For
The Welfare, Happiness, Peace of All Sentient and Non-Sentient Beings and for them to Attain Eternal Peace as Final Goal.
From
KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA
in 116 CLASSICAL LANGUAGES
Through
At
WHITE HOME
668, 5A main Road, 8th Cross, HAL III Stage,
Prabuddha Bharat Puniya Bhumi Bengaluru
Magadhi Karnataka State
PRABUDDHA BHARAT
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENTWords of the Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness
MahÄsatipaį¹į¹hÄna Suttaā Attendance on awareness ā in
08) Classical Afrikaansā Klassieke Afrikaans andDO GOOD PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT Words of the Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness
from
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MahÄsatipaį¹į¹hÄna
Sutta in Buddha’s own words for happiness, eradication of hunger with
fearlessness and Unity chantings, songs and music in Classical Sanskrit
ą¤ą„ą¤²ą¤øą„ą¤øą¤æą¤ą¤²ą„ ą¤·ą¤Øą„ą¤øą„ą¤ą„ą¤°ą¤æą¤¤ą„
Ontdekking van Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness Universe (FOAINDMAOAU)
Die huidige situasie eindig tussen 04-8-2020 en 3-12-2020 wat die weg baan vir gratis aanlyn analitiese insignet
vir
Die welsyn, geluk, vrede van alle wese en nie-geestelike wesens en vir hulle om ewige vrede as finale doel te bereik.
Van
KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA
in 116 KLASSIESE TALE
deur
http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
By
WIT HUIS
668, Hoofweg 5A, 8ste Kruis, HAL III Stadium,
Prabuddha Bharat Puniya Bhumi Bengaluru
Magadhi Karnataka-staat
PRABUDDHA BHARAT
DOEN GOEIE GESONDHEID EN OMGEWING Woorde van die Metteyya wat met bewustheid gewek is
van
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MahÄsatipaį¹į¹hÄna
Sutta in Boeddha se eie woorde vir geluk, die uitwissing van honger met
vreesloosheid en sing van liedere en musiek in Klassieke Afrikaans -
Klassieke Afrikaans
Mag almal gelukkig, wel en veilig wees!
Mag almal lank lewe! Mag almal rustig, stil, waaksaam, oplettend en
gelykheid hĆŖ met ‘n duidelike begrip dat alles verander! RomanalipyAH
devanAgarIlipyAm parivartanam
Woorde van die Metteyya het een met bewustheid gewek
van
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Hierdie
uiteensetting vertoon die publikasie van boeke in die Devan Ā±
gari-skrifuitgawe van die ChaĪ¼Ī¼ha Saag Ā± yana (Sesde Raad) TipiĪ¼aka. Die
name van die volumes word skuins aangedui met die agtervoegsel ā-p Ā±
1ā4iā wat aandui dat die volume deel vorm van die wortel TipiĪ¼aka,
eerder as kommentaarliteratuur. Hierdie oorsig bevat slegs die
wortelvolumes. Let wel: Hierdie boeke is slegs in P Ā± li, in Devan Ā±
gari-skrif, en is nie te koop nie.
Geen stel Engelse vertalings is beskikbaar nie. Vir meer inligting, sien: www.tipitaka.org
(Drie afdelings, gedruk in 5 boeke)
Sutta Vibhaaga [twee boeke wat reƫls bevat vir die bhikkhus en bhikkhunis, waarin agt klasse van oortredings uiteengesit word]
TipiĪ¼aka (drie āmandjiesā)
Sutta PiĪ¼aka
(Vyf nik Ā± yas, of versamelings)
Die
Sutta Piį¹aka bevat die kern van die Boeddha-leer rakende die Dhamma.
Dit bevat meer as tienduisend suttas. Dit is verdeel in vyf versamelings
genaamd NikÄyas (’n menigte, vergadering; ‘n versameling; ‘n klas,
orde, groep; ‘n vereniging, broederskap, gemeente; ‘n huis, woning).
DÄ«gha NikÄya [dÄ«gha: lank]
Die
DÄ«gha NikÄya versamel 34 van die langste gesprekke wat deur die Boeddha
gegee is. Daar is verskillende wenke dat baie daarvan laat toevoegings
tot die oorspronklike korpus en van twyfelagtige egtheid is.
Majjhima NikÄya
[majjhima:
medium] Die Majjhima NikÄya versamel 152 gesprekke van die Boeddha van
tussentydse lengte, wat handel oor uiteenlopende aangeleenthede.
Saį¹yutta NikÄya
[samyutta:
groep] Die Saį¹yutta NikÄya versamel die suttas volgens hul onderwerp in
56 subgroepe wat saį¹uttas genoem word. Dit bevat meer as drie duisend
diskoerse van wisselende lengte, maar oor die algemeen relatief kort.
Aį¹
guttara NikÄya
[aį¹
g:
faktor | uttara: additionnal] Die Aį¹
guttara NikÄya is onderverdeel in
elf subgroepe wat nipÄtas genoem word, en elkeen versamel diskoerse wat
bestaan āāuit die tel van ‘n addisionele faktor teenoor die van die
presedent nipÄta. Dit bevat duisende suttas wat oor die algemeen kort is.
Khuddaka NikÄya
[khuddha:
kort, klein] Die kort tekste van Khuddhaka NikÄya en word beskou as
gekomponeer uit twee strata: Dhammapada, UdÄna, Itivuttaka, Sutta
NipÄta, TheragÄthÄ-TherÄ«gÄthÄ en JÄtaka vorm die antieke strata, terwyl
ander boeke laat toevoegings is en die egtheid daarvan is meer
bevraagteken.
Sutta PiĪ¼aka
(Vyf nik Ā± yas, of versamelings)
1. D2gha-nik Ā± ya [34 suttas; 3 vaggas, of hoofstukke (elk ‘n boek)]
(1) S2lakkhandavagga-p Ā± 1ā4i (13 suttas)
(2) Mah Ā± vagga-p Ā± 1ā4i (10 suttas)
(3) P Ā± Ī¼ikavagga-p Ā± 1ā4i (11 suttas)
2. Majjhima-nik Ā± ya [152 suttas; 15 vaggas; verdeel in 3 boeke,
5 vaggas elk, bekend as paoo Ā± sa (’vyftig’)]
(1) M3lapaoo Ā± ssa-p Ā± 1ā4i (die ‘wortel’ vyftig)
1. M3lapariy Ā± yavagga (10 suttas)
2. S2han Ā± davagga (10 suttas)
3. Tatiyavagga (10 suttas)
4. Mah Ā± yamakavagga (10 suttas)
5. C31ā4ayamakavagga (10 suttas)
(2) Majjhimapaoo Ā± sa-p Ā± 1ā4i (die ‘middelste’ vyftig)
6. Gahapati-vagga (10 suttas)
7. Bhikkhu-vagga (10 suttas)
8. Paribb Ā± jaka-vagga (10 suttas)
9. R Ā± ja-vagga (10 suttas)
10. Br Ā± hmana-vagga (10 suttas)
(3) Uparipaoo Ā± sa-p Ā± 1ā4i (beteken ‘meer as vyftig’)
11. Devadaha-vagga (10 suttas)
12. Anupada-vagga (10 suttas)
13. SuƱƱata-vagga (10 suttas)
14. Vibhaaga-vagga (12 suttas)
15. Sa1ā4 Ā± yatana-vagga
Nou,
heer, ontstaan āādie eerste persepsie en die kennis daarna; of ontstaan
āākennis eerstens en persepsie daarna; of ontstaan āāpersepsie en
kennis tegelyk?
Potthapada, persepsie ontstaan āāeerstens, en
kennis daarna. En die ontstaan āāvan kennis kom uit die ontstaan āāvan
die waarneming. ‘N Mens onderskei:’ Dit hang af van my dat my kennis
ontstaan āāhet. ‘Deur middel van hierdie redenasie kan ‘n mens besef hoe
die persepsie eerste ontstaan, en die kennis daarna, en hoe die
ontstaan āāvan
kennis kom uit die ontstaan āāvan persepsie.DN 22 - (D ii 290)
Engels Inleiding I. Waarneming van KÄya
A. Afdeling oor ÄnÄpÄna
B. Afdeling oor houdings
C. Afdeling oor sampajaƱƱa
D. Afdeling oor afstootlikheid
E. Afdeling oor die elemente
F. Afdeling op die nege werfgronde
II. Waarneming van VedanÄ
inleiding
So het ek gehoor:
By
een geleentheid het die BhagavÄ tussen die Kurus in KammÄsadhamma, ‘n
markdorp van die Kurus, gebly. Daar het hy die bhikkhus toegespreek:
- Bhikkhus.
- Bhaddante antwoord die bhikkhus. Die BhagavÄ het gesĆŖ:
-
Dit, bhikkhus, is die pad wat lei tot niks anders as die suiwering van
wesens, die oorkom van hartseer en klaagliedere, die verdwyning van
dukkha-domanassa, die bereiking van die regte weg, die verwesenliking
van NibbÄna, dit wil sĆŖ die vier satipaį¹į¹hÄnas.
Watter vier? Hier
woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya waarneem, ÄtÄpÄ«
sampajÄno, satimÄ, terwyl hy abhijjhÄ-domanassa opgee in die rigting van
die wĆŖreld. Hy woon op vedanÄ in vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ, en
het hy abhijjhÄ-doman opgee. Hy woon waar hy sitta in citta, ÄtÄpÄ«
sampajÄno, satimÄ, waar hy die abhijjhÄ-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld
opgegee het. Hy woon waar hy dhamma’s in dhamma’s, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno,
satimÄ waarneem, terwyl hy abhijjhÄ-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld prysgegee
het.
I. KÄyÄnupassanÄ
A. Afdeling oor ÄnÄpÄna
En hoe,
bhikkhus, woon ‘n bhikkhu waar hy kÄya in kÄya waarneem? Hier, bhikkhus,
‘n bhikkhu, wat na die woud gegaan het, of aan die wortel van ‘n boom
gegaan het of na ‘n leĆ« kamer gegaan het, gaan sit het om die bene dwars
te vou, kÄya regop te sit en sati parimukhaį¹ te sit. As hy so sato is,
haal hy asem in, en so sato asem hy uit. Asem in asem, verstaan āāhy:
‘ek haal lank asem in’; Asem lank uit, verstaan āāhy: ‘Ek haal lank
uit’; asemhaling kort verstaan āāhy: ‘Ek haal kortasem’; kort uitasem
verstaan āāhy: ‘Ek haal kortasem uit’; hy lei homself op: ‘voel die hele
kÄya, ek sal inasem’; hy lei homself op: ‘voel die hele kÄya, ek sal
uitasem’; hy lei homself op: ‘kalmeer die kÄya-saį¹
khÄras, ek sal
inasem’; hy lei homself op: ‘Kalmeer die kÄya-saį¹
khÄras, ek sal
uitasem’.
Net soos bhikkhus, ‘n bekwame draaier of ‘n leerlingvak
wat ‘n lang draai maak, verstaan: ‘Ek maak ‘n lang draai’; maak ‘n kort
draai, hy verstaan: ‘Ek maak ‘n kort draai’; op dieselfde manier
verstaan āābhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, wat lank inasem, verstaan: ‘Ek haal
lank asem in’; Asem lank uit, verstaan āāhy: ‘Ek haal lank uit’;
asemhaling kort verstaan āāhy: ‘Ek haal kortasem’; kort uitasem verstaan
āāhy: ‘Ek haal kortasem uit’; hy lei homself op: ‘voel die hele kÄya,
ek sal inasem’; hy lei homself op: ‘voel die hele kÄya, ek sal uitasem’;
hy lei homself op: ‘kalmeer die kÄya-saį¹
khÄras, ek sal inasem’; hy lei
homself op: ‘Kalmeer die kÄya-saį¹
khÄras, ek sal uitasem’.
Dus
woon hy waar hy kÄya in kÄya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kÄya
in eksterne kÄya waarneem, of hy woon kÄya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kÄya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kÄya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kÄya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ādit
is kÄya!ā sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en
blote paį¹issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya waarneem.
B. Afdeling oor houdings
Verder
verstaan āābhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, terwyl hy loop,: ‘ek loop’, of terwyl
hy staan, verstaan āāhy: ‘ek staan’, of terwyl hy sit, verstaan āāhy:
‘ek sit’, of terwyl hy lĆŖ, verstaan āāhy: ‘ Ek gaan lĆŖ. Anders gestel,
in watter posisie sy kÄya ook al is, verstaan āāhy dit
dienooreenkomstig.
C. Afdeling oor sampajaƱƱa
Verder
tree bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, nader en terwyl hy vertrek, tree hy saam met
sampajaƱƱa op, terwyl hy vorentoe kyk, en terwyl hy rondkyk, tree hy
met sampajaƱƱa op, terwyl hy buig en terwyl hy strek, tree hy met
sampajaƱƱa op, terwyl hy die gewaad en die bo-kleed dra en terwyl hy die
bak dra, tree hy saam met sampajaƱƱa, terwyl hy eet, drink, terwyl hy
kou, terwyl hy proe, tree hy saam met sampajaƱƱa, terwyl hy aandag gee
aan ontlasting en urinering, tree hy op met sampajaƱƱa, terwyl hy loop,
terwyl hy staan, terwyl hy sit , terwyl hy slaap, terwyl hy wakker is,
terwyl hy praat en terwyl hy stilbly, tree hy saam met sampajaƱƱa op.
Dus
woon hy waar hy kÄya in kÄya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kÄya
in eksterne kÄya waarneem, of hy woon kÄya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya o-verskynsels in kÄya waarneem, of hy woon by
die afsterwe van verskynsels \ in kÄya, of hy woon waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en verbygaan van verskynsels in kÄya; of anders, [besef:] ādit
is kÄya!ā sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en
blote paį¹issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya waarneem.
D. Afdeling oor afstootlikheid
Verder
beskou bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, hierdie einste liggaam, van die voetsole
en van die hare op die kop af, wat deur die vel afgebak is en vol
verskillende soorte onsuiwerhede is: ‘In hierdie kÄya is daar die hare
van die kop, hare van die liggaam, naels, tande, vel, vlees, senings,
bene, beenmurg, niere, hart, lewer, pleura, milt, longe, ingewande,
mesenterie, maag met die inhoud, ontlasting, gal, slym , etter, bloed,
sweet, vet, trane, vet, speeksel, neus slym, sinoviale vloeistof en
urine. ā
Net soos, bhikkhus, was daar ‘n sakkie met twee openinge
en gevul met verskillende soorte graan, soos heuwelroos, papie,
mungboontjies, bees ertjies, sesamsaad en geskilde rys. ‘N Man met ‘n
goeie sig, wat dit losgemaak het, sou [die inhoud daarvan] oorweeg: “Dit
is heuwels, dit is pap, dit is mongone, dit is bees ertjies, dit is
sesamsaad en dit is afgesnyde rys;” op dieselfde manier beskou bhikkhus,
‘n bhikkhu hierdie einste liggaam, van die voetsole na bo en van die
hare op die kop af, wat deur sy vel en vol verskillende soorte
onsuiwerhede afgebaken is: ‘In hierdie kÄya, daar is die hare van die
kop, die hare van die liggaam, naels, tande, vel, vlees, senings, bene,
beenmurg, niere, hart, lewer, pleura, milt, longe, ingewande,
mesenterie, maag met die inhoud, ontlasting, gal, slym, etter, bloed,
sweet, vet, trane, vet,
speeksel, neus slym, sinoviale vloeistof en urine. ā
Dus
woon hy waar hy kÄya in kÄya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kÄya
in eksterne kÄya waarneem, of hy woon kÄya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kÄya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kÄya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kÄya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ādit
is kÄya!ā sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en
blote paį¹issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya waarneem.
Bhikkhus,
‘n bhikkhu, reflekteer ook op hierdie einste kÄya, hoe dit ook al
geplaas is, maar dit is van die hand: “In hierdie kÄya is daar die
aarde-element, die waterelement, die vuurelement en die lugelement.”
Net
soos bhikkhus, ‘n bekwame slagter of ‘n slagtersleerling, nadat hy ‘n
koei doodgemaak het, op ‘n kruispad sou sit en dit in stukke sny; op
dieselfde manier, bhikkhus, reflekteer ‘n bhikkhu op hierdie einste
kÄya, hoe dit ook al geplaas is, maar dit is ook van die hand: “In
hierdie kÄya is daar die aarde-element, die water-element, die
vuur-element en die lug-element.”
Dus woon hy waar hy kÄya in
kÄya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kÄya in eksterne kÄya
waarneem, of hy woon kÄya intern en ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die
samudaya van verskynsels in kÄya waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe
van verskynsels in kÄya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya waarneem en die
verskynsels in kÄya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ādit is kÄya!ā sati
is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en blote
paį¹issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus
woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya waarneem.
F. Afdeling op die nege werfgronde
(1)
Verder,
bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, in ‘n akkergrond weggooi,
eendag dood of twee dae dood of drie dae dood, geswel, blouerig en
vurig, beskou hy hierdie baie kÄya: ā Hierdie kÄya is ook van so ‘n
aard, dit sal so word en is nie vry van so ‘n toestand nie. ‘
Dus
woon hy waar hy kÄya in kÄya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kÄya
in eksterne kÄya waarneem, of hy woon kÄya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kÄya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kÄya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kÄya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ādit
is kÄya!ā \ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a
en blote paį¹issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld
nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya waarneem.
(2)
Verder
is bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, in ‘n akkergrond
weggegooi, deur kraaie geƫet, deur valke geƫet, deur aasvoƫls geƫet,
deur reiers geƫet, deur honde geƫet, geƫet. deur tiere geƫet, geƫet deur
panters, geƫet deur verskillende soorte wesens, beskou hy hierdie baie
kÄya: ‘Hierdie kÄya is ook van so ‘n aard, dit sal so word en is nie vry
van so ‘n toestand nie.
Dus woon hy waar hy kÄya in kÄya
inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kÄya in eksterne kÄya waarneem, of
hy woon kÄya intern en ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van
verskynsels in kÄya waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels
in kÄya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya waarneem en die verskynsels in
kÄya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ādit is kÄya!ā sati is in hom
teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en blote paį¹issati, hy woon
losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n
bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya waarneem.
(3)
Verder, bhikkhus,
‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, weggooi in ‘n akkergrond, ‘n
platemaatjie met vlees en bloed wat deur senings bymekaar gehou word,
beskou hy hierdie einste kÄya: ‘Hierdie kÄya is ook van so ‘n van
nature, dit gaan so word en is nie vry van so ‘n toestand nie. ‘
Dus
woon hy waar hy kÄya in kÄya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kÄya
in eksterne kÄya waarneem, of hy woon kÄya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kÄya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kÄya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kÄya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ādit
is kÄya!ā sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en
blote paį¹issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya waarneem.
(4)
Verder
beskou hy bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, weggooi in
acharnelgrond, ‘n platemaatjie sonder vlees en met bloed gesmeer,
vasgehou deur senings. Hy beskou hierdie einste kÄya: ‘Hierdie kÄya is
ook van so van nature, dit gaan so word en is nie vry van so ‘n toestand
nie. ‘
(5)
Verder
beskou hy bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, weggegooi in ‘n
akkergrond, ‘n platemaatjie sonder vlees of bloed, wat deur senings
bymekaar gehou word. Hy beskou hierdie einste kÄya: ‘Hierdie kÄya is ook
van so ‘n van nature, dit gaan so word en is nie vry van so ‘n toestand
nie. ‘
Dus woon hy waar hy kÄya in kÄya inwendig waarneem, of hy
woon waar hy kÄya in eksterne kÄya waarneem, of hy woon kÄya intern en
ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kÄya
waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kÄya, of hy bly
waar hy die samudaya waarneem en die verskynsels in kÄya verbygaan; of
anders, [besef:] ādit is kÄya!ā sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die
mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en blote paį¹issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie
vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in
kÄya waarneem.
(6)
Verder, bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n
lyk sien, weggooi in ‘n akkergrond, ontkoppelde bene wat hier en daar
versprei is, hier ‘n handbeen, ‘n voetbeen, hier ‘n enkelbeen, daar ‘n
skeen been , hier ‘n dybeen, daar ‘n heupbeen, hier ‘n rib, daar ‘n
rugbeen, hier ‘n ruggraatbeen, daar ‘n nekbeen, hier ‘n kakebeen, daar
‘n tandbeen, of daar die skedel, hy beskou hierdie einste kÄya :
“Hierdie kÄya is ook van so ‘n aard, dit sal so word en is nie vry van
so ‘n toestand nie.”
Dus woon hy waar hy kÄya in kÄya inwendig
waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kÄya in eksterne kÄya waarneem, of hy woon
kÄya intern en ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van
verskynsels in kÄya waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels
in kÄya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya waarneem en die verskynsels in
kÄya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ādit is kÄya!ā sati is in hom
teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en blote paį¹issati, hy woon
losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n
bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya waarneem.
(7)
Verder, bhikkhus,
‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, weggooi in ‘n akkergrond, die bene soos
‘n seeschil is wit, hy beskou hierdie einste kÄya: ‘Hierdie kÄya is ook
van so ‘n aard, dit gaan om so te word, en is nie vry van so ‘n
toestand nie. ‘
(8)
Verder beskou hy bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu,
asof hy ‘n lyk sien, in ‘n akkergrond weggegooi, bene opgehoop as ‘n
jaar oud. Hy beskou hierdie einste kÄya: ‘Hierdie kÄya is ook van so ‘n
aard, dit is gaan so word en is nie vry van so ‘n toestand nie. ‘
Dus
woon hy waar hy kÄya in kÄya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kÄya
in eksterne kÄya waarneem, of hy woon kÄya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kÄya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kÄya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kÄya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ādit
is kÄya!ā sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en
blote paį¹issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya waarneem.
(9)
Verder,
bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, weggooi in ‘n akkergrond,
vrot bene verminder tot poeier, beskou hy hierdie baie kÄya: ‘Hierdie
kÄya is ook van so ‘n aard, dit gaan word so, en is nie vry van so ‘n
toestand nie. ‘
Dus woon hy waar hy kÄya in kÄya inwendig
waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kÄya in eksterne kÄya waarneem, of hy woon
kÄya intern en ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van
verskynsels in kÄya waarneem, of hy woon die deurloop van verskynsels in
kÄya, of hy woon die samudaya waar en gaan die verskynsels in kÄya weg;
of anders, [besef:] ādit is kÄya!ā sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in
die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en blote paį¹issati, hy woon losstaande en hou
nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya
in kÄya waarneem.
inleiding
Watter
vier? Hier woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya, ÄtÄpÄ«
sampajÄno, satimÄ, waar hy die abhijjhÄ-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld
opgegee het, opgee. Hy woon waar hy vedanÄ in vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno,
satimÄ waarneem, terwyl hy abhijjhÄ-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld prysgegee
het. Hy woon waar hy sitta in citta, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ, waar hy
die abhijjhÄ-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld opgegee het. Hy woon waar hy
dhamma’s in dhamma’s, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ waarneem, terwyl hy
abhijjhÄ-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld prysgegee het.
Dus woon hy
waar hy vedanÄ in vedanÄ intern waarneem, of hy woon waar hy vedanÄ in
ekstern in vedanÄ waarneem, of hy woon vedanÄ in vedanÄ intern en
ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in vedanÄ
waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels in vedanÄ, of hy
woon die samudaya waar en die verskynsels in vedanÄ verbygaan; of
anders, [besef:] ādit is vedanÄ!ā sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die
mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en blote paį¹issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie
vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, wat vedanÄ in
vedanÄ waarneem.
(The Mirror of the Dhamma)
Ek sal die
gesprek oor die Dhamma, wat DhammÄdÄsa genoem word, uiteensit, waarvan
die ariyasÄvaka, indien hy so begeer, van homself kan verklaar: ‘Vir my
is daar geen meer niraya, geen tiracchÄna-yoni meer, geen pettivisaya
meer nie, nee meer toestand van ongelukkigheid, van ongeluk, van
ellende, ek is ‘n sotÄpanna, van nature vry van toestande van ellende,
seker dat ek bestem is vir sambodhi.
En wat is die diskoers oor
die Dhamma, wat DhammÄdÄsa genoem word, Änanda, waarvan die ariyasÄvaka,
as hy so begeer, van homself kan verklaar: ‘Vir my is daar geen meer
niraya, geen tiracchÄna-yoni meer nie, ook nie meer nie pettivisaya, nie
meer staat van ongelukkigheid, van ongeluk, van ellende nie, ek is ‘n
sotÄpanna, van nature vry van toestande van ellende, seker dat ek bestem
is vir sambodhi?
Hier, andananda, word ‘n ariyasÄvaka toegerus met Boeddhe aveccappasÄda:
IV. Waarneming van Dhammas
A. Afdeling oor die NÄ«varaį¹as
En
bhikkhus, hoe woon ‘n bhikkhu dammas in dhammas waar? Hier, bhikkhus,
woon ‘n bhikkhu waar hy dhammas in dhammas waarneem met verwysing na die
vyf nÄ«varaį¹as. En verder, bhikkhus, hoe woon ‘n bhikkhu waar hy dhammas
in dhammas waarneem met verwysing na die vyf nÄ«varaį¹as?
Hier
verstaan āābhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar daar kÄmacchanda aanwesig is, en
verstaan: “daar is kÄmacchanda in my”; omdat daar nie kÄmacchanda
teenwoordig is nie, verstaan āāhy: “daar is geen kÄmacchanda in my nie”;
hy verstaan āāhoe die ongeĆ«riemeerde kÄmacchanda ontstaan; hy verstaan
āāhoe die ontstaan āākÄmacchanda laat vaar word; en hy verstaan āāhoe
die verlate kÄmacchanda nie in die toekoms ontstaan āānie.
Hier
verstaan āābhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, omdat daar byÄpÄda binne-in teenwoordig
is: “daar is byÄpÄda in my”; dat daar geen byÄpÄda binne-in die
teenwoordigheid is nie, verstaan āāhy: “daar is geen byÄpÄda in my nie”;
hy verstaan āāhoe die onopgemerkte byÄpÄda ontstaan; hy verstaan āāhoe
die ontstaan āādeurÄpÄda laat vaar word; en hy verstaan āāhoe die
verlate byÄpÄda nie in die toekoms ontstaan āānie.
Hier verstaan
āābhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, omdat daar thÄ«namiddhÄ teenwoordig is binne:
‘daar is thÄ«namiddhÄ in my’; daar nie thÄ«namiddhÄ teenwoordig is nie,
verstaan āāhy: “daar is geen thÄ«namiddhÄ in my nie”; hy verstaan āāhoe
die ongeĆ«isste thÄ«namiddhÄ ontstaan; hy verstaan āāhoe die ontstaan
āāThÄ«namiddhÄ laat vaar word; en hy verstaan āāhoe die verlate
thÄ«namiddhÄ nie in die toekoms ontstaan āānie.
Hier verstaan
āābhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu; daar is uddhacca-kukkucca binne-in, en verstaan:
“daar is uddhacca-kukkucca in my”; daar geen uddhacca-kukkucca binne-in
is nie, verstaan āāhy: “daar is geen uddhacca-kukkucca in my nie”; hy
verstaan āāhoe die onopgevoede uddhacca-kukkucca ontstaan; hy verstaan
āāhoe die ontstaan āāuddhacca-kukkucca laat vaar word; en hy verstaan
āāhoe die verlate uddhacca-kukkucca nie in die toekoms ontstaan āānie
Hier
verstaan āābhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, omdat daar vicikicchÄ teenwoordig is
binne: “daar is vicikicchÄ in my”; dat daar nie vicikicchÄ binne-in
teenwoordig is nie, verstaan āāhy: “daar is geen vicikicchÄ in my nie”;
hy verstaan āāhoe die onge-arseerde vicikicchÄ ontstaan; hy verstaan
āāhoe die ontstaan āāvicikicchÄ laat vaar word; en hy verstaan āāhoe die
verlate vicikicchÄ nie in die toekoms ontstaan āānie.
B. Afdeling oor die Khandhas
En verder woon
bhikkhus in ‘n bhikkhu wat dhammas in dhammas waarneem met verwysing na
die vyf khandhas. En bhikkhus, hoe woon ‘n bhikkhu dhammas in dhammas
met betrekking tot die vyf khandha’s?
Hier, bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu
[onderskeidings]: “so is rÅ«pa, so is die samudaya van rÅ«pa, so is die
sterfte van rÅ«pa; so is vedanÄ, so is die samudaya van vedanÄ, so is die
verbygaan van vedanÄ; so is saƱƱÄ, so is die samudaya van saƱƱÄ, so is
die afsterwe van saƱƱÄ; so is saį¹
khÄra, so is die samudaya van saį¹
khÄra,
so is die afsterwe van saį¹
khÄra; so is viƱƱÄį¹a, so is die samudaya van
saį¹
khÄra, so is die afsterwe van saį¹
khÄra; die afsterwe van viƱƱÄį¹a ā.
Dus
woon hy waar hy dhammas in die binnekant van dhammas waarneem, of hy
woon dammas in dhammas uitwendig waar, of hy woon dhammas in die
binneste en uitwendig waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels
in dhammas waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels in
dhammas, of hy woon waar hy die samudaya waarneem en verbygaan van
verskynsels in dhammas; of anders, [besef:] “dit is dammas!” sati is in
hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en blote paį¹issati, hy
woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n
bhikkhu, waar hy dhammas in dhammas waarneem, met verwysing na die vyf
khandhas.
D. Afdeling oor die Bojjhaį¹ gas
En verder woon
bhikkhus in ‘n bhikkhu wat dhammas in dhammas waarneem met verwysing na
die sewe bojjhaį¹
gas. En verder, bhikkhus, hoe woon ‘n bhikkhu waar hy
dhammas in dhammas waarneem met verwysing na die sewe bojjhaį¹
gas?
Hier
verstaan āābhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, daar die sati sambojjhaį¹
ga binne-in:
“daar is die sati sambojjhaį¹
ga in my”; daar nie ‘n sati-sambojjhaį¹
ga is
nie, verstaan āāhy: “daar is geen sati-sambojjhaį¹
ga in my nie”; hy
verstaan āāhoe die ongeĆ«rfde sati sambojjhaį¹
ga ontstaan; hy verstaan
āāhoe die ontstaan āāsati sambojjhaį¹
ga tot volmaaktheid ontwikkel word.
Daar
die dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹
ga aanwesig is, verstaan āāhy: “daar is die
dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹
ga in my”; omdat daar nie die dhammavicaya
sambojjhaį¹
ga aanwesig is nie, verstaan āāhy: “daar is geen dhammavicaya
sambojjhaį¹
ga in my nie”; hy verstaan āāhoe die ongeĆ«rfde dhammavicaya
sambojjhaį¹
ga ontstaan; hy verstaan āāhoe die ontstaan āādhammavicaya
sambojjhaį¹
ga tot volmaaktheid ontwikkel is.
Daar die vīriya
sambojjhaį¹
ga aanwesig is, verstaan āāhy: “daar is die vÄ«riya
sambojjhaį¹
ga in my”; omdat daar nie die vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹
ga teenwoordig
is nie, verstaan āāhy: “daar is geen vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹
ga in my nie”; hy
verstaan āāhoe die ongeĆ«rfde vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹
ga ontstaan; hy verstaan
āāhoe die ontstaan āāvÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹
ga tot volmaaktheid ontwikkel is.
Daar
die pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹
ga aanwesig is, verstaan āāhy: “daar is die pÄ«ti
sambojjhaį¹
ga in my”; daar nie ‘n pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹
ga aanwesig is nie,
verstaan āāhy: “daar is geen pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹
ga in my nie”; hy verstaan
āāhoe die onopgeloste pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹
ga ontstaan; hy verstaan āāhoe die
ontstaan āāpÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹
ga tot volmaaktheid ontwikkel is. Daar die
passaddhi sambojjhaį¹
ga aanwesig is, verstaan āāhy: “daar is die
passaddhi sambojjhaį¹
ga in my”; daar nie ‘n passaddhi sambojjhaį¹
ga is
nie, verstaan āāhy: “daar is geen passaddhi sambojjhaį¹
ga in my nie”; hy
verstaan āāhoe die ongeĆ«rfde passaddhi sambojjhaį¹
ga ontstaan; hy
verstaan āāhoe die ontstaan āāpassaddhi sambojjhaį¹
ga tot volmaaktheid
ontwikkel is.
Daar die samÄdhi sambojjhaį¹
ga binne is, verstaan
āāhy: “daar is die samÄdhi sambojjhaį¹
ga in my”; dat daar nie die samÄdhi
sambojjhaį¹
ga binne-in is nie, verstaan āāhy: “daar is geen samÄdhi
sambojjhaį¹
ga in my nie” hy verstaan āāhoe die ongeĆ«rfde samÄdhi
sambojjhaį¹
ga ontstaan; hy verstaan āāhoe die ontstaan āāsamÄdhi
sambojjhaį¹
ga tot volmaaktheid ontwikkel is.
Dus woon hy waar hy dhammas in die binnekant van
dhammas waarneem, of hy woon dammas in dhammas uitwendig waar, of hy
woon dhammas in die binneste en uitwendig waar; hy woon waar hy die
samudaya van verskynsels in dhammas waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe
van verskynsels in dhammas, of hy woon waar hy die samudaya waarneem en
verbygaan van verskynsels in dhammas; of anders, [besef:] “dit is
dammas!” sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en
blote paį¹issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, wat dhammas in dhammas waarneem, met
verwysing na die sewe bojjhaį¹
gas.
E. Afdeling oor die waarhede
En
verder woon bhikkhus in ‘n bhikkhu wat dhammas in dhammas waarneem met
verwysing na die vier Ariasakka’s. En bhikkhus, hoe woon ‘n bhikkhu
dhammas in dhammas met betrekking tot die vier Ariasakka’s?
E1. Uiteensetting van Dukkhasacca
En
wat, bhikkhus, is die dukkha ariyasacca? JÄti is dukkha, veroudering is
dukkha (siekte is dukkha) maraį¹a is dukkha, hartseer, klaagliedere,
dukkha, domanassa en nood is dukkha, assosiasie met wat nie van gehou
word nie is dukkha, dissosiasie van wat gehou word is dukkha, nie om te
kry wat ‘n mens wil hĆŖ nie is dukkha; in kort, die vyf upÄdÄna Ā· k Ā·
khandhas is dukkha.
En wat, bhikkhus, is jati? Vir die
verskillende wesens in die verskillende klasse van wesens, jÄti, die
geboorte, die afkoms [in die baarmoeder], die ontstaan āā[in die
wĆŖreld], die voorkoms, die verskyning van die khandhas, die verkryging
van die Äyatanas. Dit, bhikkhus, word jÄti genoem.
En wat,
bhikkhus, is jarÄ? Vir die verskillende wesens in die verskillende
klasse van wesens, jarÄ, die toestand van verval, die gebreekte tande,
die grys hare, die gekreukel, die agteruitgang van die lewenskrag, die
verval van die indriya’s: dit, bhikkhus, word jarÄ genoem.
En
wat, bhikkhus, is maraį¹a? Vir die verskillende wesens in die
verskillende klasse van wesens, die dood, die toestand van verskuiwing
[uit die bestaan], die opbreek, die verdwyning, die dood, maraį¹a, die
afsterwe, die opbreek van die khandha’s, die neerlĆŖ van die lyk:
hierdie, bhikkhus, word maraį¹a genoem.
En wat, bhikkhus, is
hartseer? In een, bhikkhus, geassosieer met verskillende soorte
ongelukkigheid, aangeraak deur verskillende soorte dukkha dhammas, die
mossie, die rou, die toestand van droefheid, die innerlike hartseer, die
innerlike groot verdriet: dit, bhikkhus, word hartseer genoem.
En
wat, bhikkhus, is klaagliedere? In een, bhikkhus, geassosieer met
verskillende soorte ongelukkigheid, aangeraak deur verskillende soorte
dukkha dhammas, die geskreeu, die klaagliedere, die geween, die geween,
die toestand van die huil, die staat van klaagliedere: hierdie,
bhikkhus, word klaaglied genoem.
En wat, bhikkhus, is dukkha? Hoe
dan ook, bhikkhus, liggaamlike dukkha, liggaamlike onaangenaamheid,
dukkha wat veroorsaak word deur liggaamlike kontak, onaangename
vedayitas: dit, bhikkhus, word dukkha genoem.
En wat, bhikkhus,
is domanassa? Hoe dit ook al sy, bhikkhus, geestelike dukkha, geestelike
onaangenaamheid, dukkha gepaard met geestelike kontak, onaangename
vedayitas: dit, bhikkhus, word domanassa genoem.
En wat,
bhikkhus, is wanhoop? In een, bhikkhus, geassosieer met verskillende
soorte ongelukkigheid, aangeraak deur verskillende soorte dukkha
dhammas, die moeilikheid, die wanhoop, die toestand van probleme, die
toestand van wanhoop: hierdie, bhikkhus, word wanhoop genoem.
En
wat, bhikkhus, is die dukkha om geassosieer te word met dit wat nie
saamstem nie? Wat die vorme, geluide, smake, reuke, liggaamsverskynsels
en geestesverskynsels betref, is daar onplezierige, nie aangename,
onaangename dinge nie, of anders diegene wat ‘n nadeel wil hĆŖ, diegene
wat verlies verlang, diegene wat ‘n ongemak verlang, wat ‘n mens se
nie-bevryding verlang van gehegtheid, ontmoeting, verbondenheid,
saamwees en ontmoeting met hulle: hierdie, bhikkhus, word die dukkha
genoem van assosiasie met dit wat nie saamstem nie.
En wat,
bhikkhus, is die dukkha om los te maak van wat aangenaam is? Hier is die
vorme, geluide, smake, reuke, liggaamlike verskynsels en geestelike
verskynsels wat aangenaam, aangenaam, aangenaam is, of anders diegene
wat die voordeel van hulle wil hĆŖ, diegene wat voordeel trek, diegene
wat gemak wil hĆŖ; verlang na ‘n mens se bevryding van gehegtheid, nie
ontmoet nie, nie gekoppel word nie, nie saam wees nie, hulle nie teƫkom
nie: hierdie, bhikkhus, word die dukkha genoem van die dissosie van dit
wat aangenaam is.
Die
vedanÄ wat uit die oog-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam
en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as hy opstaan, ontstaan, daar as hy gaan
vestig, vestig dit. Die vedanÄ wat uit ear-samphassa in die wĆŖreld
gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar ta ,hÄ, as dit opstaan,
ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die vedanÄ wat uit die
neus-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹hÄ, as hy opstaan, ontstaan, daar as hy gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die
vedanÄ wat uit die tong-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam
en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit
gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die vedanÄ gebore uit kÄya-samphassa in die
wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan,
daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die vedanÄ wat uit die wĆŖreld van
mana-samphassa gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as dit
opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.
Die saƱƱÄ
van sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ,
as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
saĆ±Ć±Ä van klanke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ,
as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
saĆ±Ć±Ä van reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar ta ,hÄ,
as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
smaaklike smaak in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die saƱƱÄ
van liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.
Die saĆ±Ć±Ä van Dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.
Die
bedoeling [verwant aan] sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan
vestig, vestig dit. Die bedoeling [verwant aan] klanke in die wĆŖreld is
aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar
wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die bedoeling [met betrekking tot]
reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as dit
opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
bedoeling [verwant aan] smake in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam;
daar taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan
dit lĆŖ. Die bedoeling [verwant aan] liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld
is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar
wanneer dit gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die bedoeling [verwant aan] dhammas
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan,
ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.
Die taį¹hÄ vir
sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die
taį¹hÄ vir klanke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, kom dit af. Die
taį¹hÄ vir reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
taį¹hÄ vir smake in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, kom dit af. Die taį¹hÄ
vir liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit
lĆŖ. Die taį¹hÄ vir dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.
Die
vicÄra van sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, vestig
dit. Die vicÄra van klanke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit
lĆŖ. Die vicÄra van reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit
lĆŖ. Die verskillende smaak in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ.
Die vicÄra van liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan
vestig, vestig dit. Die vicÄra van dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam, daar taį¹hÄ, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan
vestig, vestig dit. Dit word bhikkhus, die dukkha Ā· samudaya ariyasacca
genoem.
En
wat, bhikkhus, is die dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Dit is hierdie taį¹hÄ
wat lei tot wedergeboorte, gekoppel aan begeerte en genot, en hier of
daar ‘n vreugde vind, dit wil sĆŖ: kÄma-taį¹hÄ, bhava-taį¹hÄ en
vibhava-taį¹hÄ. Maar hierdie taį¹hÄ, bhikkhus, wanneer dit verlate is,
waar word dit laat vaar, en wanneer dit ophou, waar hou dit op? In die
wĆŖreld wat aangenaam en aangenaam lyk, is dit hier waar taį¹hÄ, as dit
verlate is, laat vaar word, en wanneer dit ophou.
En wat in die
wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam? Die oog in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar is taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou,
dit stop. Die oor in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar is
taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, dit stop. Die
neus in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit
verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, hou dit op. Die tong in die
wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is,
verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. KÄya in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam, daar is taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou,
dit stop. Mana in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ,
as hy verlate is, verlate, daar as hy ophou, dit stop.
Sigbare
vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit
verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Klanke in die wĆŖreld
is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate,
daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit
ophou, dit stop. Proe in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹hÄ, as dit verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit opgehou.
Liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹hÄ, as dit verlaat word, verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, dit
opgehou. Dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop.
Die
oog-viƱƱÄį¹a in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar is taį¹hÄ, as
dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die oor-viƱƱÄį¹a in
die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar is taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate,
verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die neus-viƱƱÄį¹a in die wĆŖreld is
aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate, verlate, daar
as dit ophou, dit opgehou. Die tong-viƱƱÄį¹a in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam
en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit
ophou, dit opgehou. KÄya-viƱƱÄį¹a in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar is taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou,
dit stop. Mana-viƱƱÄį¹a in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit opgehou.
Die
oog-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹hÄ, as
dit verlate is, word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die
oor-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹hÄ, as
dit verlate is, word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die
neus-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹hÄ, as
dit verlate is, word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die
tong-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹hÄ, as
dit verlate is, word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop.
KÄya-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar word taį¹hÄ,
as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Mana-samphassa
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is,
word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop.
Die vedanÄ wat uit
die oog-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam;
daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop
dit. Die vedanÄ wat uit oor-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is
aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate,
daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die vedanÄ wat uit die neus-samphassa in
die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit
verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die vedanÄ wat uit
die tong-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam;
daar is taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die
vedanÄ wat uit die wĆŖreld van kÄya-samphassa gebore is, is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit
ophou, stop dit. Die vedanÄ wat uit die wĆŖreld van mana-samphassa gebore
is, is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is,
verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit.
Die bedoeling [verwant aan] sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is
aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate, verlate, daar
as dit ophou, dit gestaak. Die bedoeling [met betrekking tot] klanke in
die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹hÄ, as dit verlaat word,
word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die bedoeling [met betrekking
tot] reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as
dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit ophou. Die bedoeling
[verwant aan] smake in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die
bedoeling [verwant aan] liggaamlike verskynsels in die wĆŖreld is
aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlaat word, verlate,
daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die voorneme [verwant aan] dhammas in die
wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlaat word,
verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit.
Die taį¹hÄ vir sigbare vorms
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit
verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die taį¹hÄ vir klanke
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit
verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die taį¹hÄ vir reuke in
die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlaat
word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die taį¹hÄ vir smake in die
wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlaat word,
verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die taį¹hÄ vir liggaamsverskynsels
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taÄhÄ, as dit verlaat
word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die taį¹hÄ vir dhammas in
die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlaat
word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit.
Die vitakka van
sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar word taį¹hÄ,
as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die vitakka van
klanke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit
verlate is, verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, dit stop. Die vitakka van
reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit
verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die vitakka van smaak
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate
is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die vitakka van
liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹hÄ, as dit verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die
vitakka van dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit.
Die
vicÄra van sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar
word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, stop
dit. Die vicÄra van klanke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar
taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, word verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, dit
stop. Die omhulsel van reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam,
daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop
dit. Die vicÄra van smake in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, dit
stop. Die vicÄra van liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit
ophou, stop dit. Die vicÄra van dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar word taį¹hÄ, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit
ophou, stop dit. Dit word bhikkhus, die dukkha Ā· nirodha ariyasacca
genoem.
E4. Uiteensetting van Maggasacca
En wat,
bhikkhus, is die dukkha Ā· nirodha Ā· gÄminÄ« paį¹ipadÄ ariyasacca? Dit is
net hierdie ariya aį¹į¹haį¹
gika magga, dit wil sĆŖ sammÄdiį¹į¹hi,
sammÄsaį¹
kappo, sammÄvÄcÄ, sammÄkammanto, sammÄ-ÄjÄ«vo, sammÄvÄyÄmo,
sammÄsati en sammÄsamÄdhi.
En wat, bhikkhus, is sammÄdiį¹į¹hi? Dit,
bhikkhus, wat die ƱÄį¹a van dukkha is, die ƱÄį¹a van dukkha-samudaya, die
ƱÄį¹a van dukkha-nirodha en die ƱÄį¹a van dukkha-nirodha-gÄmini paį¹ipada,
dit word bhikkhus, sammÄdiį¹į¹hi genoem.
En wat, bhikkhus, is
sammÄsaį¹
kappas? Diegene, bhikkhus, wat saį¹
kappas of nekkhamma is,
saį¹
kappas of abyÄpÄda, saį¹
kappas of avihiį¹sÄ, dit word genoem, bhikkhus,
sammÄsaį¹
kappas.
En wat,
bhikkhus, is sammÄ-kammanta? Dit, bhikkhus, wat hom van pÄį¹ÄtipÄta
onthou, van adinnÄdÄna onthou, van abrahmacariya, wat genoem word,
bhikkhus, sammÄ-kammanta, onthou.
En wat, bhikkhus, is
sammÄ-ÄjÄ«va? Hier ondersteun bhikkhus, ‘n edele dissipel, wat die
verkeerde bestaan āālaat vaar het, sy lewe met regte lewensmiddele, dit
wil sĆŖ bhikkhus, sammÄ-jÄ«va.
En wat, bhikkhus, is sammÄvÄyÄma?
Hier, bhikkhus, genereer ‘n bhikkhu sy chanda vir die nie-ontstaan āāvan
ongerigte pÄpaka en akusala dhammas; hy oefen homself uit, wek sy
viriya, pas sy sitta kragtig toe en streef; hy genereer sy chanda vir
die versaaking van ontstane pÄpaka en akusala dhammas, hy oefen homself
uit, wek sy viriya, pas sy sitta kragtig toe en streef; hy genereer sy
chanda vir die ontstaan āāvan ongeĆ«rfde kusala dhammas, hy oefen homself
uit, wek sy viriya, pas sy sitta kragtig toe en streef; hy genereer sy
chanda vir die standvastigheid van ontstane kusala dhammas, vir hul
afwesigheid van verwarring, vir hul toename, hul ontwikkeling, hul
verbouing en die voltooiing daarvan. Dit word bhikkhus, sammÄvÄyÄma
genoem.
‘N Wat, wel, is sammÄsati? Hier woon bhikkhus, ‘n
bhikkhu, waar hy kÄya in kÄya, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ, waar hy die
abhijjhÄ-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld opgegee het, opgee. Hy woon waar hy
vedanÄ in vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ waarneem, terwyl hy
abhijjhÄ-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld prysgegee het. Hy woon waar hy sitta
in citta, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ, waar hy die abhijjhÄ-domanassa teen
die wĆŖreld opgegee het. Hy woon waar hy dhamma’s in dhamma’s, ÄtÄpÄ«
sampajÄno, satimÄ waarneem, terwyl hy abhijjhÄ-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld
prysgegee het. Dit word bhikkhus, sammÄsati genoem.
En wat,
bhikkhus, is sammÄsamÄdhi? Hier, bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, losgemaak van
kÄma, losgemaak van akusala dhammas, het die eerste jhÄna binnegekom, en
daarin gebly, met vitakka en vicÄra, met pti en sukha gebore uit
loslating. Met die stilmaking van vitakka-vicÄra, nadat hy in die tweede
jhÄna ingegaan het, bly hy daarin met innerlike tanquilization,
vereniging van citta, sonder vitakka of vicÄra, met pti en sukha gebore
uit samÄdhi. En met onverskilligheid teenoor pÄ«ti, bly hy in upekkha,
sato en sampajÄno, ervaar hy in kÄya die suka wat die ariyas beskryf:
‘een wat gelykwaardig en bedagsaam is, woon in [hierdie] sukha’, nadat
hy in die derde jhana ingegaan het, bly hy daarin. Hy het sukha verlaat
en dukkha, somanassa en domanassa wat voorheen verdwyn het, sonder sukha
of dukkha, met die suiwerheid van upekkha en sati laat vaar, en hy het
in die vierde jhana ingegaan en bly daarin. Dit word bhikkhus,
sammÄsamÄdhi genoem.
Dit word bhikkhus, die dukkha Ā· nirodha Ā· gÄminÄ« paį¹ipadÄ ariyasacca genoem.
Dus
woon hy waar hy dhammas in die binnekant van dhammas waarneem, of hy
woon dammas in dhammas uitwendig waar, of hy woon dhammas in die
binneste en uitwendig waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels
in dhammas waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels in
dhammas, of hy woon waar hy die samudaya waarneem en verbygaan van
verskynsels in dhammas; of anders, [besef:] “dit is dammas!” sati is in
hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote ƱÄį¹a en blote paį¹issati, hy
woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n
bhikkhu, waar hy dhammas in dhammas waarneem, met verwysing na die vier
Ariasakka’s.
Die voordele verbonde aan die beoefening van die Satipaį¹į¹hÄnas
Vir
elkeen, wat bhikkhus is, hierdie vier satipaį¹į¹hÄnas sewe jaar lank op
hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een van die twee resultate verwag word:
of [perfekte] kennis in sigbare verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly,
anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan āānog sewe jaar, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen,
bhikkhus, wat hierdie vier satipaį¹į¹hÄnas gedurende ses jaar op hierdie
manier sou beoefen, kan een van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f
[perfekte] kennis in sigbare verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly,
anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan āānog ses jaar, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, wat
bhikkhus is, hierdie vier satipaį¹į¹hÄnas vyf jaar lank op hierdie manier
sou beoefen, kan een van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte]
kennis in sigbare verskynsels, Ć³f as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat
staan āānog vyf jaar, bhikkhus. Vir wie ook al, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaÄhÄnas gedurende vier jaar op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: of [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan
āānog vier jaar, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹į¹hÄnas drie jaar lank op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een van
die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [volmaakte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, Ć³f as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan
āānog twee jaar, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, wat bhikkhus is, hierdie vier
satipaį¹į¹hÄnas gedurende een jaar op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, Ć³f as daar nog ‘n klem oorbly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan
āānog een jaar, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, wat bhikkhus is, hierdie vier
satipaį¹į¹hÄnas sewe maande lank op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: of [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan
āānog sewe maande, bhikkhus. Vir wie ook al, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹į¹hÄnas gedurende ses maande op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan
een van die twee resultate verwag word: of [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan
āānog ses maande, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, wat bhikkhus is, hierdie vier
satipaį¹į¹hÄnas vyf maande lank op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een van
die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan
āānog vyf maande, bhikkhus. Vir wie ook al, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹į¹hÄnas gedurende vier maande op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan
een van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem oorbly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan
āānog vier maande, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹į¹hÄnas drie maande lank op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan
āānog drie maande, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹į¹hÄnas gedurende twee maande op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan
een van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan
āānog twee maande, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹į¹hÄnas gedurende een maand op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [volmaakte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem oorbly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan
āānog een maand, bhikkhus. Vir wie ook al, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹į¹hÄnas op ‘n halwe maand op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [volmaakte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anÄgÄmita.
Laat staan
āānog ‘n halwe maand, bhikkhus. Vir wie ook al, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹į¹hÄnas gedurende ‘n week op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: of [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem oorbly, anÄgÄmita.
‘Dit,
bhikkhus, is die pad wat lei tot niks anders nie as die suiwering van
wesens, die oorkom van hartseer en klaagliedere, die verdwyning van
dukkha-domanassa, die bereiking van die regte weg, die verwesenliking
van NibbÄna, dit wil sĆŖ die vier satipaį¹į¹hÄnas. ” So is dit gesĆŖ, en op
grond van dit alles is gesĆŖ.
So het die BhagavÄ gepraat. Verheug, verwelkom die bhikkhus die woorde van die BhagavÄ.
COVID-19-sameswering beweer, maar die oorsprong van virusse is steeds ‘n raaisel.
Daar was steeds geen afdoende antwoorde oor waar die siekte begin het nie.
SARS-CoV-2,
nou verantwoordelik vir meer as 200,000 sterftes wĆŖreldwyd, is
gesintetiseer deur die Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), gebaseer in
die stad waar die siekte die eerste keer geĆÆdentifiseer is.
https://srv1.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
Laas opgedateer: 17 Julie 2020, 02:36 GMT
Coronavirusgevalle:
13946603
Sterftes:
592677
Verhaal: 8277741
https://srv1.worldometers.info/
WĆŖreldbevolking
7,798,553,490 Huidige wĆŖreldbevolking
76.123.653 Geboortes hierdie jaar
131,760 Geboortes vandag
31.958.533Deaths hierdie jaar
55,316 Deaths vandag
44.165.120 Nie-bevolkingsgroei hierdie jaar
76.444 Netto bevolkingsgroei vandag
Regering en ekonomie
$ 5.192.466.065 Publieke uitgawes vir gesondheidsorg vandag
$ 3.548.995.172 Besteding aan openbare onderwys vandag
$ 1.611.124.159 Publieke militĆŖre uitgawes vandag
42.884.658Motors is vanjaar geproduseer
81.989.984 Fietse is vanjaar geproduseer
135.760.558 rekenaars het vanjaar geproduseer
Samelewing en media
1.457.662Nuwe boektitels wat hierdie jaar uitgegee is
163.340.023 Koerante is vandag versprei
229.277 TV-stelle word vandag wĆŖreldwyd verkoop
2.240.960 sellulĆŖre telefone word vandag verkoop
$ 100.275.383 dollar betaal vandag aan videospeletjies
4,619,703,472 Internasionale gebruikers in die wĆŖreld vandag
90.357.660.785 E-posse wat vandag gestuur is
2,396,843 Blogplasings wat vandag geskryf is
268.553.966Tweets vandag gestuur
2,500,303,980Google-soektogte vandag
2,825,868Beste verlies hierdie jaar (hektaar)
3,804,383Land verloor vanjaar aan gronderosie (ha)
19.652.859.759 CO2-uitstoot hierdie jaar (ton)
6.520.576 Verklaring hierdie jaar (hektaar)
5.320.996 Giftige chemikalieƫ vrygestel
hierdie jaar in die omgewing (ton)
Kos
844.519.000 Ondervoede mense in die wĆŖreld
1,696,161,168Oorgewig mense in die wĆŖreld
761,167,227Obese mense ter wĆŖreld
10.518 Mense wat vandag aan honger gesterf het
199.430.793 dollar betaal vir vetsugverwante
siektes in die VSA vandag
65,018,111 dollar betaal aan gewigsverlies
programme in die VSA vandag
water
2.372.518.690Water gebruik hierdie jaar (miljoen L)
457.554 Dowe veroorsaak deur waterverwante
siektes hierdie jaar
799.492.609 Mense met geen toegang tot nie
‘n veilige drinkwaterbron
energie
160.528.292Energie wat vandag gebruik word (MWh), waarvan:
136.650.747- van nie-hernubare bronne (MWh)
24.174.161 - van hernubare bronne (MWh)
1.005.878.258.909 Sonne-energie tref die aarde vandag (MWh)
32.924.317 olie vandag gepomp (vate)
1.502.788.411.753 Olie oor (vate)
15.672 Dae tot die einde van olie (~ 43 jaar)
1.094.735.942.077 Natuurlike gas links (boe)
57.618Dae tot die einde van aardgas
4,314,796,711,536Kool links (boe)
148,786 Dae tot die einde van steenkool
gesondheid
7.053.532 sterftes aan oordraagbare siektes hierdie jaar
264.983 Jaarlikse sterftes as gevolg van griep
4,129,984 sterfkinders van kinders onder 5 hierdie jaar
23.110.679 Aborsies hierdie jaar
167.941 Sterftes van moeders tydens geboorte hierdie jaar
41.948.645 MIV / VIGS-besmette mense
913.395 sterftes wat vanjaar deur MIV / VIGS veroorsaak is
4,462,439 sterftes wat vanjaar deur kanker veroorsaak is
532.956 sterftes wat vanjaar deur malaria veroorsaak is
5.206.016.760 Sigarette word vandag gerook
2,716,193 Lyfies word vanjaar veroorsaak deur rook
1.358.953 sterftes wat deur alkohol veroorsaak word
582.653 Onkruiddoders hierdie jaar
217.363.951.862 dollar spandeer hierdie jaar aan onwettige dwelmmiddels
733,458 Laai hierdie jaar sterftes in verkeersongelukke
GEBOORTE,
OUDERDOM, SIEKTE, SIEKTE, DOOD IS VEILIGHEID Mag almal gelukkig, wel en
veilig wees! Mag almal kalm, stil, waaksaam, oplettend en gelykheid
wees met ‘n duidelike begrip dat alles verander!
Mag almal wat gesterf het, die ewige saligheid as einddoel bereik en in vrede rus
terwyl
hulle die volgende oorspronklike woorde van die Boeddha, die Mettiyya
Awakened One, met onrustigheid gevolg het: Lande en gebiede sonder enige
gevalle van COVID-19
1. Comore, 2. Noord-Korea, 3. Jemen, 4. Die
Federale State van Mikronesiƫ, 5. Kiribati, 6. Salomonseilande, 7. Die
Cookeilande, 8. Mikronesiƫ, 9. Tong, 10. Die Marshall-eilande Palau, 11.
Amerikaanse Samoa, 12. Suid-Georgiƫ, 13. Suid-Sandwich-eilande,
14.SaintHelena, Europa, 15. Aland-eilande, 16.Svalbard, 17. Jan
Mayen-eilande, 18. Latyns-Amerika, 19.Afrika, 20.Britse Indiese
Oseaan-gebied, 21 Franse suidelike gebiede, 22.Lesotho, 23.Oceania,
24.Christmas Island, 25. Cocos (Keeling) Eilande, 26. Heard Island, 27.
McDonald Eilande, 28. Niue, 29. Norfolk Island, 30. Pitcairn, 31.
Salomo-eilande, 32. Tokelau, 33. Klein buitelandse eilande van die
Verenigde State, 34. Wallis- en Futuna-eilande, 35. Tajikistan, 36.
Turkmenistan, 37. Tuvalu, 38. Vanuatu
terwyl hulle die oorspronklike woorde van die Boeddha Metteyya Awakened One met bewustheid volg:
Dhammacakkappavattana
Sutta1. Dasa raja dhamma, 2. kusala 3. Kuutadanta Sutta dana, 4.
priyavacana, 5. artha cariya, 6. samanatmata, 7. Samyutta Nikayaaryaor,
ariyasammutidev 8. Agganna Sutta, 9. Majjima Nikaya, 10. arya āofā ariy,
11.sammutideva, 12. Digha Nikaya, 13. Maha Sudassana,
14.Dittadhammikatthasamvattanika-dhamma, 15. Canon Sutta, 16. Pali Canon
en Suttapitaka, 17. Iddhipada, 18. Lokiyadhamma en Lokuttaradhamma, 19.
BrahmavihĆ ra, 20. Sangahavatthu, 21. Nathakaranadhamma, 22.
Saraniyadhamma, 23. Adhipateyya Dithadhammikattha, 24. dukkha, 25.
anicca, 26. Anatta, 27. Samsara, 28. Cakkamatti Sihananda Sutta,
29.Chandagati, 30.Dosagati, 31. Mohagati, 32.Bhayagati, 33.Yoniso
manasikara, 34. BrahmavihĆ raSangaha vatthu, 35. Nathakaranadhamma,
36.SaraniyadhammaAdhipateyya, 37. Dithadhammikatth38.Mara, 39.Law of
Kamma, 40. dhammamahamatras, 41.IV. Waarneming van Dhammas,
42.Assamedha, 43.Sassamedha, 44.Naramedha, 45.Purisamedha, 46.Sammapasa,
47.Vajapeyya, 48.Niraggala, 49.Sila, 50.Samadhi, 51.Panna,
52.Samma-sankappa, 53.Sigalovada Sutta, 54.Brahmajala Sutta, 55.Vasettha
Sutta in Majjhima Nikaya, 56. Ambattha Sutta in Digha Nikaya
Mag
almal gelukkig, wel en veilig wees! Mag almal lank lewe! Mag almal
rustig, stil, waaksaam, oplettend en gelykheid wees met ‘n duidelike
begrip dat alles verander!
Die salige, edele, ontwaakte een ā die tathagata
Gee mense tyd. Gee mense ruimte. Moet niemand smeek om te bly nie. Laat hulle dwaal. Wat vir u altyd bedoel is?https://tricycle.org/magazine/buddhist-food-cupcake/
Waar die Hunger Struggle van Word staan
Maį¹imÄkalai, āversierde gordel, gordel van juweleā
het ‘n magieAtchaya Pathiram ontvang
(bedelkom) wat altyd gevul word.
Akshaya pathram Manimegalai, die volgeling van Awakened One with Awareness, het gesĆŖ
‘Honger is die ergste soort siekte.’
‘Die hele geheim van bestaan āāis om nie bang te wees nie.’
Manimekalai
het die gevangenis in ‘n hospice omskep om behoeftiges te help, leer
die koning die dma van die Boeddha. In die laaste vyf kanto’s van die
epos sĆŖ Boeddhistiese onderwysers vier edelwaarhede, twaalf Nidanas en
ander idees aan haar.
Vrywilligers moet voltydse lede word om die
visie en strewe van sy geestelike Manimekala Akshya Pathram te vervul.
Moet toegewyd wees aan die saak tans en betrek by strategie, groei en
bestuur van Akshaya Patra.
Die reis tot dusver en wat die toekoms
inhou in die missie om honger na kinders en volwassenes in die wĆŖreld
te beƫindig. Tegnologie moet in massaproduksie gebruik word vir die
fantastiese resultate. Ander inisiatiewe van die Akshaya Patra moet
kinders en volwassenes met minderbevoorregte agtergronde help om hul
drome te verwesenlik.
Al die regerings regoor die wĆŖreld gee
geld vir die bestuur van Akshaya Patra en beveel al die waens wat deur
die departement, polisievoertuie gebruik word om voorraad, groente en
voedsel in eetbare kospakkies te voorsien totdat al die pakkies verwyder
is.
Die nuutste kombuise moet ‘n studieonderwerp word en nuuskierige besoekers van regoor die wĆŖreld lok.
Vennootskap
met die regerings regoor die wĆŖreld IndiĆ« en verskillende
staatsregerings, tesame met die volgehoue āāsteun van maatskappye,
individuele donateurs en welwillendes, moet Manimekali Akshya Pathram
help om miljoene minderbevoorregte kinders en volwassenes te bedien.
elke wakker oomblik word spandeer om kos te soek. Jou buik is weg en jou
ledemate is soos ‘n honger kind. U honger is onophoudelik en pynlik,
maar u keel is nie groter as die oog van ‘n naald nie. As u kos vind,
kan u dit nie sluk nie. Nie eers ‘n hap nie. Die honger duur voort, en u
soektog duur voort. Dit is die lot van pretas in die Boeddhistiese
tradisie - die honger spoke. Hierdie arme siele is op hierdie manier
wedergebore, omdat hulle in die vorige lewens gedryf is deur begeerte,
hebsug, woede en onkunde. Alhoewel u op ‘n gegewe dag ‘n paar van
hierdie kassies kan nagaan, moet u in Boeddhisme sulke onheilspellende
dinge neem om uit te eindig met so ‘n gemartelde bestaan āā- soos moord
pleeg in ‘n jaloerse woede. Dit is dus nie nodig om paniekerig te raak
nie. In baie Asiatiese kulture is dit ‘n tradisie om kos aan te bied vir
die honger spoke. Maar dit help nie regtig nie. Dit blyk dat hierdie
spoke nie regtig na kos soek nie. Of dit is hulle, maar hul soeke is
verkeerd gelei. Die honger na die spoke het niks met kos te doen nie, en
alles te make met wat hulle in hul vorige tyd op aarde gedoen het. Daar
is baie kos vir hulle, maar hulle kan dit nie eet nie. Soos elke
godsdienstige gelykenis, is hier ‘n belangrike les: dit is nie voedsel
wat hulle regtig nodig het nie. In die menslike wĆŖreld wil ons nog
steeds meer kos doen as om ons liggame te voed en ons honger te
bevredig. Ons wend ons tot kos in tye van groot vreugde en hartseer. As
iets wonderliks āāgebeur, vier ons dit met ‘n dinee. Ons drink
sjampanje, eet koek, smul aan lekker maaltye. Kos word deel van die
vreugde. En die teenoorgestelde is ook waar. Daar is ‘n lang tradisie om
kos te voorsien aan diegene wat treur. Ons gaan saam om maaltye te
voorsien aan vriende in ‘n krisis - u het miskien op ‘n sekere punt van u
lewe op ‘n sigblad of e-posadres aangemeld om maaltye te bring aan
iemand wat treur, iemand herstel, iemand sukkel. In tye van hartseer wil
ons instinktief troos op ‘n tasbare manier bied. En gereeld doen ons
dit met kos. Daar is voedsel daarvoor - die goeie tye en die slegte. En
dit maak in ‘n sekere sin sin. Dit is lekker om te gaan en ‘n verhoog,
‘n herdenking of ‘n gradeplegtigheid te vier. En dit voel goed dat as
mense regtig swaarkry, die laaste ding waaroor hulle hulle moet
bekommer, ‘n maaltyd saamstel. In hierdie oomblikke van tragedie of
triomf is kos ‘n waardige en welkome bondgenoot. Die probleem kom as ons
kos gebruik om onsself te troos en te beloon as die belangstelling baie
laer is. Uiteindelik het ek die kinders laat slaap, en nou kan ek die
koekies eet wat ek gesien het. Daardie groot byeenkoms vandag was ‘n
warboel, tyd vir ‘n groot glas wyn. Hierdie alledaagse hoogte- en
laagtepunte is uitdagend. Maar hulle is nie waardig vir groot hartseer
of groot viering nie. Of regtig kos.
Stel
jou voor dat jy die ete gaan eet om die wasmasjien reg te maak. Of om
‘n ete af te lewer aan ‘n vriend wat ‘n slegte sonbrand gehad het. Dit
klink belaglik. Maar ons gee onsself steeds minbelonings vir geringe
suksesse, en mini-gerief vir geringe irritasies - en dit hou dikwels kos
in. Ons sal nie vir ons ‘n vieringskoek koop nie, maar ons kan dalk ‘n
sny neem as daar in die yskas is. Of ons kan ‘n sak skyfies of ‘n koue
bier vind. Elkeen kan maklik etlike honderde kalorieƫ bevat. En nog
erger, dit is gewoonlik aan die einde van ‘n lang dag dat ons vind dat
ons hierdie beloning of gemak wil hĆŖ - die slegste moontlike tyd vir ons
liggame. Doen dit gereeld, en dit voeg vinnig by. Dit is natuurlik die
rede waarom ons dit doen. Kos is ‘n natuurlike beloning. Dink aan Ivan
Pavlov en sy studies oor klassieke kondisionering by honde - hy het
hulle opgelei met kos. Die gemakskos waarheen ons gewoonlik wend - diƩ
met stysel en suiker - is wetenskaplik bewys dat dit ons bui verbeter.
Het u al ooit gehoor dat iemand na ‘n baie aanloklike happie verwys soos
’soos kraak’? Eet van smaaklike kos lyk asof dit dieselfde dele van die
brein as verslawende middels aktiveer en selfs die vrystelling van
natuurlike opiate veroorsaak. Studies het getoon dat veral koolhidrate
die vrystelling van serotonien verhoog, die chemikalie in die liggaam
wat die bui verhoog. Hoe meer serotonien, hoe beter voel jy. Vetterige
kosse is dieselfde. Breinskanderings van deelnemers aan ‘n 2011-studie,
wat Ć³f ‘n oplossing van vetsure Ć³f ‘n soutoplossing via ‘n voedingsbuis
gekry het, het getoon dat diegene wat die vetsure gekry het, minder
aktiwiteit gehad het in die breinareas wat hartseer beheer het, selfs na
luister na āhartseer klassieke musiek.ā (Ja, mense het eintlik aan
hierdie studie deelgeneem ā met hartseer musiek en ‘n voedingsbuis.) Wat
is daar fout daarmee? Beter as die werklike kraak ten minste, nie waar
nie? Is dit nie ‘n goeie ding as kos regtig help met ons bui nie? Ja en
nee. Maar meestal nee. Onthou jy die honger spoke? Hulle kry ‘n bietjie
verligting as hulle die kos op hul tonge proe. Studie sĆŖ ons ook, en jy
is gelukkiger as die honger spoke, want jy kan ten minste jou sjokolade
insluk. Maar daardie verligting is tydelik. Die slegte dag hou nog aan,
versmoor deur die brownie, pretzel of muffin. En net soos die honger
spoke, soek jy nie regtig kos nie. Wat die spoke waarlik wil hĆŖ, is
verligting van die leemte wat geskep word deur begeerte, hebsug, woede
en onkunde - maar tog probeer hulle om daardie leƫ gevoel met kos te
vul, al werk dit nooit. Klink dit bekend? Nie net is die self-strelende
versnaperinge so strelend nie, maar as ons kos gebruik om die stres te
verlig en te verlig, gebruik ons āādit op ‘n tydstip waarop ons die
kalorieĆ« die minste kan bekostig. ‘N Onlangse studie van die Ohio State
University met 58 gesonde vroue van middeljarige ouderdom het aan die
lig gebring dat die ervaring van een of meer stresvolle gebeure die dag
voordat hulle ‘n enkele vetmaal geĆ«et het, hul metabolisme vertraag het.
En nie net ‘n bietjie nie - volgens die skrywers genoeg om “bykans 11
pond per jaar op te tel”. Stres blyk die liggaam te laat freak en aan
die kalorieĆ« vasklou, as hulle dink dat hulle dit later nodig sal hĆŖ.
Dit kan ‘n biologiese besmetting wees uit tye van hongersnood, of
wanneer ons nie so seker was wanneer ons ons volgende wollerige mammoet
sou spies nie. Wat ons ook al vandag benadruk - of ‘n siek geliefde, ‘n
sukkelende verhouding, ‘n finansiĆ«le las of ‘n slegte werk - waarskynlik
nie sal honger ly nie. Maar ons liggame het nie ontwikkel om die
verskil te ken nie. En dit word erger. Om te veel redes te veel lei tot
dieselfde negatiewe emosionele toestande wat dan meer ooreet veroorsaak.
‘N Studie van vroue met ‘n normale gewig en oorgewig in Duitsland het
bevind dat hulle hartseer, skaamte en angs ervaar het nadat hulle
hoƫ-kalorie-kosse geƫet het; die vroue wat oorgewig was, het die mees
emosionele reaksies gehad. Ons eet dus te veel as ons hartseer of
gespanne is, en raak dan hartseer en meer stres as ons te veel eet.
Tussendeur kry ons gewig, wat ook gepaard gaan met depressie en alles
erger maak. Dit is nog ‘n bose kringloop van “ooreet, gewigstoename en
depressiewe bui.”
ā¦ Uit Boeddha se dieet: The Ancient Art of Losing Weight without Lose Your Mind, deur Tara Cottrell en Dan Zigmond, Ā© 2016.
Herdruk
met toestemming van Running Press, ‘n afdruk van Perseus Books, ‘n
afdeling van PBG Publishing, ‘n filiaal van Hachette Book Group.
Daar is geen vuur soos passie nie
Geen misdaad soos haat nie,
Geen hartseer soos skeiding nie,
Geen siekte soos honger nie,
En
geen vreugde soos die vreugde van vryheid nie. Gautama Buddha Zen sĆŖ
beroemd: eet as jy honger het; as jy moeg is, slaap. Maar alles in
matigheid - soos die Boeddha betyds ontdek het om te verhoed dat u
sterf.
VN-nuus
Meer as 820 miljoen mense wat honger ly;
nuwe VN-verslag onthul hardnekkige realiteite van ‘n ‘geweldige’
wĆŖreldwye uitdaging Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling
Na bykans ‘n dekade
van vooruitgang het die aantal mense wat honger ly die afgelope drie
jaar stadig toegeneem, met ongeveer een uit elke nege mense wat vandag
wĆŖreldwyd aan honger ly, het die Verenigde Nasies gesĆŖ in ‘n nuwe
verslag wat Maandag uitgereik is.
Hierdie feit onderstreep ādie
geweldige uitdagingā om die nul-honger-teiken van die Volhoubare
Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte (SDG’s) teen 2030 te bereik, volgens die Staat
van Voedselsekerheid en Voeding in die WĆŖreld 2019.
Die verslag,
wat bekendgestel is aan die kant van die High-Level Political Forum
(HLPF) - die belangrikste VN-platform wat die opvolg van State se
optrede op die SDG’s monitor - wat tans in New York aan die gang is,
bevat statistieke volgens streek en toon dat Die honger het bykans 20
persent toegeneem in Afrika se substreek, gebiede wat ook die grootste
voorkoms van ondervoeding het.
Alhoewel die omvang van die honger
in Latyns-Amerika en die Karibiese gebied steeds onder sewe persent is,
neem dit stadig toe. En in AsiĆ« beĆÆnvloed 11% van voeding ondervoeding
die bevolking.
Alhoewel
Suid-Asiƫ die afgelope vyf jaar groot vooruitgang gehad het, met bykans
15 persent, is dit steeds die subregie met die grootste voorkoms van
ondervoeding.
āOns optrede om hierdie ontstellende neigings aan
te pak, sal nie net skaal nie, maar ook ten opsigte van multisektorale
samewerking, moet wees,ā het die hoofde van die VN se Voedsel- en
Landbou-organisasie (FAO), die Internasionale Fonds vir
Landbou-ontwikkeling (IFAD), die VN-kinderfonds (UNICEF), die
WĆŖreldvoedselprogram (WFP) en die wĆŖreld
Gesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) dring in hul gesamentlike voorwoord tot die verslag aan.
Honger
neem toe in baie lande waar ekonomiese groei agteruitgaan, veral in
lande met die middelinkomste en lande wat baie staatmaak op
internasionale primĆŖre kommoditeitshandel. Die jaarlikse VN-verslag het
ook bevind dat die ongelykheid van inkomste toeneem in baie lande waar
die honger aan die toeneem is, wat dit vir die armes, kwesbares of
gemarginaliseerdes moeiliker maak om ekonomiese verlangsamings en
afswaai te hanteer.
āOns moet bevorderlik wees vir arm en
inklusiewe strukturele transformasie wat fokus op mense en om
gemeenskappe in die sentrum te plaas om ekonomiese kwesbaarhede te
verminder en onsself op dreef te sit om honger, voedselonsekerheid en
alle vorme van wanvoeding te beĆ«indig,ā het die VN-leiers gesĆŖ.
Boonop
ondermyn ekonomiese verlangsamings of afswaaiings buite verhouding
voedselsekerheid en voeding waar die ongelykhede groter is.
Die
verslag word afgesluit met riglyne oor die kort- en langtermynbeleid wat
onderneem moet word om voedselsekerheid en voeding te beveilig tydens
episodes van ekonomiese onstuimigheid of ter voorbereiding daarvan, soos
die integrasie van voedselsekerheid en voedingsprobleme in pogings om
armoede te verminder deur gebruik te maak van armes. en inklusiewe
strukturele transformasies. Oplossing van Indiƫ se hongerprobleem Die
Hooggeregshof het besluit om ‘n pleidooi te ondersoek dat hongerdood
sterf tot die reg op lewe en waardigheid van sosiale weefsel, en ‘n
āradikaleā nuwe maatreĆ«l soos gemeenskapskombuise moet regoor die land
ingestel word om arm en honger.
‘N Bank onder leiding van regter
N.V. Ramana het Maandag ‘n kennisgewing aan die regering uitgereik oor
die versoekskrif wat gesamentlik deur aktiviste Anun Dhawan, Ishann
Dhawan en Kunjana Singh ingedien is, verteenwoordig deur advokate Ashima
Mandla en Fuzail Ahmad Ayyubi. Asskhaya Patra-kombuise wat deur die
staat befonds word, moet in alle lande die nuwe konsep wees. Vir die
bekamping van hongersnood en ondervoedingskrisis moet elke kombuis
Akshaya Patra kombuis hĆŖ, sowel as die bestaande hotelle en bakkerye.
https://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/English-Texts/Buddhist-Legends/15-05.htm
Boek
XV. Geluk, Sukha VaggaXV. 5. Die Boeddha voed die hongerige 01203.
Hongersnood is die grootste verdrukking; die Aggregate of Being is die
belangrikste bron van lyding;
As ‘n man dit deeglik begryp, het
hy Nibbana, die Allerhoogste geluk, bereik. Hierdie godsdiensonderrig is
deur die leraar gegee terwyl hy in Äįø·avi in āākoshuis was met verwysing
na ‘n sekere leek.
Terwyl die leraar in die parfumeriekamer in
Jetavana {3.262} die dag teen dagbreek die wĆŖreld bekyk het, het hy een
dag ‘n arme man gesien in Äįø·avi. Hy het besef dat hy oor die fakulteite
beskik wat nodig is om die vrug van die bekering te bereik, en hy omring
hom met ‘n geselskap van vyfhonderd monnike en is na Äįø·avi.
Die
inwoners van Äįø·avi het die Onderwyser dadelik uitgenooi om hul gas te
wees. Daardie arme man het ook gehoor dat die Leraar opgedaag het en het
besluit om die onderwyser te hoor preek. Maar op daardie selfde dag
[30,75] het ‘n bees van hom afgedwaal. Daarom het hy by homself gedink:
“Sal ek die bees soek, of sal ek die wet gaan hoor?” En hy het tot die
volgende gevolgtrekking gekom: ‘Ek sal eers die bees soek en dan na die
wet gaan luister.’ Gevolglik het hy vroegoggend sy bees gaan soek. Die
inwoners van Äįø·avi het sitplekke voorsien vir die Kongregasie van
monnike wat deur die Boeddha gelei is, hulle met kos bedien, en na die
ete die bakkie van die Onderwyser geneem om te spreek die woorde van
danksegging. Die leraar het gesĆŖ: ‘Hy om wie se ontwil ek gekom het, het
‘n reis van dertig ligas in die bos binnegegaan om sy verlore os te
soek. Ek sal eers die wet preek voordat hy terugkom. ā En hy het gerus.
Toe spreek
die leraar die woorde van danksegging uit; en toe hy dit gedoen het, het
hy van sy stoel af opgestaan āāen weggegaan. Die menigte het hom ‘n
entjie vergesel en dan omgedraai. Die monnike wat die leraar vergesel
het, was baie verontwaardig en het gesĆŖ: āDink net aan, broeders, wat
die onderwyser gedoen het. Niks van die soort het ooit tevore gebeur
nie. Maar toe hy vandag ‘n sekere arme man gesien het, het die leraar
navraag gedoen oor die verskaffing van voedsel en opdrag gegee dat die
kos aan iemand anders gegee moes word. ‘ Die onderwyser draai om, stop
[30.76] en sĆŖ: “Monnike, wat sĆŖ jy?” Toe hy hoor wat hulle sĆŖ, sĆŖ hy vir
hulle: ‘Dit is tog so, monnike. Toe ek hierheen gekom het op ‘n reis
van dertig ligas, ‘n lang en moeilike reis, was my enigste rede om
hierheen te kom, die feit dat ek gesien het dat hierdie leek-dissipel
die fakulteite besit wat nodig was om die vrug van die bekering te
bereik. Vroeg die oggend, onderdruk met die honger, het hy na die bos
gegaan en die dag in die bos deurgebring op soek na sy bees wat verlore
gegaan het.
Daarom het ek by myself gedink: ‘As ek die wet aan
hierdie man verkondig terwyl hy honger ly, sal hy dit nie kan begryp
nie.’ Daarom het ek gedoen wat ek gedoen het. Monnike, daar is geen
ellende soos die ellende van honger nie. ‘ So gesĆŖ, het hy die volgende
Stanza, 203, uitgespreek.
Honger is die grootste beproewing; die Aggregate of Being is die belangrikste bron van lyding;
As ‘n man dit deeglik verstaan, het hy Nibbana, die Allerhoogste geluk, bereik.
vrees
Wat het Matteyya ‘n mens bewus gemaak?
aanhalings leer ons oor vrees?
Verhandel jou vrees vir vryheid.
‘Selfs die dood hoef nie gevrees te word deur iemand wat verstandig geleef het nie.’
‘Die hele geheim van bestaan āāis om nie bang te wees nie.
Moet nooit bang wees wat van u word nie, hang van niemand af nie. Slegs op die oomblik dat u alle hulp verwerp, word u bevry. ‘
‘As
‘n mens nie van kwaad hou nie, as jy rustig voel, vind jy plesier om na
goeie leringe te luister; as ‘n mens hierdie gevoelens het en dit
waardeer, is jy vry van vrees.
‘Pyn is ‘n geskenk
In plaas daarvan om dit te vermy,
Leer om dit te omhels.
Sonder pyn,
daar is geen groei nie ā
https://tricycle.org/magazine/buddhist-food-cupcake/
Gee mense tyd.
Gee mense ruimte.
Moet niemand vra om te bly nie.
Laat hulle dwaal. Wat vir jou bedoel is, sal dit doen
wees altyd uwe.
Geluk, Sukha Vagga
Die Boeddha voed die Hongers
Honger is die grootste beproewing; die Aggregate of Being is die belangrikste bron van lyding;
As ‘n man dit deeglik verstaan, het hy Nibbana, die Allerhoogste geluk, bereik.
Die idees van Lord Buddha het oplossings vir uitdagings waarmee die wĆŖreld vandag te kampe het.
Die agtvoudige pad van Lord Buddha wys die weg na die welstand van samelewings en nasies.
Maį¹imÄkalai, āversierde gordel, gordel van juweleā
het ‘n magiese Atchaya Pathiram ontvang
(bedelkom) wat altyd gevul word.
Akshaya pathram Manimegalai, die volgeling van Awakened One with Awareness, het gesĆŖ
‘Honger is die ergste soort siekte.’
‘Die hele geheim van bestaan āāis om nie bang te wees nie.’
Daar is geen vuur soos passie nie
Geen misdaad soos haat nie,
Geen hartseer soos skeiding nie,
Geen siekte soos honger nie,
En geen vreugde soos die vreugde van vryheid nie.
Gautama Boeddha
Zen sĆŖ beroemd: eet as jy honger het; as jy moeg is, slaap.
Maar alles in matigheid - soos die Boeddha betyds ontdek het om te verhoed dat u sterf.
Manimekalai
het die gevangenis in ‘n hospice omskep om behoeftiges te help, leer
die koning die dma van die Boeddha. In die laaste vyf kanto’s van die
epos.
Boeddhistiese onderwysers vertel vier edelwaarhede, twaalf Nidanas en ander idees aan haar.
Vrywilligers
moet voltydse lede word om die visie en strewe van sy geestelike
Manimekala Akshya Pathram te vervul. Moet toegewyd wees aan die saak
tans en betrek by strategie, groei en bestuur van Akshaya Patra.
Die
reis tot dusver en wat die toekoms inhou in die missie om honger na
kinders en volwassenes in die wĆŖreld te beĆ«indig. Tegnologie moet in
massaproduksie gebruik word vir die fantastiese resultate. Ander
inisiatiewe van die Akshaya Patra moet kinders en volwassenes met
minderbevoorregte agtergronde help om hul drome te verwesenlik.
Al
die regerings regoor die wĆŖreld gee geld vir die bestuur van Akshaya
Patra en beveel al die waens wat deur die departement, polisievoertuie
gebruik word om voorraad, groente en voedsel in eetbare kospakkies te
voorsien totdat al die pakkies verwyder is.
Die nuutste kombuise moet ‘n studieonderwerp word en nuuskierige besoekers van regoor die wĆŖreld lok.
‘N
Vennootskap met die regerings regoor die wĆŖreld, IndiĆ« en verskillende
staatsregerings, sowel as die volgehoue āāsteun van maatskappye,
individuele donateurs en welwillendes, moet help
Manimekali Akshya Pathram om miljoene minderbevoorregte kinders en volwassenes te bedien.
Stel u ‘n lewe voor waarin u elke wakker oomblik spandeer om kos te soek.
Jou buik is weg en jou ledemate is soos ‘n honger
kind se. U honger is onophoudelik en pynlik, maar u keel is nee
breƫr
as die oog van ‘n naald. As u kos vind, kan u dit nie sluk nie. Nie
eers ‘n hap nie. Die honger duur voort, en u soektog duur voort.
Dit is die lot van pretas in die Boeddhistiese tradisie ā die honger spoke.
Hierdie
arme siele is op hierdie manier wedergebore, omdat hulle in vorige
lewens gedryf is deur begeerte, hebsug, woede en onkunde. Alhoewel u op
‘n gegewe dag ‘n paar van hierdie kassies kan nagaan, moet u in
Boeddhisme sulke onheilspellende dinge neem om uit te eindig met so ‘n
gemartelde bestaan āā- soos moord pleeg in ‘n jaloerse woede. Dus hoef u
nie paniekerig te raak nie.
In baie Asiatiese kulture is dit
tradisie om kos aan te bied vir die honger spoke. Maar dit help nie
regtig nie. Dit blyk dat hierdie spoke nie regtig na kos soek nie.
Of
dit is hulle, maar hul soeke is verkeerd gelei. Die honger na die spoke
het niks met kos te doen nie, en alles te make met wat hulle in hul
vorige tyd op aarde gedoen het. Daar is baie kos vir hulle, maar hulle
kan dit nie eet nie. Soos elke godsdienstige gelykenis, is hier ‘n
belangrike les: dit is nie kos wat hulle regtig nodig het nie.
Terug
in die menslike wĆŖreld wil ons nog steeds kos doen om meer te doen as
om ons liggame te voed en ons honger te bevredig. Ons wend ons tot kos
in tye van groot vreugde en hartseer. As iets wonderliks āāgebeur, vier
ons dit met ‘n dinee. Ons drink sjampanje, eet koek, smul aan lekker
maaltye. Kos word deel van die vreugde.
En die teenoorgestelde
is ook waar. Daar is ‘n lang tradisie om kos te voorsien aan diegene wat
treur. Ons gaan saam om maaltye te voorsien aan vriende in ‘n krisis - u
het miskien op ‘n sekere punt van u lewe op ‘n sigblad of e-posadres
aangemeld om maaltye te bring aan iemand wat treur, iemand herstel,
iemand sukkel. In tye van hartseer wil ons instinktief troos op ‘n
tasbare manier bied. En dikwels doen ons dit met kos.
https://www.webmd.com/lung/covid-treatment-home-hospital#1
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Behandeling
Die
mees algemene simptome van COVID-19 is probleme met koors, hoes en
asemhaling. Tensy u ernstige simptome het, kan u dit waarskynlik tuis
behandel, soos u verkou of griep. Die meeste mense herstel van COVID-19
sonder dat hulle hospitaalversorging nodig het. Bel u dokter om te vra
of u tuis moet bly of persoonlik mediese sorg moet kry.
Wetenskaplikes
probeer nuwe medisyne maak en ‘n paar bestaande medisyne toets om te
bepaal of hulle COVID-19 kan behandel. Intussen is daar ‘n aantal dinge
wat tuis sowel as in die hospitaal simptome kan verlig. ‘n aantal dinge
kan die simptome verlig, tuis sowel as in die hospitaal.
Tuis-Coronavirus-behandeling
As u simptome sag genoeg is dat u tuis kan herstel, moet u:
Res. Dit kan u beter laat voel en u herstel kan bespoedig.
Bly tuis. Moenie na werk, skool of openbare plekke gaan nie.
Drink vloeistowwe. U verloor meer water as u siek is. Dehidrasie kan simptome vererger en ander gesondheidsprobleme veroorsaak.
Monitor.
Bel u dokter dadelik as u simptome erger word. Moenie na hul kantoor
gaan sonder om eers te bel nie. Dit kan moontlik wees dat u tuis moet
bly, of hulle moet ekstra stappe doen om personeel en ander pasiƫnte te
beskerm.
Vra u dokter oor medisyne wat te koop aangebied kan word, soos asetaminofen om u koors te verlaag.
Die
belangrikste ding om te doen is om te voorkom dat ander mense besmet
word, veral diegene ouer as 65 jaar of wat ander gesondheidsprobleme
het.
Dit beteken:
Probeer om op een plek in u huis te bly. Gebruik ‘n aparte slaapkamer en badkamer as u kan.
SĆŖ vir ander dat jy siek is, sodat hulle hul afstand kan hou.
Bedek jou hoes en nies met ‘n weefsel of jou elmboog.
Dra ‘n masker oor u neus en mond as u kan.
Was gereeld, veral jou hande.
Moenie skottelgoed, koppies, eetgerei, handdoeke of beddegoed met iemand anders deel nie.
Maak gewone oppervlaktes soos deurknoppe, balie en tafelblad skoon en ontsmet dit.
Wat om te verwag
Simptome
begin 2 tot 14 dae nadat u met die virus in aanraking gekom het. Vroeƫ
studies toon dat baie mense wat ligte infeksies het binne 2 weke
herstel. Ernstiger gevalle is geneig om 3 tot 6 weke te duur.
Gesels
met u dokter oor hoe lank u uself moet isoleer as u simptome het.
Volgens CDC-riglyne kan u isolasie verlaat as dit alles waar is:
U het drie dae lank nie koors gehad nie.
U asemhalingsimptome, soos hoes of kortasem, is beter.
Dit is minstens tien dae sedert u simptome begin het, OF u het twee negatiewe COVID-19-toetse met 24 uur uitmekaar.
Hoe weet u of u simptome erger word?
Verkry dadelik mediese hulp as u begin met die volgende:
Probleme met asemhaling
Pyn of druk in u bors
Verwarring of erge slaperigheid
‘N Blou kleur aan u lippe of gesig
Coronavirus-behandeling in ‘n hospitaal
U
hoef nie na die hospitaal of ER te gaan as u basiese simptome van
COVID-19 het nie, soos ligte koors of hoes. As u dit doen, sal baie
hospitale u huis toe stuur.
As u saak ernstig is, sal lede van die
mediese personeel kyk of daar tekens is dat die siekte ernstige probleme
veroorsaak. Hulle mag:
Kontroleer die suurstofvlakke in u bloed met ‘n vingermonitor
Luister na jou longe
Gee u ‘n COVID-19-toets. Dit behels dat u vir ongeveer 15 sekondes ‘n 6-duim katoen depper aan albei kante van u neus opsteek.
Gee u ‘n rƶntgen- of CT-skandering op die bors
U
kry moontlik ekstra suurstof deur twee klein buisies wat net binne u
neusgate gaan. In baie ernstige gevalle sal dokters u verbind met ‘n
masjien wat u asem kan haal, ‘n ventilator genoem.
U kan ook
vloeistowwe deur ‘n buis of IV in u arm kry om u nie te ontwater nie.
Dokters sal ook u asemhaling fyn monitor. Die doel is dat u infeksie
verloop en dat u longe genoeg genees sodat hulle weer asem kan haal.
U dokter kan u medikasie gee om u bloed te verdun en om bloedklonte te voorkom.
As
u medisyne neem soos angiotensien-omskakelende ensiem (ACE) remmers,
angiotensien reseptorblokkeerders (ARB’s) of statiene vir ander
gesondheidsprobleme, sal u dokter u aanbeveel om dit soos gewoonlik
voort te sit.
Baie kliniese toetse word onderneem om behandelings te
gebruik wat gebruik word vir ander toestande wat COVID-19 kan bestry en
om nuwe te ontwikkel.
Mense wat in die hospitaal is met ernstige COVID-19, kan ‘n antivirale medisyne kry, genaamd remdesivir.
Kliniese toetse word onderneem vir ander medisyne,
insluitend tocilizumab, wat gebruik is om outo-immuun toestande en ‘n
inflammatoriese toestand genaamd sitokienvrystellingsindroom te
behandel.
Die FDA het ‘n noodbeslissing uitgereik sodat dokters
hydroxychloroquine en chloroquine kon gebruik om mense wat met COVID-19
opgeneem is, te behandel. Maar die agentskap het die beslissing herroep
te midde van ernstige kommer oor hul veiligheid. Die
WĆŖreldgesondheidsorganisasie het verhoudings met hydroxychloroquine
gestop, en Frankryk het die gebruik daarvan teen COVID-19 verbied. Die
medikasie word goedgekeur om malaria en outo-immuun toestande soos
rumatoĆÆede artritis en lupus te behandel.
Een studie het bevind
dat dexamethason, ‘n algemene steroĆÆedmedikasie, mense wat in die
hospitaal opgeneem is, kan help met ernstige COVID-19 komplikasies. Maar
die bevindings is voorlopig, en die navorsers het nie die volledige
studie bekend gemaak nie.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Behandeling
Words of the Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness
from
Free Online step by step creation of Virtual tour in 3D Circle-Vision 360Ā° for Kushinara Nibbana Bhumi Pagoda
This
outline displays the publication of books in the DevanĀ±gari-script
edition of the ChaĪ¼Ī¼ha SaagĀ±yana (Sixth Council) TipiĪ¼aka. The names of
the volumes are displayed in italics with the suffix ā-pĀ±1ā4iā
indicating the volume is part of the root TipiĪ¼aka, rather than
commentarial literature. This outline lists the root volumes only.Please
note: These books are in PĀ±li only, in DevanĀ±gari script, and are not
for sale.
No set of English translations is available. For further information please see: www.tipitaka.org
(Three divisions, printed in 5 books)
Sutta Vibhaaga [two books containing rules for the bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, outlining eight classes of offences]
TipiĪ¼aka (three ābasketsā)
Sutta PiĪ¼aka
(Five nikĀ±yas, or collections)
The Sutta Piį¹aka contains the essence of the Buddhaās teaching
regarding the Dhamma. It contains more than ten thousand suttas. It is
divided in five collections called NikÄyas (A multitude, assemblage; a
collection; a class, order, group; an association, fraternity,
congregation; a house, dwelling).
DÄ«gha NikÄya[dÄ«gha: long] The
DÄ«gha NikÄya gathers 34 of the longest discourses given by the Buddha.
There are various hints that many of them are late additions to the
original corpus and of questionable authenticity.
Majjhima NikÄya
[majjhima:
medium] The Majjhima NikÄya gathers 152 discourses of the Buddha of
intermediate length, dealing with diverse matters.
Saį¹yutta NikÄya
[samyutta:
group] The Saį¹yutta NikÄya gathers the suttas according to their
subject in 56 sub-groups called saį¹yuttas. It contains more than three
thousand discourses of variable length, but generally relatively short.
Aį¹
guttara NikÄya
[aį¹
g:
factor | uttara: additionnal] The Aį¹
guttara NikÄya is subdivized in
eleven sub-groups called nipÄtas, each of them gathering discourses
consisting of enumerations of one additional factor versus those of the
precedent nipÄta. It contains thousands of suttas which are generally short.
Khuddaka NikÄya
[khuddha:
short, small] The Khuddhaka NikÄya short texts and is considered as
been composed of two stratas: Dhammapada, UdÄna, Itivuttaka, Sutta
NipÄta, TheragÄthÄ-TherÄ«gÄthÄ and JÄtaka form the ancient strata, while
other books are late additions and their authenticity is more
questionable.
Sutta PiĪ¼aka
(Five nikĀ±yas, or collections)
1. D2gha-nikĀ±ya [34 suttas; 3 vaggas, or chapters (each a book)]
(1) S2lakkhandavagga-pĀ±1ā4i (13 suttas)
(2) MahĀ±vagga-pĀ±1ā4i (10 suttas)
(3) PĀ±Ī¼ikavagga-pĀ±1ā4i (11 suttas)
2. Majjhima-nikĀ±ya [152 suttas;15 vaggas; divided in 3 books,
5 vaggas each, known as paooĀ±sa (āfiftyā)]
(1) M3lapaooĀ±ssa-pĀ±1ā4i (the ārootā fifty)
1. M3lapariyĀ±yavagga (10 suttas)
2. S2hanĀ±davagga (10 suttas)
3. Tatiyavagga (10 suttas)
4. MahĀ±yamakavagga (10 suttas)
5. C31ā4ayamakavagga (10 suttas)
(2) MajjhimapaooĀ±sa-pĀ±1ā4i (the āmiddleā fifty)
6. Gahapati-vagga (10 suttas)
7. Bhikkhu-vagga (10 suttas)
8. ParibbĀ±jaka-vagga (10 suttas)
9. RĀ±ja-vagga (10 suttas)
10. BrĀ±hmana-vagga (10 suttas)
(3) UparipaooĀ±sa-pĀ±1ā4i (means āmore than fiftyā)
11. Devadaha-vagga (10 suttas)
12. Anupada-vagga (10 suttas)
13. SunĢnĢata-vagga (10 suttas)
14. Vibhaaga-vagga (12 suttas)
15. Sa1ā4Ā±yatana-vagga (10 suttas)
3. Sa1ā2yutta-nikĀ±ya [2,904 (7,762) suttas; 56 sa1ā2yuttas; 5 vaggas; divided
into 6 books]
(1) SagĀ±thavagga-sa1ā2yutta-pĀ±1ā4i (11 sa1ā2yuttas)
(2) NidĀ±navagga-sa1ā2yutta-pĀ±1ā4i (10 sa1ā2yuttas)
(3) Khandavagga-sa1ā2yutta-pĀ±1ā4i (13 sa1ā2yuttas)
(4) Sa1ā4Ā±yatanavagga-sa1ā2yutta-
(5) MahĀ±vagga-sa1ā2yutta-pĀ±1ā4i Vol I ( 6 sa1ā2yuttas)
(6) MahĀ±vagga-sa1ā2yutta-pĀ±1ā4i Vol II ( 6 sa1ā2yuttas)
4. Aaguttara-nikĀ±ya [9,557 suttas; in11 nipĀ±tas, or groups, arranged purely
numerically; each nipĀ±ta has several vaggas; 10 or more suttas in
each vagga; 6 books]
(1) Eka-Duka-Tika-nipata-pĀ±1ā4i (ones, twos, threes)
(2) Catukka-nipata-pĀ±1ā4i (fours)
(3) PanĢcaka-nipata-pĀ±1ā4i (fives)
(4) Chakka-Sattaka-nipata-pĀ±1ā4i (sixes, sevens)
(5) AĪ¼Ī¼haka-Navaka-nipata-pĀ±1ā4i (eights, nines)
(6) Dasaka-Ekadasaka-nipata-pĀ±1ā4i (tens, elevens)
5. Khuddaka-nikĀ±ya [the collection of small books, a miscellaneous gather-
ing of works in 18 main sections; it includes suttas, compilations of
doctrinal notes, histories, verses, and commentarial literature that has
been incorporated into the TipiĪ¼aka itself.; 12 books]
(1) KuddhakapĀ±tha,Dhammapada & UdĀ±na-pĀ±1ā4i
1. KuddhakapĀ±tha (nine short formulae and suttas, used as a training manual for
novice bhikkhus)
2. Dhammapada (most famous of all the books of the TipiĪ¼aka; a collection of 423
verses in 26 vaggas)
3. UdĀ±na (in 8 vaggas, 80 joyful utterances of the Buddha, mostly in verses, with
some prose accounts of the circumstances that elicited the utterance)
(2) Itivuttaka, SuttanipĀ±ta-pĀ±1ā4i
4. Itivuttaka (4 nipĀ±tas, 112 suttas, each beginning, āiti vutta1ā2 bhagavataā [thus was
said by the Buddha])
5. SuttanipĀ±ta (5 vaggas; 71 suttas, mostly in verse; contains many of the best
known, most popular suttas of the Buddha
(3) VimĀ±navatthu, Petavatthu, TheragĀ±thĀ± & TherigĀ±thĀ±-pĀ±1ā4i
6. VimĀ±navatthu (VimĀ±na means mansion; 85 poems in 7 vaggas about acts of
merit and rebirth in heavenly realms)
7. Petavatthu (4 vaggas, 51 poems describing the miserable beings [petas] born in
unhappy states due to their demeritorious acts)
8. TheragĀ±thĀ± (verses of joy and delight after the attainment of arahatship from 264
elder bhikkhus; 107 poems, 1,279 gĀ±thas)
9. TherigĀ±thĀ± (same as above, from 73 elder nuns; 73 poems, 522 gĀ±thas)
(4) JĀ±taka-pĀ±1ā4i, Vol. I
(5) JĀ±taka-pĀ±1ā4i, Vol II
10. JĀ±taka (birth stories of the Bodisatta prior to his birth as Gotama Buddha; 547
stories in verses, divided into nipĀ±ta according to the number of verses required to
tell the story. The full JĀ±taka stories are actually in the JĀ±taka commentaries that
explain the story behind the verses.
(6) MahĀ±nidessa-pĀ±1ā4i
(7) C31ā4anidessa-pĀ±1ā4i
11. Nidessa (commentary on two sections of SuttanipĀ±ta)
MahĀ±nidessa: commentary on the 4th vagga
C31ā4anidessa: commentary on the 5th vagga and
the KhaggavisĀ±oa sutta of the 1st vagga
(8) PaĪ¼isambhidĀ±magga-pĀ±1ā4i
12. PaĪ¼isambhidĀ±magga (an abhidhamma-style detailed analysis of the Buddhaās
teaching, drawn from all portions of the VinĀ±ya and Sutta PiĪ¼akas; three vaggas,
each containing ten topics [kathĀ±])
(9) ApadĀ±na-pĀ±1ā4i, Vol. I
13. ApadĀ±na (tales in verses of the former lives of 550 bhikkhus and 40 bhikkhunis)
(10) ApadĀ±na, Buddhava1ā2sa & CariyĀ±piĪ¼aka-pĀ±1ā4i
14. Buddhava1ā2sa (the history of the Buddhas in which the Buddha, in answer to a
question from Ven. Sariputta, tells the story of the ascetic Sumedha and D2paakara
Buddha and the succeeding 24 Buddhas, including Gotama Buddha.)
15. CariyĀ±piĪ¼aka (35 stories from the JĀ±taka arranged to illustrate the ten pĀ±ram2)
(11) Nettippakarana, PeĪ¼akopadesa-pĀ±1ā4i
16. Nettippakarana (small treatise setting out methods for interpreting and explain-
ing canonical texts)
17. PeĪ¼akopadesa (treatise setting out methods for explaining and expanding the
teaching of the Buddha)
(12) MilindapanĢha-pĀ±1ā4i
18. Milinda-panĢha (a record of the questions posed by King Milinda and the
answers by Ven. Nagasena; this debate took place ca. 500 years after the
mahĀ±parinibbĀ±na of the Buddha)
Abhidhamma PiĪ¼aka
[Seven sections of systematic, abstract exposition of all dhammas; printed in
12 books]
1. Dhammasaagao2
(enumeration of the dhammas)
(1) Dhammasaagao2-pĀ±1ā4i
2. Vibhaaga-pĀ±1ā42
(distinction or analysis of dhammas)
(2) Vibhaaga-pĀ±1ā42
3. DhĀ±tukathĀ±
(discussion of elements; these 1st three sections form a trilogy that
must be digested as a basis for understanding Abhidhamma)
4. PuggalapanĢnĢatti
(designation of individuals; ten chapters: the 1st dealing with single
individuals, the 2nd with pairs, the 3rd with groups of three, etc.
(3) DhĀ±tukathĀ±-PuggalapanĢnĢatti-
5. KathĀ±vatthu-pĀ±1ā42
(points of controversy or wrong view; discusses the points raised and
settled at the 3rd council, held at the time of AÅokaās reign, at Patna)
(4) KathĀ±vatthu-pĀ±1ā42
6. Yamaka-pĀ±1ā42
(book of pairs; a use of paired, opposing questions to resolve ambi-
guities and define precise usage of technical terms)
(5) Yamaka-pĀ±1ā42, Vol I
(6) Yamaka-pĀ±1ā42, Vol II
(7) Yamaka-pĀ±1ā42, Vol III
7. PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na
(book of relations; the elaboration of a scheme of 24 conditional
relations [paccaya] that forms a complete system for understanding
the mechanics of the entire universe of Dhamma)
(8) PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na-pĀ±1ā4i, Vol I
(9) PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na-pĀ±1ā4i, Vol II
(10) PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na-pĀ±1ā4i, Vol III
(11) PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na-pĀ±1ā4i, Vol IV
(12) PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na-pĀ±1ā4i, Vol V
(1) PĀ±rĀ±jika-pĀ±1ā4i Bhikku
pĀ±rĀ±jikĀ± (expulsion) 4
saaghadisesĀ± (meetings of the Sangha) 13
aniyatĀ± (indeterminate) 2
nissagiyĀ± pĀ±cittiyĀ± (expiation with forfeiture) 30
(2) PĀ±cittiya-pĀ±1ā4i
suddha pĀ±cittiyĀ± (ordinary expiation) 92
pĀ±tidesaniyĀ± (confession re: alms food) 4
sekhiya (concerning etiquette & decorum) 75
adhikaraoasamathĀ± (legal process) 7
(concludes with bhikkuni vinaya rules) ______Bhikkhuni
2. Khandaka [two books of rules and procedures]
(3) MahĀ±vagga-pĀ±1ā4i (10 sections [khandhakas]; begins with historical accounts of the
Buddhaās enlightenment, the first discourses and the early growth of the Sangha;
outlines the following rules governing the actions of the Sangha:
1. rules for admission to the order (upasampadĀ±)
2. the uposatha meeting and recital of the pĀ±timokkha
3. residence during the rainy season (vassa)
4. ceremony concluding the vassa, called pavĀ±raoĀ±
5. rules for articles of dress and furniture
6. medicine and food
7. annual distribution of robes (kaĪ¼hina)
8. rules for sick bhikkhus, sleeping and robe material
9. mode of executing proceedings of the Sangha
10. proceedings in cases of schism
(4) C31ā4avagga-pĀ±1ā4i (or Cullavagga) (12 khandakas dealing with further rules and proce-
dures for institutional acts or functions, known as saaghakamma:
1. rules for dealing with offences that come before the Sangha
(saaghĀ±disesa)
2. procedures for putting a bhikkhu on probation
3. procedures for dealing with accumulation of offences by a bhikkhu
4. rules for settling legal procedures in the Sangha
5. misc. rules for bathing, dress, etc.
6. dwellings, furniture, lodging, etc.
7. schisms
8. classes of bhikkhus and duties of teachers & novices
9. exclusion from the pĀ±timokkha
10. the ordination and instruction of bhikkhunis
11. account of the 1st council at RĀ±jagaha
12. account of the 2nd council at VesĀ±li
3. ParivĀ±ra-pĀ±1ā4i [a summary of the vinaya, arranged as a
catechism for instruction and examination]
(5) ParivĀ±ra-pĀ±1ā4i The fifth book of vinaya serves as a kind of manual enabling the reader
to make an analytical survey of the whole of Vinaya PiĪ¼aka.
Sutta Piį¹aka -Digha NikÄya DN 9 -
Poį¹į¹hapÄda Sutta
{excerpt}
ā The questions of Poį¹į¹hapÄda ā Poį¹į¹hapÄda asks various questions reagrding the nature of SaƱƱÄ. Note: plain texts
Now,
lord, does perception arise first, and knowledge after; or does
knowledge arise first, and perception after; or do perception &
knowledge arise simultaneously?
Potthapada, perception arises
first, and knowledge after. And the arising of knowledge comes from the
arising of perception. One discerns, āItās in dependence on this that my
knowledgehas arisen.ā Through this line of reasoning one can realize
how perception arises first, and knowledge after, and how the arising of
knowledge comes from the arising of perception.DN 22 - (D ii 290)
MahÄsatipaį¹į¹hÄna Sutta
ā Attendance on awareness ā
[
mahÄ+satipaį¹į¹hÄna ] This sutta is widely considered as a the main
reference for meditation practice. Note: infobubbles on all Pali
words
English Introduction I. Observation of KÄya
A. Section on ÄnÄpÄna
B. Section on postures
C. Section on sampajaƱƱa
D. Section on repulsiveness
E. Section on the Elements
F. Section on the nine charnel grounds
II. Observation of VedanÄ
Introduction
Thus have I heard: āØ
On
one occasion, the BhagavÄ was staying among the Kurus at
KammÄsadhamma,a market town of the Kurus. There, he addressed the
bhikkhus:
ā Bhikkhus.
ā Bhaddante answered the bhikkhus. The BhagavÄ said: āØ
ā
This, bhikkhus, is the path that leads to nothing but the purification
of beings, the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, the disappearance
of dukkha-domanassa, the attainment of the right way, the realization of
NibbÄna, that is to say the four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas.
Which four?
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya in kÄya, ÄtÄpÄ«
sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world
He dwells observing vedanÄ in vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ, having
given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing citta
in citta, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa
towards the world. He dwells observing dhammaĀ·s in dhammaĀ·s, ÄtÄpÄ«
sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world.
I. KÄyÄnupassanÄ
A. Section on ÄnÄpÄna
And
how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell observing kÄya in kÄya? Here,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, having gone to the forest or having gone at the
root of a tree or having gone to an empty room, sits down folding the
legs crosswise, setting kÄya upright, and setting sati parimukhaį¹. Being
thus sato he breathes in, being thus sato he breathes out. Breathing in
long he understands: āI am breathing in longā; breathing out long he
understands: āI am breathing out longā; breathing in short he
understands: āI am breathing in shortā; breathing out short he
understands: āI am breathing out shortā; he trains himself: āfeeling the
whole kÄya, I will breathe inā; he trains himself: āfeeling the whole
kÄya, I will breathe outā; he trains himself: ācalming down the
kÄya-saį¹
khÄras, I will breathe inā; he trains himself: ācalming down the
kÄya-saį¹
khÄras, I will breathe outā.
Just as, bhikkhus, a
skillful turner or a turnerās apprentice, making a long turn,
understands: āI am making a long turnā; making a short turn, he
understands: āI am making a short turnā; in the same way, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, breathing in long, understands: āI am breathing in longā;
breathing out long he understands: āI am breathing out longā; breathing
in short he understands: āI am breathing in shortā; breathing out short
he understands: āI am breathing out shortā; he trains himself: āfeeling
the whole kÄya, I will breathe inā; he trains himself: āfeeling the
whole kÄya, I will breathe outā; he trains himself: ācalming down the
kÄya-saį¹
khÄras, I will breathe inā; he trains himself: ācalming down the
kÄya-saį¹
khÄras, I will breathe outā.
Thus he dwells observing
kÄya in kÄya internally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya externally,
or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally and externally; he
dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells
observing the passing away of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing
the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or else,
[realizing:] āthis is kÄya!ā sati is present in him, just to the extent
of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling
to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
kÄya in kÄya. āØ
B. Section on postures
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, while walking, understands: āI am walkingā, or
while standing he understands: āI am standingā, or while sitting he
understands: āI am sittingā, or while lying down he understands: āI am
lying downā. Or else, in whichever position his kÄya is disposed, he
understands it accordingly. āØ
Thus he dwells observing kÄya in
kÄya internally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya externally, or he
dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally and externally; he dwells
observing the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the
passing away of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the samudaya
and passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or else, [realizing:] āthis is
kÄya!ā sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere
paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya in kÄya. āØThus he
dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally, or he dwells observing kÄya
in kÄya externally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally and
externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya, or he
dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells
observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or else,
[realizing:] āthis is kÄya!ā sati is present in him, just to the extent
of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling
to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
kÄya in kÄya. āØ
āØ
C. Section on sampajaƱƱa
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, while approaching and while departing, acts with
sampajaƱƱa, while looking ahead and while looking around, he acts with
sampajaƱƱa, while bending and while stretching, he acts with sampajaƱƱa,
while wearing the robes and the upper robe and while carrying the bowl,
he acts with sampajaƱƱa, while eating, while drinking, while chewing,
while tasting, he acts with sampajaƱƱa, while attending to the business
of defecating and urinating, he acts with sampajaƱƱa, while walking,
while standing, while sitting, while sleeping, while being awake, while
talking and while being silent, he acts with sampajaƱƱa. āØ
Thus
he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally, or he dwells observing
kÄya in kÄya externally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally
and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya o phenomena in kÄya, or
he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena\ in kÄya, or he
dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or
else, [realizing:] āthis is kÄya!ā sati is present in him, just to the
extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not
cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells
observing kÄya in kÄya. āØ
D. Section on Repulsiveness
Furthermore,bhikkhus,
a bhikkhu considers this very body, from the soles of the feet up and
from the hair on the head down, which is delimited by its skin and full
of various kinds of impurities: āIn this kÄya, there are the hairs of
the head, hairs of the body, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, tendons, bones,
bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura, spleen, lungs, intestines,
mesentery, stomach with its contents, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood,
sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, nasal mucus, synovial fluid and
urine.ā āØ
Just as if, bhikkhus, there was a bag having two
openings and filled with various kinds of grain, such as hill-paddy,
paddy, mung beans, cow-peas, sesame seeds and husked rice. A man with
good eyesight, having unfastened it, would consider [its contents]:
āThis is hill-paddy, this is paddy, those are mung beans, those are
cow-peas, those are sesame seeds and this is husked rice;ā in the same
way, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu considers this very body, from the soles of the
feet up and from the hair on the head down, which is delimited by its
skin and full of various kinds of impurities: āIn this kÄya, there are
the hairs of the head, hairs of the body, nails, teeth, skin, flesh,
tendons, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura, spleen,
lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach with its contents, feces, bile,
phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease,
saliva, nasal mucus, synovial fluid and urine.ā
Thus
he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally, or he dwells observing
kÄya in kÄya externally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally
and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya,
or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kÄya, or he
dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or
else, [realizing:] āthis is kÄya!ā sati is present in him, just to the
extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not
cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells
observing kÄya in kÄya. āØ
E. Section on the Elements
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reflects on this very kÄya, however it is placed,
however it is disposed: āIn this kÄya, there is the earth element, the
water element, the fire element and the air element.ā āØ
Just as,
bhikkhus, a skillful butcher or a butcherās apprentice, having killed a
cow, would sit at a crossroads cutting it into pieces; in the same way,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reflects on this very kÄya, however it is placed,
however it is disposed: āIn this kÄya, there is the earth element, the
water element, the fire element and the air element.ā
Thus he
dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally, or he dwells observing kÄya in
kÄya externally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally and
externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya, or he
dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells
observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or else,
[realizing:] āthis is kÄya!ā sati is present in him, just to the extent
of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling
to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
kÄya in kÄya.
F. Section on the nine charnel grounds
(1)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, one day dead, or two days dead or three days dead,
swollen, bluish and festering, he considers this very kÄya: āThis kÄya
also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not
free from such a condition.ā āØ
Thus he dwells observing kÄya in
kÄya internally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya externally, or he
dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally and externally; he dwells
observing the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the
passing away of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the samudaya
and passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or else, [realizing:] āthis is
kÄya!ā\ sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere
paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya in kÄya.
(2)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, being eaten by crows, being eaten by hawks, being
eaten by vultures, being eaten by herons, being eaten by dogs, being
eaten by tigers, being eaten by panthers, being eaten by various kinds
of beings, he considers this very kÄya: āThis kÄya also is of such a
nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a
condition.
Thus he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally, or
he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya externally, or he dwells observing kÄya
in kÄya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of
phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena
in kÄya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of
phenomena in kÄya; or else, [realizing:] āthis is kÄya!ā sati is present
in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he dwells
detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya in kÄya.
(3)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a
charnel ground, a squeleton with flesh and blood, held together by
tendons, he considers this very kÄya: āThis kÄya also is of such a
nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a
condition.ā
āØThus he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya
internally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya externally, or he dwells
observing kÄya in kÄya internally and externally; he dwells observing
the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the passing
away of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and
passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or else, [realizing:] āthis is kÄya!ā
sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere
paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya in kÄya.
(4)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
acharnel ground, a squeleton without flesh and smeared with blood,
heldtogether by tendons, he considers this very kÄya: āThis kÄya also is
of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from
such a condition.ā āØ
Thus he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya
internally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya externally, or he dwells
observing kÄya in kÄya internally and externally; he dwells observing
the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the passing
away of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and
passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or else, [realizing:] āthis is kÄya!ā
sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere
paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya in kÄya.
(5)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, a squeleton without flesh nor blood, held together by
tendons, he considers this very kÄya: āThis kÄya also is of such a
nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a
condition.ā āØ
Thus he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally,
or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya externally, or he dwells observing
kÄya in kÄya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya
of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the passing away of
phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away
of phenomena in kÄya; or else, [realizing:] āthis is kÄya!ā sati is
present in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he
dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya in kÄya. āØ
(6)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, disconnected bones scattered here and there, here a
hand bone, there a foot bone, here an ankle bone, there a shin bone,
here a thigh bone, there a hip bone, here a rib, there a back bone, here
a spine bone, there a neck bone, here a jaw bone, there a tooth bone,
or there the skull, he considers this very kÄya: āThis kÄya also is of
such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from
such a condition.ā āØ
Thus he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya
internally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya externally, or he dwells
observing kÄya in kÄya internally and externally; he dwells observing
the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the passing
away of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and
passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or else, [realizing:] āthis is kÄya!ā
sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere
paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya in kÄya.
(7)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, the bones whitened like a seashell, he considers this
very kÄya: āThis kÄya also is of such a nature, it is going to become
like this, and is not free from such a condition.ā āØ
(8)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, heaped up bones over a year old, he considers this
very kÄya: āThis kÄya also is of such a nature, it is going to become
like this, and is not free from such a condition.ā āØ
Thus he
dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally, or he dwells observing kÄya in
kÄya externally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya internally and
externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya, or he
dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells
observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kÄya; or else,
[realizing:] āthis is kÄya!ā sati is present in him, just to the extent
of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling
to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
kÄya in kÄya.
(9)
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if
he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a charnel ground, rotten bones
reduced to powder, he considers this very kÄya: āThis kÄya also is of
such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from
such a condition.ā āØ
Thus he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya
internally, or he dwells observing kÄya in kÄya externally, or he dwells
observing kÄya in kÄya internally and externally; he dwells observing
the samudaya of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the
passingaway of phenomena in kÄya, or he dwells observing the samudaya
andpassing away of phenomena in kÄya; or else, [realizing:] āthis is
kÄya!ā sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere
paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya in kÄya.
II. Observation of VedanÄ
Introduction
Which
four? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya in kÄya, ÄtÄpÄ«
sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world.
He dwells observing vedanÄ in vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ, having
given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing citta
in citta, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa
towards the world. He dwells observing dhammaĀ·s in dhammaĀ·s, ÄtÄpÄ«
sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world.
Thus
he dwells observing vedanÄ in vedanÄ internally, or he dwells observing
vedanÄ in vedanÄ externally, or he dwells observing vedanÄ in vedanÄ
internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena
in vedanÄ, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in
vedanÄ, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of
phenomena in vedanÄ; or else, [realizing:] āthis is vedanÄ!ā sati is
present in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he
dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing vedanÄ in vedanÄ.
(The Mirror of the Dhamma)
I
will expound the discourse on the Dhamma which is called DhammÄdÄsa,
possessed of which the ariyasÄvaka, if he so desires, can declare of
himself: āFor me, there is no more niraya, no more tiracchÄna-yoni, no
more pettivisaya, no more state of unhappiness, of misfortune, of
misery, I am a sotÄpanna, by nature free from states of misery, certain
of being destined to sambodhi.
And what, Änanda, is that
discourse on the Dhamma which is called DhammÄdÄsa, possessed of which
the ariyasÄvaka, if he so desires, can declare of himself: āFor me,
there is no more niraya, no more tiracchÄna-yoni, no more pettivisaya,
no more state of unhappiness, of misfortune, of misery, I am a
sotÄpanna, by nature free from states of misery, certain of being
destined to sambodhi?
Here, Änanda, an ariyasÄvaka is endowed with Buddhe aveccappasÄda:
IV. Observation of Dhammas
A. Section on the NÄ«varaį¹as
And
furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in
dhammas? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
with reference to the five nÄ«varaį¹as. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how
does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the
five nÄ«varaį¹as?
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being
kÄmacchanda present within, understands: “there is kÄmacchanda within
me”; there not being kÄmacchanda present within, he understands: “there
is no kÄmacchanda within me”; he understands how the unarisen
kÄmacchanda comes to arise; he understands how the arisen kÄmacchanda is
abandoned; and he understands how the abandoned kÄmacchanda does not
come to arise in the future.
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there
being byÄpÄda present within, understands: “there is byÄpÄda within me”;
there not being byÄpÄda present within, he understands: “there is no
byÄpÄda within me”; he understands how the unarisen byÄpÄda comes to
arise; he understands how the arisen byÄpÄda is abandoned; and he
understands how the abandoned byÄpÄda does not come to arise in the
future.
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being thÄ«namiddhÄ
present within, understands: “there is thÄ«namiddhÄ within me”; there not
being thÄ«namiddhÄ present within, he understands: “there is no
thÄ«namiddhÄ within me”; he understands how the unarisen thÄ«namiddhÄ
comes to arise; he understands how the arisen thÄ«namiddhÄ is abandoned;
and he understands how the abandoned thÄ«namiddhÄ does not come to arise
in the future.
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being
uddhacca-kukkucca present within, understands: “there is
uddhacca-kukkucca within me”; there not being uddhacca-kukkucca present
within, he understands: “there is no uddhacca-kukkucca within me”; he
understands how the unarisen uddhacca-kukkucca comes to arise; he
understands how the arisen uddhacca-kukkucca is abandoned; and he
understands how the abandoned uddhacca-kukkucca does not come to arise
in the future
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being vicikicchÄ
present within, understands: “there is vicikicchÄ within me”; there not
being vicikicchÄ present within, he understands: “there is no vicikicchÄ
within me”; he understands how the unarisen vicikicchÄ comes to arise;
he understands how the arisen vicikicchÄ is abandoned; and he
understands how the abandoned vicikicchÄ does not come to arise in the
future.
Thus he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally,
or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas externally, or he dwells
observing dhammas in dhammas internally and externally; he dwells
observing the samudaya of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing
the passing away of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the
samudaya and passing away of phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:]
“these are dhammas!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere
ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to
anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
dhammas in dhammas, with reference to the five nÄ«varaį¹as.
B. Section on the Khandhas
And
furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
with reference to the five khandhas. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how does
a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the five
khandhas?
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu [discerns]: “such is rÅ«pa,
such is the samudaya of rūpa, such is the passing away of rūpa; such is
vedanÄ, such is the samudaya of vedanÄ, such is the passing away of
vedanÄ; such is saƱƱÄ, such is the samudaya of saƱƱÄ, such is the
passing away of saƱƱÄ; such is saį¹
khÄra, such is the samudaya of
saį¹
khÄra, such is the passing away of saį¹
khÄra; such is viƱƱÄį¹a, such is
the samudaya of viƱƱÄį¹a, such is the passing away of viƱƱÄį¹a”.
Thus
he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally, or he dwells
observing dhammas in dhammas externally, or he dwells observing dhammas
in dhammas internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya
of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the passing away of
phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing
away of phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:] “these are dhammas!”
sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere
paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas,
with reference to the five khandhas.
C. Section on the Sense Spheres
And
furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
with reference to the six internal and external Äyatanas. And
furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in
dhammas with reference to the six internal and external Äyatanas?
Here,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu understands cakkhu, he understands rūpa, he
understands the saį¹yojana which arises owing to these two, he
understands how the unarisen saį¹yojana comes to arise, he understands
how the arisen saį¹yojana is abandoned, and he understands how the
abandoned saį¹yojana does not come to arise in the future.
He
understands sota, he understands sadda, he understands the saį¹yojana
which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen
saį¹yojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saį¹yojana is
abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saį¹yojana does not come
to arise in the future.
He understands ghÄna, he understands
gandha, he understands the saį¹yojana which arises owing to these two, he
understands how the unarisen saį¹yojana comes to arise, he understands
how the arisen saį¹yojana is abandoned, and he understands how the
abandoned saį¹yojana does not come to arise in the future.
He
understands jivha, he understands rasa, he understands the saį¹yojana
which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen
saį¹yojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saį¹yojana is
abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saį¹yojana does not come
to arise in the future.
He understands kÄya, he understands
phoį¹į¹habba, he understands the saį¹yojana which arises owing to these
two, he understands how the unarisen saį¹yojana comes to arise, he
understands how the arisen saį¹yojana is abandoned, and he understands
how the abandoned saį¹yojana does not come to arise in the future.
He
understands mana, he understands dhammas, he understands the saį¹yojana
which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen
saį¹yojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saį¹yojana is
abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saį¹yojana does not come
to arise in the future.
Thus he dwells observing dhammas in
dhammas internally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
externally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally and
externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in dhammas, or
he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in dhammas, or he
dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in dhammas;
or else, [realizing:] “these are dhammas!” sati is present in him, just
to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and
does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu
dwells observing dhammas in dhammas, with reference to the six internal
and external Äyatanas.
D. Section on the Bojjhaį¹ gas
And
furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
with reference to the seven bojjhaį¹
gas. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how
does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the
seven bojjhaį¹
gas?
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being the sati
sambojjhaį¹
ga present within, understands: “there is the sati
sambojjhaį¹
ga within me”; there not being the sati sambojjhaį¹
ga present
within, he understands: “there is no sati sambojjhaį¹
ga within me”; he
understands how the unarisen sati sambojjhaį¹
ga comes to arise; he
understands how the arisen sati sambojjhaį¹
ga is developed to perfection.
There
being the dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹
ga present within, he understands:
“there is the dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹
ga within me”; there not being the
dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹
ga present within, he understands: “there is no
dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹
ga within me”; he understands how the unarisen
dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹
ga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen
dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹
ga is developed to perfection.
There being
the vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹
ga present within, he understands: “there is the
vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹
ga within me”; there not being the vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹
ga
present within, he understands: “there is no vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹
ga within
me”; he understands how the unarisen vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹
ga comes to arise;
he understands how the arisen vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹
ga is developed to
perfection.
There being the pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹
ga present within, he
understands: “there is the pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹
ga within me”; there not being
the pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹
ga present within, he understands: “there is no pÄ«ti
sambojjhaį¹
ga within me”; he understands how the unarisen pÄ«ti
sambojjhaį¹
ga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen pīti
sambojjhaį¹
ga is developed to perfection. There being the passaddhi
sambojjhaį¹
ga present within, he understands: “there is the passaddhi
sambojjhaį¹
ga within me”; there not being the passaddhi sambojjhaį¹
ga
present within, he understands: “there is no passaddhi sambojjhaį¹
ga
within me”; he understands how the unarisen passaddhi sambojjhaį¹
ga comes
to arise; he understands how the arisen passaddhi sambojjhaį¹
ga is
developed to perfection.
There being the samÄdhi sambojjhaį¹
ga
present within, he understands: “there is the samÄdhi sambojjhaį¹
ga
within me”; there not being the samÄdhi sambojjhaį¹
ga present within, he
understands: “there is no samÄdhi sambojjhaį¹
ga within me”; he
understands how the unarisen samÄdhi sambojjhaį¹
ga comes to arise; he
understands how the arisen samÄdhi sambojjhaį¹
ga is developed to
perfection.
There being the upekkhÄ sambojjhaį¹
ga present within,
he understands: “there is the upekkhÄ sambojjhaį¹
ga within me”; there not
being the upekkhÄ sambojjhaį¹
ga present within, he understands: “there
is no upekkhÄ sambojjhaį¹
ga within me”; he understands how the unarisen
upekkhÄ sambojjhaį¹
ga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen
upekkhÄ sambojjhaį¹
ga is developed to perfection.
Thus he dwells
observing dhammas in dhammas internally, or he dwells observing dhammas
in dhammas externally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena
in dhammas, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in
dhammas, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of
phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:] “these are dhammas!” sati is
present in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere paį¹issati, he
dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas, with reference
to the seven bojjhaį¹
gas.
E. Section on the Truths
And
furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
with reference to the four ariyaĀ·saccas. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how
does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the
four ariyaĀ·saccas?
E1. Exposition of Dukkhasacca
And what,
bhikkhus, is the dukkha ariyasacca? JÄti is dukkha, aging is dukkha
(sickness is dukkha) maraį¹a is dukkha, sorrow, lamentation, dukkha,
domanassa and distress is dukkha, association with what is disliked is
dukkha, dissociation from what is liked is dukkha, not to get what one
wants is dukkha; in short, the five upÄdÄnaĀ·kĀ·khandhas are dukkha.
And
what, bhikkhus, is jÄti? For the various beings in the various classes
of beings, jÄti, the birth, the descent [into the womb], the arising [in
the world], the appearance, the apparition of the khandhas, the
acquisition of the Äyatanas. This, bhikkhus, is called jÄti.
And
what, bhikkhus, is jarÄ? For the various beings in the various classes
of beings, jarÄ, the state of being decayed, of having broken [teeth],
of having grey hair, of being wrinkled, the decline of vitality, the
decay of the indriyas: this, bhikkhus, is called jarÄ.
And what,
bhikkhus, is maraį¹a? For the various beings in the various classes of
beings, the decease, the state of shifting [out of existence], the break
up, the disappearance, the death, maraį¹a, the passing away, the break
up of the khandhas, the laying down of the corpse: this, bhikkhus, is
called maraį¹a.
And what, bhikkhus, is sorrow? In one, bhikkhus,
associated with various kinds of misfortune, touched by various kinds of
dukkha dhammas, the sorrrow, the mourning, the state of grief, the
inner sorrow, the inner great sorrow: this, bhikkhus, is called sorrow.
And
what, bhikkhus, is lamentation? In one, bhikkhus, associated with
various kinds of misfortune, touched by various kinds of dukkha dhammas,
the cries, the lamentations, the weeping, the wailing, the state of
crying, the state of lamentating: this, bhikkhus, is called lamentation.
And
what, bhikkhus, is dukkha? Whatever, bhikkhus, bodily dukkha, bodily
unpleasantness, dukkha engendered by bodily contact, unpleasant
vedayitas: this, bhikkhus, is called dukkha.
And what, bhikkhus,
is domanassa? Whatever, bhikkhus, mental dukkha, mental unpleasantness,
dukkha engendered by mental contact, unpleasant vedayitas: this,
bhikkhus, is called domanassa.
And what, bhikkhus, is despair? In
one, bhikkhus, associated with various kinds of misfortune, touched by
various kinds of dukkha dhammas, the trouble, the despair, the state of
being in trouble, the state of being in despair: this, bhikkhus, is
called despair.
And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha of being
associated with what is disagreeable? Here, as to the forms, sounds,
tastes, odors, bodily phenomena and mental phenomena there are which are
unpleasing, not enjoyable, unpleasant, or else those who desire one’s
disadvantage, those who desire one’s loss, those who desire one’s
discomfort, those who desire one’s non-liberation from attachment,
meeting, being associated, being together, encountering them: this,
bhikkhus, is called the dukkha of being associated with what is
disagreeable.
And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha of being
dissociated from what is agreeable? Here, as to the forms, sounds,
tastes, odors, bodily phenomena and mental phenomena there are which are
pleasing, enjoyable, pleasant, or else those who desire one’s
advantage, those who desire one’s benefit, those who desire one’s
comfort, those who desire one’s liberation from attachment, not meeting,
not being associated, not being together, not encountering them: this,
bhikkhus, is called the dukkha of being dissociated from what is
agreeable.
And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha of not getting what
one wants? In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of being born,
such a wish arises: “oh really, may there not be jÄti for us, and
really, may we not come to jÄti.” But this is not to be achieved by
wishing. This is the dukkha of not getting what one wants.
In
beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of getting old, such a wish
arises: “oh really, may there not be jarÄ for us, and really, may we not
come to jarÄ.” But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the
dukkha of not getting what one wants.
In beings, bhikkhus, having
the characteristic of getting sick, such a wish arises: “oh really, may
there not be sickness for us, and really, may we not come to sickness.”
But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha of not
getting what one wants.
In beings, bhikkhus, having the
characteristic of getting old, such a wish arises: “oh really, may there
not be maraį¹a for us, and really, may we not come to maraį¹a.” But this
is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha of not getting what
one wants.
In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of
sorrow, lamentation, dukkha, domanassa and distress, such a wish arises:
“oh really, may there not be sorrow, lamentation, dukkha, domanassa and
distress for us, and really, may we not come to sorrow, lamentation,
dukkha, domanassa and distress.” But this is not to be achieved by
wishing. This is the dukkha of not getting what one wants.
And
what, bhikkhus, are in short the five upÄdÄnakkhandhas? They are: the
rÅ«pa upÄdÄnakkhandha, the vedanÄ upÄdÄnakkhandha, the saƱƱÄ
upÄdÄnakkhandha, the saį¹
khÄra upÄdÄnakkhandha, the viƱƱÄį¹a
upÄdÄnakkhandha. These are called in short, bhikkhus, the five
upÄdÄnakkhandhas.
This is called, bhikkhus, the dukkha ariyasacca
E2. Exposition of Samudayasacca
And
what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? It is this taį¹hÄ
leading to rebirth, connected with desire and enjoyment, finding delight
here or there, that is to say: kÄma-taį¹hÄ, bhava-taį¹hÄ and
vibhava-taį¹hÄ. But this taį¹hÄ, bhikkhus, when arising, where does it
arise, and when settling [itself], where does it settle? In that in the
world which seems pleasant and agreeable, that is where taį¹hÄ, when
arising, arises, where when settling, it settles.
And what in the
world is pleasant and agreeable? The eye in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The ear in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ,
when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The nose in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The tongue in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. KÄya in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Mana in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles.
Visible forms in the world are pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. Sounds in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ,
when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Smells in the
world are pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. Tastes in the world are pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. Bodily phenomena in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Dhammas
in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising,
arises, there when settling, it settles.
The eye-viƱƱÄį¹a in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The ear-viƱƱÄį¹a in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles. The nose-viƱƱÄį¹a in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The tongue-viƱƱÄį¹a in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.
KÄya-viƱƱÄį¹a in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Mana-viƱƱÄį¹a in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles.
The eye-samphassa in the world
is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles. The ear-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The nose-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
tongue-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ,
when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. KÄya-samphassa in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. Mana-samphassa in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles.
The vedanÄ born of eye-samphassa in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vedanÄ born of ear-samphassa in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vedanÄ born of nose-samphassa in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vedanÄ born of tongue-samphassa in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vedanÄ born of kÄya-samphassa in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vedanÄ born of mana-samphassa in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles.
The saĆ±Ć±Ä of visible forms in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The saĆ±Ć±Ä of sounds in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles. The saĆ±Ć±Ä of odors in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The saĆ±Ć±Ä of tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
saĆ±Ć±Ä of bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The saƱƱÄ
of Dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.
The intention
[related to] visible forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
intention [related to] sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
intention [related to] odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
intention [related to] tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
intention [related to] bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The intention [related to] dhammas in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles.
The taį¹hÄ for visible forms in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The taį¹hÄ for sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
taį¹hÄ for odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ,
when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The taį¹hÄ for
tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The taį¹hÄ for bodily
phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The taį¹hÄ for dhammas
in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising,
arises, there when settling, it settles.
The vicÄra of visible forms
in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising,
arises, there when settling, it settles. The vicÄra of sounds in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vicÄra of odors in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles. The vicÄra of tastes in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The vicÄra of bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The vicÄra of dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. This
is called, bhikkhus, the dukkhaĀ·samudaya ariyasacca.
E3. Exposition of Nirodhasacca
And
what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? It is this taį¹hÄ
leading to rebirth, connected with desire and enjoyment, finding delight
here or there, that is to say: kÄma-taį¹hÄ, bhava-taį¹hÄ and
vibhava-taį¹hÄ. But this taį¹hÄ, bhikkhus, when abandoned, where is it
abandoned, and when ceasing, where does it cease? In that in the world
which seems pleasant and agreeable, that is where taį¹hÄ, when abandoned,
is abandoned, where when ceasing, it ceases.
And what in the
world is pleasant and agreeable? The eye in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The ear in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it
ceases. The nose in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The tongue
in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. KÄya in the world is pleasant
and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. Mana in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.
Visible
forms in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Sounds in the
world are pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Smells in the world are
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases. Tastes in the world are pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. Bodily phenomena in the world are pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. Dhammas in the world are pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it
ceases.
The eye-viƱƱÄį¹a in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it
ceases. The ear-viƱƱÄį¹a in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
nose-viƱƱÄį¹a in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
tongue-viƱƱÄį¹a in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. KÄya-viƱƱÄį¹a in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Mana-viƱƱÄį¹a in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases.
The eye-samphassa in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases. The ear-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The nose-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The tongue-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. KÄya-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. Mana-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases.
The vedanÄ born of eye-samphassa in the world
is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned,
there when ceasing, it ceases. The vedanÄ born of ear-samphassa in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vedanÄ born of
nose-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vedanÄ born
of tongue-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
vedanÄ born of kÄya-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it
ceases. The vedanÄ born of mana-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases.
The saĆ±Ć±Ä of visible forms in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases. The saĆ±Ć±Ä of sounds in the world is pleasant
and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The saĆ±Ć±Ä of odors in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The saĆ±Ć±Ä of tastes in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The saĆ±Ć±Ä of bodily phenomena in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases. The saĆ±Ć±Ä of Dhammas in the world is pleasant
and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases.
The intention [related to] visible forms in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The intention [related to]
sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The intention
[related to] odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
intention [related to] tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it
ceases. The intention [related to] bodily phenomena in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases. The intention [related to] dhammas in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.
The taį¹hÄ for visible
forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The taį¹hÄ for
sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The taį¹hÄ for
odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The taį¹hÄ for
tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The taį¹hÄ for
bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The taį¹hÄ
for dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.
The
vitakka of visible forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
vitakka of sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vitakka
of odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vitakka of
tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vitakka of
bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vitakka
of dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.
The
vicÄra of visible forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹hÄ, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
vicÄra of sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vicÄra
of odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vicÄra of
tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vicÄra of
bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vicÄra
of dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹hÄ, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. This is called,
bhikkhus, the dukkhaĀ·nirodha ariyasacca.
E4. Exposition of Maggasacca
And
what, bhikkhus, is the dukkhaĀ·nirodhaĀ·gÄminÄ« paį¹ipadÄ ariyasacca? It is
just this ariya aį¹į¹haį¹
gika magga, that is to say sammÄdiį¹į¹hi,
sammÄsaį¹
kappo, sammÄvÄcÄ, sammÄkammanto, sammÄ-ÄjÄ«vo, sammÄvÄyÄmo,
sammÄsati and sammÄsamÄdhi.
And what, bhikkhus, is sammÄdiį¹į¹hi?
That, bhikkhus, which is the ƱÄį¹a of dukkha, the ƱÄį¹a of
dukkha-samudaya, the ƱÄį¹a of dukkha-nirodha and the ƱÄį¹a of
dukkha-nirodha-gÄmini paį¹ipada, that is called, bhikkhus, sammÄdiį¹į¹hi.
And
what, bhikkhus, are sammÄsaį¹
kappas? Those, bhikkhus, which are
saį¹
kappas of nekkhamma, saį¹
kappas of abyÄpÄda, saį¹
kappas of avihiį¹sÄ,
those are called, bhikkhus, sammÄsaį¹
kappas.
And what, bhikkhus,
is sammÄvÄcÄ? That, bhikkhus, which is abstaining from musÄvÄdÄ,
abstaining from pisuį¹a vÄcÄ, abstaining from pharusa vÄcÄ, and
abstaining from samphappalÄpa, that is called, bhikkhus, sammÄvÄcÄ.
And
what, bhikkhus, is sammÄ-kammanta? That, bhikkhus, which is abstaining
from pÄį¹ÄtipÄta , abstaining from adinnÄdÄna, abstaining from
abrahmacariya, that is called, bhikkhus, sammÄ-kammanta.
And
what, bhikkhus, is sammÄ-ÄjÄ«va? Here, bhikkhus, a noble disciple, having
abandonned wrong livelihood, supports his life by right means of
livelihood, that is called, bhikkhus, sammÄ-ÄjÄ«va.
And what,
bhikkhus, is sammÄvÄyÄma? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu generates his chanda
for the non-arising of unarisen pÄpaka and akusala dhammas, he exerts
himself, rouses his viriya, applies vigorously his citta and strives; he
generates his chanda for the forsaking of arisen pÄpaka and akusala
dhammas, he exerts himself, rouses his viriya, applies vigorously his
citta and strives; he generates his chanda for the arising of unarisen
kusala dhammas, he exerts himself, rouses his viriya, applies vigorously
his citta and strives; he generates his chanda for the steadfastness of
arisen kusala dhammas, for their absence of confusion, for their
increase, their development, their cultivation and their completion, he
exerts himself, rouses his viriya, applies vigorously his citta and
strives. This is called, bhikkhus, sammÄvÄyÄma.
An what,
bhikkhus, is sammÄsati? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kÄya
in kÄya, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa
towards the world. He dwells observing vedanÄ in vedanÄ, ÄtÄpÄ«
sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world.
He dwells observing citta in citta, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ, having
given up abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing
dhammaĀ·s in dhammaĀ·s, ÄtÄpÄ« sampajÄno, satimÄ, having given up
abhijjhÄ-domanassa towards the world. This is called, bhikkhus,
sammÄsati.
And what, bhikkhus, is sammÄsamÄdhi? Here, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, detached from kÄma, detached from akusala dhammas, having
entered in the first jhÄna, abides therein, with vitakka and vicÄra,
with pīti and sukha born of detachment. With the stilling of
vitakka-vicÄra, having entered in the second jhÄna, he abides therein
with inner tanquilization, unification of citta, without vitakka nor
vicÄra, with pÄ«ti and sukha born of samÄdhi. And with indifference
towards pÄ«ti, he abides in upekkha, sato and sampajÄno, he experiences
in kÄya the sukha which the ariyas describe: ‘one who is equanimous and
mindful dwells in [this] sukha’, having entered in the third jhÄna, he
abides therein. Abandoning sukha and abandoning dukkha, somanassa and
domanassa having previously disappeared, without sukha nor dukkha, with
the purity of upekkha and sati, having entered in the fourth jhÄna, he
abides therein. This is called, bhikkhus, sammÄsamÄdhi.
This is called, bhikkhus, the dukkhaĀ·nirodhaĀ·gÄminÄ« paį¹ipadÄ ariyasacca.
Thus
he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally, or he dwells
observing dhammas in dhammas externally, or he dwells observing dhammas
in dhammas internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya
of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the passing away of
phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing
away of phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:] “these are dhammas!”
sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ƱÄį¹a and mere
paį¹issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas,
with reference to the four ariyaĀ·saccas.
The benefits of practicing the Satipaį¹į¹hÄnas
For
whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way
for seven years, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect]
knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left,
anÄgÄmita.
Let alone seven years, bhikkhus. For whoever,
bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way for six
years, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in
visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anÄgÄmita.
Let
alone six years, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these
four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way for five years, one of two results may be
expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there
is some clinging left, anÄgÄmita.
Let alone five years, bhikkhus.
For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this
way for four years, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect]
knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left,
anÄgÄmita.
Let alone four years, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus,
would practice these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way for three years,
one of two results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in
visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anÄgÄmita.
Let
alone three years, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice
these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way for two years, one of two results
may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if
there is some clinging left, anÄgÄmita.
Let alone two years,
bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas
in this way for one year, one of two results may be expected: either
[perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging
left, anÄgÄmita.
Let alone one year, bhikkhus. For whoever,
bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way for seven
months, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge
in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anÄgÄmita.
Let
alone seven months, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice
these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way for six months, one of two results
may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if
there is some clinging left, anÄgÄmita.
Let alone six months,
bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas
in this way for five months, one of two results may be expected: either
[perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging
left, anÄgÄmita.
Let alone five months, bhikkhus. For whoever,
bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way for four
months, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge
in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anÄgÄmita.
Let
alone four months, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice
these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way for three months, one of two
results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible
phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anÄgÄmita.
Let
alone three months, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice
these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way for two months, one of two results
may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if
there is some clinging left, anÄgÄmita.
Let alone two months,
bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas
in this way for one month, one of two results may be expected: either
[perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging
left, anÄgÄmita.
Let alone one month, bhikkhus. For whoever,
bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way for half a
month, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge
in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anÄgÄmita.
Let
alone half a month, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice
these four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas in this way for a week, one of two results may
be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if
there is some clinging left, anÄgÄmita.
“This, bhikkhus, is the
path that leads to nothing but the purification of beings, the
overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, the disappearance of
dukkha-domanassa, the attainment of the right way, the realization of
NibbÄna, that is to say the four satipaį¹į¹hÄnas.” Thus has it been said,
and on the basis of all this has it been said.
Thus spoke the BhagavÄ. Delighted, the bhikkhus welcomed the words of the BhagavÄ.
https://tenor.com/view/
https://economictimes.
COVID-19 conspiracy claims, but virus origins still a mystery.
There were still no conclusive answers as to where the disease started.
SARS-CoV-2,
now responsible for more than 200,000 deaths worldwide, was synthesised
by the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), based in the city where the
disease was first identified.
May
all be Happy, Well and Secure!May all live Long!May all have calm,
quiet, alert, attentive and equanimity Mind with a clear understanding
that Everything is Changing!
The Blessed,Noble,Awakened One-The
TathagataGive people time.Give people space.Don’t beg anyone to stay.Let
them roam.What’s meant for you willalways be yours.
https://tricycle.org/magazine/
Where Wordās Hunger Struggle Is Headed
Maį¹imÄkalai , ājewelled belt, girdle of gemsā
received a magicAtchaya Pathiram
(begging bowl) , which always gets filled.
Akshaya pathram Manimegalai the follower of Awakened One with Awareness said that
āHunger is the worst kind of illness.ā
āThe whole secret of existence is to have no fear.ā
Manimekalai
converted the prison into a hospice to help the needy, teaches the king
the dhamma of the Buddha. In the final five cantos of the epic,
Buddhist teachers recite Four Noble Truths, Twelve Nidanas and other
ideas to her.
Volunteers must become full-time members to
fullfill the vision & aspiration of his spiritual Manimekala Akshya
Pathram. Must be committed to the cause currently and involve in
strategy, growth, and governance of Akshaya Patra.
The journey so
far and what the future holds in the mission to end hunger for children
and adults in the world. Technology must be used in mass production
for the fantastic results. Other initiatives of the Akshaya Patra must
help children and adults from underprivileged backgrounds achieve their
dreams.
All the Governments all over the world allot funds for
the governance of Akshaya Patra and order all the vans used by postal
department, police vans to supply provisions, vegetables and food in
edible food packs till all the curfews are removed.
The state-of-the-art kitchens must become a subject of study and attract curious visitors from around the world.
Partnership
with the Governments all over the world India and various State
Governments, along with the persistent support from corporates,
individual donors, and well-wishers have to help Manimekali Akshya
Pathram to serve millions of underprevilaged children and adults.Picture
a life in which your every waking moment is spent searching for food.
Your belly is distended and your limbs are emaciated like a starving
childās. Your hunger is ceaseless and painful, but your throat is no
wider than the eye of a needle. When you find food, you canāt swallow
it. Not even a bite. The hunger persists, and your search continues.
Such is the fate of pretas in Buddhist traditionāthe hungry ghosts.These
poor souls were reborn this way because in past lives they were driven
by desire, greed, anger, and ignorance. While you might find yourself
checking a few of these boxes on any given day, in Buddhism you have to
take such vices to the extreme to end up with such a tortured
existenceālike committing murder in a jealous rage. So no need to
panic.Itās a tradition in many Asian cultures to leave offerings of food
for the hungry ghosts. But this doesnāt really help. It turns out these
ghosts arenāt really searching for food. Or they are, but their search
is misguided. Hunger for the ghosts has nothing to do with food, and
everything to do with what they did in their previous time on earth.
Thereās plenty of food for them, but they canāt eat it. Like every
religious parable, thereās an important lesson here: itās not food they
really need.Back here in the human realm, we still look to food to do
much more than nourish our bodies and satisfy our hunger. We turn to
food in times of great joy and great sadness. When something wonderful
happens, we celebrate with a dinner out. We drink champagne, we eat
cake, we splurge on nice meals. Food becomes part of the rejoicing. And
the opposite is true, too. Thereās a long tradition of providing food to
those who are grieving. We band together to provide meals to friends in
crisisāyou may, at some point in your life, have signed up on a
spreadsheet or email thread to bring meals to someone mourning, someone
recovering, someone struggling. In times of sadness, we instinctively
want to provide comfort in a tangible way. And very often, we do that
with food.Food is there for all of itāthe good times and the bad. And to
some extent, it makes sense. Itās fun to go out and celebrate a raise,
an anniversary, or a graduation. And it feels right that when people are
truly suffering, the last thing they should worry about is putting
together a meal. In these moments of tragedy or triumph, food is a
worthy and welcome ally.The problem comes when we use food to comfort
and reward ourselves when the stakes are much, much lower. Finally I got
the kids to sleep, now I can eat those cookies Iāve been eyeing. That
big meeting today was a mess, time for a big glass of wine. These
mundane highs and lows are challenging. But they are not worthy of great
sadness or great celebration. Or, really, food.Related: Read a
collection of Tricycle Teachings on Food And we know it, too.
Imagine
going out for dinner to celebrate fixing the washing machine. Or
delivering a meal to a friend who had a bad sunburn. It sounds
ridiculous. But we still give ourselves mini-rewards for minor
successes, and mini-comforts for minor irritationsāand they often
involve food. We wonāt buy ourselves a celebratory cake, but we might
well take a slice if thereās some in the refrigerator. Or we might find
ourselves a bag of chips or a cold beer. Each of these could easily be
several hundred calories. And worse still, itās generally at the end of a
long day that we find ourselves wanting this reward or comfortāthe
worst possible time for our bodies. Do that regularly, and it adds up
fast.Thereās a reason we do this, of course. Food is a natural reward.
Think of Ivan Pavlov and his studies of classical conditioning in
dogsāhe trained them with food. The comfort foods we usually turn toāthe
ones full of starch and sugarāare scientifically proven to improve our
mood. Ever hear someone refer to a particularly enticing snack as being
ālike crackā? Eating tasty food seems to activate the same parts of the
brain as addictive drugs and even cause the release of natural opiates.
Studies have shown that carbohydrates in particular increase serotonin
release, the chemical in the body that boosts mood. The more serotonin,
the better you feel. Fatty foods are the same. Brain scans of
participants in a 2011 study, who were fed either a solution of fatty
acids or a saline solution via a feeding tube, showed that those who got
the fatty acids had less activity in the areas of the brain that
controlled sadness, even after listening to āsad classical music.ā (Yes,
people actually volunteered for this studyāwith sad music and a feeding
tube.)So whatās wrong with that? Better than actual crack at least,
right? If food really does help with our mood, isnāt that a good
thing?Yes and no. But mostly no. Remember those hungry ghosts? They get a
bit of relief when they taste the food on their tongues. So do you,
studies tell usāand youāre luckier than the hungry ghosts because at
least you can swallow your chocolate. But that relief is temporary. The
bad day still lingers, smothered by the brownie, pretzel, or muffin. And
just like the hungry ghosts, you arenāt really looking for food. What
the ghosts truly want is relief from the void created by desire, greed,
anger, and ignoranceāyet they keep trying to fill that empty feeling
with food, even though it never works. Sound familiar?Not only are these
self-soothing snacks not all that soothing, but when we use food to
comfort and provide relief from stress, weāre using it at a time when we
can least afford the calories. A recent Ohio State University study of
58 healthy middle-aged women revealed that experiencing one or more
stressful events the day before eating a single high-fat meal actually
slowed their metabolism. And not just a littleāenough to āadd up to
almost 11 pounds across a yearā according to the authors. Stress seems
to cause the body to freak out and cling to the calories, thinking it
might need them later. This may be a biological holdover from times of
famine, or when we werenāt all that sure when weād spear our next woolly
mammoth. Whatever weāre stressed about todayāwhether an ill loved one, a
struggling relationship, a financial burden, or a lousy jobāprobably
wonāt cause us to starve tomorrow. But our bodies havenāt evolved to
know the difference.And it gets worse. Overeating for any reason often
leads to these same negative emotional states that then trigger more
overeating. A study of both normal-weight and overweight women in
Germany found that they felt sadness, shame, and anxiety after eating
high-calorie foodsāwith the overweight women reporting the most intense
emotional responses. So we overeat when weāre sad or stressed, then get
more sad and stressed when we overeat. In between, we gain weight, which
is also associated with depression and makes everything worse. Itās
another vicious cycle of āovereating, weight gain, and depressed
mood.āRelated: I Tried the Buddhist Monk DietāAnd It Worked Luckily,
there are many ways to deal with stress. The healthiest approach is to
take steps to address the actual cause. That may mean facing the reality
of a bad relationship, or seeking out a new job, or saying no to
commitments that have you stretched too thin. Social diversionābasically
hanging out with friends or familyāalso works well. In fact, of all the
ways to distract yourself, this seems to be the most effective.What
psychologists call āemotion-oriented copingā is the most dangerous. This
is when you blame yourself, daydream, fantasize, and otherwise ruminate
on your miserable life. Maybe lying in bed listening to sad music.
Donāt do that. This often leads to emotional eatingāperhaps because it
just doesnāt work on its own. Awful-izing rarely makes us feel better.On
the other hand, meditation and mindfulnessāa few minutes of pure
silence and peaceāhave been shown to help significantly. Similarly,
studies of yoga for relieving stress and anxiety are very promising, and
have even shown that yoga can reduce preoccupations with food for those
with serious eating disorders. Physical exercise has long been known to
improve our moods, and also seems to help us fight anxiety. Exposure to
nature helps many people. You may have to try several things before you
find something that works for you. But donāt let yourself use food as
your cure.You will slip up, of course, now and again. These are hard
habits to break. But think carefully about just how often you are
engaging in these behaviors, and see them for what they areāa temporary
fix that can cause a lasting problem. And remember the lesson of the
hungry ghosts. The unsettled self can never be sated with food.
ā¦From Buddhaās Diet: The Ancient Art of Losing Weight Without Losing Your Mind, by Tara Cottrell and Dan Zigmond, Ā© 2016.
Reprinted
with permission of Running Press, an imprint of Perseus Books, a
division of PBG Publishing, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group.
There is no fire like passion
No crime like hatred,
No sorrow like separation,
No sickness like hunger,
And
no joy like the joy of freedom. Gautama Buddha Zen famously says: when
hungry, eat; when tired, sleep. But all things in moderation - as the
Buddha discovered in time to avoid starving to death.
UN News
Over
820 million people suffering from hunger; new UN report reveals
stubborn realities of āimmenseā global challenge Economic Development
After
nearly a decade of progress, the number of people who suffer from
hunger has slowly increased over the past three years, with about one in
every nine people globally suffering from hunger today, the United
Nations said in a new report released on Monday.
This fact
underscores āthe immense challengeā to achieving the Zero Hunger target
of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, according to the
State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019.
The
report, launched on the margins of the High-level Political Forum (HLPF)
ā the main UN platform monitoring follow-up on Statesā actions on the
SDGs ā currently under way in New York, breaks down statistics by
region, and shows that hunger has risen almost 20 per cent in Africaās
subregions, areas which also have the greatest prevalence of
undernourishment.
Although the pervasiveness of hunger in Latin
America and the Caribbean is still below seven per cent, it is slowly
increasing. And in Asia, undernourishment affects 11 per cent of
the population.
Although
southern Asia saw great progress over the last five years, at almost 15
per cent, it is still the subregion with the highest prevalence of
undernourishment.
āOur actions to tackle these troubling trends
will have to be bolder, not only in scale but also in terms of
multisectoral collaboration,ā the heads of the UN Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development
(IFAD), the UN Childrenās Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Programme (WFP)
and the World
Health Organization (WHO) urged in their joint foreword to the report.
Hunger
is increasing in many countries where economic growth is lagging,
particularly in middle-income countries and those that rely heavily on
international primary commodity trade. The annual UN report also found
that income inequality is rising in many of the countries where hunger
is on the rise, making it even more difficult forthe poor, vulnerable or
marginalized to cope with economic slowdowns and downturns.
āWe
must foster pro-poor and inclusive structural transformation focusing on
people and placing communities at the centre to reduce economic
vulnerabilities and set ourselves on track to ending hunger, food
insecurity and all forms of malnutrition,ā the UN leaders said.Food
insecurity
This yearās edition of the report takes a broader look at the impact of food insecurity ā beyond hunger.
It
introduces, for the first time, a second indicator for monitoring
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Target 2.1 on the Prevalence of
Moderate or Severe Food Insecurity that shows that 17.2 per cent of the
worldās population, or 1.3 billion people, lacked regular access to
ānutritious and sufficient foodā.
āEven if they were not necessarily
suffering from hunger, they are at greater risk of various forms of
malnutrition and poor healthā, according to the report.The combination
of moderate and severe levels of food insecurity brings the estimate to
about two billion people, where in every continent, women are slightly
more food insecure than men.
Low birthweight still a major challenge
Turning to children, the report disclosed that since 2012, no progress
has been made in reducing low birthweight.
Additionally, while the
number of under-age-five children affected by stunting has decreased
over the past six years by 10 per cent globally, the pace of progress is
too slow to meet the 2030 target of halving the number of stunted
children.
Furthermore, overweight and obesity continue to increase
throughout all regions, particularly among school-age children and
adults. Income inequality increases the likelihood of severe food
insecurity ā UN report
To safeguard food security and nutrition, the
2019 report stresses the importance to economic and social policies to
counteract the effects of adverse economic cycles when they arrive,
while avoiding cuts in essential services.
It maintains that the
uneven pace of economic recovery āis undermining efforts to end hunger
and malnutrition, with hunger increasing in many countries where the
economy
has slowed down or contractedā, mostly in middle-income nations.
Moreover,
economic slowdowns or downturns disproportionally undermine food
security and nutrition where inequalities are greater.
The report
concludes with guidance on what short- and long-term policies must be
undertaken to safeguard food security and nutrition during episodes of
economic turmoil or in preparation for them, such as integrating food
security and nutrition concerns into poverty reduction efforts using
pro-poor and inclusive structural transformations. Solving Indiaās
hunger problem The Supreme Court has agreed to examine a plea that
starvation deaths continue to eat into the right to life and dignity of
social fabric and a āradicalā new measure like community kitchens need
to be set up across the country to feed the poor and the hungry.
A
Bench led by Justice N.V. Ramana issued notice on Monday to the
government on the petition filed jointly by activists Anun Dhawan,
Ishann Dhawan and Kunjana Singh, represented by advocates Ashima Mandla
and Fuzail Ahmad Ayyubi. State-funded community Asskhaya Patra kitchens
must be the novel concept in all countries. For combating starvation
and malnutrition crisis every locality must have Akshaya Patra kitchens
along with the existing hotels and bakeries.
https://www.ancient-buddhist-
Book
XV. Happiness, Sukha VaggaXV. 5. The Buddha feeds the Hungry 01203.
Hunger is the greatest of afflictions; the Aggregates of Being are the
principal source of suffering;
If a man thoroughly understand
this, he has attained NibbÄna, Supreme Happiness.This religious
instruction was given by the Teacher while he was in residence at Äįø·avi
with reference to a certain lay disciple.
For one day, as the
Teacher seated in the Perfumed Chamber at Jetavana {3.262} surveyed the
world at dawn, he beheld a certain poor man at Äįø·avi. Perceiving that he
possessed the faculties requisite for attaining the Fruit of
Conversion, he surrounded himself with a company of five hundred monks
and went to Äįø·avi.
The inhabitants of Äįø·avi straightway invited
the Teacher to be their guest. That poor man also heard that the Teacher
had arrived and made up his mind to go and hear the Teacher preach the
Law. But that very [30.75] day an ox of his strayed off. So he
considered within himself, āShall I seek that ox, or shall I go and hear
the Law?ā And he came to the following conclusion, āI will first seek
that ox and then go and hear the Law.ā Accordingly, early in the
morning, he set out to seek his ox.The residents of Äįø·avi provided seats
for the Congregation of Monks presided over by the Buddha, served them
with food, and after the meal took the Teacherās bowl, that he might
pronounce the words of thanksgiving. Said the Teacher, āHe for whose
sake I came hither a journey of thirty leagues has gone into the forest
to seek his ox which was lost. Not until he returns, will I preach the
Law.ā And he held his peace.While it was still day, that poor man found
his ox and straightway drove the ox back to the herd. Then he thought to
himself, āEven if I can do nothing else, I will at least pay my
respects to the Teacher.ā Accordingly, although he was oppressed with
the pangs of hunger, he decided not to go home, but went quickly to the
Teacher, and having paid obeisance to the Teacher, sat down respectfully
on one side. When the poor man came and stood before the Teacher, the
Teacher said to the steward of the alms, āIs there any food remaining
over and above to the Congregation of Monks?ā āReverend Sir, the food
has not been touched.ā āWell then, serve this poor man with food.ā So
when the steward had provided that poor man with a seat in a place
indicated by the Teacher, he served him dutifully with rice-porridge and
other food, both hard and soft. When the poor man had eaten his meal,
he rinsed his mouth.(We are told that with this single exception there
is no other instance on record in the Three Piį¹akas {3.263} of the
TathÄgataās having thus inquired about the supply of food.) As soon as
the poor manās physical sufferings had been relieved, his mind became
tranquil. Then the Teacher preached the Law in orderly sequence,
expounding one after another the Four Noble Truths. At the conclusion of
the lesson, the poor man was established in the Fruit of Conversion.
Then
the Teacher pronounced the words of thanksgiving, and having so done,
arose from his seat and departed. The multitude accompanied him a little
way and then turned back.The monks who accompanied the Teacher were
highly indignant and said, āJust consider, brethren, what the Teacher
did. Nothing of the sort ever happened before. But to-day, seeing a
certain poor man, the Teacher inquired about the supply of food and
directed that food to be given to another.ā The Teacher turned around,
stopped, [30.76] and said, āMonks, what are you saying?ā When he heard
what they were saying, he said to them, āIt is even so, monks. When I
came hither a journey of thirty leagues, a long and difficult journey,
my sole reason for coming hither was the fact that I saw that this lay
disciple possessed the faculties requisite for the attainment of the
Fruit of Conversion. Early in the morning, oppressed with the pangs of
hunger, this man went to the forest and spent the day in the forest
seeking his ox which was lost.
Therefore I thought to myself, āIf
I preach the Law to this man while he is suffering from the pangs of
hunger, he will not be able to comprehend it.ā Therefore was it that I
did what I did. Monks, there is no affliction like the affliction of
hunger.ā So saying, he pronounced the following Stanza,203.
Hunger is the greatest of afflictions; the Aggregates of Being are the principal source of suffering;
If a man thoroughly understand this, he has attained NibbÄna, Supreme Happiness.
Fear
What do Matteyya Awakened One with Awareness
quotes teach us about fear?
Trade your fear for freedom.
āEven death is not to be feared by one who has lived wisely.ā
āThe whole secret of existence is to have no fear.
Never fear what will become of you, depend on no one. Only the moment you reject all help are you freed.ā
āWhen
one has the feeling of dislike for evil, when one feels tranquil, one
finds pleasure in listening to good teachings; when one has these
feelings and appreciates them, one is free of fear.
āPain is a Gift
Instead of avoiding it,
Learn to embrace it.
Without pain,
there is no growthāFriends
https://tricycle.org/magazine/
Give people time.
Give people space.
Donāt beg anyone to stay.
Let them roam.Whatās meant for you will
always be yours.
Happiness, Sukha Vagga
The Buddha feeds the Hungry
Hunger is the greatest of afflictions; the Aggregates of Being are the principal source of suffering;
If a man thoroughly understand this, he has attained NibbÄna, Supreme Happiness.
Lord Buddha’s Ideals Have Solutions To Challenges Faced By World Today.
The eight-fold path of Lord Buddha shows the way towards the well-being of societies and nations.
Maį¹imÄkalai , ājewelled belt, girdle of gemsā
received a magic Atchaya Pathiram
(begging bowl) , which always gets filled.
Akshaya pathram Manimegalai the follower of Awakened One with Awareness said that
āHunger is the worst kind of illness.ā
āThe whole secret of existence is to have no fear.ā
There is no fire like passion
No crime like hatred,
No sorrow like separation,
No sickness like hunger,
And no joy like the joy of freedom.
Gautama Buddha
Zen famously says: when hungry, eat; when tired, sleep.
But all things in moderation - as the Buddha discovered in time to avoid starving to death.
Manimekalai
converted the prison into a hospice to help the needy, teaches the king
the dhamma of the Buddha. In the final five cantos of the epic.
Buddhist teachers recite Four Noble Truths, Twelve Nidanas and other ideas to her.
Volunteers
must become full-time members to fullfill the vision & aspiration
of his spiritual Manimekala Akshya Pathram. Must be committed to the
cause currently and involve in strategy, growth, and governance of
Akshaya Patra.
The journey so far and what the future holds in
the mission to end hunger for children and adults in the world.
Technology must be used in mass production for the fantastic results.
Other initiatives of the Akshaya Patra must help children and adults
from underprivileged backgrounds achieve their dreams.
All the
Governments all over the world allot funds for the governance of Akshaya
Patra and order all the vans used by postal department, police vans to
supply provisions, vegetables and food in edible food packs till all the
curfews are removed.
The state-of-the-art kitchens must become a subject of study and attract curious visitors from around the world.
Partnership
with the Governments all over the world,India and various State
Governments, along with the persistent support from corporates,
individual donors, and well-wishers have to help
Manimekali Akshya Pathram to serve millions of underprevilaged children and adults.
Picture a life in which your every waking moment is spent searching for food.
Your belly is distended and your limbs are emaciated like a starving
childās. Your hunger is ceaseless and painful, but your throat is no
wider
than the eye of a needle. When you find food, you canāt swallow it. Not
even a bite. The hunger persists, and your search continues.
Such is the fate of pretas in Buddhist traditionāthe hungry ghosts.
These
poor souls were reborn this way because in past lives they were driven
by desire, greed, anger, and ignorance. While you might find yourself
checking a few of these boxes on any given day, in Buddhism you have to
take such vices to the extreme to end up with such a tortured
existenceālike committing murder in a jealous rage. So no need to panic.
Itās a tradition in many Asian cultures to leave offerings of
food for the hungry ghosts. But this doesnāt really help. It turns out
these ghosts arenāt really searching for food.
Or they are, but
their search is misguided. Hunger for the ghosts has nothing to do with
food, and everything to do with what they did in their previous time on
earth. Thereās plenty of food for them, but they canāt eat it. Like
every religious parable, thereās an important lesson here: itās not food
they really need.
Back here in the human realm, we still look to
food to do much more than nourish our bodies and satisfy our hunger. We
turn to food in times of great joy and great sadness. When something
wonderful happens, we celebrate with a dinner out. We drink champagne,
we eat cake, we splurge on nice meals. Food becomes part of the
rejoicing.
And the opposite is true, too. Thereās a long
tradition of providing food to those who are grieving. We band together
to provide meals to friends in crisisāyou may, at some point in your
life, have signed up on a spreadsheet or email thread to bring meals to
someone mourning, someone recovering, someone struggling. In times of
sadness, we instinctively want to provide comfort in a tangible way. And
very often, we do that with food.Food is there for all of itāthe good
times and the bad. And to some extent, it makes sense. Itās fun to go
out and celebrate a raise, an anniversary, or a graduation. And it feels
right that when people are truly suffering, the last thing they should
worry about is putting together a meal. In these moments of tragedy or
triumph, food is a worthy and welcome ally.
The problem comes when we use food to comfort and reward ourselves when the stakes are much, much lower. Finally
I got the kids to sleep, now I can eat those cookies Iāve been eyeing.
That
big meeting today was a mess, time for a big glass of wine. These
mundane highs and lows are challenging. But they are not worthy of great
sadness or great celebration. Or, really, food.
UN News
Over 820 million people suffering from hunger; new UN report reveals stubborn realities of āimmenseā global challenge.
Fear
What do Matteyya Awakened One with Awareness
quotes teach us about fear?
Trade your fear for freedom.
āEven death is not to be feared by one who has lived wisely.ā
āThe whole secret of existence is to have no fear.
Never fear what will become of you, depend on no one. Only the moment you reject all help are you freed.ā
āWhen
one has the feeling of dislike for evil, when one feels tranquil, one
finds pleasure in listening to good teachings; when one has these
feelings and appreciates them, one is free of fear.
āPain is a Gift
Instead of avoiding it,
Learn to embrace it.
Without pain,
there is no growthā
As
the world fights extraordinary challenges, their lasting solutions can
come from the ideals of Lord Buddha. In his first sermon at Sarnath,
Lord Buddha referred to hope and purpose. For Lord Buddha, it was the
removal of human suffering.
We have to rise to the occasion and do whatever we can to increase hope among people.
If You Give a Buddhist a Cupcake
tricycle.org
If You Give a Buddhist a Cupcakeā¦
An excerpt from Tara Cottrell and Dan Zigmond’s new book Buddha