပေါင်းတို့နှင့်လူသားမျိုးနွယ်အပေါ်ဝတ်ပြုဖို့ဆုံးဖြတ်လိုက်တယ်။
Non-ကျူးကျော်သူ့ရဲ့မက်ဆေ့ခ်ျကိုဆောင်သောဝေးကွာသောရှငျဘုရငျတို့ထံသို့သံတမန်ပေးပို့ခြင်း,
မိမိအိမ်နီးချင်းများကသူ့ကို non-ရန်လိုရည်ရွယ်ချက်ကြေညာခဲ့ပါတယ်။
ထိုကဲ့သို့သောယောက်ျားနှင့်တိရစ္ဆာန်များအဘို့ဆေးရုံများ၏တည်ထောင်အဖြစ်အများပြည်သူ
utility ကို၏အကျင့်, ပါသည်။
လူမှုစီးပွားရေးအခြေအနေများတိုးတက်ကောင်းမွန်လာရန်လိုအပ်ကြောင်းအပေါ်စကားသူဌေးနှင့်ဆင်းရဲသောအကြားဥစ္စာဓနတစ်ဦးထက်ပိုသောသာတူညီမျှဖြန့်ဖြူး၏အရေးပါမှုကိုအသိအမှတ်ပြု,
အကြံပြု, အမျိုးသမီးများ၏ status ကြီးပြင်း
ပြုသမျှမပြုမီသို့မဟုတ်အစဉ်အဆက်ကတည်းကအရာမျှမကအခြားလူမှုရေးပြုပြင်ပြောင်းလဲရေးသမားတစ်ဦးပွိုင့်မှာချွတ်သောကွောငျ့ဤအရာအလုံးစုံနေသော်လည်းလူသားတို့အားပွားရဲ့ပံ့ပိုးမှုများဖြင့်နိုးထတစ်ခုမှာအများကြီး
သာ. ကြီးမြတ်သည်
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