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The various causes that led to alternative religions are:-
1. Kshatriya class’ resentment towards the domination of the priestly class (Brahmanas) -
The order of hierarchy in the Varna system was-Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras.
The
Kshatriyas who were ranked second strongly objected to the ritualistic
domination of the Brahmanas and the various privileges enjoyed by them.
It should also be noted that both Buddha and Mahavira belonged to the
Kshatriya varna. It is important to mention that the Buddhist Pali texts
at many places reject the Brahmanical claim to superiority and places
itself (Kshatriyas) higher than the Brahmanas.
2. Rise of the new agricultural economy that needed animal husbandry-
In
the sixth century BCE, there was a shift of the centre of economic and
political activity from Haryana and western U.P to eastern U.P and Bihar
where the land was more fertile due to abundant rainfall. It became
easier to utilize the iron reservoir of Bihar and its adjoining areas.
People started using more and more iron tools like ploughshare for
agricultural purposes. The use of iron ploughshare required the use of
bullocks, which meant that the age-old custom in the Vedic age of
killing animals as sacrifices would have to be abandoned for this
agricultural economy to stabilize. Furthermore, the flourishing of
animal husbandry became imminent to raise a potential animal population
to take up the work that was required to uphold the agricultural sector
development. Both Buddhism and Jainism were against any kind of
sacrifices, so the peasant class welcomed it.
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Free Online Agricultural University for Awakened Ashoka Fruits & Vegetables Growers Party.
Free Birds mindful meditative swimming to overcome hunger illness.
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Broccoli capsicum cucumber carrot bean vegetables & fruit plants
& trees all over the world & be happy & proud like an
elephant like what Sujata who fed hungry Buddha, Manimegali who fed the
poor with her Amudha Surabhi, Ashoka the Great who planted Fruit Bearing
trees all over his empire. Maha Mayawati said she will bring back
Ashokan rule by changing the face of the universe first.
3. The Vaishyas and other mercantile groups favoured Buddhism and Jainism as they yearned for a better social and peaceful life-
The agricultural boom led to the increased production of food which
also helped in the development of trade, craft production and urban
centres. The discovery of thousands of silver and copper Punch-Marked
Coins (PMC) by the numismatists reflects the development of trade in
this era. This period is known as the era of second urbanisation. As
many as sixty towns and cities like Rajagriha, Shravasti, Varanasi,
Vaishali and Champa developed between 600 and 300 BCE. The Vaishyas and
other mercantile groups rose to a better economic position and preferred
to patronise non-Vedic religions like Buddhism and Jainism through
substantial donations. As both Buddhism and Jainism promoted peace and
non-violence, this could put an end to wars between different kingdoms
and consequently promote further trade and commerce, which was
beneficial for this economic class.
4. Acceptance of simple and peace centred principles of Buddhism and Jainism by people-
The
common masses welcomed the new religions as they preached peace and
social equality,simple and ascetic living. People wanted relief from the
growing social problems and yearned to live a peaceful and uncorrupt
life.
The early Buddhist literature is divided into canonical and non-canonical texts:
1.
Canonical texts: are believed to be the actual words of the Buddha.
Canonical texts are books which lay down the basic tenets and principles
of Buddhism such as the Tipitakas.
2.
Non-canonical texts or semi-canonical texts: these are commentaries and
observations on canonical texts, quotes, definitions, historical
information, grammars and other writings in Pali, Tibetian, Chinese and
other East Asian languages. Some important ones are:
a. Mahavastu (written in Sanskrit-Prakrit mixed) - it is about the sacred biography, i.e hagiography of the Buddha.
b. Nidanakatha - first connected life story of Buddha.
c. The Dipavamsa & the Mahavamsa (both in Pali) - both give historical and mythical accounts of
the Buddha’s life, Buddhist Councils, Asoka and the arrival of Buddhism to Sri Lanka.
d. Visuddhimagga (the path to purification written by Buddhaghosa) - deals with the development
from the purity of discipline to enlightenment (Nibbana).
e. Milindapanho (in Pali) - consists of a dialogue between the Indo-Greek king Milinda/Menander
and the monk Nagasena on various philosophical issues.
f. Nettipakarana (The book of guidance) - which gives a connected account of the Buddha’s
teachings.
The Tipitakas (Canonical Texts)
The
earliest compilation of Buddhist teachings which were written on long,
narrow leaves is “The Tipitakas” (in Pali) and “Tripitaka” (in
Sanskrit). All the branches of Buddhism have the Tripitakas (also called
three baskets/collections) as part of their core scriptures, which
comprise three books -
• The Sutta (conventional teaching)
• The Vinaya (disciplinary code)
• The Abhidhamma (moral psychology)
1.
The Sutta Pitaka (Basket of Discourses) - these texts are also known as
Buddha Vacana or the word of the Buddha. It contains Buddha’s discourse
on various doctrinal issues in dialogue form.
2.
The Vinaya Pitaka (Discipline Basket) - this contains rules for monks
and nuns of the monastic order (Sangha). It includes the Patimokka - a
list of transgressions against monastic discipline and atonements for
these. The Vinaya text also includes doctrinal expositions, ritual
texts, biographical stories and some elements of Jatakas or “birth
stories”.
3. The
Abhidhamma Pitaka (Basket of Higher Teachings) - this contains a
thorough study and systematisation of the teachings of the Sutta Pitaka
through summaries, questions and answers, lists, etc.
The Tipitakas are divided into Nikayas (books):
2. Majjhima Nikaya
3. Samyutta Nikaya
4. Anguttara Nikaya
5. Khuddaka Nikaya
1. Further subdivided into 15 books
1. Maha-Vibhanga
2. Bhikkuni-Vibhanga 2. Khandaka
1. Mahavagga
2. Cullavagga 3. Parivara
sangani
2. Vibhanga
3. Dhatu-katha
4. Puggala-pannati
5. Kayha-vatthu
6. Yamaka
7. Patthana
The Buddha - Biography
Hagiography
The
Gautama Buddha was born to Suddhodana (chief of republican Sakya clan)
as Siddhartha in 563 BCE on Vaishakha Poornima day at Lumbini (Nepal).
He lost his mother (Mahamaya) just a few days after his birth and was
brought up by his stepmother Gautami. There were 32 birthmarks on his
body and Brahmanas predicted that either he would be a world conqueror
or a world renouncer. He lived a life of luxury and comfort in his early
years.
• He was married
to Yashodhara at the early age of 16 and had a son named Rahula. At the
age of 29, he left his palace and decided to become a wanderer. He
along with Channa, his charioteer and his horse, Kanthaka, wandered for
six long years in search of truth (Mahabhinishkramana/Great
Renunciation).
• He
first meditated with Alara Kalama and then Uddaka Ramaputta. They were
considered to be the established teachers of that era but he was not
convinced with their teachings that liberation from sorrow can be
obtained by mental discipline and knowledge only.
•
The Buddha later joined five wandering ascetics - Assaji, Mahanama,
Vappa, Bhaddiya and Kondanna. He practised severe austerities until his
body was almost emaciated and realising that austerities could not lead
to realisation, he left them. He then moved towards the village of
Senani and took a seat under a peepal tree facing east. He then resolved
not to rise until enlightenment was achieved.
•
As Gautama sat in deep meditation - Mara, the Lord of illusions,
recognising that his power was about to be broken, tried to distract
him. The Buddha touched the earth, calling it to bear witness to the
countless lifetimes of virtue that had led him to this place of
enlightenment. The earth shook, on hearing the truth of Gautama’s words.
Mara then unleashed his army of demons. In the epic battle that ensued,
Gautama’s wisdom broke through the illusions and the power of his
compassion transformed the demon’s weapons into flowers. Mara and his
army fled in disarray. Thus, at the age of 35, he ultimately attained
Nirvana/enlightenment at Gaya, Magadha (Bihar) under a peepal tree
(Bodhi tree), on the banks of river Niranjana and came to be known as
the Buddha - the Enlightened One. It is believed that Ashoka’s queen was
envious of the Bodhi tree, and tried to kill it but it grew again. The
tree was cut down many times, but it grew again at the same place and is
still revered by Buddhists.
•
The Buddha delivered his first sermon on deliverance from sufferings to
his five former companions at Sarnath. This event is known as Dhamma
Chakka-Pavattana, which means turning the wheel of dharma. The Buddha
wandered about for over four decades, and established an order of monks
and nuns known as Sangha. He attained Parinirvana at the age of 80 at
Kusinara (of the Mallas). His last words were “All composite things
decay, strive diligently”.
• The five forms that represent Buddha are:
o Lotus and Bull - Birth
o Horse - Renunciationo Bodhi Tree - Mahabodhi
o Dhammachakra Pravartana - First sermon o Footprints - Nirvana
Doctrines of Buddhism
The
core of Buddha’s doctrine is expressed in the Ariya-Sacchani (four
noble truths), Ashtangika-Marga (Eight Fold Path), Middle Path, Social
Code of Conduct, and Attainment of Nibbana/Nirvana.
Buddha
urges that one should not cling to anything (including his teachings).
The teachings are only Upaya (skillful means or expedient tools) and are
not dogma. It is fingers pointing at the moon and one should not
confuse the finger for the moon.
The three pillars of his teachings are:
• Buddha - Founder/Teacher
• Dhamma - Teachings
• Sangha - Order of Buddhist Monks and Nuns (Upasakas)
The four noble truths form the core of the teachings of Buddhism, which are:
1.
Dukha (The truth of suffering) - As per Buddhism, everything is
suffering (Sabbam Dukham). It refers to the potential to experience pain
and not only the actual pain and sorrow experienced by an individual.
2. Samudaya (The truth of the cause of suffering) - Trishna (desire) is the main cause of suffering. Every
suffering has a reason and it is a part and parcel of living.
3. Nirodha (The truth of the end of suffering) - the pain/sorrow can be ended by the attainment of
Nibbana/Nirvana.
4. Ashtangika-Marga (The truth of the path leading to the end of suffering) - the end to the suffering is
contained in the eightfold path.
Eight-Fold Paths
The
Eight-Fold Path is more about unlearning rather than learning, i.e., to
learn in order to unlearn and uncover. The path consists of eight
interconnected activities and is a process that helps one to move beyond
the conditioned responses that obscure one’s nature. The
Ashtangika-Marga consists of the following:
1. Right Vision (Samma-Ditthi) - it is about understanding the nature of reality and the path of transformation.
2. Right Thought or Attitude (Samma-Sankappa) - it signifies having emotional intelligence and acting from love and compassion.
3. Right or Whole Speech (Samma-Vacca) - it signifies truthful, clear, uplifting and unharmful communications.
4.
Right or Integral Action (Samma-Kammanta) - it signifies an ethical
foundation of life, on the principles of non-exploitation of oneself and
others. It consists of five rules, which form the ethical code of
conduct for the members of the monastic order and the laity. These are:
• Do not commit violence.Do not covet the property of others.
• Do not indulge in corrupt practices or sensual behaviour.
• Do not speak a lie.
• Do not use intoxicants.
In addition to these, monks and nuns were strictly instructed to observe the following three additional precepts-
• To avoid eating after mid-day.
• To refrain from any sort of entertainment and use of ornaments to adorn oneself.
• To refrain from using high or luxurious beds, and from handling gold and silver (including money).
5.
Right or Proper Livelihood (Samma-Ajiva) - it lays emphasis on
livelihood based on correct action and on the ethical principles of
non-exploitation. It is believed that this forms the basis of an ideal
society.
6. Right Effort
or Energy (Samma-Vayama) - it signifies consciously directing our life
energy to the transformative path of creative and healing action that
fosters wholeness thus moving towards conscious evolution.
7.
Right Mindfulness or Thorough Awareness ( Samma-Sati) - it means
knowing one’s own self and watching self behaviour. There is a saying by
the Buddha, “If you hold yourself dear, watch yourself well”.
8.
Right Concentration or Meditation (Samma-Samadhi) - samadhi literally
means to be fixed, absorbed in. It means getting one’s whole being
absorbed in various levels or modes of consciousness and awareness.
The
teachings of the Buddha follow the middle path (the one between extreme
indulgence and extreme asceticism). Buddha has emphasised that if a
person follows the eightfold path, then he will reach his destination
(Nirvana) without the involvement of the monks/nuns. In the
above-eightfold path, the word “right” signifies “whole”,” integral”,
“complete”, “perfect”.
The
ultimate aim of the Buddha’s teachings is the attainment of
Nibbana/Nirvana. The Nibbana is a Pali word formed of ‘Ni’ and ‘vanna’,
ni means negative and vanna refers to lust or craving. So, Nirvana means
departure from cravings and lust. It signifies dying out or extinction
of desire, greed, hatred, ignorance, attachment and the sense of ego. In
Nibbana, nothing is eternalised nor is anything annihilated, other than
the suffering. It is a supramundane state and an attainment (Dhamma)
which is within the reach of all, even in this present life. The main
difference between the Buddhist conception of Nibbana and the
non-Buddhist concept is that Nibbana can be attained during life also.
In the non- Buddhist concept, eternal heaven is realised only after
death or union with God. When Nibbana is achieved in this life, it is
called Sopadisesa Nibbana-dhatu. When an Arhat attains parinibbana (used
for the death of enlightened beings such as Buddha), after the
dissolution of his body, it is called Anupadisesa Nibbana-dhatu.
The
philosophy of Buddha accepts impermanence and transmigration but denies
the existence of God and believes that the soul is a myth. Buddhism
teaches the existence of ten realms of being and one can be born as any
one of them. At the top is Buddha followed by Bodhisattva (an
enlightened being destined to be a Buddha but purposely remains on earth
to propagate teachings), Pratyeka Buddha (a Buddha on their own),
Sravaka (disciple of Buddha), heavenly beings (superhumans, angels),
human beings, Asura (fighting spirits), beasts, Preta (hungry ghosts)
and depraved men (hellish beings). These ten realms of existence are
“mutually immanent and mutually inclusive”, each one having in it the
remaining nine realms, e.g., the realm of human beings has all other
nine states - from hell to Buddhahood in it. A man can be selfish or can
rise to the enlightened state of Buddha. In Buddhism, karma is the
result of actions depending on the intentions more than the action
itself. Rebirth is the result of the karma of the previous life. Though
Buddhism lays emphasis on non-violence, it doesn’t forbid masses from
eating meat.
Other Important Aspects of Buddhism
Some other important aspects of Buddhism include:
• The Five Aggregates (Pancha-khanda or Panch skandha).
• The Law of Dependent Origination (Paticca- samuppada).
The Five Aggregates
The
Buddha believed that a human being is a collection of Five Aggregates
and a proper understanding of these is an essential step towards the
attainment of freedom from suffering:
1.
Material Form (Rupa) - It includes the five physical organs (ear, eye,
tongue, nose & body) and the corresponding objects of the sense
organs (sound, sight, taste, smell and tangible objects).
2.
Feeling or Sensation (Vedana) - The aggregate of feelings arising out
of contact with the objects of the senses is of three kinds-pleasant,
unpleasant and indifferent.
3.
Perception (Sanna) - This aggregate is the capacity to recognise &
conceptualize things by associating them with other things.
4.
Mental formation (Santharas) - This aggregate may be described as a
conditioned response to the object of experience. In this sense, it
partakes the meaning of habit as well. However, it not only has a static
value, but dynamic value as well.
5.
Consciousness (Vinnana) - The aggregate of consciousness is an
indispensable element in the prediction of experience. It is essential
to understand that consciousness depends on the other aggregates and
does not exist independently.
All
the Five Aggregates of experience are impermanent and constantly
changing, like our perceptions change over time. Buddha stresses that
the utility of the five aggregates is to make people understand them in
terms of impersonal processes and through this understanding, they can
get rid of the idea of self and can overcome hope and fear. They can
regard happiness and pain, praise and blame and everything with
equanimity, with even-mindedness and thus will then no longer be subject
to the imbalance of alternating between hope and fear.
The Law of Dependent Origination (Paticca- Samuppada)
The
Law of Dependent Origination explains the reason of suffering (Dukkha),
as well as the key to its liberation. The law is associated with twelve
links (Nidanas)-all arranged in a wheel and one leading to the next.
This principle can be given in a short formula of four lines-
When this is, that is This arising, that arises When this is not, that is not
This ceasing, that ceases.
This
law emphasizes an important principle that all phenomena in this
universe are relative, conditioned states and do not arise independently
of supportive conditions.
The twelve links of the Dependent Origination are:
1. Ignorance (Avija)
2. Mental formation (Sankhara)
3. Consciousness (Vinnana)
4. Name & Form (Nama-Rupa)
5. The six senses (Salayatana)
6. Contact (Phassa)
7. Feeling (Vedana)
8. Craving (Tanha)
9. Clinging (Upadana)
10. Becoming (Bhava)
11. Birth (Jati)
12. Aging & death (Jara-marana)
All the links are interrelated and dependent on each other, thus there is no starting point nor end point-a cyclic phenomenon.
Dividing the 12 links into three groups-
1. Defilement (Klesha)- ignorance, craving and clinging. Defilement is the impurities of mind resulting in actions.
2. Action (Karma)- mental formation and becoming.
3. Suffering (Dukkha)- consciousness, name & form, the six senses, feeling, birth, aging and death.
Together,
the defilements and actions explain the origin of suffering and
particular circumstances in which each one of us finds ourselves, or in
which we are born. The Buddha emphasizes that he who sees Dependent
Origination sees the Dharma and he who sees the Dharma sees the Buddha.
If one can see and understand the functioning of dependent origination,
he can then set about breaking this vicious circle of dependent
origination by removing the impurities of the mind - ignorance, craving
and clinging. Once these impurities are eliminated, actions will not be
performed, and habit-energy will not be produced. Once actions cease,
rebirth and suffering will also cease.
Reasons for Spread & Popularity of Buddhism
Buddhism
gained wide acceptance and popularity and spread like a wildfire
throughout India. With the support of emperor Ashoka, it spread its
wings to central Asia, west Asia and Sri Lanka. Various causes for the
rise and spread of Buddhism are:1. Liberal & democratic - Unlike
Brahmanism, it was far more liberal & democratic. It won the hearts
of the lower class as it attacked the varna system. It welcomed people
of all castes and even women were admitted to the Sangha. The people of
Magadha readily accepted Buddhism as they were looked down upon by the
orthodox Brahmanas.
2.
Simple language - The Buddha spread his message in the simple language
of the masses. The Pali language which Buddha used was the spoken
language of the masses. The Vedic religion was understood only with the
help of Sanskrit language which was the monopoly of the Brahmins.
3.
The personality of the Buddha - The personality of the Buddha endeared
him and his religion to the masses. He was kind and ego-less. His calm
composure, sweet words of simple philosophy and his life of renunciation
drew the masses to him. He had ready moral solutions for the problems
of the people.
4. Royal
patronage - Royal patronage of Buddhism also accounted for its rapid
rise. Kings like Prasenjit, Bimbisara, Ashoka, Kanishka patronised
Buddhism and helped its spread throughout India and outside as well.
Ashoka deputed his children to Sri Lanka for the spread of Buddhism.
5.
Inexpensive- Buddhism was inexpensive, without the expensive rituals
that characterised the Vedic religion. It advocated a spiritual path
without any material obligation of satisfying gods and Brahmins through
gifts and rituals.
Buddhism
tried to mitigate the evils resulting from the new material life of the
sixth century BCE. Since the Buddhists had a keen awareness of the
problems (social & economic disparities), they
presented
innovative solutions to these concerns. Buddhism asked people NOT to
accumulate wealth, indulge in cruelty or violence - ideas that were
welcomed by the people.
Important Terms in Buddhism
Key Terms
Meaning
Pavarana
A Buddhist holy day celebrated on the full moon (Aashvin) of the lunar month, at the end of the rainy season (Vassa)
Upasakas
Male followers of Buddhism
Upasikas
Female followers of Buddhism
Pavrajya
“Going forth” from home, the determination to renounce the world and undertake an ascetic path
Chaityas
Prayer hall of monks
Viharas
Monasteries
Parajika
It
includes four serious offences which result in expulsion from Sangha -
sexual intercourse, taking what is not given, killing someone and making
false claims of spiritual realisation
Upasampada
Ordination ceremony when the novice becomes a full-fledged member of the monastic community
Bodhisattva
An enlightened being who compassionately refrains from entering nirvana in order to save others and is worshipped as a deity
Bikkhu Sangha
Sangha of monks
Bhikkhuni Sangha
Sangha of nuns
Paribbajaka/ Parivrajaka
Wanderer
Shakra
God Indra
Sarvastivadin
One
of the popular schools of Theravada, which basically relies on the
dictum that “everything whether internal or external exists continuously
in all the three phases of time”
Sautrantika
Sautrantikas consider only the Sutras as valid (Teachings of
Buddhist Councils
Buddhist Council
Time
Place
Ruler
President
Specificity
First
483 BCE
Rajgriha
Ajatashatru
Mahakassappa
Buddha’s teachings were divided into 3 categories or baskets (Pitakas)
Second
383 BCE
Vaishali
Kalasoka
Sabbakami
Division: Sthaviravadins - they felt they were keeping the original spirit of the Buddha’s
How do you promote your blog? Do you share it on social media once and hope for the best?
Sadly, that’s not going to work. Unless you have millions of fans who
live and breathe your every word. But I’m guessing you’ve not reached
celebrity status … yet.
In the meantime, why not try some of these ideas. Most are free, so what have you got to lose?
We’ve arranged them into sections so you can pick one at a time.
Before you start, a word of warning. Don’t try all of these ideas
together. Pick one or two that you feel comfortable with and suit your
niche. Then evaluate your results.
In time, this will allow you to create a documented promotional process you can follow for every post you publish.
The result? More eyeballs on every blog post you publish!
Let’s get started:
Part 1 – Pre-promotion
Part 1 is all about getting your website and content in tip-top condition to give you the best possible chance of success.
1.1 – Site optimization (Technical SEO)
In this section, you’ll learn about the essential elements you need
to have in place to ensure your WordPress site is running smoothly.
Visitors have an enjoyable experience finding their way around your site
Search engines can find and index your site
Hosting
Selecting a reliable web host should not be taken lightly. If you
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Nobody likes hanging around for a slow loading website. Plus, Google
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WordPress is the most popular blogging platform,
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Don’t be intimidated by the heading. You need to know that for your
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Without external links the Internet wouldn’t exist – there’d be no
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here’s what you need to do:
Internal links – When you publish new content on your blog think
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External
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Broken
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Redirects
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Analytics tools
Analytics Tools are essential for any blog. They’ll help you
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to spend time creating and promoting your content, you’ll want to know
which content is most popular and what promotion method drove visitors
to your site. Most bloggers use Google Analytics to track their website
data, but there are other tools available.
In section two, you’ll learn about researching and planning the content for your audience.
Choose your niche
Before you start producing content for your blog, you need to have a clear idea of your niche,
or topic, and the four or five categories that support it. If you
choose a topic that nobody is interested in, then you’re going to have a
tough time promoting your content.
It’s worth checking Google Trends to see how interest in a topic is increasing or decreasing over time. Here’s an example for the term “content marketing”:
Research keywords and topics
When you’ve finalized your niche, you can start planning what content
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queries) that represent your blog.
Once you’ve researched your keywords, you can sort them into topics aligned with your categories above.
Research your audience
Before you start producing content, you need to consider your
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When you have an idea of your target audience, then think about your
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Consider content type
Now you have your niche and keyword topics arranged, you should consider what type of content you’re going to produce.
Research by BuzzSumo – published on Noah Kagan’s OkDork blog – showed that infographics and list posts received more shares than other types of content:
We’ve experienced this with our posts at Blogging Wizard. And for infographics, they perform especially well on Pinterest.
And Top 10 Lists were popular in print publications long before the web existed.
In short, people are fascinated with lists and data-driven graphics.
1.3 – Content optimization (OnPage SEO)
In this section, you’ll discover how to optimize your content on every page before you hit publish.
Add meta tags to your title, URL, and description
If you use the Yoast SEO plugin for WordPress, you’ll get prompted to complete these three fields:
Title – Try to put your keyword at the beginning of your title, if possible.
URL – Use short URLs that include your keyword
Description – Write curiosity-inducing meta descriptions that suck people in
The snippet preview shows how it’ll look in the actual SERPs:
Include keywords on your page
Try and include your target keywords in some of the following places:
URL
Page Title
Main Heading (H1)
First paragraph of the page
Page subheadings (H2/H3 etc.)
It’s not necessary to have them in every location, (and you certainly
shouldn’t force your keyword into those places just for the sake of
it), but it will help to optimize your page.
Optimize your images
There are three things you need to optimize on your images:
Dimensions – Make your images the right size for your blog page.
For example, on my blog, I make sure the images are 600px wide, so they
fit in with the theme and design.
File size – Make sure you
compress your image files with a tool like TinyPNG or Kraken before
uploading to WordPress. These programs can reduce file sizes by as much
as 65% and help to make your blog load and run faster.
Alt text –
Always add a meaningful description to the Alt Text on your images.
This helps visually impaired readers understand what the image relates
to, and it also helps search engines index your images.
Start building your list
Email marketing, as you’ll discover in Part 2, is one of the best
ways to promote your blog as you have a direct connection with your
fans. But first, you’ll need to build a list of subscribers. And for
that, you’ll need two essential things in place on your blog:
An easy way for people to sign up to your list.
A compelling reason to join your list, often referred to as a ‘lead magnet’.
Getting other people to share your content on social media is a bonus
for you. As well as having some awesome content to share, you need to
prompt users to share it. You can maximize your promotion efforts by
placing visually attractive Social Sharing Buttons and Click To Tweet
Widgets on your blog with a social sharing plugin.
Social Sharing Buttons – You don’t have to
include every social network, only those appropriate to your blog. Look
to your left to see an example of the buttons we use on Blogging Wizard.
Click To Tweet Widgets
– You can highlight a quote or phrase so that it stands out and
encourages readers to share it. Here’s a live example we added to the
post using Social Warfare:
Finally, we need to cover a few points about your content because
you’ll need to write quality content so that it’s easier to promote:
Headlines
The headline is the first thing a reader sees, on social media or
search results pages, so it has to make an impact. Start with an
attention-grabbing headline and then make sure your content stacks up to
what you promised. Take your time to create the best headline possible.
Content length
Several studies have concluded that longer blog posts get:
However, you need to take into account your niche and the goal of
your content. Longer content may appear to perform better but remember,
word count only matters when you write quality content – 5,000 words of
drivel doesn’t benefit anyone.
Note: Your content should be as long as it needs to be to get your point across, in the most effective way possible.
Content layout
You need to make your content easy to consume. Most readers scan web
pages, so you need to give them markers to stop them in their tracks and
highlight key points using subheadings and bullet points.
Make your content more visual by using relevant images, videos, screenshots, and diagrams. Research from Nielsen says:
Users pay attention to
information-carrying images that show content that’s relevant to the
task at hand. And users ignore purely decorative images that don’t add
real content to the page.
Part 2 – Blog promotion
In Part 2, we’ll take a look at the different ways you can promote
each blog post. This is not meant to be an exhaustive checklist that you
should follow religiously. Rather it’s a list of ideas you can try, and
see which works best for you.
Note: Before you start, it’s a good idea to prepare a
simple text file with information you can reuse on several platforms.
This will speed up the promotion process. The following is an example of
what we use at Blogging Wizard:
Short
social messages – write out several short social messages for use on
Twitter. These can be quotes, questions, or based on headline
variations.
Longer social messages – write out several slightly longer social messages for use on LinkedIn, and Facebook, etc. Popular copywriting formulas work well here.
Contact
information – mentioned a person or brand in the post? Include their
contact info – Twitter account, email address, etc. You’ll want to let
them know they’ve been mentioned.
UTM tracking URL’s (optional) – use Google’s Campaign URL Builder to create a tracking link for each platform you promote your article on. This will help you track traffic more accurately.
Shortlinks (optional) – tracking links can look messy. Using a URL shortener will tidy them up.
2.1 – Email marketing
Despite all the latest marketing fads, email remains the most powerful and cost-effective.
It’s still the favorite means of communication for many people. Think
about it: every account you sign up for typically requires an email
address.
Email your list
In Part 1 we talked about list building. Now it’s time to use that list.
Emailing your list of subscribers is one of the best ways to start
driving traffic to your latest blog post. But don’t leave it there. Ask
them to comment, like, and share it with their community so that you can
reach a wider circle of people.
And it stands to reason that if someone is already a subscriber,
they’ll be more likely to share your content with their followers.
Use an email signature
Include a link to your latest blog post in your email signature. It’s
a simple and subtle way to promote your content. And you never know
which recipient might click and read. Try WiseStamp for a professional email signature with links to your social profiles and latest blog post:
Email your contacts
Now and then, email your contacts (friends, family, etc.) and ask
them to share your latest blog post. You never know how far the ripple
effect will spread. Always ask politely and offer to help them in some
way.
Note: If you use this tactic for every blog post, you’ll lose your contacts!
Ask a colleague to email their list
If you have friends and colleagues working in the same or a similar
niche, then you could ask them to email their list. Perhaps you could
agree to do the same for them in return. But again, don’t do this for
every post you publish.
2.2 – Social media marketing
Sharing your content on social media is still an excellent way to get
more visibility, and ultimately increase traffic and shares. But it’s
not just a case of posting once on Facebook and then moving onto
something else. You need to have a social media marketing strategy in place:
Focus on the most relevant social networks for your blog.
Engage with people on those platforms including influencers and brands.
Participate in social groups to grow your social media reach.
Popular social networks
Maintain a regular presence on your chosen social networks and post
consistently. Don’t just turn up when you have a new blog post to share.
Social media is a two-way channel, so engage with other people by
liking and sharing their content.
Vary the message in your social media posts to suit each network. For example, tools like Blog2Social and Sendible
allow you to tailor your posts per network by using a long or short
message, adding relevant hashtags or mentions, and selecting a portrait
or landscape image.
These next social sites all work by reciprocal sharing. You earn
‘credits’ for sharing other people’s content, which then allows you to
post your content and get it shared by others.
Triberr
is a powerful way to promote your blog. Each of your blog posts will be
imported automatically (via RSS), but you can edit the import if you
wish. For example, you can add your featured blog post image to make
your post stand out in the stream. Remember to get engaged with your
tribemates and share their content.
Viral Content Bee lets
bloggers promote their content on Twitter, Facebook, and Pinterest.
When you’ve earned enough credits by sharing other people’s content, you
can add your post to get it promoted. For best results, connect with
and share content from your niche.
Popular social bookmarking sites
Social bookmarking sites allow users to post their favorite stories,
images, and videos, and use tags to organize them. Other users can take
these ‘bookmarks’ and add them to their own collection or share them
with even more users. Most of these sites also have a voting system so
members can ‘upvote’ their favorite posts, which rise to the top and
gain more exposure.
Reddit was
never intended to be a directory of links like other bookmarking sites.
It consists of smaller interest-based communities called subreddits.
Some subreddits don’t allow you to share links, in which case you’ll
have to write original content for your community.
Flipboard is
more of a social magazine-style app than a traditional bookmarking
site. But you can also create your own magazines by selecting “flip it”
to republish posts and share with your followers.
Niche social bookmarking sites
Sharing your content in niche-specific sites will generate more
relevant shares and traffic because your content has the right audience.
Online communities give you the opportunity to contribute, build
relationships, and establish your authority. But, like Reddit, it won’t
work if you only drop links. You have to provide more value by getting
involved in discussions.
Look for established groups that are active and have good moderation. And use the platforms that suit your niche:
Facebook groups
Pinterest groups
LinkedIn groups
Web forums
Quora
Note:
Consider creating your own groups on one of these platforms. This will
help you develop your online presence further. Facebook is usually the
most popular option, but it can take a lot of effort to make your group successful.
2.3 – Content leverage
If you only write a blog post and publish it on your own blog, then
you’re missing out. But by leveraging your content, you can get it in
front of a larger audience.
Here are four ways you can try:
Content curation
Some sites allow you to curate your content into lists and
collections. For example, if you were in the gardening niche, you could
create a topic on ‘Hardy Bi-annuals’ and then save content to it that
includes some of your posts.
Here are a few sites where you can curate your content:
Content aggregators collect content from other websites and
“aggregate” it into one easy-to-find location. It’s not classed as
copyright theft as long as the aggregation site clearly states and links
to the source, and doesn’t republish the content in full. Plus it’s a
win-win:
Visitors have access to all content in one place.
Creators get their content in front of a larger audience.
Here are some of the most popular content aggregators:
Content syndication is the process
of pushing your blog post, article, video or any piece of web-based
content out to other third-parties who will then republish it on their
own sites.
Best practice is to publish on your blog first, wait a few days (minimum) until Google has indexed your post, and then republish on other platforms like Medium and LinkedIn.
Alternatively, you could post a snippet or a taster of your post on the syndication sites with a link to your full article.
Either way, it’s an opportunity to get your content in front of a larger audience.
Warning: Best practice is to add something called a rel=”canonical” tag to the republished piece of content.
A canonical tag is a piece of code (metadata) that includes a link to
the original piece of content. This helps Google to understand which
website originally published a piece of content.
If that’s not possible, it’s recommended to link back to your original content from the re-published version.
But, Google doesn’t always rank the website that originally publishes
a piece of content – even if they know who originally published it.
They typically rank the website they “think” visitors prefer to read on.
Or in some cases, the more authoritative website.
For this reason, you may be best only syndicating content that isn’t
targeting any specific keywords, or a snippet of your content.
Content repurposing
Content repurposing is all about turning your initial blog post into another format like an infographic, a video, a podcast or a Slideshare presentation.
What’s more, he published the infographic on another site so he could
reach an even wider audience. The initial blog post had over 5,000
visits and 2,000 social shares, while the infographic has brought in an
additional 35,000+ visitors.
There are a number of ways to position your infographic. You can use
graphs, flow charts, tables, timelines, and more. And there are plenty
of other content types to explore.
Running a blog is doomed to failure if you try to do everything on
your own. There’s a whole blogosphere out there that you can tap into.
All it takes is for you to build relationships with the right people.
And like any relationship, that means you need to give and take.
Jason Quey, writing about his experience of working with 1000 influencers, summed it up perfectly:
Be a giver, not a taker.
In this section, you’ll learn how to promote your content with the help of other people.
Influencer marketing
Influencer marketing involves connecting with and asking individuals
that influence your target audience to help promote your content rather
than trying to reach that audience on your own.
Here are three ways you can use influencers to promote your content:
Mention influencers in your posts (individuals or expert roundups)
There’s no better way of letting an influencer know how much you
value their work than by including a relevant link to them in your blog
post. And as long as it’s high-quality content, they’ll be more than
happy to share it with their audience, which will undoubtedly be more
extensive than yours.
You don’t need to ask them to share it. Just let them know you
appreciate their work and you included a link. For instance, I let Andy
Crestodina know that I’d mentioned him and his book in my post, and he
was more than happy to share it with his followers. (Actually, it was a
republished article on LinkedIn, but it received over 700 views, 155
likes, 32 reshares, and 12 comments.)
Interview an influential blogger
Taking it one step further, why not ask an influential blogger for a
quote or two in your new blog post. It’s a great way to add some unique
content to your post that differentiates it from others. If you ask
politely, most bloggers will be happy to oblige. And, again, when it’s
published, they’ll share it with their followers.
Invite influential bloggers to contribute to your blog
One of the most overused blog promotion tactics is to write an Expert
Roundup. What started out as a valid idea has been overcooked. Now you
see posts like “143 Experts Tell You How to Boil an Egg.”
Along the way, the emphasis switched to getting as many experts as
possible involved so that the blog post would get shared by more people.
You don’t have to do that. Go for quality rather than quantity and
conduct a group interview with five to seven influencers who can add
real value to your post and share it with their audience.
Blogger outreach
Blogger outreach is similar to influencer marketing. It’s another way of asking for help from influential people in your niche.
The focus is not simply to have an influencer with a large audience plug your product.
Instead, blogger outreach is more focused on forming content partnerships, guest blogging, or backlink acquisition.
Blogger outreach is one of the most effective ways to promote your
content, but there’s a right way and a wrong way to conduct your
outreach.
Guest Blogging is still one of the most effective ways to promote your blog.
The key to making it work is to write your best content on relevant
blogs in your niche that have a high volume of followers and
subscribers. Include a link in your author bio to a landing page on your
site where visitors can get an exclusive download or find more about
your services.
For example, Lily Ugbaja uses her author bio to direct visitors to her Hire Me page:
You may not see overnight traffic flooding back to your website. But
it’s still a good way of building your authority and becoming recognized
in your niche.
When you start commenting on the top blogs in your niche, you’ll get
the attention of other commenters and the blog owner. If your comment is
useful, then other readers will go and check out your blog. And,
ultimately, you might even get an invitation from the blog owner to
write a guest post.
But, more than anything this is about relationship building – some
great connections and friendships can come out of it as a result.
It’s those friendships and connections that will help you promote
your content better in future. Just be sure to avoid dropping links to
your content within comment itself.
2.5 – Paid marketing
So far, we’ve used ‘free’ blog promotion tactics that have only
consumed your time. But there are some paid alternatives to promoting
your content, so let’s take a look at a few options.
Social media advertising
As social media organic (non-paid) reach declines, you may want to consider paid advertising.
Each social media platform has different demographics and advertising formats. For example, there’s:
Aside from the leading social networks above you may want to consider:
Quuu Promote
allows content creators to submit their content into the Quuu content
curation system. Once the content is approved, it’s shared by other
business owners on social media. Promotion costs vary depending on the
content category.
Reddit
is one of the biggest online communities, with an estimated 17 million
monthly users. Its advertising costs are cheaper than traditional social
sites.
Content discovery platforms
Content discovery platforms – sometimes called Native Advertising – like Outbrain and Taboola provide another option to promote your content.
The native ads are designed to look and feel like they belong on the
publisher’s website. They usually appear at the end of an article
presented as: “You May Like”, “Recommended For You” or “Promoted
Stories”.
Here’s how a Blogging Wizard post might look via Outbrain:
Search advertising
Search advertising places advertisements in search engine results.
It’s also referred to as PPC (Pay-Per-Click) advertising because you
have to pay a small fee every time somebody clicks on your ad. You’ll
see them at the top of Bing and Google SERPs denoted with an ‘Ad’ icon:
Part 3 – Measuring your blog promotion
How do you know which blog promotion strategies work? By measuring results.
3.1 – Web analytics
Way back in Part 1 we mentioned installing and using some web
analytics tools. Now’s the time to see what data they have for you.
Whichever web analytics tool you use there’s going to be a lot of data
to work through.
In Google Analytics, you can check the ‘Acquisition’ section and ‘Channels’ to see where your blog visitors have arrived from:
Note: Traffic ends up in these various channels according to rules defined here. For a better understanding of channels, I recommend reading this article.
Here’s a brief overview of the different channels you are likely to come across in Google Analytics:
Organic Search – Visitors who come to your website from search engines; e.g. Google and Bing.
Direct
– Visitors who come to your website without a traceable referral
source; e.g. after typing your URL into their address bar or using a
bookmark on their browser.
Social – Visitors who come to your website from a social network; e.g. Facebook, Twitter, etc.
Referral – Visitors who come to your website from another website by clicking on a link.
Other – Visitors from traffic sources where the UTM_Medium parameter is incorrect.
Paid Search – Visitors who come to your website from a paid search advert; e.g. Google AdWords
Email – Visitors who come to your website after clicking links in your email marketing campaigns.
Bottom line, Google Analytics is only as good as the data going in.
So if you want to track your data diligently, then you need to build your tracking parameters correctly on all the links you can control.
3.2 – Social media monitoring
As well as web analytics tools you can use social media monitoring
tools to check how your blog posts are performing. Google Analytics is
not brilliant at tracking social media. But there are plenty of other
tools available so you can see which platform is best for promoting your
blog content.
With so many blog promotion tactics listed here, it’s impossible to use them all at once.
Our advice:
Start off with one or two blog promotion strategies and see what works best.
Then try adding another one. And then another. Until you find works for you.
It might be that one tactic works for one blog post and a different
tactic works for another, depending on your content and audience. Try
not to be too hasty when eliminating a strategy as some might take
longer to work than others.
Eventually, you can collate everything that works into a solid content promotion process. You can then use this process to get more traffic to each post you publish.
There
are many different ways that you can meet new people and socialize
online, but virtual worlds take you one step further by providing you
with a place where you can use an avatar and interact with each other
and with digital objects.
VRChat
VRChat
is a game full of virtual worlds where people can upload avatars,
create new objects, and explore with their friends. While there are
non-adults that play this game as well, they can be muted or ignored
completely as you go through the world and meet like-minded people to
hang out with.
Once
you have your group, you can find a private server to chat or hang out.
VRChat is constantly being updated as people add more worlds, so you
will never run out of places to explore.
There
are endless events and worlds you can explore allowing you to attend
many a party (and after-party, and after-after party).
Rec Room
Rec
Room is a virtual reality social club where you can play mini-games,
create virtual worlds (without having to understand coding), and make
friends from around the world. This game hosts over a million different
worlds that allow players to practice their online parkour skills,
engage in paintball competitions, explore haunted castles, and much
more.
This platform lives by the motto, “When in doubt, build it,” and they continually create to satisfy their customers.
Altspace
Altspace
is a virtual world where you are able to set up events, host meetups,
or give a class. You can attend concerts, watch improv comedy, and even
go to VR church. There are hundreds of events you can choose from on a
daily basis and a place for everyone in this world.
Easily browse events and attend the ones you want. Connect with other people and make new friends along the way.
Google Earth VR
Google
Earth VR allows you to walk or fly through specific places on earth.
Want to fly through the Grand Canyon or walk the streets of Paris? With
this platform, you can. While nothing will beat the experience of
actually traveling to a specific place and visiting it yourself, you
will be able to see things in a different way than you have ever
experienced in the past.
BSP
supremo Mayawati charged the governments selected by fraud EVMs with
discriminating against Awakened Aboriginal icons like Kanshi Ram while
awarding Bharat Ratna to Atal Bihari Vajpayee,Tendulkar,Jyoti Basu,Madan
Mohan Malviya.People awarded Awakened Vishwa award for his contribution
towards creating social and political awareness among the crores of
Original Inhabitants of Jambudvipa i.e.,The Great Prabuddha Bharath .
Ms. Mayawati said Kanshi Ram deserved the honour as he had devoted his entire life for the uplift of the Aboriginal sections.
She
said he had instilled self-confidence in the Original Inhabitants of
Jambudvipa i.e.,The Great Prabuddha Bharath, deprived and backward
sections, who had been divided into several castes.
आज 20/2/2022 को बहुजन समाज पार्टी के तत्वावधान में #उन्नाव और #लखनऊ में आयोजित चुनावी जनसभा को सम्बोधित कर
Today, at 20/2/2022, at # Unnao and # Lucknow, I will appeal votes for energetic candidates and will be present between you.Write to every poling booth. BSP is to be powered.#Unnao #lucknow Translate tweet
‘Special gifts’
Meanwhile, some public welfare measures, she
referred to as “special gifts” for the people, would be announced on her
birthday on January 15.
Stating that her birthday would be celebrated
in a simple manner throughout the country, she said she had appealed to
her partymen to render financial help to poor widows, the elderly and
physically impaired persons of the “sarv saamaj” on the occasion. She
also appealed to her cadres to extend financial assistance to the party
on the day.
Big plans for Mayawati’s birthday
BANGALORE: On the occasion of Uttar Pradesh
Chief Minister Mayawati’s birthday on January 15, the Bahujan Samaj
Party (BSP) in the State has decided to distribute Rs. 5,000 each to
five women belonging to poor families in each Assembly constituency of
the State. BSP State unit president M. Muniyappa told presspersons here
on Saturday that the party would collect money from party workers to
celebrate their leader’s birthday in a grand manner on Tuesday. —
Special Correspondent
‘Pejawar seer wants to meet Mayawati’
Special Correspondent
Party not aware of the reasons behind the request
BSP to contest Assembly polls on its own
BANGALORE: The Bahujan Samaj Party State unit
on Wednesday claimed that Pejawar Math pontiff Vishvesha Thirtha Swamiji
has sought an appointment with party supremo Mayawati.
Addressing presspersons, BSP State unit
president Marasandra Muniyappa said the Pejawar seer was keen on meeting
Ms. Mayawati. However, he said the party was not aware of the exact
reasons behind such a meeting sought by him.
Mr. Muniyappa only said that the success of Ms.
Mayawati’s social engineering experiment in Uttar Pradesh in which the
party joined hands with the upper castes as well as the oppressed
communities had resulted in people from various communities, including
the upper castes, moving towards the BSP in Karnataka.
He said the party State unit was in an upbeat
mood ever since Ms. Mayawati addressed a convention in Bangalore
recently. More than 1,000 persons were joining the party every day from
various communities ever since Ms. Mayawati’s visit, he claimed. During
her Karnataka visit, Ms. Mayawati had assured poor people from upper
castes of providing 10 per cent reservation in private sector if her
party came to power at the Centre.
Mr. Muniyappa said the party would contest all
the 224 Assembly seats in the State on its own without entering into any
alliance with other political parties.
In a statement, the party said the former
Vice-Chancellor of Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences R.
Chandrashekhar would join its fold.
Meanwhile, the BSP State unit has decided to
celebrate Ms. Mayawati’s birthday on January 15 in a novel way by
providing financial aid of Rs. 5,000 each to five destitute women and
poor widows from every Assembly constituency in the State.
Mr. Muniyappa said about 1,300 persons would
receive the financial aid at a programme to be held on that day at the
Ambedkar Bhavan in Bangalore.
He said the funds for such an aid would be raised from the party members instead of collecting donations from industrialists
Contribute financially on my birthday, says Mayawati
BSP chief Mayawati said she has appealed to her
supporters to celebrate her birthday on Monday by ‘contributing
financially’ to the party and for welfare activities.
The UP Chief Minister, who will turn 52 on
January 14, said that she had asked ‘party workers and well-wishers to
undertake welfare activities for helpless widows, the old and
meritorious poor students’ on the occasion.
“This would be the most valuable and important
gift for me,” she said and asked BSP workers to celebrate the occasion
with simplicity in view.
Mayawati said a book My Story of Struggle:
BSP’s Journey - Part 3 would be released on the occasion in New Delhi
and also promised a slew of schemes for the people, but refused to
divulge them till then.
The Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa i.e.The
Great Prabuddha Bharath leader was earlier this week virtually given a
clean chit by the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal which said she received
gifts out of veneration and personal esteem.
Mass conversion held in Nellore district of Andhrapradesh under the banner of AMBEDKAR DHARMA PORATA SAMITHI(ADPS)
There was a big mass conversion held in Nellore
district of Andhrapradesh under the banner of AMBEDKAR DHARMA PORATA
SAMITHI(ADPS) , means Ambedkar’s Dharma Struggle Committee, the
organisation dedicated for spreading Babasaheb Ambedkar’s ideology
especially in spreading buddism. Organisation’ s President Jnanabodhi
Sri. Ingilala Ramachandra Rao presided the programme. Bangalore based
buddhist bhikku Sri. Bodhi Datta banteji gave panchseela and addressed
gathering and stressed to need to follow buddhist priniciples in daily
life and taught how to do Metta Meditation. Later 22 precepts given to
the gathering by Sri. Ramachandra Rao and gave presidential speech. The
programmed held in Nellore Town hall, on 25th December 2007, began
around 4.30Pm. and ended 6.30p.m after taking big rally in the streets
of Nellore town with Jaibheem and long live Buddhism slogans by
committed cadres of ADPS. Around 2000+ participated in proframme,
includes mainly dalits, few tribals, obc casts and interestingly some
muslims also got converted. The rural crowd mostly seemed to be very
serious about buddhist conversion. The occasion they choose is on
December 25, on which day Babasaheb burnt Manusmuthi publicly , which is
based on inequality and cruelty on humanity. From Bangalore I attended
with Some BSP friends and translated Bhanteji.s english speech into
Telugu.
Regards, Kodanda Rama Bangalore
G
M
T
Y
Text-to-speech function is limited to 200 characters
Fruits & 
Vegetables Growers Party
