Hong Kong and Overseas Chinese Areas
53) Classical Japanese-古典的なイタリア語,
106) Classical Turkish-Klasik Türk,
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Nibbāna) is “blowing out” or “quenching” of the activities of the worldly mind and its related suffering
Nibbāna is the goal of the Buddhist path, and marks the soteriological release from worldly suffering and rebirths in saṃsāra.
Nibbāna is part of the Third Truth on “cessation of dukkha” in the Four Noble Truths, and the “summum bonum of Buddhism and goal of the Eightfold Path.
In the Buddhist tradition, Nibbāna has commonly been interpreted as the extinction of the “three fires”, or “three poisons”, greed (raga), aversion (dvesha) and ignorance (moha).When these fires are extinguished, release from the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra) is attained.
Nibbāna has also been claimed by some scholars to be identical with anatta (non-self) and sunyata
(emptiness) states though this is hotly contested by other scholars and
practicing monks. In time, with the development of the Buddhist
doctrine, other interpretations were given, such as the absence of the
weaving (vana) of activity of the mind, the elimination of desire, and
escape from the woods, cq. the five skandhas or aggregates.
Buddhist scholastic tradition identifies two types of Nibbāna: sopadhishesa-Nibbāna (Nibbāna with a remainder), and pariNibbāna or anupadhishesa-nirvana (Nibbāna without remainder, or final Nibbāna). The founder of Buddhism, the Buddha, is believed to have reached both these states.
Nibbāna, or the liberation from cycles of rebirth, is the highest aim of the Theravada tradition. In the Mahayana tradition, the highest goal is Buddhahood, in which there is no abiding in Nibbāna. Buddha helps liberate beings from saṃsāra
by teaching the Buddhist path. There is no rebirth for Buddha or people
who attain Nibbāna. But his teachings remain in the world for a certain
time as a guidance to attain Nibbāna.
Lab
Mental Development-
6) Right Effort(Sammaa-vaayaama)
6. Right Effort: Right Effort means endowing oneself with four sorts of striving:
1. Avoidance of evils not yet done;
2. Abandonment of evils already done;
3. Development of virtues not yet done;
4. Maintenance of virtues already mastered.