‘No force can stop me from becoming PM’ 34) Classical Greek 34) Κλασσική Ελληνική 36) Classical Haitian Creole- ‘No force can stop me from becoming PM’
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105 CLASSICAL LANGUAGES
Paṭisambhidā Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca Paricaya
Nikhilavijjālaya ca ñātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya
http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105 Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsā She can rule Prabuddha Bharat
The most important woman
of Prabuddha Bharat is all set to rock the established hierarchy of
power as the ambitious leader of a formidable coalition. The country
suddenly gets another prime minister in waiting,
She can rule Prabuddha Bharat
The most important woman
of Prabuddha Bharat is all set to rock the established hierarchy of
power as the ambitious leader of a formidable coalition. The country
suddenly gets another prime minister in waiting,
https://dhammawiki.com/…/1-10_
1-10 early to recent Chronology of Pali Canon
Thomas William Rhys Davids in his Buddhist India (p. 188) has given a
chronological table of Buddhist literature from the time of the Buddha
to the time of Ashoka which is as follows:
1. The simple statements of Buddhist doctrine now found, in identical
words, in paragraphs or verses recurring in all the books.
2. Episodes found, in identical words, in two or more of the existing books.
3. The Silas, the Parayana, the Octades, the Patimokkha.
4. The Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, and Samyutta Nikayas.
5. The Sutta Nipata, the Thera and Theri Gathas, the Udanas, and the Khuddaka Patha.
6. The Sutta Vibhanga, and Khandhkas.
7. The Jatakas and the Dhammapadas.
8. The Niddesa, the Itivuttakas and the Patisambbhida.
9. The Peta and Vimana-Vatthus, the Apadana, the Cariya-Pitaka, and the Buddhavamsa.
10. The Abhidhamma books; the last of which is the Katha-Vatthu, and the earliest probably the Puggala-Pannatti.
Those listed at the top or near the top, such as numbers one to five,
are considered the earliest, oldest texts and the most likely to be
authentic and the exact words of the Buddha. The later texts and the
commentaries and the Visuddhimagga, are held in very high esteem by
Classical Theravada, whereas, the Modern Theravada focuses on the
earliest teachings of the Buddha.
Modern Theravada
Main article: Modern Theravada
Bhikkhu Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera and others have their doubts, as do
modern scholars about the later texts and if they are Buddhavacana
(exact words of Buddha) or not. Modern Theravadins probably hold a
slight variety of opinions but probably take one of the following:
1. The first four Nikayas in their entirety are Buddhavacana, plus the
following books from the Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka,
Sutta Nipata, Theragatha, and Therigatha; and the Patimokkha from the
Vinaya. (That would still make the Buddhavacana portion of the Tipitaka
roughly 30 out of 40 volumes.)
2. All of the above, plus the
other books of the Khuddaka Nikaya, plus the other Vinaya books, plus
the Abhidhamma, but see them as written by later disciples of the
Buddha, who may have been arahants and thus, still worthy to be included
in the Canon, although not likely part of Original Buddhism.
The
scholar monks Ajahn Sujato and Ajahn Brahmali have written the book The
Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts and they are in agreement with
number one above, consisting of the first 4 Nikayas and some of the
Khuddaka Nikaya as Buddhavacana.
See also: Original Buddhism
References
http://www.thedhamma.com/
The Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts Buddhist Publication Society, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 early to recent Chronology of Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids in his Buddhist India (p. 188) has given a
chronological table of Buddhist literature from the time of the Buddha
to the time of Ashoka which is as follows:
25) Classical Estonian
Insight Net - TASUTA Online Tipiťaka Uurimis- ja praktikaülikool ja
sellega seotud UUDISED läbi http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org 105 KLASSI
KEELADES Paṭisambhidā
Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca Paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya
ca ṇatibhūta Pavatti Nissāya http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Seṭthhaganthāyatta Bhāsā on Online NEWS CHANNEL
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1-10 varajane kuni hiljuti kronoloogia Pali Canon Thomas
William Rhys Davids oma budistlikust Indiast (lk 188) on Buddhi
ajahetkele Ashoki ajaks andnud Budapesti kirjanduse kronoloogilise
tabeli, mis on järgmine: 1. Budistliku õpetuse lihtsad avaldused leidsid nüüd identsed sõnad lõigetes ja salmides, mis korduvad kõigis raamatutes. 2. Episoodid, mis identsetes sõnades leiti kahes või enamas olemasolevas raamatus. 3. Silas, Parayana, oktoobrid, Patimokkha. 4. Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara ja Samyutta Nikayas. 5. Sutta Nipata, Thera ja Theri Gathas, Udanas ja Khuddaka Patha. 6. Sutta Vibhanga ja Khandhakas. 7. Jatakas ja Dhammapadas. 8. Niddesa, Itivuttakas ja Patisambbhida. 9. Peta ja Vimana-Vatthus, Apadana, Cariya-Pitaka ja Buddhavamsa. 10. Abhidhamma raamatud; millest viimane on Katha-Vatthu ja kõige varem Puggala-Pannatti. Need,
mis on loetletud ülaosas või ülaservas, näiteks numbrid üks kuni viis,
peetakse vanimateks ja vanimateks tekstideks ning kõige tõenäolisemalt
on need autentsed ja täpsed Buddha sõnad. Hilisemad
tekstid ja kommentaarid ning Visuddhimagga peetakse klassikalise
Theravada väga kõrgel tasemel, samal ajal kui Modern Theravada keskendub
Buddha esimestele õpetustele.
Kaasaegne Theravada Peamine artikkel: kaasaegne Theravada Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera ja teised on oma kahtlusi, nagu ka kaasaegsed
teadlased hilisemate tekstide kohta ja kas nad on Buddhavacana (täpne
Buddha sõna) või mitte. Kaasaegsed Theravadinsil on ilmselt vähe erinevaid arvamusi, kuid ilmselt võite võtta ühe järgmistest: 1.
Esimesed neli Nikayat tervikuna on Buddhavacana, lisaks on järgmised
raamatud: Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata,
Theragatha ja Therigatha; ja Patimokkha Vinaiast. (See muudaks Tipitaka Buddhavacana osa 40-le mahult ligikaudu 30-ni.) 2.
Kõik ülaltoodud, pluss teised Khuddaka Nikaya raamatud ja teised Vinaya
raamatud ja Abhidhamma, kuid vaadake neid, nagu on kirjutanud Buddha
järgnevad jüngrid, kes võisid olla arahandid ja seega endiselt väärt
olla mis sisaldub Canoni, kuigi see ei ole tõenäoliselt originaalse budismi osa. Õppurite
mungad Ajahn Sujato ja Ajahn Brahmali on kirjutanud raamatu “Varasemate
budistlike tekstide autentsus” ja need on kooskõlas eespool toodud
numbriga 1, mis koosneb esimesest neljast Nikayast ja mõnest Khuddaka
Nikaya kui Buddhavacanast. Vaata ka: Original budism
Viited Buddha nimekirja täielik raamat - selgitatud. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Ajalooliste budistlike tekstide autentsus budistliku väljaandeseltsi 2014. a.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 varajane kuni hiljuti kronoloogia Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids oma budistlikust Indiast (lk 188) on Buddhi
ajahetkele Ashoki ajaks andnud Budapesti kirjanduse kronoloogilise
tabeli, mis on järgmine:
Insight Net - LIBRE Online Tipiṭaka Research and Practice University at
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105 Classical LANGUAGES Paṭisambhidā
Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca Paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya
ca ñātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsā ay isang Online NEWS CHANNEL
Pagtutustos ng higit sa 3000 Mga Email:
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1-10 maaga sa kamakailang Kronolohiya ng Pali Canon Si
Thomas William Rhys Davids sa kanyang Buddhist India (p. 188) ay
nagbigay ng kronolohikal na talahanayan ng mga Buddhist literature mula
sa panahon ng Buddha hanggang sa oras ng Ashoka na kung saan ay ang mga
sumusunod: 1.
Ang mga simpleng pahayag ng doktrina ng Budismo na matatagpuan ngayon,
sa magkatulad na mga salita, sa mga talata o mga berso na umuulit sa
lahat ng mga aklat. 2. Natagpuan ang mga episode, sa magkatulad na mga salita, sa dalawa o higit pa sa mga kasalukuyang aklat. 3. Ang Silas, ang Parayana, ang mga Oktubre, ang Patimokkha. 4. Ang Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, at Samyutta Nikayas. 5. Ang Sutta Nipata, ang Thera at Theri Gathas, ang Udanas, at ang Khuddaka Patha. 6. Ang Sutta Vibhanga, at Khandhkas. 7. Ang Jatakas at ang Dhammapadas. 8. Ang Niddesa, ang Itivuttakas at ang Patisambbhida. 9. Ang Mapa at Vimana-Vatthus, ang Apadana, ang Cariya-Pitaka, at ang Buddhavamsa. 10. Ang mga aklat ng Abhidhamma; ang huling na kung saan ay ang Katha-Vatthu, at ang pinakamaagang marahil ang Puggala-Pannatti. Ang
mga nakalista sa itaas o malapit sa tuktok, tulad ng mga numero ng isa
hanggang limang, ay itinuturing na pinakamaagang, pinakamatandang mga
teksto at ang pinaka-malamang na maging tunay at ang eksaktong mga
salita ng Buddha. Ang
mga huling teksto at ang mga komentaryo at ang Visuddhimagga, ay
itinatag sa mataas na pagpapahalaga sa pamamagitan ng Classical
Theravada, samantalang, ang Modern Theravada ay nakatuon sa
pinakamaagang aral ng Buddha.
Modern Theravada Pangunahing artikulo: Modern Theravada Ang
Bhikkhu Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera at iba pa ay may mga pagdududa, tulad
ng mga modernong iskolar tungkol sa mga huling teksto at kung sila ay
Budavacana (tumpak na mga salita ng Buddha) o hindi. Ang mga modernong Theravadin ay malamang na mayroong iba’t ibang opinyon ngunit malamang na tumagal ng isa sa mga sumusunod: 1.
Ang unang apat na Nikayas sa kabuuan ay Buddhavacana, kasama ang mga
sumusunod na aklat mula sa Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana,
Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata, Theragatha, at Therigatha; at ang Patimokkha mula sa Vinaya. (Iyon ay gagawin pa rin ang bahagi ng Buddhavacana ng Tipitaka na humigit kumulang sa 30 sa 40 na volume.) 2.
Ang lahat ng nasa itaas, kasama ang iba pang mga aklat ng Khuddaka
Nikaya, kasama ang iba pang mga aklat ng Vinaya, kasama ang Abhidhamma,
ngunit tingnan ang mga ito na isinulat ng mga huling alagad ng Buddha,
na maaaring naging mga Arahants at sa gayon, karapat-dapat pa rin kasama sa Canon, bagaman hindi posibleng bahagi ng Orihinal na Budismo. Ang
mga monghe ng scholar na sina Ajahn Sujato at Ajahn Brahmali ay
nagsulat ng aklat na Ang Pagkatotoo ng Maagang Budistang Mga Teksto at
ang mga ito ay sumasang-ayon sa numero sa itaas, na binubuo ng unang 4
Nikayas at ilan sa Khuddaka Nikaya bilang Buddhavacana. Tingnan din ang: Orihinal na Budismo
Mga sanggunian Ang Kumpletong Aklat ng Mga Listahan ng Buddha - Ipinaliwanag. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Ang Pagkatotoo ng Maagang Mga Tekstong Budista Buddhist Publication Society, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 maaga sa kamakailang Chronology ng Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Si
Thomas William Rhys Davids sa kanyang Buddhist India (p. 188) ay
nagbigay ng kronolohikal na talahanayan ng mga Buddhist literature mula
sa panahon ng Buddha hanggang sa oras ng Ashoka na kung saan ay ang mga
sumusunod:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXOaVE9ez4A
Secrets of the East & Filipino Mysticism
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Published on Mar 12, 2016
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talk about the Secrets of the East. Some of the topics discussed were
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Buddha
27) Classical Finnish
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105 CLASSICAL LANGUAGES
Paṭisambhidā
Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya
āātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsā
on Online NEWS CHANNEL
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1-10 aikaisintaan viimeiseen Pali Canonin kronologiaan
Thomas
William Rhys Davids buddhalaisessa Intiassa (s. 188) on antanut
kronologisen taulukon buddhalaisesta kirjallisuudesta Buddhan
ajankohdasta Ashokaan, joka on seuraava:
1.
Buddhalaisen opetuksen yksinkertaiset lausunnot löytyvät nyt
identtisiltä sanoilta kappaleissa tai jakeissa, jotka toistuvat kaikissa
kirjoissa.
2. Episodit löytyvät identtisiltä sanoilta kahdesta tai useammasta nykyisestä kirjoista.
3. Silas, Parayana, Octades, Patimokkha.
4. Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara ja Samyutta Nikayas.
5. Sutta Nipata, Thera ja Theri Gathas, Udanas ja Khuddaka Patha.
6. Sutta Vibhanga ja Khandhkas.
7. Jatakas ja Dhammapadas.
8. Niddesa, Itivuttakas ja Patisambbhida.
9. Peta ja Vimana-Vatthus, Apadana, Cariya-Pitaka ja Buddhavamsa.
10. Abhidhamma-kirjat; joista viimeinen on Katha-Vatthu, ja aikaisintaan luultavasti Puggala-Pannatti.
Yläosassa
tai lähellä yläosaa, kuten numeroita yhdestä viiteen, katsotaan
aikaisintaan, vanhoimpia tekstejä ja todennäköisimmin aitoja ja Buddhan
tarkkoja sanoja. Tulevat
tekstit ja kommentit sekä Visuddhimagga pidetään hyvin arvostetussa
klassisessa Theravadassa, kun taas Modern Theravada keskittyy Buddhan
aikaisimpiin opetuksiin.
Modern Theravada
Pääartikkeli: Modern Theravada
Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera ja muut epäilevät, samoin kuin nykypäivän
tutkijat myöhemmistä teksteistä ja jos he ovat Buddhavacana
(Buddha-sanat). Modernit Theravadinit todennäköisesti pitävät hieman erilaisia mielipiteitä, mutta todennäköisesti jotain seuraavista:
1.
Ensimmäiset neljä Nikayaa ovat kokonaisuudessaan Buddhavacana sekä
seuraavat Khuddaka Nikaya -kirjat: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta
Nipata, Theragatha ja Therigatha; ja Patimokkha Vinayasta. (Tämä tekisi kuitenkin Buddhavacanan osan Tipitakasta noin 30: sta 40: stä tilavuudesta.)
2.
Kaikki edellä mainitut, samoin kuin Khuddaka Nikayan muut kirjat ja
muut Vinayn kirjat sekä Abhidhamma, mutta näe niitä sellaisina kuin ne
ovat kirjoittaneet myöhemmät Buddhan opetuslapset, jotka ovat saattaneet
olla arahantteja ja siten edelleen arvokkaita sisältyy Canonin, vaikkakaan ei todennäköisesti osa alkuperäistä buddhalaisuutta.
Apulainen
munkit Ajahn Sujato ja Ajahn Brahmali ovat kirjoittaneet varhaisen
buddhalaisen tekstin Authenticity ja he ovat yhtä mieltä edellä olevasta
numerosta, joka koostuu neljästä ensimmäisestä Nikayasta ja joistakin
Khuddaka Nikaya Buddhavacanasta.
Katso myös: Alkuperäinen buddhalaisuus
Viitteet
Buddhan listojen täydellinen kirja - selitetty. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Buddhalaisen julkaisun yhteiskunnan aikaisten buddhalaisten tekstien aitous.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 aikaisintaan viimeiseen Pali Canonin kronologiaan - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids buddhalaisessa Intiassa (s. 188) on antanut
kronologisen taulukon buddhalaisesta kirjallisuudesta Buddhan
ajankohdasta Ashokaan, joka on seuraava:
https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/animation
Read more at: https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/animation
Animation Quotes
https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/animation
Animation is just another way of telling a story. Christopher Miller
Animation Quotes
Animation offers a medium of story telling and visual entertainment
which can bring pleasure and information to people of all ages
everywhere in the world.
Animation can explain whatever the mind
of man can conceive. This facility makes it the most versatile and
explicit means of communication yet devised for quick mass appreciation.
Animation is different from other parts. Its language is the
language of caricature. Our most difficult job was to develop the
cartoon’s unnatural but seemingly natural anatomy for humans and
animals. Walt Disney
Computers don’t create computer animation
any more than a pencil creates pencil animation. What creates computer
animation is the artist.
People who get into animation tend to
be kids. We don’t have to grow up. But also, animators are great
observers, and there’s this childlike wonder and interest in the world,
the observation of little things that happen in life.
In
computer animation, every detail has to be thought out, designed,
modeled, shaded, placed and lit. The more you add, the more computer
memory you need.
If you’re sitting in your minivan, playing your
computer animated films for your children in the back seat, is it the
animation that’s entertaining you as you drive and listen? No, it’s the
storytelling. That’s why we put so much importance on story. No amount
of great animation will save a bad story.
When I started work
with LucasArts Computer Division back in 1984, I went to the Palace of
Fine Arts and saw the Festival of Animation for the first time. I loved
the diverse collection of animated films the festival held.
When
you take something that’s inert, and through motion, give it life, make
it appear to be alive, living, breathing thinking and having emotions,
that’s animation. But when you take something that’s live-action, and
move a part of it, that’s a special effect. John Lasseter
False
friendship, like the ivy, decays and ruins the walls it embraces; but
true friendship gives new life and animation to the object it supports.
Richard Burton
Animation is not the art of drawings that move but the art of movements that are drawn. Norman McLaren
Animation is about creating the illusion of life. And you can’t create it if you don’t have one. Brad Bird
Well, luckily with animation, fantasy is your friend.
In ‘83, not only was there no such thing as performance motion capture
technology, there was no such thing as digital animation. This was the
analog era.
I believe in 3D for certain kinds of films. I
certainly believe in using 3D for all things in animation because
animation has such clarity and so much depth of focus. It worked great
with ‘Avatar’ because 70 percent of that film is animated. Steven
Spielberg
I grew up, obviously, watching tons of animation;
Saturday morning cartoons or anything that we could get our hands on.
And then when ‘The Simpsons’ premiered, that just kind of changed the
landscape of everything. We hadn’t had prime time animations since ‘The
Flintstones.’ Rachael MacFarlane
The Italian character in general
is full of animation, and the natives enter into the interests and
welfare of the stranger before them with a fervor that forbids all doubt
of its sincerity and that is truly surprising. William Godwin
Computer animation is one way to liberate people from their
circumstantial gravity, and it is one way to give them mental freedom.
Cai Guo-Qiang
Animation has completely changed, and I’ve always been a big fan. Shia LaBeou
‘Aladdin’ was probably my favorite Disney animation when I was a kid.
The animation was great and Robin Williams was unbelievable as the
Genie. ‘Aladdin’ was an amazing adventure and the lead character was a
hero for guys, which I loved. It wasn’t a princess or a girl beating the
odds; it was a street rat. That seemed really cool to me. Zachary Levi
When I get up in the morning and put on a pink or a green wig, I see
myself as a piece of animation. It lets me be the person I want to be, a
person who’s not embarrassed to have fun. Nicki Minaj
I started
to do stop-motion when I was a kid. You take a Super 8 and make some
models, and move, click, move, click. All that. I love all forms of
animation, but there is something unique and special to stop-motion:
it’s more real and the set is lit like a set. But I think it’s also a
kind of lonely and dark thing to want to do. Tim Burton
I think,
in Japan, animation isn’t relegated to being a genre unto itself. It’s
just a medium by which you can tell any number of stories, be it horror
or action or adventure or drama or whatever, and we’re trying to do that
as well. Every film that you go see from Pixar, we’re hoping is a
little bit of a surprise. Pete Docter
It’s funny: in the middle
of making ‘The Muse,’ I was offered, at the time, the first ‘Ice Age,’
the part that Ray Romano took: I was offered the elephant. And I
couldn’t even stop to breathe, so I didn’t do it. They’ve made, like,
six of them. And in the animation business, for a voice actor, that’s
what you want. You want six, you know? Albert Brooks
I prefer
that animation reach into places where live action doesn’t go, and it
seems like all of animation nowadays is trying to go where live action
is. Don Bluth
I am an animator. I feel like I’m the manager of a
animation cinema factory. I am not an executive. I’m rather like a
foreman, like the boss of a team of craftsmen. That is the spirit of how
I work. Hayao Miyazaki
In a movie, it’s often important to have
aliens whose gestures and facial expressions can be ‘read’ by humans.
And in the days before sophisticated computer animation, most
extraterrestrial bit players were guys in rubber suits. Such practical
considerations forced Hollywood’s hand when it came to aliens - they
look like us for good reasons. Seth Shostak
With animation,
because you can draw anything and do anything and have the characters do
whatever you want, the tendency is to be very loose with the boundaries
and the rules.
There’s always room out there for the hand-drawn
image. I personally like the imperfection of hand drawing as opposed to
the slick look of computer animation. But you can do good stuff either
way. The Pixar movies are amazing in what they do, but there’s plenty of
independent animators who are doing really amazing things as well. Matt
Groening
What’s most important in animation is the emotions and the ideas being portrayed. I’m a great believer of energy and emotion.
Cartooning at its best is a fine art. I’m a cartoonist who works in the
medium of animation, which also allows me to paint my cartoons. Ralph
Bakshi
I brought in the stories many times. I don’t just do animation. Ray Harryhausen
Animation is a technique, not a genre. Gore Verbinski
Animation is tremendously resilient. Animation will recover, as art
always recovers. There’s always cycles of good art. Ralph Bakshi
The nice thing about animation is that you can realise your inventions without understanding all the hard theory. Nick Park
The title ‘Spirited Away’ could refer to what Disney has done on a
corporate level to the revered Japanese animation director Hayao
Miyazaki’s epic and marvelous new anime fantasy. Elvis Mitchell
If you are going to describe the history of animation, you’d look at the
early Disney work, then ‘Bugs Bunny,’ ‘Road Runner’ and other Warner
Brothers theatrical productions. But when you got to ‘Rocky and
Bullwinkle,’ you’d see they were unique: They assumed you had a brain in
your head. Ray Bradbury
My secret ambition was always to provide
music for animation films: something with an Indian theme, either a
fairy tale or mythological tale or on the Krishna theme. I still have a
very deep desire, but these sorts of chances don’t always come. Ravi Shankar Maharaj Kalabhra
You must lose yourself if you want to be successful in animation and be the character. Lucille Bliss
What I love most about animation is, it’s a team sport, and everything we do is about pure imagination. Jeffrey Katzenberg
I think animation is like running a marathon, and making a movie is
like a 100 meter sprint. The question is: are you a marathon man or are
you a sprinter? I realized that I was more of a sprinter than a marathon
man. With a long, long project, I get bored easily. Marjane Satrapi
When you do animation - well, straightforward animation, although it’s
not straightforward - the voice for a character or something, they’re
always singular experiences, really. Andy Serkis
I was influenced
by Ray Harryhausen and Lotte Reiniger, with her twitchy, cutout
animation, which I happened to see at a very young age, but also by the
Warner Bros. cartoons, ‘Tom and Jerry,’ and of course Disney. And also
by Fellini’s ‘Giulietta of the Spirits’ and Kurosawa’s ‘Ran.’ And by
other American illustrators and painters. Henry Selick
I’ll do
anything that sparks me. Sometimes I’ll want to do something random with
ballet, and then I’ll want to be a hippie caterpillar in an animation
film. Who knows what will come my way, but I’m going to try and put
little hints into the universe, and hopefully they’ll float on by. Sasha
Lane
That’s the beauty of the animation process: It takes so long, you have so many chances to improve it. Phil Lord
One of the things I learned in animation is that you never, ever want
to start doing a voice that you can’t sustain for four straight hours.
Pamela Adlon
I’m in love with kid’s stories and animation. Toni Braxton
28) Classical French
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1-10 Chronologie de Canon Pali
Thomas
William Rhys Davids dans son Inde bouddhiste (p.188) a donné un tableau
chronologique de la littérature bouddhiste de l’époque du Bouddha à
l’époque d’Ashoka qui est la suivante:
1.
Les simples énoncés de la doctrine bouddhiste se retrouvent maintenant,
en mots identiques, dans des paragraphes ou versets récurrents dans
tous les livres.
2. Les épisodes trouvés, dans des mots identiques, dans deux ou plusieurs des livres existants.
3. Les Silas, les Parayana, les Octades, les Patimokkha.
4. Le Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara et Samyutta Nikayas.
5. Le Sutta Nipata, le Thera et le Theri Gathas, l’Udanas et le Khuddaka Patha.
6. Le Sutta Vibhanga et Khandhkas.
7. Les Jatakas et les Dhammapadas.
8. Le Niddesa, les Itivuttakas et les Patisambbhida.
9. Le Peta et Vimana-Vatthus, l’Apadana, le Cariya-Pitaka et le Buddhavamsa.
10. Les livres d’Abhidhamma; le dernier est le Katha-Vatthu, et le plus tôt probablement le Puggala-Pannatti.
Ceux
qui sont énumérés en haut ou près du sommet, tels que les numéros un à
cinq, sont considérés comme les textes les plus anciens et les plus
anciens et les plus susceptibles d’être authentiques et les mots exacts
du Bouddha. Les
textes ultérieurs et les commentaires et les Visuddhimagga sont très
estimés par le Classique Theravada, alors que le Modern Theravada se
concentre sur les premiers enseignements du Bouddha.
Theravada moderne
Article principal: Theravada moderne
Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera et d’autres ont leurs doutes, comme les
érudits modernes sur les textes ultérieurs et s’ils sont Buddhavacana
(les mots exacts de Bouddha) ou non. Theravadins modernes ont probablement une légère variété d’opinions, mais prennent probablement l’un des suivants:
1.
Les quatre premiers Nikayas dans leur intégralité sont Buddhavacana,
plus les livres suivants du Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana,
Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata, Theragatha, et Therigatha; et le Patimokkha du Vinaya. (Cela ferait encore de la portion de Buddhavacana du Tipitaka environ 30 volumes sur 40).
2.
Tout ce qui précède, plus les autres livres du Khuddaka Nikaya, plus
les autres livres de Vinaya, plus l’Abhidhamma, mais les voir comme
écrit par les disciples plus tard du Bouddha, qui peuvent avoir été des
arahants et donc, encore digne d’être inclus dans le Canon, mais ne fait probablement pas partie du bouddhisme original.
Les
moines savants Ajahn Sujato et Ajahn Brahmali ont écrit le livre
L’authenticité des premiers textes bouddhistes et ils sont en accord
avec le numéro un ci-dessus, composé des 4 premiers Nikayas et certains
des Khuddaka Nikaya comme Buddhavacana.
Voir aussi: Bouddhisme originel
Les références
Le livre complet des listes de Bouddha - Expliqué. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
L’Authenticité des premiers textes bouddhistes Société de publication bouddhiste, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 Chronologie du Canon Pali - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids dans son Inde bouddhiste (p.188) a donné un tableau
chronologique de la littérature bouddhiste de l’époque du Bouddha à
l’époque d’Ashoka qui est la suivante:
https://takelessons.com/blog/french-quotes-z04
50 French Quotes to Inspire and Delight You
December 22, 2015/7 Comments/by Megan L.
50 french quotes, proverbs, and sayings
There are countless French quotes and sayings about life, love, and
beauty that will delight any language lover. Keep reading and be
inspired to study this beautiful language!
Short French Quotes, Proverbs, and Famous Sayings About Life
The French have a unique and lovely perspective on life. Even hard life
lessons sound better in French! Here are 50 of the greatest, short and
beautiful French sayings with English translations.
1. À vaillant coeur rien d’impossible. -Jacques Cœur
“For a valiant heart nothing is impossible.”
Start learning new phrases & vocabulary today in one of our FREE online French classes!
A vaillant coeur rien d’impossible Franse quote
2. Dans une grande âme tout est grand. -Blaise Pascal
“In a great mind everything is great.”
3. Chacun voit midi à sa porte. -French proverb
“Everyone sees noon at his own door.”
4. Je pense, donc je suis. -Rene Descartes
“I think, therefore, I am.”
5. On ne change pas une équipe qui gagne. -French proverb
“One does not change a winning team.” In other words, if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.
6. Prouver que j’ai raison serait accorder que je puis avoir tort. -Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais
“Proving that I am right would be admitting that I could be wrong.”
7. On n’est point toujours une bête pour l’avoir été quelquefois. -Denis Diderot
“Being a fool sometimes does not make one a fool all the time.”
Famous French Saying by Denis Diderot
8. Il n’y a pas de verités moyennes. -Georges Bernanos
“There are no half-truths.”
9. Chassez le naturel, il revient au galop. -French proverb
“Chase away the natural and it returns at a gallop,” is very similar to the English saying about leopard and their spots.
10. Il vaut mieux prévenir que guérir. -French proverb
“It is better to prevent than to heal.”
11. Le temps est un grand maître, dit-on. Le malheur est qui’il tue ses élèves. -Hector Berlioz
“We say that time is a great teacher. It’s too bad that it kills all its students.”
12. Être adulte, c’est être seul. -Jean Rostand
“To be an adult is to be alone.”
13. Un homme seul est toujours en mauvaise compagnie. -Paul Valéry
“A lone man is always in poor company.”
14. A vaincre sans peril, on triomphe sans gloire. -Pierre Corneille
“To win without risk is a triumph without glory.”
15. L’enfer, c’est les autres. -Jean-Paul Sartre
“Hell is other people.”
16. La raison c’est la folie du plus fort. La raison du moins fort c’est de la folie. -Eugène Ionesco
“Reason is the madness of the strongest. The reason of those less strong is madness.”
17. Autres temps, autres mœurs. -French proverb
“Other times, other customs.”
18. La vérité vaut bien qu’on passe quelques années sans la trouver. -Jules Renard
“Truth is more valuable if it takes you a few years to find it.”
Truth is more valuable if it takes you a few years to find it.
19. Il faut bonne mémoire après au’on a menti. -Pierre Corneille
“A liar should have a good memory.”
20. Qui craint de souffrir, il souffre déjà de ce qu’il craint. -La Fontaine
“He who fears suffering is already suffering that which he fears.”
21. Il vaut mieux faire que dire. -Alfred de Musset
“Doing is better than saying.”
22. La parfaite valeur est de faire sans témoin ce qu’on serait capable de faire devant tout le monde. -La Rochefoucauld
“True valor is to do in secrecy what you could just have easily done before others.”
SEE ALSO: The 50 Most Beautiful French Words You’ll Ever Hear
French Quotes and Sayings About Love
French is often known as the language of love, so is it any wonder that
French thinkers have produced so many touching quotes that speak
straight to the heart? Here are some more delightful French sayings for
your enjoyment.
Victor Hugo Famous French Saying
23. La vie est une fleur dont l’amour est le miel. -Victor Hugo
“Life is a flower of which love is the honey.”
24. Il n’y a qu’un bonheur dans la vie, c’est d’aimer et d’être aimé. -George Sand
“There is only one happiness in life, to love and be loved.”
25. Aimer, ce n’est pas se regarder l’un l’autre, c’est regarder ensemble dans la même direction. -Antoine de Saint-Exupery
“Love doesn’t mean gazing at each other, but looking, together, in the same direction.”
Famous French Proverb by Antoine de Saint-Exupery
26. Choisissez votre femme par l’oreille bien plus que par les yeux. -French proverb
“Choose a wife rather by your ear than your eye.”
27. Plus l’offenseur m’est cher, plus je ressens l’injure. -Jean Racine
“The more dearly I hold the offender, the more strongly I feel the insult.”
28. Va, je ne te hais point. -Pierre Corneille
“Go, I don’t hate you.”
29. On n’aime que ce qu’on ne possède pas tout entier. -Marcel Proust
“We love only what we do not wholly possess.”
30. L’amour est comme le vent, nous ne savons pas d’où il vient. -Honoré de Balzac
“Love is like the wind, we never know where it will come from.”
31. La vie est un sommeil, l’amour en est le rêve. -Alfred de Musset
“Life is a long sleep and love is its dream.”
Famous French Proverb by Alfred de Musset
32. Le cœur a ses raisons que la raison ne connaît pas. -Blaise Pascal
“The heart has its reasons which reason knows nothing of.”
33. Le seul vrai langage au monde est un baiser. -Alfred de Musset
“The only true language in the world is a kiss.”
34. Entre deux cœurs qui s’aiment, nul besoin de paroles. -Marceline Desbordes-Valmore
“Two hearts in love need no words.”
35. Vivre sans aimer n’est pas proprement vivre. -Molière
“To live without loving is to not really live.”
Short French Quote by Moliere
36. Oh! Si tu pouvais lire dans mon coeur, tu verrais la place où je t’ai mise! -Gustave Flaubert
“If you could read my heart, you would see the place I have given you there.”
37. L’amour c’est être stupide ensemble. -Paul Valéry
“Love is being stupid together.”
38. Un seul être vous manque et tout est dépeuplé. -Alphonse de Lamartine
“Sometimes, only one person is missing, and the whole world seems depopulated.”
39. C’est cela l’amour, tout donner, tout sacrifier sans espoir de retour. -Albert Camus
“That is love, to give away everything, to sacrifice everything, without the slightest desire to get anything in return.”
40. L’amour est une passion qui ne se soumet à rien, et à qui au contraire, toutes choses se soumettent. -Madeleine de Scudéry
“Love is a passion which surrenders to nothing, but to the contrary, everything surrenders to love.”
41. Le prix d’Amour, c’est seulement Amour… Il faut aimer si l’on veut etre aimé… –Honoré d’Urfé
“The price of love is love itself. One must love if one wants to be loved…”
French Quotes and Sayings About the Arts
Finally, France is known for its rich history of art and literature.
Get inspired by some of these fantastic French quotes to make your own
masterpiece!
Short French Wisdom by Antoine de Saint Exupery
42. On ne voit bien qu’avec le coeur. -Antoine de Saint-Exupery
“We see well only with the heart.”
43. Un peuple malheureux fait les grands artistes. -Alfred de Musset
“An unhappy nation makes great artists.”
44. L’æuvre d’art, c’est une idée qu’on exagére. -André Gide
A work of art is an idea that someone exaggerates.”
45. Les livres sont des amis froids et sûrs. -Victor Hugo
“Books are cold and certain friends.”
46. Le monde est un livre dont chaque pas nous ouvre une page. -Alphonse de Lamartine
“The world is a book – with each step we open a page.”
Short Cute French Quote by Alphonse De Lamartine
47. Ècrire, c’est une façon de parler sans être interrompu. -Jules Renard
“Writing is a way to talk without being interrupted.”
48. Imaginer c’est choisir. -Jean Giono
“To imagine is to choose.”
Short French Quote by Jean Giono
49. Les chefs-d’oeuvre ne sont jamais que des tentatives heureuses. -George Sand
“Masterpieces are never anything else but happy attempts.”
50. La critique est aisée, mais l’art est difficile. -Philippe Destouches
“Criticism is easy, art is difficult.”
Do you know any French sayings or quotes that we missed? Share them with us in the comments below!
29) Classical Frisian
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relatearre Nijs fia http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org yn 105
KLASIKALENLANGUES Paṭisambhidā
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1-10 begjin nei resinte chronology fan Pali Canon Thomas
William Rhys Davids yn syn Buddhistyske Yndia (p. 188) hat in
kronologyske tafel fan ‘e Buddhistyske literatuer jûn oan’ e tiid fan ‘e
Buddha oan’ e tiid fan Ashoka, dy’t sa is: 1.
De ienfâldige ferklearring fan ‘e Buddhistyske leargong is no fûn, yn
identike wurden, yn paragrafen of fersyen dy’t yn alle boeken
weromkomme. 2. Episoden fûn, yn identike wurden, yn twa of mear fan de besteande boeken. 3. De Silas, de Parayana, de Octades, de Patimokkha. 4. De Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara en Samyutta Nikayas. 5. De Sutta Nipata, de Thera en Theri Gathas, de Udanas, en de Khuddaka Patha. 6. De Sutta Vibhanga, en Khandhkas. 7. De Jatakas en de Dhammapadas. 8. De Niddesa, de Itivuttakas en de Patisambbhida. 9. De Peta en Vimana-Vatthus, de Apadana, de Cariya-Pitaka, en de Buddhavamsa. 10. De Abhidhamma-boeken; de lêste dêrfan is de Katha-Vatthu, en it earderste wierskynlik de Puggala-Pannatti. Dy
opnij op ‘e top of boppe de top, lykas sifers fan ien oant fiif, wurde
beskôge as de earste, âldste teksten en de meast wierskynlik autentyk en
de krekte wurden fan’ e Buddha. De
lettere teksten en de kommentaren en de Visuddhimagga wurde hâlden yn
‘e hege manlju troch klassike Theravada, wylst de moderne Theravada him
op’ e earste learingen fan ‘e Buddha rjochtet.
Moderne Theravada Main article: Moderne Theravada Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera en oaren hawwe har twifels, lykas moderne
gelearden oer de lettere teksten en as se Buddhavacana (krekte wurden
fan Buddha) binne of net. Moderne Theravadins hâlde wierskynlik in leuke oanbod fan mieningen mar wierskynlik ien fan ‘e folgjende nimme: 1.
De earste fjouwer Nikayas yn har gehiel binne Buddhavacana, plus de
folgjende boeken út de Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka,
Sutta Nipata, Theragatha, en Therigata; en de Patimokkha fan ‘e Vinaya. (Dat soe it Buddhavacana-diel fan ‘e Tipitaka noch wol 30 fan 40 dielen meitsje.) 2.
Alle boppesteande, plus de oare boeken fan ‘e Khuddaka Nikaya, plus de
oare Vinaya-boeken, plus de Abhidhamma, mar sjogge se as skreaun troch
lettere learlingen fan’ e Buddha, dy’t wierskynlik west ha en dus noch
altyd wurdich te wurden opnommen yn ‘e Canon, hoewol net wierskynlik diel fan it Oriïdyske boeddisme. De
gelearde muontsen Ajahn Sujato en Ajahn Brahmali hawwe it boek De
Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts skreaun en se binne yn
oerienstimming mei nûmer ien boppe, besteande út de earste 4 Nikayas en
guon fan ‘e Khuddaka Nikaya as Buddhavacana. Sjoch ek: oarspronklik boeddisme
Referinsjes It komplete boek fan Buddha’s lêzen - ferklearre. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
De Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts Buddhist Publishing Society, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 begjin nei resinte chronology fan Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids yn syn Buddhistyske Yndia (p. 188) hat in
kronologyske tafel fan ‘e Buddhistyske literatuer jûn oan’ e tiid fan ‘e
Buddha oan’ e tiid fan Ashoka, dy’t sa is:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FO9rnPs6kEU
புத்தரின் பொன்மொழிகள், Buddha’s quotes in tamil
Tamil Quotes
Published on Nov 15, 2017
Tamil quotes of buddha, புத்தரின் பொன்மொழிகள்
Gautama Buddha also known as , Buddha or simply the Buddha, after the
title of Buddha, was an ascetic and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism
was founded.He is believed to have lived and taught mostly in the
eastern part of ancient India sometime between the sixth and fourth
centuries.
கௌதம புத்தரை அடிப்படையாகக்கொண்டு பௌத்த சமயம்
உருவாக்கப்பட்டது. இவர் கி.மு 563க்கும் கி.மு 483க்கும் இடையில்
வாழ்ந்தவர். கௌதமபுத்தர் கிறித்து பிறப்பதற்கு ஆறு நூற்றாண்டுகளுக்கு
முன்பே வாழ்ந்திருக்கலாம்
Category
People & Blogs
Buddha
30) Classical Galician
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LINGUAS CLÁSICAS
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1-10 a principios da cronoloxía recente de Pali Canon
Thomas
William Rhys Davids na súa India budista (p. 188) deu unha táboa
cronolóxica da literatura budista desde a época do Buda ata a época de
Ashoka que é a seguinte:
1.
As sinxelas declaracións da doutrina budista agora se atopan, en
palabras idénticas, en parágrafos ou versículos recurrentes en todos os
libros.
2. Episodios atopados, en palabras idénticas, en dous ou máis libros existentes.
3. Os Silas, o Parayana, o Octades, o Patimokkha.
4. Os Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara e Samyutta Nikayas.
5. O Sutta Nipata, o Thera e o Theri Gathas, os Udanas eo Patha Khuddaka.
6. O Sutta Vibhanga e Khandhkas.
7. Os Jatakas e os Dhammapadas.
8. A Niddesa, a Itivuttakas ea Patisambbhida.
9. A Peta e Vimana-Vatthus, a Apadana, a Cariya-Pitaka ea Buddhavamsa.
10. Os libros Abhidhamma; o último dos cales é o Katha-Vatthu, e canto antes é o Puggala-Pannatti.
Os
que figuran na parte superior ou na parte superior, como os números do 1
ao 5, considéranse os textos máis antigos e máis antigos e os máis
susceptibles de ser auténticos e as palabras exactas do Buda. Os
textos posteriores e os comentarios e os Visuddhimagga son moi ben
valorados pola Clásica Theravada, mentres que a Theravada Moderna
céntrase nas primeiras ensinanzas do Buda.
Teravada Moderna
Artigo principal: Theravada moderna
Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera e outros teñen as súas dúbidas, do mesmo
xeito que os eruditos modernos sobre os textos posteriores e se son
Buddhavacana (palabras exactas de Buda) ou non. Modern Theravadins probablemente ten unha pequena variedade de opinións, pero probablemente leve a cabo un dos seguintes:
1.
Os primeiros catro Nikayas na súa totalidade son Buddhavacana, máis os
seguintes libros do Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka,
Sutta Nipata, Theragatha e Therigatha; e os Patimokkha da Vinaya. (Isto faría que a porción Buddhavacana do Tipitaka sexa aproximadamente 30 de 40 volumes).
2.
Todos os anteriores, ademais dos outros libros do Khuddaka Nikaya, máis
os demais libros Vinaya, máis o Abhidhamma, pero os vexan escritos por
discípulos posteriores do Buda, que poden ser arahants e, polo tanto,
aínda dignos de ser incluído no Canon, aínda que non é probable parte do Budismo orixinal.
Os
eruditos monxes Ajahn Sujato e Ajahn Brahmali escribiron o libro The
Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts e están de acordo co número uno
anterior, composto polos primeiros 4 Nikayas e algúns do Khuddaka Nikaya
como Buddhavacana.
Ver tamén: Budismo orixinal
Referencias
O libro completo das listas de Buda - Explicado. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Autenticidade dos primeiros textos budistas da Sociedade de Publicacións Budistas de 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 a principios da cronoloxía recente de Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids na súa India budista (p. 188) deu unha táboa
cronolóxica da literatura budista desde a época do Buda ata a época de
Ashoka que é a seguinte:
31) Classical Georgian
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1-10 ადრეული ბოლო პერიოდის პალიუმის ქრონოლოგია
თომას
უილიამ რაის დევიდსი თავის ბუდისტურ ინდოეთში (ბ .188) ბუდაპეშტის დროიდან
ბუდისტური ლიტერატურის ქრონოლოგიური მაგიდა ალოკას დროიდან მისცა:
1. ბუდისტური დოქტრინის მარტივი განცხადებები იდენტური სიტყვებით, პარაგრაფებში ან ლექსებში ყველა წიგნში იწყება.
2. ეპიზოდები აღმოაჩინეს, იდენტური სიტყვებით, ორი ან მეტი არსებული წიგნებით.
3. სილა, ფარაიანა, ოკედა, პატიმმო.
4. დიღე, მაჯჯიმა, ანგუტა და სამუტტა ნიკასი.
5. სუტა ნიპატა, თერა და თერი გათასი, უდანა და ხადკა პატა.
6. სუტა ვიბანგა და ხანდჰასი.
7. ჯათაკა და დამპაპაები.
8. ნიდესი, იტივათა და პატისამბჰიდი.
9. პეტა და ვიმანა-ვატუსი, აპადანა, ქარია-პიკაკა და ბუდავაგამ.
10. აბჰიდამის წიგნები; რომელთა უკანასკნელი არის კატა-ვათუტი და ადრეული ალბათ Puggala-Pannatti.
ზემოთ
ჩამოთვლილ ზედა ან ზედა ნაწილში, როგორიცაა ნომრები ხუთიდან, ითვლება
ადრეული, უძველესი ტექსტები და, სავარაუდოდ, ნამდვილი და ბუდას ზუსტი
სიტყვები. შემდგომ
ტექსტებსა და კომენტარებს და ლექსჰიმგგას კლასიკური თეორდადის უდიდესი
პატივისცემა ეძღვნება, ხოლო თანამედროვე თერრადადა ყურადღებას უთმობს ბუდას
უძველეს სწავლებას.
თანამედროვე Theravada
მთავარი სტატია: Modern Theravada
ბიკიხ
ბოდი, დმმაავდუო თერა და სხვები ეჭვს იწვევენ, ისევე როგორც თანამედროვე
მკვლევარები მოგვიანებით ტექსტების შესახებ და თუ ისინი ბუდავაკანა (ბუდას
ზუსტი სიტყვები) თუ არა. თანამედროვე Theravadins ალბათ გამართავს მცირე განსხვავებული მოსაზრებები, მაგრამ ალბათ ერთი შემდეგი:
1.
პირველი ოთხი ნიკარა, მათ შორის ბუდავაკანა და ხუდაკა ნიქაას შემდეგი
წიგნები: დმამპადა, უდანა, იტივთაკა, სუტა ნიპატა, თრეგატა და თრიგრია; და პატიმოქადან ვინანასგან. (რომელიც ჯერ კიდევ ტიდიტაკადან ბუდასავქანას ნაწილს 40 ტომიდან 30-ს შეადგენდა).
2.
ზემოხსენებული, ხუდაკა ნიქაას სხვა წიგნები, ისევე როგორც სხვა ვინანას
წიგნები, ასევე აბიჰჰჰჰამჰმა, მაგრამ ხედავენ მათ, როგორც მოგვიანებით,
ბუდას მოწაფეები, რომლებიც შეიძლება იყვნენ არარაფანტები და, შესაბამისად, შედის Canon, თუმცა არ არის სავარაუდოდ ნაწილი ორიგინალური ბუდიზმი.
მეცნიერთა
ბერები აჯან სუატა და აჟან ბრაჰმალი წერდა წიგნს “ადრეული ბუდისტი
ტექსტების ავთენტურობას” და ისინი პირველ ნომერზე შეთანხმდნენ, რომლებიც
შედგება პირველი 4 ნიკარაისა და ხუდაკა ნიქაასგან, როგორც ბუდავაკანა.
აგრეთვე იხილე: ორიგინალური ბუდიზმი
ლიტერატურა
ბუდას სიების სრული წიგნი - განმარტა. დევიდ ნ. სინდერი, დოქტორი, დოქტორი.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
ადრეული ბუდისტი ტექსტების ნამდვილობა ბუდისტური პუბლიკაციის საზოგადოება, 2014.
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თომას
უილიამ რაის დევიდსი თავის ბუდისტურ ინდოეთში (ბ .188) ბუდაპეშტის დროიდან
ბუდისტური ლიტერატურის ქრონოლოგიური მაგიდა ალოკას დროიდან მისცა:
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1-10 früh zur jüngsten Chronologie von Pali Canon Thomas
William Rhys Davids hat in seinem buddhistischen Indien (S. 188) eine
chronologische Tabelle der buddhistischen Literatur von der Zeit des
Buddha bis zur Zeit von Ashoka gegeben, die wie folgt ist: 1.
Die einfachen Aussagen der buddhistischen Lehre finden sich nun in
identischen Worten in den in allen Büchern wiederkehrenden Absätzen oder
Versen wieder. 2. Episoden, die mit identischen Wörtern in zwei oder mehr vorhandenen Büchern gefunden wurden. 3. Die Silas, die Parayana, die Oktaden, die Patimokkha. 4. Die Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara und Samyutta Nikayas. 5. Die Sutta Nipata, die Thera und Theri Gathas, die Udanas und die Khuddaka Patha. 6. Die Sutta Vibhanga und Khandhkas. 7. Die Jatakas und die Dhammapadas. 8. Die Niddesa, die Itivuttakas und die Patisambhida. 9. Die Peta und Vimana-Vatthus, die Apadana, die Cariya-Pitaka und die Buddhavamsa. 10. Die Abhidhamma-Bücher; der letzte ist der Katha-Vatthu und der früheste wahrscheinlich der Puggala-Pannatti. Diejenigen,
die oben oder ganz oben aufgeführt sind, wie zum Beispiel die Nummern
eins bis fünf, gelten als die ältesten und ältesten Texte und sind am
ehesten authentisch und die genauen Worte Buddhas. Die
späteren Texte und die Kommentare und die Visuddhimagga werden vom
klassischen Theravada sehr geschätzt, während der moderne Theravada sich
auf die frühesten Lehren Buddhas konzentriert.
Modernes Theravada Hauptartikel: Moderne Theravada Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera und andere haben ihre Zweifel, ebenso wie
moderne Gelehrte über die späteren Texte und ob sie Buddhavacana (exakte
Worte Buddhas) sind oder nicht. Moderne Theravadins haben wahrscheinlich eine kleine Meinungsvielfalt, aber wahrscheinlich eine der folgenden: 1.
Die ersten vier Nikayas in ihrer Gesamtheit sind Buddhavacana, plus die
folgenden Bücher aus dem Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana,
Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata, Theragatha und Therigatha; und die Patimokkha aus dem Vinaya. (Das würde den Buddhavacana-Teil des Tipitaka immer noch etwa 30 von 40 Bänden ausmachen.) 2.
All das, plus die anderen Bücher des Khuddaka Nikaya, plus die anderen
Vinaya-Bücher, plus den Abhidhamma, aber sehe sie wie geschrieben von
späteren Schülern des Buddha, die vielleicht Arahants und somit immer
noch würdig waren in den Canon enthalten, obwohl nicht wahrscheinlich Teil des ursprünglichen Buddhismus. Die
Gelehrtenmönche Ajahn Sujato und Ajahn Brahmali haben das Buch Die
Authentizität früher buddhistischer Texte geschrieben und stimmen mit
der obigen Nummer eins überein, bestehend aus den ersten 4 Nikayas und
einigen Khuddaka Nikaya als Buddhavacana. Siehe auch: Ursprünglicher Buddhismus
Verweise Das vollständige Buch von Buddhas Listen - erklärt. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Die Authentizität der frühen buddhistischen Texte Buddhistische Publikationsgesellschaft, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 früh zur jüngsten Chronologie des Pali-Kanons - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids hat in seinem buddhistischen Indien (S. 188) eine
chronologische Tabelle der buddhistischen Literatur von der Zeit des
Buddha bis zur Zeit von Ashoka gegeben, die wie folgt ist:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I26JZri1A1o
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1-10 νωρίς στην πρόσφατη Χρονολόγηση του Pali Canon
Ο
Θωμάς Γουίλιαμ Ρόις Νταβίντς στη Βουδιστική του Ινδία (σελ. 188) έδωσε
χρονολογικό πίνακα βουδιστικής λογοτεχνίας από την εποχή του Βούδα μέχρι
την εποχή του Ασόκα που έχει ως εξής:
1.
Οι απλές δηλώσεις του βουδιστικού δόγματος που βρέθηκαν τώρα, με τα
ίδια λόγια, σε παραγράφους ή στίχους που επαναλαμβάνονται σε όλα τα
βιβλία.
2. Τα επεισόδια βρήκαν, με τα ίδια λόγια, σε δύο ή περισσότερα από τα υπάρχοντα βιβλία.
3. Ο Σίλας, η Παραγιάνα, οι Οκτάδες, ο Πατημοκκάς.
4. Οι Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, και Samyutta Nikayas.
5. Το Sutta Nipata, η Thera και Theri Gathas, ο Udanas και ο Khuddaka Patha.
6. Το Sutta Vibhanga, και ο Khandhkas.
7. Οι Γιάτακας και οι Δαμαμαδάδες.
8. Η Νιδντέζα, οι Ιτιβουτάκες και η Πατσαμπμπίντα.
9. Η Πέτα και ο Βιμάνα-Βαθύς, η Απάδανα, η Καριγιά-Πιτάκα και η Βουδαμβάμσα.
10. Τα βιβλία Abhidhamma. το τελευταίο από τα οποία είναι το Katha-Vatthu, και το πιό πρόωρο ίσως το Puggala-Pannatti.
Εκείνοι
που αναφέρονται στην κορυφή ή στην κορυφή, όπως οι αριθμοί ένας έως
πέντε, θεωρούνται τα παλαιότερα, παλαιότερα κείμενα και τα πιο πιθανά να
είναι αυθεντικά και τα ακριβή λόγια του Βούδα. Τα
μεταγενέστερα κείμενα και τα σχόλια και το Visuddhimagga κρατιούνται με
μεγάλη εκτίμηση από την κλασική Theravada, ενώ η σύγχρονη Theravada
επικεντρώνεται στις πρώτες διδασκαλίες του Βούδα.
Σύγχρονη Θεραβάδα
Κύριο άρθρο: Σύγχρονη Theravada
Ο
Bhikkhu Bodhi, ο Dhammavuddho Thera και άλλοι έχουν τις αμφιβολίες
τους, όπως και οι σύγχρονοι μελετητές για τα μεταγενέστερα κείμενα και
αν είναι Buddhavacana (ακριβή λόγια του Βούδα) ή όχι. Οι σύγχρονοι Theravadins έχουν πιθανώς μια μικρή ποικιλία απόψεων αλλά πιθανόν να πάρουν ένα από τα παρακάτω:
1.
Οι πρώτοι τέσσερις Νικαίας στο σύνολό τους είναι Buddhavacana, καθώς
και τα ακόλουθα βιβλία από τα Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana,
Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata, Theragatha, και Therigatha? και το Patimokkha από το Vinaya. (Αυτό θα καθιστούσε ακόμα το τμήμα Buddhavacana της Tipitaka περίπου 30 από τους 40 τόμους.)
2.
Όλα τα παραπάνω, καθώς και τα άλλα βιβλία της Khuddaka Nikaya, καθώς
και τα άλλα βιβλία της Vinaya, συν το Abhidhamma, αλλά τα βλέπουν όπως
γράφτηκαν από τους μεταγενέστερους μαθητές του Βούδα, οι οποίοι μπορεί
να ήταν αραχάντες και έτσι, ακόμα άξιος που περιλαμβάνονται στον Κανόνα, αν και δεν αποτελούν μέρος του αρχικού βουδισμού.
Οι
λόγιοι μοναχοί Ajahn Sujato και Ajahn Brahmali έχουν γράψει το βιβλίο
«Η αυθεντικότητα των πρώιμων βουδιστικών κειμένων» και συμφωνούν με τον
πρώτο αριθμό, ο οποίος αποτελείται από τους πρώτους 4 Νικαίας και
κάποιους από τους Khuddaka Nikaya ως Buddhavacana.
Δείτε επίσης: Αρχικός Βουδισμός
βιβλιογραφικές αναφορές
Το πλήρες βιβλίο των λιστών του Βούδα - Επεξήγηση. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Η αυθεντικότητα των πρώιμων βουδιστικών κειμένων Βουδιστική Εταιρεία Δημοσίευσης, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 νωρίς στην πρόσφατη Χρονολόγηση του Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Ο
Θωμάς Γουίλιαμ Ρόις Νταβίντς στη Βουδιστική του Ινδία (σελ. 188) έδωσε
χρονολογικό πίνακα βουδιστικής λογοτεχνίας από την εποχή του Βούδα μέχρι
την εποχή του Ασόκα που έχει ως εξής:
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પાલી કેનનની તાજેતરના વૃત્તાંતમાં શરૂઆતમાં 1-10
તેમના
બૌદ્ધ ભારત (પાનું 188) માં થોમસ વિલિયમ રિસ ડેવિડ્સે બુદ્ધના સમયથી
અશોકના સમય સુધી બૌદ્ધ સાહિત્યના કાલક્રમના કોષ્ટક આપ્યા છે, જે નીચે મુજબ
છે:
1. બૌદ્ધ સિદ્ધાંતના સરળ નિવેદનો હવે મળી, એક જ શબ્દોમાં, બધા પુસ્તકોમાં પુનરાવર્તિત ફકરા અથવા છંદો માં.
2. એપિસોડ્સ મળી, સમાન શબ્દોમાં, હાલના બે અથવા વધુ પુસ્તકોમાં.
3. સિલાસ, પરાયન, ઓક્ટોડે, પાટીમોક્ખા.
4. દિઘા, મેજિહિમા, અંગુતરા, અને સમૂતા નિકાયસ.
5. સુત્ત નિપતા, ધ થેરા અને થેરી ગઠાસ, ઉદદાસ અને ખડકા પાઠ.
6. સુત્ત વિભંગ અને ખાંડકા
7. જતાકા અને ધમપાપાસ.
8. નિદેસ, ઇતિવુટકાસ અને પતસાંભભ્ઢા.
9. પેટા અને વમાના-વત્થસ, અપાદના, કરિયા-પિતાકા અને બુદ્ધવંશ.
10. અભિંધમ્ પુસ્તકો; જેમાંથી છેલ્લું કથા-વથતુ છે, અને કદાચ સૌથી પહેલાં કદાચ પુગ્લાલા-પેનાટ્ટી
ટોચની
અથવા ટોચની ટોચ પર યાદી થયેલ, જેમ કે એકથી પાંચ જેટલા નંબરો, સૌથી પહેલા,
સૌથી જૂના ગ્રંથો અને પ્રમાણભૂત અને બુદ્ધના ચોક્કસ શબ્દો હોવાનું મોટે
ભાગે ગણવામાં આવે છે. પછીના
પાઠો અને ભાષ્યો અને વિશુદ્ધિમાગ, ક્લાસિકલ થરવાડા દ્વારા ખૂબ જ ઊંચી
સન્માનમાં રાખવામાં આવે છે, જ્યારે, આધુનિક થેરાદાદા બુદ્ધના પ્રારંભિક
ઉપદેશો પર ધ્યાન કેન્દ્રિત કરે છે.
આધુનિક થરવાડા
વધુ માહિતી માટે જુઓ મૂળ લેખ: Modern Theravada
ભીખુ
બોધી, ધમમવુધ્ધ થેરા અને અન્યોના શંકા છે, જેમ કે પછીના ગ્રંથો વિશે
આધુનિક વિદ્વાનો અને જો તેઓ બુદ્ધવકન (બુદ્ધના ચોક્કસ શબ્દો) છે કે નહીં. મોર્ડન થેરાવિડેન્સ કદાચ અભિપ્રાયની થોડી વિવિધતા ધરાવે છે પરંતુ કદાચ નીચેનામાંથી એક લે છે:
1.
તેમના પ્રથમ તબક્કામાં નિકાયા બધા બુદ્ધવકાના છે, ઉપરાંત ખડકા નિકાયાના
નીચેના પુસ્તકો: ધમ્મપદ, ઉદના, ઇતિવતકાક, સુત્ત નિપાટા, થ્રગાથા અને
થિરાગાથા; અને વિનયથી પાટીમોક્ષ. (તે હજુ પણ 40 વિતરણમાંથી આશરે 30 માંથી ટિપ્ટકાકના બુદ્ધવકન ભાગને બનાવે છે.)
2.
ઉપરોક્ત તમામ, વત્તા ખડકા નિકાયાના અન્ય પુસ્તકો, ઉપરાંત અન્ય વિનય
પુસ્તકો, અભિધમ્મ, પણ તેમને બુદ્ધના પછીના અનુયાયીઓ દ્વારા લખાયેલા છે, જેઓ
અરાહંત હતા અને આમ, હજુ પણ લાયક છે. કેનનમાં શામેલ છે, તેમ છતાં મૂળ બૌદ્ધવાદના સંભવિત ભાગનો ભાગ નથી.
વિદ્વાન
સાધુઓએ અજહ્ન સુજોટો અને અજહ્ન બ્રહ્માલીએ ‘ધી ઓથેન્ટિકિટી ઓફ અર્લી બૌદ્ધ
ટેક્સ્ટ્સ’ પુસ્તક લખ્યું છે અને તેઓ ઉપરોક્ત નંબર એક સાથે કરારમાં છે,
જેમાં પ્રથમ 4 નિકાયા અને કેટલાક ખુદકાક નિકાયા બૌધવકન તરીકે સમાવેશ થાય
છે.
આ પણ જુઓ: મૂળ બૌદ્ધવાદ
સંદર્ભ
બુદ્ધની સૂચિની પૂર્ણ ચોપડે - સમજાવાયેલ ડેવિડ એન. સ્નાઇડર, પીએચ.ડી., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
બૌદ્ધ પ્રકાશન સોસાયટી, 2014 ના પ્રારંભિક બૌદ્ધ ટેક્સ્ટ્સની અધિકૃતતા.
https://suttacentral.net/
ધામવુકી.કોમ
1-10 તાજેતરના પાલી કેનનની શરૂઆત - ધમમ વિકી
તેમના
બૌદ્ધ ભારત (પાનું 188) માં થોમસ વિલિયમ રિસ ડેવિડ્સે બુદ્ધના સમયથી
અશોકના સમય સુધી બૌદ્ધ સાહિત્યના કાલક્રમના કોષ્ટક આપ્યા છે, જે નીચે મુજબ
છે:
36) Classical Haitian Creole
Insight Filè - GRATIS sou entènèt Tipiṭaka Rechèch ak pratik Inivèsite
ak ki gen rapò NEWS nan http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org nan 105 lang ki
pale klas Patisipan
Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca Paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya
ca ātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsā se yon CHANÈ NEWS sou entènèt
Catering nan plis pase 3000 Imèl:
200 WhatsApp, Facebook ak Twitter. https://dhammawiki.com/index.php/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of_Pali_Canon https://dhammawiki.com/…/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of…
1-10 byen bonè resan Kwonoloji nan Pali Canon Thomas
William Rhys Davids nan Boudis peyi Zend (p. 188) te bay yon tablo
kwonolojik nan literati Boudis depi lè Bouda a rive nan tan Ashoka ki
jan sa a: 1. Deklarasyon ki senp nan doktrin Boudis kounye a jwenn, nan mo ki idantik, nan paragraf oswa vèsè repete nan tout liv yo. 2. Epizòd yo te jwenn, nan mo ki idantik, nan de oswa plis nan liv yo ki deja egziste. 3. Silas, parayana a, octades yo, Patimokkha la. 4. Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, ak Samyutta Nikayas. 5. Sutta Nipata, Thera ak Gatas Theri, Udanas yo, ak Khuddaka Patha la. 6. Sutta Vibhanga a, ak Khandhkas. 7. Jatakas ak Dhammapadas yo. 8. Niddesa la, Itivuttakas la ak Patisambbhida la. 9. Peta a ak Vimana-Vatthus, Apadana a, Cariya-Pitaka a, ak Buddhavamsa la. 10. liv yo Abhidhamma; dènye a nan ki se Katha-Vatthu a, ak pi bonè a pwobableman Puggala-Pannatti la. Moun
sa yo ki nan lis nan tèt la oswa tou pre tèt la, tankou nimewo youn a
senk, yo konsidere kòm pi bonè, tèks yo pi ansyen ak pi sanble nan yo
dwe natif natal ak pawòl sa yo egzak nan Bouda la. Tèks
yo pita ak kòmantè yo ak Visuddhimagga a, yo te fèt nan estimasyon trè
wo pa Classical Theravada, tandiske, modèn Theravada a konsantre sou
ansèyman yo pi bonè nan Bouda la.
Modèn Theravada Main atik: Modèn Theravada Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera ak lòt moun gen dout yo, menm jan entelektyèl
modèn sou tèks yo pita ak si yo se Buddhavacana (mo egzak nan Bouda)
oswa ou pa. Modèn Theravadins pwobableman kenbe yon varyete ti tay nan men opinyon men pwobableman pran youn nan bagay sa yo: 1.
Premye kat Nikayas yo an antye yo se Buddhavacana, plis liv sa yo nan
Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata,
Theragatha, ak Therigata; ak Patimokkha soti nan Vinaya la. (Sa ta toujou fè pòsyon nan Buddhavacana nan Tipitaka a apeprè 30 soti nan 40 komèsan.) 2.
Tout pi wo a, plis liv yo lòt nan Khuddaka Nikaya a, plis liv yo Vinaya
lòt, plis Abhidhamma a, men wè yo jan sa ekri nan disip pita nan Bouda
a, ki moun ki ka yo te arahants e konsa, toujou merite yo dwe enkli nan Canon a, byenke pa gen anpil chans pati nan orijinal Boudis. Monològ
yo te Ajahn Sujato ak Ajahn Brahmali te ekri liv Otantisite a nan Toudi
Boudis Bonè epi yo an akò ak nimewo yon sèl anwo a, ki gen ladan premye
4 Nikayas yo ak kèk nan Khuddaka Nikaya a kòm Buddhavacana. Gade tou: Original Boudis
Referans Liv la Ranpli nan lis Bouda a - èksplike. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Otantisite nan Boudis Bonè Boudis Sosyete Piblikasyon, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 byen bonè resan Kwonoloji nan Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids nan Boudis peyi Zend (p. 188) te bay yon tablo
kwonolojik nan literati Boudis depi lè Bouda a rive nan tan Ashoka ki
jan sa a:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUsxAL4JiJA
50 Proverbes haitien, proverbio hatiano , haitian proverb, haitians quote
DoctorDroid Haiti
Published on Mar 28, 2017
Proverbe haitien, proverbio hatiano , haitian proverb, haitians quote, dicton haitien,
Category
Education
Buddha
http://indiatoday.
FIRST ON INDIA TODAY 
She can rule Prabuddha Bharat
The most important woman
of Prabuddha Bharat is all set to rock the established hierarchy of
power as the ambitious leader of a formidable coalition. The country
suddenly gets another prime minister in waiting,
‘No force can stop me from becoming PM’
After her surprise
anointment as the UNPA’s prime ministerial candidate, BSP supremo
Mayawati’s confidence levels havereached a new high. She told Editor Prabhu Chawla that she is destined to become the country’s prime minister. An exclusive interview:
Q. Finally a Original
Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the Great Prabuddha Bharath which is
one of the top most communities of the world’s daughter’s name has been
finalised for prime minister. How did this happen?
A. Apart from
being a Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the Great Prabuddha
Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the world ’s
daughter, I am also the daughter of this country. Don’t forget that Prabuddha Bharat’s
highest populated state has given me four chances to be CM. I have
worked not just for the Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the
Great Prabuddha Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the
world but for all sections of the society. I am born in Prabuddha Bharath so I am not just Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the Great Prabuddha Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the world ki beti but also Prabuddha Bharath ki beti.
Q. You said there was a
conspiracy against a Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the
Great Prabuddha Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the
world ’s daughter becoming PM.
A. Everyone saw
it. And they (my political rivals) have seen what a good government I
have given in UP, so they are scared that if the BSP forms a government
at the Centre and Mayawati becomes PM, they will have to wait for a long
time to come back to power at the Centre.
That is why they
thought it is better we don’t let her come to power at all. Moreover,
the BJP and the Congress I think are alike—whether at the Centre or at
the state, their governments have economic policies that make rich
industrialists richer and the poor poorer. So they know that once they
are removed from power, all their rich industrialist friends will suffer
while the poor, the farmers and small industrialists will benefit,
and they don’t want that. Therefore they tampered the fraud EVMs to
gobble the Master Key just to stop me from becoming the PM. These EVMs
software and its source code are kept secret from the voters in this
country to negated the Universal Adult Franchise. The ex CJI Sathasivam
had committed a grave error of judgement by ordering that the EVMs could
be replaced in a phased manner which itself is a clear proof that the
EVMs could be tampered. The ex CEC Sampath suggested for replacement of
the EVMs in a phased manner as it cost Rs 1600 crore at that time and
now it is more than a lakh crore while the Ballot papers are very much
cheaper. After dissolving the Central government that gobbled the
Mastery Key by tampering the fraud EVMs and go for fresh polls with
Ballot papers, the BJP will just get 0.1% votes.
Q. So they won’t let you become the PM?
A. This kind of
question was raised even when the BSP was improving in UP and there was a
chance that I could become chief minister. But I did become UP chief
minister, and I think a day will come when the wishes of the oppressed,
the poor, the downtrodden and beloved Dr Ambedkar will come true. One
day, this section will get political power. If I can become UP chief
minister, then I think a day will surely come when the dreams of our
people will come true.
Q. Will the dream be realised through Mayawati?
A. Definitely, it will come true.
Q. So you think that your becoming PM is only a matter of time. Nothing can stop you now.
A. A movement has begun. When the time comes, no one can stop. No one could stop me from becoming the chief minister of UP.
Q. Will you be able to run the government? Can you rule Prabuddha Bharath?
A. This question was also raised in UP before I became chief minister. But from Independence till today, if you compare all the sarkars to my government and ask the aam janta of UP, they will tell you that Mayawati is the best. So if I can give UP-which is Prabuddha Bharath’s largest state—the best sarkar, why can’t I do the same at the Centre?
Q. Do you have an agenda for governance?
A. Of course I have.
Q. But until now you were limited to UP and you didn’t even meet leaders of other parties.
A. I did meet other leaders, but I also had to run my party. I did both.
Q. If you do become the
PM, what is your agenda for governance? What are your views on
privatisation and economic reforms that Manmohan Singh started?
A. Our sarkar’s economic agenda will benefit the country’s poor and weaker sections. It will benefit all sections of the society.
Q. You are talking like Indira Gandhi, “Gareebi hatao, desh bachao“.
A. My party is
not against privatisation. Like we have done in UP, at the Centre too we
will see that the country’s Scheduled Castes have the benefits of
reservations. When a government office is privatised, reservation rights
should be protected as I have done in UP. Apart from the Scheduled
Castes, we will take care of the minorities, Backward Classes and also
the economically poor among the upper castes. I have written to the
Centre about reservation in government jobs for the economically poor
among upper castes.
Q. Should there be foreign investment in retail?
A. There are different castes and religions in India, lots of poor and jobless, so we will take all this into account.
Q. Should there be FDI in retail?
A. The interests of the small shopkeepers must be protected.
Q. So you are not against FDI in retail?
A. No I am not.
Q. What about the nuclear deal?
A. The Congress
is claiming that because of this deal we will get cheap electricity.
This is wrong. Whatever electricity we get will be much more expensive
and it will take 10-15 years to get it. And the output will be
only 8-10 per cent more than what we are getting. It will be so
expensive that neither the poor nor the small industrialists will be
able to use it.
Q. So will you cancel the nuclear deal?
A. When my government is formed, we will rethink this deal and examine if it’s in the nation’s interests or not. We are told that America has put conditions on India, like if they attack Iran, India will have to offer support. Such conditions are meant to make Prabuddha Bharath a slave.
Q. Before opposing this deal, you must have read it.
A. We do not agree with this deal. We will rethink it.
Q. But the Left is totally opposed to America and they are supporting you.
A. Whenever we
do a deal with any country, we must first take into account the
country’s interests. When my party comes to power at the Centre, we will
take into account all sections of the society while making
policies.
Q. Opposition parties claim that your politics is caste-based. Does this suit a prime minister?
A. The people who make such allegations are the ones who areindulging in caste politics. The BSP has finished jaativaad in this country and wants to bring together all sections of the society. The charge
that the BSP is jaativaadi is false.
Q. Maybe this is because you are now being promoted as the leader of UNPA.
A. I am the leader of BSP. The UNPA is different, the Left is separate. They all have their own leaders.
Q. But they are promoting you as the PM, no one else.
A. I welcome this suggestion and I am grateful.
Q. But other leaders of the UNPA like Chandrababu Naidu and Chautala belong to forward castes. How does behen Mayawati fit into all this?
A. The Left
parties and other members of the UNPA have realised that Mayawati in UP
has included all sections of the society in the BSP’s way of thinking.
Along with the backward sections and the minorities, it
has also sent upper castes to Parliament and the state assembly and given them posts in the ministry. They don’t see her as jaativaadi but as one who takes all sections of the society together.
Q. Well you do have the
slogan. But these leaders first went to Mulayam. When that did not work
out, they came after you in the hope that by sailing in your boat they
too will get somewhere. And then, they will leave you too?
A. The names
that you have mentioned did at first go to Mulayam, and you say that
they will leave me too. But in the UPA and NDA too, there are many
allies who are attracted to the BSP. And there will be a time
when they too will join us.
Q. So there will be some attempt to break parties.
A. I am against breaking any party, but those who come on their own are welcome.
Q. But you will still
need the Congress or the BJP to become PM. How will a Original
Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that isthe Great Prabuddha Bharath which is
one of the top most communities of the world ki beti become PM without their help?
A. With Lok
Sabha elections a few months away, I am sure that the BJP and Congress,
along with their allies, will not get more than 200 seats together. The
rest will be 340. So I will not need the BJP or the Congress.
Q. Their company will come to you?
A. No, I will not need their company. They will come to me on their own.
Q. On one side is the
“Note Gate” and on the other side there is terrorism. But there seems to
be ittle desire to fight terrorism.
A. I think the way wads of money were placed in Parliament and MPs are being bought over, this should be condemned.
Q. What about terrorism?
A.
The state governments should get together and plan and strategise to
counter it. The borders of our country are not strengthened.
Q. Who do you blame for the rise in terrorism? Is it minority appeasement, weak governance or the lack of a strong law?
A. We should not link terrorism with politics, but the states and the Centre should sit and strategise how to contain it.
Q. For this we need a strong law. But POTA has been removed. Even you are against POTA.
A. No. I think that central and state governments should make strict laws. Not POTA, but there can be other strict laws.
Q. Like MCOCA in Maharashtra? Gujarat wanted to make a strong law but was not allowed.
A. In UP too we have passed a law but the Centre has not okayed it.
Q. So would you say the Centre is weak in formulating laws?
A. Yes. Also,
our borders are weak. After all, the terrorists enter our country from
across the borders. So it’s up to the central government to make the
borders strong and make a law along with the states.
Q. A law like POTA?
A. Not necessarily but a strong law.
Q. Our Muslim brothers
say they are against terrorism as much as the rest of us, yet they say
that to appease the Muslim vote we won’t make a strong law.
A. If a person commits a wrong, you should not punish the entire community.
Q. Should Mohd Afzal be hanged? The Supreme Court has said he should be.
A. This is for the courts and the government to decide.
Q. But in the name of terrorism, politics is being played.
A. That’s not good.
Q. Will you do anything to stop this?
A. When I become PM, we will try and create such a situation that there will be no terror incidents.
Q. How will you ensure this? Will you make a strong law?
A. Maybe there will be no need to make a strong law. There will be such an environment that there will be no need for it.
Q. The terrorists will feel scared of you and not come out?
A. (laughs)
Q. The word supremo is
often used for you. It evokes dictatorship more than democracy. It is
used for Bal Thackeray and Jayalalithaa.
A. That title I didn’t give myself. You keep calling me that, so ask yourself.
Q. But do you work like a dictator?
A. No, I believe in democracy and take everyone’s views into account.
Q. It is often said
that how a Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the Great
Prabuddha Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the world ki beti could collect so much money and have so many houses.
A. The CBI has given a false affidavit to the court. When my lawyer presents my case, the truth will come out.
Q. But charges are being laid against you
A. This is all because of political pressure, whether it is the UPA or the NDA. It is all politics.
Q. There was so much
bonhomie between you and Sonia. She came and wished you on your
birthday. What happened between the two sisters suddenly?
A. Milna julna alag cheez hai and politics is separate.
Q. And now Amar Singh is in the central government indirectly. Are you feeling threatened?
A.
I am not but I can say for sure that the Congress will be feeling
threatened that if not today then tomorrow he will do something against
them.
Q. Have you gone soft on Amar Singh?
A. No I have
not. The UP assembly results threw them out of the government and
installed me. So if the people of UP have already killed them then why
should I bother to do anything? Mare huey ko kyon maarna?
Q. You had earlier made charges of corruption against them and said you will send them to jail. Have you forgiven them?
A. No.
Q. Or is it that you did not find anything?
A. Whatever the
charges of corruption against them, the cases are going on in the
Supreme Court. Why should I come in the middle of that? And why should I
feel scared of weak people?
Q. But Amar Singh and Mulayam have been reborn. They have become more powerful.
A. They are now more dead than ever.
Q. They sit and eat with the PM and meet Sonia every day.
A. Dining is not everything. The way this government has been saved, they will get no political gains out of this.
Q. There is talk of pressing ahead with the cases against you. Don’t you think they must have made some sort of a deal?
A. Whenever there has been a political attack against me, via the CBI or others, I have emerged stronger.
Q. So you are ready to fight?
A. Absolutely.
Q. So how do you keep so fit? Do you exercise?
A. I don’t. I just keep busy with my work.
Q. No gym or personal trainer?
A. I don’t get the time for exercise, I just do my work.
Q. Do you control your diet?
A. I eat what I get.
Q. I have seen you for
the last 15 years and there is an image makeover. Was this part of a
plan to ready yourself for chief ministership and prime ministership?
A. I have done nothing. All this has happened naturally. I keep busy with my work and that is my exercise.
Q. What hobbies do you have?
A. All 24 hours
of the day, I think about the movement I am associated with and how to
take my party forward. How to help the backward and weaker sections of
our country. I keep making plans for them and that keeps me busy.
Q. Weaving conspiracies?
A. No, plans.
Q. But politics is like conspiracy. How to get to power etc
A. No, I don’t need to. My party is different from others; it is both a mission and a movement.
Q. In the end, it is politics only-how to get power.
A. I agree with
Babasaheb Dr Ambedkar, who said that if any section of the society wants
to solve its problems, it has to get political power.
Q. So to fulfill
Babasaheb’s dream, this Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the
Great Prabuddha Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the
world ki beti is readying her political arsenal.
A. Not just Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the Great Prabuddha Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the world ki beti but Prabuddha Bharath ki beti. I will fulfill Babasaheb’s dream, and those who believe in Babasaheb are working to make this possible.
Q. I will ask you five
questions and you must answer them in one line. Who do you think is your
biggest enemy? I am not taking Amar Singh or Mulayam’s name.
A. I am against discrimination and untouchability and jaativaad.
Q. And your best friend? The one who will put you in power?
A. The day our society that is divided on caste lines becomes one.
Q. I am asking about individuals. There have been 14 prime ministers in India. Who do you like the best?
A. If I liked any one then I would not have felt the need to form my own party.
Q. The worst?
A. They are all the same.
Q. Do you watch films?
A. No, I don’t. I barely get the time. I do watch the news though.
Q. Do you have a favourite heroine?
A. Well, I don’t watch movies, so how will I have a favourite heroine?
Q. Your favourite food? You do eat, right?
A. (laughs) Yes, otherwise how will I stay alive. Green vegetables, daal…
Q. Which is your favourite tourist spot?
A. Whenever I travel, I am so busy that I don’t have the time to do any sightseeing.
Q. If you got a chance, where would you like to go? After all, even Jawaharlal Nehru took a holiday sometimes.
A. I like natural surroundings. I am very fond of nature.
Q. Whom do you see as a political villain in the country today?
A. (laughs)
Q. Is it Amar Singh or anyone other?
A. There is no shortage of such people in the country today.
Q. You don’t want to take a name?
A. Well you have taken the name yourself, so I don’t need to.
JC
