TIPITAKA BUDDHA AND HIS DHAMMA
Suttas word by word
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pN8QQv0QpBI
Satipaṭṭhāna 302 4.1 Section on Hindrances
Sutta Workshops by Ayasma Aggacitta
Published on Jan 5, 2014
Chanting of Nīvaraṇa·pabba
Special Significance of Dhammānupassanā 7:03
Food for Thought: Why is Dhammānupassanā phrased differently from Kāyānupassanā? 9:30
Explanation of Hindrances 12:25
Category
Education
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5cADRIWHxU
Ajahn Khemavaro - Observing The Emotional States Of The Mind Arise & Fade
A. Section on the Nīvaraṇas
And furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas
in dhammas? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in
dhammas with reference to the five nīvaraṇas. And furthermore, bhikkhus,
how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to
the five nīvaraṇas?
அஜான் கெமவரோ - மனதின் உணர்ச்சி நிலைகளை அவதானித்தல் மற்றும் மங்கல்
A. நவராசஸ் பற்றிய பிரிவு
மேலும், பிக்குக்கள், தம்மங்களில் தம்மங்களை அனுசரிக்கும் ஒரு பிக்கு எப்படி வாழ்கிறார்? இங்கே, பிக்குஸ், ஒரு பிக்கு ஐந்து நவராக்களைக் குறிக்கும் வகையில் தம்மங்களில் தம்மங்களைக் கவனித்து வருகிறார். மேலும், பிக்குகளே, ஐந்து நவராக்களைக் குறிக்கும் விதமாக ஒரு பிக்கு தம்மங்களில் தம்மங்களைக் கவனிப்பது எப்படி?
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ
kāmacchandaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ kāmacchando’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā
ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ kāmacchando’ ti pajānāti;
yathā ca an·uppannassa kāmacchandassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā
ca uppannassa kāmacchandassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca
pahīnassa kāmacchandassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being kāmacchanda present within,
understands: “there is kāmacchanda within me”; there not being
kāmacchanda present within, he understands: “there is no kāmacchanda
within me”; he understands how the unarisen kāmacchanda comes to arise;
he understands how the arisen kāmacchanda is abandoned; and he
understands how the abandoned kāmacchanda does not come to arise in the
future.
இங்கே, பிக்குஸ், ஒரு பிக்கு, அங்கே கமாச்சந்தா இருப்பது, புரிந்துகொள்கிறது: “எனக்குள் கமாச்சந்தா உள்ளது”; அங்கு கமாச்சந்தா இல்லை, அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்: “எனக்குள் கமாச்சந்தா இல்லை”; unarisen kmacchanda எவ்வாறு எழுகிறது என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்; எழுந்த கோமச்சந்தா எவ்வாறு கைவிடப்படுகிறார் என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்; கைவிடப்பட்ட காமச்சந்தா எதிர்காலத்தில் எவ்வாறு எழாது என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ byāpādaṃ
‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ byāpādo’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ byāpādaṃ
‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ byāpādo’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa
byāpādassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa byāpādassa
pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca pahīnassa byāpādassa āyatiṃ
an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.
Here, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, there being byāpāda present within, understands: “there is
byāpāda within me”; there not being byāpāda present within, he
understands: “there is no byāpāda within me”; he understands how the
unarisen byāpāda comes to arise; he understands how the arisen byāpāda
is abandoned; and he understands how the abandoned byāpāda does not come
to arise in the future.
இங்கே, பிக்குஸ், ஒரு பிக்கு, அங்கே பைபாடா இருப்பது, புரிந்துகொள்கிறது: “எனக்குள் பைபாடா உள்ளது”; பைபாடா உள்ளே இல்லை, அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்: “எனக்குள் பைபாடா இல்லை”; தெரியாத பைபாடா எவ்வாறு எழுகிறது என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்; எழுந்த பைபாடா எவ்வாறு கைவிடப்பட்டது என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்; கைவிடப்பட்ட பைபாடா எதிர்காலத்தில் எவ்வாறு எழாது என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்.
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā
ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ’ ti pajānāti;
a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ’
ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa thinamiddhassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca
pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa thinamiddhassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca
pajānāti; yathā ca pahīnassa thinamiddhassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca
pajānāti.
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being
thīnamiddhā present within, understands: “there is thīnamiddhā within
me”; there not being thīnamiddhā present within, he understands: “there
is no thīnamiddhā within me”; he understands how the unarisen
thīnamiddhā comes to arise; he understands how the arisen thīnamiddhā is
abandoned; and he understands how the abandoned thīnamiddhā does not
come to arise in the future.
இங்கே, பிக்குஸ், ஒரு பிக்கு, அங்கே தமனித்தி இருப்பது புரிந்துகொள்கிறது: “எனக்குள் தமனித்தி உள்ளது”; அங்கு தமனித்தி இல்லாததால், அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்: “எனக்குள் தமனித்தி இல்லை”; தெரியாத தமனித்தா எவ்வாறு எழுகிறது என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்; எழுந்த தமனித்தா எவ்வாறு கைவிடப்பட்டார் என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்; கைவிடப்பட்ட தமனித்தா எதிர்காலத்தில் எவ்வாறு எழாது என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā
ajjhattaṃ uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ’ ti
pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ ‘n·atthi me ajjhattaṃ
uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannassa
uddhacca-kukkuccassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannassa
uddhacca-kukkuccassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca pahīnassa
uddhacca-kukkuccassa āyatiṃ an·uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being uddhacca-kukkucca present
within, understands: “there is uddhacca-kukkucca within me”; there not
being uddhacca-kukkucca present within, he understands: “there is no
uddhacca-kukkucca within me”; he understands how the unarisen
uddhacca-kukkucca comes to arise; he understands how the arisen
uddhacca-kukkucca is abandoned; and he understands how the abandoned
uddhacca-kukkucca does not come to arise in the future.
இங்கே, பிக்குஸ், ஒரு பிக்கு, அங்கு உத்தாக்கா-குக்குக்கா இருப்பது புரிந்துகொள்கிறது: “எனக்குள் உத்தாக்கா-குக்குக்கா உள்ளது”; அங்கு உத்தாக்கா-குக்குக்கா இல்லை, அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்: “எனக்குள் உத்தாக்கா-குக்குக்கா இல்லை”; தெரியாத உத்தாக்கா-குக்குக்கா எவ்வாறு எழுகிறது என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்; எழுந்த உத்தாக்கா-குக்குக்கா எவ்வாறு கைவிடப்படுகிறார் என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்; கைவிடப்பட்ட உத்தாக்கா-குக்குக்கா எதிர்காலத்தில் எவ்வாறு எழாது என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்.
Idha,
bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vicikicchaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ
vicikicchā’ ti pajānāti; a·santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vicikicchaṃ ‘n·atthi me
ajjhattaṃ vicikicchā’ ti pajānāti; yathā ca an·uppannāya vicikicchāya
uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca uppannāya vicikicchāya pahānaṃ
hoti taṃ ca pajānāti; yathā ca pahīnāya vicikicchāya āyatiṃ an·uppādo
hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there
being vicikicchā present within, understands: “there is vicikicchā
within me”; there not being vicikicchā present within, he understands:
“there is no vicikicchā within me”; he understands how the unarisen
vicikicchā comes to arise; he understands how the arisen vicikicchā is
abandoned; and he understands how the abandoned vicikicchā does not come
to arise in the future.
இங்கே, பிக்குஸ், ஒரு பிக்கு, அங்கே விக்கிக்கி இருப்பது, புரிந்துகொள்கிறது: “எனக்குள் விக்கிச்சி உள்ளது”; அங்கு விக்கிக்கி இல்லாததால், அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்: “எனக்குள் விசிக்கிச்சே இல்லை”; unarisen vicikicchā எவ்வாறு எழுகிறது என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்; எழுந்த விசிக்கிச்சை எவ்வாறு கைவிடப்படுகிறார் என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்; கைவிடப்பட்ட விசிக்கி எதிர்காலத்தில் எவ்வாறு எழாது என்பதை அவர் புரிந்துகொள்கிறார்.
Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī
viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā
vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu
viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati,
samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vā dhammesu viharati; ‘atthi dhammā’ ti vā
pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya
paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.
Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, pañcasu
nīvaraṇesu.
Thus he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
internally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas externally, or he
dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally and externally; he
dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells
observing the passing away of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells
observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in dhammas; or
else, [realizing:] “these are dhammas!” sati is present in him, just to
the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does
not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells
observing dhammas in dhammas, with reference to the five nīvaraṇas.
இவ்வாறு
அவர் உள்நாட்டில் தம்மங்களில் தம்மங்களைக் கவனிப்பார், அல்லது அவர்
தம்மங்களில் வெளிப்புறமாக தம்மங்களைக் கவனிப்பார், அல்லது அவர் தம்மங்களில்
உள்ள தம்மங்களை உள்நாட்டிலும் வெளிப்புறத்திலும் கவனிப்பார்; அவர்
தம்மங்களில் நிகழ்வுகளின் சமுதாயத்தைக் கவனிப்பார், அல்லது தம்மங்களில்
நிகழ்வுகள் காலமானதைக் கவனிப்பார், அல்லது அவர் சமுதாயத்தைக் கவனித்து
தம்மங்களில் நிகழ்வுகளை கடந்து செல்கிறார்; இல்லையெனில், [உணர்ந்து:] “இவை தம்மங்கள்!” சதி
அவனுக்குள் இருக்கிறான், வெறும் ñāṇa மற்றும் வெறும் paṭissati என்ற
அளவிற்கு, அவன் பிரிக்கப்பட்டவனாக வாழ்கிறான், உலகில் எதையும்
ஒட்டிக்கொள்வதில்லை. இவ்வாறு, பிக்குஸ், ஒரு பிக்கு, ஐந்து நவராக்களைக் குறிக்கும் வகையில், தம்மங்களில் தம்மங்களைக் கவனித்து வருகிறார்.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FdIb8v8CaKI
Prince Siddhartha the Musical - New Farm State School
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Chung Tian TV
Published on Nov 18, 2018
On Saturday 17th June 2017, the 108th performance of Prince Siddhartha
the Musical took place in the Queensland Performing Arts Centre to a
capacity audience of over 1,500 people. This was the 5th and last
performance to be staged in the three city Australian tour.
SYNOPSIS
Siddhartha is a musical based on the life and work of Siddhartha
Gautama, a historic figure in the old 600 B.C. India known as
Kapilavastu. As an infant, he was prophesied to be either a great king
or an enlightened monk. In trying to prevent him from becoming a monk,
his father the king kept him within the comfort and confines of the
kingdom. Siddhartha grew up completely unaware of the pain and suffering
all around him. However, during a trip outside the palace grounds, he
came face to face with the unpleasant realities of birth, old age,
sickness and death. His heart was so moved by the sight that he left his
family and set out into the world to look for a way to end all human
suffering. In the course of six long years of searching and
introspection, he finally achieved enlightenment and became the Buddha.
From then on, he espoused the practice and propagation of The Noble
Path, setting in motion one of the oldest and richest religious
traditions of all time. In dealing with grand themes such as
impermanence, causes and conditions, and interconnectedness, at heart,
Siddhartha is still a comingtoage story of a young man, searching for
the meaning of life and finding it silently tucked
in himself.
劇情簡介
「 悉達 多太 子音 樂 劇」 是根 據悉 達 多喬 達摩 一 生的 音樂
劇 ,一 個於 公元 前 60 0 年古 印度 迦 毘羅 衛國 的 歷史 人物 。
還是嬰孩的悉達多太子時,有位術士預言他將來會成為偉
大的國王或出家的聖者。淨飯王不能接受此預言,並發誓
他的兒子一定會成為國王。一次偶然的宮外遊覽,悉達多
太子看到了人世的老苦、病痛和死亡,他深知無人可避免
老病死的痛苦,這時,他看到一位出家人,他意識到原來
還有出家這條路可以去探尋人世真理和解脫之道,他毅然
決定離開王國,出家尋找答案。後來,悉達多終於在菩提
樹下證悟成佛。之後,佛陀開始他弘法之路,無常、因緣
法、八正道等等。在他的故事裡,我們看到一個青年探索
生命真正的意義。
CREDITS:
LOOK, A BUTTERFLY 看,一隻蝴蝶
music and lyrics by Jude Gitamondoc
詞曲 : Jude Gitamondoc
LIFE CYCLE 生命的輪迴
music and lyrics by Jude Gitamondoc
詞曲 : Jude Gitamondoc
HEAVEN IS IN OUR HEARTS 天堂在我們心中
music by Jude Gitamondoc
lyrics based on Ven. Master Hsing Yun’s poetry
曲 : Jude Gitamondoc 詞 : 星雲大師
THE REUNION WITH SUDDHODANA 與淨飯王重聚
music and lyrics by Jude Gitamondoc
詞曲 : Jude Gitamondoc
WE ARE ONE 人我之間
music by Jude Gitamondoc based on Master Hsing Yun’s poetry
曲 : Jude Gitamondoc 詞 : 星雲大師
Category
People & Blogs
§ 11. The Prime Minister’s Admonition to the Prince
1. Udayin realized that the girls had failed, and that the Prince had shown no interest in them.
2. Udayin, well skilled in the rules of policy, thought of talking to the prince.
3. Meeting the prince all alone, Udayin said, “Since I was
appointed by the king as a fitting friend for thee, therefore I wish to
speak to thee in the friendliness of my heart.” So began Udayin.
4. “To hinder from what is disadvantageous, to urge to do what is
advantageous, and not to forsake in misfortune, these are the three
marks of a friend.
5. “If I, after having promised my
friendship, were not to heed when thou turnest away from the great end
of man, there would be no friendship in me.
6. “It is right to woo a woman even by guile; this is useful both for getting rid of shame and for one’s own enjoyment.
7. “Reverential behaviour and compliance with her wishes are what
bind a woman’s heart; good qualities truly are a cause of love, and
women love respect.
8. “Wilt thou not then, O large-eyed prince,
even if thy heart is unwilling, seek to please them with a courtesy
worthy of this beauty of thine?
9. “Courtesy is the balm of women, courtesy is the best ornament; beauty without courtesy is like a grove without flowers.
10. “But of what use is courtesy by itself? Let it be assisted by
the heart’s feelings; surely, when worldly objects so hard to attain are
in the grasp, thou wilt not despise them.
11. “Knowing that
pleasure was the best of objects, even the god Purandara (Indra) wooed
in olden times Ahalya, the wife of the saint Gautama.
12. “So too Agastya wooed Rohini, the wife of Soma; and therefore, as Sruti saith, a like thing befell Lopamudra.
13. “The great ascetic Brihaspati begot Bharadwaja on Mamata the daughter of the Maruta, the wife of Autathya.
14. “The Moon, the best of offerers, begat Buda of divine nature on
the spouse of Vrihaspati, as she was offering a libation.
15.
“So too in old times Parasara, overpowered by passion on the banks of
the Yamuna, lay with the maiden Kali, who was the daughter of the son of
Varuna.
16. “The sage Vasishtha through lust begot a son, Kapinglada, on Akshmala, a despised low-caste woman.
17. “And the seer-king Yayat, even when the vigour of his prime was
gone, sported in the Kaitrartha forest with the Apsara Visvaki.
18. “And the Kaurava king Pandu, though he knew that intercourse with
his wife would end in death, yet overcome by the beauty and good
qualities of Madri, yielded to the pleasures of love.
19. “Great
heroes such as these pursued even contemptible desires for the sake of
pleasure, how much more so when they are praiseworthy of their kind?
20. “And yet thou, a young man, possessed of strength and beauty,
despisest enjoyments which rightly belong to thee and to which the whole
world is devoted.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hYdMnSxEtU
அயோத்திதாசர் பார்வையில் தமிழர் வரலாறு | Ayothithasar on Tamil’s History
Tamil Niram
Published on Oct 21, 2018
#Ayothidasapandithar
“ஒரு பைசா தமிழன்” அயோத்திதாசப் பண்டிதர் வாழ்கை வரலாற்றை சங்கம்4கில் பேசிய ஆய்வறிஞர்.ஸ்டாலின் ராஜாங்கம் காணொளி பாகம்-3.
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Category
Education
§ 11. இளவரசருக்கு பிரதமரின் அறிவுரை
1. சிறுமிகள் தோல்வியுற்றதையும், இளவரசர் அவர்கள் மீது அக்கறை காட்டவில்லை என்பதையும் உதய்ன் உணர்ந்தார்.
2. கொள்கை விதிகளில் நன்கு திறமையான உதய்ன், இளவரசனுடன் பேச நினைத்தார்.
3. இளவரசரைத் தனியாகச் சந்தித்த உதய்ன், “நான் உனக்கு பொருத்தமான நண்பனாக
ராஜாவால் நியமிக்கப்பட்டதால், என் இதயத்தின் நட்பில் உன்னுடன் பேச
விரும்புகிறேன்” என்றார். எனவே உதயன் தொடங்கியது.
4. “தீங்கு
விளைவிப்பதைத் தடுக்க, சாதகமானதைச் செய்யும்படி வற்புறுத்துவதும்,
துரதிர்ஷ்டத்தை கைவிடாமல் இருப்பதும் ஒரு நண்பரின் மூன்று மதிப்பெண்கள்.
5. “என் நட்பிற்கு நான் வாக்குறுதியளித்தபின், மனிதனின் பெரிய
முடிவிலிருந்து நீ விலகிச் செல்லும்போது நான் செவிசாய்க்கவில்லை என்றால்,
என்னில் நட்பு இருக்காது.
6. “ஒரு பெண்ணை ஏமாற்றினால் கூட
கவர்ந்திழுப்பது சரியானது; இது அவமானத்திலிருந்து விடுபடுவதற்கும் ஒருவரின்
சொந்த இன்பத்திற்கும் பயனுள்ளதாக இருக்கும்.
7. “மரியாதைக்குரிய
நடத்தை மற்றும் அவளுடைய விருப்பங்களுடன் இணங்குவது ஒரு பெண்ணின் இதயத்தை
பிணைக்கிறது; நல்ல குணங்கள் உண்மையிலேயே அன்பிற்கு ஒரு காரணம், பெண்கள்
மரியாதையை விரும்புகிறார்கள்.
8. “அப்படியானால், பெரிய கண்களைக் கொண்ட
இளவரசே, உம்முடைய இதயம் விருப்பமில்லாமல் இருந்தாலும், உன்னுடைய இந்த
அழகுக்கு தகுதியான மரியாதைக்குரிய அவர்களைப் பிரியப்படுத்த முற்படவில்லையா?
9. “மரியாதை என்பது பெண்களின் தைலம், மரியாதை சிறந்த ஆபரணம்; மரியாதை இல்லாத அழகு பூக்கள் இல்லாத தோப்பு போன்றது.
10. “ஆனால் மரியாதைக்குரியது என்ன பயன்? இதயத்தின் உணர்வுகளால் அது
உதவப்படட்டும்; நிச்சயமாக, உலகப் பொருள்களை அடைய மிகவும் கடினமாக
இருக்கும்போது, அவற்றை நீங்கள் வெறுக்க மாட்டீர்கள்.
11. “இன்பமே
பொருட்களில் சிறந்தது என்பதை அறிந்த புரந்தரா (இந்திரன்) கடவுள் கூட பழைய
காலங்களில் க ut தம புனிதரின் மனைவி அஹல்யாவை ஆச்சரியப்படுத்தினார்.
12. “அவ்வாறே அகஸ்தியரும் சோமாவின் மனைவி ரோஹினியை கவர்ந்தாள்; ஆகவே, ஸ்ருதி சொல்வது போல், லோபமுத்ராவுக்கு நேர்ந்த ஒரு விஷயம்.
13. “ஆட்டத்யாவின் மனைவியான மாருதாவின் மகள் மம்தா மீது பெரிய சந்நியாசி பிரஹஸ்பதி பரத்வாஜாவைப் பெற்றெடுத்தார்.
14. “வழங்குபவர்களில் மிகச் சிறந்த சந்திரன், விஹாஸ்பதியின் துணைவியார்
மீது தெய்வீக இயல்புடைய புடாவைப் பெற்றெடுத்தாள், அவள் ஒரு விடுதலையை
அளிக்கிறாள்.
15. “ஆகவே, பழைய காலத்திலும், யமுனாவின் கரையில்
ஆர்வத்தால் வெல்லப்பட்ட பராசரா, வருணனின் மகனின் மகளாக இருந்த கன்னி என்ற
கன்னியுடன் படுத்துக் கொண்டான்.
16. “காமத்தின் மூலம் வசிஷ்ட முனிவர், அக்ஷ்மலா என்ற இழிவான தாழ்த்தப்பட்ட பெண்ணின் மீது கப்பிங்கலாடா என்ற மகனைப் பெற்றெடுத்தார்.
17. “மேலும், சீயர்-ராஜா யயாத், தனது பிரதமரின் வீரியம் இல்லாமல்
போயிருந்தாலும், கைத்ரார்த்த காட்டில் அப்சரா விஸ்வகியுடன் விளையாடினார்.
18. “மேலும் க aura ரவ மன்னர் பாண்டு, தனது மனைவியுடன் உடலுறவு மரணத்தில்
முடிவடையும் என்று அறிந்திருந்தாலும், மாட்ரியின் அழகையும் நல்ல
குணங்களையும் கடந்து, அன்பின் இன்பங்களுக்கு அடிபணிந்தார்.
19. “இது
போன்ற பெரிய ஹீரோக்கள் இன்பத்திற்காக வெறுக்கத்தக்க ஆசைகளைக் கூடப்
பின்தொடர்ந்தனர், அவர்கள் தங்கள் வகையான புகழைப் பெறும்போது இன்னும்
எவ்வளவு அதிகம்?
20. “ஆனாலும், வலிமையும் அழகும் உடைய ஒரு இளைஞனே, உனக்குச் சொந்தமான மற்றும் முழு உலகமும் அர்ப்பணித்த இன்பங்களை வெறுக்கிறாய்.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yCpUhY-eH4U&t=384s
Samoana Documentary
TheCoconetTV
Published on Jun 1, 2018
The hour-long documentary covers 3000 years of Samoa’s history.
Major events highlighted in the film include the partition of Western
Samoa in the nineteenth century, rule by Imperial Germany, New Zealand
trusteeship and the road toward independence.
Scenes in Samoana
include dramatic representation of the killing of unarmed Mau supporters
by New Zealand troops in 1929 , and the massive death toll of the
influenza epidemic which followed the First World War.
The film also illustrates key aspects of “Fa`a Samoa” - tattooing, ava (kava) ceremonies and the chiefly system.
For similar documentaries check out our Pacific documentaries here: http://www.thecoconet.tv/know-your-ro…
Category
Entertainment
83) Classical Samoan-Samoan Samoa,
83) Samoan Samoa Samoa,
Afai e faatoa fanau mai le pepe o loʻo vavalalata e aunoa ma se tasi e
talanoa ma le pepe, pe a mavae ni nai aso o le a tautala ma tagata
masani (Prakrit) e taʻua o Classical Magahi Magadhi / Classical Chandaso
gagana / Magadhi Prakrit / Classical Hela Basa (Hela Language) /
Faʻasolopito Nuʻu e tutusa. Buddha na tautala i Magadiki. O gagana uma e
7111 ma gagana e ese mai le fana o le Classical Magahi Magadhi. O le
mea lea oi latou uma o le vasega faa-Classical i le natura (Prakrit) o
Tagata, e pei lava o isi meaola uma ei ai a latou lava gagana masani mo
fesootaiga.
https://quotesgram.com/buddha-quotes-in-sanskrit/
Buddha Quotes In Sanskrit
Buddha — Leader
Gautama Buddha, also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni, or simply
the Buddha, was a sage on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. He is
believed to have lived and taught mostly in eastern India sometime
between the sixth and fourth centuries BCE… (wikipedia)
84) छ्लस्सिचल् षन्स्क्रित् छ्लस्सिचल् षन्स्क्रित्
ह्त्त्पः//wइस्दोम्qउओतेस्.चोम्/बुद्ध-qउओतेस्/
150 Bउद्ध Qउओतेस् ठत् Wइल्ल् ंअके Yओउ Wइसेर् (Fअस्त्)
ठेरे इस् नो fएअर् fओर् ओने wहोसे मिन्द् इस् नोत् fइल्लेद् wइथ् देसिरेस्. Bउद्ध
बुद्ध qउओतेस् wओर्क् ओउत् योउर् ओwन् सल्वतिओन् नोत् देपेन्द् ओथेर्स् wइस्दोम्
Wओर्क् ओउत् योउर् ओwन् सल्वतिओन्. डो नोत् देपेन्द् ओन् ओथेर्स्. Bउद्ध
बुद्ध qउओतेस् अन्य्थिन्ग् wओर्थ् दोइन्ग् wइथ् योउर् हेअर्थ् wइस्दोम्
ईf अन्य्थिन्ग् इस् wओर्थ् दोइन्ग्, दो इत् wइथ् अल्ल् योउर् हेअर्त्. Bउद्ध
बुद्ध qउओतेस् अ मन् इस् नोत् चल्लेद् wइसे बेचौसे हे तल्क्स् अन्द्
तल्क्स् अगैन् बुत् इf हे इस् पेअचेfउल् लोविन्ग् अन्द् fएअर्लेस्स् थेन्
हे इस् इन् त्रुथ् चल्लेद् wइसे wइस्दोम् qउओतेस्
आ मन् इस्
नोत् चल्लेद् wइसे बेचौसे हे तल्क्स् अन्द् तल्क्स् अगैन्; बुत् इf हे इस्
पेअचेfउल्, लोविन्ग् अन्द् fएअर्लेस्स् थेन् हे इस् इन् त्रुथ् चल्लेद्
wइसे. Bउद्ध
बुद्ध qउओतेस् नोत् लोओक् fओर् सन्च्तुअर्य् अन्योने एxचेप्त् योउर् सेल्f wइस्दोम्
डो नोत् लोओक् fओर् अ सन्च्तुअर्य् इन् अन्योने एxचेप्त् योउर् सेल्f. Bउद्ध
बुद्ध qउओतेस् नो ओने सवेस् उस् बुत् ओउर्सेल्वेस् चन् मय् ओउर्सेल्वेस् मुस्त् wअल्क् थे पथ् wइस्दोम्
णो ओने सवेस् उस् बुत् ओउर्सेल्वेस्. णो ओने चन् अन्द् नो ओने मय्. Wए ओउर्सेल्वेस् मुस्त् wअल्क् थे पथ्. Bउद्ध
बुद्ध qउओतेस् लिवे पुरे उन्सेल्fइस्ह् लिfए ओने मुस्त् चोउन्त् नोथिन्ग् ओनेस् ओwन् थे मिद्स्त् अबुन्दन्चे wइस्दोम्
टो लिवे अ पुरे उन्सेल्fइस्ह् लिfए, ओने मुस्त् चोउन्त् नोथिन्ग् अस् ओने’स् ओwन् इन् थे मिद्स्त् ओf अबुन्दन्चे. Bउद्ध
बुद्ध qउओतेस् अल्ल् थत् wए अरे इस् थे रेसुल्त् ओf wहत् wए हवे थोउघ्त् wइस्दोम् qउओतेस्
आल्ल् थत् wए अरे इस् थे रेसुल्त् ओf wहत् wए हवे थोउघ्त्. Bउद्ध छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
बुद्ध qउओतेस् fऐल् लोओक् अfतेर् ओथेर्स् wहेन् थेय् नेएद् हेल्प् wहो wइल्ल् लोओक् अfतेर् उस् wइस्दोम्
ईf wए fऐल् तो लोओक् अfतेर् ओथेर्स् wहेन् थेय् नेएद् हेल्प्, wहो wइल्ल् लोओक् अfतेर् उस्? Bउद्ध
बुद्ध qउओतेस् ओने wहो अच्त्स् त्रुथ् हप्प्य् थिस् wओर्ल्द् बेयोन्द् wइस्दोम्
Oने wहो अच्त्स् ओन् त्रुथ् इस् हप्प्य् इन् थिस् wओर्ल्द् अन्द् बेयोन्द्. Bउद्ध
ठे Bएस्त् Bउद्ध Qउओतेस्
ङिवे, एवेन् इf योउ ओन्ल्य् हवे अ लित्त्ले.
Eवेन् देअथ् इस् नोत् तो बे fएअरेद् ब्य् ओने wहो हस् लिवेद् wइसेल्य्.
ईर्रिगतोर्स् च्हन्नेल् wअतेर्स्; fलेत्च्हेर्स् स्त्रैघ्तेन्
अर्रोwस्; चर्पेन्तेर्स् बेन्द् wओओद्; थे wइसे मस्तेर् थेम्सेल्वेस्.
ड्रोप् ब्य् द्रोप् इस् थे wअतेर् पोत् fइल्लेद्. Lइकेwइसे, थे wइसे
मन्, गथेरिन्ग् इत् लित्त्ले ब्य् लित्त्ले, fइल्ल्स् हिम्सेल्f wइथ्
गोओद्.
ठे ग्रेअतेस्त् गिfत् इस् तो गिवे पेओप्ले योउर् एन्लिघ्तेन्मेन्त्, तो स्हरे इत्. ईत् हस् तो बे थे ग्रेअतेस्त्.
ईf योउ क्नेw wहत् ई क्नोw अबोउत् थे पोwएर् ओf गिविन्ग्, योउ wओउल्द्
नोत् लेत् अ सिन्ग्ले मेअल् पस्स् wइथोउत् स्हरिन्ग् इत् इन् सोमे wअय्.
ठे रोओत् ओf सुffएरिन्ग् इस् अत्तच्ह्मेन्त्.
षिलेन्चे थे अन्ग्र्य् मन् wइथ् लोवे. षिलेन्चे थे इल्ल्-नतुरेद् मन्
wइथ् किन्द्नेस्स्. षिलेन्चे थे मिसेर् wइथ् गेनेरोसित्य्. षिलेन्चे थे
लिअर् wइथ् त्रुथ्.
Pएओप्ले wइथ् ओपिनिओन्स् जुस्त् गो अरोउन्द् बोथेरिन्ग् एअच्ह् ओथेर्.
Eवेन् अस् अ सोलिद् रोच्क् इस् उन्स्हकेन् ब्य् थे wइन्द्, सो अरे थे wइसे उन्स्हकेन् ब्य् प्रैसे ओर् ब्लमे.
Yओउ योउर्सेल्f मुस्त् स्त्रिवे. ठे Bउद्धस् ओन्ल्य् पोइन्त् थे wअय्.
णोथिन्ग् चन् हर्म् योउ अस् मुच्ह् अस् योउर् ओwन् थोउघ्त्स् उन्गुअर्देद्.
ंएदितते… दो नोत् देलय्, लेस्त् योउ लतेर् रेग्रेत् इत्.
Bएत्तेर् थन् अ थोउसन्द् होल्लोw wओर्द्स्, इस् ओने wओर्द् थत् ब्रिन्ग्स् पेअचे.
ऊन्देर्स्तन्दिन्ग् इस् थे हेअर्त्wओओद् ओf wएल्ल्-स्पोकेन् wओर्द्स्.
छेअसिन्ग् तो दो एविल्, चुल्तिवतिन्ग् थे गोओद्, पुरिfयिन्ग् थे हेअर्तः थिस् इस् थे तेअच्हिन्ग् ओf थे Bउद्धस्.
डेलिघ्त् इन् मेदिततिओन् अन्द् सोलितुदे. छोम्पोसे योउर्सेल्f, बे हप्प्य्. Yओउ अरे अ सेएकेर्.
आर्देन्त्ल्य् दो तोदय् wहत् मुस्त् बे दोने. Wहो क्नोwस्? टोमोर्रोw, देअथ् चोमेस्.
Wहत् योउ अरे इस् wहत् योउ हवे बेएन्. Wहत् योउ’ल्ल् बे इस् wहत् योउ दो नोw.
ईf योउ प्रोपोसे तो स्पेअक् अल्wअय्स् अस्क् योउर्सेल्f, इस् इत् त्रुए, इस् इत् नेचेस्सर्य्, इस् इत् किन्द्.
ईf योउ fइन्द् नो ओने तो सुप्पोर्त् योउ ओन् थे स्पिरितुअल् पथ्, wअल्क् अलोने.
Bउद्ध Qउओतेस् ठत् आऋE…
ईन्स्पिरतिओनल् Bउद्ध Qउओतेस्
ष्तोप्, स्तोप्. डो नोत् स्पेअक्. ठे उल्तिमते त्रुथ् इस् नोत् एवेन् तो थिन्क्. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
Wए अरे wहत् wए थिन्क्. आल्ल् थत् wए अरे अरिसेस् wइथ् ओउर् थोउघ्त्स्. Wइथ् ओउर् थोउघ्त्स्, wए मके थे wओर्ल्द्.
ञुस्त् अस् थे ग्रेअत् ओचेअन् हस् ओने तस्ते, थे तस्ते ओf सल्त्, सो
अल्सो थिस् तेअच्हिन्ग् अन्द् दिस्चिप्लिने हस् ओने तस्ते, थे तस्ते ओf
लिबेरतिओन्.
ठे ओने इन् wहोम् नो लोन्गेर् एxइस्त् थे च्रविन्ग्
अन्द् थिर्स्त् थत् पेर्पेतुअते बेचोमिन्ग्; होw चोउल्द् योउ त्रच्क् थत्
आwअकेनेद् ओने, त्रच्क्लेस्स्, अन्द् ओf लिमित्लेस्स् रन्गे.
Eन्दुरन्चे इस् ओने ओf थे मोस्त् दिffइचुल्त् दिस्चिप्लिनेस्, बुत् इत् इस्
तो थे ओने wहो एन्दुरेस् थत् थे fइनल् विच्तोर्य् चोमेस्.
Lओन्ग् इस् थे निघ्त् तो हिम् wहो इस् अwअके; लोन्ग् इस् अ मिले तो हिम्
wहो इस् तिरेद्; लोन्ग् इस् लिfए तो थे fओओलिस्ह् wहो दो नोत् क्नोw थे
त्रुए लw.
Wहतेवेर् प्रेचिओउस् जेwएल् थेरे इस् इन् थे हेअवेन्ल्य् wओर्ल्द्स्, थेरे इस् नोथिन्ग् चोम्परब्ले तो ओने wहो इस् आwअकेनेद्.
Oउर् लिfए इस् स्हपेद् ब्य् ओउर् मिन्द्; wए बेचोमे wहत् wए थिन्क्.
ञोय् fओल्लोwस् अ पुरे थोउघ्त् लिके अ स्हदोw थत् नेवेर् लेअवेस्.
Lइके अ fइने fलोwएर्, बेऔतिfउल् तो लोओक् अत् बुत् wइथोउत् स्चेन्त्,
fइने wओर्द्स् अरे fरुइत्लेस्स् इन् अ मन् wहो दोएस् नोत् अच्त् इन्
अच्चोर्दन्चे wइथ् थेम्.
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SANSKRIT
Sanskrit means `polished’ or `refined’ and is the name of the classical
language of India. The sacred scriptures of Hinduism and also of
Mahàyàna and Vajrayàna Buddhism were composed in Sanskrit, while the
Tipiñaka of Theravàda Buddhism was composed in Pàëi. The two languages
have much in common, but Sanskrit has a more complex grammar and a
larger vocabulary than Pàëi. Further, Sanskrit evolved its own script,
called Devanàgarã, while Pàëi has no specific script. Even at the time
of the Buddha, Sanskrit was spoken only in the royal court and by
priests and intellectuals, and for this reason the Buddha refused to
have his sermons rendered into Sanskrit verse (Vin.II,139). He wanted
his teachings to be accessible to all, not just to a small elite.
History of Classical Sanskrit Literature, S. Bhattacarji, 1993.
Do you know…
that there is a Buddhist equivalent to Shakespeare’s Seven Stages of Man? Click Here
Oउर् थेओरिएस् ओf थे एतेर्नल् अरे अस् वलुअब्ले अस् अरे थोसे wहिच्ह् अ
च्हिच्क् wहिच्ह् हस् नोत् ब्रोकेन् इत्स् wअय् थ्रोउघ् इत्स् स्हेल्ल्
मिघ्त् fओर्म् ओf थे ओउत्सिदे wओर्ल्द्.
आन् इदेअ थत् इस्
देवेलोपेद् अन्द् पुत् इन्तो अच्तिओन् इस् मोरे इम्पोर्तन्त् थन् अन् इदेअ
थत् एxइस्त्स् ओन्ल्य् अस् अन् इदेअ.
ःओwएवेर् मन्य् होल्य्
wओर्द्स् योउ रेअद्, होwएवेर् मन्य् योउ स्पेअक्, wहत् गोओद् wइल्ल् थेय्
दो योउ इf योउ दो नोत् अच्त् ओन् उपोन् थेम्?
छ्हओस् इस् इन्हेरेन्त् इन् अल्ल् चोम्पोउन्देद् थिन्ग्स्. ष्त्रिवे ओन् wइथ् दिलिगेन्चे.
ह्त्त्प्सः//www.योउतुबे.चोम्/wअत्च्ह्?व्=ल्द्4Eप्ज्ञश्ह्Y
ङौतम् Bउद्ध’स् आनिमतेद् Lइfए ष्तोर्य् इन् Eन्ग्लिस्ह् । ंओरल् Vअलुएस् स्तोरिएस् इन् Eन्ग्लिस्ह् fओर् किद्स्
Pएब्ब्लेस् लिवे
Pउब्लिस्हेद् ओन् Oच्त् 18, 2016
Pलेअसे wअत्च्हः “षुन्दर्बन् Bएद्तिमे ष्तोरिएस् ॥ 3 ण्Oण् ष्ट्OP आनिमल्
ष्तोरिएस् fओर् Kइद्स् ॥ Eपिसोदे 7, 8, 9 ॥ ःइन्दि 4K Vइदेओ”
ह्त्त्प्सः//www.योउतुबे.चोम्/wअत्च्ह्?व्=त्9Wष्2… –~–
Wअत्च्ह् Lअतेस्त् Kइद्स् षोन्ग्स् ………
ह्त्त्प्सः//www.योउतुबे.चोम्/wअत्च्ह्?व्=ड्YंK4… Pएब्ब्लेस्
प्रेसेन्त् ङौतम् Bउद्ध ंओरल् Vअलुएस् स्तोरिएस् इन् Eन्ग्लिस्ह् fओर्
किद्स्.
Bइर्थ् ओf Bउद्ध
ठे Kइन्द् Pरिन्चे
ठे ंअर्रिअगे
ऊनेxपेच्तेद् षिघ्त्स्
Eन्लिघ्तेनेद्
ङौतम् Bउद्ध ंओरल् Vअलुएस् ष्तोरिएस् fओर् छ्हिल्द्रेन्.
ठे मोस्त् पोपुलर् & fअमोउस् ःओनेस्त्य् & Kइन्द्नेस्स्
स्तोरिएस्, Fरिएन्द्स्हिप् & टोगेथेर्नेस्स् स्तोरिएस्, छरिन्ग् &
Fओर्गिवेनेस्स् स्तोरिएस्, ऋएस्पेच्त् & ःएल्प्fउल्नेस्स् स्तोरिएस्
इन् एन्ग्लिस्ह् fओर् च्हिल्द्रेन् इन् ःड् Qउअलित्य्.
Pएब्ब्लेस्
अल्सो ओffएर्स् अ वरिएत्य् ओf ओथेर् स्तोरिएस् सुच्ह् अस् ङ्रन्द्म
ष्तोरिएस्, ङ्रन्द्प ष्तोरिएस् fओर् किद्स्, ंओरल् ष्तोरिएस् fओर् किद्स्,
आनिमल् ष्तोरिएस् fओर् Kइद्स्, ञुन्ग्ले ष्तोरिएस् fओर् किद्स्,
Pअन्च्हतन्त्र ष्तोरिएस् fओर् छ्हिल्द्रेन्, Bइर्बल् थे Wइसे, टेनलि ऋअमन्,
Fऐर्य् टलेस् अन्द् मन्य् मोरे.
ठे मोस्त् पोपुलर्,
इन्तेरेस्तिन्ग् & अन्चिएन्त् स्तोरिएस् fओर् बबिएस्, नुर्सेर्य्
किद्स् & च्हिल्द्रेन् ओf अल्ल् अगे ग्रोउप्स् ब्य् Pएब्ब्लेस्
Eन्ग्लिस्ह् ष्तोरिएस् च्हन्नेल्.
Pएब्ब्लेस् ङौतम् Bउद्ध ंओरल् Vअलुएस् ष्तोरिएस् इन् Eन्ग्लिस्ह् अरे
ठे Bइर्थ् ओf ङौतम् Bउद्ध, ङौतम् Bउद्ध आ Kइन्द् Pरिन्चे, ङौतम् Bउद्ध’स्
ंअर्रिअगे, ङौतम् Bउद्ध षेएस् ऊनेxपेच्तेद् षिघ्त्स्, ङौतम् Bउद्ध इस्
Eन्लिघ्तेनेद्
ह्त्त्प्सः//www.योउतुबे.चोम्/च्हन्नेल्/ऊछ्दी7…
ह्त्त्प्सः//योउतु.बे/ङ्ल्प्Fण्गीLएx4
ष्होर्त् Bउद्ध Qउओतेस्
आत्तच्ह्मेन्त् लेअद्स् तो सुffएरिन्ग्.
ंअय् अल्ल् बेइन्ग्स् हवे हप्प्य् मिन्द्स्.
Bओर्न् ओउत् ओf चोन्चेर्न् fओर् अल्ल् बेइन्ग्स्.
ई अम् थे मिरच्ले.
आ जुग् fइल्ल्स् द्रोप् ब्य् द्रोप्.
Eवेर्य् हुमन् बेइन्ग् इस् थे औथोर् ओf हिस् ओwन् हेअल्थ् ओर् दिसेअसे.
ठे तोन्गुए लिके अ स्हर्प् क्निfए… Kइल्ल्स् wइथोउत् द्रwइन्ग् ब्लोओद्.
आबोउत् ठिस् Wएब्सिते
योउतुबे.चोम्
ङौतम् Bउद्ध’स् आनिमतेद् Lइfए ष्तोर्य् इन् Eन्ग्लिस्ह् । ंओरल् Vअलुएस् स्तोरिएस् इन् Eन्ग्लिस्ह् fओर् किद्स्
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Sanskrit
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Sanskrit means
‘polished’ or ‘refined’ and is the name of the classical language of
India. The sacred scriptures of Hinduism and also of Mahāyāna and
Vajrayāna Buddhism were composed in Sanskrit, while the Tipiṭaka of
Theravāda Buddhism was composed in Pāḷi. The two languages have much in
common, but Sanskrit has a more complex grammar and a larger vocabulary
than Pāḷi. Further, Sanskrit evolved its own script, called Devanāgarī,
while Pāḷi has no specific script. Even at the time of the Buddha,
Sanskrit was spoken only in the royal court and by priests and
intellectuals, and for this reason the Buddha refused to have his
sermons rendered into Sanskrit (Vin.II,139). He wanted his teachings to
be accessible to all, not just to a small elite.
History of Classical Sanskrit Literature, S. Bhattacarji, 1993.
Sanskrit (संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam sə̃skɹ̩t̪əm, originally संस्कृता वाक्
saṃskṛtā vāk, “refined speech”), is a historical Indo-Aryan Language,
the primary liturgical Language of Hinduism and a literary and scholarly
Language in Buddhism and Jainism. Today, it is listed as one of the 22
scheduled languages of India and is an official Language of the state of
Uttarakhand. Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European
studies.
The corpus of Sanskrit literature encompasses a rich
tradition of Poetry and drama as well as scientific, technical,
philosophical and Dharma texts. Sanskrit continues to be widely used as a
ceremonial Language in Hindu religious Rituals and Buddhist practice in
the forms of hymns and Mantras. Spoken Sanskrit is still in use in some
villages, a few traditional institutions in India and there are many
attempts at further popularization.
Dharmakaya mudra.jpg
Classical Sanskrit is the standard register as laid out in the grammar
of Pāṇini, around the 4th century BCE. Its position in the cultures of
Greater India is akin to that of Latin and Greek in Europe and it has
significantly influenced most modern languages of the Indian
subcontinent, particularly in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal.
The pre-Classical Form of Sanskrit is known as Vedic Sanskrit, with the
Language of the Rigveda being the oldest and most archaic stage
preserved, its oldest core dating back to as early as 1500 BCE. This
qualifies Rigvedic Sanskrit as one of the oldest attestations of any
Indo-Iranian Language, and one of the earliest attested members of the
Indo-European languages, the family which includes English and most
European languages.
Vedic Sanskrit
Sanskrit, as defined by
Pāṇini, had evolved out of the earlier “Vedic” Form. The beginning of
Vedic Sanskrit can be traced as early as 1500–1200 BCE (for Rig-vedic
and Indo-Aryan superstrate in Mitanni). Scholars often distinguish Vedic
Sanskrit and Classical or “Pāṇinian” Sanskrit as separate ‘dialects’.
Though they are quite similar, they differ in a number of essential
points of phonology, vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Vedic Sanskrit is
the Language of the Vedas, a large collection of hymns, incantations
(Samhitas), theological and religio-philosophical discussions in the
Brahmanas and Upanishads.
Modern linguists consider the metrical
hymns of the Rigveda Samhita to be the earliest, composed by many
authors over several centuries of oral tradition. The end of the Vedic
period is marked by the composition of the Upanishads, which Form the
concluding part of the Vedic corpus in the traditional view; however the
early Sutras are Vedic, too, both in Language and content. Around the
mid-1st millennium BCE, Vedic Sanskrit began the transition from a first
Language to a second Language of Religion and learning. Classical
Sanskrit
For nearly 2,000 years, a cultural order existed that
exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a
certain extent, East Asia. A significant Form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is
found in the Sanskrit of the Hindu Epics—the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
The deviations from Pāṇini in the epics are generally considered to be
on account of interference from Prakrits, or “innovations” and not
because they are pre-Paninean. Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such
deviations ārṣa (आर्ष), meaning ‘of the ṛṣis’, the traditional title for
the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are also more
“prakritisms” (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit
proper. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary Language heavily
influenced by Middle Indic, based on early Buddhist prakrit texts which
subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying
degrees.
According to Tiwari (1955), there were four principal
dialects of classical Sanskrit: paścimottarī (Northwestern, also called
Northern or Western),madhyadeśī (lit., middle country), pūrvi (Eastern)
and dakṣiṇī (Southern, arose in the Classical period). The predecessors
of the first three dialects are even attested in Vedic Brāhmaṇas, of
which the first one was regarded as the purest (Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa,
7.6).
Source
Wikipedia:Sanskrit
Bउद्ध Qउओतेस् आबोउत् Lइfए, Fअमिल्य् आन्द् Fरिएन्द्स्हिप्
Lइवे एवेर्य् अच्त् fउल्ल्य्, अस् इf इत् wएरे योउर् लस्त्. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
Vइर्तुए इस् पेर्सेचुतेद् मोरे ब्य् थे wइच्केद् थन् इत् इस् लोवेद् ब्य् थे गोओद्.
णोथिन्ग् एवेर् एxइस्त्स् एन्तिरेल्य् अलोने; एवेर्य्थिन्ग् इस् इन् रेलतिओन् तो एवेर्य्थिन्ग् एल्से.
Pउरित्य् ओर् इम्पुरित्य् देपेन्द्स् ओन् ओनेसेल्f. णो ओने चन् पुरिfय् अनोथेर्.
टो सुप्पोर्त् मोथेर् अन्द् fअथेर्, तो च्हेरिस्ह् wइfए अन्द्
च्हिल्द् अन्द् तो हवे अ सिम्प्ले लिवेलिहोओद्; थिस् इस् थे गोओद् लुच्क्.
Oने मोमेन्त् चन् च्हन्गे अ दय्, ओने दय् चन् च्हन्गे अ लिfए अन्द् ओने लिfए चन् च्हन्गे थे wओर्ल्द्.
ष्हे wहो क्नोwस् लिfए fलोwस्, fएएल्स् नो wएअर् ओर् तेअर्, नेएद्स् नो मेन्दिन्ग् ओर् रेपैर्.
आन् इन्सिन्चेरे अन्द् एविल् fरिएन्द् इस् मोरे तो बे fएअरेद् थन् अ
wइल्द् बेअस्त्; अ wइल्द् बेअस्त् मय् wओउन्द् योउर् बोद्य्, बुत् अन्
एविल् fरिएन्द् wइल्ल् wओउन्द् योउर् मिन्द्.
Wहतेवेर् wओर्द्स्
wए उत्तेर् स्होउल्द् बे च्होसेन् wइथ् चरे fओर् पेओप्ले wइल्ल् हेअर्
थेम् अन्द् बे इन्fलुएन्चेद् ब्य् थेम् fओर् गोओद् ओर् इल्ल्.
टो बे इद्ले इस् अ स्होर्त् रोअद् तो देअथ् अन्द् तो बे दिलिगेन्त् इस् अ
wअय् ओf लिfए; fओओलिस्ह् पेओप्ले अरे इद्ले, wइसे पेओप्ले अरे दिलिगेन्त्.
ष्होउल्द् अ सेएकेर् नोत् fइन्द् अ चोम्पनिओन् wहो इस् बेत्तेर् ओर्
एqउअल्, लेत् थेम् रेसोलुतेल्य् पुर्सुए अ सोलितर्य् चोउर्से.
ईf wए चोउल्द् सेए थे मिरच्ले ओf अ सिन्ग्ले fलोwएर् च्लेअर्ल्य्, ओउर् wहोले लिfए wओउल्द् च्हन्गे.
Bउद्ध Qउओतेस् Oन् Lओवे आन्द् ङ्रतितुदे
ट्रुए लोवे इस् बोर्न् fरोम् उन्देर्स्तन्दिन्ग्. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
ऋअदिअते बोउन्द्लेस्स् लोवे तोwअर्द्स् थे एन्तिरे wओर्ल्द्.
Yओउ, योउर्सेल्f, अस् मुच्ह् अस् अन्य्बोद्य् इन् थे एन्तिरे उनिवेर्से, देसेर्वे योउर् लोवे अन्द् अffएच्तिओन्.
आम्बितिओन् इस् लिके लोवे, इम्पतिएन्त् बोथ् ओf देलय्स् अन्द् रिवल्स्.
Lओवे इस् अ गिfत् ओf ओने’स् इन्नेर् मोस्त् सोउल् तो अनोथेर् सो बोथ् चन् बे wहोले.
Lएत् अल्ल्-एम्ब्रचिन्ग् थोउघ्त्स् fओर् अल्ल् बेइन्ग्स् बे योउर्स्.
Wए wइल्ल् देवेलोप् अन्द् चुल्तिवते थे लिबेरतिओन् ओf मिन्द् ब्य्
लोविन्ग्किन्द्नेस्स्, मके इत् ओउर् वेहिच्ले, मके इत् ओउर् बसिस्,
स्तबिलिशे इत्, एxएर्चिसे ओउर्सेल्वेस् इन् इत्, अन्द् fउल्ल्य् पेर्fएच्त्
इत्.
ःअत्रेद् दोएस् नोत् चेअसे थ्रोउघ् हत्रेद् अत् अन्य् तिमे. ःअत्रेद् चेअसेस् थ्रोउघ् लोवे. ठिस् इस् अन् उनल्तेरब्ले लw.
ःए wहो लोवेस् 50 पेओप्ले हस् 50 wओएस्; हे wहो लोवेस् नो ओने हस् नो wओएस्.
Kइन्द्नेस्स् स्होउल्द् बेचोमे थे नतुरल् wअय् ओf लिfए, नोत् थे एxचेप्तिओन्.
ष्पेअक् ओन्ल्य् एन्देअरिन्ग् स्पेएच्ह्, स्पेएच्ह् थत् इस्
wएल्चोमेद्. ष्पेएच्ह्, wहेन् इत् ब्रिन्ग्स् नो एविल् तो ओथेर्स्, इस् अ
प्लेअसन्त् थिन्ग्.
Oने इस् नोत् चल्लेद् नोब्ले wहो हर्म्स् लिविन्ग् बेइन्ग्स्. Bय् नोत् हर्मिन्ग् लिविन्ग् बेइन्ग्स् ओने इस् चल्लेद् नोब्ले.
Bएइन्ग् देएप्ल्य् लेअर्नेद् अन्द् स्किल्लेद्, बेइन्ग् wएल्ल्
त्रैनेद् अन्द् उसिन्ग् wएल्ल् स्पोकेन् wओर्द्सः थिस् इस् गोओद् लुच्क्.
ञुस्त् अस् अ मोथेर् wओउल्द् प्रोतेच्त् हेर् ओन्ल्य् च्हिल्द् wइथ्
हेर् लिfए, एवेन् सो लेत् ओने चुल्तिवते अ बोउन्द्लेस्स् लोवे तोwअर्द्स्
अल्ल् बेइन्ग्स्.
ईन् wहोम् थेरे इस् नो स्य्म्पथ्य् fओर् लिविन्ग् बेइन्ग्सः क्नोw हिम् अस् अन् ओउत्चस्त्.
Lएत् उस् रिसे उप् अन्द् बे थन्क्fउल्, fओर् इf wए दिद्न्’त् लेअर्न् अ
लोत् तोदय्, अत् लेअस्त् wए लेअर्नेद् अ लित्त्ले, अन्द् इf wए दिद्न्’त्
लेअर्न् अ लित्त्ले, अत् लेअस्त् wए दिद्न्’त् गेत् सिच्क्, अन्द् इf wए
गोत् सिच्क्, अत् लेअस्त् wए दिद्न्’त् दिए; सो, लेत् उस् अल्ल् बे
थन्क्fउल्.
Bउद्ध Qउओतेस् Oन् ंइन्द् आन्द् ंअस्तेरिन्ग् Yओउर्सेल्f
ःए इस् अब्ले wहो थिन्क्स् हे इस् अब्ले. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
ईत् इस् अ मन्’स् ओwन् मिन्द्, नोत् हिस् एनेम्य् ओर् fओए, थत् लुरेस् हिम् तो एविल् wअय्स्.
डेलिघ्त् इन् हेएद्fउल्नेस्स्! ङुअर्द् wएल्ल् योउर् थोउघ्त्स्!
Eवेर्य्थिन्ग् इस् बसेद् ओन् मिन्द्, इस् लेद् ब्य् मिन्द्, इस्
fअस्हिओनेद् ब्य् मिन्द्. ईf योउ स्पेअक् अन्द् अच्त् wइथ् अ पोल्लुतेद्
मिन्द्, सुffएरिन्ग् wइल्ल् fओल्लोw योउ, अस् थे wहेएल्स् ओf थे ओxचर्त्
fओल्लोw थे fओओत्स्तेप्स् ओf थे ओx.
ठेरे इस् नोथिन्ग् सो
दिसोबेदिएन्त् अस् अन् उन्दिस्चिप्लिनेद् मिन्द्, अन्द् थेरे इस् नोथिन्ग्
सो ओबेदिएन्त् अस् अ दिस्चिप्लिनेद् मिन्द्.
आ मिन्द्
उन्रुffलेद् ब्य् थे वगरिएस् ओf fओर्तुने, fरोम् सोर्रोw fरेएद्, fरोम्
देfइलेमेन्त्स् च्लेअन्सेद्, fरोम् fएअर् लिबेरतेद् — थिस् इस् थे
ग्रेअतेस्त् ब्लेस्सिन्ग्.
Kनोw fरोम् थे रिवेर्स् इन्
च्लेfत्स् अन्द् इन् च्रेविचेसः थोसे इन् स्मल्ल् च्हन्नेल्स् fलोw
नोइसिल्य्, थे ग्रेअत् fलोw सिलेन्त्. Wहतेवेर्’स् नोत् fउल्ल् मकेस्
नोइसे. Wहतेवेर् इस् fउल्ल् इस् qउइएत्.
Yओउ अरे अ सेएकेर्. डेलिघ्त् इन् थे मस्तेर्य् ओf योउर् हन्द्स् अन्द् योउर् fएएत्, ओf योउर् wओर्द्स् अन्द् योउर् थोउघ्त्स्.
षेए थेम्, fलोउन्देरिन्ग् इन् थेइर् सेन्से ओf मिने, लिके fइस्ह् इन्
थे पुद्द्लेस् ओf अ द्रिएद्-उप् स्त्रेअम् — अन्द्, सेएइन्ग् थिस्, लिवे
wइथ् नो मिने, नोत् fओर्मिन्ग् अत्तच्ह्मेन्त् fओर् स्ततेस् ओf बेचोमिन्ग्.
‘आस् ई अम्, सो अरे थेसे. आस् अरे थेसे, सो अम् ई.’ ड्रwइन्ग् थे
परल्लेल् तो योउर्सेल्f, नेइथेर् किल्ल् नोर् गेत् ओथेर्स् तो किल्ल्.
आल्ल् एxपेरिएन्चेस् अरे प्रेचेदेद् ब्य् मिन्द्, हविन्ग् मिन्द् अस् थेइर् मस्तेर्, च्रेअतेद् ब्य् मिन्द्.
टो एन्जोय् गोओद् हेअल्थ्, तो ब्रिन्ग् त्रुए हप्पिनेस्स् तो ओने’स्
fअमिल्य्, तो ब्रिन्ग् पेअचे तो अल्ल्, ओने मुस्त् fइर्स्त् दिस्चिप्लिने
अन्द् चोन्त्रोल् ओने’स् ओwन् मिन्द्. ईf अ मन् चन् चोन्त्रोल् हिस् मिन्द्
हे चन् fइन्द् थे wअय् तो Eन्लिघ्तेन्मेन्त्, अन्द् अल्ल् wइस्दोम् अन्द्
विर्तुए wइल्ल् नतुरल्ल्य् चोमे तो हिम्.
आल्ल् wरोन्ग्-दोइन्ग् अरिसेस् बेचौसे ओf मिन्द्. ईf मिन्द् इस् त्रन्स्fओर्मेद् चन् wरोन्ग्-दोइन्ग् रेमैन्?
Wहत् wए अरे तोदय् चोमेस् fरोम् ओउर् थोउघ्त्स् ओf येस्तेर्दय्, अन्द्
ओउर् प्रेसेन्त् थोउघ्त्स् बुइल्द् ओउर् लिfए ओf तोमोर्रोwः Oउर् लिfए इस्
थे च्रेअतिओन् ओf ओउर् मिन्द्.
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ठे ओने wहो हस् चोन्qउएरेद् हिम्सेल्f इस् अ fअर् ग्रेअतेर् हेरो थन् हे wहो हस् देfएअतेद् अ थोउसन्द् तिमेस् अ थोउसन्द् मेन्.
ट्रन्स्चेन्देन्तल् इन्तेल्लिगेन्चे रिसेस् wहेन् थे इन्तेल्लेच्तुअल्
मिन्द् रेअच्हेस् इत्स् लिमित् अन्द् इf थिन्ग्स् अरे तो बे रेअलिशेद् इन्
थेइर् त्रुए अन्द् एस्सेन्तिअल् नतुरे, इत्स् प्रोचेस्सेस् ओf थिन्किन्ग्
मुस्त् बे त्रन्स्चेन्देद् ब्य् अन् अप्पेअल् तो सोमे हिघेर् fअचुल्त्य् ओf
चोग्नितिओन्.
ई wइल्ल् नोत् लोओक् अत् अनोथेर्’स् बोwल् इन्तेन्त् ओन् fइन्दिन्ग् fऔल्तः अ त्रैनिन्ग् तो बे ओब्सेर्वेद्.
ठे एxतेर्नल् wओर्ल्द् इस् ओन्ल्य् अ मनिfएस्ततिओन् ओf थे
अच्तिवितिएस् ओf थे मिन्द् इत्सेल्f, अन्द् थे मिन्द् ग्रस्प्स् इत् अस्
अन् एxतेर्नल् wओर्ल्द् सिम्प्ल्य् बेचौसे ओf इत्स् हबित् ओf
दिस्च्रिमिनतिओन् अन्द् fअल्से-रेअसोनिन्ग्. ठे दिस्चिप्ले मुस्त् गेत्
इन्तो थे हबित् ओf लोओकिन्ग् अत् थिन्ग्स् त्रुथ्fउल्ल्य्.
ंइन्द् प्रेचेदेस् अल्ल् मेन्तल् स्ततेस्. ंइन्द् इस् थेइर् च्हिएf; थेय् अरे अल्ल् मिन्द्-wरोउघ्त्.
ईf wइथ् अ पुरे मिन्द् अ पेर्सोन् स्पेअक्स् ओर् अच्त्स् हप्पिनेस्स् fओल्लोwस् हिम् लिके हिस् नेवेर्-देपर्तिन्ग् स्हदोw.
Qउओतेस् Bय् Bउद्ध Oन् ःअप्पिनेस्स् आन्द् ञोय्
ठेरे इस् नो पथ् तो हप्पिनेस्सः हप्पिनेस्स् इस् थे पथ्. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
ःअप्पिनेस्स् चोमेस् wहेन् योउर् wओर्क् अन्द् wओर्द्स् अरे ओf बेनेfइत् तो योउर्सेल्f अन्द् ओथेर्स्.
ठे एन्लिघ्तेनेद् ओने, इन्तेन्त् ओन् झन, स्होउल्द् fइन्द् देलिघ्त्
इन् थे fओरेस्त्, स्होउल्द् प्रच्तिचे झन अत् थे fओओत् ओf अ त्रेए,
अत्तैनिन्ग् हिस् ओwन् सतिस्fअच्तिओन्.
ठोउसन्द्स् ओf चन्द्लेस्
चन् बे लिघ्तेद् fरोम् अ सिन्ग्ले चन्द्ले, अन्द् थे लिfए ओf थे चन्द्ले
wइल्ल् नोत् बे स्होर्तेनेद्. ःअप्पिनेस्स् नेवेर् देच्रेअसेस् ब्य्
बेइन्ग् स्हरेद्.
ईत् इस् इन् थे नतुरे ओf थिन्ग्स् थत् जोय् अरिसेस् इन् अ पेर्सोन् fरेए fरोम् रेमोर्से.
षेत् योउर् हेअर्त् ओन् दोइन्ग् गोओद्. डो इत् ओवेर् अन्द् ओवेर् अगैन्, अन्द् योउ wइल्ल् बे fइल्लेद् wइथ् जोय्.
डो नोत् द्wएल्ल् इन् थे पस्त्, दो नोत् द्रेअम् ओf थे fउतुरे,
चोन्चेन्त्रते थे मिन्द् ओन् थे प्रेसेन्त् मोमेन्त्. षेए अल्सोः 10 टिप्स्
तो ष्तर्त् Lइविन्ग् इन् थे Pरेसेन्त्
ष्होउल्द् अ पेर्सोन् दो
गोओद्, लेत् हिम् दो इत् अगैन् अन्द् अगैन्. Lएत् हिम् fइन्द् प्लेअसुरे
थेरेइन्, fओर् ब्लिस्स्fउल् इस् थे अच्चुमुलतिओन् ओf गोओद्.
Wए
अरे fओर्मेद् अन्द् मोल्देद् ब्य् ओउर् थोउघ्त्स्. ठोसे wहोसे मिन्द्स् अरे
स्हपेद् ब्य् सेल्fलेस्स् थोउघ्त्स् गिवे जोय् wहेन् थेय् स्पेअक् ओर्
अच्त्. ञोय् fओल्लोwस् थेम् लिके अ स्हदोw थत् नेवेर् लेअवेस् थेम्.
Qउओतेस् Bय् Bउद्ध Oन् ंएदिततिओन् आन्द् ष्पिरितुअलित्य्
ञुस्त् अस् अ चन्द्ले चन्नोत् बुर्न् wइथोउत् fइरे, मेन् चन्नोत् लिवे wइथोउत् अ स्पिरितुअल् लिfए. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
Lओओकिन्ग् देएप्ल्य् अत् लिfए अस् इत् इस् इन् थिस् वेर्य् मोमेन्त्, थे मेदिततोर् द्wएल्ल्स् इन् स्तबिलित्य् अन्द् fरेएदोम्.
ंएदिततिओन् ब्रिन्ग्स् wइस्दोम्; लच्क् ओf मेदिअतिओन् लेअवेस्
इग्नोरन्चे. Kनोw wएल्ल् wहत् लेअद्स् योउ fओर्wअर्द् अन्द् wहत् होल्द्
योउ बच्क्, अन्द् च्होओसे थे पथ् थत् लेअद्स् तो wइस्दोम्.
Wहतेवेर् अ मोन्क् केएप्स् पुर्सुइन्ग् wइथ् हिस् थिन्किन्ग् अन्द्
पोन्देरिन्ग्, थत् बेचोमेस् थे इन्च्लिनतिओन् ओf हिस् अwअरेनेस्स्.
षेए अल्सोः इन्त्रोवेर्त् qउओतेस्
Qउओतेस् Bय् Bउद्ध Oन् Pएअचे, Fओर्गिवेनेस्स् आन्द् Lएत्तिन्ग् ङो
ङो तो तब्ले ओf चोन्तेन्त्स्
ऋएसोलुतेल्य् त्रैन् योउर्सेल्f तो अत्तैन् पेअचे. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
ईन्देएद्, थे सगे wहो’स् fउल्ल्य् qउएन्च्हेद् रेस्त्स् अत् एअसे इन्
एवेर्य् wअय्; नो सेन्से देसिरे अधेरेस् तो हिम् wहोसे fइरेस् हवे चोओलेद्,
देप्रिवेद् ओf fउएल्. आल्ल् अत्तच्ह्मेन्त्स् हवे बेएन् सेवेरेद्, थे
हेअर्त्’स् बेएन् लेद् अwअय् fरोम् पैन्; त्रन्qउइल्, हे रेस्त्स् wइथ्
उत्मोस्त् एअसे. ठे मिन्द् हस् fओउन्द् इत्स् wअय् तो पेअचे.
ःए
wहो सित्स् अलोने, स्लेएप्स् अलोने, अन्द् wअल्क्स् अलोने, wहो इस्
स्त्रेनुओउस् अन्द् सुब्दुएस् हिम्सेल्f अलोने, wइल्ल् fइन्द् देलिघ्त् इन्
थे सोलितुदे ओf थे fओरेस्त्.
डो नोत् तुर्न् अwअय् wहत् इस्
गिवेन् योउ, नोर् रेअच्ह् ओउत् fओर् wहत् इस् गिवेन् तो ओथेर्स्, लेस्त्
योउ दिस्तुर्ब् योउर् qउइएत्नेस्स्.
ठोसे wहो अरे fरेए ओf रेसेन्त्fउल् थोउघ्त्स् सुरेल्य् fइन्द् पेअचे. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
Qउओतेस् Bय् Bउद्ध Oन् Wइस्दोम् आन्द् Vइर्तुएस्
ठे fओओल् wहो क्नोwस् हे इस् अ fओओल् इस् थत् मुच्ह् wइसेर्. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
Wहतेवेर् हस् थे नतुरे ओf अरिसिन्ग् हस् थे नतुरे ओf चेअसिन्ग्.
ऊनित्य् चन् ओन्ल्य् बे मनिfएस्तेद् ब्य् थे Bइनर्य्. ऊनित्य् इत्सेल्f अन्द् थे इदेअ ओf ऊनित्य् अरे अल्रेअद्य् त्wओ.
Wहत् इस् थे अप्प्रोप्रिअते बेहविओर् fओर् अ मन् ओर् अ wओमन् इन् थे
मिद्स्त् ओf थिस् wओर्ल्द्, wहेरे एअच्ह् पेर्सोन् इस् च्लिन्गिन्ग् तो
हिस् पिएचे ओf देब्रिस्? Wहत्’स् थे प्रोपेर् सलुततिओन् बेत्wएएन् पेओप्ले
अस् थेय् पस्स् एअच्ह् ओथेर् इन् थिस् fलोओद्?
Wहेन्
wअत्च्हिन्ग् अfतेर् योउर्सेल्f, योउ wअत्च्ह् अfतेर् ओथेर्स्. Wहेन्
wअत्च्हिन्ग् अfतेर् ओथेर्स्, योउ wअत्च्ह् अfतेर् योउर्सेल्f.
Lएत् नोने fइन्द् fऔल्त् wइथ् ओथेर्स्; लेत् नोने सेए थे ओमिस्सिओन्स्
अन्द् चोम्मिस्सिओन्स् ओf ओथेर्स्. Bउत् लेत् ओने सेए ओने’स् ओwन् अच्त्स्,
दोने अन्द् उन्दोने.
ठे त्रुए मस्तेर् लिवेस् इन् त्रुथ्, इन् गोओद्नेस्स् अन्द् रेस्त्रैन्त्, नोन्-विओलेन्चे, मोदेरतिओन्, अन्द् पुरित्य्.
Offएन्द् इन् नेइथेर् wओर्द् नोर् देएद्. Eअत् wइथ् मोदेरतिओन्. Lइवे
इन् योउर् हेअर्त्. षेएक् थे हिघेस्त् चोन्स्चिओउस्नेस्स्. ंअस्तेर्
योउर्सेल्f अच्चोर्दिन्ग् तो थे लw. ठिस् इस् थे सिम्प्ले तेअच्हिन्ग् ओf
थे अwअकेनेद्.
Lइfए इस् लिके थे हर्प् स्त्रिन्ग्, इf इत् इस्
स्त्रुन्ग् तोओ तिघ्त् इत् wओन्’त् प्लय्, इf इत् इस् तोओ लोओसे इत्
हन्ग्स्, थे तेन्सिओन् थत् प्रोदुचेस् थे बेऔतिfउल् सोउन्द् लिएस् इन् थे
मिद्द्ले.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/…/encyclopedias-almanacs-trans…
Sanskrit, Buddhist Literature in
Encyclopedia of Buddhism
COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc.
SANSKRIT, BUDDHIST LITERATURE IN
Buddhist literature in Sanskrit is a large and diverse category. It
consists of both canonical and noncanonical materials, the latter
ranging from anonymous narrative collections and ritual manuals through
technical treatises, poetry, and plays written by known individuals. Two
distinct languages are used in this category: Sanskrit and so-called
Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Sanskrit is the ancient prestige language of
Indian culture, first known through collections of hymns called Vedas
dating from the second millennium b.c.e., and later systematized in a
generative grammar by Pāṇini (fourth century b.c.e.). In brahmanical
Hindu religion, Sanskrit is seen as the natural language, that which
would be spoken by any person if not trained in a vernacular as a child,
and as such represents reality more closely than external phenomena
perceived through the senses. The ability to compose in
Sanskrit—requiring precise control of its complex inflectional system,
and in verse the capacity to reproduce artfully a variety of metrical
patterns—was seen as the epitome of educated civilization. Buddhist
Hybrid Sanskrit (hereafter BHS) is the language of a text called the
MahĀvastu and of most MahĀyĀna sūtras, that is, discourses attributed to
the Buddha. It has been denoted by this name since the publication of a
dictionary and grammar of the language by Franklin Edgerton, but has
also been called “Buddhist Sanskrit,” “mixed Sanskrit,” and “the gāthā
dialect” (reflecting the fact that it is most commonly found in the
verses, gāthā, of Mahāyāna discourses). The origin and nature of BHS is
disputed, Edgerton preferring to view it as the result of an incomplete
process of translation into Sanskrit of materials originally composed in
a vernacular, prakrit. This was not a formal attempt at translation but
a gradual process of influence reflecting the prestige of Sanskrit
proper in the broader community (Edgerton, sect. 1.34). BHS texts vary
in character, particularly in the degree to which they employ vernacular
grammatical forms. Later BHS texts are identified as such largely
through their vocabulary, their grammar being that of standard, if
simple, Sanskrit. In the eyes of traditionally trained paṇḍits and even
some Western scholars, BHS has appeared to be a highly incorrect, even
barbaric, language requiring correction. The work of defining BHS
continues, as texts are edited anew with greater sensitivity.
Canonical literature
Whereas for the mainstream Buddhist schools, the canon was defined in
terms of an exclusive tripiṭaka, both the Mahāyāna and VajrayĀna
traditions utilized a more flexible, inclusive concept of canon that
allowed, alongside the tripiṭaka, the incorporation of a large number of
texts claiming to be buddhavacana, (word of the Buddha). This is
indicated by their opening with the phrase evaṃ mayā śrutaṃ (”Thus have I
heard”), indicating that each text is understood to have been recited
by the Buddha’s disciple Ānanda at the First Council. Modern scholarship
situates these texts as new if anonymous compositions, the chronology
of which tracks the evolution of Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna, respectively.
The inclusiveness of later Indian Buddhism regarding canonicity also
means that it is difficult to know the precise total extent of the
literature. The Pāli canon by tradition has been fixed since the first
century b.c.e. and the exact content is well known, as revealed in the
fifth-century c.e. commentaries attributed to Buddhaghosa and others.
There is no comparable clarity for the Mahāyāna or Vajrayāna, and even
now there exists no comprehensive catalogue of works for either
tradition. The nearest we have are the ancient catalogues of scriptures
of the Chinese and Tibetan translated canons, none of which are
exhaustive. This situation makes it difficult to write with conclusive
authority on many aspects of this literature as a whole.
This
situation is further complicated in that the major portion of canonical
Buddhist literature in Sanskrit has been lost since the time of Muslim
depredations in northern India (eleventh through twelfth centuries c.e.)
and is now known only through ancient translations made into Tibetan,
Chinese, and other languages. The exceptions to this have come from two
sources: archaeological or antiquarian recovery of ancient manuscripts
or their active preservation through copying in Nepal. Notable among the
former are numerous manuscripts recovered from the oases of Central
Asia, the small library of about fifty texts found in Gilgit in the
1930s, Rāhula Sāṅkṛtyāyana’s photographs made in the 1930s in Tibet of
very early Sanskrit manuscripts originally transported there in the
medieval period to assist translation work, and the recovery in the
1990s of very early manuscripts from Afghanistan, such as those in the
collection of Martin Schøyen in Oslo (Braarvig). Typical of the latter
category from Nepal are numerous manuscripts of nine canonical texts
called the navadharma (the nine teachings), along with a wide range of
tantric ritual texts. The bulk of Buddhist Sanskrit literature known
today has been preserved in Nepal (Mitra).
Āgama collections. The
āgama collections are the functional equivalents of the nikayas of the
Pāli canon—thus there were long (dīrgha), middling (madhyama), thematic
(saṃyukta), incremental (ekottara), and miscellaneous (kṣudraka)
collections in Sanskrit. The āgama collections contain Sanskrit versions
of many of the texts found in the Pāli collections, and are understood
to have been the śrāvaka canon as utilized on the Indian subcontinent by
śrāvaka lineages other than that of the TheravĀda school. Overall the
āgamas contained a larger number of texts than the nikāyas and arranged
them in a different sequence. Unlike other Buddhist literature in
Sanskrit that has no śrāvaka parallels, this category offers enormous
potential for comparative study to differentiate the ideas and concerns
of the śrāvaka schools. Regrettably, the āgamas do not survive in their
entirety and are largely known through translations of them made into
Chinese (Lamotte, pp. 153 f.). Until recently the only exceptions to
this were individual sūtras—for example, the MahĀparinirvĀṆasŪtra
(Waldschmidt) and fragments recovered from long abandoned Buddhist sites
in Central Asia—but this has changed with the discovery in Afghanistan
in the late 1990s of an almost complete manuscript of the Dīrghāgama,
probably belonging to the Mūlasarvāstivāda school (Hartmann).
Vinaya and abhidharma. Although there were seven canonical abhidharma
texts in Sanskrit belonging to the Sarvāstivāda school, these are now
lost in their original language. The Sanskrit vinaya collections have
fared better, and two works in particular warrant mention. The first of
these is the MŪlasarvĀstivĀdavinaya, which has mostly survived in a
single manuscript discovered at Gilgit. This massive text is a
compilation of narratives and case law offering numerous insights into
the preoccupations and realia of monastic life in medieval India
(Panglung). With this we can compare the Mahāvastu, a wonderful
collection of narratives and lore built around a biography of the Buddha
that describes itself as belonging to the vinaya of the Lokottaravāda
branch of the MĀhĀsĀṂghika school (Jones). This too contains interesting
and important parallels to material found in the Pāli canon.
Mahāyāna. Mahāyāna sūtras form a diverse body of literature produced
between the first century b.c.e. and the fifth century c.e. The earliest
examples are thought to be the perfection of wisdom texts,
Aṣṭasāhasrikā-prajñāpāramitā and Ratnaguṇasaṃcaya-gāthā, in prose and
verse, respectively. These expound a critique of the abhidharma and the
teaching of the real existence of dharmas and promote the bodhisattva as
the ideal Buddhist. While many Mahāyāna sūtras are now only known in
Tibetan and Chinese translations, we are well endowed with manuscripts
of the navadharma, which includes the following sītras:
Saddharmapuṇḍarīka (Lotus Sūtra), Aṣṭasāhasrikā-prajñāparamitā,
LaṄkĀvatĀrasŪtra, Daśabhūmiśvara, Gaṇḍavyūha, Samādhirāja, and
SuvarṆaprabhĀsottamasŪtra; plus the Lalitavistara, a śrāvakayāna
biography of the Buddha that is built around guides to the main
pilgrimage sites of the Buddha’s life (Foucher), and the
Guhyasamāja-tantra, a Vajrayāna work. These texts and others express a
range of doctrinal views and a number of them were among those
considered authoritative and thus expounded by Mahāyāna doctrinal
traditions, such as the Madhyamaka school and the YogĀcĀra school.
Vajrayāna. From the middle of the first millennium c.e. until the
demise of institutional Buddhism in India in the twelfth century, there
began to appear Buddhist tantric works, written in Sanskrit, employing
instrumental magic and ritual to achieve specific goals. Retrospectively
these have been assigned to four classes: kriyā or “action” tantras;
caryā or “conduct” tantras, dominated by the Mahāvairocanābhisaṃbodhi
Tantra (Tantra on the Perfect Awakening of Mahā-Vairocana); yoga or
“meditation” tantras, dominated by the Sarvatathāgatatattvasamgraha
(Compendium on the Essence of all the Tathāgatas); and the anuttarayoga
or “supreme meditation” tantras, among which is included the Guhyasamaja
Tantra (Tantra on the Secret Assembly). The last tantra composed in
India before the final demise of institutional Buddhism there was the
eleventh-century Kālacakra Tantra, a major work seeking not just
soteriological goals but also offering a defense against contemporary
Muslim domination. Texts in the higher classes of tantra tend toward
asserting feminine representations of the ideal, employing antinomian
practices (e.g., consumption of forbidden substances, sexual
transgression of monastic rules and caste boundaries), and, although
written in relatively normal Sanskrit, employ a secret or allusive
vocabulary called sandhyabhāṣā, in which actual referents are disguised
by euphemisms and elaborate symbolism. A minor example of this appears
in the opening phrase of the Guhyasamāja Tantra, which forgoes the
familiar formula and asserts instead that the Buddha delivered the
tantra while residing in the “vagina of the Vajra Lady,” which is
understood to mean “while residing in the wisdom of enlightenment.”
Commentaries. This entire body of canonical material inspired
commentarial literature usually composed by known historical
individuals, although this too has fared badly and relatively little
survives in its original language. There is no definitive catalogue of
Sanskrit commentaries, but it has been estimated in relation to the
Tibetan canon that, of 120 commentaries translated into Tibetan, only
ninety remain current; allowing for duplications, these offer comment on
only thirty-four, or 10 percent, of the sūtras extant in the same canon
(Schoening). Commentaries vary widely in length, from single folios to
several volumes, and some sūtras have attracted much more attention than
others—the Heart SŪtra, a short Perfection of Wisdom text, having seven
commentaries. There are also subcommentaries on primary commentaries,
the Abhisamayālaṃkāra apparently inspiring something in excess of
twenty.
Noncanonical literature
Canonical materials alone do
not exhaust Buddhist literature in Sanskrit. In fact, the larger part of
the field is made up of noncanonical materials, which are even more
diverse than their canonical counterparts. In the following survey, the
subcategories employed are by no means exclusive, merging in some cases
with each other and with canonical materials.
Narrative.
Narrative is a, if not the, dominant genre of Buddhist literature, and
happily many examples have survived into the present day. The canonical
literature already reviewed is replete with narrative materials that
were redacted to form new compilations of pure narrative, such as the
AvadĀnaŚataka (One Hundred Stories of Edifying Deeds) and the
DivyĀvadĀna (Divine Stories of Edifying Deeds), the latter probably
redacted from the Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya. The Avadānaśataka
subsequently inspired further cycles of verse renderings of sets of its
stories, which were composed probably in the second half of the first
millennium c.e. These texts, clearly the result of a concerted attempt
to revise the entire Avadānaśataka by what was probably a tradition of
specialists in this kind of narrative literature, were termed mālā
(garlands), and typically employ a frame story involving a dialogue
between the emperor AŚoka and a monk named Upagupta (Strong).
Ritual texts. The Nepalese community has preserved a host of ritual
texts of a variety of kinds. Many of these are transmitted from Indian
originals and include compendia of meditation texts giving guidance on
the visualization and worship of buddhas, bodhisattvas, and various
tantric figures, such as the Sādhanamālā and Niṣpannayogāvalī. There are
also more miscellaneous collections covering a range of activities,
such as building monasteries (e.g., the Kriyāsaṃgraha).
Treatises. Often attracting attention before the more extensive
narrative and ritual materials, there are important treatises, śāstras,
compiled by known historical individuals in order to expound specific
doctrinal positions, sometimes doctrines voiced in sūtra sources. Among
these we should note the encyclopedic AbhidharmakoŚabhĀṢya (Treasury of
Higher Teaching) of Vasubandhu, which sets out a survey of Sarvāstivāda
doctrine, which it then critiques from a SautrĀntika viewpoint in an
autocommentary. Some treatises offer exegeses of the work of earlier
scholiasts; thus CandrakĪrti’s Prasannapadā is effectively a commentary
on NĀgĀrjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakākarikā (Foundational Verses on the Middle
Way), both being core textual authorities in the exegesis of Madhyamaka
doctrine. By contrast, Vasubandhu’s Viṃśatikā and Triṃśikā (Twenty
Verses and Thirty Verses) expound doctrine de novo. ŚĀntideva’s
BodhicaryĀvatĀra (Introduction to the Conduct of a Bodhisattva)
systematically outlines in evocative poetry the nature of a
bodhisattva’s practice and exemplifies the crossover into material that
we might otherwise classify as purely poetic (Crosby and Skilton).
Poetry and drama. Sometimes undeservedly attracting less attention are
splendid works of self-consciously high literary merit. These include
AŚvaghoṢa’s second-century c.e.Buddhacarita, a verse biography of the
Buddha, and Saundarananda, the earliest examples of Sanskrit kāvya (high
poetry) that have survived. Regrettably we have lost Aśvaghoṣa’s
dramas, which included an account of the conversions of ŚĀriputra and
MahĀmaudgalyĀyana, and they are known now only through manuscript
fragments from Central Asia. Similar to these are the prose and verse
kāvya JĀtakamĀlĀ of ĀryaŚŪra (fourth century c.e.), a retelling of
thirty-four jātaka stories in elegant court style. His Pāramitāsamāsa
(Compendium of the Perfections) is an important parallel to Śāntideva’s
Bodhicaryāvatāra (Meadows). Another important work is the Nāgananda of
Harṣa, a seventh-century king, a complete drama that retells the story
of the bodhisattva as Jīmutavāhana. This last is notable in that its
author was not a Buddhist, a distinction shared with the
Avadā-nakalpalatā, a cycle of 108 Buddhist stories retold in verse by
the eleventh-century Kashmiri poet Kṣemendra. All these examples are
characterized by the reworking of existing narratives from canonical
sources, but this crossover can also be seen in the elegant kāvya meters
sometimes employed in the composition of some canonical literature.
Numerous original compositions in verse survive mainly in translation.
Often concerned with praise, they are called stotra (hymns), chief among
which must be the works of Mātṛceta (second century c.e.), two of which
were memorized by all monks in India, according to the Chinese pilgrim
Yijing (635–713).
Nepalese Buddhist literature in Sanskrit. While
the composition of Buddhist literature died out in India after the
Muslim conquests of the twelfth century c.e., it continued in Nepal,
where cultural continuity was retained and in fact heavily augmented by
refugees from the Buddhist homelands in northeastern India. Of later
composition in Nepal are various pārājika texts, describing ritual means
whereby one might avoid the negative consequences of various kinds of
killing, and demonstrating a Hindu-Buddhist syncretism. Of greater
literary merit are seven large verse compositions that retell materials
familiar from Indic sources, such as the Avadānaśataka and Mahāvastu,
but which also borrow heavily from śāstra-type material, such as the
Bodhicaryāvatāra. These include the Svayambhū-purāṇa, Bhadrakalpāvadana,
Vicitrakarṇikāvadāna, and the Guṇakāraṇḍavyūha. These all reuse the
frame story of Upagupta and Aśoka, familiar from the Indian
avadānamālās, but supplement it with a further framing device involving
two monks, Jināśrī and Jayaśrī. These texts also incorporate values of
Nepalese Buddhism, while the Svayambhūpurāṇa goes so far as to localize
the Buddhist sacred landscape and mythology in Nepal.
See also:Āgama/Nikāya; Languages; Pāli, Buddhist Literature in
Bibliography
Braarvig, Jens; Harrison, Paul; Hartmann, Jens-Uwe; Kazunobu Matsuda;
and Sander, Lore; eds. Buddhist Manuscripts of the Schøyen Collection, 2
vols. Oslo: Hermes, 2000 and 2002.
Crosby, Henrietta Kate, and Skilton, Andrew, trans. The Bodhicaryāvatāra. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Edgerton, Franklin. Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1954.
Foucher, Alfred. La vie du Bouddha, d’après les textes et les monuments de l’Inde (1949). Paris: Maisonneuve, 1987.
Hartmann, Jens-Uwe. “Further Remarks on the New Manuscript of the
Dīrghāgama.” Journal of the International College for Advanced Buddhist
Studies 5 (2002): 98–117.
Hodge, Stephen, trans. The Mahā-Vairocana-Abhisambodhi Tantra: With Buddhaguhya’s Commentary. London: Routledge Curzon, 2003.
Jones, J. J., trans. The Mahāvastu, 3 vols. London: Luzac, 1949–1956.
Lamotte, Étienne. History of Indian Buddhism from the Origins to the
Śaka Era (1958), tr. Sara Webb-Boin. Louvain, Belgium: Peeters Press,
1988.
Meadows, Carol. Ārya-Śūra’s Compendium of the Perfections:
Text, Translation, and Analysis of the Pāramitāsamāsa. Bonn, Germany:
Indica et Tibetica Verlag, 1986.
Mitra, Rajendralal. The Sanskrit Buddhist Literature of Nepal (1882). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1981.
Panglung, Jampa L. Die Erzälstoffe des Mūlasarvāstivada-Vinaya
Analysiert auf grund der Tibetischen Übersetzung. Tokyo: Reiyukai
Library, 1981.
Schoening, Jeffrey D. “Sūtra Commentaries in
Tibetan Translation.” In Tibetan Literature: Studies in Genre, ed. José
I. Cabezón and Roger R. Jackson. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1996.
Skorupski, Tadeusz. Kriyasamgraha: Compendium of Buddhist Rituals. Tring, UK: Institute of Buddhist Studies, 2002.
Strong, John. “The Buddhist Avadānists and the Elder Upagupta.” Mélanges chinois et bouddhiques 22 (1985): 862–881.
Waldschmidt, Ernst. Das Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra, 3 vols. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1950–1951.
Wayman, Alex. Yoga of the Guhyasamājatantra: The Arcane Lore of Forty
Verses, a Buddhist Tantra Commentary. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1977.
Reprint, 1991.
Winternitz, Maurice. A History of Indian
Literature (1933), Vol. 2: Buddhist and Jain Literature, tr. V.
Srinivasa Sarma. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983. Reprint, 1999.
Andrew Skilton
डो नोत् बेलिएवे इन् अन्य्थिन्ग् सिम्प्ल्य् बेचौसे योउ हवे हेअर्द् इत्.
डो नोत् बेलिएवे इन् अन्य्थिन्ग् सिम्प्ल्य् बेचौसे इत् इस् स्पोकेन् अन्द्
रुमोरेद् ब्य् मन्य्. डो नोत् बेलिएवे इन् अन्य्थिन्ग् सिम्प्ल्य् बेचौसे
इत् इस् fओउन्द् wरित्तेन् इन् योउर् रेलिगिओउस् बोओक्स्. डो नोत् बेलिएवे
इन् अन्य्थिन्ग् मेरेल्य् ओन् थे औथोरित्य् ओf योउर् तेअच्हेर्स् अन्द्
एल्देर्स्. डो नोत् बेलिएवे इन् त्रदितिओन्स् बेचौसे थेय् हवे बेएन्
हन्देद् दोwन् fओर् मन्य् गेनेरतिओन्स्. Bउत् अfतेर् ओब्सेर्वतिओन् अन्द्
अनल्य्सिस्, wहेन् योउ fइन्द् थत् अन्य्थिन्ग् अग्रेएस् wइथ् रेअसोन् अन्द्
इस् चोन्दुचिवे तो थे गोओद् अन्द् बेनेfइत् ओf ओने अन्द् अल्ल्, थेन्
अच्चेप्त् इत् अन्द् लिवे उप् तो इत्.
ञुस्त् अस् त्रेअसुरेस्
अरे उन्चोवेरेद् fरोम् थे एअर्थ्, सो विर्तुए अप्पेअर्स् fरोम् गोओद्
देएद्स्, अन्द् wइस्दोम् अप्पेअर्स् fरोम् अ पुरे अन्द् पेअचेfउल् मिन्द्.
टो wअल्क् सfएल्य् थ्रोउघ् थे मशे ओf हुमन् लिfए, ओने नेएद्स् थे लिघ्त् ओf
wइस्दोम् अन्द् थे गुइदन्चे ओf विर्तुए.
ठे wइसे ओनेस् fअस्हिओनेद् स्पेएच्ह् wइथ् थेइर् थोउघ्त्, सिfतिन्ग् इत् अस् ग्रैन् इस् सिfतेद् थ्रोउघ् अ सिएवे.
ठे विर्तुएस्, लिके थे ंउसेस्, अरे अल्wअय्स् सेएन् इन् ग्रोउप्स्. आ
गोओद् प्रिन्चिप्ले wअस् नेवेर् fओउन्द् सोलितर्य् इन् अन्य् ब्रेअस्त्.
Qउओतेस् Bय् Bउद्ध Oन् Kअम्म आन्द् णिब्बन
षोमेओने wहो हस् सेत् ओउत् इन् थे वेहिच्ले ओf अ Bओधिसत्त्व स्होउल्द्
देचिदे थत् ‘ई मुस्त् लेअद् अल्ल् थे बेइन्ग्स् तो निर्वन, इन्तो थत्
रेअल्म् ओf निर्वन wहिच्ह् लेअवेस् नोथिन्ग् बेहिन्द्’. Wहत् इस् थिस्
रेअल्म् ओf निर्वन wहिच्ह् लेअवेस् नोथिन्ग् बेहिन्द् ?
Qउओतेस् Bय् Bउद्ध Oन् छ्हन्गे, Fऐलुरे आन्द् षुffएरिन्ग्
णोथिन्ग् इस् fओरेवेर् एxचेप्त् च्हन्गे. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
ठेरे इस् नो fइरे लिके पस्सिओन्, थेरे इस् नो स्हर्क् लिके हत्रेद्,
थेरे इस् नो स्नरे लिके fओल्ल्य्, थेरे इस् नो तोर्रेन्त् लिके ग्रेएद्.
Bओथ् fओर्मेर्ल्य् अन्द् नोw, इत् इस् ओन्ल्य् सुffएरिन्ग् थत् ई देस्च्रिबे, अन्द् थे चेस्सतिओन् ओf सुffएरिन्ग्.
ःए wहो चन् चुर्ब् हिस् wरथ् अस् सोओन् अस् इत् अरिसेस्, अस् अ
तिमेल्य् अन्तिदोते wइल्ल् च्हेच्क् स्नके’स् वेनोम् थत् सो qउइच्क्ल्य्
स्प्रेअद्स्, — सुच्ह् अ मोन्क् गिवेस् उप् थे हेरे अन्द् थे बेयोन्द्,
जुस्त् अस् अ सेर्पेन्त् स्हेद्स् इत्स् wओर्न्-ओउत् स्किन्.
ंअय् अल्ल् थत् हवे लिfए बे देलिवेरेद् fरोम् सुffएरिन्ग्.
ईत् इस् एअस्य् तो सेए थे fऔल्त्स् ओf ओथेर्स्, बुत् दिffइचुल्त् तो
सेए ओने’स् ओwन् fऔल्त्स्. Oने स्होwस् थे fऔल्त्स् ओf ओथेर्स् लिके च्हff
wइन्नोwएद् इन् थे wइन्द्, बुत् ओने चोन्चेअल्स् ओने’स् ओwन् fऔल्त्स् अस् अ
चुन्निन्ग् गम्ब्लेर् चोन्चेअल्स् हिस् दिचे.
Bउद्ध Qउओतेस् Oन् Fएअर्
ठोसे अत्तच्हेद् तो थे नोतिओन् ‘ई अम्’ अन्द् तो विएwस् रोअम् थे wओर्ल्द् ओffएन्दिन्ग् पेओप्ले. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
ठेरे इस् नोथिन्ग् मोरे द्रेअद्fउल् थन् थे हबित् ओf दोउब्त्. डोउब्त्
सेपरतेस् पेओप्ले. ईत् इस् अ पोइसोन् थत् दिसिन्तेग्रतेस्
fरिएन्द्स्हिप्स् अन्द् ब्रेअक्स् उप् प्लेअसन्त् रेलतिओन्स्. ईत् इस् अ
थोर्न् थत् इर्रिततेस् अन्द् हुर्त्स्; इत् इस् अ स्wओर्द् थत् किल्ल्स्.
ंएन्, द्रिवेन् ओन् ब्य् थिर्स्त्, रुन् अबोउत् लिके अ स्नरेद् हरे;
लेत् थेरेfओरे मेन्दिचन्त् द्रिवे ओउत् थिर्स्त्, ब्य् स्त्रिविन्ग् अfतेर्
पस्सिओन्लेस्स्नेस्स् fओर् हिम्सेल्f.
Wहेन् ओने हस् थे
fएएलिन्ग् ओf दिस्लिके fओर् एविल्, wहेन् ओने fएएल्स् त्रन्qउइल्, ओने
fइन्द्स् प्लेअसुरे इन् लिस्तेनिन्ग् तो गोओद् तेअच्हिन्ग्स्; wहेन् ओने
हस् थेसे fएएलिन्ग्स् अन्द् अप्प्रेचिअतेस् थेम्, ओने इस् fरेए ओf fएअर्.
ठे इन्स्तन्त् wए fएएल् अन्गेर् wए हवे अल्रेअद्य् चेअसेद्
स्त्रिविन्ग् fओर् थे त्रुथ्, अन्द् हवे बेगुन् स्त्रिविन्ग् fओर्
ओउर्सेल्वेस्.
Bउद्ध Qउओतेस् Oन् आन्गेर् आन्द् ञेअलोउस्य्
ङो तो तब्ले ओf चोन्तेन्त्स्
Yओउ wइल्ल् नोत् बे पुनिस्हेद् fओर् योउर् अन्गेर्, योउ wइल्ल् बे पुनिस्हेद् ब्य् योउर् अन्गेर्. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
Wएअर् योउर् एगो लिके अ लोओसे fइत्तिन्ग् गर्मेन्त्.
षोमे दो नोत् उन्देर्स्तन्द् थत् wए मुस्त् दिए, बुत् थोसे wहो दो रेअलिशे थिस् सेत्त्ले थेइर् qउअर्रेल्स्.
ःअत्रेद् इस् नेवेर् अप्पेअसेद् ब्य् हत्रेद् इन् थिस् wओर्ल्द्. Bय्
नोन्-हत्रेद् अलोने इस् हत्रेद् अप्पेअसेद्. ठिस् इस् अ लw एतेर्नल्.
आल्ल् त्रेम्ब्ले अत् विओलेन्चे; अल्ल् fएअर् देअथ्. Pउत्तिन्ग्
ओनेसेल्f इन् थे प्लचे ओf अनोथेर्, ओने स्होउल्द् नोत् किल्ल् नोर् चौसे
अनोथेर् तो किल्ल्.
ई दो नोत् दिस्पुते wइथ् थे wओर्ल्द्; रथेर् इत् इस् थे wओर्ल्द् थत् दिस्पुतेस् wइथ् मे.
ठेय् ब्लमे थोसे wहो रेमैन् सिलेन्त्, थेय् ब्लमे थोसे wहो स्पेअक्
मुच्ह्, थेय् ब्लमे थोसे wहो स्पेअक् इन् मोदेरतिओन्. ठेरे इस् नोने इन् थे
wओर्ल्द् wहो इस् नोत् ब्लमेद्.
ठोसे wहो च्लिन्ग् तो पेर्चेप्तिओन्स् अन्द् विएwस् wअन्देर् थे wओर्ल्द् ओffएन्दिन्ग् पेओप्ले.
Wहोएवेर् दोएस्न्’त् fलरे उप् अत् सोमेओने wहो’स् अन्ग्र्य् wइन्स् अ बत्त्ले हर्द् तो wइन्.
आन्गेर् wइल्ल् नेवेर् दिसप्पेअर् सो लोन्ग् अस् थोउघ्त्स् ओf
रेसेन्त्मेन्त् अरे च्हेरिस्हेद् इन् थे मिन्द्. आन्गेर् wइल्ल् दिसप्पेअर्
जुस्त् अस् सोओन् अस् थोउघ्त्स् ओf रेसेन्त्मेन्त् अरे fओर्गोत्तेन्.
डो नोत् ओवेर्रते wहत् योउ हवे रेचेइवेद्, नोर् एन्व्य् ओथेर्स्. ःए wहो एन्विएस् ओथेर्स् दोएस् नोत् ओब्तैन् पेअचे ओf मिन्द्.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_Buddhist_literature
Sanskrit Buddhist literature
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Sanskrit Buddhist literature refers to Buddhist texts composed either
in classical Sanskrit, in a register that has been called “Buddhist
Hybrid Sanskrit” (BHS), or a mixture of the two. Several non-Mahāyāna
Nikāyas appear to have kept their canons in Sanskrit, most prominent
among which was the Sarvāstivāda. The Mahāyāna Sūtras are also in
Sanskrit, with less classical registers prevalent in the gāthā portions.
Buddhist Tantras too are written in Sanskrit, sometimes interspersed
with Apabhramśa, and often containing notable irregularities in grammar
and meter (traditionally ascribed to the esoteric nature of the
texts).[citation needed]
Besides texts considered “Word of the
Buddha” (Buddhavacana) by the traditions that transmitted them, Buddhist
authors have composed treatises and literary works in Sanskrit dealing
with Buddhist philosophy, logic, etc., but also with more worldly topics
such as gemology, erotics, literary aesthetics, etc.[citation needed]
Sanskrit Buddhist literature is therefore vast and varied, despite the
loss of a significant amount of texts. A large number of works survive
only in Tibetan and Chinese translations.[1]
ईन् सेपरतेनेस्स् लिएस् थे wओर्ल्द्’स् ग्रेअतेस्त् मिसेर्य्; इन् चोम्पस्सिओन् लिएस् थे wओर्ल्द्’स् त्रुए स्त्रेन्ग्थ्.
Bए अ लम्प् fओर् योउर्सेल्वेस्. Bए योउर् ओwन् रेfउगे. षेएक् fओर् नो
ओथेर्. आल्ल् थिन्ग्स् मुस्त् पस्स्. ष्त्रिवे ओन् दिलिगेन्त्ल्य्. डोन्’त्
गिवे उप्.
Bएत्तेर् इत् इस् तो लिवे ओने दय् सेएइन्ग् थे रिसे
अन्द् fअल्ल् ओf थिन्ग्स् थन् तो लिवे अ हुन्द्रेद् येअर्स् wइथोउत् एवेर्
सेएइन्ग् थे रिसे अन्द् fअल्ल् ओf थिन्ग्स्.
ईf योउ दो नोत् च्हन्गे दिरेच्तिओन्, योउ मय् एन्द् उप् wहेरे योउ अरे हेअदिन्ग्.
ंओरे पतिएन्चे qउओतेस्, स्त्रेन्ग्थ् qउओतेस्
Bउद्ध Qउओतेस् Oन् ःएअल्थ्
ःएअल्थ् इस् थे ग्रेअतेस्त् गिfत्, चोन्तेन्त्मेन्त् थे ग्रेअतेस्त् wएअल्थ्, fऐथ्fउल्नेस्स् थे बेस्त् रेलतिओन्स्हिप्. Bउद्ध
टो केएप् थे बोद्य् इन् गोओद् हेअल्थ् इस् अ दुत्य्… ओथेर्wइसे wए
स्हल्ल् नोत् बे अब्ले तो केएप् ओउर् मिन्द् स्त्रोन्ग् अन्द् च्लेअर्.
“पेअ
Wइथोउत् हेअल्थ् लिfए इस् नोत् लिfए; इत् इस् ओन्ल्य् अ स्तते ओf लन्गोउर् अन्द् सुffएरिन्ग् – अन् इमगे ओf देअथ्.
ठे सेच्रेत् ओf हेअल्थ् fओर् बोथ् मिन्द् अन्द् बोद्य् इस् नोत् तो
मोउर्न् fओर् थे पस्त्, नोत् तो wओर्र्य् अबोउत् थे fउतुरे, नोत् तो
अन्तिचिपते थे fउतुरे, बुत् तो लिवे थे प्रेसेन्त् मोमेन्त् wइसेल्य् अन्द्
एअर्नेस्त्ल्य्.
Bउद्ध Qउओतेस् Oन् ट्रुथ्
ठोसे wहो हवे fऐलेद् तो wओर्क् तोwअर्द् थे त्रुथ् हवे मिस्सेद् थे पुर्पोसे ओf लिविन्ग्. छ्लिच्क् तो त्wएएत्
टेअच्ह् थिस् त्रिप्ले त्रुथ् तो अल्लः आ गेनेरोउस् हेअर्त्, किन्द्
स्पेएच्ह्, अन्द् अ लिfए ओf सेर्विचे अन्द् चोम्पस्सिओन् अरे थे थिन्ग्स्
wहिच्ह् रेनेw हुमनित्य्.
ठेरे अरे त्wओ मिस्तकेस् ओने चन् मके अलोन्ग् थे रोअद् तो त्रुथ्…नोत् गोइन्ग् अल्ल् थे wअय्, अन्द् नोत् स्तर्तिन्ग्.
ठे चल्मेद् सय् थत् wहत् इस् wएल्ल्-स्पोकेन् इस् बेस्त्; सेचोन्द्,
थत् ओने स्होउल्द् सय् wहत् इस् रिघ्त्, नोत् उन्रिघ्तेओउस्; थिर्द्,
wहत्’स् प्लेअसिन्ग्, नोत् दिस्प्लेअसिन्ग्; fओउर्थ्, wहत् इस् त्रुए, नोत्
fअल्से.
छोन्qउएर् थे अन्ग्र्य् ओने ब्य् नोत् गेत्तिन्ग्
अन्ग्र्य्; चोन्qउएर् थे wइच्केद् ब्य् गोओद्नेस्स्; चोन्qउएर् थे
स्तिन्ग्य् ब्य् गेनेरोसित्य्, अन्द् थे लिअर् ब्य् स्पेअकिन्ग् थे त्रुथ्.
ठ्रेए थिन्ग्स् चन्नोत् बे लोन्ग् हिद्देनः थे सुन्, थे मोओन्, अन्द् थे त्रुथ्.