Free Online FOOD for MIND & HUNGER - DO GOOD šŸ˜Š PURIFY MIND.To live like free birds šŸ¦ šŸ¦¢ šŸ¦… grow fruits šŸ šŸŠ šŸ„‘ šŸ„­ šŸ‡ šŸŒ šŸŽ šŸ‰ šŸ’ šŸ‘ šŸ„ vegetables šŸ„¦ šŸ„• šŸ„— šŸ„¬ šŸ„” šŸ† šŸ„œ šŸŽƒ šŸ«‘ šŸ…šŸœ šŸ§… šŸ„ šŸ šŸ„— šŸ„’ šŸŒ½ šŸ šŸ«‘ šŸŒ³ šŸ“ šŸŠ šŸ„„ šŸŒµ šŸˆ šŸŒ° šŸ‡§šŸ‡§ šŸ« šŸ… šŸ šŸ«’Plants šŸŒ±in pots šŸŖ“ along with Meditative Mindful Swimming šŸŠā€ā™‚ļø to Attain NIBBĀNA the Eternal Bliss.
Kushinara NIBBĀNA Bhumi Pagoda White Home, Puniya Bhumi Bengaluru, Prabuddha Bharat International.
Categories:

Archives:
Meta:
April 2024
M T W T F S S
« Jan    
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
2930  
07/16/20
LESSON 3386 Fri 17 Jul 2020 Discovery of Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness Universe (DMAOAU) Current Situation Ends between 04-8-2020 and 3-12-2020 which Paves way for Free Online Analytical Insight Net For The Welfare, Happiness, Peace of All Sentient and Non-Sentient Beings and for them to Attain Eternal Peace as Final Goal. From KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA in 116 CLASSICAL LANGUAGES Through http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org At WHITE HOME 668, 5A main Road, 8th Cross, HAL III Stage, Prabuddha Bharat Puniya Bhumi Bengaluru Magadhi Karnataka State PRABUDDHA BHARAT DO GOOD PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENTWords of the Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness from Free Online step by step creation of Virtual tour in 3D Circle-Vision 360Ā° for Kushinara Nibbana Bhumi Pagoda The Yoga Suttas of Patanjali: a manual of Buddhist meditation. Mahāsatipaį¹­į¹­hāna Suttaā€” Attendance on awareness ā€” in 08) Classical Afrikaansā€“ Klassieke Afrikaans and 29) Classical English,Roman
Filed under: General
Posted by: site admin @ 9:53 pm
LESSON 3386 Fri 17 Jul 2020

Discovery of Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness Universe (DMAOAU) 

Current Situation Ends between 04-8-2020 and 3-12-2020 which Paves way for Free Online Analytical Insight Net

    For

    The Welfare, Happiness, Peace of All Sentient and Non-Sentient Beings and for them to Attain Eternal Peace as Final Goal.

    From

    KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA

    in 116 CLASSICAL LANGUAGES

    Through

    http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org

At

    WHITE HOME

    668, 5A main Road, 8th Cross, HAL III Stage,

    Prabuddha Bharat Puniya Bhumi Bengaluru

Magadhi Karnataka State

    PRABUDDHA BHARAT

DO GOOD PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENTWords of the Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness

from
Free Online step by step creation of Virtual tour in 3D Circle-Vision 360Ā° for Kushinara Nibbana Bhumi Pagoda 

The Yoga Suttas of Patanjali: a manual of Buddhist meditation.



Mahāsatipaį¹­į¹­hāna Suttaā€” Attendance on awareness ā€” in 08) Classical Afrikaansā€“ Klassieke Afrikaans and
29) Classical English,Roman

08) Classical Afrikaansā€“ Klassieke Afrikaans
Discovery of Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness Universe (FOAINDMAOAU)    
Current Situation Ends between 04-8-2020 and 3-12-2020 which Paves way for Free Online Analytical Insight Net
    For
    The Welfare, Happiness, Peace of All Sentient and Non-Sentient Beings and for them to Attain Eternal Peace as Final Goal.
    From
    KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA
    in 116 CLASSICAL LANGUAGES
    Through
    http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
At
    WHITE HOME
    668, 5A main Road, 8th Cross, HAL III Stage,
    Prabuddha Bharat Puniya Bhumi Bengaluru
Magadhi Karnataka State
    PRABUDDHA BHARAT

DO GOOD PURIFY MIND AND ENVIRONMENT Words of the Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness
from
Free Online step by step creation of Virtual tour in 3D Circle-Vision 360Ā° for Kushinara Nibbana Bhumi Pagoda        

Mahāsatipaį¹­į¹­hāna
Sutta in Buddha’s own words for happiness, eradication of hunger with 
fearlessness and Unity chantings, songs and music in  Classical Sanskrit
ą¤›ą„ą¤²ą¤øą„ą¤øą¤æą¤šą¤²ą„ ą¤·ą¤Øą„ą¤øą„ą¤•ą„ą¤°ą¤æą¤¤ą„

Ontdekking van Metteyya Awakenened One with Awareness Universe in
Klassieke Afrikaans - Klassieke Afrikaans

Ontdekking van Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness Universe (FOAINDMAOAU)
Die huidige situasie eindig tussen 04-8-2020 en 3-12-2020 wat die weg baan vir gratis aanlyn analitiese insignet
vir
Die welsyn, geluk, vrede van alle wese en nie-geestelike wesens en vir hulle om ewige vrede as finale doel te bereik.
Van
KUSHINARA NIBBANA BHUMI PAGODA
in 116 KLASSIESE TALE
deur
http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
By
WIT HUIS
668, Hoofweg 5A, 8ste Kruis, HAL III Stadium,
Prabuddha Bharat Puniya Bhumi Bengaluru
Magadhi Karnataka-staat
PRABUDDHA BHARAT

DOEN GOEIE GESONDHEID EN OMGEWING Woorde van die Metteyya wat met bewustheid gewek is
van
Gratis aanlyn stap vir stap skepping van virtuele toer in 3D Circle-Vision 360 Ā° vir Kushinara Nibbana Bhumi Pagoda

Mahāsatipaį¹­į¹­hāna
Sutta in Boeddha se eie woorde vir geluk, die uitwissing van honger met
vreesloosheid en sing van liedere en musiek in Klassieke Afrikaans -
Klassieke Afrikaans

Mag almal gelukkig, wel en veilig wees!
Mag almal lank lewe! Mag almal rustig, stil, waaksaam, oplettend en
gelykheid hĆŖ met ‘n duidelike begrip dat alles verander! RomanalipyAH
devanAgarIlipyAm parivartanam

Woorde van die Metteyya het een met bewustheid gewek
van
Gratis aanlyn stap vir stap skepping van virtuele toer in 3D Circle-Vision 360 Ā° vir Kushinara Nibbana Bhumi Pagoda

Hierdie
uiteensetting vertoon die publikasie van boeke in die Devan Ā±
gari-skrifuitgawe van die ChaĪ¼Ī¼ha Saag Ā± yana (Sesde Raad) TipiĪ¼aka. Die
name van die volumes word skuins aangedui met die agtervoegsel ā€œ-p Ā±
1ā„4iā€ wat aandui dat die volume deel vorm van die wortel TipiĪ¼aka,
eerder as kommentaarliteratuur. Hierdie oorsig bevat slegs die
wortelvolumes. Let wel: Hierdie boeke is slegs in P Ā± li, in Devan Ā±
gari-skrif, en is nie te koop nie.

Geen stel Engelse vertalings is beskikbaar nie. Vir meer inligting, sien: www.tipitaka.org

(Drie afdelings, gedruk in 5 boeke)

Sutta Vibhaaga [twee boeke wat reƫls bevat vir die bhikkhus en bhikkhunis, waarin agt klasse van oortredings uiteengesit word]

TipiĪ¼aka (drie ā€œmandjiesā€)

Sutta PiĪ¼aka
(Vyf nik Ā± yas, of versamelings)
Die
Sutta Piį¹­aka bevat die kern van die Boeddha-leer rakende die Dhamma.
Dit bevat meer as tienduisend suttas. Dit is verdeel in vyf versamelings
genaamd Nikāyas (’n menigte, vergadering; ‘n versameling; ‘n klas,
orde, groep; ‘n vereniging, broederskap, gemeente; ‘n huis, woning).

Dīgha Nikāya [dīgha: lank]
Die
Dīgha Nikāya versamel 34 van die langste gesprekke wat deur die Boeddha
gegee is. Daar is verskillende wenke dat baie daarvan laat toevoegings
tot die oorspronklike korpus en van twyfelagtige egtheid is.

Majjhima Nikāya
[majjhima:
medium] Die Majjhima Nikāya versamel 152 gesprekke van die Boeddha van
tussentydse lengte, wat handel oor uiteenlopende aangeleenthede.

Saį¹ƒyutta Nikāya
[samyutta:
groep] Die Saį¹ƒyutta Nikāya versamel die suttas volgens hul onderwerp in
56 subgroepe wat saį¹ƒuttas genoem word. Dit bevat meer as drie duisend
diskoerse van wisselende lengte, maar oor die algemeen relatief kort.

Aį¹…guttara Nikāya
[aį¹…g:
faktor | uttara: additionnal] Die Aį¹…guttara Nikāya is onderverdeel in
elf subgroepe wat nipātas genoem word, en elkeen versamel diskoerse wat
bestaan ā€‹ā€‹uit die tel van ‘n addisionele faktor teenoor die van die
presedent nipāta. Dit bevat duisende suttas wat oor die algemeen kort is.

Khuddaka Nikāya
[khuddha:
kort, klein] Die kort tekste van Khuddhaka Nikāya en word beskou as
gekomponeer uit twee strata: Dhammapada, Udāna, Itivuttaka, Sutta
Nipāta, Theragāthā-Therīgāthā en Jātaka vorm die antieke strata, terwyl
ander boeke laat toevoegings is en die egtheid daarvan is meer
bevraagteken.

Sutta PiĪ¼aka
(Vyf nik Ā± yas, of versamelings)
1. D2gha-nik Ā± ya [34 suttas; 3 vaggas, of hoofstukke (elk ‘n boek)]
(1) S2lakkhandavagga-p Ā± 1ā„4i (13 suttas)
(2) Mah Ā± vagga-p Ā± 1ā„4i (10 suttas)
(3) P Ā± Ī¼ikavagga-p Ā± 1ā„4i (11 suttas)
2. Majjhima-nik Ā± ya [152 suttas; 15 vaggas; verdeel in 3 boeke,
5 vaggas elk, bekend as paoo Ā± sa (’vyftig’)]
(1) M3lapaoo Ā± ssa-p Ā± 1ā„4i (die ‘wortel’ vyftig)
1. M3lapariy Ā± yavagga (10 suttas)
2. S2han Ā± davagga (10 suttas)
3. Tatiyavagga (10 suttas)
4. Mah Ā± yamakavagga (10 suttas)
5. C31ā„4ayamakavagga (10 suttas)
(2) Majjhimapaoo Ā± sa-p Ā± 1ā„4i (die ‘middelste’ vyftig)
6. Gahapati-vagga (10 suttas)
7. Bhikkhu-vagga (10 suttas)
8. Paribb Ā± jaka-vagga (10 suttas)
9. R Ā± ja-vagga (10 suttas)
10. Br Ā± hmana-vagga (10 suttas)
(3) Uparipaoo Ā± sa-p Ā± 1ā„4i (beteken ‘meer as vyftig’)
11. Devadaha-vagga (10 suttas)
12. Anupada-vagga (10 suttas)
13. SuƱƱata-vagga (10 suttas)
14. Vibhaaga-vagga (12 suttas)
15. Sa1ā„4 Ā± yatana-vagga3. Sa1ā„2yutta-nik Ā± ya [2.904 (7.762) suttas; 56 sa1ā„2 juttas; 5 vaggas; verdeel
in 6 boeke]
(1) Sag Ā± thavagga-sa1ā„2yutta-p Ā± 1ā„4i (11 sa1ā„2yuttas)
(2) Nid Ā± navagga-sa1ā„2yutta-p Ā± 1ā„4i (10 sa1ā„2yuttas)
(3) Khandavagga-sa1ā„2yutta-p Ā± 1ā„4i (13 sa1ā„2yuttas)
(4) Sa1ā„4 Ā± yatanavagga-sa1ā„2yutta-p Ā± 1ā„4i (10 sa1ā„2yuttas)
(5) Mah Ā± vagga-sa1ā„2yutta-p Ā± 1ā„4i Vol I (6 sa1ā„2yuttas)
(6) Mah Ā± vagga-sa1ā„2yutta-p Ā± 1ā„4i Vol II (6 sa1ā„2yuttas)
4. Aaguttara-nik Ā± ya [9.557 suttas; in11 nip Ā± tas, of groepe, net gereĆ«l
numeries; elke punt Ā± ta het verskillende vaggas; 10 of meer suttas in
elke vagga; 6 boeke]
(1) Eka-Duka-Tika-nipata-p Ā± 1ā„4i (ene, twee, drie)
(2) Catukka-nipata-p Ā± 1ā„4i (viere)
(3) PaƱcaka-nipata-p Ā± 1ā„4i (vywe)
(4) Chakka-Sattaka-nipata-p Ā± 1ā„4i (sesse, sewes)
(5) AĪ¼Ī¼haka-Navaka-nipata-p Ā± 1ā„4i (agt, nege)
(6) Dasaka-Ekadasaka-nipata-p Ā± 1ā„4i (tien, elf)
5. Khuddaka-nik Ā± ya [die versameling klein boeke, ‘n diverse versameling-
werke in 18 hoofafdelings; dit bevat suttas, samestellings van
leerstellige notas, geskiedenisse, verse en kommentaarliteratuur wat bestaan
is opgeneem in die TipiĪ¼aka self .; 12 boeke]
(1) Kuddhakap Ā± tha, Dhammapada & Ud Ā± na-p Ā± 1ā„4i
1. Kuddhakap Ā± tha (nege kort formules en suttas, gebruik as ‘n opleidingshandleiding vir
beginner bhikkhus)
2. Dhammapada (die bekendste van al die boeke van die TipiĪ¼aka; ‘n versameling van 423)
verse in 26 vaggas)
3. Ud Ā± na (in 8 vaggas, 80 vreugdevolle uitsprake van die Boeddha, meestal in verse, met
enkele prosaverklarings van die omstandighede wat die uitspraak ontlok het)
(2) Itivuttaka, Suttanip Ā± ta-p Ā± 1ā„4i
4. Itivuttaka (4 nip Ā± tas, 112 suttas, elk begin, ā€œiti vutta1ā„2 bhagavataā€ [dus was
gesĆŖ deur die Boeddha])
5. Suttanip Ā± ta (5 vaggas; 71 suttas, meestal in vers; bevat baie van die beste)
bekende, gewildste suttas van die Boeddha
(3) Vim Ā± navatthu, Petavatthu, Therag Ā± th Ā± & Therig Ā± th Ā± -p Ā± 1ā„4i
6. Vim Ā± navatthu (Vim Ā± na beteken herehuis; 85 gedigte in 7 vaggas oor dade van
verdienste en wedergeboorte in hemelse lande)
7. Petavatthu (4 vaggas, 51 gedigte wat die ellendige wesens [petas] beskryf in
ongelukkige state as gevolg van hul aftakelende dade)
8. Therag Ā± th Ā± (verse van vreugde en vreugde na die bereiking van arahatship vanaf 264
ouderling bhikkhus; 107 gedigte, 1,279 g Ā± dit)
9. Therig Ā± th Ā± (dieselfde as hierbo, van 73 ouer nonne; 73 gedigte, 522 g Ā± thas)
(4) J Ā± taka-p Ā± 1ā„4i, Vol. Ek
(5) J Ā± taka-p Ā± 1ā„4i, Vol II
10. J Ā± taka (geboorteverhale van die Bodisatta voor sy geboorte as Gotama Boeddha; 547
verhale in verse, verdeel in mondstuk Ā± ta volgens die aantal verse wat benodig word
vertel die verhaal. Die volledige J Ā± taka-verhale is eintlik in die J Ā± taka-kommentaar daarop
verduidelik die verhaal agter die verse.
(6) Mah Ā± nidessa-p Ā± 1ā„4i
(7) C31ā„4anidessa-p Ā± 1ā„4i
11. Nidessa (kommentaar op twee afdelings van Suttanip Ā± ta)
Mah Ā± nidessa: kommentaar op die 4de vagga
C31ā„4anidessa: kommentaar op die 5de vagga en
die Khaggavis Ā± oa sutta van die 1ste vagga
(8) PaĪ¼isambhid Ā± magga-p Ā± 1ā„4i
12. PaĪ¼isambhid Ā± magga (’n gedetailleerde analise van die Boeddha-styl in abhidhamma-styl)
onderrig, getrek uit alle gedeeltes van die Vin Ā± ya en Sutta PiĪ¼akas; drie vaggas,
elk bevat tien onderwerpe [kath Ā±])
(9) Apad Ā± na-p Ā± 1ā„4i, Vol. Ek
13. Apad Ā± na (verhale in verse van die voormalige lewens van 550 bhikkhus en 40 bhikkhunis)
(10) Apad Ā± na, Buddhava1ā„2sa & Cariy Ā± piĪ¼aka-p Ā± 1ā„4i
14. Buddhava1ā„2sa (die geskiedenis van die Boeddha’s waarin die Boeddha, in antwoord op a
vraag van Ven. Sariputta, vertel die verhaal van die asketiese Sumedha en D2paakara
Boeddha en die daaropvolgende 24 Boeddha’s, insluitend Gotama Boeddha.)
15. Cariy Ā± piĪ¼aka (35 verhale uit die J Ā± taka gerangskik om die tien p Ā± ram2 te illustreer)
(11) Nettippakarana, PeĪ¼akopadesa-p Ā± 1ā„4i
16. Nettippakarana (klein verhandeling waarin metodes vir die interpretasie en verduideliking van-
ing kanonieke tekste)
17. PeĪ¼akopadesa (skripsie waarin metodes uiteengesit word vir die verduideliking en uitbreiding van die
leer van die Boeddha)
(12) MilindapaƱha-p Ā± 1ā„4i
18. Milinda-paƱha (’n rekord van die vrae gestel deur koning Milinda en die
antwoorde deur Ven. Nagasena; hierdie debat het ongeveer ca. 500 jaar na die
mah Ā± parinibb Ā± na van die Boeddha)
Abhidhamma PiĪ¼aka
[Sewe afdelings van sistematiese, abstrakte uiteensetting van alle dammas; gedruk in
12 boeke]
1. Dhammasaagao2
(opsomming van die dammas)
(1) Dhammasaagao2-p Ā± 1ā„4i
2. Vibhaaga-p Ā± 1ā„42
(onderskeid of ontleding van dammas)
(2) Vibhaaga-p Ā± 1ā„42
3. Dh Ā± tukath Ā±
(bespreking van elemente; hierdie eerste drie afdelings vorm ‘n trilogie dat
moet verteer word as ‘n basis vir die verstaan ā€‹ā€‹van Abhidhamma)
4. PuggalapaƱƱatti
(aanwysing van individue; tien hoofstukke: die eerste wat handel oor enkelvoud
individue, die 2de met pare, die derde met groepe van drie, ens.
(3) Dh Ā± tukath Ā± -PuggalapaƱƱatti-p Ā± 1ā„42
5. Kath Ā± vatthu-p Ā± 1ā„42
(punte van kontroversie of verkeerde siening; bespreek die punte wat geopper is en
op die 3de raad, gehou ten tyde van die regering van Aœoka, op Patna gevestig)
(4) Kath Ā± vatthu-p Ā± 1ā„42
6. Yamaka-p Ā± 1ā„42
(boek van pare; gebruik van gepaarde, opponerende vrae om ambisie op te los
wette en definieer presiese gebruik van tegniese terme)
(5) Yamaka-p Ā± 1ā„42, Vol I
(6) Yamaka-p Ā± 1ā„42, Vol II
(7) Yamaka-p Ā± 1ā„42, Vol III
7. PaĪ¼Ī¼h Ā± na
(boek van verhoudings; die uitwerking van ‘n 24 voorwaardelike skema
verhoudings [paccaya] wat ‘n volledige stelsel vir begrip vorm
die meganika van die hele heelal van Dhamma)
(8) PaĪ¼Ī¼h Ā± na-p Ā± 1ā„4i, Vol I
(9) PaĪ¼Ī¼h Ā± na-p Ā± 1ā„4i, Vol II
(10) PaĪ¼Ī¼h Ā± na-p Ā± 1ā„4i, Vol III
(11) PaĪ¼Ī¼h Ā± na-p Ā± 1ā„4i, Vol IV
(12) PaĪ¼Ī¼h Ā± na-p Ā± 1ā„4i, Vol V
(1) P Ā± r Ā± jika-p Ā± 1ā„4i Bhikku
p Ā± r Ā± jik Ā± (uitsetting) 4
saaghadises Ā± (vergaderings van die Sangha) 13
aniyat Ā± (onbepaald) 2
nissagiy Ā± p Ā± cittiy Ā± (vergoeding met verbeuring) 30
(2) P Ā± cittiya-p Ā± 1ā„4i
suddha p Ā± cittiy Ā± (gewone uitsetting) 92
p Ā± tidesaniy Ā± (bekentenis re: aalmoese kos) 4
sekhiya (rakende etiket en dekorum) 75
adhikaraoasamath Ā± (regsproses) 7
(sluit af met bhikkuni vinaya-reƫls) ______Bhikkhuni
2. Khandaka [twee boeke reƫls en prosedures]
(3) Mah Ā± vagga-p Ā± 1ā„4i (10 afdelings [khandhakas]; begin met historiese verslae van die
Verligting van Boeddha, die eerste gesprekke en die vroeƫ groei van die Sangha;
gee ‘n uiteensetting van die volgende reĆ«ls vir die optrede van die Sangha:
1. reĆ«ls vir toelating tot die bestelling (upasampad Ā±)
2. die uposatha-byeenkoms en voordrag van die p Ā± timokkha
3. koshuis gedurende die reƫnseisoen (vassa)
4. seremonie met die afsluiting van die vassa, genaamd pav Ā± rao Ā±
5. reƫls vir kledingstukke en meubels
6. medisyne en kos
7. jaarlikse verspreiding van klere (kaĪ¼hina)
8. reƫls vir siek bhikkhus, slaap- en kleedmateriaal
9. wyse van uitvoering van verrigtinge van die Sangha
10. verrigtinge in gevalle van skeuring
(4) C31ā„4avagga-p Ā± 1ā„4i (of Cullavagga) (12 khandakas wat handel oor verdere reĆ«ls en prosedure-
dures vir institusionele handelinge of funksies, bekend as saaghakamma:
1. reƫls vir die hantering van misdrywe wat voor die Sangha kom
(Saagh Ā± disesa)
2. prosedures om ‘n bhikkhu op proef te stel
3. prosedures vir die hantering van opeenhoping van misdrywe deur ‘n bhikkhu
4. reƫls vir die afhandeling van regsprosedures in die Sangha
5. verkeerd. reƫls vir bad, rok, ens.
6. wonings, meubels, onderdak, ens.
7. skemas
8. klasse bhikkhus en pligte van onderwysers en beginners
9. uitsluiting van die p Ā± timokkha
10. die ordinering en opdrag van bhikkhunis
11. rekening van die 1ste raad op R Ā± jagaha
12. rekening van die 2de raad te Ves Ā± li
3. Pariv Ā± ra-p Ā± 1ā„4i [’n opsomming van die vinaya, gerangskik as ‘n
kategismus vir onderrig en eksamen]
(5) Pariv Ā± ra-p Ā± 1ā„4i Die vyfde boek van vinaya dien as ‘n soort handleiding wat die leser in staat stel
om ‘n analitiese opname te maak van die hele Vinaya PiĪ¼aka.
Sutta Piį¹­aka -Digha Nikāya DN 9 -
Poį¹­į¹­hapāda Sutta
{Uittreksel}
- Die vrae van Poį¹­į¹­hapāda - Poį¹­į¹­hapāda stel verskillende vrae met die aard van SaƱƱā. Nota: gewone tekste

Nou,
heer, ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹die eerste persepsie en die kennis daarna; of ontstaan
ā€‹ā€‹kennis eerstens en persepsie daarna; of ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹persepsie en
kennis tegelyk?

Potthapada, persepsie ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹eerstens, en
kennis daarna. En die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹van kennis kom uit die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹van
die waarneming. ‘N Mens onderskei:’ Dit hang af van my dat my kennis
ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹het. ‘Deur middel van hierdie redenasie kan ‘n mens besef hoe
die persepsie eerste ontstaan, en die kennis daarna, en hoe die
ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹van
kennis kom uit die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹van persepsie.DN 22 - (D ii 290)Mahāsatipaį¹­į¹­hāna Sutta
- Bywoning van bewustheid -
[mahā
satipaį¹­į¹­hāna] Hierdie sutta word algemeen beskou as die belangrikste
verwysing vir meditasiepraktyk. Opmerking: in alle Pali-woorde kan daar
nie gepubliseer word nie

Engels Inleiding I. Waarneming van Kāya
A. Afdeling oor ānāpāna
B. Afdeling oor houdings
C. Afdeling oor sampajaƱƱa
D. Afdeling oor afstootlikheid
E. Afdeling oor die elemente
F. Afdeling op die nege werfgronde
II. Waarneming van Vedanā

inleiding

So het ek gehoor:

By
een geleentheid het die Bhagavā tussen die Kurus in Kammāsadhamma, ‘n
markdorp van die Kurus, gebly. Daar het hy die bhikkhus toegespreek:

- Bhikkhus.
- Bhaddante antwoord die bhikkhus. Die Bhagavā het gesĆŖ:
-
Dit, bhikkhus, is die pad wat lei tot niks anders as die suiwering van
wesens, die oorkom van hartseer en klaagliedere, die verdwyning van
dukkha-domanassa, die bereiking van die regte weg, die verwesenliking
van Nibbāna, dit wil sĆŖ die vier satipaį¹­į¹­hānas.

Watter vier? Hier
woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem, ātāpÄ«
sampajāno, satimā, terwyl hy abhijjhā-domanassa opgee in die rigting van
die wĆŖreld. Hy woon op vedanā in vedanā, ātāpÄ« sampajāno, satimā, en
het hy abhijjhā-doman opgee. Hy woon waar hy sitta in citta, ātāpī
sampajāno, satimā, waar hy die abhijjhā-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld
opgegee het. Hy woon waar hy dhamma’s in dhamma’s, ātāpÄ« sampajāno,
satimā waarneem, terwyl hy abhijjhā-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld prysgegee
het.

I. Kāyānupassanā
A. Afdeling oor ānāpāna
En hoe,
bhikkhus, woon ‘n bhikkhu waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem? Hier, bhikkhus,
‘n bhikkhu, wat na die woud gegaan het, of aan die wortel van ‘n boom
gegaan het of na ‘n leĆ« kamer gegaan het, gaan sit het om die bene dwars
te vou, kāya regop te sit en sati parimukhaį¹ƒ te sit. As hy so sato is,
haal hy asem in, en so sato asem hy uit. Asem in asem, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy:
‘ek haal lank asem in’; Asem lank uit, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: ‘Ek haal lank
uit’; asemhaling kort verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: ‘Ek haal kortasem’; kort uitasem
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: ‘Ek haal kortasem uit’; hy lei homself op: ‘voel die hele
kāya, ek sal inasem’; hy lei homself op: ‘voel die hele kāya, ek sal
uitasem’; hy lei homself op: ‘kalmeer die kāya-saį¹…khāras, ek sal
inasem’; hy lei homself op: ‘Kalmeer die kāya-saį¹…khāras, ek sal
uitasem’.

Net soos bhikkhus, ‘n bekwame draaier of ‘n leerlingvak
wat ‘n lang draai maak, verstaan: ‘Ek maak ‘n lang draai’; maak ‘n kort
draai, hy verstaan: ‘Ek maak ‘n kort draai’; op dieselfde manier
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, wat lank inasem, verstaan: ‘Ek haal
lank asem in’; Asem lank uit, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: ‘Ek haal lank uit’;
asemhaling kort verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: ‘Ek haal kortasem’; kort uitasem verstaan
ā€‹ā€‹hy: ‘Ek haal kortasem uit’; hy lei homself op: ‘voel die hele kāya,
ek sal inasem’; hy lei homself op: ‘voel die hele kāya, ek sal uitasem’;
hy lei homself op: ‘kalmeer die kāya-saį¹…khāras, ek sal inasem’; hy lei
homself op: ‘Kalmeer die kāya-saį¹…khāras, ek sal uitasem’.

Dus
woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya
in eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kāya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kāya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit
is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en
blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem.

B. Afdeling oor houdings

Verder
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, terwyl hy loop,: ‘ek loop’, of terwyl
hy staan, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: ‘ek staan’, of terwyl hy sit, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy:
‘ek sit’, of terwyl hy lĆŖ, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: ‘ Ek gaan lĆŖ. Anders gestel,
in watter posisie sy kāya ook al is, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy dit
dienooreenkomstig.Dus
woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya
in eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kāya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kāya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit
is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en
blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem. Dus woon
hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya in
eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy woon
waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon by die
afsterwe van verskynsels in kāya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kāya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit
is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en
blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem.

C. Afdeling oor sampajaƱƱa

Verder
tree bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, nader en terwyl hy vertrek, tree hy saam met
sampajaƱƱa op, terwyl hy vorentoe kyk, en terwyl hy rondkyk, tree hy
met sampajaƱƱa op, terwyl hy buig en terwyl hy strek, tree hy met
sampajaƱƱa op, terwyl hy die gewaad en die bo-kleed dra en terwyl hy die
bak dra, tree hy saam met sampajaƱƱa, terwyl hy eet, drink, terwyl hy
kou, terwyl hy proe, tree hy saam met sampajaƱƱa, terwyl hy aandag gee
aan ontlasting en urinering, tree hy op met sampajaƱƱa, terwyl hy loop,
terwyl hy staan, terwyl hy sit , terwyl hy slaap, terwyl hy wakker is,
terwyl hy praat en terwyl hy stilbly, tree hy saam met sampajaƱƱa op.

Dus
woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya
in eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya o-verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon by
die afsterwe van verskynsels \ in kāya, of hy woon waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en verbygaan van verskynsels in kāya; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit
is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en
blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem.

D. Afdeling oor afstootlikheid

Verder
beskou bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, hierdie einste liggaam, van die voetsole
en van die hare op die kop af, wat deur die vel afgebak is en vol
verskillende soorte onsuiwerhede is: ‘In hierdie kāya is daar die hare
van die kop, hare van die liggaam, naels, tande, vel, vlees, senings,
bene, beenmurg, niere, hart, lewer, pleura, milt, longe, ingewande,
mesenterie, maag met die inhoud, ontlasting, gal, slym , etter, bloed,
sweet, vet, trane, vet, speeksel, neus slym, sinoviale vloeistof en
urine. ā€

Net soos, bhikkhus, was daar ‘n sakkie met twee openinge
en gevul met verskillende soorte graan, soos heuwelroos, papie,
mungboontjies, bees ertjies, sesamsaad en geskilde rys. ‘N Man met ‘n
goeie sig, wat dit losgemaak het, sou [die inhoud daarvan] oorweeg: “Dit
is heuwels, dit is pap, dit is mongone, dit is bees ertjies, dit is
sesamsaad en dit is afgesnyde rys;” op dieselfde manier beskou bhikkhus,
‘n bhikkhu hierdie einste liggaam, van die voetsole na bo en van die
hare op die kop af, wat deur sy vel en vol verskillende soorte
onsuiwerhede afgebaken is: ‘In hierdie kāya, daar is die hare van die
kop, die hare van die liggaam, naels, tande, vel, vlees, senings, bene,
beenmurg, niere, hart, lewer, pleura, milt, longe, ingewande,
mesenterie, maag met die inhoud, ontlasting, gal, slym, etter, bloed,
sweet, vet, trane, vet,
speeksel, neus slym, sinoviale vloeistof en urine. ā€

Dus
woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya
in eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kāya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kāya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit
is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en
blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem.E. Afdeling oor die elemente

Bhikkhus,
‘n bhikkhu, reflekteer ook op hierdie einste kāya, hoe dit ook al
geplaas is, maar dit is van die hand: “In hierdie kāya is daar die
aarde-element, die waterelement, die vuurelement en die lugelement.”

Net
soos bhikkhus, ‘n bekwame slagter of ‘n slagtersleerling, nadat hy ‘n
koei doodgemaak het, op ‘n kruispad sou sit en dit in stukke sny; op
dieselfde manier, bhikkhus, reflekteer ‘n bhikkhu op hierdie einste
kāya, hoe dit ook al geplaas is, maar dit is ook van die hand: “In
hierdie kāya is daar die aarde-element, die water-element, die
vuur-element en die lug-element.”

Dus woon hy waar hy kāya in
kāya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya in eksterne kāya
waarneem, of hy woon kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die
samudaya van verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe
van verskynsels in kāya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya waarneem en die
verskynsels in kāya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit is kāya!ā€ sati
is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en blote
paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus
woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem.

F. Afdeling op die nege werfgronde
(1)
Verder,
bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, in ‘n akkergrond weggooi,
eendag dood of twee dae dood of drie dae dood, geswel, blouerig en
vurig, beskou hy hierdie baie kāya: ā€œ Hierdie kāya is ook van so ‘n
aard, dit sal so word en is nie vry van so ‘n toestand nie. ‘

Dus
woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya
in eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kāya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kāya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit
is kāya!ā€ \ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a
en blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld
nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem.

(2)
Verder
is bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, in ‘n akkergrond
weggegooi, deur kraaie geƫet, deur valke geƫet, deur aasvoƫls geƫet,
deur reiers geƫet, deur honde geƫet, geƫet. deur tiere geƫet, geƫet deur
panters, geƫet deur verskillende soorte wesens, beskou hy hierdie baie
kāya: ‘Hierdie kāya is ook van so ‘n aard, dit sal so word en is nie vry
van so ‘n toestand nie.

Dus woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya
inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya in eksterne kāya waarneem, of
hy woon kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van
verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels
in kāya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya waarneem en die verskynsels in
kāya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom
teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en blote paį¹­issati, hy woon
losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n
bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem.

(3)
Verder, bhikkhus,
‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, weggooi in ‘n akkergrond, ‘n
platemaatjie met vlees en bloed wat deur senings bymekaar gehou word,
beskou hy hierdie einste kāya: ‘Hierdie kāya is ook van so ‘n van
nature, dit gaan so word en is nie vry van so ‘n toestand nie. ‘

Dus
woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya
in eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kāya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kāya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit
is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en
blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem.

(4)
Verder
beskou hy bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, weggooi in
acharnelgrond, ‘n platemaatjie sonder vlees en met bloed gesmeer,
vasgehou deur senings. Hy beskou hierdie einste kāya: ‘Hierdie kāya is
ook van so van nature, dit gaan so word en is nie vry van so ‘n toestand
nie. ‘Dus
woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya
in eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kāya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kāya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit
is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en
blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem.

(5)
Verder
beskou hy bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, weggegooi in ‘n
akkergrond, ‘n platemaatjie sonder vlees of bloed, wat deur senings
bymekaar gehou word. Hy beskou hierdie einste kāya: ‘Hierdie kāya is ook
van so ‘n van nature, dit gaan so word en is nie vry van so ‘n toestand
nie. ‘

Dus woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig waarneem, of hy
woon waar hy kāya in eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon kāya intern en
ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kāya
waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kāya, of hy bly
waar hy die samudaya waarneem en die verskynsels in kāya verbygaan; of
anders, [besef:] ā€œdit is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die
mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie
vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in
kāya waarneem.

(6)
Verder, bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n
lyk sien, weggooi in ‘n akkergrond, ontkoppelde bene wat hier en daar
versprei is, hier ‘n handbeen, ‘n voetbeen, hier ‘n enkelbeen, daar ‘n
skeen been , hier ‘n dybeen, daar ‘n heupbeen, hier ‘n rib, daar ‘n
rugbeen, hier ‘n ruggraatbeen, daar ‘n nekbeen, hier ‘n kakebeen, daar
‘n tandbeen, of daar die skedel, hy beskou hierdie einste kāya :
“Hierdie kāya is ook van so ‘n aard, dit sal so word en is nie vry van
so ‘n toestand nie.”

Dus woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig
waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya in eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon
kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van
verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels
in kāya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya waarneem en die verskynsels in
kāya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom
teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en blote paį¹­issati, hy woon
losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n
bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem.

(7)
Verder, bhikkhus,
‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, weggooi in ‘n akkergrond, die bene soos
‘n seeschil is wit, hy beskou hierdie einste kāya: ‘Hierdie kāya is ook
van so ‘n aard, dit gaan om so te word, en is nie vry van so ‘n
toestand nie. ‘

(8)
Verder beskou hy bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu,
asof hy ‘n lyk sien, in ‘n akkergrond weggegooi, bene opgehoop as ‘n
jaar oud. Hy beskou hierdie einste kāya: ‘Hierdie kāya is ook van so ‘n
aard, dit is gaan so word en is nie vry van so ‘n toestand nie. ‘

Dus
woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya
in eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy
woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon
by die afsterwe van verskynsels in kāya, of hy bly waar hy die samudaya
waarneem en die verskynsels in kāya verbygaan; of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit
is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en
blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya waarneem.

(9)
Verder,
bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, asof hy ‘n lyk sien, weggooi in ‘n akkergrond,
vrot bene verminder tot poeier, beskou hy hierdie baie kāya: ‘Hierdie
kāya is ook van so ‘n aard, dit gaan word so, en is nie vry van so ‘n
toestand nie. ‘

Dus woon hy waar hy kāya in kāya inwendig
waarneem, of hy woon waar hy kāya in eksterne kāya waarneem, of hy woon
kāya intern en ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van
verskynsels in kāya waarneem, of hy woon die deurloop van verskynsels in
kāya, of hy woon die samudaya waar en gaan die verskynsels in kāya weg;
of anders, [besef:] ā€œdit is kāya!ā€ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in
die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou
nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya
in kāya waarneem.II. Waarneming van Vedanā

inleiding

Watter
vier? Hier woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya, ātāpÄ«
sampajāno, satimā, waar hy die abhijjhā-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld
opgegee het, opgee. Hy woon waar hy vedanā in vedanā, ātāpī sampajāno,
satimā waarneem, terwyl hy abhijjhā-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld prysgegee
het. Hy woon waar hy sitta in citta, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, waar hy
die abhijjhā-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld opgegee het. Hy woon waar hy
dhamma’s in dhamma’s, ātāpÄ« sampajāno, satimā waarneem, terwyl hy
abhijjhā-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld prysgegee het.

Dus woon hy
waar hy vedanā in vedanā intern waarneem, of hy woon waar hy vedanā in
ekstern in vedanā waarneem, of hy woon vedanā in vedanā intern en
ekstern waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels in vedanā
waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels in vedanā, of hy
woon die samudaya waar en die verskynsels in vedanā verbygaan; of
anders, [besef:] ā€œdit is vedanā!ā€ sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die
mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie
vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, wat vedanā in
vedanā waarneem.

(The Mirror of the Dhamma)

Ek sal die
gesprek oor die Dhamma, wat Dhammādāsa genoem word, uiteensit, waarvan
die ariyasāvaka, indien hy so begeer, van homself kan verklaar: ‘Vir my
is daar geen meer niraya, geen tiracchāna-yoni meer, geen pettivisaya
meer nie, nee meer toestand van ongelukkigheid, van ongeluk, van
ellende, ek is ‘n sotāpanna, van nature vry van toestande van ellende,
seker dat ek bestem is vir sambodhi.

En wat is die diskoers oor
die Dhamma, wat Dhammādāsa genoem word, Ānanda, waarvan die ariyasāvaka,
as hy so begeer, van homself kan verklaar: ‘Vir my is daar geen meer
niraya, geen tiracchāna-yoni meer nie, ook nie meer nie pettivisaya, nie
meer staat van ongelukkigheid, van ongeluk, van ellende nie, ek is ‘n
sotāpanna, van nature vry van toestande van ellende, seker dat ek bestem
is vir sambodhi?

Hier, andananda, word ‘n ariyasāvaka toegerus met Boeddhe aveccappasāda:

IV. Waarneming van Dhammas

A. Afdeling oor die NÄ«varaį¹‡as

En
bhikkhus, hoe woon ‘n bhikkhu dammas in dhammas waar? Hier, bhikkhus,
woon ‘n bhikkhu waar hy dhammas in dhammas waarneem met verwysing na die
vyf nÄ«varaį¹‡as. En verder, bhikkhus, hoe woon ‘n bhikkhu waar hy dhammas
in dhammas waarneem met verwysing na die vyf nÄ«varaį¹‡as?

Hier
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, waar daar kāmacchanda aanwesig is, en
verstaan: “daar is kāmacchanda in my”; omdat daar nie kāmacchanda
teenwoordig is nie, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen kāmacchanda in my nie”;
hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ongeĆ«riemeerde kāmacchanda ontstaan; hy verstaan
ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹kāmacchanda laat vaar word; en hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe
die verlate kāmacchanda nie in die toekoms ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹nie.

Hier
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, omdat daar byāpāda binne-in teenwoordig
is: “daar is byāpāda in my”; dat daar geen byāpāda binne-in die
teenwoordigheid is nie, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen byāpāda in my nie”;
hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die onopgemerkte byāpāda ontstaan; hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe
die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹deurāpāda laat vaar word; en hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die
verlate byāpāda nie in die toekoms ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹nie.

Hier verstaan
ā€‹ā€‹bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, omdat daar thÄ«namiddhā teenwoordig is binne:
‘daar is thÄ«namiddhā in my’; daar nie thÄ«namiddhā teenwoordig is nie,
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen thÄ«namiddhā in my nie”; hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe
die ongeĆ«isste thÄ«namiddhā ontstaan; hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ontstaan
ā€‹ā€‹ThÄ«namiddhā laat vaar word; en hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die verlate
thÄ«namiddhā nie in die toekoms ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹nie.

Hier verstaan
ā€‹ā€‹bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu; daar is uddhacca-kukkucca binne-in, en verstaan:
“daar is uddhacca-kukkucca in my”; daar geen uddhacca-kukkucca binne-in
is nie, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen uddhacca-kukkucca in my nie”; hy
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die onopgevoede uddhacca-kukkucca ontstaan; hy verstaan
ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹uddhacca-kukkucca laat vaar word; en hy verstaan
ā€‹ā€‹hoe die verlate uddhacca-kukkucca nie in die toekoms ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹nie

Hier
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, omdat daar vicikicchā teenwoordig is
binne: “daar is vicikicchā in my”; dat daar nie vicikicchā binne-in
teenwoordig is nie, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen vicikicchā in my nie”;
hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die onge-arseerde vicikicchā ontstaan; hy verstaan
ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹vicikicchā laat vaar word; en hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die
verlate vicikicchā nie in die toekoms ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹nie.Dus
woon hy waar hy dhammas in die binnekant van dhammas waarneem, of hy
woon dammas in dhammas uitwendig waar, of hy woon dhammas in die
binneste en uitwendig waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels
in dhammas waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels in
dhammas, of hy woon waar hy die samudaya waarneem en verbygaan van
verskynsels in dhammas; of anders, [besef:] “dit is dammas!” sati is in
hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en blote paį¹­issati, hy
woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n
bhikkhu, waar hy dhammas in dhammas waarneem, met verwysing na die vyf
nÄ«varaį¹‡as.

B. Afdeling oor die Khandhas

En verder woon
bhikkhus in ‘n bhikkhu wat dhammas in dhammas waarneem met verwysing na
die vyf khandhas. En bhikkhus, hoe woon ‘n bhikkhu dhammas in dhammas
met betrekking tot die vyf khandha’s?

Hier, bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu
[onderskeidings]: “so is rÅ«pa, so is die samudaya van rÅ«pa, so is die
sterfte van rūpa; so is vedanā, so is die samudaya van vedanā, so is die
verbygaan van vedanā; so is saƱƱā, so is die samudaya van saƱƱā, so is
die afsterwe van saƱƱā; so is saį¹…khāra, so is die samudaya van saį¹…khāra,
so is die afsterwe van saį¹…khāra; so is viƱƱāį¹‡a, so is die samudaya van
saį¹…khāra, so is die afsterwe van saį¹…khāra; die afsterwe van viƱƱāį¹‡a ā€.

Dus
woon hy waar hy dhammas in die binnekant van dhammas waarneem, of hy
woon dammas in dhammas uitwendig waar, of hy woon dhammas in die
binneste en uitwendig waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels
in dhammas waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels in
dhammas, of hy woon waar hy die samudaya waarneem en verbygaan van
verskynsels in dhammas; of anders, [besef:] “dit is dammas!” sati is in
hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en blote paį¹­issati, hy
woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n
bhikkhu, waar hy dhammas in dhammas waarneem, met verwysing na die vyf
khandhas.

D. Afdeling oor die Bojjhaį¹…gas

En verder woon
bhikkhus in ‘n bhikkhu wat dhammas in dhammas waarneem met verwysing na
die sewe bojjhaį¹…gas. En verder, bhikkhus, hoe woon ‘n bhikkhu waar hy
dhammas in dhammas waarneem met verwysing na die sewe bojjhaį¹…gas?

Hier
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, daar die sati sambojjhaį¹…ga binne-in:
“daar is die sati sambojjhaį¹…ga in my”; daar nie ‘n sati-sambojjhaį¹…ga is
nie, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen sati-sambojjhaį¹…ga in my nie”; hy
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ongeĆ«rfde sati sambojjhaį¹…ga ontstaan; hy verstaan
ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹sati sambojjhaį¹…ga tot volmaaktheid ontwikkel word.

Daar
die dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹…ga aanwesig is, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is die
dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹…ga in my”; omdat daar nie die dhammavicaya
sambojjhaį¹…ga aanwesig is nie, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen dhammavicaya
sambojjhaį¹…ga in my nie”; hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ongeĆ«rfde dhammavicaya
sambojjhaį¹…ga ontstaan; hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹dhammavicaya
sambojjhaį¹…ga tot volmaaktheid ontwikkel is.

Daar die vīriya
sambojjhaį¹…ga aanwesig is, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is die vÄ«riya
sambojjhaį¹…ga in my”; omdat daar nie die vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹…ga teenwoordig
is nie, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹…ga in my nie”; hy
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ongeĆ«rfde vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹…ga ontstaan; hy verstaan
ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹…ga tot volmaaktheid ontwikkel is.

Daar
die pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹…ga aanwesig is, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is die pÄ«ti
sambojjhaį¹…ga in my”; daar nie ‘n pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹…ga aanwesig is nie,
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹…ga in my nie”; hy verstaan
ā€‹ā€‹hoe die onopgeloste pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹…ga ontstaan; hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die
ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹…ga tot volmaaktheid ontwikkel is. Daar die
passaddhi sambojjhaį¹…ga aanwesig is, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is die
passaddhi sambojjhaį¹…ga in my”; daar nie ‘n passaddhi sambojjhaį¹…ga is
nie, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen passaddhi sambojjhaį¹…ga in my nie”; hy
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ongeĆ«rfde passaddhi sambojjhaį¹…ga ontstaan; hy
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹passaddhi sambojjhaį¹…ga tot volmaaktheid
ontwikkel is.

Daar die samādhi sambojjhaį¹…ga binne is, verstaan
ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is die samādhi sambojjhaį¹…ga in my”; dat daar nie die samādhi
sambojjhaį¹…ga binne-in is nie, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen samādhi
sambojjhaį¹…ga in my nie” hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ongeĆ«rfde samādhi
sambojjhaį¹…ga ontstaan; hy verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹samādhi
sambojjhaį¹…ga tot volmaaktheid ontwikkel is.Daar
die upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga aanwesig is, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is die
upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga in my”; daar nie ‘n upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga in hom is
nie, verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hy: “daar is geen upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga in my nie”; hy
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die onopgevekte upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga ontstaan; hy
verstaan ā€‹ā€‹hoe die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga tot volmaaktheid
ontwikkel is.

Dus woon hy waar hy dhammas in die binnekant van
dhammas waarneem, of hy woon dammas in dhammas uitwendig waar, of hy
woon dhammas in die binneste en uitwendig waar; hy woon waar hy die
samudaya van verskynsels in dhammas waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe
van verskynsels in dhammas, of hy woon waar hy die samudaya waarneem en
verbygaan van verskynsels in dhammas; of anders, [besef:] “dit is
dammas!” sati is in hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en
blote paį¹­issati, hy woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie.
Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, wat dhammas in dhammas waarneem, met
verwysing na die sewe bojjhaį¹…gas.

E. Afdeling oor die waarhede

En
verder woon bhikkhus in ‘n bhikkhu wat dhammas in dhammas waarneem met
verwysing na die vier Ariasakka’s. En bhikkhus, hoe woon ‘n bhikkhu
dhammas in dhammas met betrekking tot die vier Ariasakka’s?

E1. Uiteensetting van Dukkhasacca

En
wat, bhikkhus, is die dukkha ariyasacca? Jāti is dukkha, veroudering is
dukkha (siekte is dukkha) maraį¹‡a is dukkha, hartseer, klaagliedere,
dukkha, domanassa en nood is dukkha, assosiasie met wat nie van gehou
word nie is dukkha, dissosiasie van wat gehou word is dukkha, nie om te
kry wat ‘n mens wil hĆŖ nie is dukkha; in kort, die vyf upādāna Ā· k Ā·
khandhas is dukkha.

En wat, bhikkhus, is jati? Vir die
verskillende wesens in die verskillende klasse van wesens, jāti, die
geboorte, die afkoms [in die baarmoeder], die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹[in die
wĆŖreld], die voorkoms, die verskyning van die khandhas, die verkryging
van die āyatanas. Dit, bhikkhus, word jāti genoem.

En wat,
bhikkhus, is jarā? Vir die verskillende wesens in die verskillende
klasse van wesens, jarā, die toestand van verval, die gebreekte tande,
die grys hare, die gekreukel, die agteruitgang van die lewenskrag, die
verval van die indriya’s: dit, bhikkhus, word jarā genoem.

En
wat, bhikkhus, is maraį¹‡a? Vir die verskillende wesens in die
verskillende klasse van wesens, die dood, die toestand van verskuiwing
[uit die bestaan], die opbreek, die verdwyning, die dood, maraį¹‡a, die
afsterwe, die opbreek van die khandha’s, die neerlĆŖ van die lyk:
hierdie, bhikkhus, word maraį¹‡a genoem.

En wat, bhikkhus, is
hartseer? In een, bhikkhus, geassosieer met verskillende soorte
ongelukkigheid, aangeraak deur verskillende soorte dukkha dhammas, die
mossie, die rou, die toestand van droefheid, die innerlike hartseer, die
innerlike groot verdriet: dit, bhikkhus, word hartseer genoem.

En
wat, bhikkhus, is klaagliedere? In een, bhikkhus, geassosieer met
verskillende soorte ongelukkigheid, aangeraak deur verskillende soorte
dukkha dhammas, die geskreeu, die klaagliedere, die geween, die geween,
die toestand van die huil, die staat van klaagliedere: hierdie,
bhikkhus, word klaaglied genoem.

En wat, bhikkhus, is dukkha? Hoe
dan ook, bhikkhus, liggaamlike dukkha, liggaamlike onaangenaamheid,
dukkha wat veroorsaak word deur liggaamlike kontak, onaangename
vedayitas: dit, bhikkhus, word dukkha genoem.

En wat, bhikkhus,
is domanassa? Hoe dit ook al sy, bhikkhus, geestelike dukkha, geestelike
onaangenaamheid, dukkha gepaard met geestelike kontak, onaangename
vedayitas: dit, bhikkhus, word domanassa genoem.

En wat,
bhikkhus, is wanhoop? In een, bhikkhus, geassosieer met verskillende
soorte ongelukkigheid, aangeraak deur verskillende soorte dukkha
dhammas, die moeilikheid, die wanhoop, die toestand van probleme, die
toestand van wanhoop: hierdie, bhikkhus, word wanhoop genoem.

En
wat, bhikkhus, is die dukkha om geassosieer te word met dit wat nie
saamstem nie? Wat die vorme, geluide, smake, reuke, liggaamsverskynsels
en geestesverskynsels betref, is daar onplezierige, nie aangename,
onaangename dinge nie, of anders diegene wat ‘n nadeel wil hĆŖ, diegene
wat verlies verlang, diegene wat ‘n ongemak verlang, wat ‘n mens se
nie-bevryding verlang van gehegtheid, ontmoeting, verbondenheid,
saamwees en ontmoeting met hulle: hierdie, bhikkhus, word die dukkha
genoem van assosiasie met dit wat nie saamstem nie.

En wat,
bhikkhus, is die dukkha om los te maak van wat aangenaam is? Hier is die
vorme, geluide, smake, reuke, liggaamlike verskynsels en geestelike
verskynsels wat aangenaam, aangenaam, aangenaam is, of anders diegene
wat die voordeel van hulle wil hĆŖ, diegene wat voordeel trek, diegene
wat gemak wil hĆŖ; verlang na ‘n mens se bevryding van gehegtheid, nie
ontmoet nie, nie gekoppel word nie, nie saam wees nie, hulle nie teƫkom
nie: hierdie, bhikkhus, word die dukkha genoem van die dissosie van dit
wat aangenaam is.Die
oog-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
oor-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die
neus-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
tong-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ.
Kāya-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.
Mana-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.

Die
vedanā wat uit die oog-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam
en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as hy opstaan, ontstaan, daar as hy gaan
vestig, vestig dit. Die vedanā wat uit ear-samphassa in die wĆŖreld
gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar ta ,hā, as dit opstaan,
ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die vedanā wat uit die
neus-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹‡hā, as hy opstaan, ontstaan, daar as hy gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die
vedanā wat uit die tong-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam
en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit
gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die vedanā gebore uit kāya-samphassa in die
wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan,
daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die vedanā wat uit die wĆŖreld van
mana-samphassa gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as dit
opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.

Die saƱƱā
van sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā,
as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
saƱƱā van klanke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā,
as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
saƱƱā van reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar ta ,hā,
as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
smaaklike smaak in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die saƱƱā
van liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.
Die saƱƱā van Dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.

Die
bedoeling [verwant aan] sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan
vestig, vestig dit. Die bedoeling [verwant aan] klanke in die wĆŖreld is
aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar
wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die bedoeling [met betrekking tot]
reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as dit
opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
bedoeling [verwant aan] smake in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam;
daar taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan
dit lĆŖ. Die bedoeling [verwant aan] liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld
is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar
wanneer dit gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die bedoeling [verwant aan] dhammas
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan,
ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.

Die taį¹‡hā vir
sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, vestig dit. Die
taį¹‡hā vir klanke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, kom dit af. Die
taį¹‡hā vir reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ. Die
taį¹‡hā vir smake in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, kom dit af. Die taį¹‡hā
vir liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit
lĆŖ. Die taį¹‡hā vir dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, vestig dit.
Die
vicāra van sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, vestig
dit. Die vicāra van klanke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit
lĆŖ. Die vicāra van reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan vestig, gaan dit
lĆŖ. Die verskillende smaak in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar as dit gaan vestig, gaan dit lĆŖ.
Die vicāra van liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan
vestig, vestig dit. Die vicāra van dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam, daar taį¹‡hā, as dit opstaan, ontstaan, daar wanneer dit gaan
vestig, vestig dit. Dit word bhikkhus, die dukkha Ā· samudaya ariyasacca
genoem.E3. Uiteensetting van Nirodhasacca

En
wat, bhikkhus, is die dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Dit is hierdie taį¹‡hā
wat lei tot wedergeboorte, gekoppel aan begeerte en genot, en hier of
daar ‘n vreugde vind, dit wil sĆŖ: kāma-taį¹‡hā, bhava-taį¹‡hā en
vibhava-taį¹‡hā. Maar hierdie taį¹‡hā, bhikkhus, wanneer dit verlate is,
waar word dit laat vaar, en wanneer dit ophou, waar hou dit op? In die
wĆŖreld wat aangenaam en aangenaam lyk, is dit hier waar taį¹‡hā, as dit
verlate is, laat vaar word, en wanneer dit ophou.

En wat in die
wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam? Die oog in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar is taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou,
dit stop. Die oor in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar is
taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, dit stop. Die
neus in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit
verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, hou dit op. Die tong in die
wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is,
verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Kāya in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam, daar is taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou,
dit stop. Mana in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā,
as hy verlate is, verlate, daar as hy ophou, dit stop.

Sigbare
vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit
verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Klanke in die wĆŖreld
is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate,
daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit
ophou, dit stop. Proe in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹‡hā, as dit verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit opgehou.
Liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹‡hā, as dit verlaat word, verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, dit
opgehou. Dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop.

Die
oog-viƱƱāį¹‡a in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar is taį¹‡hā, as
dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die oor-viƱƱāį¹‡a in
die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar is taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate,
verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die neus-viƱƱāį¹‡a in die wĆŖreld is
aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate, verlate, daar
as dit ophou, dit opgehou. Die tong-viƱƱāį¹‡a in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam
en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit
ophou, dit opgehou. Kāya-viƱƱāį¹‡a in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar is taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou,
dit stop. Mana-viƱƱāį¹‡a in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit opgehou.

Die
oog-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit verlate is, word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die
oor-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit verlate is, word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die
neus-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit verlate is, word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die
tong-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹‡hā, as
dit verlate is, word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop.
Kāya-samphassa in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar word taį¹‡hā,
as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Mana-samphassa
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is,
word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop.

Die vedanā wat uit
die oog-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam;
daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop
dit. Die vedanā wat uit oor-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is
aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate,
daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die vedanā wat uit die neus-samphassa in
die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit
verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die vedanā wat uit
die tong-samphassa in die wĆŖreld gebore is, is aangenaam en aangenaam;
daar is taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die
vedanā wat uit die wĆŖreld van kāya-samphassa gebore is, is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit
ophou, stop dit. Die vedanā wat uit die wĆŖreld van mana-samphassa gebore
is, is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is,
verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit.Die
saƱƱā van sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit gestaak. Die
saƱƱā van klanke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar word
taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die
saƱƱā van reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar word
taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit opgehou. Die
smaak van die smaak in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit gestaak. Die
saƱƱā van liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam;
daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit
opgehou. Die saƱƱā van Dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam,
daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop
dit.

Die bedoeling [verwant aan] sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is
aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate, verlate, daar
as dit ophou, dit gestaak. Die bedoeling [met betrekking tot] klanke in
die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar taį¹‡hā, as dit verlaat word,
word verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die bedoeling [met betrekking
tot] reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as
dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit ophou. Die bedoeling
[verwant aan] smake in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die
bedoeling [verwant aan] liggaamlike verskynsels in die wĆŖreld is
aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlaat word, verlate,
daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die voorneme [verwant aan] dhammas in die
wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlaat word,
verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit.

Die taį¹‡hā vir sigbare vorms
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit
verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die taį¹‡hā vir klanke
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit
verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die taį¹‡hā vir reuke in
die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlaat
word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die taį¹‡hā vir smake in die
wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlaat word,
verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die taį¹‡hā vir liggaamsverskynsels
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taāhā, as dit verlaat
word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die taį¹‡hā vir dhammas in
die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlaat
word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit.

Die vitakka van
sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar word taį¹‡hā,
as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die vitakka van
klanke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit
verlate is, verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, dit stop. Die vitakka van
reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit
verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die vitakka van smaak
in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate
is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, dit stop. Die vitakka van
liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹‡hā, as dit verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit. Die
vitakka van dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar word
taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop dit.

Die
vicāra van sigbare vorms in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar
word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, stop
dit. Die vicāra van klanke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam, daar
taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, word verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, dit
stop. Die omhulsel van reuke in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam,
daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit ophou, stop
dit. Die vicāra van smake in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en aangenaam; daar
word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar wanneer dit ophou, dit
stop. Die vicāra van liggaamsverskynsels in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlaat word, verlate, daar as dit
ophou, stop dit. Die vicāra van dhammas in die wĆŖreld is aangenaam en
aangenaam; daar word taį¹‡hā, as dit verlate is, verlate, daar as dit
ophou, stop dit. Dit word bhikkhus, die dukkha Ā· nirodha ariyasacca
genoem.

E4. Uiteensetting van Maggasacca

En wat,
bhikkhus, is die dukkha Ā· nirodha Ā· gāminÄ« paį¹­ipadā ariyasacca? Dit is
net hierdie ariya aį¹­į¹­haį¹…gika magga, dit wil sĆŖ sammādiį¹­į¹­hi,
sammāsaį¹…kappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammā-ājÄ«vo, sammāvāyāmo,
sammāsati en sammāsamādhi.

En wat, bhikkhus, is sammādiį¹­į¹­hi? Dit,
bhikkhus, wat die Ʊāį¹‡a van dukkha is, die Ʊāį¹‡a van dukkha-samudaya, die
Ʊāį¹‡a van dukkha-nirodha en die Ʊāį¹‡a van dukkha-nirodha-gāmini paį¹­ipada,
dit word bhikkhus, sammādiį¹­į¹­hi genoem.

En wat, bhikkhus, is
sammāsaį¹…kappas? Diegene, bhikkhus, wat saį¹…kappas of nekkhamma is,
saį¹…kappas of abyāpāda, saį¹…kappas of avihiį¹ƒsā, dit word genoem, bhikkhus,
sammāsaį¹…kappas.En
wat, bhikkhus, is sammāvācā? Dit, bhikkhus, wat hom onthou van
musāvādā, onthou van pisuį¹‡a vācā, onthou van pharusa vācā, en onthou van
samphappalāpa, dit word genoem bhikkhus, sammāvācā.

En wat,
bhikkhus, is sammā-kammanta? Dit, bhikkhus, wat hom van pāį¹‡Ätipāta
onthou, van adinnādāna onthou, van abrahmacariya, wat genoem word,
bhikkhus, sammā-kammanta, onthou.

En wat, bhikkhus, is
sammā-ājÄ«va? Hier ondersteun bhikkhus, ‘n edele dissipel, wat die
verkeerde bestaan ā€‹ā€‹laat vaar het, sy lewe met regte lewensmiddele, dit
wil sĆŖ bhikkhus, sammā-jÄ«va.

En wat, bhikkhus, is sammāvāyāma?
Hier, bhikkhus, genereer ‘n bhikkhu sy chanda vir die nie-ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹van
ongerigte pāpaka en akusala dhammas; hy oefen homself uit, wek sy
viriya, pas sy sitta kragtig toe en streef; hy genereer sy chanda vir
die versaaking van ontstane pāpaka en akusala dhammas, hy oefen homself
uit, wek sy viriya, pas sy sitta kragtig toe en streef; hy genereer sy
chanda vir die ontstaan ā€‹ā€‹van ongeĆ«rfde kusala dhammas, hy oefen homself
uit, wek sy viriya, pas sy sitta kragtig toe en streef; hy genereer sy
chanda vir die standvastigheid van ontstane kusala dhammas, vir hul
afwesigheid van verwarring, vir hul toename, hul ontwikkeling, hul
verbouing en die voltooiing daarvan. Dit word bhikkhus, sammāvāyāma
genoem.

‘N Wat, wel, is sammāsati? Hier woon bhikkhus, ‘n
bhikkhu, waar hy kāya in kāya, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, waar hy die
abhijjhā-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld opgegee het, opgee. Hy woon waar hy
vedanā in vedanā, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā waarneem, terwyl hy
abhijjhā-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld prysgegee het. Hy woon waar hy sitta
in citta, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, waar hy die abhijjhā-domanassa teen
die wĆŖreld opgegee het. Hy woon waar hy dhamma’s in dhamma’s, ātāpÄ«
sampajāno, satimā waarneem, terwyl hy abhijjhā-domanassa teen die wĆŖreld
prysgegee het. Dit word bhikkhus, sammāsati genoem.

En wat,
bhikkhus, is sammāsamādhi? Hier, bhikkhus, ‘n bhikkhu, losgemaak van
kāma, losgemaak van akusala dhammas, het die eerste jhāna binnegekom, en
daarin gebly, met vitakka en vicāra, met pti en sukha gebore uit
loslating. Met die stilmaking van vitakka-vicāra, nadat hy in die tweede
jhāna ingegaan het, bly hy daarin met innerlike tanquilization,
vereniging van citta, sonder vitakka of vicāra, met pti en sukha gebore
uit samādhi. En met onverskilligheid teenoor pīti, bly hy in upekkha,
sato en sampajāno, ervaar hy in kāya die suka wat die ariyas beskryf:
‘een wat gelykwaardig en bedagsaam is, woon in [hierdie] sukha’, nadat
hy in die derde jhana ingegaan het, bly hy daarin. Hy het sukha verlaat
en dukkha, somanassa en domanassa wat voorheen verdwyn het, sonder sukha
of dukkha, met die suiwerheid van upekkha en sati laat vaar, en hy het
in die vierde jhana ingegaan en bly daarin. Dit word bhikkhus,
sammāsamādhi genoem.

Dit word bhikkhus, die dukkha Ā· nirodha Ā· gāminÄ« paį¹­ipadā ariyasacca genoem.

Dus
woon hy waar hy dhammas in die binnekant van dhammas waarneem, of hy
woon dammas in dhammas uitwendig waar, of hy woon dhammas in die
binneste en uitwendig waar; hy woon waar hy die samudaya van verskynsels
in dhammas waarneem, of hy woon by die afsterwe van verskynsels in
dhammas, of hy woon waar hy die samudaya waarneem en verbygaan van
verskynsels in dhammas; of anders, [besef:] “dit is dammas!” sati is in
hom teenwoordig, net in die mate van blote Ʊāį¹‡a en blote paį¹­issati, hy
woon losstaande en hou nie vas aan die wĆŖreld nie. Dus woon bhikkhus, ‘n
bhikkhu, waar hy dhammas in dhammas waarneem, met verwysing na die vier
Ariasakka’s.

Die voordele verbonde aan die beoefening van die Satipaį¹­į¹­hānas

Vir
elkeen, wat bhikkhus is, hierdie vier satipaį¹­į¹­hānas sewe jaar lank op
hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een van die twee resultate verwag word:
of [perfekte] kennis in sigbare verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly,
anāgāmita.

Laat staan ā€‹ā€‹nog sewe jaar, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen,
bhikkhus, wat hierdie vier satipaį¹­į¹­hānas gedurende ses jaar op hierdie
manier sou beoefen, kan een van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f
[perfekte] kennis in sigbare verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly,
anāgāmita.

Laat staan ā€‹ā€‹nog ses jaar, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, wat
bhikkhus is, hierdie vier satipaį¹­į¹­hānas vyf jaar lank op hierdie manier
sou beoefen, kan een van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte]
kennis in sigbare verskynsels, Ć³f as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anāgāmita.

Laat
staan ā€‹ā€‹nog vyf jaar, bhikkhus. Vir wie ook al, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaāhānas gedurende vier jaar op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: of [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anāgāmita.

Laat staan
ā€‹ā€‹nog vier jaar, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas drie jaar lank op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een van
die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [volmaakte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, Ć³f as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anāgāmita.Laat
staan ā€‹ā€‹nog drie jaar, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas twee jaar lank op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een van
die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [volmaakte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anāgāmita.

Laat staan
ā€‹ā€‹nog twee jaar, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, wat bhikkhus is, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas gedurende een jaar op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, Ć³f as daar nog ‘n klem oorbly, anāgāmita.

Laat staan
ā€‹ā€‹nog een jaar, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, wat bhikkhus is, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas sewe maande lank op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: of [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anāgāmita.

Laat staan
ā€‹ā€‹nog sewe maande, bhikkhus. Vir wie ook al, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas gedurende ses maande op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan
een van die twee resultate verwag word: of [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anāgāmita.

Laat staan
ā€‹ā€‹nog ses maande, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, wat bhikkhus is, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas vyf maande lank op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een van
die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anāgāmita.

Laat staan
ā€‹ā€‹nog vyf maande, bhikkhus. Vir wie ook al, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas gedurende vier maande op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan
een van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem oorbly, anāgāmita.

Laat staan
ā€‹ā€‹nog vier maande, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas drie maande lank op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anāgāmita.

Laat staan
ā€‹ā€‹nog drie maande, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas gedurende twee maande op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan
een van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anāgāmita.

Laat staan
ā€‹ā€‹nog twee maande, bhikkhus. Vir elkeen, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas gedurende een maand op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [volmaakte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem oorbly, anāgāmita.

Laat staan
ā€‹ā€‹nog een maand, bhikkhus. Vir wie ook al, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas op ‘n halwe maand op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: Ć³f [volmaakte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem bly, anāgāmita.

Laat staan
ā€‹ā€‹nog ‘n halwe maand, bhikkhus. Vir wie ook al, bhikkhus, hierdie vier
satipaį¹­į¹­hānas gedurende ‘n week op hierdie manier sou beoefen, kan een
van die twee resultate verwag word: of [perfekte] kennis in sigbare
verskynsels, of as daar nog ‘n klem oorbly, anāgāmita.

‘Dit,
bhikkhus, is die pad wat lei tot niks anders nie as die suiwering van
wesens, die oorkom van hartseer en klaagliedere, die verdwyning van
dukkha-domanassa, die bereiking van die regte weg, die verwesenliking
van Nibbāna, dit wil sĆŖ die vier satipaį¹­į¹­hānas. ” So is dit gesĆŖ, en op
grond van dit alles is gesĆŖ.

So het die Bhagavā gepraat. Verheug, verwelkom die bhikkhus die woorde van die Bhagavā.

COVID-19-sameswering beweer, maar die oorsprong van virusse is steeds ‘n raaisel.
Daar was steeds geen afdoende antwoorde oor waar die siekte begin het nie.

SARS-CoV-2,
nou verantwoordelik vir meer as 200,000 sterftes wĆŖreldwyd, is
gesintetiseer deur die Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), gebaseer in
die stad waar die siekte die eerste keer geĆÆdentifiseer is.

https://srv1.worldometers.info/coronavirus/

Laas opgedateer: 17 Julie 2020, 02:36 GMT

Coronavirusgevalle:
13946603

Sterftes:
592677

Verhaal: 8277741

https://srv1.worldometers.info/

WĆŖreldbevolking

7,798,553,490 Huidige wĆŖreldbevolking
76.123.653 Geboortes hierdie jaar
131,760 Geboortes vandag
31.958.533Deaths hierdie jaar
55,316 Deaths vandag
44.165.120 Nie-bevolkingsgroei hierdie jaar
76.444 Netto bevolkingsgroei vandag
Regering en ekonomie
$ 5.192.466.065 Publieke uitgawes vir gesondheidsorg vandag
$ 3.548.995.172 Besteding aan openbare onderwys vandag
$ 1.611.124.159 Publieke militĆŖre uitgawes vandag
42.884.658Motors is vanjaar geproduseer
81.989.984 Fietse is vanjaar geproduseer
135.760.558 rekenaars het vanjaar geproduseer

Samelewing en media

1.457.662Nuwe boektitels wat hierdie jaar uitgegee is
163.340.023 Koerante is vandag versprei
229.277 TV-stelle word vandag wĆŖreldwyd verkoop
2.240.960 sellulĆŖre telefone word vandag verkoop
$ 100.275.383 dollar betaal vandag aan videospeletjies
4,619,703,472 Internasionale gebruikers in die wĆŖreld vandag
90.357.660.785 E-posse wat vandag gestuur is
2,396,843 Blogplasings wat vandag geskryf is
268.553.966Tweets vandag gestuur
2,500,303,980Google-soektogte vandagomgewing

2,825,868Beste verlies hierdie jaar (hektaar)
3,804,383Land verloor vanjaar aan gronderosie (ha)
19.652.859.759 CO2-uitstoot hierdie jaar (ton)
6.520.576 Verklaring hierdie jaar (hektaar)
5.320.996 Giftige chemikalieƫ vrygestel
hierdie jaar in die omgewing (ton)

Kos

844.519.000 Ondervoede mense in die wĆŖreld
1,696,161,168Oorgewig mense in die wĆŖreld
761,167,227Obese mense ter wĆŖreld
10.518 Mense wat vandag aan honger gesterf het
199.430.793 dollar betaal vir vetsugverwante
siektes in die VSA vandag
65,018,111 dollar betaal aan gewigsverlies
programme in die VSA vandag

water

2.372.518.690Water gebruik hierdie jaar (miljoen L)
457.554 Dowe veroorsaak deur waterverwante
siektes hierdie jaar
799.492.609 Mense met geen toegang tot nie
‘n veilige drinkwaterbron

energie

160.528.292Energie wat vandag gebruik word (MWh), waarvan:
136.650.747- van nie-hernubare bronne (MWh)
24.174.161 - van hernubare bronne (MWh)
1.005.878.258.909 Sonne-energie tref die aarde vandag (MWh)
32.924.317 olie vandag gepomp (vate)
1.502.788.411.753 Olie oor (vate)
15.672 Dae tot die einde van olie (~ 43 jaar)
1.094.735.942.077 Natuurlike gas links (boe)
57.618Dae tot die einde van aardgas
4,314,796,711,536Kool links (boe)
148,786 Dae tot die einde van steenkool

gesondheid

7.053.532 sterftes aan oordraagbare siektes hierdie jaar
264.983 Jaarlikse sterftes as gevolg van griep
4,129,984 sterfkinders van kinders onder 5 hierdie jaar
23.110.679 Aborsies hierdie jaar
167.941 Sterftes van moeders tydens geboorte hierdie jaar
41.948.645 MIV / VIGS-besmette mense
913.395 sterftes wat vanjaar deur MIV / VIGS veroorsaak is
4,462,439 sterftes wat vanjaar deur kanker veroorsaak is
532.956 sterftes wat vanjaar deur malaria veroorsaak is
5.206.016.760 Sigarette word vandag gerook
2,716,193 Lyfies word vanjaar veroorsaak deur rook
1.358.953 sterftes wat deur alkohol veroorsaak word
582.653 Onkruiddoders hierdie jaar
217.363.951.862 dollar spandeer hierdie jaar aan onwettige dwelmmiddels
733,458 Laai hierdie jaar sterftes in verkeersongelukke

GEBOORTE,
OUDERDOM, SIEKTE, SIEKTE, DOOD IS VEILIGHEID Mag almal gelukkig, wel en
veilig wees! Mag almal kalm, stil, waaksaam, oplettend en gelykheid
wees met ‘n duidelike begrip dat alles verander!
Mag almal wat gesterf het, die ewige saligheid as einddoel bereik en in vrede rus
terwyl
hulle die volgende oorspronklike woorde van die Boeddha, die Mettiyya
Awakened One, met onrustigheid gevolg het: Lande en gebiede sonder enige
gevalle van COVID-19

1. Comore, 2. Noord-Korea, 3. Jemen, 4. Die
Federale State van Mikronesiƫ, 5. Kiribati, 6. Salomonseilande, 7. Die
Cookeilande, 8. Mikronesiƫ, 9. Tong, 10. Die Marshall-eilande Palau, 11.
Amerikaanse Samoa, 12. Suid-Georgiƫ, 13. Suid-Sandwich-eilande,
14.SaintHelena, Europa, 15. Aland-eilande, 16.Svalbard, 17. Jan
Mayen-eilande, 18. Latyns-Amerika, 19.Afrika, 20.Britse Indiese
Oseaan-gebied, 21 Franse suidelike gebiede, 22.Lesotho, 23.Oceania,
24.Christmas Island, 25. Cocos (Keeling) Eilande, 26. Heard Island, 27.
McDonald Eilande, 28. Niue, 29. Norfolk Island, 30. Pitcairn, 31.
Salomo-eilande, 32. Tokelau, 33. Klein buitelandse eilande van die
Verenigde State, 34. Wallis- en Futuna-eilande, 35. Tajikistan, 36.
Turkmenistan, 37. Tuvalu, 38. Vanuatu
terwyl hulle die oorspronklike woorde van die Boeddha Metteyya Awakened One met bewustheid volg:
Dhammacakkappavattana
Sutta1. Dasa raja dhamma, 2. kusala 3. Kuutadanta Sutta dana, 4.
priyavacana, 5. artha cariya, 6. samanatmata, 7. Samyutta Nikayaaryaor,
ariyasammutidev 8. Agganna Sutta, 9. Majjima Nikaya, 10. arya ā€ofā€œ ariy,
11.sammutideva, 12. Digha Nikaya, 13. Maha Sudassana,
14.Dittadhammikatthasamvattanika-dhamma, 15. Canon Sutta, 16. Pali Canon
en Suttapitaka, 17. Iddhipada, 18. Lokiyadhamma en Lokuttaradhamma, 19.
BrahmavihĆ ra, 20. Sangahavatthu, 21. Nathakaranadhamma, 22.
Saraniyadhamma, 23. Adhipateyya Dithadhammikattha, 24. dukkha, 25.
anicca, 26. Anatta, 27. Samsara, 28. Cakkamatti Sihananda Sutta,
29.Chandagati, 30.Dosagati, 31. Mohagati, 32.Bhayagati, 33.Yoniso
manasikara, 34. BrahmavihĆ raSangaha vatthu, 35. Nathakaranadhamma,
36.SaraniyadhammaAdhipateyya, 37. Dithadhammikatth38.Mara, 39.Law of
Kamma, 40. dhammamahamatras, 41.IV. Waarneming van Dhammas,
42.Assamedha, 43.Sassamedha, 44.Naramedha, 45.Purisamedha, 46.Sammapasa,
47.Vajapeyya, 48.Niraggala, 49.Sila, 50.Samadhi, 51.Panna,
52.Samma-sankappa, 53.Sigalovada Sutta, 54.Brahmajala Sutta, 55.Vasettha
Sutta in Majjhima Nikaya, 56. Ambattha Sutta in Digha Nikaya

Mag
almal gelukkig, wel en veilig wees! Mag almal lank lewe! Mag almal
rustig, stil, waaksaam, oplettend en gelykheid wees met ‘n duidelike
begrip dat alles verander!

Die salige, edele, ontwaakte een ā€” die tathagataGee mense tyd. Gee mense ruimte. Moet niemand smeek om te bly nie. Laat hulle dwaal. Wat vir u altyd bedoel is?

https://tricycle.org/magazine/buddhist-food-cupcake/

Waar die Hunger Struggle van Word staan

Maį¹‡imēkalai, ā€œversierde gordel, gordel van juweleā€
het ‘n magieAtchaya Pathiram ontvang
(bedelkom) wat altyd gevul word.

Akshaya pathram Manimegalai, die volgeling van Awakened One with Awareness, het gesĆŖ

‘Honger is die ergste soort siekte.’
‘Die hele geheim van bestaan ā€‹ā€‹is om nie bang te wees nie.’

Manimekalai
het die gevangenis in ‘n hospice omskep om behoeftiges te help, leer
die koning die dma van die Boeddha. In die laaste vyf kanto’s van die
epos sĆŖ Boeddhistiese onderwysers vier edelwaarhede, twaalf Nidanas en
ander idees aan haar.

Vrywilligers moet voltydse lede word om die
visie en strewe van sy geestelike Manimekala Akshya Pathram te vervul.
Moet toegewyd wees aan die saak tans en betrek by strategie, groei en
bestuur van Akshaya Patra.

Die reis tot dusver en wat die toekoms
inhou in die missie om honger na kinders en volwassenes in die wĆŖreld
te beƫindig. Tegnologie moet in massaproduksie gebruik word vir die
fantastiese resultate. Ander inisiatiewe van die Akshaya Patra moet
kinders en volwassenes met minderbevoorregte agtergronde help om hul
drome te verwesenlik.

Al die regerings regoor die wĆŖreld gee
geld vir die bestuur van Akshaya Patra en beveel al die waens wat deur
die departement, polisievoertuie gebruik word om voorraad, groente en
voedsel in eetbare kospakkies te voorsien totdat al die pakkies verwyder
is.

Die nuutste kombuise moet ‘n studieonderwerp word en nuuskierige besoekers van regoor die wĆŖreld lok.

Vennootskap
met die regerings regoor die wĆŖreld IndiĆ« en verskillende
staatsregerings, tesame met die volgehoue ā€‹ā€‹steun van maatskappye,
individuele donateurs en welwillendes, moet Manimekali Akshya Pathram
help om miljoene minderbevoorregte kinders en volwassenes te bedien.
elke wakker oomblik word spandeer om kos te soek. Jou buik is weg en jou
ledemate is soos ‘n honger kind. U honger is onophoudelik en pynlik,
maar u keel is nie groter as die oog van ‘n naald nie. As u kos vind,
kan u dit nie sluk nie. Nie eers ‘n hap nie. Die honger duur voort, en u
soektog duur voort. Dit is die lot van pretas in die Boeddhistiese
tradisie - die honger spoke. Hierdie arme siele is op hierdie manier
wedergebore, omdat hulle in die vorige lewens gedryf is deur begeerte,
hebsug, woede en onkunde. Alhoewel u op ‘n gegewe dag ‘n paar van
hierdie kassies kan nagaan, moet u in Boeddhisme sulke onheilspellende
dinge neem om uit te eindig met so ‘n gemartelde bestaan ā€‹ā€‹- soos moord
pleeg in ‘n jaloerse woede. Dit is dus nie nodig om paniekerig te raak
nie. In baie Asiatiese kulture is dit ‘n tradisie om kos aan te bied vir
die honger spoke. Maar dit help nie regtig nie. Dit blyk dat hierdie
spoke nie regtig na kos soek nie. Of dit is hulle, maar hul soeke is
verkeerd gelei. Die honger na die spoke het niks met kos te doen nie, en
alles te make met wat hulle in hul vorige tyd op aarde gedoen het. Daar
is baie kos vir hulle, maar hulle kan dit nie eet nie. Soos elke
godsdienstige gelykenis, is hier ‘n belangrike les: dit is nie voedsel
wat hulle regtig nodig het nie. In die menslike wĆŖreld wil ons nog
steeds meer kos doen as om ons liggame te voed en ons honger te
bevredig. Ons wend ons tot kos in tye van groot vreugde en hartseer. As
iets wonderliks ā€‹ā€‹gebeur, vier ons dit met ‘n dinee. Ons drink
sjampanje, eet koek, smul aan lekker maaltye. Kos word deel van die
vreugde. En die teenoorgestelde is ook waar. Daar is ‘n lang tradisie om
kos te voorsien aan diegene wat treur. Ons gaan saam om maaltye te
voorsien aan vriende in ‘n krisis - u het miskien op ‘n sekere punt van u
lewe op ‘n sigblad of e-posadres aangemeld om maaltye te bring aan
iemand wat treur, iemand herstel, iemand sukkel. In tye van hartseer wil
ons instinktief troos op ‘n tasbare manier bied. En gereeld doen ons
dit met kos. Daar is voedsel daarvoor - die goeie tye en die slegte. En
dit maak in ‘n sekere sin sin. Dit is lekker om te gaan en ‘n verhoog,
‘n herdenking of ‘n gradeplegtigheid te vier. En dit voel goed dat as
mense regtig swaarkry, die laaste ding waaroor hulle hulle moet
bekommer, ‘n maaltyd saamstel. In hierdie oomblikke van tragedie of
triomf is kos ‘n waardige en welkome bondgenoot. Die probleem kom as ons
kos gebruik om onsself te troos en te beloon as die belangstelling baie
laer is. Uiteindelik het ek die kinders laat slaap, en nou kan ek die
koekies eet wat ek gesien het. Daardie groot byeenkoms vandag was ‘n
warboel, tyd vir ‘n groot glas wyn. Hierdie alledaagse hoogte- en
laagtepunte is uitdagend. Maar hulle is nie waardig vir groot hartseer
of groot viering nie. Of regtig kos.Verwante: Lees ‘n versameling van driewieleronderrig oor voedsel, en ons weet dit ook.

Stel
jou voor dat jy die ete gaan eet om die wasmasjien reg te maak. Of om
‘n ete af te lewer aan ‘n vriend wat ‘n slegte sonbrand gehad het. Dit
klink belaglik. Maar ons gee onsself steeds minbelonings vir geringe
suksesse, en mini-gerief vir geringe irritasies - en dit hou dikwels kos
in. Ons sal nie vir ons ‘n vieringskoek koop nie, maar ons kan dalk ‘n
sny neem as daar in die yskas is. Of ons kan ‘n sak skyfies of ‘n koue
bier vind. Elkeen kan maklik etlike honderde kalorieƫ bevat. En nog
erger, dit is gewoonlik aan die einde van ‘n lang dag dat ons vind dat
ons hierdie beloning of gemak wil hĆŖ - die slegste moontlike tyd vir ons
liggame. Doen dit gereeld, en dit voeg vinnig by. Dit is natuurlik die
rede waarom ons dit doen. Kos is ‘n natuurlike beloning. Dink aan Ivan
Pavlov en sy studies oor klassieke kondisionering by honde - hy het
hulle opgelei met kos. Die gemakskos waarheen ons gewoonlik wend - diƩ
met stysel en suiker - is wetenskaplik bewys dat dit ons bui verbeter.
Het u al ooit gehoor dat iemand na ‘n baie aanloklike happie verwys soos
’soos kraak’? Eet van smaaklike kos lyk asof dit dieselfde dele van die
brein as verslawende middels aktiveer en selfs die vrystelling van
natuurlike opiate veroorsaak. Studies het getoon dat veral koolhidrate
die vrystelling van serotonien verhoog, die chemikalie in die liggaam
wat die bui verhoog. Hoe meer serotonien, hoe beter voel jy. Vetterige
kosse is dieselfde. Breinskanderings van deelnemers aan ‘n 2011-studie,
wat Ć³f ‘n oplossing van vetsure Ć³f ‘n soutoplossing via ‘n voedingsbuis
gekry het, het getoon dat diegene wat die vetsure gekry het, minder
aktiwiteit gehad het in die breinareas wat hartseer beheer het, selfs na
luister na ā€œhartseer klassieke musiek.ā€ (Ja, mense het eintlik aan
hierdie studie deelgeneem ā€” met hartseer musiek en ‘n voedingsbuis.) Wat
is daar fout daarmee? Beter as die werklike kraak ten minste, nie waar
nie? Is dit nie ‘n goeie ding as kos regtig help met ons bui nie? Ja en
nee. Maar meestal nee. Onthou jy die honger spoke? Hulle kry ‘n bietjie
verligting as hulle die kos op hul tonge proe. Studie sĆŖ ons ook, en jy
is gelukkiger as die honger spoke, want jy kan ten minste jou sjokolade
insluk. Maar daardie verligting is tydelik. Die slegte dag hou nog aan,
versmoor deur die brownie, pretzel of muffin. En net soos die honger
spoke, soek jy nie regtig kos nie. Wat die spoke waarlik wil hĆŖ, is
verligting van die leemte wat geskep word deur begeerte, hebsug, woede
en onkunde - maar tog probeer hulle om daardie leƫ gevoel met kos te
vul, al werk dit nooit. Klink dit bekend? Nie net is die self-strelende
versnaperinge so strelend nie, maar as ons kos gebruik om die stres te
verlig en te verlig, gebruik ons ā€‹ā€‹dit op ‘n tydstip waarop ons die
kalorieĆ« die minste kan bekostig. ‘N Onlangse studie van die Ohio State
University met 58 gesonde vroue van middeljarige ouderdom het aan die
lig gebring dat die ervaring van een of meer stresvolle gebeure die dag
voordat hulle ‘n enkele vetmaal geĆ«et het, hul metabolisme vertraag het.
En nie net ‘n bietjie nie - volgens die skrywers genoeg om “bykans 11
pond per jaar op te tel”. Stres blyk die liggaam te laat freak en aan
die kalorieĆ« vasklou, as hulle dink dat hulle dit later nodig sal hĆŖ.
Dit kan ‘n biologiese besmetting wees uit tye van hongersnood, of
wanneer ons nie so seker was wanneer ons ons volgende wollerige mammoet
sou spies nie. Wat ons ook al vandag benadruk - of ‘n siek geliefde, ‘n
sukkelende verhouding, ‘n finansiĆ«le las of ‘n slegte werk - waarskynlik
nie sal honger ly nie. Maar ons liggame het nie ontwikkel om die
verskil te ken nie. En dit word erger. Om te veel redes te veel lei tot
dieselfde negatiewe emosionele toestande wat dan meer ooreet veroorsaak.
‘N Studie van vroue met ‘n normale gewig en oorgewig in Duitsland het
bevind dat hulle hartseer, skaamte en angs ervaar het nadat hulle
hoƫ-kalorie-kosse geƫet het; die vroue wat oorgewig was, het die mees
emosionele reaksies gehad. Ons eet dus te veel as ons hartseer of
gespanne is, en raak dan hartseer en meer stres as ons te veel eet.
Tussendeur kry ons gewig, wat ook gepaard gaan met depressie en alles
erger maak. Dit is nog ‘n bose kringloop van “ooreet, gewigstoename en
depressiewe bui.”Verwante:
Ek het die Boeddhistiese monnikdieet probeer - en dit het gelukkig
gewerk dat daar baie maniere is om stres te hanteer. Die gesondste
benadering is om stappe te doen om die werklike oorsaak aan te spreek.
Dit kan beteken dat u die realiteit van ‘n slegte verhouding in die
gesig staar, of om ‘n nuwe werk te soek, of nee te sĆŖ vir verpligtinge
wat u te dun laat rek het. Sosiale afleiding - basies saam met vriende
of familie - werk ook goed. In werklikheid, van al die maniere om
jouself af te lei, blyk dit die doeltreffendste te wees. Wat
sielkundiges ‘emosie-georiĆ«nteerde hantering’ noem, is die gevaarlikste.
Dit is wanneer jy jouself blameer, dagdroom, fantaseer en andersins oor
jou ellendige lewe herkou. Miskien in die bed gelĆŖ en luister na
hartseer musiek. Moet dit nie doen nie. Dit lei dikwels tot emosionele
eetgewoontes - miskien omdat dit net nie op sigself werk nie.
Aaklig-aaklig laat ons selde beter voel. Andersyds is bewys dat
meditasie en bedagsaamheid - enkele minute van pure stilte en vrede -
aansienlik help. Op dieselfde manier is joga-studies vir die verligting
van spanning en angs baie belowend, en het selfs aangetoon dat joga die
betrokkenheid by voedsel kan verminder vir diegene met ernstige
eetversteurings. Daar is al lankal bekend dat fisieke oefening ons buie
verbeter, en dit help ons ook om angs te beveg. Blootstelling aan die
natuur help baie mense. Miskien moet u verskeie dinge probeer voordat u
iets vind wat vir u werk. Maar moenie toelaat dat u voedsel as ‘n
genesing gebruik nie. U sal natuurlik nou en dan gly. Dit is moeilike
gewoontes om te breek. Maar dink mooi aan hoe gereeld u met hierdie
gedrag betrokke is, en kyk hoe dit gaan - ‘n tydelike oplossing wat ‘n
blywende probleem kan veroorsaak. En onthou die les van die honger
spoke. Die onrustige self kan nooit met kos versadig word nie.

ā™¦ Uit Boeddha se dieet: The Ancient Art of Losing Weight without Lose Your Mind, deur Tara Cottrell en Dan Zigmond, Ā© 2016.

Herdruk
met toestemming van Running Press, ‘n afdruk van Perseus Books, ‘n
afdeling van PBG Publishing, ‘n filiaal van Hachette Book Group.

Daar is geen vuur soos passie nie
Geen misdaad soos haat nie,
Geen hartseer soos skeiding nie,
Geen siekte soos honger nie,
En
geen vreugde soos die vreugde van vryheid nie. Gautama Buddha Zen sĆŖ
beroemd: eet as jy honger het; as jy moeg is, slaap. Maar alles in
matigheid - soos die Boeddha betyds ontdek het om te verhoed dat u
sterf.

VN-nuus

Meer as 820 miljoen mense wat honger ly;
nuwe VN-verslag onthul hardnekkige realiteite van ‘n ‘geweldige’
wĆŖreldwye uitdaging Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling

Na bykans ‘n dekade
van vooruitgang het die aantal mense wat honger ly die afgelope drie
jaar stadig toegeneem, met ongeveer een uit elke nege mense wat vandag
wĆŖreldwyd aan honger ly, het die Verenigde Nasies gesĆŖ in ‘n nuwe
verslag wat Maandag uitgereik is.

Hierdie feit onderstreep ā€œdie
geweldige uitdagingā€ om die nul-honger-teiken van die Volhoubare
Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte (SDG’s) teen 2030 te bereik, volgens die Staat
van Voedselsekerheid en Voeding in die WĆŖreld 2019.

Die verslag,
wat bekendgestel is aan die kant van die High-Level Political Forum
(HLPF) - die belangrikste VN-platform wat die opvolg van State se
optrede op die SDG’s monitor - wat tans in New York aan die gang is,
bevat statistieke volgens streek en toon dat Die honger het bykans 20
persent toegeneem in Afrika se substreek, gebiede wat ook die grootste
voorkoms van ondervoeding het.

Alhoewel die omvang van die honger
in Latyns-Amerika en die Karibiese gebied steeds onder sewe persent is,
neem dit stadig toe. En in AsiĆ« beĆÆnvloed 11% van voeding ondervoeding
die bevolking.

Alhoewel
Suid-Asiƫ die afgelope vyf jaar groot vooruitgang gehad het, met bykans
15 persent, is dit steeds die subregie met die grootste voorkoms van
ondervoeding.

ā€œOns optrede om hierdie ontstellende neigings aan
te pak, sal nie net skaal nie, maar ook ten opsigte van multisektorale
samewerking, moet wees,ā€ het die hoofde van die VN se Voedsel- en
Landbou-organisasie (FAO), die Internasionale Fonds vir
Landbou-ontwikkeling (IFAD), die VN-kinderfonds (UNICEF), die
WĆŖreldvoedselprogram (WFP) en die wĆŖreld

Gesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) dring in hul gesamentlike voorwoord tot die verslag aan.

Honger
neem toe in baie lande waar ekonomiese groei agteruitgaan, veral in
lande met die middelinkomste en lande wat baie staatmaak op
internasionale primĆŖre kommoditeitshandel. Die jaarlikse VN-verslag het
ook bevind dat die ongelykheid van inkomste toeneem in baie lande waar
die honger aan die toeneem is, wat dit vir die armes, kwesbares of
gemarginaliseerdes moeiliker maak om ekonomiese verlangsamings en
afswaai te hanteer.

ā€œOns moet bevorderlik wees vir arm en
inklusiewe strukturele transformasie wat fokus op mense en om
gemeenskappe in die sentrum te plaas om ekonomiese kwesbaarhede te
verminder en onsself op dreef te sit om honger, voedselonsekerheid en
alle vorme van wanvoeding te beĆ«indig,ā€ het die VN-leiers gesĆŖ.Voedselonsekerheid
Hierdie jaar se uitgawe van die verslag gee ‘n breĆ«r blik op die impak van voedselonsekerheid - bo honger.
Dit
stel vir die eerste keer ‘n tweede aanduiding bekend vir die monitering
van doelwitte 2.1 vir die volhoubaarheid van matige of ernstige
voedselonsekerheid wat toon dat 17,2 persent van die wĆŖreldbevolking, of
1,3 miljard mense, nie gereeld toegang gehad het tot ā€œVoedsame en
voldoende voedselā€.
“Selfs al ly hulle nie noodwendig van honger nie,
loop hulle ‘n groter risiko vir verskillende vorme van wanvoeding en
swak gesondheid”, volgens die verslag. Die kombinasie van matige en
ernstige vlakke van voedselonsekerheid bring ongeveer twee miljard mense
in beraming, waar vroue op elke vasteland effens meer onseker is as
mans.
Die verslag toon dat lae geboortegewig steeds ‘n groot
uitdaging is. In die verslag word gesĆŖ dat daar sedert 2012 geen
vordering gemaak is met die vermindering van lae geboortegewig nie.
Boonop
het die aantal kinders onder die ouderdom van vyf wat deur stunt geraak
word die afgelope ses jaar wĆŖreldwyd met 10 persent gedaal, maar die
vorderingstempo is te stadig om te voldoen aan die 2030-teiken om die
getal gestremde kinders te halveer.
Verder neem oorgewig en vetsug
steeds toe in alle streke, veral onder kinders en volwassenes op
skoolgaande ouderdom. Ongelykheid oor inkomste verhoog die
waarskynlikheid van ernstige voedselonsekerheid - VN-verslag
Om
voedselsekerheid en voeding te beveilig, beklemtoon die verslag in 2019
die belangrikheid van ekonomiese en sosiale beleidsrigtings om die
gevolge van ongunstige ekonomiese siklusse wanneer dit opdaag teen te
werk, terwyl vermyding van noodsaaklike dienste vermy word.
Dit hou
vol dat die ongelyke tempo van ekonomiese herstel ā€œdie pogings om honger
en wanvoeding te beƫindig, ondermyn, en die honger neem toe in baie
lande waar die ekonomie
het vertraag of gekrimp ā€, meestal in lande met middelinkomste.

Boonop
ondermyn ekonomiese verlangsamings of afswaaiings buite verhouding
voedselsekerheid en voeding waar die ongelykhede groter is.

Die
verslag word afgesluit met riglyne oor die kort- en langtermynbeleid wat
onderneem moet word om voedselsekerheid en voeding te beveilig tydens
episodes van ekonomiese onstuimigheid of ter voorbereiding daarvan, soos
die integrasie van voedselsekerheid en voedingsprobleme in pogings om
armoede te verminder deur gebruik te maak van armes. en inklusiewe
strukturele transformasies. Oplossing van Indiƫ se hongerprobleem Die
Hooggeregshof het besluit om ‘n pleidooi te ondersoek dat hongerdood
sterf tot die reg op lewe en waardigheid van sosiale weefsel, en ‘n
ā€œradikaleā€ nuwe maatreĆ«l soos gemeenskapskombuise moet regoor die land
ingestel word om arm en honger.

‘N Bank onder leiding van regter
N.V. Ramana het Maandag ‘n kennisgewing aan die regering uitgereik oor
die versoekskrif wat gesamentlik deur aktiviste Anun Dhawan, Ishann
Dhawan en Kunjana Singh ingedien is, verteenwoordig deur advokate Ashima
Mandla en Fuzail Ahmad Ayyubi. Asskhaya Patra-kombuise wat deur die
staat befonds word, moet in alle lande die nuwe konsep wees. Vir die
bekamping van hongersnood en ondervoedingskrisis moet elke kombuis
Akshaya Patra kombuis hĆŖ, sowel as die bestaande hotelle en bakkerye.

https://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/English-Texts/Buddhist-Legends/15-05.htm

Boek
XV. Geluk, Sukha VaggaXV. 5. Die Boeddha voed die hongerige 01203.
Hongersnood is die grootste verdrukking; die Aggregate of Being is die
belangrikste bron van lyding;

As ‘n man dit deeglik begryp, het
hy Nibbana, die Allerhoogste geluk, bereik. Hierdie godsdiensonderrig is
deur die leraar gegee terwyl hy in Āįø·avi in ā€‹ā€‹koshuis was met verwysing
na ‘n sekere leek.

Terwyl die leraar in die parfumeriekamer in
Jetavana {3.262} die dag teen dagbreek die wĆŖreld bekyk het, het hy een
dag ‘n arme man gesien in Āįø·avi. Hy het besef dat hy oor die fakulteite
beskik wat nodig is om die vrug van die bekering te bereik, en hy omring
hom met ‘n geselskap van vyfhonderd monnike en is na Āįø·avi.

Die
inwoners van Āįø·avi het die Onderwyser dadelik uitgenooi om hul gas te
wees. Daardie arme man het ook gehoor dat die Leraar opgedaag het en het
besluit om die onderwyser te hoor preek. Maar op daardie selfde dag
[30,75] het ‘n bees van hom afgedwaal. Daarom het hy by homself gedink:
“Sal ek die bees soek, of sal ek die wet gaan hoor?” En hy het tot die
volgende gevolgtrekking gekom: ‘Ek sal eers die bees soek en dan na die
wet gaan luister.’ Gevolglik het hy vroegoggend sy bees gaan soek. Die
inwoners van Āįø·avi het sitplekke voorsien vir die Kongregasie van
monnike wat deur die Boeddha gelei is, hulle met kos bedien, en na die
ete die bakkie van die Onderwyser geneem om te spreek die woorde van
danksegging. Die leraar het gesĆŖ: ‘Hy om wie se ontwil ek gekom het, het
‘n reis van dertig ligas in die bos binnegegaan om sy verlore os te
soek. Ek sal eers die wet preek voordat hy terugkom. ā€ En hy het gerus.Terwyl
dit nog dag was, het daardie arme man sy bees gevind en dadelik die
bees na die kudde teruggejaag. Toe dink hy by homself: ‘Al kan ek niks
anders doen nie, sal ek ten minste my respek aan die onderwyser gee.’
Gevolglik, alhoewel hy onderdruk was van die honger, het hy besluit om
nie huis toe te gaan nie, maar het hy vinnig na die Onderwyser gegaan,
en nadat hy gehoorsaam was aan die Onderwyser, het hy aan die een kant
respekvol gesit. Toe die arme man kom en voor die leraar gaan staan, sĆŖ
die leraar vir die aalmakery: “Is daar nog voedsel oor vir die gemeente
van monnike?” ‘Eerwaarde heer, die kos is nie aangeraak nie.’ ‘Bedien
dan hierdie arme man met kos.’ Toe die rentmeester dus aan daardie arme
man ‘n sitplek voorsien het op ‘n plek wat deur die Onderwyser aangedui
is, bedien hy hom pligsgetrou met rys pap en ander voedsel, hard en sag.
Toe die arme man sy maaltyd geƫet het, het hy sy mond afgespoel. (Ons
word vertel dat daar met hierdie enkele uitsondering geen ander geval op
rekord is in die Drie Piį¹­akas {3.263} van die Tathāgata wat dus navraag
gedoen het oor die verskaffing van voedsel nie.) Sodra die liggaamlike
lyding van die arme man verlig was, het sy verstand rustig geword.
Daarna het die leraar die wet in ordelike volgorde gepreek en die een na
die ander die vier edele waarhede uiteengesit. Na afloop van die les is
die arme man gevestig in die vrug van die bekering.

Toe spreek
die leraar die woorde van danksegging uit; en toe hy dit gedoen het, het
hy van sy stoel af opgestaan ā€‹ā€‹en weggegaan. Die menigte het hom ‘n
entjie vergesel en dan omgedraai. Die monnike wat die leraar vergesel
het, was baie verontwaardig en het gesĆŖ: ā€œDink net aan, broeders, wat
die onderwyser gedoen het. Niks van die soort het ooit tevore gebeur
nie. Maar toe hy vandag ‘n sekere arme man gesien het, het die leraar
navraag gedoen oor die verskaffing van voedsel en opdrag gegee dat die
kos aan iemand anders gegee moes word. ‘ Die onderwyser draai om, stop
[30.76] en sĆŖ: “Monnike, wat sĆŖ jy?” Toe hy hoor wat hulle sĆŖ, sĆŖ hy vir
hulle: ‘Dit is tog so, monnike. Toe ek hierheen gekom het op ‘n reis
van dertig ligas, ‘n lang en moeilike reis, was my enigste rede om
hierheen te kom, die feit dat ek gesien het dat hierdie leek-dissipel
die fakulteite besit wat nodig was om die vrug van die bekering te
bereik. Vroeg die oggend, onderdruk met die honger, het hy na die bos
gegaan en die dag in die bos deurgebring op soek na sy bees wat verlore
gegaan het.

Daarom het ek by myself gedink: ‘As ek die wet aan
hierdie man verkondig terwyl hy honger ly, sal hy dit nie kan begryp
nie.’ Daarom het ek gedoen wat ek gedoen het. Monnike, daar is geen
ellende soos die ellende van honger nie. ‘ So gesĆŖ, het hy die volgende
Stanza, 203, uitgespreek.

Honger is die grootste beproewing; die Aggregate of Being is die belangrikste bron van lyding;

As ‘n man dit deeglik verstaan, het hy Nibbana, die Allerhoogste geluk, bereik.

vrees

Wat het Matteyya ‘n mens bewus gemaak?
aanhalings leer ons oor vrees?

Verhandel jou vrees vir vryheid.

‘Selfs die dood hoef nie gevrees te word deur iemand wat verstandig geleef het nie.’

‘Die hele geheim van bestaan ā€‹ā€‹is om nie bang te wees nie.

Moet nooit bang wees wat van u word nie, hang van niemand af nie. Slegs op die oomblik dat u alle hulp verwerp, word u bevry. ‘

‘As
‘n mens nie van kwaad hou nie, as jy rustig voel, vind jy plesier om na
goeie leringe te luister; as ‘n mens hierdie gevoelens het en dit
waardeer, is jy vry van vrees.

‘Pyn is ‘n geskenk
In plaas daarvan om dit te vermy,
Leer om dit te omhels.
Sonder pyn,
daar is geen groei nie ā€Vriende

https://tricycle.org/magazine/buddhist-food-cupcake/

Gee mense tyd.
Gee mense ruimte.
Moet niemand vra om te bly nie.
Laat hulle dwaal. Wat vir jou bedoel is, sal dit doen
wees altyd uwe.

Geluk, Sukha Vagga

Die Boeddha voed die Hongers

Honger is die grootste beproewing; die Aggregate of Being is die belangrikste bron van lyding;
As ‘n man dit deeglik verstaan, het hy Nibbana, die Allerhoogste geluk, bereik.

Die idees van Lord Buddha het oplossings vir uitdagings waarmee die wĆŖreld vandag te kampe het.

Die agtvoudige pad van Lord Buddha wys die weg na die welstand van samelewings en nasies.

Maį¹‡imēkalai, ā€œversierde gordel, gordel van juweleā€
het ‘n magiese Atchaya Pathiram ontvang
(bedelkom) wat altyd gevul word.

Akshaya pathram Manimegalai, die volgeling van Awakened One with Awareness, het gesĆŖ
‘Honger is die ergste soort siekte.’
‘Die hele geheim van bestaan ā€‹ā€‹is om nie bang te wees nie.’

Daar is geen vuur soos passie nie
Geen misdaad soos haat nie,
Geen hartseer soos skeiding nie,
Geen siekte soos honger nie,
En geen vreugde soos die vreugde van vryheid nie.
Gautama Boeddha

Zen sĆŖ beroemd: eet as jy honger het; as jy moeg is, slaap.
Maar alles in matigheid - soos die Boeddha betyds ontdek het om te verhoed dat u sterf.

Manimekalai
het die gevangenis in ‘n hospice omskep om behoeftiges te help, leer
die koning die dma van die Boeddha. In die laaste vyf kanto’s van die
epos.

Boeddhistiese onderwysers vertel vier edelwaarhede, twaalf Nidanas en ander idees aan haar.

Vrywilligers
moet voltydse lede word om die visie en strewe van sy geestelike
Manimekala Akshya Pathram te vervul. Moet toegewyd wees aan die saak
tans en betrek by strategie, groei en bestuur van Akshaya Patra.

Die
reis tot dusver en wat die toekoms inhou in die missie om honger na
kinders en volwassenes in die wĆŖreld te beĆ«indig. Tegnologie moet in
massaproduksie gebruik word vir die fantastiese resultate. Ander
inisiatiewe van die Akshaya Patra moet kinders en volwassenes met
minderbevoorregte agtergronde help om hul drome te verwesenlik.

Al
die regerings regoor die wĆŖreld gee geld vir die bestuur van Akshaya
Patra en beveel al die waens wat deur die departement, polisievoertuie
gebruik word om voorraad, groente en voedsel in eetbare kospakkies te
voorsien totdat al die pakkies verwyder is.

Die nuutste kombuise moet ‘n studieonderwerp word en nuuskierige besoekers van regoor die wĆŖreld lok.

‘N
Vennootskap met die regerings regoor die wĆŖreld, IndiĆ« en verskillende
staatsregerings, sowel as die volgehoue ā€‹ā€‹steun van maatskappye,
individuele donateurs en welwillendes, moet help
Manimekali Akshya Pathram om miljoene minderbevoorregte kinders en volwassenes te bedien.

Stel u ‘n lewe voor waarin u elke wakker oomblik spandeer om kos te soek.

Jou buik is weg en jou ledemate is soos ‘n honger
kind se. U honger is onophoudelik en pynlik, maar u keel is nee
breƫr
as die oog van ‘n naald. As u kos vind, kan u dit nie sluk nie. Nie
eers ‘n hap nie. Die honger duur voort, en u soektog duur voort.
Dit is die lot van pretas in die Boeddhistiese tradisie ā€” die honger spoke.
Hierdie
arme siele is op hierdie manier wedergebore, omdat hulle in vorige
lewens gedryf is deur begeerte, hebsug, woede en onkunde. Alhoewel u op
‘n gegewe dag ‘n paar van hierdie kassies kan nagaan, moet u in
Boeddhisme sulke onheilspellende dinge neem om uit te eindig met so ‘n
gemartelde bestaan ā€‹ā€‹- soos moord pleeg in ‘n jaloerse woede. Dus hoef u
nie paniekerig te raak nie.

In baie Asiatiese kulture is dit
tradisie om kos aan te bied vir die honger spoke. Maar dit help nie
regtig nie. Dit blyk dat hierdie spoke nie regtig na kos soek nie.

Of
dit is hulle, maar hul soeke is verkeerd gelei. Die honger na die spoke
het niks met kos te doen nie, en alles te make met wat hulle in hul
vorige tyd op aarde gedoen het. Daar is baie kos vir hulle, maar hulle
kan dit nie eet nie. Soos elke godsdienstige gelykenis, is hier ‘n
belangrike les: dit is nie kos wat hulle regtig nodig het nie.

Terug
in die menslike wĆŖreld wil ons nog steeds kos doen om meer te doen as
om ons liggame te voed en ons honger te bevredig. Ons wend ons tot kos
in tye van groot vreugde en hartseer. As iets wonderliks ā€‹ā€‹gebeur, vier
ons dit met ‘n dinee. Ons drink sjampanje, eet koek, smul aan lekker
maaltye. Kos word deel van die vreugde.

En die teenoorgestelde
is ook waar. Daar is ‘n lang tradisie om kos te voorsien aan diegene wat
treur. Ons gaan saam om maaltye te voorsien aan vriende in ‘n krisis - u
het miskien op ‘n sekere punt van u lewe op ‘n sigblad of e-posadres
aangemeld om maaltye te bring aan iemand wat treur, iemand herstel,
iemand sukkel. In tye van hartseer wil ons instinktief troos op ‘n
tasbare manier bied. En dikwels doen ons dit met kos.



Maar
baie meer toetsing sou nodig wees voordat die verbinding in mense
beproef kon word. “Wat ons nou doen, sal hopelik ‘n invloed hĆŖ op die
huidige pandemie,” sĆŖ hy. ‘Maar miskien nog belangriker, dit kan ons in
die toekoms beter laat reageer.’
doi: 10.1038 / d41586-020-01295-8
Opdaterings en regstellings
Opdatering
04 Mei 2020: Hierdie verhaal is opgedateer om daarop te let dat
Amerikaanse regulerende owerhede op 1 Mei toestemming gegee het om
‘noodtoestand’ te gebruik vir mense met ernstige COVID-19.
verwysings
1.
Wang, Y. et al. Lancet https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9 (2020).

https://www.webmd.com/lung/covid-treatment-home-hospital#1
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Behandeling
Die
mees algemene simptome van COVID-19 is probleme met koors, hoes en
asemhaling. Tensy u ernstige simptome het, kan u dit waarskynlik tuis
behandel, soos u verkou of griep. Die meeste mense herstel van COVID-19
sonder dat hulle hospitaalversorging nodig het. Bel u dokter om te vra
of u tuis moet bly of persoonlik mediese sorg moet kry.
Wetenskaplikes
probeer nuwe medisyne maak en ‘n paar bestaande medisyne toets om te
bepaal of hulle COVID-19 kan behandel. Intussen is daar ‘n aantal dinge
wat tuis sowel as in die hospitaal simptome kan verlig. ‘n aantal dinge
kan die simptome verlig, tuis sowel as in die hospitaal.
Tuis-Coronavirus-behandeling
As u simptome sag genoeg is dat u tuis kan herstel, moet u:
Res. Dit kan u beter laat voel en u herstel kan bespoedig.
Bly tuis. Moenie na werk, skool of openbare plekke gaan nie.
Drink vloeistowwe. U verloor meer water as u siek is. Dehidrasie kan simptome vererger en ander gesondheidsprobleme veroorsaak.
Monitor.
Bel u dokter dadelik as u simptome erger word. Moenie na hul kantoor
gaan sonder om eers te bel nie. Dit kan moontlik wees dat u tuis moet
bly, of hulle moet ekstra stappe doen om personeel en ander pasiƫnte te
beskerm.
Vra u dokter oor medisyne wat te koop aangebied kan word, soos asetaminofen om u koors te verlaag.
Die
belangrikste ding om te doen is om te voorkom dat ander mense besmet
word, veral diegene ouer as 65 jaar of wat ander gesondheidsprobleme
het.
Dit beteken:
Probeer om op een plek in u huis te bly. Gebruik ‘n aparte slaapkamer en badkamer as u kan.
SĆŖ vir ander dat jy siek is, sodat hulle hul afstand kan hou.
Bedek jou hoes en nies met ‘n weefsel of jou elmboog.
Dra ‘n masker oor u neus en mond as u kan.
Was gereeld, veral jou hande.
Moenie skottelgoed, koppies, eetgerei, handdoeke of beddegoed met iemand anders deel nie.
Maak gewone oppervlaktes soos deurknoppe, balie en tafelblad skoon en ontsmet dit.
Wat om te verwag
Simptome
begin 2 tot 14 dae nadat u met die virus in aanraking gekom het. Vroeƫ
studies toon dat baie mense wat ligte infeksies het binne 2 weke
herstel. Ernstiger gevalle is geneig om 3 tot 6 weke te duur.
Gesels
met u dokter oor hoe lank u uself moet isoleer as u simptome het.
Volgens CDC-riglyne kan u isolasie verlaat as dit alles waar is:
U het drie dae lank nie koors gehad nie.
U asemhalingsimptome, soos hoes of kortasem, is beter.
Dit is minstens tien dae sedert u simptome begin het, OF u het twee negatiewe COVID-19-toetse met 24 uur uitmekaar.
Hoe weet u of u simptome erger word?
Verkry dadelik mediese hulp as u begin met die volgende:
Probleme met asemhaling
Pyn of druk in u bors
Verwarring of erge slaperigheid
‘N Blou kleur aan u lippe of gesig
Coronavirus-behandeling in ‘n hospitaal
U
hoef nie na die hospitaal of ER te gaan as u basiese simptome van
COVID-19 het nie, soos ligte koors of hoes. As u dit doen, sal baie
hospitale u huis toe stuur.
As u saak ernstig is, sal lede van die
mediese personeel kyk of daar tekens is dat die siekte ernstige probleme
veroorsaak. Hulle mag:
Kontroleer die suurstofvlakke in u bloed met ‘n vingermonitor
Luister na jou longe
Gee u ‘n COVID-19-toets. Dit behels dat u vir ongeveer 15 sekondes ‘n 6-duim katoen depper aan albei kante van u neus opsteek.
Gee u ‘n rƶntgen- of CT-skandering op die bors
U
kry moontlik ekstra suurstof deur twee klein buisies wat net binne u
neusgate gaan. In baie ernstige gevalle sal dokters u verbind met ‘n
masjien wat u asem kan haal, ‘n ventilator genoem.
U kan ook
vloeistowwe deur ‘n buis of IV in u arm kry om u nie te ontwater nie.
Dokters sal ook u asemhaling fyn monitor. Die doel is dat u infeksie
verloop en dat u longe genoeg genees sodat hulle weer asem kan haal.
U dokter kan u medikasie gee om u bloed te verdun en om bloedklonte te voorkom.
As
u medisyne neem soos angiotensien-omskakelende ensiem (ACE) remmers,
angiotensien reseptorblokkeerders (ARB’s) of statiene vir ander
gesondheidsprobleme, sal u dokter u aanbeveel om dit soos gewoonlik
voort te sit.
Baie kliniese toetse word onderneem om behandelings te
gebruik wat gebruik word vir ander toestande wat COVID-19 kan bestry en
om nuwe te ontwikkel.
Mense wat in die hospitaal is met ernstige COVID-19, kan ‘n antivirale medisyne kry, genaamd remdesivir.Navorsing
toon dat sommige pasiƫnte vinniger herstel nadat hulle dit geneem het.
Remdesivir is geskep om Ebola te beveg, maar die FDA het ‘n beslissing
oor noodgebruik uitgereik sodat dokters dit teen COVID-19 kan gebruik.
Die
FDA laat ook kliniese toetse en hospitaalgebruik van bloedplasma toe
van mense wat herstel het van COVID-19 om pasiƫnte met ernstige of
lewensgevaarlike gevalle te help. U sal hierdie sogenaamde herstellende
plasma hoor.

Kliniese toetse word onderneem vir ander medisyne,
insluitend tocilizumab, wat gebruik is om outo-immuun toestande en ‘n
inflammatoriese toestand genaamd sitokienvrystellingsindroom te
behandel.
Die FDA het ‘n noodbeslissing uitgereik sodat dokters
hydroxychloroquine en chloroquine kon gebruik om mense wat met COVID-19
opgeneem is, te behandel. Maar die agentskap het die beslissing herroep
te midde van ernstige kommer oor hul veiligheid. Die
WĆŖreldgesondheidsorganisasie het verhoudings met hydroxychloroquine
gestop, en Frankryk het die gebruik daarvan teen COVID-19 verbied. Die
medikasie word goedgekeur om malaria en outo-immuun toestande soos
rumatoĆÆede artritis en lupus te behandel.

Een studie het bevind
dat dexamethason, ‘n algemene steroĆÆedmedikasie, mense wat in die
hospitaal opgeneem is, kan help met ernstige COVID-19 komplikasies. Maar
die bevindings is voorlopig, en die navorsers het nie die volledige
studie bekend gemaak nie.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Behandeling






May
all be Happy, Well and Secure!    May all live Long!    May all have
calm, quiet, alert, attentive and equanimity Mind with a clear
understanding that Everything is Changing!romanalipyAH devanAgarIlipyAm
parivartanam

Words of the Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness        
from
Free Online step by step creation of Virtual tour in 3D Circle-Vision 360Ā° for Kushinara Nibbana Bhumi Pagoda

This
outline displays the publication of books in the DevanĀ±gari-script
edition of the ChaĪ¼Ī¼ha SaagĀ±yana (Sixth Council) TipiĪ¼aka. The names of
the volumes are displayed in italics with the suffix ā€œ-pĀ±1ā„4iā€
indicating the volume is part of the root TipiĪ¼aka, rather than
commentarial literature. This outline lists the root volumes only.Please
note: These books are in PĀ±li only, in DevanĀ±gari script, and are not
for sale.

    No set of English translations is available. For further information please see: www.tipitaka.org

(Three divisions, printed in 5 books)

Sutta Vibhaaga [two books containing rules for the bhikkhus and bhikkhunis, outlining eight classes of offences]

TipiĪ¼aka (three ā€œbasketsā€)

Sutta PiĪ¼aka
    (Five nikĀ±yas, or collections)
  
 The Sutta Piį¹­aka contains the essence of the Buddhaā€™s teaching
regarding the Dhamma. It contains more than ten thousand suttas. It is
divided in five collections called Nikāyas (A multitude, assemblage; a
collection; a class, order, group; an association, fraternity,
congregation; a house, dwelling).

Dīgha Nikāya[dīgha: long] The
Dīgha Nikāya gathers 34 of the longest discourses given by the Buddha.
There are various hints that many of them are late additions to the
original corpus and of questionable authenticity.

Majjhima Nikāya
[majjhima:
medium] The Majjhima Nikāya gathers 152 discourses of the Buddha of
intermediate length, dealing with diverse matters.

Saį¹ƒyutta Nikāya
[samyutta:
group] The Saį¹ƒyutta Nikāya gathers the suttas according to their
subject in 56 sub-groups called saį¹ƒyuttas. It contains more than three
thousand discourses of variable length, but generally relatively short.

Aį¹…guttara Nikāya
[aį¹…g:
factor | uttara: additionnal] The Aį¹…guttara Nikāya is subdivized in
eleven sub-groups called nipātas, each of them gathering discourses
consisting of enumerations of one additional factor versus those of the
precedent nipāta. It contains thousands of suttas which are generally short.

Khuddaka Nikāya
[khuddha:
short, small] The Khuddhaka Nikāya short texts and is considered as
been composed of two stratas: Dhammapada, Udāna, Itivuttaka, Sutta
Nipāta, Theragāthā-Therīgāthā and Jātaka form the ancient strata, while
other books are late additions and their authenticity is more
questionable.

Sutta PiĪ¼aka
    (Five nikĀ±yas, or collections)
    1. D2gha-nikĀ±ya [34 suttas; 3 vaggas, or chapters (each a book)]
(1) S2lakkhandavagga-pĀ±1ā„4i (13 suttas)
(2) MahĀ±vagga-pĀ±1ā„4i (10 suttas)
(3) PĀ±Ī¼ikavagga-pĀ±1ā„4i (11 suttas)
    2. Majjhima-nikĀ±ya [152 suttas;15 vaggas; divided in 3 books,
5 vaggas each, known as paooĀ±sa (ā€˜fiftyā€™)]
    (1) M3lapaooĀ±ssa-pĀ±1ā„4i (the ā€˜rootā€™ fifty)
1. M3lapariyĀ±yavagga (10 suttas)
2. S2hanĀ±davagga (10 suttas)
3. Tatiyavagga (10 suttas)
    4. MahĀ±yamakavagga (10 suttas)
    5. C31ā„4ayamakavagga (10 suttas)
(2) MajjhimapaooĀ±sa-pĀ±1ā„4i (the ā€˜middleā€™ fifty)
    6. Gahapati-vagga (10 suttas)
7. Bhikkhu-vagga (10 suttas)
8. ParibbĀ±jaka-vagga (10 suttas)
9. RĀ±ja-vagga (10 suttas)
    10. BrĀ±hmana-vagga (10 suttas)
(3) UparipaooĀ±sa-pĀ±1ā„4i (means ā€˜more than fiftyā€™)
    11. Devadaha-vagga (10 suttas)
12. Anupada-vagga (10 suttas)
13. SunĢƒnĢƒata-vagga (10 suttas)
14. Vibhaaga-vagga (12 suttas)
15. Sa1ā„4Ā±yatana-vagga (10 suttas)
    3. Sa1ā„2yutta-nikĀ±ya [2,904 (7,762) suttas; 56 sa1ā„2yuttas; 5 vaggas; divided
into 6 books]
    (1) SagĀ±thavagga-sa1ā„2yutta-pĀ±1ā„4i (11 sa1ā„2yuttas)
(2) NidĀ±navagga-sa1ā„2yutta-pĀ±1ā„4i (10 sa1ā„2yuttas)
(3) Khandavagga-sa1ā„2yutta-pĀ±1ā„4i (13 sa1ā„2yuttas)
(4) Sa1ā„4Ā±yatanavagga-sa1ā„2yutta-pĀ±1ā„4i (10 sa1ā„2yuttas)
(5) MahĀ±vagga-sa1ā„2yutta-pĀ±1ā„4i Vol I ( 6 sa1ā„2yuttas)
(6) MahĀ±vagga-sa1ā„2yutta-pĀ±1ā„4i Vol II ( 6 sa1ā„2yuttas)
    4. Aaguttara-nikĀ±ya [9,557 suttas; in11 nipĀ±tas, or groups, arranged purely
numerically; each nipĀ±ta has several vaggas; 10 or more suttas in
each vagga; 6 books]
    (1) Eka-Duka-Tika-nipata-pĀ±1ā„4i (ones, twos, threes)
(2) Catukka-nipata-pĀ±1ā„4i (fours)
(3) PanĢƒcaka-nipata-pĀ±1ā„4i (fives)
(4) Chakka-Sattaka-nipata-pĀ±1ā„4i (sixes, sevens)
    (5) AĪ¼Ī¼haka-Navaka-nipata-pĀ±1ā„4i (eights, nines)
(6) Dasaka-Ekadasaka-nipata-pĀ±1ā„4i (tens, elevens)
    5. Khuddaka-nikĀ±ya [the collection of small books, a miscellaneous gather-
ing of works in 18 main sections; it includes suttas, compilations of
doctrinal notes, histories, verses, and commentarial literature that has
been incorporated into the TipiĪ¼aka itself.; 12 books]
    (1) KuddhakapĀ±tha,Dhammapada & UdĀ±na-pĀ±1ā„4i
    1. KuddhakapĀ±tha (nine short formulae and suttas, used as a training manual for
novice bhikkhus)
2. Dhammapada (most famous of all the books of the TipiĪ¼aka; a collection of 423
verses in 26 vaggas)
    3. UdĀ±na (in 8 vaggas, 80 joyful utterances of the Buddha, mostly in verses, with
    some prose accounts of the circumstances that elicited the utterance)
    (2) Itivuttaka, SuttanipĀ±ta-pĀ±1ā„4i
4. Itivuttaka (4 nipĀ±tas, 112 suttas, each beginning, ā€œiti vutta1ā„2 bhagavataā€ [thus was
said by the Buddha])
5. SuttanipĀ±ta (5 vaggas; 71 suttas, mostly in verse; contains many of the best
known, most popular suttas of the Buddha
    (3) VimĀ±navatthu, Petavatthu, TheragĀ±thĀ± & TherigĀ±thĀ±-pĀ±1ā„4i
6. VimĀ±navatthu (VimĀ±na means mansion; 85 poems in 7 vaggas about acts of
merit and rebirth in heavenly realms)
7. Petavatthu (4 vaggas, 51 poems describing the miserable beings [petas] born in
unhappy states due to their demeritorious acts)
8. TheragĀ±thĀ± (verses of joy and delight after the attainment of arahatship from 264
elder bhikkhus; 107 poems, 1,279 gĀ±thas)
9. TherigĀ±thĀ± (same as above, from 73 elder nuns; 73 poems, 522 gĀ±thas)
    (4) JĀ±taka-pĀ±1ā„4i, Vol. I
(5) JĀ±taka-pĀ±1ā„4i, Vol II
    10. JĀ±taka (birth stories of the Bodisatta prior to his birth as Gotama Buddha; 547
stories in verses, divided into nipĀ±ta according to the number of verses required to
tell the story. The full JĀ±taka stories are actually in the JĀ±taka commentaries that
explain the story behind the verses.
    (6) MahĀ±nidessa-pĀ±1ā„4i
(7) C31ā„4anidessa-pĀ±1ā„4i
    11. Nidessa (commentary on two sections of SuttanipĀ±ta)
MahĀ±nidessa: commentary on the 4th vagga
C31ā„4anidessa: commentary on the 5th vagga and
    the KhaggavisĀ±oa sutta of the 1st vagga
(8) PaĪ¼isambhidĀ±magga-pĀ±1ā„4i
    12. PaĪ¼isambhidĀ±magga (an abhidhamma-style detailed analysis of the Buddhaā€™s
teaching, drawn from all portions of the VinĀ±ya and Sutta PiĪ¼akas; three vaggas,
each containing ten topics [kathĀ±])
    (9) ApadĀ±na-pĀ±1ā„4i, Vol. I
13. ApadĀ±na (tales in verses of the former lives of 550 bhikkhus and 40 bhikkhunis)
    (10) ApadĀ±na, Buddhava1ā„2sa & CariyĀ±piĪ¼aka-pĀ±1ā„4i
    14. Buddhava1ā„2sa (the history of the Buddhas in which the Buddha, in answer to a
question from Ven. Sariputta, tells the story of the ascetic Sumedha and D2paakara
Buddha and the succeeding 24 Buddhas, including Gotama Buddha.)
15. CariyĀ±piĪ¼aka (35 stories from the JĀ±taka arranged to illustrate the ten pĀ±ram2)
    (11) Nettippakarana, PeĪ¼akopadesa-pĀ±1ā„4i
    16. Nettippakarana (small treatise setting out methods for interpreting and explain-
ing canonical texts)
17. PeĪ¼akopadesa (treatise setting out methods for explaining and expanding the
teaching of the Buddha)
    (12) MilindapanĢƒha-pĀ±1ā„4i
    18. Milinda-panĢƒha (a record of the questions posed by King Milinda and the
answers by Ven. Nagasena; this debate took place ca. 500 years after the
mahĀ±parinibbĀ±na of the Buddha)
            Abhidhamma PiĪ¼aka
    [Seven sections of systematic, abstract exposition of all dhammas; printed in
12 books]
    1. Dhammasaagao2
(enumeration of the dhammas)
    (1) Dhammasaagao2-pĀ±1ā„4i
    2. Vibhaaga-pĀ±1ā„42
(distinction or analysis of dhammas)
    (2) Vibhaaga-pĀ±1ā„42
    3. DhĀ±tukathĀ±
(discussion of elements; these 1st three sections form a trilogy that
must be digested as a basis for understanding Abhidhamma)
    4. PuggalapanĢƒnĢƒatti
(designation of individuals; ten chapters: the 1st dealing with single
individuals, the 2nd with pairs, the 3rd with groups of three, etc.
    (3) DhĀ±tukathĀ±-PuggalapanĢƒnĢƒatti-pĀ±1ā„42
    5. KathĀ±vatthu-pĀ±1ā„42
(points of controversy or wrong view; discusses the points raised and
settled at the 3rd council, held at the time of Aœokaā€™s reign, at Patna)
    (4) KathĀ±vatthu-pĀ±1ā„42
    6. Yamaka-pĀ±1ā„42
(book of pairs; a use of paired, opposing questions to resolve ambi-
guities and define precise usage of technical terms)
    (5) Yamaka-pĀ±1ā„42, Vol I
(6) Yamaka-pĀ±1ā„42, Vol II
(7) Yamaka-pĀ±1ā„42, Vol III
    7. PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na
(book of relations; the elaboration of a scheme of 24 conditional
relations [paccaya] that forms a complete system for understanding
the mechanics of the entire universe of Dhamma)
    (8) PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na-pĀ±1ā„4i, Vol I
(9) PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na-pĀ±1ā„4i, Vol II
(10) PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na-pĀ±1ā„4i, Vol III
(11) PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na-pĀ±1ā„4i, Vol IV
(12) PaĪ¼Ī¼hĀ±na-pĀ±1ā„4i, Vol V
                                                                                    (1) PĀ±rĀ±jika-pĀ±1ā„4i Bhikku
pĀ±rĀ±jikĀ± (expulsion) 4
saaghadisesĀ± (meetings of the Sangha) 13
aniyatĀ± (indeterminate) 2
nissagiyĀ± pĀ±cittiyĀ± (expiation with forfeiture) 30
    (2) PĀ±cittiya-pĀ±1ā„4i
suddha pĀ±cittiyĀ± (ordinary expiation) 92
pĀ±tidesaniyĀ± (confession re: alms food) 4
sekhiya (concerning etiquette & decorum) 75
adhikaraoasamathĀ± (legal process) 7
    (concludes with bhikkuni vinaya rules) ______Bhikkhuni
2. Khandaka [two books of rules and procedures]
(3) MahĀ±vagga-pĀ±1ā„4i (10 sections [khandhakas]; begins with historical accounts of the
    Buddhaā€™s enlightenment, the first discourses and the early growth of the Sangha;
outlines the following rules governing the actions of the Sangha:
1. rules for admission to the order (upasampadĀ±)
2. the uposatha meeting and recital of the pĀ±timokkha
    3. residence during the rainy season (vassa)
4. ceremony concluding the vassa, called pavĀ±raoĀ±
5. rules for articles of dress and furniture
6. medicine and food
7. annual distribution of robes (kaĪ¼hina)
8. rules for sick bhikkhus, sleeping and robe material
9. mode of executing proceedings of the Sangha
10. proceedings in cases of schism
    (4) C31ā„4avagga-pĀ±1ā„4i (or Cullavagga) (12 khandakas dealing with further rules and proce-
dures for institutional acts or functions, known as saaghakamma:
1. rules for dealing with offences that come before the Sangha
(saaghĀ±disesa)
    2. procedures for putting a bhikkhu on probation
3. procedures for dealing with accumulation of offences by a bhikkhu
4. rules for settling legal procedures in the Sangha
5. misc. rules for bathing, dress, etc.
6. dwellings, furniture, lodging, etc.
7. schisms
8. classes of bhikkhus and duties of teachers & novices
9. exclusion from the pĀ±timokkha
10. the ordination and instruction of bhikkhunis
11. account of the 1st council at RĀ±jagaha
12. account of the 2nd council at VesĀ±li
    3. ParivĀ±ra-pĀ±1ā„4i [a summary of the vinaya, arranged as a
catechism for instruction and examination]
    (5) ParivĀ±ra-pĀ±1ā„4i The fifth book of vinaya serves as a kind of manual enabling the reader
to make an analytical survey of the whole of Vinaya PiĪ¼aka.
    
Sutta Piį¹­aka -Digha Nikāya    DN 9 -
Poį¹­į¹­hapāda Sutta
{excerpt}
ā€” The questions of Poį¹­į¹­hapāda ā€”    Poį¹­į¹­hapāda asks various questions reagrding the nature of SaƱƱā.    Note: plain texts

Now,
lord, does perception arise first, and knowledge after; or does
knowledge arise first, and perception after; or do perception &
knowledge arise simultaneously?

Potthapada, perception arises
first, and knowledge after. And the arising of knowledge comes from the
arising of perception. One discerns, ā€˜Itā€™s in dependence on this that my
knowledgehas arisen.ā€™ Through this line of reasoning one can realize
how perception arises first, and knowledge after, and how the arising of
knowledge comes from the arising of perception.DN 22 - (D ii 290)
Mahāsatipaį¹­į¹­hāna Sutta
ā€” Attendance on awareness ā€”
[
mahā+satipaį¹­į¹­hāna ]    This sutta is widely considered as a the main
reference for meditation practice.    Note: infobubbles on all Pali
words

English    Introduction    I. Observation of Kāya
   A. Section on ānāpāna
   B. Section on postures
   C. Section on sampajaƱƱa
   D. Section on repulsiveness
   E. Section on the Elements
   F. Section on the nine charnel grounds    

II. Observation of Vedanā

Introduction    

Thus have I heard: ā€Ø

On
one occasion, the Bhagavā was staying among the Kurus at
Kammāsadhamma,a market town of the Kurus. There, he addressed the
bhikkhus:

ā€“ Bhikkhus.
ā€“ Bhaddante answered the bhikkhus. The Bhagavā said: ā€Ø
ā€“
This, bhikkhus, is the path that leads to nothing but the purification
of beings, the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, the disappearance
of dukkha-domanassa, the attainment of the right way, the realization of
Nibbāna, that is to say the four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas.

Which four?
Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya, ātāpī
sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world
He dwells observing vedanā in vedanā, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having
given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing citta
in citta, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa
towards the world. He dwells observing dhammaĀ·s in dhammaĀ·s, ātāpÄ«
sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world.

I. Kāyānupassanā     
A. Section on ānāpāna    
And
how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell observing kāya in kāya? Here,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, having gone to the forest or having gone at the
root of a tree or having gone to an empty room, sits down folding the
legs crosswise, setting kāya upright, and setting sati parimukhaį¹ƒ. Being
thus sato he breathes in, being thus sato he breathes out. Breathing in
long he understands: ā€˜I am breathing in longā€™; breathing out long he
understands: ā€˜I am breathing out longā€™; breathing in short he
understands: ā€˜I am breathing in shortā€™; breathing out short he
understands: ā€˜I am breathing out shortā€™; he trains himself: ā€˜feeling the
whole kāya, I will breathe inā€™; he trains himself: ā€˜feeling the whole
kāya, I will breathe outā€™; he trains himself: ā€˜calming down the
kāya-saį¹…khāras, I will breathe inā€™; he trains himself: ā€˜calming down the
kāya-saį¹…khāras, I will breathe outā€™.

Just as, bhikkhus, a
skillful turner or a turnerā€™s apprentice, making a long turn,
understands: ā€˜I am making a long turnā€™; making a short turn, he
understands: ā€˜I am making a short turnā€™; in the same way, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, breathing in long, understands: ā€˜I am breathing in longā€™;
breathing out long he understands: ā€˜I am breathing out longā€™; breathing
in short he understands: ā€˜I am breathing in shortā€™; breathing out short
he understands: ā€˜I am breathing out shortā€™; he trains himself: ā€˜feeling
the whole kāya, I will breathe inā€™; he trains himself: ā€˜feeling the
whole kāya, I will breathe outā€™; he trains himself: ā€˜calming down the
kāya-saį¹…khāras, I will breathe inā€™; he trains himself: ā€˜calming down the
kāya-saį¹…khāras, I will breathe outā€™.

Thus he dwells observing
kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally,
or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he
dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells
observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing
the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else,
[realizing:] ā€œthis is kāya!ā€ sati is present in him, just to the extent
of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling
to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
kāya in kāya. ā€Ø

B. Section on postures    

Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, while walking, understands: ā€˜I am walkingā€™, or
while standing he understands: ā€˜I am standingā€™, or while sitting he
understands: ā€˜I am sittingā€™, or while lying down he understands: ā€˜I am
lying downā€™. Or else, in whichever position his kāya is disposed, he
understands it accordingly. ā€Ø

Thus he dwells observing kāya in
kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he
dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells
observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the
passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya
and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] ā€œthis is
kāya!ā€ sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere
paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya. ā€ØThus he
dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya
in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and
externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he
dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells
observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else,
[realizing:] ā€œthis is kāya!ā€ sati is present in him, just to the extent
of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling
to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
kāya in kāya. ā€Ø
ā€Ø    

C. Section on sampajaƱƱa    

Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, while approaching and while departing, acts with
sampajaƱƱa, while looking ahead and while looking around, he acts with
sampajaƱƱa, while bending and while stretching, he acts with sampajaƱƱa,
while wearing the robes and the upper robe and while carrying the bowl,
he acts with sampajaƱƱa, while eating, while drinking, while chewing,
while tasting, he acts with sampajaƱƱa, while attending to the business
of defecating and urinating, he acts with sampajaƱƱa, while walking,
while standing, while sitting, while sleeping, while being awake, while
talking and while being silent, he acts with sampajaƱƱa. ā€Ø

Thus
he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing
kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally
and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya o phenomena in kāya, or
he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena\ in kāya, or he
dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or
else, [realizing:] ā€œthis is kāya!ā€ sati is present in him, just to the
extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not
cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells
observing kāya in kāya. ā€Ø

D. Section on Repulsiveness    

Furthermore,bhikkhus,
a bhikkhu considers this very body, from the soles of the feet up and
from the hair on the head down, which is delimited by its skin and full
of various kinds of impurities: ā€œIn this kāya, there are the hairs of
the head, hairs of the body, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, tendons, bones,
bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura, spleen, lungs, intestines,
mesentery, stomach with its contents, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood,
sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, nasal mucus, synovial fluid and
urine.ā€ ā€Ø

Just as if, bhikkhus, there was a bag having two
openings and filled with various kinds of grain, such as hill-paddy,
paddy, mung beans, cow-peas, sesame seeds and husked rice. A man with
good eyesight, having unfastened it, would consider [its contents]:
ā€œThis is hill-paddy, this is paddy, those are mung beans, those are
cow-peas, those are sesame seeds and this is husked rice;ā€ in the same
way, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu considers this very body, from the soles of the
feet up and from the hair on the head down, which is delimited by its
skin and full of various kinds of impurities: ā€œIn this kāya, there are
the hairs of the head, hairs of the body, nails, teeth, skin, flesh,
tendons, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura, spleen,
lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach with its contents, feces, bile,
phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease,
saliva, nasal mucus, synovial fluid and urine.ā€

Thus
he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing
kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally
and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya,
or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he
dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or
else, [realizing:] ā€œthis is kāya!ā€ sati is present in him, just to the
extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not
cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells
observing kāya in kāya. ā€Ø

E. Section on the Elements    

Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reflects on this very kāya, however it is placed,
however it is disposed: ā€œIn this kāya, there is the earth element, the
water element, the fire element and the air element.ā€ ā€Ø

Just as,
bhikkhus, a skillful butcher or a butcherā€™s apprentice, having killed a
cow, would sit at a crossroads cutting it into pieces; in the same way,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reflects on this very kāya, however it is placed,
however it is disposed: ā€œIn this kāya, there is the earth element, the
water element, the fire element and the air element.ā€

Thus he
dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in
kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and
externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he
dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells
observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else,
[realizing:] ā€œthis is kāya!ā€ sati is present in him, just to the extent
of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling
to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
kāya in kāya.

        F. Section on the nine charnel grounds    
(1)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, one day dead, or two days dead or three days dead,
swollen, bluish and festering, he considers this very kāya: ā€œThis kāya
also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not
free from such a condition.ā€ ā€Ø

Thus he dwells observing kāya in
kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he
dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells
observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the
passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya
and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] ā€œthis is
kāya!ā€\ sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere
paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(2)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, being eaten by crows, being eaten by hawks, being
eaten by vultures, being eaten by herons, being eaten by dogs, being
eaten by tigers, being eaten by panthers, being eaten by various kinds
of beings, he considers this very kāya: ā€œThis kāya also is of such a
nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a
condition.

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or
he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya
in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of
phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena
in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of
phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] ā€œthis is kāya!ā€ sati is present
in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he dwells
detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(3)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a
charnel ground, a squeleton with flesh and blood, held together by
tendons, he considers this very kāya: ā€œThis kāya also is of such a
nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a
condition.ā€

ā€ØThus he dwells observing kāya in kāya
internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells
observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing
the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing
away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and
passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] ā€œthis is kāya!ā€
sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere
paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(4)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
acharnel ground, a squeleton without flesh and smeared with blood,
heldtogether by tendons, he considers this very kāya: ā€œThis kāya also is
of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from
such a condition.ā€ ā€Ø

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya
internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells
observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing
the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing
away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and
passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] ā€œthis is kāya!ā€
sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere
paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(5)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, a squeleton without flesh nor blood, held together by
tendons, he considers this very kāya: ā€œThis kāya also is of such a
nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a
condition.ā€ ā€Ø

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally,
or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing
kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya
of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of
phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away
of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] ā€œthis is kāya!ā€ sati is
present in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he
dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya. ā€Ø

(6)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, disconnected bones scattered here and there, here a
hand bone, there a foot bone, here an ankle bone, there a shin bone,
here a thigh bone, there a hip bone, here a rib, there a back bone, here
a spine bone, there a neck bone, here a jaw bone, there a tooth bone,
or there the skull, he considers this very kāya: ā€œThis kāya also is of
such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from
such a condition.ā€ ā€Ø

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya
internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells
observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing
the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing
away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and
passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] ā€œthis is kāya!ā€
sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere
paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(7)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, the bones whitened like a seashell, he considers this
very kāya: ā€œThis kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become
like this, and is not free from such a condition.ā€ ā€Ø

(8)
Furthermore,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body, cast away in
a charnel ground, heaped up bones over a year old, he considers this
very kāya: ā€œThis kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become
like this, and is not free from such a condition.ā€ ā€Ø

Thus he
dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in
kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and
externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he
dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells
observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else,
[realizing:] ā€œthis is kāya!ā€ sati is present in him, just to the extent
of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling
to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
kāya in kāya.

(9)
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if
he was seeing a dead body, cast away in a charnel ground, rotten bones
reduced to powder, he considers this very kāya: ā€œThis kāya also is of
such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from
such a condition.ā€ ā€Ø

Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya
internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells
observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing
the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the
passingaway of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya
andpassing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] ā€œthis is
kāya!ā€ sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere
paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

II. Observation of Vedanā

Introduction

Which
four? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya, ātāpī
sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world.
He dwells observing vedanā in vedanā, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having
given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing citta
in citta, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa
towards the world. He dwells observing dhammaĀ·s in dhammaĀ·s, ātāpÄ«
sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world.

Thus
he dwells observing vedanā in vedanā internally, or he dwells observing
vedanā in vedanā externally, or he dwells observing vedanā in vedanā
internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena
in vedanā, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in
vedanā, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of
phenomena in vedanā; or else, [realizing:] ā€œthis is vedanā!ā€ sati is
present in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he
dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing vedanā in vedanā.

(The Mirror of the Dhamma)    

I
will expound the discourse on the Dhamma which is called Dhammādāsa,
possessed of which the ariyasāvaka, if he so desires, can declare of
himself: ā€˜For me, there is no more niraya, no more tiracchāna-yoni, no
more pettivisaya, no more state of unhappiness, of misfortune, of
misery, I am a sotāpanna, by nature free from states of misery, certain
of being destined to sambodhi.

And what, Ānanda, is that
discourse on the Dhamma which is called Dhammādāsa, possessed of which
the ariyasāvaka, if he so desires, can declare of himself: ā€˜For me,
there is no more niraya, no more tiracchāna-yoni, no more pettivisaya,
no more state of unhappiness, of misfortune, of misery, I am a
sotāpanna, by nature free from states of misery, certain of being
destined to sambodhi?

Here, Ānanda, an ariyasāvaka is endowed with Buddhe aveccappasāda:
IV. Observation of Dhammas

A. Section on the NÄ«varaį¹‡as

And
furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in
dhammas? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
with reference to the five nÄ«varaį¹‡as. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how
does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the
five nÄ«varaį¹‡as?

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being
kāmacchanda present within, understands: “there is kāmacchanda within
me”; there not being kāmacchanda present within, he understands: “there
is no kāmacchanda within me”; he understands how the unarisen
kāmacchanda comes to arise; he understands how the arisen kāmacchanda is
abandoned; and he understands how the abandoned kāmacchanda does not
come to arise in the future.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there
being byāpāda present within, understands: “there is byāpāda within me”;
there not being byāpāda present within, he understands: “there is no
byāpāda within me”; he understands how the unarisen byāpāda comes to
arise; he understands how the arisen byāpāda is abandoned; and he
understands how the abandoned byāpāda does not come to arise in the
future.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being thīnamiddhā
present within, understands: “there is thÄ«namiddhā within me”; there not
being thÄ«namiddhā present within, he understands: “there is no
thÄ«namiddhā within me”; he understands how the unarisen thÄ«namiddhā
comes to arise; he understands how the arisen thīnamiddhā is abandoned;
and he understands how the abandoned thīnamiddhā does not come to arise
in the future.

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being
uddhacca-kukkucca present within, understands: “there is
uddhacca-kukkucca within me”; there not being uddhacca-kukkucca present
within, he understands: “there is no uddhacca-kukkucca within me”; he
understands how the unarisen uddhacca-kukkucca comes to arise; he
understands how the arisen uddhacca-kukkucca is abandoned; and he
understands how the abandoned uddhacca-kukkucca does not come to arise
in the future

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being vicikicchā
present within, understands: “there is vicikicchā within me”; there not
being vicikicchā present within, he understands: “there is no vicikicchā
within me”; he understands how the unarisen vicikicchā comes to arise;
he understands how the arisen vicikicchā is abandoned; and he
understands how the abandoned vicikicchā does not come to arise in the
future.

Thus he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally,
or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas externally, or he dwells
observing dhammas in dhammas internally and externally; he dwells
observing the samudaya of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing
the passing away of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the
samudaya and passing away of phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:]
“these are dhammas!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere
Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to
anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing
dhammas in dhammas, with reference to the five nÄ«varaį¹‡as.

B. Section on the Khandhas

And
furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
with reference to the five khandhas. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how does
a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the five
khandhas?

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu [discerns]: “such is rÅ«pa,
such is the samudaya of rūpa, such is the passing away of rūpa; such is
vedanā, such is the samudaya of vedanā, such is the passing away of
vedanā; such is saƱƱā, such is the samudaya of saƱƱā, such is the
passing away of saƱƱā; such is saį¹…khāra, such is the samudaya of
saį¹…khāra, such is the passing away of saį¹…khāra; such is viƱƱāį¹‡a, such is
the samudaya of viƱƱāį¹‡a, such is the passing away of viƱƱāį¹‡a”.

Thus
he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally, or he dwells
observing dhammas in dhammas externally, or he dwells observing dhammas
in dhammas internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya
of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the passing away of
phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing
away of phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:] “these are dhammas!”
sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere
paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas,
with reference to the five khandhas.

C. Section on the Sense Spheres

And
furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
with reference to the six internal and external āyatanas. And
furthermore, bhikkhus, how does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in
dhammas with reference to the six internal and external āyatanas?

Here,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu understands cakkhu, he understands rūpa, he
understands the saį¹ƒyojana which arises owing to these two, he
understands how the unarisen saį¹ƒyojana comes to arise, he understands
how the arisen saį¹ƒyojana is abandoned, and he understands how the
abandoned saį¹ƒyojana does not come to arise in the future.

He
understands sota, he understands sadda, he understands the saį¹ƒyojana
which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen
saį¹ƒyojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saį¹ƒyojana is
abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saį¹ƒyojana does not come
to arise in the future.

He understands ghāna, he understands
gandha, he understands the saį¹ƒyojana which arises owing to these two, he
understands how the unarisen saį¹ƒyojana comes to arise, he understands
how the arisen saį¹ƒyojana is abandoned, and he understands how the
abandoned saį¹ƒyojana does not come to arise in the future.

He
understands jivha, he understands rasa, he understands the saį¹ƒyojana
which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen
saį¹ƒyojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saį¹ƒyojana is
abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saį¹ƒyojana does not come
to arise in the future.

He understands kāya, he understands
phoį¹­į¹­habba, he understands the saį¹ƒyojana which arises owing to these
two, he understands how the unarisen saį¹ƒyojana comes to arise, he
understands how the arisen saį¹ƒyojana is abandoned, and he understands
how the abandoned saį¹ƒyojana does not come to arise in the future.

He
understands mana, he understands dhammas, he understands the saį¹ƒyojana
which arises owing to these two, he understands how the unarisen
saį¹ƒyojana comes to arise, he understands how the arisen saį¹ƒyojana is
abandoned, and he understands how the abandoned saį¹ƒyojana does not come
to arise in the future.

Thus he dwells observing dhammas in
dhammas internally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
externally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally and
externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in dhammas, or
he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in dhammas, or he
dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in dhammas;
or else, [realizing:] “these are dhammas!” sati is present in him, just
to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and
does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu
dwells observing dhammas in dhammas, with reference to the six internal
and external āyatanas.

D. Section on the Bojjhaį¹…gas

And
furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
with reference to the seven bojjhaį¹…gas. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how
does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the
seven bojjhaį¹…gas?

Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, there being the sati
sambojjhaį¹…ga present within, understands: “there is the sati
sambojjhaį¹…ga within me”; there not being the sati sambojjhaį¹…ga present
within, he understands: “there is no sati sambojjhaį¹…ga within me”; he
understands how the unarisen sati sambojjhaį¹…ga comes to arise; he
understands how the arisen sati sambojjhaį¹…ga is developed to perfection.

There
being the dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹…ga present within, he understands:
“there is the dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹…ga within me”; there not being the
dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹…ga present within, he understands: “there is no
dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹…ga within me”; he understands how the unarisen
dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹…ga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen
dhammavicaya sambojjhaį¹…ga is developed to perfection.

There being
the vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹…ga present within, he understands: “there is the
vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹…ga within me”; there not being the vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹…ga
present within, he understands: “there is no vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹…ga within
me”; he understands how the unarisen vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹…ga comes to arise;
he understands how the arisen vÄ«riya sambojjhaį¹…ga is developed to
perfection.

There being the pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹…ga present within, he
understands: “there is the pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹…ga within me”; there not being
the pÄ«ti sambojjhaį¹…ga present within, he understands: “there is no pÄ«ti
sambojjhaį¹…ga within me”; he understands how the unarisen pÄ«ti
sambojjhaį¹…ga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen pÄ«ti
sambojjhaį¹…ga is developed to perfection. There being the passaddhi
sambojjhaį¹…ga present within, he understands: “there is the passaddhi
sambojjhaį¹…ga within me”; there not being the passaddhi sambojjhaį¹…ga
present within, he understands: “there is no passaddhi sambojjhaį¹…ga
within me”; he understands how the unarisen passaddhi sambojjhaį¹…ga comes
to arise; he understands how the arisen passaddhi sambojjhaį¹…ga is
developed to perfection.

There being the samādhi sambojjhaį¹…ga
present within, he understands: “there is the samādhi sambojjhaį¹…ga
within me”; there not being the samādhi sambojjhaį¹…ga present within, he
understands: “there is no samādhi sambojjhaį¹…ga within me”; he
understands how the unarisen samādhi sambojjhaį¹…ga comes to arise; he
understands how the arisen samādhi sambojjhaį¹…ga is developed to
perfection.

There being the upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga present within,
he understands: “there is the upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga within me”; there not
being the upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga present within, he understands: “there
is no upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga within me”; he understands how the unarisen
upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga comes to arise; he understands how the arisen
upekkhā sambojjhaį¹…ga is developed to perfection.

Thus he dwells
observing dhammas in dhammas internally, or he dwells observing dhammas
in dhammas externally, or he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena
in dhammas, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in
dhammas, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of
phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:] “these are dhammas!” sati is
present in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere paį¹­issati, he
dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus,
bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas, with reference
to the seven bojjhaį¹…gas.

E. Section on the Truths

And
furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas
with reference to the four ariyaĀ·saccas. And furthermore, bhikkhus, how
does a bhikkhu dwell observing dhammas in dhammas with reference to the
four ariyaĀ·saccas?

E1. Exposition of Dukkhasacca

And what,
bhikkhus, is the dukkha ariyasacca? Jāti is dukkha, aging is dukkha
(sickness is dukkha) maraį¹‡a is dukkha, sorrow, lamentation, dukkha,
domanassa and distress is dukkha, association with what is disliked is
dukkha, dissociation from what is liked is dukkha, not to get what one
wants is dukkha; in short, the five upādānaĀ·kĀ·khandhas are dukkha.

And
what, bhikkhus, is jāti? For the various beings in the various classes
of beings, jāti, the birth, the descent [into the womb], the arising [in
the world], the appearance, the apparition of the khandhas, the
acquisition of the āyatanas. This, bhikkhus, is called jāti.

And
what, bhikkhus, is jarā? For the various beings in the various classes
of beings, jarā, the state of being decayed, of having broken [teeth],
of having grey hair, of being wrinkled, the decline of vitality, the
decay of the indriyas: this, bhikkhus, is called jarā.

And what,
bhikkhus, is maraį¹‡a? For the various beings in the various classes of
beings, the decease, the state of shifting [out of existence], the break
up, the disappearance, the death, maraį¹‡a, the passing away, the break
up of the khandhas, the laying down of the corpse: this, bhikkhus, is
called maraį¹‡a.

And what, bhikkhus, is sorrow? In one, bhikkhus,
associated with various kinds of misfortune, touched by various kinds of
dukkha dhammas, the sorrrow, the mourning, the state of grief, the
inner sorrow, the inner great sorrow: this, bhikkhus, is called sorrow.

And
what, bhikkhus, is lamentation? In one, bhikkhus, associated with
various kinds of misfortune, touched by various kinds of dukkha dhammas,
the cries, the lamentations, the weeping, the wailing, the state of
crying, the state of lamentating: this, bhikkhus, is called lamentation.

And
what, bhikkhus, is dukkha? Whatever, bhikkhus, bodily dukkha, bodily
unpleasantness, dukkha engendered by bodily contact, unpleasant
vedayitas: this, bhikkhus, is called dukkha.

And what, bhikkhus,
is domanassa? Whatever, bhikkhus, mental dukkha, mental unpleasantness,
dukkha engendered by mental contact, unpleasant vedayitas: this,
bhikkhus, is called domanassa.

And what, bhikkhus, is despair? In
one, bhikkhus, associated with various kinds of misfortune, touched by
various kinds of dukkha dhammas, the trouble, the despair, the state of
being in trouble, the state of being in despair: this, bhikkhus, is
called despair.

And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha of being
associated with what is disagreeable? Here, as to the forms, sounds,
tastes, odors, bodily phenomena and mental phenomena there are which are
unpleasing, not enjoyable, unpleasant, or else those who desire one’s
disadvantage, those who desire one’s loss, those who desire one’s
discomfort, those who desire one’s non-liberation from attachment,
meeting, being associated, being together, encountering them: this,
bhikkhus, is called the dukkha of being associated with what is
disagreeable.

And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha of being
dissociated from what is agreeable? Here, as to the forms, sounds,
tastes, odors, bodily phenomena and mental phenomena there are which are
pleasing, enjoyable, pleasant, or else those who desire one’s
advantage, those who desire one’s benefit, those who desire one’s
comfort, those who desire one’s liberation from attachment, not meeting,
not being associated, not being together, not encountering them: this,
bhikkhus, is called the dukkha of being dissociated from what is
agreeable.

And what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha of not getting what
one wants? In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of being born,
such a wish arises: “oh really, may there not be jāti for us, and
really, may we not come to jāti.” But this is not to be achieved by
wishing. This is the dukkha of not getting what one wants.

In
beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of getting old, such a wish
arises: “oh really, may there not be jarā for us, and really, may we not
come to jarā.” But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the
dukkha of not getting what one wants.

In beings, bhikkhus, having
the characteristic of getting sick, such a wish arises: “oh really, may
there not be sickness for us, and really, may we not come to sickness.”
But this is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha of not
getting what one wants.

In beings, bhikkhus, having the
characteristic of getting old, such a wish arises: “oh really, may there
not be maraį¹‡a for us, and really, may we not come to maraį¹‡a.” But this
is not to be achieved by wishing. This is the dukkha of not getting what
one wants.

In beings, bhikkhus, having the characteristic of
sorrow, lamentation, dukkha, domanassa and distress, such a wish arises:
“oh really, may there not be sorrow, lamentation, dukkha, domanassa and
distress for us, and really, may we not come to sorrow, lamentation,
dukkha, domanassa and distress.” But this is not to be achieved by
wishing. This is the dukkha of not getting what one wants.

And
what, bhikkhus, are in short the five upādānakkhandhas? They are: the
rÅ«pa upādānakkhandha, the vedanā upādānakkhandha, the saƱƱā
upādānakkhandha, the saį¹…khāra upādānakkhandha, the viƱƱāį¹‡a
upādānakkhandha. These are called in short, bhikkhus, the five
upādānakkhandhas.

This is called, bhikkhus, the dukkha ariyasacca

E2. Exposition of Samudayasacca

And
what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? It is this taį¹‡hā
leading to rebirth, connected with desire and enjoyment, finding delight
here or there, that is to say: kāma-taį¹‡hā, bhava-taį¹‡hā and
vibhava-taį¹‡hā. But this taį¹‡hā, bhikkhus, when arising, where does it
arise, and when settling [itself], where does it settle? In that in the
world which seems pleasant and agreeable, that is where taį¹‡hā, when
arising, arises, where when settling, it settles.

And what in the
world is pleasant and agreeable? The eye in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The ear in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā,
when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The nose in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The tongue in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. Kāya in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Mana in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles.

Visible forms in the world are pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. Sounds in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā,
when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Smells in the
world are pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. Tastes in the world are pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. Bodily phenomena in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Dhammas
in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising,
arises, there when settling, it settles.

The eye-viƱƱāį¹‡a in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The ear-viƱƱāį¹‡a in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles. The nose-viƱƱāį¹‡a in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The tongue-viƱƱāį¹‡a in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.
Kāya-viƱƱāį¹‡a in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Mana-viƱƱāį¹‡a in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles.

The eye-samphassa in the world
is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles. The ear-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The nose-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
tongue-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā,
when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. Kāya-samphassa in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. Mana-samphassa in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles.

The vedanā born of eye-samphassa in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vedanā born of ear-samphassa in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vedanā born of nose-samphassa in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vedanā born of tongue-samphassa in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vedanā born of kāya-samphassa in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vedanā born of mana-samphassa in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles.

The saƱƱā of visible forms in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The saƱƱā of sounds in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles. The saƱƱā of odors in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The saƱƱā of tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
saƱƱā of bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The saƱƱā
of Dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
arising, arises, there when settling, it settles.

The intention
[related to] visible forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
intention [related to] sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
intention [related to] odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
intention [related to] tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
intention [related to] bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The intention [related to] dhammas in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles.

The taį¹‡hā for visible forms in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The taį¹‡hā for sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The
taį¹‡hā for odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā,
when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The taį¹‡hā for
tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The taį¹‡hā for bodily
phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. The taį¹‡hā for dhammas
in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising,
arises, there when settling, it settles.
The vicāra of visible forms
in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising,
arises, there when settling, it settles. The vicāra of sounds in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises,
there when settling, it settles. The vicāra of odors in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when
settling, it settles. The vicāra of tastes in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The vicāra of bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it
settles. The vicāra of dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when arising, arises, there when settling, it settles. This
is called, bhikkhus, the dukkhaĀ·samudaya ariyasacca.

E3. Exposition of Nirodhasacca

And
what, bhikkhus, is the dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? It is this taį¹‡hā
leading to rebirth, connected with desire and enjoyment, finding delight
here or there, that is to say: kāma-taį¹‡hā, bhava-taį¹‡hā and
vibhava-taį¹‡hā. But this taį¹‡hā, bhikkhus, when abandoned, where is it
abandoned, and when ceasing, where does it cease? In that in the world
which seems pleasant and agreeable, that is where taį¹‡hā, when abandoned,
is abandoned, where when ceasing, it ceases.

And what in the
world is pleasant and agreeable? The eye in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The ear in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it
ceases. The nose in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The tongue
in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Kāya in the world is pleasant
and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. Mana in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.

Visible
forms in the world are pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Sounds in the
world are pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Smells in the world are
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases. Tastes in the world are pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. Bodily phenomena in the world are pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. Dhammas in the world are pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it
ceases.

The eye-viƱƱāį¹‡a in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it
ceases. The ear-viƱƱāį¹‡a in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
nose-viƱƱāį¹‡a in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
tongue-viƱƱāį¹‡a in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Kāya-viƱƱāį¹‡a in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. Mana-viƱƱāį¹‡a in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases.

The eye-samphassa in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases. The ear-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The nose-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The tongue-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. Kāya-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. Mana-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases.

The vedanā born of eye-samphassa in the world
is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned,
there when ceasing, it ceases. The vedanā born of ear-samphassa in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vedanā born of
nose-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vedanā born
of tongue-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
vedanā born of kāya-samphassa in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it
ceases. The vedanā born of mana-samphassa in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases.

The saƱƱā of visible forms in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases. The saƱƱā of sounds in the world is pleasant
and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The saƱƱā of odors in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The saƱƱā of tastes in the world is pleasant and
agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases. The saƱƱā of bodily phenomena in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases. The saƱƱā of Dhammas in the world is pleasant
and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when
ceasing, it ceases.

The intention [related to] visible forms in
the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The intention [related to]
sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The intention
[related to] odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
intention [related to] tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable,
there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it
ceases. The intention [related to] bodily phenomena in the world is
pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there
when ceasing, it ceases. The intention [related to] dhammas in the
world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is
abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.

The taį¹‡hā for visible
forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The taį¹‡hā for
sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The taį¹‡hā for
odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The taį¹‡hā for
tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The taį¹‡hā for
bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The taį¹‡hā
for dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.

The
vitakka of visible forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
vitakka of sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vitakka
of odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vitakka of
tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vitakka of
bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vitakka
of dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases.

The
vicāra of visible forms in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there
taį¹‡hā, when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The
vicāra of sounds in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vicāra
of odors in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vicāra of
tastes in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vicāra of
bodily phenomena in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā,
when abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. The vicāra
of dhammas in the world is pleasant and agreeable, there taį¹‡hā, when
abandoned, is abandoned, there when ceasing, it ceases. This is called,
bhikkhus, the dukkhaĀ·nirodha ariyasacca.

E4. Exposition of Maggasacca

And
what, bhikkhus, is the dukkhaĀ·nirodhaĀ·gāminÄ« paį¹­ipadā ariyasacca? It is
just this ariya aį¹­į¹­haį¹…gika magga, that is to say sammādiį¹­į¹­hi,
sammāsaį¹…kappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammā-ājÄ«vo, sammāvāyāmo,
sammāsati and sammāsamādhi.

And what, bhikkhus, is sammādiį¹­į¹­hi?
That, bhikkhus, which is the Ʊāį¹‡a of dukkha, the Ʊāį¹‡a of
dukkha-samudaya, the Ʊāį¹‡a of dukkha-nirodha and the Ʊāį¹‡a of
dukkha-nirodha-gāmini paį¹­ipada, that is called, bhikkhus, sammādiį¹­į¹­hi.

And
what, bhikkhus, are sammāsaį¹…kappas? Those, bhikkhus, which are
saį¹…kappas of nekkhamma, saį¹…kappas of abyāpāda, saį¹…kappas of avihiį¹ƒsā,
those are called, bhikkhus, sammāsaį¹…kappas.

And what, bhikkhus,
is sammāvācā? That, bhikkhus, which is abstaining from musāvādā,
abstaining from pisuį¹‡a vācā, abstaining from pharusa vācā, and
abstaining from samphappalāpa, that is called, bhikkhus, sammāvācā.

And
what, bhikkhus, is sammā-kammanta? That, bhikkhus, which is abstaining
from pāį¹‡Ätipāta , abstaining from adinnādāna, abstaining from
abrahmacariya, that is called, bhikkhus, sammā-kammanta.

And
what, bhikkhus, is sammā-ājīva? Here, bhikkhus, a noble disciple, having
abandonned wrong livelihood, supports his life by right means of
livelihood, that is called, bhikkhus, sammā-ājīva.

And what,
bhikkhus, is sammāvāyāma? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu generates his chanda
for the non-arising of unarisen pāpaka and akusala dhammas, he exerts
himself, rouses his viriya, applies vigorously his citta and strives; he
generates his chanda for the forsaking of arisen pāpaka and akusala
dhammas, he exerts himself, rouses his viriya, applies vigorously his
citta and strives; he generates his chanda for the arising of unarisen
kusala dhammas, he exerts himself, rouses his viriya, applies vigorously
his citta and strives; he generates his chanda for the steadfastness of
arisen kusala dhammas, for their absence of confusion, for their
increase, their development, their cultivation and their completion, he
exerts himself, rouses his viriya, applies vigorously his citta and
strives. This is called, bhikkhus, sammāvāyāma.

An what,
bhikkhus, is sammāsati? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya
in kāya, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa
towards the world. He dwells observing vedanā in vedanā, ātāpī
sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world.
He dwells observing citta in citta, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having
given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing
dhammaĀ·s in dhammaĀ·s, ātāpÄ« sampajāno, satimā, having given up
abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. This is called, bhikkhus,
sammāsati.

And what, bhikkhus, is sammāsamādhi? Here, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, detached from kāma, detached from akusala dhammas, having
entered in the first jhāna, abides therein, with vitakka and vicāra,
with pīti and sukha born of detachment. With the stilling of
vitakka-vicāra, having entered in the second jhāna, he abides therein
with inner tanquilization, unification of citta, without vitakka nor
vicāra, with pīti and sukha born of samādhi. And with indifference
towards pīti, he abides in upekkha, sato and sampajāno, he experiences
in kāya the sukha which the ariyas describe: ‘one who is equanimous and
mindful dwells in [this] sukha’, having entered in the third jhāna, he
abides therein. Abandoning sukha and abandoning dukkha, somanassa and
domanassa having previously disappeared, without sukha nor dukkha, with
the purity of upekkha and sati, having entered in the fourth jhāna, he
abides therein. This is called, bhikkhus, sammāsamādhi.

This is called, bhikkhus, the dukkhaĀ·nirodhaĀ·gāminÄ« paį¹­ipadā ariyasacca.

Thus
he dwells observing dhammas in dhammas internally, or he dwells
observing dhammas in dhammas externally, or he dwells observing dhammas
in dhammas internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya
of phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the passing away of
phenomena in dhammas, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing
away of phenomena in dhammas; or else, [realizing:] “these are dhammas!”
sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere Ʊāį¹‡a and mere
paį¹­issati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the
world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing dhammas in dhammas,
with reference to the four ariyaĀ·saccas.

The benefits of practicing the Satipaį¹­į¹­hānas

For
whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way
for seven years, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect]
knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left,
anāgāmita.

Let alone seven years, bhikkhus. For whoever,
bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way for six
years, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in
visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anāgāmita.

Let
alone six years, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these
four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way for five years, one of two results may be
expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there
is some clinging left, anāgāmita.

Let alone five years, bhikkhus.
For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this
way for four years, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect]
knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left,
anāgāmita.

Let alone four years, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus,
would practice these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way for three years,
one of two results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in
visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anāgāmita.

Let
alone three years, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice
these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way for two years, one of two results
may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if
there is some clinging left, anāgāmita.

Let alone two years,
bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas
in this way for one year, one of two results may be expected: either
[perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging
left, anāgāmita.

Let alone one year, bhikkhus. For whoever,
bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way for seven
months, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge
in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anāgāmita.

Let
alone seven months, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice
these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way for six months, one of two results
may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if
there is some clinging left, anāgāmita.

Let alone six months,
bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas
in this way for five months, one of two results may be expected: either
[perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging
left, anāgāmita.

Let alone five months, bhikkhus. For whoever,
bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way for four
months, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge
in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anāgāmita.

Let
alone four months, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice
these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way for three months, one of two
results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible
phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anāgāmita.

Let
alone three months, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice
these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way for two months, one of two results
may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if
there is some clinging left, anāgāmita.

Let alone two months,
bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas
in this way for one month, one of two results may be expected: either
[perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging
left, anāgāmita.

Let alone one month, bhikkhus. For whoever,
bhikkhus, would practice these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way for half a
month, one of two results may be expected: either [perfect] knowledge
in visible phenomena, or if there is some clinging left, anāgāmita.

Let
alone half a month, bhikkhus. For whoever, bhikkhus, would practice
these four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas in this way for a week, one of two results may
be expected: either [perfect] knowledge in visible phenomena, or if
there is some clinging left, anāgāmita.

“This, bhikkhus, is the
path that leads to nothing but the purification of beings, the
overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, the disappearance of
dukkha-domanassa, the attainment of the right way, the realization of
Nibbāna, that is to say the four satipaį¹­į¹­hānas.” Thus has it been said,
and on the basis of all this has it been said.

Thus spoke the Bhagavā. Delighted, the bhikkhus welcomed the words of the Bhagavā.
https://tenor.com/view/government-conspiracy-covid19-mom-died-of-avirus-gif-17552801    
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/china-lab-rejects-covid-19-conspiracy-claims-but-virus-origins-still-a-mystery/articleshow/75422373.cms?from=mdr
COVID-19 conspiracy claims, but virus origins still a mystery.
There were still no conclusive answers as to where the disease started.
SARS-CoV-2,
now responsible for more than 200,000 deaths worldwide, was synthesised
by the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV), based in the city where the
disease was first identified.



https://srv1.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
Last updated: July 15, 2020, 01:09 GMT

Coronavirus Cases:

13,670,864

Deaths:
585,842

Recovered:8,019,928

https://srv1.worldometers.info/



World Population

75,712,378Births this year
104,282Births today
31,785,870Deaths this year
43,780Deaths today
43,926,508Net population growth this year
60,502Net population growth today
Government & Economics
$ 4,109,252,952Public Healthcare expenditure today
$ 2,808,673,755Public Education expenditure today
$ 1,275,118,766Public Military expenditure today
42,649,752Cars produced this year
81,544,161Bicycles produced this year
135,034,681Computers produced this year

Society & Media

1,449,734New book titles published this year
129,279,852Newspapers circulated today
181,461TV sets sold worldwide today
1,773,406Cellular phones sold today
$ 79,356,660Money spent on videogames today
4,618,678,830Internet users in the world today
71,505,927,321Emails sent today
1,896,365Blog posts written today
212,514,549Tweets sent today
1,978,267,710Google searches today

Environment

2,810,601Forest loss this year (hectares)
3,783,829Land lost to soil erosion this year (ha)
19,546,484,385CO2 emissions this year (tons)
6,485,347Desertification this year (hectares)
5,292,248 Toxic chemicals released
in the environment
this year (tons)

Food

844,493,261Undernourished people in the world
1,696,111,310Overweight people in the world
761,090,426Obese people in the world
8,325People who died of hunger today
$ 157,823,732Money spent for obesity related
diseases in the USA
today
$ 51,458,967Money spent on weight loss
programs in the USA
today

Water

2,359,591,081Water used this year (million L)
455,082Deaths caused by water related
diseases
this year
799,520,568People with no access to
a safe drinking water source

Energy

127,051,062Energy used today (MWh), of which:
108,153,038- from non-renewable sources (MWh)
19,132,782- from renewable sources (MWh)
796,108,269,935 Solar energy striking Earth today (MWh)
26,058,145Oil pumped today (barrels)
1,502,891,183,377Oil left (barrels)
15,673Days to the end of oil (~43 years)
1,094,756,311,228Natural Gas left (boe)
57,619Days to the end of natural gas
4,314,827,820,784Coal left (boe)
148,787Days to the end of coal

Health

7,015,424Communicable disease deaths this year
263,543Seasonal flu deaths this year
4,107,670Deaths of children under 5 this year
22,985,658Abortions this year
167,034Deaths of mothers during birth this year
41,945,942HIV/AIDS infected people
908,460Deaths caused by HIV/AIDS this year
4,438,329Deaths caused by cancer this year
530,077Deaths caused by malaria this year
4,120,332,614Cigarettes smoked today
2,701,518Deaths caused by smoking this year
1,351,611Deaths caused by alcohol this year
579,505Suicides this year
$ 216,189,594,323Money spent on illegal drugs this year
729,495Road traffic accident fatalities this year

  
 BIRTH, OLD AGE, SICKNESS, ILLNESS, DEATH ARE CERTAININTIES    May all
be Happy, Well and Secure!    May all have Calm, Quiet, Alert, Attentive
and Equanimity Mind with a Clear Understanding that Everything is
Changing!    May all those who died attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal
and Rest in Peace
as they followed the following original words of
the Buddha the Mettiyya Awakened One with awraeness :Countries and
territories without any cases of COVID-19                1. Comoros,2.
North Korea,3. Yemen,4. The Federated States of Micronesia,5.
Kiribati,6. Solomon Islands,7. The Cook Islands,8. Micronesia,9.
Tong,10. The Marshall Islands Palau,11. American Samoa,12. South
Georgia,13. South Sandwich Islands,14.SaintHelena,Europe,15. Aland
Islands,16.Svalbard,17. Jan Mayen Islands,18. Latin
America,19.Africa,20.British Indian Ocean Territory,21.French Southern
Territories,22.Lesotho,23.Oceania,24.Christmas Island,25. Cocos
(Keeling) Islands,26. Heard Island,27. McDonald Islands,28. Niue,29.
Norfolk Island,30. Pitcairn,31. Solomon Islands,32. Tokelau,33. United
States Minor Outlying Islands,34. Wallis and Futuna
Islands,35.Tajikistan,36. Turkmenistan,37. Tuvalu,38. Vanuatu
as they are following the original words of the Buddha Metteyya Awakened One with Awareness:
  
     Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta1. Dasa raja dhamma, 2. kusala 3.
Kuutadanta Sutta dana, 4. priyavacana,5. artha cariya ,6. samanatmata,
7. Samyutta Nikayaaryaor,ariyasammutidev 8. Agganna Sutta,9. Majjima
Nikaya,10. aryaā€ or ā€œariy, 11.sammutideva,12. Digha Nikaya,13. Maha
Sudassana,14.Dittadhammikatthasamvattanika-dhamma ,15. Canon Sutta ,16.
Pali Canon and Suttapitaka ,17. Iddhipada ,18. Lokiyadhamma and
Lokuttaradhamma,19. BrahmavihaĢ€ra,20. Sangahavatthu ,21.
Nathakaranadhamma ,22. Saraniyadhamma ,23. Adhipateyya
Dithadhammikattha,24. dukkha,25. anicca,26. anatta,27. Samsara,28.
Cakkamatti Sihananda Sutta,29.Chandagati,30.Dosagati, 31.
Mohagati,32.Bhayagati,33.Yoniso manasikara,34. BrahmavihaĢ€raSangaha
vatthu,35. Nathakaranadhamma,36.SaraniyadhammaAdhipateyya,37.
Dithadhammikatth38.Mara,39.Law of Kamma,40. dhammamahamatras, 41.IV.
Observation of
Dhammas,42.Assamedha,43.Sassamedha,44.Naramedha,45.Purisamedha,46.Sammapasa,47.Vajapeyya,48.Niraggala,49.Sila,50.Samadhi, 
51.Panna, 52.Samma-sankappa,53.Sigalovada Sutta,54.Brahmajala
Sutta,55.Vasettha Sutta in Majjhima Nikaya,56.Ambattha Sutta in Digha
NikayaThe Blessed,Noble,Awakened One-The Tathagata
                             

May
all be Happy, Well and Secure!May all live Long!May all have calm,
quiet, alert, attentive and equanimity Mind with a clear understanding
that Everything is Changing!

The Blessed,Noble,Awakened One-The
TathagataGive people time.Give people space.Don’t beg anyone to stay.Let
them roam.What’s meant for you willalways be yours.

https://tricycle.org/magazine/buddhist-food-cupcake/

Where Wordā€™s Hunger Struggle Is Headed

Maį¹‡imēkalai , ā€œjewelled belt, girdle of gemsā€
received a magicAtchaya Pathiram
(begging bowl) , which always gets filled.

Akshaya pathram Manimegalai the follower of Awakened One with Awareness said that

 ā€œHunger is the worst kind of  illness.ā€
ā€œThe whole secret of existence is to have no fear.ā€  

Manimekalai
converted the prison into a hospice to help the needy, teaches the king
the dhamma of the Buddha. In the final five cantos of the epic,
Buddhist teachers recite Four Noble Truths, Twelve Nidanas and other
ideas to her.

Volunteers must become full-time members to
fullfill the vision & aspiration of his spiritual Manimekala Akshya
Pathram. Must be committed to the cause currently and involve in
strategy, growth, and governance of Akshaya Patra.

The journey so
far and what the future holds in the mission to end hunger for children
and adults in the world. Technology must be  used in mass production
for the fantastic results. Other initiatives of the Akshaya Patra must
help children and adults from underprivileged backgrounds achieve their
dreams.

 All the Governments all over the world allot funds for
the governance of Akshaya Patra and order all the vans used by postal
department, police vans to supply provisions, vegetables and food in
edible food packs till all the curfews are removed.

The state-of-the-art kitchens must become a subject of study and attract curious visitors from around the world.

Partnership
with the Governments all over the world India and various State
Governments, along with the persistent support from corporates,
individual donors, and well-wishers have to help Manimekali Akshya
Pathram to serve millions of underprevilaged children and adults.Picture
a life in which your every waking moment is spent searching for food.
Your belly is distended and your limbs are emaciated like a starving
childā€™s. Your hunger is ceaseless and painful, but your throat is no
wider than the eye of a needle. When you find food, you canā€™t swallow
it. Not even a bite. The hunger persists, and your search continues.
Such is the fate of pretas in Buddhist traditionā€”the hungry ghosts.These
poor souls were reborn this way because in past lives they were driven
by desire, greed, anger, and ignorance. While you might find yourself
checking a few of these boxes on any given day, in Buddhism you have to
take such vices to the extreme to end up with such a tortured
existenceā€”like committing murder in a jealous rage. So no need to
panic.Itā€™s a tradition in many Asian cultures to leave offerings of food
for the hungry ghosts. But this doesnā€™t really help. It turns out these
ghosts arenā€™t really searching for food. Or they are, but their search
is misguided. Hunger for the ghosts has nothing to do with food, and
everything to do with what they did in their previous time on earth.
Thereā€™s plenty of food for them, but they canā€™t eat it. Like every
religious parable, thereā€™s an important lesson here: itā€™s not food they
really need.Back here in the human realm, we still look to food to do
much more than nourish our bodies and satisfy our hunger. We turn to
food in times of great joy and great sadness. When something wonderful
happens, we celebrate with a dinner out. We drink champagne, we eat
cake, we splurge on nice meals. Food becomes part of the rejoicing. And
the opposite is true, too. Thereā€™s a long tradition of providing food to
those who are grieving. We band together to provide meals to friends in
crisisā€”you may, at some point in your life, have signed up on a
spreadsheet or email thread to bring meals to someone mourning, someone
recovering, someone struggling. In times of sadness, we instinctively
want to provide comfort in a tangible way. And very often, we do that
with food.Food is there for all of itā€”the good times and the bad. And to
some extent, it makes sense. Itā€™s fun to go out and celebrate a raise,
an anniversary, or a graduation. And it feels right that when people are
truly suffering, the last thing they should worry about is putting
together a meal. In these moments of tragedy or triumph, food is a
worthy and welcome ally.The problem comes when we use food to comfort
and reward ourselves when the stakes are much, much lower. Finally I got
the kids to sleep, now I can eat those cookies Iā€™ve been eyeing. That
big meeting today was a mess, time for a big glass of wine. These
mundane highs and lows are challenging. But they are not worthy of great
sadness or great celebration. Or, really, food.Related: Read a
collection of Tricycle Teachings on Food And we know it, too.

Imagine
going out for dinner to celebrate fixing the washing machine. Or
delivering a meal to a friend who had a bad sunburn. It sounds
ridiculous. But we still give ourselves mini-rewards for minor
successes, and mini-comforts for minor irritationsā€”and they often
involve food. We wonā€™t buy ourselves a celebratory cake, but we might
well take a slice if thereā€™s some in the refrigerator. Or we might find
ourselves a bag of chips or a cold beer. Each of these could easily be
several hundred calories. And worse still, itā€™s generally at the end of a
long day that we find ourselves wanting this reward or comfortā€”the
worst possible time for our bodies. Do that regularly, and it adds up
fast.Thereā€™s a reason we do this, of course. Food is a natural reward.
Think of Ivan Pavlov and his studies of classical conditioning in
dogsā€”he trained them with food. The comfort foods we usually turn toā€”the
ones full of starch and sugarā€”are scientifically proven to improve our
mood. Ever hear someone refer to a particularly enticing snack as being
ā€œlike crackā€? Eating tasty food seems to activate the same parts of the
brain as addictive drugs and even cause the release of natural opiates.
Studies have shown that carbohydrates in particular increase serotonin
release, the chemical in the body that boosts mood. The more serotonin,
the better you feel. Fatty foods are the same. Brain scans of
participants in a 2011 study, who were fed either a solution of fatty
acids or a saline solution via a feeding tube, showed that those who got
the fatty acids had less activity in the areas of the brain that
controlled sadness, even after listening to ā€œsad classical music.ā€ (Yes,
people actually volunteered for this studyā€”with sad music and a feeding
tube.)So whatā€™s wrong with that? Better than actual crack at least,
right? If food really does help with our mood, isnā€™t that a good
thing?Yes and no. But mostly no. Remember those hungry ghosts? They get a
bit of relief when they taste the food on their tongues. So do you,
studies tell usā€”and youā€™re luckier than the hungry ghosts because at
least you can swallow your chocolate. But that relief is temporary. The
bad day still lingers, smothered by the brownie, pretzel, or muffin. And
just like the hungry ghosts, you arenā€™t really looking for food. What
the ghosts truly want is relief from the void created by desire, greed,
anger, and ignoranceā€”yet they keep trying to fill that empty feeling
with food, even though it never works. Sound familiar?Not only are these
self-soothing snacks not all that soothing, but when we use food to
comfort and provide relief from stress, weā€™re using it at a time when we
can least afford the calories. A recent Ohio State University study of
58 healthy middle-aged women revealed that experiencing one or more
stressful events the day before eating a single high-fat meal actually
slowed their metabolism. And not just a littleā€”enough to ā€œadd up to
almost 11 pounds across a yearā€ according to the authors. Stress seems
to cause the body to freak out and cling to the calories, thinking it
might need them later. This may be a biological holdover from times of
famine, or when we werenā€™t all that sure when weā€™d spear our next woolly
mammoth. Whatever weā€™re stressed about todayā€”whether an ill loved one, a
struggling relationship, a financial burden, or a lousy jobā€”probably
wonā€™t cause us to starve tomorrow. But our bodies havenā€™t evolved to
know the difference.And it gets worse. Overeating for any reason often
leads to these same negative emotional states that then trigger more
overeating. A study of both normal-weight and overweight women in
Germany found that they felt sadness, shame, and anxiety after eating
high-calorie foodsā€”with the overweight women reporting the most intense
emotional responses. So we overeat when weā€™re sad or stressed, then get
more sad and stressed when we overeat. In between, we gain weight, which
is also associated with depression and makes everything worse. Itā€™s
another vicious cycle of ā€œovereating, weight gain, and depressed
mood.ā€Related: I Tried the Buddhist Monk Dietā€”And It Worked Luckily,
there are many ways to deal with stress. The healthiest approach is to
take steps to address the actual cause. That may mean facing the reality
of a bad relationship, or seeking out a new job, or saying no to
commitments that have you stretched too thin. Social diversionā€”basically
hanging out with friends or familyā€”also works well. In fact, of all the
ways to distract yourself, this seems to be the most effective.What
psychologists call ā€œemotion-oriented copingā€ is the most dangerous. This
is when you blame yourself, daydream, fantasize, and otherwise ruminate
on your miserable life. Maybe lying in bed listening to sad music.
Donā€™t do that. This often leads to emotional eatingā€”perhaps because it
just doesnā€™t work on its own. Awful-izing rarely makes us feel better.On
the other hand, meditation and mindfulnessā€”a few minutes of pure
silence and peaceā€”have been shown to help significantly. Similarly,
studies of yoga for relieving stress and anxiety are very promising, and
have even shown that yoga can reduce preoccupations with food for those
with serious eating disorders. Physical exercise has long been known to
improve our moods, and also seems to help us fight anxiety. Exposure to
nature helps many people. You may have to try several things before you
find something that works for you. But donā€™t let yourself use food as
your cure.You will slip up, of course, now and again. These are hard
habits to break. But think carefully about just how often you are
engaging in these behaviors, and see them for what they areā€”a temporary
fix that can cause a lasting problem. And remember the lesson of the
hungry ghosts. The unsettled self can never be sated with food.

ā™¦From Buddhaā€™s Diet: The Ancient Art of Losing Weight Without Losing Your Mind, by Tara Cottrell and Dan Zigmond, Ā© 2016.

Reprinted
with permission of Running Press, an imprint of Perseus Books, a
division of PBG Publishing, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group.

There is no fire like passion
No crime like hatred,
No sorrow like separation,
No sickness like hunger,
And
no joy like the joy of freedom. Gautama Buddha Zen famously says: when
hungry, eat; when tired, sleep. But all things in moderation - as the
Buddha discovered in time to avoid starving to death.

UN News

Over
820 million people suffering from hunger; new UN report reveals
stubborn realities of ā€˜immenseā€™ global challenge Economic Development

After
nearly a decade of progress, the number of people who suffer from
hunger has slowly increased over the past three years, with about one in
every nine people globally suffering from hunger today, the United
Nations said in a new report released on Monday.

This fact
underscores ā€œthe immense challengeā€ to achieving the Zero Hunger target
of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030, according to the
State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019.

The
report, launched on the margins of the High-level Political Forum (HLPF)
ā€“ the main UN platform monitoring follow-up on Statesā€™ actions on the
SDGs ā€“ currently under way in New York, breaks down statistics by
region, and shows that hunger has risen almost 20 per cent in Africaā€™s
subregions, areas which also have the greatest prevalence of
undernourishment.

Although the pervasiveness of hunger in Latin
America and the Caribbean is still below seven per cent, it is slowly
increasing. And in Asia, undernourishment affects 11 per cent of
the population.

 Although
southern Asia saw great progress over the last five years, at almost 15
per cent, it is still the subregion with the highest prevalence of
undernourishment.

ā€œOur actions to tackle these troubling trends
will have to be bolder, not only in scale but also in terms of
multisectoral collaboration,ā€ the heads of the UN Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development
(IFAD), the UN Childrenā€™s Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Programme (WFP)
and the World

Health Organization (WHO) urged in their joint foreword to the report.

Hunger
is increasing in many countries where economic growth is lagging,
particularly in middle-income countries and those that rely heavily on
international primary commodity trade. The annual UN report also found
that income inequality is rising in many of the countries where hunger
is on the rise, making it even more difficult forthe poor, vulnerable or
marginalized to cope with economic slowdowns and downturns.

ā€œWe
must foster pro-poor and inclusive structural transformation focusing on
people and placing communities at the centre to reduce economic
vulnerabilities and set ourselves on track to ending hunger, food
insecurity and all forms of malnutrition,ā€ the UN leaders said.Food
insecurity
This yearā€™s edition of the report takes a broader look at the impact of food insecurity ā€“ beyond hunger.
It
introduces, for the first time, a second indicator for monitoring
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Target 2.1 on the Prevalence of
Moderate or Severe Food Insecurity that shows that 17.2 per cent of the
worldā€™s population, or 1.3 billion people, lacked regular access to
ā€œnutritious and sufficient foodā€.
ā€œEven if they were not necessarily
suffering from hunger, they are at greater risk of various forms of
malnutrition and poor healthā€, according to the report.The combination
of moderate and severe levels of food insecurity brings the estimate to
about two billion people, where in every continent, women are slightly
more food insecure than men.
Low birthweight still a major challenge
Turning to children, the report disclosed that since 2012, no progress
has been made in reducing low birthweight.
Additionally, while the
number of under-age-five children affected by stunting has decreased
over the past six years by 10 per cent globally, the pace of progress is
too slow to meet the 2030 target of halving the number of stunted
children.
Furthermore, overweight and obesity continue to increase
throughout all regions, particularly among school-age children and
adults. Income inequality increases the likelihood of severe food
insecurity ā€“ UN report
To safeguard food security and nutrition, the
2019 report stresses the importance to economic and social policies to
counteract the effects of adverse economic cycles when they arrive,
while avoiding cuts in essential services.
It maintains that the
uneven pace of economic recovery ā€œis undermining efforts to end hunger
and malnutrition, with hunger increasing in many countries where the
economy
 has slowed down or contractedā€, mostly in middle-income nations.

Moreover,
economic slowdowns or downturns disproportionally undermine food
security and nutrition where inequalities are greater.

The report
concludes with guidance on what short- and long-term policies must be
undertaken to safeguard food security and nutrition during episodes of
economic turmoil or in preparation for them, such as integrating food
security and nutrition concerns into poverty reduction efforts using
pro-poor and inclusive structural transformations. Solving Indiaā€™s
hunger problem The Supreme Court has agreed to examine a plea that
starvation deaths continue to eat into the right to life and dignity of
social fabric and a ā€œradicalā€ new measure like community kitchens need
to be set up across the country to feed the poor and the hungry.

A
Bench led by Justice N.V. Ramana issued notice on Monday to the
government on the petition filed jointly by activists Anun Dhawan,
Ishann Dhawan and Kunjana Singh, represented by advocates Ashima Mandla
and Fuzail Ahmad Ayyubi. State-funded community Asskhaya Patra kitchens
must be the  novel concept in all countries. For combating starvation
and malnutrition crisis every locality must have Akshaya Patra kitchens
along with the existing hotels and bakeries.

https://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/English-Texts/Buddhist-Legends/15-05.htm

Book
XV. Happiness, Sukha VaggaXV. 5. The Buddha feeds the Hungry 01203.
Hunger is the greatest of afflictions; the Aggregates of Being are the
principal source of suffering;

If a man thoroughly understand
this, he has attained Nibbāna, Supreme Happiness.This religious
instruction was given by the Teacher while he was in residence at Āįø·avi
with reference to a certain lay disciple.

For one day, as the
Teacher seated in the Perfumed Chamber at Jetavana {3.262} surveyed the
world at dawn, he beheld a certain poor man at Āįø·avi. Perceiving that he
possessed the faculties requisite for attaining the Fruit of
Conversion, he surrounded himself with a company of five hundred monks
and went to Āįø·avi.

The inhabitants of Āįø·avi straightway invited
the Teacher to be their guest. That poor man also heard that the Teacher
had arrived and made up his mind to go and hear the Teacher preach the
Law. But that very [30.75] day an ox of his strayed off. So he
considered within himself, ā€œShall I seek that ox, or shall I go and hear
the Law?ā€ And he came to the following conclusion, ā€œI will first seek
that ox and then go and hear the Law.ā€ Accordingly, early in the
morning, he set out to seek his ox.The residents of Āįø·avi provided seats
for the Congregation of Monks presided over by the Buddha, served them
with food, and after the meal took the Teacherā€™s bowl, that he might
pronounce the words of thanksgiving. Said the Teacher, ā€œHe for whose
sake I came hither a journey of thirty leagues has gone into the forest
to seek his ox which was lost. Not until he returns, will I preach the
Law.ā€ And he held his peace.While it was still day, that poor man found
his ox and straightway drove the ox back to the herd. Then he thought to
himself, ā€œEven if I can do nothing else, I will at least pay my
respects to the Teacher.ā€ Accordingly, although he was oppressed with
the pangs of hunger, he decided not to go home, but went quickly to the
Teacher, and having paid obeisance to the Teacher, sat down respectfully
on one side. When the poor man came and stood before the Teacher, the
Teacher said to the steward of the alms, ā€œIs there any food remaining
over and above to the Congregation of Monks?ā€ ā€œReverend Sir, the food
has not been touched.ā€ ā€œWell then, serve this poor man with food.ā€ So
when the steward had provided that poor man with a seat in a place
indicated by the Teacher, he served him dutifully with rice-porridge and
other food, both hard and soft. When the poor man had eaten his meal,
he rinsed his mouth.(We are told that with this single exception there
is no other instance on record in the Three Piį¹­akas {3.263} of the
Tathāgataā€™s having thus inquired about the supply of food.) As soon as
the poor manā€™s physical sufferings had been relieved, his mind became
tranquil. Then the Teacher preached the Law in orderly sequence,
expounding one after another the Four Noble Truths. At the conclusion of
the lesson, the poor man was established in the Fruit of Conversion.

Then
the Teacher pronounced the words of thanksgiving, and having so done,
arose from his seat and departed. The multitude accompanied him a little
way and then turned back.The monks who accompanied the Teacher were
highly indignant and said, ā€œJust consider, brethren, what the Teacher
did. Nothing of the sort ever happened before. But to-day, seeing a
certain poor man, the Teacher inquired about the supply of food and
directed that food to be given to another.ā€ The Teacher turned around,
stopped, [30.76] and said, ā€œMonks, what are you saying?ā€ When he heard
what they were saying, he said to them, ā€œIt is even so, monks. When I
came hither a journey of thirty leagues, a long and difficult journey,
my sole reason for coming hither was the fact that I saw that this lay
disciple possessed the faculties requisite for the attainment of the
Fruit of Conversion. Early in the morning, oppressed with the pangs of
hunger, this man went to the forest and spent the day in the forest
seeking his ox which was lost.

Therefore I thought to myself, ā€˜If
I preach the Law to this man while he is suffering from the pangs of
hunger, he will not be able to comprehend it.ā€™ Therefore was it that I
did what I did. Monks, there is no affliction like the affliction of
hunger.ā€ So saying, he pronounced the following Stanza,203.

Hunger is the greatest of afflictions; the Aggregates of Being are the principal source of suffering;

If a man thoroughly understand this, he has attained Nibbāna, Supreme Happiness.

Fear

What do Matteyya Awakened One with Awareness
quotes teach us about fear?

Trade your fear for freedom.

ā€œEven death is not to be feared by one who has lived wisely.ā€

ā€œThe whole secret of existence is to have no fear.

Never fear what will become of you, depend on no one. Only the moment you reject all help are you freed.ā€
 
ā€œWhen
one has the feeling of dislike for evil, when one feels tranquil, one
finds pleasure in listening to good teachings; when one has these
feelings and appreciates them, one is free of fear.

ā€Pain is a Gift
 Instead of avoiding it,
 Learn to embrace it.
 Without pain,
 there is no growthā€Friends

https://tricycle.org/magazine/buddhist-food-cupcake/

Give people time.
Give people space.
Donā€™t beg anyone to stay.
Let them roam.Whatā€™s meant for you will
always be yours.

Happiness, Sukha Vagga

 The Buddha feeds the Hungry

Hunger is the greatest of afflictions; the Aggregates of Being are the principal source of suffering;
If a man thoroughly understand this, he has attained Nibbāna, Supreme Happiness.

 Lord Buddha’s Ideals Have Solutions To Challenges Faced By World Today.

The eight-fold path of Lord Buddha shows the way towards the well-being of societies and nations.

Maį¹‡imēkalai , ā€œjewelled belt, girdle of gemsā€
received a magic Atchaya Pathiram
(begging bowl) , which always gets filled.

Akshaya pathram Manimegalai the follower of Awakened One with Awareness said that
 ā€œHunger is the worst kind of  illness.ā€
ā€œThe whole secret of existence is to have no fear.ā€

There is no fire like passion
No crime like hatred,
No sorrow like separation,
No sickness like hunger,
And no joy like the joy of freedom.
Gautama Buddha

Zen famously says: when hungry, eat; when tired, sleep.
But all things in moderation - as the Buddha discovered in time to avoid starving to death.

Manimekalai
converted the prison into a hospice to help the needy, teaches the king
the dhamma of the Buddha. In the final five cantos of the epic.

Buddhist teachers recite Four Noble Truths, Twelve Nidanas and other ideas to her.

Volunteers
must become full-time members to fullfill the vision & aspiration
of his spiritual Manimekala Akshya Pathram. Must be committed to the
cause currently and involve in strategy, growth, and governance of
Akshaya Patra.

The journey so far and what the future holds in
the mission to end hunger for children and adults in the world.
Technology must be  used in mass production for the fantastic results.
Other initiatives of the Akshaya Patra must help children and adults
from underprivileged backgrounds achieve their dreams.

All the
Governments all over the world allot funds for the governance of Akshaya
Patra and order all the vans used by postal department, police vans to
supply provisions, vegetables and food in edible food packs till all the
curfews are removed.

The state-of-the-art kitchens must become a subject of study and attract curious visitors from around the world.

Partnership
with the Governments all over the world,India and various State
Governments, along with the persistent support from corporates,
individual donors, and well-wishers have to help
Manimekali Akshya Pathram to serve millions of underprevilaged children and adults.

Picture a life in which your every waking moment is spent searching for food.

Your belly is distended and your limbs are emaciated like a starving
childā€™s. Your hunger is ceaseless and painful, but your throat is no
wider
than the eye of a needle. When you find food, you canā€™t swallow it. Not
even a bite. The hunger persists, and your search continues.
Such is the fate of pretas in Buddhist traditionā€”the hungry ghosts.
These
poor souls were reborn this way because in past lives they were driven
by desire, greed, anger, and ignorance. While you might find yourself
checking a few of these boxes on any given day, in Buddhism you have to
take such vices to the extreme to end up with such a tortured
existenceā€”like committing murder in a jealous rage. So no need to panic.
 

Itā€™s a tradition in many Asian cultures to leave offerings of
food for the hungry ghosts. But this doesnā€™t really help. It turns out
these ghosts arenā€™t really searching for food.

Or they are, but
their search is misguided. Hunger for the ghosts has nothing to do with
food, and everything to do with what they did in their previous time on
earth. Thereā€™s plenty of food for them, but they canā€™t eat it. Like
every religious parable, thereā€™s an important lesson here: itā€™s not food
they really need.

Back here in the human realm, we still look to
food to do much more than nourish our bodies and satisfy our hunger. We
turn to food in times of great joy and great sadness. When something
wonderful happens, we celebrate with a dinner out. We drink champagne,
we eat cake, we splurge on nice meals. Food becomes part of the
rejoicing.

 And the opposite is true, too. Thereā€™s a long
tradition of providing food to those who are grieving. We band together
to provide meals to friends in crisisā€”you may, at some point in your
life, have signed up on a spreadsheet or email thread to bring meals to
someone mourning, someone recovering, someone struggling. In times of
sadness, we instinctively want to provide comfort in a tangible way. And
very often, we do that with food.Food is there for all of itā€”the good
times and the bad. And to some extent, it makes sense. Itā€™s fun to go
out and celebrate a raise, an anniversary, or a graduation. And it feels
right that when people are truly suffering, the last thing they should
worry about is putting together a meal. In these moments of tragedy or
triumph, food is a worthy and welcome ally.

The problem comes when we use food to comfort and reward ourselves when the stakes are much, much lower. Finally
I got the kids to sleep, now I can eat those cookies Iā€™ve been eyeing.
That
big meeting today was a mess, time for a big glass of wine. These
mundane highs and lows are challenging. But they are not worthy of great
sadness or great celebration. Or, really, food.

UN News

 Over 820 million people suffering from hunger; new UN report reveals stubborn realities of ā€˜immenseā€™ global challenge.

Fear

What do Matteyya Awakened One with Awareness
quotes teach us about fear?

Trade your fear for freedom.

ā€œEven death is not to be feared by one who has lived wisely.ā€

ā€œThe whole secret of existence is to have no fear.

Never fear what will become of you, depend on no one. Only the moment you reject all help are you freed.ā€

ā€œWhen
one has the feeling of dislike for evil, when one feels tranquil, one
finds pleasure in listening to good teachings; when one has these
feelings and appreciates them, one is free of fear.

ā€Pain is a Gift
Instead of avoiding it,
Learn to embrace it.
Without pain,
there is no growthā€

As
the world fights extraordinary challenges, their lasting solutions can
come from the ideals of Lord Buddha. In his first sermon at Sarnath,
Lord Buddha referred to hope and purpose. For Lord Buddha, it was the
removal of human suffering.

We have to rise to the occasion and do whatever we can to increase hope among people.

If You Give a Buddhist a Cupcake
tricycle.org
If You Give a Buddhist a Cupcakeā€¦
An excerpt from Tara Cottrell and Dan Zigmond’s new book Buddha



https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01295-8
Nature


Hopes rise for coronavirus drug remdesivir
Despite conflicting studies, results from largest trial yet show the
antiviral speeds up recovery, putting it on track to become a standard
of care in the United States.
nature.com
1 m 
Shared with Your friends
Friends

Hopes rise for coronavirus drug remdesivir
Despite
conflicting studies, results from largest trial yet show the antiviral
speeds up recovery, putting it on track to become a standard of care in
the United States.
Heidi Ledford
A patient at the intensive care unit receives treatment from two hospital workers in Hefei, China
Coronavirus causes severe respiratory illness in some people.Credit: Zhang Yazi/China News Service via Getty
An
experimental drug ā€” and one of the worldā€™s best hopes for treating
COVID-19 ā€” could shorten the time to recovery from coronavirus
infection, according to the largest and most rigorous clinical trial of
the compound yet. On 1 May, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
granted an ā€˜emergency use authorizationā€™ for clinicians to use the drug,
called remdesivir, which is administered intravenously, in hospitals
for people with severe COVID-19.
Remdesivir
interferes with the replication of some viruses, including SARS-CoV-2,
which is responsible for the current pandemic. On 29 April, Anthony
Fauci, director of the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases (NIAID), announced that a clinical trial in more than 1,000
people had showed that those taking remdesivir recovered in 11 days on
average, compared with 15 days for those on a placebo.
ā€œAlthough
a 31% improvement doesnā€™t seem like a knockout 100%, it is a very
important proof of concept,ā€ Fauci said. ā€œWhat it has proven is that a
drug can block this virus.ā€
There
were also fewer deaths among trial participants who received the drug,
he said, but that trend was not statistically significant. The shortened
recovery time, however, was significant, and was enough of a benefit
that investigators decided to stop the trial early, he said, to ensure
that those participants who were receiving placebo could now access the
drug. Fauci added that remdesivir would become a standard treatment for
COVID-19. The FDAā€™s authorization is not a final drug approval, and can
be revoked when the conditions required for emergency use are no longer
in effect. Distribution of the drug in the United States will be under
government control.
Rollercoaster ride
The
news comes after weeks of data leaks and on a day of mixed results from
clinical trials of the drug. The drugā€™s maker, Gilead Sciences of
Foster City, California, announced on the same day that in its own
trial, more than half of 400 participants with severe COVID-19 had
recovered from their illness within two weeks of receiving treatment.
But the study lacked a placebo-controlled arm, making the results
difficult to interpret. Also on 29 April, a smaller trial run in China
announced that it had found1 no benefits from remdesivir when compared
with a placebo. But that trial was stopped early owing to difficulty in
enrolling participants as the outbreak subsided in China. Nevertheless,
onlookers are hopeful that the large NIAID trial provides the first
glimmer of promise in a race to find a drug that works against the
coronavirus, which has infected more than three million people
worldwide.
ā€œThere
is a lot of focus on remdesivir because itā€™s potentially the best shot
we have,ā€ says virologist Stephen Griffin at the University of Leeds,
UK.
Small trials
Fast-flowing,
conflicting information on remdesivir in the past few weeks has left
people reeling. In the rush to find therapies to combat COVID-19, small
clinical trials without control groups have been common. ā€œIā€™m just very
annoyed by all of these non-controlled studies,ā€ says Geoffrey Porges, a
biotechnology analyst for the investment bank SVB Leerink in New York
City. ā€œItā€™s reassuring that 50ā€“60% of patients are discharged from the
hospital, but this is a disease that mostly gets better anyway.ā€
With
so much uncertainty, the remdesivir-watchers were waiting anxiously for
final results from the NIAID trial, which were not expected until the
end of May. In lieu of a vaccine, which could still be more than a year
away, effective therapies are crucial in reducing deaths and limiting
economic damage from the pandemic. Yet, despite the flood of small
clinical trials, no therapy has been convincingly shown to boost
survival in people with COVID-19.
The
NIAID results put a new sheen on remdesivir.The NIAID did not release
detailed safety data. The study in China found no significant difference
between remdesivir and placebo in the frequency of adverse events, but
12% of people who received remdesivir dropped out of the study due to
side effects including nausea and cardiopulmonary failure, compared to
only 5% on placebo.
ā€œIt
may not be the wonder drug that everyoneā€™s looking for, but if you can
stop some patients from becoming critically ill, thatā€™s good enough,ā€
says Griffin.
Fauci
said the finding reminded him of the discovery in the 1980s that the
drug AZT helped to combat HIV infection. The first randomized,
controlled clinical trial showed only a modest improvement, he said, but
researchers continued to build on that success, eventually developing
highly effective therapies.
Remdesivir
works by gumming up an enzyme that some viruses, including SARS-CoV-2,
use to replicate. In February, researchers showed2 that the drug reduces
viral infection in human cells grown in a laboratory.
Gilead
began to ramp up production of remdesivir well before the NIAID results
came out. By the end of March, the company had produced enough to treat
30,000 patients. And by streamlining its manufacturing process and
finding new sources of raw materials, Gilead announced, it hopes to
produce enough remdesivir to treat more than one million people by the
end of the year.
That
calculation was based on the assumption that people would take the drug
for ten days, but the results announced from Gileadā€™s trial on 29 April
suggest that a five-day course of treatment could work just as well. If
so, that would effectively double the number of people who could be
treated, says Porges.
Many drugs needed
In
the long term, clinicians will probably want a bevy of antiviral drugs ā€”
with different ways of disabling the virus ā€” in their arsenal, says
Timothy Sheahan, a virologist at the University of North Carolina in
Chapel Hill, who has teamed up with Gilead researchers to study
remdesivir. ā€œThere is always the potential for antiviral resistance,ā€ he
says. ā€œAnd to hedge against that potential, itā€™s good to have not only a
first-line, but also a second-, third-, fourth-, fifth-line antiviral.ā€
Researchers
are furiously testing a wide range of therapies, but early results,
although not yet definitive, have not been encouraging. The malaria
drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, both of which have
anti-inflammatory effects, drew so much attention from physicians and
the public that some countries have depleted their supplies of the
drugs. Yet studies in humans have failed to show a consistent benefit,
and some have highlighted the risks posed by side effects of the drugs
that affect the heart.
Early
interest in a mix of two HIV drugs called lopinavir and ritonavir
flagged when a clinical trial in nearly 200 people did not find any
benefit of the mix for those with severe COVID-193. Another promising
therapeutic hypothesis ā€” that inhibiting the action of an immune-system
regulator called IL-6 could reduce the serious inflammation seen in some
people with severe COVID-19 ā€” has met with mixed results thus far.
Still,
a host of other therapies are being tested in people, and many
researchers are hunting for new drugs at the bench. Sheahan and his
colleagues have found4 a compound that is active against SARS-CoV-2 and
other coronaviruses, including a remdesivir-resistant variant of a
coronavirus, when tested in laboratory-grown human cells.
But
much more testing would be needed before the compound could be tried in
people. ā€œWhat weā€™re doing now will hopefully have an impact on the
current pandemic,ā€ he says. ā€œBut maybe more importantly, it could
position us to better respond more quickly in the future.ā€
doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-01295-8
Updates & Corrections
Update 04 May 2020: This story has been updated to note that on 1
May US regulatory authorities granted remdesivir ā€˜emergency useā€™
authorization for use in people with severe COVID-19.
References
1.
Wang, Y. et al. Lancet https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9 (2020).


https://www.webmd.com/lung/covid-treatment-home-hospital#1



Friends


Coronavirus (COVID-19) Treatment
The
most common symptoms of COVID-19 are a fever, coughing, and breathing
problems. Unless you have severe symptoms, you can most likely treat
them at home, the way you would for a cold or the flu. Most people
recover from COVID-19 without the need for hospital care. Call your
doctor to ask about whether you should stay home or get medical care in
person.
Scientists
are trying to make new medicines and test some existing drugs to see
whether they can treat COVID-19. In the meantime, there are a number of
things that can relieve symptoms, both at home and at the hospital. a
number of things can relieve symptoms, both at home and at the hospital.
At-Home Coronavirus Treatment
If your symptoms are mild enough that you can recover at home, you should:
Rest. It can make you feel better and may speed your recovery.
Stay home. Don’t go to work, school, or public places.
Drink fluids. You lose more water when you’re sick. Dehydration can make symptoms worse and cause other health problems.

Monitor. If your symptoms get worse, call your doctor right away.
Don’t go to their office without calling first. They might tell you to
stay home, or they may need to take extra steps to protect staff and
other patients.
Ask your doctor about over-the-counter medicines that may help, like acetaminophen to lower your fever.
The
most important thing to do is to avoid infecting other people,
especially those who are over 65 or who have other health problems.
That means:
Try to stay in one place in your home. Use a separate bedroom and bathroom if you can.
Tell others you’re sick so they keep their distance.
Cover your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow.
Wear a mask over your nose and mouth if you can.
Wash regularly, especially your hands.
Don’t share dishes, cups, eating utensils, towels, or bedding with anyone else.
Clean and disinfect common surfaces like doorknobs, counters, and tabletops.
What to expect
Symptoms
begin 2 to 14 days after you come into contact with the virus. Early
studies show that many people who have mild infections recover within 2
weeks. More severe cases tend to last 3 to 6 weeks.
Talk
to your doctor about how long you should isolate yourself if you have
symptoms. CDC guidelines say you can leave isolation when all of these
are true:
You havenā€™t had a fever for 3 days.
Your respiratory symptoms, such as coughing or shortness of breath, are better.
Itā€™s been at least 10 days since your symptoms began OR you have two negative COVID-19 tests 24 hours apart.
How do you know if your symptoms are getting worse?
Get medical care right away if you begin to have:
Trouble breathing
Pain or pressure in your chest
Confusion or severe drowsiness
A blue tint to your lips or face
Coronavirus Treatment in a Hospital
You
don’t need to go to the hospital or ER if you have basic COVID-19
symptoms, like a mild fever or cough. If you do, many hospitals will
send you home.
If
your case is severe, members of the medical staff will check for signs
that the illness is causing more serious problems. They might:
Check the levels of oxygen in your blood with a clip-on finger monitor
Listen to your lungs
Give you a COVID-19 test. This involves putting a 6-inch cotton swab up both sides of your nose for about 15 seconds.
Give you a chest X-ray or CT scan
You
may get extra oxygen through two small tubes that go just inside your
nostrils. In very serious cases, doctors will connect you to a machine
that can breathe for you, called a ventilator.
You
may also get fluids through a tube, or IV, in your arm to keep you from
getting dehydrated. Doctors will also closely monitor your breathing.
The goal is for your infection to run its course and for your lungs to
heal enough that they can breathe on their own again.
Your doctor might give you medication to thin your blood and prevent clots.
If
you take drugs such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors,
angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or statins for other health
problems, your doctor will tell you to continue them as usual.
Many
clinical trials are underway to explore treatments used for other
conditions that could fight COVID-19 and to develop new ones.
People
who are in the hospital with severe COVID-19 may get an antiviral
medicine called remdesivir. Research shows that some patients recover
faster after taking it. Remdesivir was created to fight Ebola, but the
FDA has issued an emergency use ruling so doctors can use it against
COVID-19.
The
FDA is also allowing clinical trials and hospital use of blood plasma
from people who’ve recovered from COVID-19 in order to help patients
with severe or life-threatening cases. You’ll hear this called
convalescent plasma.
Clinical
trials are under way for other medications, including tocilizumab,
which has been used to treat autoimmune conditions and an inflammatory
condition called cytokine release syndrome.
The
FDA had issued an emergency ruling so doctors could use
hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine to treat people who are hospitalized
with COVID-19. But the agency revoked the ruling amid serious concerns
about their safety. The World Health Organization stopped trials of
hydroxychloroquine, and France banned its use against COVID-19. The
medications are approved to treat malaria and autoimmune conditions like
rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
One
study found that dexamethasone, a common steroid medication, can help
people who are hospitalized with severe COVID-19 complications. But the
findings are preliminary, and the researchers havenā€™t released the full
study.

webmd.com

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Treatment
Most
people can treat COVID-19 symptoms at home, but some people will need
hospital care. Find out what treatment involves for both scenarios.


    

Leave a Reply