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BUDDHA STATUES (blink eyes and move their leaves)!! vlogs

TIK-TOK, TR-BK YOŤŰBĒŔ
Published on Aug 28, 2018
Buddhist texts were initially passed on orally by monks, but were later
written … as true buddhavacana by a buddha, a saṃgha, a small group
of elders, or one knowledgeable elder. ·மொழிபெயர்
at the British Library and is acknowledged as the oldest dated printed book in existence.

Chances are you know a little something about the Gutenberg Bible, the
first book made with moveable type, which came along almost 600 years
later. Bibliophiles might also have a working knowledge of other famous
manuscripts like the Book of Kells, The Domesday Book, and Shakespeare’s
First Folio. Well, The Diamond Sutra should be in that pantheon of
revered books, as well. Here’s why:

Origins

The text was originally discovered in 1900 by a monk in Dunhuang, China, an old outpost of t
விடுபட்டவை: smarrie

Wikipedia:Gautama Budd

The Buddhist tradition regards Lumbini to be the birthplace of Gautama
Buddha, in accord with the Jataka-tales and a 6,5 meters high pillar,
erected there by King Ashoka in 245 BCE.[1] This is most likely Lumbini,
present-day Nepal, which lays close to Tilaurakot and Piprahwa. Based
on stone-inscriptions, Lumbei, Kapileswar-village, at the outskirts of
Orissa (east-coast of India), has also been proposed by some.

Kapilavastu is regarded as the place where he grew up. The location of
ancient Kapilavastu may either be Tilaurakot, present-day Nepal, or
Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh (northern India), which both lay close to
Lumbini.

BiographiesBuddhist texts were initially passed on
orally by monks, but were later written down and composed as manuscripts
in various Indo-Aryan languages which were then translated into other
local languages as Buddhism spread. They can be categorized in a number
of ways. The Western terms “scripture” and “canonical” are applied to
Buddhism in inconsistent ways by Western scholars: for example, one
authority[1] refers to “scriptures and other canonical texts”, while
another[2]says that scriptures can be categorized into canonical,
commentarial and pseudo-canonical. Buddhist traditions have generally
divided these texts with their own categories and divisions, such as
that between Buddhavacana “word of the Buddha,” many of which are known
as “Sutras,” and other texts, such as Shastras (treatises) or
Abhidharma.

These religious texts were written in many different
languages and scripts but memorizing, reciting and copying the texts
were of high value. Even after the development of printing, Buddhists
preferred to keep to their original practices with these texts.[3]

Among the thousands of manuscripts uncovered from a walled up library
cave at Dunhuang, northwest China, at the turn of the twentieth century,
were a group of Buddhist scrolls copied by a man in his eighties. The
texts are all linked by a similar colophons, identifying the old man as
the scribe and documenting his advancing years. One of the scrolls,
S.5451, today held at the British Library, shows the man at 83 years old
demonstrating his piety by copying out a Buddhist scripture in his own
hand, using ink mixed with his own blood. The colophon reads:

Copied by an old man of 83, who pricked his own hand to draw blood [to
write with], on the 2nd of the 2nd month of ‘bingyin’, the 3rd year of
Tianyou (27 February, 906).

 BL, S.5451

These documents
illustrate a widespread belief in Buddhist cultures that by copying, or
commissioning a copy of a Buddhist sutra, individuals would demonstrate
their piety and devotion to the Dharma, or Buddhist doctrine, and in so
doing accrue merit for their passage to the next life.

Not only
was it believed that by replicating the words or image of the Buddha
one could demonstrate and build on one’s own piety but also that doing
so might improve the karmic lot of one’s relatives or loved ones, alive
or already passed. To this end, wealthy donors and patrons commissioned
artists and craftsmen to decorate caves, create elaborate murals, and
copy out Buddhist scriptures. More modest individuals achieved similar
ends by spreading the word via the oral traditions of storytelling and
music, or by copying out scriptures in their own hand. The most pious
sometimes gave their own blood to do so, as a particularly demonstrative
and efficacious means of accruing religious merit.

The practice
of blood-writing seen in this scroll seems to have been uncommon in
other Buddhist cultures; while in China it actually predated the
appearance of Buddhism. Acts of self-mortification also extended to more
extreme practices of self-mutilation such as the amputation of fingers,
and even self-immolation (burning oneself alive) as a means of
demonstrating devotion and piety. The example shown in our scroll
S.5451 is not common among the Dunhuang manuscripts held at the British
Library but it demonstrates an important phenomenon among pious Chinese
Buddhists, which continued through to the seventeenth century.
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