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35 -Sat 10 Apr 2021 LESSON 3638 Buddha-Sasana-Cross-fertilizationTaking Flight on Another Worldtechnology/helicopter/#Deployment-Buddhist Emperor Asoka
Cross-fertilization
Innovations
once introduced into individual traditions often spread laterally from
one tradition to another, much as a dance craze or a disease, such as
the Jitterbug, the Macarena or the Spanish flu, readily jumps over
national borders. The Jataka tales, stories of the previous lives of the
Buddha, originated (with a couple of exceptions) in the centuries after
the Buddha, at least partially under the cross-breeding influence of
non-Buddhist traditions, waltzing through Buddhist traditions so widely
that they can be regarded as part of the common heritage of all of
Buddhism. The parallel development of various Abhidharmas are indicative
of a form of cross-fertilization, a kind of Buddhist Foxtrot, that also
encompassed schools of Brahmanism, particularly by the second century
BCE the highly categorialVaiśeṣika school, andprobably came under the
influence of the early Indian grammarians.57
once introduced into individual traditions often spread laterally from
one tradition to another, much as a dance craze or a disease, such as
the Jitterbug, the Macarena or the Spanish flu, readily jumps over
national borders. The Jataka tales, stories of the previous lives of the
Buddha, originated (with a couple of exceptions) in the centuries after
the Buddha, at least partially under the cross-breeding influence of
non-Buddhist traditions, waltzing through Buddhist traditions so widely
that they can be regarded as part of the common heritage of all of
Buddhism. The parallel development of various Abhidharmas are indicative
of a form of cross-fertilization, a kind of Buddhist Foxtrot, that also
encompassed schools of Brahmanism, particularly by the second century
BCE the highly categorialVaiśeṣika school, andprobably came under the
influence of the early Indian grammarians.57
Similarly,
the Mahayana Jitterbug spread readily from one pre-Mahayana sect to
another, as most scholars now agree. As a result, within a single
Sarvastivada or even early Theravada monastery some monks would take to
this new craze and others would not. This apparently entailed little
discord, since the Vinaya, historically much less susceptible to the
effects of cross- fertilization or evolution than the Dharma, tended to
ensure harmonious relations within sanghas. However, the incipient craze
may have been nipped in the bud in Sri Lanka through the intervention
of King Voharikatissa in the early third century.58 But throughout much
of the Buddhist world this was a craze that was here to stay and
gradually some devotees began to self-identify as Mahayanists, even
though a self-identified Mahayana monastery would not exist in India
until relatively late, and the earliest inscriptions that make use of
the word “Mahayana” date from the sixth century CE.
the Mahayana Jitterbug spread readily from one pre-Mahayana sect to
another, as most scholars now agree. As a result, within a single
Sarvastivada or even early Theravada monastery some monks would take to
this new craze and others would not. This apparently entailed little
discord, since the Vinaya, historically much less susceptible to the
effects of cross- fertilization or evolution than the Dharma, tended to
ensure harmonious relations within sanghas. However, the incipient craze
may have been nipped in the bud in Sri Lanka through the intervention
of King Voharikatissa in the early third century.58 But throughout much
of the Buddhist world this was a craze that was here to stay and
gradually some devotees began to self-identify as Mahayanists, even
though a self-identified Mahayana monastery would not exist in India
until relatively late, and the earliest inscriptions that make use of
the word “Mahayana” date from the sixth century CE.
With
the Mahayana movement and with the rise of scholarship at large
monastic institutions, Sanskrit by default became the common language of
Buddhism in northern India in support of a broader dissemination and
livelier interchange of ideas. Meanwhile the southern lands of Sri Lanka
and adjacent areas of Southern India, somewhat isolated removed from
this rich intellectual world of Northern India geographically and
linguistically, had fewer opportunities for cross-fertilization.
the Mahayana movement and with the rise of scholarship at large
monastic institutions, Sanskrit by default became the common language of
Buddhism in northern India in support of a broader dissemination and
livelier interchange of ideas. Meanwhile the southern lands of Sri Lanka
and adjacent areas of Southern India, somewhat isolated removed from
this rich intellectual world of Northern India geographically and
linguistically, had fewer opportunities for cross-fertilization.
As
China seems to have fallen heir to much of what was published in
Northern India in the first millennium CE, the Chinese took a particular
selective interest in the Mahayana teachings and much of the
philosophical thought that continued to flow out of the Indian
universities. Due to the tenuous communication between India and China,
Chinese Buddhists, anxious to gain access to additional Buddhist texts,
dispatched a series of pilgrims, fifty-four that we know about between
the third and the eleventh century, to make the perilous journey over
the Silk Road back into India to learn Indian languages, to acquire
texts and to have a look around.61 In China major translation projects
were set up to make these texts accessible, often headed by Indian or
Central Asian scholar-monks who had ventured into Chinese territory.
China seems to have fallen heir to much of what was published in
Northern India in the first millennium CE, the Chinese took a particular
selective interest in the Mahayana teachings and much of the
philosophical thought that continued to flow out of the Indian
universities. Due to the tenuous communication between India and China,
Chinese Buddhists, anxious to gain access to additional Buddhist texts,
dispatched a series of pilgrims, fifty-four that we know about between
the third and the eleventh century, to make the perilous journey over
the Silk Road back into India to learn Indian languages, to acquire
texts and to have a look around.61 In China major translation projects
were set up to make these texts accessible, often headed by Indian or
Central Asian scholar-monks who had ventured into Chinese territory.
hybrids
of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, with Confucianism dictating
ethical norms, with Taoism harmonizing and naturalizing and with
Buddhism working on mental cultivation. Ch’an/Zen, for instance,
exhibits all three influences. From China a Sinicized Buddhism would
penetrate the remaining chopstick-wielding world: Korea, Japan and
Vietnam.
of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, with Confucianism dictating
ethical norms, with Taoism harmonizing and naturalizing and with
Buddhism working on mental cultivation. Ch’an/Zen, for instance,
exhibits all three influences. From China a Sinicized Buddhism would
penetrate the remaining chopstick-wielding world: Korea, Japan and
Vietnam.
What
of the fragile flower that once thrived on the slopes of the lush
Ganges Valley in ancient times? How have its descendants fared in the
thin soil on the Steppes of Central Asia? Have they endured the harsh
winters of northern China or Mongolia? Do they still blossom as
brightly? Or has the whirlwind of Buddhist history scattered their
petals and uprooted them? Has the Sasana survived in its full integrity
and authenticity?
of the fragile flower that once thrived on the slopes of the lush
Ganges Valley in ancient times? How have its descendants fared in the
thin soil on the Steppes of Central Asia? Have they endured the harsh
winters of northern China or Mongolia? Do they still blossom as
brightly? Or has the whirlwind of Buddhist history scattered their
petals and uprooted them? Has the Sasana survived in its full integrity
and authenticity?
#SMB BUDDHA SASANA# MAGHAPUJA#
SMB BUDDHA SASANA JAYA BUNENG BLITAR
133 subscribers
#SMB BUDDHA SASANA#VIHARA BUDDHA SASANA JAYA#BLITAR#
youtube.com
#SMB BUDDHA SASANA# MAGHAPUJA#
#SMB BUDDHA SASANA#VIHARA BUDDHA SASANA JAYA#BLITAR#
https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/#Deployment
https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/#
Retired as Senior Manager from
Aircraft Research and Design Center (ARDC) HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics
Ltd. Bengaluru, India. Designed 100 seat aircraft using Integrated
Product Development concept. Earlier worked in all the four line
services. repaired, serviced and overhauled all instruments of aircraft.
With such an experience wish to be part of all activities of NASA
including the Moon, Saturn and MARS landing.
Quick Facts
| Name | Ingenuity |
| Main Job | A technology demonstration to test the first powered flight on Mars. The helicopter rode to Mars attached to the belly of the Perseverance rover. |
| Launch | July 30, 2020, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida |
| Landed | Feb. 18, 2021, Jezero Crater, Mars |
| Length of Mission | A 30-day period, with one or more test flights |
| Fact Sheet | Press Kit | |
Taking Flight on Another World
The
Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, is a technology demonstration to test
powered flight on another world for the first time. It hitched a ride to
Mars on the Perseverance rover.
Once the rover reaches a suitable “helipad” location, it will release
Ingenuity to perform a series of test flights over a 30-Martian-day
experimental window beginning in early April.
For the first
flight, the helicopter will take off a few feet from the ground, hover
in the air for about 20 to 30 seconds, and land. That will be a major
milestone: the very first powered flight in the extremely thin
atmosphere of Mars. After that, the team will attempt additional
experimental flights of incrementally farther distance and greater
altitude. After the helicopter completes its technology demonstration,
Perseverance will continue its scientific mission.
Watch Online
Tune in on Monday, April 12 at 12:30 a.m. PDT / 3:30 a.m. EDT
Live Broadcast: Mars Helicopter First Test Flight Results
A livestream confirming Ingenuity’s first flight is targeted to begin
around 3:30 a.m. EDT Monday, April 12, on NASA Television.
Latest News
April 8, 2021BLOG | When Should Ingenuity Fly?
Upcoming Events
| Date | Title | Channel | Can I ask questions? |
| April 12 12:30 a.m. PDT / 3:30 a.m. EDT |
Live Broadcast: Mars Helicopter First Test Flight Results Channels that will carry the live broadcast include: YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Twitch, and NASA App. |
Watch on YouTube NASA |
Ask questions via #MarsHelicopter |
| April 12 8 a.m. PDT / 11 a.m. EDT |
News Briefing: Mars Helicopter Post-Flight Channels that will carry the live broadcast include: YouTube and Facebook. |
Watch on YouTube NASA JPL |
Ask questions via #MarsHelicopter |
| April 15 1 p.m. PDT / 4 p.m. EDT |
Taking Flight: How Girls Can Grow Up to be Engineers - Chart Your Path! | Join Webinar NASA JPL |
Ask questions via chat |
| April 22 1 p.m. PDT / 4 p.m. EDT |
Taking Flight: How Girls Can Grow Up to be Engineers - Find Internships and Other Opportunities | Join Webinar NASA JPL |
Ask questions via chat |
| April 29 1 p.m. PDT / 4 p.m. EDT |
Taking Flight: How Girls Can Grow Up to be Engineers - Get Your Ideas Off the Ground! | Join Webinar NASA JPL |
Ask questions via chat |
*Schedule is preliminary and subject to changes. All news briefings will be broadcast and streamed on NASA TV and this page.
Activities for Kids
Images
Meet the Martians
Meet some of the team members behind the Ingenuity helicopter
Birth: 304 B.C.
Birthplace: Pataliputra (modern day Patna)
Dynasty: Maurya
Parents: Bindusara and Devi Dharma
Reign: 268 –232 B.C.
Symbol: Lion
Religion: Buddhism
Spouse: Asandhimitra, Devi, Karuvaki, Padmavati, Tishyaraksha
Children: Mahendra, Sanghamitra, Tivala, Kunala, Charumati
Ashoka
was the third ruler of the illustrious Maurya dynasty and was one of
the most powerful kings of the Indian subcontinent in ancient times. His
reign between 273 BC and 232 B.C. was one of the most prosperous
periods in the history of India. Ashoka’s empire consisted most of
India, South Asia and beyond, stretching from present day Afghanistan
and parts of Persia in the west, to Bengal and Assam in the east, and
Mysore in the south. Buddhist literature document Ashoka as a cruel and
ruthless monarch who underwent a change of heart after experiencing a
particularly gruesome war, the Battle of Kalinga. After the war, he
embraced Buddhism and dedicated his life towards dissemination of the
tenets of the religion. He became a benevolent king, driving his
administration to make a just and bountiful environment for his
subjects. Owing to his benevolent nature as a ruler, he was given the
title ‘Devanampriya Priyadarshi’. Ashoka and his glorious rule is
associated with one of the most prosperous time in the history of India
and as a tribute to his non-partisan philosophies, the Dharma Chakra
adorning the Ashok stambh has been made a part of the Indian National
Flag. The emblem of the Republic of India has been adapted from the Lion
Capital of Ashoka.
was the third ruler of the illustrious Maurya dynasty and was one of
the most powerful kings of the Indian subcontinent in ancient times. His
reign between 273 BC and 232 B.C. was one of the most prosperous
periods in the history of India. Ashoka’s empire consisted most of
India, South Asia and beyond, stretching from present day Afghanistan
and parts of Persia in the west, to Bengal and Assam in the east, and
Mysore in the south. Buddhist literature document Ashoka as a cruel and
ruthless monarch who underwent a change of heart after experiencing a
particularly gruesome war, the Battle of Kalinga. After the war, he
embraced Buddhism and dedicated his life towards dissemination of the
tenets of the religion. He became a benevolent king, driving his
administration to make a just and bountiful environment for his
subjects. Owing to his benevolent nature as a ruler, he was given the
title ‘Devanampriya Priyadarshi’. Ashoka and his glorious rule is
associated with one of the most prosperous time in the history of India
and as a tribute to his non-partisan philosophies, the Dharma Chakra
adorning the Ashok stambh has been made a part of the Indian National
Flag. The emblem of the Republic of India has been adapted from the Lion
Capital of Ashoka.
Early Life
Ashoka
was born to Mauryan King Bindusara and his queen Devi Dharma in 304
B.C. He was the grandson of the great Chandragupta Maurya, the founder
emperor of the Maurya Dynasty. Dharma (alternatively known as
Subhadrangi or Janapadkalyani) was the daughter of a Brahmin priest from
the kindom of Champa, and was assigned relatively low position in the
royal household owing to politics therein. By virtue of his mother’s
position, Ashoka also received a low position among the princes. He had
only one younger sibling, Vithashoka, but, several elder half-brothers.
Right from his childhood days Ashoka showed great promise in the field
of weaponry skills as well as academics. Ashoka’s father Bindusara,
impressed with his skill and knowledge, appointed him as the Governer of
Avanti. Here he met and married Devi, the daughter of a tradesman from
Vidisha. Ashoka and Devi had two children, son Mahendra and daughter
Sanghamitra.
was born to Mauryan King Bindusara and his queen Devi Dharma in 304
B.C. He was the grandson of the great Chandragupta Maurya, the founder
emperor of the Maurya Dynasty. Dharma (alternatively known as
Subhadrangi or Janapadkalyani) was the daughter of a Brahmin priest from
the kindom of Champa, and was assigned relatively low position in the
royal household owing to politics therein. By virtue of his mother’s
position, Ashoka also received a low position among the princes. He had
only one younger sibling, Vithashoka, but, several elder half-brothers.
Right from his childhood days Ashoka showed great promise in the field
of weaponry skills as well as academics. Ashoka’s father Bindusara,
impressed with his skill and knowledge, appointed him as the Governer of
Avanti. Here he met and married Devi, the daughter of a tradesman from
Vidisha. Ashoka and Devi had two children, son Mahendra and daughter
Sanghamitra.
Asoka
quickly grew into an excellent warrior general and an astute statesman.
His command on the Mauryan army started growing day by day. Ashoka’s
elder brothers became jealous of him and they assumed him being favoured
by King Bindusara as his successor to the throne. King Bindusara’s
eldest son Sushima convinced his father to send Ashoka far away from the
capital city of Pataliputra to Takshashila province. The excuse given
was to subdue a revolt by the citizens of Takshashila. However, the
moment Ashoka reached the province, the militias welcomed him with open
arms and the uprising came to an end without any fight. This particular
success of Asoka made his elder brothers, especially Susima, more
insecure.
quickly grew into an excellent warrior general and an astute statesman.
His command on the Mauryan army started growing day by day. Ashoka’s
elder brothers became jealous of him and they assumed him being favoured
by King Bindusara as his successor to the throne. King Bindusara’s
eldest son Sushima convinced his father to send Ashoka far away from the
capital city of Pataliputra to Takshashila province. The excuse given
was to subdue a revolt by the citizens of Takshashila. However, the
moment Ashoka reached the province, the militias welcomed him with open
arms and the uprising came to an end without any fight. This particular
success of Asoka made his elder brothers, especially Susima, more
insecure.
Accession to the Throne
Susima
started inciting Bindusara against Ashoka, who was then sent into exile
by the emperor. Ashoka went to Kalinga, where he met a fisherwoman
named Kaurwaki. He fell in love with her and later, made Kaurwaki his
second or third wife. Soon, the province of Ujjain started witnessing a
violent uprising. Emperor Bindusara called back Ashoka from exile and
sent him to Ujjain. The prince was injured in the ensuing battle and was
treated by Buddhist monks and nuns. It was in Ujjain that Asoka first
came to know about the life and teachings of Buddha.
started inciting Bindusara against Ashoka, who was then sent into exile
by the emperor. Ashoka went to Kalinga, where he met a fisherwoman
named Kaurwaki. He fell in love with her and later, made Kaurwaki his
second or third wife. Soon, the province of Ujjain started witnessing a
violent uprising. Emperor Bindusara called back Ashoka from exile and
sent him to Ujjain. The prince was injured in the ensuing battle and was
treated by Buddhist monks and nuns. It was in Ujjain that Asoka first
came to know about the life and teachings of Buddha.
In
the following year, Bindusura became seriously ill and was literally on
his deathbed. Sushima was nominated successor by the king but his
autocratic nature made him unfavourable among the ministers. A group of
ministers, led by Radhagupta, called upon Ashoka to assume the crown.
Following Bindusara’s death in 272 B.C., Ashoka attacked Pataliputra,
defeated and killed all his brothers, including Sushima. Among all his
brothers he only spared his younger brother Vithashoka. His coronation
took place four years after his ascent to throne. Buddhist literatures
describe Ashoka as a cruel, ruthless and bad-tempered ruler. He was
named ‘Chanda’ Ashoka meaning Ashoka the Terrible, due to his
disposition at that time. He was attributed with building Ashoka’s Hell,
a torture chamber manned by an executioner to punish offenders.
the following year, Bindusura became seriously ill and was literally on
his deathbed. Sushima was nominated successor by the king but his
autocratic nature made him unfavourable among the ministers. A group of
ministers, led by Radhagupta, called upon Ashoka to assume the crown.
Following Bindusara’s death in 272 B.C., Ashoka attacked Pataliputra,
defeated and killed all his brothers, including Sushima. Among all his
brothers he only spared his younger brother Vithashoka. His coronation
took place four years after his ascent to throne. Buddhist literatures
describe Ashoka as a cruel, ruthless and bad-tempered ruler. He was
named ‘Chanda’ Ashoka meaning Ashoka the Terrible, due to his
disposition at that time. He was attributed with building Ashoka’s Hell,
a torture chamber manned by an executioner to punish offenders.
After
he became the empperor, Ashoka launched brutal assaults to expand his
empire, which lasted for around eight years. Although the Maurya Empire
that he inherited was quite sizable, he expanded the borders
exponentially. His kingdom stretched from Iran-Afghanistan borders in
the West to Burma in the east. He annexed the whole of Southern India
except Ceylon (modern day Sri Lanka). The only kingdom outside his grasp
was Kalinga which is the modern day Orissa.
he became the empperor, Ashoka launched brutal assaults to expand his
empire, which lasted for around eight years. Although the Maurya Empire
that he inherited was quite sizable, he expanded the borders
exponentially. His kingdom stretched from Iran-Afghanistan borders in
the West to Burma in the east. He annexed the whole of Southern India
except Ceylon (modern day Sri Lanka). The only kingdom outside his grasp
was Kalinga which is the modern day Orissa.
The Battle of Kalinga and Submission to Buddhism
Ashoka
launched an assault to conquer Kalinga during 265 B.C. and the battle
of Kalinga became a turning point in his life. Ashoka personally led the
conquest and secured victory. On his orders, the whole of province was
plundered, cities were destroyed and thousands of people were killed.
launched an assault to conquer Kalinga during 265 B.C. and the battle
of Kalinga became a turning point in his life. Ashoka personally led the
conquest and secured victory. On his orders, the whole of province was
plundered, cities were destroyed and thousands of people were killed.
The
morning after the victory he went out to survey the states of things
and encountered nothing except burnt houses and scattered corpses.
Having brought face to face with the consequences of war, for the first
time he felt overwhelmed with the brutality of his actions. He saw
flashes of the destruction that his conquest had wrought even after
returning to Pataliputra. He experienced an utter crisis of faith during
this period and sought penance for his past deeds. He vowed never to
practice violence again and devoted himself completely to Buddhism. He
followed the directives of Brahmin Buddhist gurus Radhaswami and
Manjushri and started propagating Buddhist principles throughout his
kingdom. Thus Chandashoka morphed into Dharmashoka or the pious Ashoka.
morning after the victory he went out to survey the states of things
and encountered nothing except burnt houses and scattered corpses.
Having brought face to face with the consequences of war, for the first
time he felt overwhelmed with the brutality of his actions. He saw
flashes of the destruction that his conquest had wrought even after
returning to Pataliputra. He experienced an utter crisis of faith during
this period and sought penance for his past deeds. He vowed never to
practice violence again and devoted himself completely to Buddhism. He
followed the directives of Brahmin Buddhist gurus Radhaswami and
Manjushri and started propagating Buddhist principles throughout his
kingdom. Thus Chandashoka morphed into Dharmashoka or the pious Ashoka.
Administration of Ashoka
The
administration of Ashoka after his spiritual transformation was focused
solely on the well-being of his subjects. The emperor was at the helm
of the administration following the established model put forward by
Mauryan Kings before Ashoka. He was closely assisted in his
administrative duties by his younger brother, Vithashoka and a group of
trusted ministers, whom Ashoka consulted before adopting any new
administrative policy. The most important members of this advisory
council included the Yuvaraj (Crown Prince), the Mahamantri (Prime
Minister), the Senapati (general), and the Purohita (priest). Asoka’s
reign saw introduction of a large number of benevolent policies as
compared to his predecessors. He adopted a paternalistic view on
administration and proclaimed “All men are my Children”, as evident from
the Kalinga edict. He also expressed his indebtedness to his subjects
for bestowing with their love and respect, and that he considered it his
duty to serve for their greater good.
administration of Ashoka after his spiritual transformation was focused
solely on the well-being of his subjects. The emperor was at the helm
of the administration following the established model put forward by
Mauryan Kings before Ashoka. He was closely assisted in his
administrative duties by his younger brother, Vithashoka and a group of
trusted ministers, whom Ashoka consulted before adopting any new
administrative policy. The most important members of this advisory
council included the Yuvaraj (Crown Prince), the Mahamantri (Prime
Minister), the Senapati (general), and the Purohita (priest). Asoka’s
reign saw introduction of a large number of benevolent policies as
compared to his predecessors. He adopted a paternalistic view on
administration and proclaimed “All men are my Children”, as evident from
the Kalinga edict. He also expressed his indebtedness to his subjects
for bestowing with their love and respect, and that he considered it his
duty to serve for their greater good.
His
kingdom was divided into Pradesha or provinces which were subdivided
into Vishyas or subdivisions and Janapadas, which were further
subdivided into villages.The five chief provinces under Ashoka’s reign
were the Uttarapatha(Northern Province) with its capital at Taxila;
Avantiratha (western province) with its headquarters at Ujjain;
Prachyapatha (eastern province) with its centre at Toshali and the
Dakshinapatha (southern province) with its capital as Suvarnagiri. The
central province, Magadha with its capital at Pataliputra was the
administrative centre of the empire. Each province was granted partial
autonomy at the hand of a crown prince who was responsible for
controlling the overall law enforcement, but the emperor himself
retained much of the financial and administrative controls. These
provincial heads were altered from time to time to prevent any one of
them exerting power over a long period of time. He appointed several
Pativedakas or reporters, who would report to him the general and public
affairs, leading the king to take necessary steps.
kingdom was divided into Pradesha or provinces which were subdivided
into Vishyas or subdivisions and Janapadas, which were further
subdivided into villages.The five chief provinces under Ashoka’s reign
were the Uttarapatha(Northern Province) with its capital at Taxila;
Avantiratha (western province) with its headquarters at Ujjain;
Prachyapatha (eastern province) with its centre at Toshali and the
Dakshinapatha (southern province) with its capital as Suvarnagiri. The
central province, Magadha with its capital at Pataliputra was the
administrative centre of the empire. Each province was granted partial
autonomy at the hand of a crown prince who was responsible for
controlling the overall law enforcement, but the emperor himself
retained much of the financial and administrative controls. These
provincial heads were altered from time to time to prevent any one of
them exerting power over a long period of time. He appointed several
Pativedakas or reporters, who would report to him the general and public
affairs, leading the king to take necessary steps.
Although
Ashoka built his empire on the principles of non-violence, he followed
the instructions outlined in the Arthashastra for the characters of the
Perfect King. He introduced legal reforms like Danda Samahara and
Vyavahara Samahara, clearly pointing out to his subjects the way of life
that is to be led by them. The overall judicial and administration were
overseen by Amatyas or civil servants whose functions were clearly
delineated by the Emperor. The Akshapataladhyaksha was in charge of
currency and accounts of the entire administration. The Akaradhyaksha
was in-charge of mining and other metallurgical endeavours. The
Sulkadhyaksa was in charge of collecting the taxes. The Panyadhyaksha
was controller of commerce. The Sitadhyaksha was in charge of
agriculture. The emperor employed a network of spies who offered him
tactical advantages in diplomatic matters. The administration conducted
regular census along with other information as caste and occupation.
Ashoka built his empire on the principles of non-violence, he followed
the instructions outlined in the Arthashastra for the characters of the
Perfect King. He introduced legal reforms like Danda Samahara and
Vyavahara Samahara, clearly pointing out to his subjects the way of life
that is to be led by them. The overall judicial and administration were
overseen by Amatyas or civil servants whose functions were clearly
delineated by the Emperor. The Akshapataladhyaksha was in charge of
currency and accounts of the entire administration. The Akaradhyaksha
was in-charge of mining and other metallurgical endeavours. The
Sulkadhyaksa was in charge of collecting the taxes. The Panyadhyaksha
was controller of commerce. The Sitadhyaksha was in charge of
agriculture. The emperor employed a network of spies who offered him
tactical advantages in diplomatic matters. The administration conducted
regular census along with other information as caste and occupation.
Religious Policy: Ashoka’s Dhamma
Ashoka
made Buddhism the state religion around 260 B.C. He was perhaps the
first emperor in history of India who tried to establish a Buddhist
polity by implementing the Dasa Raja Dharma or the ten precepts outlined
by Lord Buddha himself as the duty of a perfect ruler. They are
enumerated as:
made Buddhism the state religion around 260 B.C. He was perhaps the
first emperor in history of India who tried to establish a Buddhist
polity by implementing the Dasa Raja Dharma or the ten precepts outlined
by Lord Buddha himself as the duty of a perfect ruler. They are
enumerated as:
1.To be liberal and avoid selfishness
2. To maintain a high moral character
3. To be prepared to sacrifice one’s own pleasure for the well-being of the subjects
4. To be honest and maintain absolute integrity
5. To be kind and gentle
6. To lead a simple life for the subjects to emulate
7. To be free from hatred of any kind
8. To exercise non-violence
9. To practice patience
10. To respect public opinion to promote peace and harmony
Based
on these 10 principles preached by Lord Buddha, Ashoka dictated the
practice of Dharma that became the backbone of his philanthropic and
tolerant administration. Dharma was neither a new religion nor a new
political philosophy. It was a way of life, outlined in a code of
conduct and a set of principles that he encouraged his subjects to adopt
to lead a peaceful and prosperous life. He undertook the propagation of
these philosophies through publication of 14 edicts that he spread out
throughout his empire.
on these 10 principles preached by Lord Buddha, Ashoka dictated the
practice of Dharma that became the backbone of his philanthropic and
tolerant administration. Dharma was neither a new religion nor a new
political philosophy. It was a way of life, outlined in a code of
conduct and a set of principles that he encouraged his subjects to adopt
to lead a peaceful and prosperous life. He undertook the propagation of
these philosophies through publication of 14 edicts that he spread out
throughout his empire.
Ashoka’s Edicts:
1. No living being were to be slaughtered or sacrificed.
2. Medical care for human as well as animals throughout his Empire
3. Monks to tour the empire every five years teaching the principles of dharma to the common people.
4. One should always respect one’s parents, priests and monks
5. Prisoners to be treated humanely
6.
He encouraged his subjects to report to him their concerns regarding
the welfare of the administration at all times no matter where he is or
what he is doing.
He encouraged his subjects to report to him their concerns regarding
the welfare of the administration at all times no matter where he is or
what he is doing.
7. He welcomed all religions as they desire self-control and purity of heart.
8. He encouraged his subjects to give to monks, Brahmans and to the needy.
9.
Reverence for the dharma and a proper attitude towards teachers was
considered better than marriage or other worldly celebrations, by the
Emperor.
Reverence for the dharma and a proper attitude towards teachers was
considered better than marriage or other worldly celebrations, by the
Emperor.
10. Emperor surmised that glory and fame count for nothing if people do not respect the dharma.
11. He considered giving the dharma to others is the best gift anyone can have.
12.
Whoever praises his own religion, due to excessive devotion, and
condemns others with the thought “Let me glorify my own religion,” only
harms his own religion. Therefore contact (between religions) is good.
Whoever praises his own religion, due to excessive devotion, and
condemns others with the thought “Let me glorify my own religion,” only
harms his own religion. Therefore contact (between religions) is good.
13.
Ashoka preached that conquest by the dhamma is superior to conquest by
force but if conquest by force is carried out, it should be ‘forbearance
and light punishment’.
Ashoka preached that conquest by the dhamma is superior to conquest by
force but if conquest by force is carried out, it should be ‘forbearance
and light punishment’.
14. The 14 edicts were written so that people might act in accordance with them.
He got these 14 edicts engraved in stone pillars and slabs and had them placed at strategic places around his kingdom.
Role in Dissemination of Buddhism
Throughout
his life, ‘Asoka the Great’ followed the policy of non-violence or
ahimsa. Even the slaughter or mutilation of animals was abolished in his
kingdom. He promoted the concept of vegetarianism. The caste system
ceased to exist in his eyes and he treated all his subjects as equals.
At the same time, each and every person was given the rights to freedom,
tolerance, and equality.
his life, ‘Asoka the Great’ followed the policy of non-violence or
ahimsa. Even the slaughter or mutilation of animals was abolished in his
kingdom. He promoted the concept of vegetarianism. The caste system
ceased to exist in his eyes and he treated all his subjects as equals.
At the same time, each and every person was given the rights to freedom,
tolerance, and equality.
The
third council of Buddhism was held under the patronage of Emperor
Ashoka. He also supported the Vibhajjavada sub-school of the
Sthaviravada sect, now known as the Pali Theravada.
third council of Buddhism was held under the patronage of Emperor
Ashoka. He also supported the Vibhajjavada sub-school of the
Sthaviravada sect, now known as the Pali Theravada.
He
sent missionaries to far of places to propagate the ideals of Buddhism
and inspire people to live by the teachings of Lord Buddha. He even
engaged members of the royal family, including his son and daughter,
Mahendra and Sanghamitra, to carry out duties of Buddhist missionaries.
His missionaries went to the below mentioned places - Seleucid Empire
(Middle Asia), Egypt, Macedonia, Cyrene (Libya), and Epirus (Greece and
Albania). He also sent dignitaries all over his empire to propagate his
ideals of Dhamma based on Buddhist philosophy. Some of these are listed
as follows:
sent missionaries to far of places to propagate the ideals of Buddhism
and inspire people to live by the teachings of Lord Buddha. He even
engaged members of the royal family, including his son and daughter,
Mahendra and Sanghamitra, to carry out duties of Buddhist missionaries.
His missionaries went to the below mentioned places - Seleucid Empire
(Middle Asia), Egypt, Macedonia, Cyrene (Libya), and Epirus (Greece and
Albania). He also sent dignitaries all over his empire to propagate his
ideals of Dhamma based on Buddhist philosophy. Some of these are listed
as follows:
Kashmir - Gandhara Majjhantika
Mahisamandala (Mysore) - Mahadeva
Vanavasi (Tamil Nadu) - Rakkhita
Aparantaka (Gujarat and Sindh) - Yona Dhammarakkhita
Maharattha (Maharashtra) - Mahadhammarakkhita
“Country of the Yona” (Bactria/ Seleucid Empire) - Maharakkhita
Himavanta (Nepal) - Majjhima
Suvannabhumi (Thailand/ Myanmar) - Sona and Uttara
Lankadipa (Sri Lanka) - Mahamahinda
Demise
After
ruling over the Indian subcontinent for a period of approximately 40
years, the Great Emperor Asoka left for the holy abode in 232 BC. After
his death, his empire lasted just fifty more years.
ruling over the Indian subcontinent for a period of approximately 40
years, the Great Emperor Asoka left for the holy abode in 232 BC. After
his death, his empire lasted just fifty more years.
Ashoka’s Legacy
Buddhist
Emperor Asoka built thousands of Stupas and Viharas for Buddhist
followers. One of his stupas, the Great Sanchi Stupa, has been declared
as a World Heritage Site by UNECSO. The Ashoka Pillar at Sarnath has a
four-lion capital, which was later adopted as the national emblem of the
modern Indian republic.
Emperor Asoka built thousands of Stupas and Viharas for Buddhist
followers. One of his stupas, the Great Sanchi Stupa, has been declared
as a World Heritage Site by UNECSO. The Ashoka Pillar at Sarnath has a
four-lion capital, which was later adopted as the national emblem of the
modern Indian republic.
Life History Of Ashoka The Great!
All about life and times of Ashoka!
Ashoka the Great - Rise of the Mauryan Empire Documentary
Kings and Generals
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The Third Century BC was a notoriously violent time, filled with titanic clashes and amazing personalities. Alexander’s conquests gave way to a period of constant warfare amongst his Seleucid, Ptolemaic and Antigonid successors, while the rising Roman juggernaut began a series of conquests to unite the Italian Peninsula, and fought its Carthaginian Rival, paving the way for future dominance. India during this period was also experiencing revolutionary change, which culminated in the rise of the Mauryan Empire and the reign of Ashoka the Great.
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Ashoka the Great - Rise of the Mauryan Empire Documentary
Kannada New Movies Full | Ashoka Kannada Movies Full | kannada Movies | Shivarajkumar, Sunitha Varma
Shemaroo Kannada
2.85M subscribers
Kannada New Movies Full | Ashoka Kannada Movies Full | kannada Movies | Shivarajkumar, Sunitha Varma
Stars:
Shivarajkumar, Sunitha Varma, Thejashree, Srinivasamurthy, Sathyaprakash, Sathyajith, Shivamani, Ashok, Vinaya Prasad, Bavyashree Rai, G K Govinda Rao, Kishore, Vijayasarathi, Adarsh, Muni, Chandru
Direction:
Director Shivamani
Assistant Director S V Ravikumar, K Suresh Goswamy
Production:
Banner Royal Pictures
Presenter Smt Radhakrishna
Producer Ramesh Yadav
Production Manager Ramesh Babu, B Shashidhar
Writers:
Story Ramesh Yadhav
Screenplay Shivamani
Dialogue B A Madhu
Lyrics K Kalyan
Other Crews:
Music Sadhu Kokila
Cinematography Sundarnath Suvarna
Editor P R Soundar Raj
Stunts K D Venkatesh, Kaurav Venkatesh
Choreography Sampath, Dileep, Five Star Ganesh
PRO D V Sudheendra, D G Venkatesh
Publicity Designs Ammu
Stills Appu
↑
Sound Recording:
Effects Rajan
DTS Aravumudan
Censor Details:
CBFC A
Dated 15-03-2006
Length 4243 Mts
Color Color (Cinemascope)
Audio & Video:
Audio On Jhankar Music
Video On Sri Ganesh Video
Runtime 146 min
Songs & Lyrics:
Song Singer Lyrics
Anna Look Kotre Zoom Hemanth Kumar K Kalyan
Dil Aithe Duniya Aithe Chaithra, Gururaj Hosakote K Kalyan
Manasello Ello Eko Ello Rajesh Krishnan, Nanditha K Kalyan
Thai Thai Thai Bangaari (Remix) Rajesh Krishnan, Chaithra K Kalyan
Naa ATMu Anoop, Malathi, Suma Shastry K Kalyan
Ashoka Shivaraj kumar the son of an honest police constable who desires to make his son a Police officer.Ashoka gets selected for the IPS and even is cleared by the Police investigations But before he takes up his jobhe gets involved in a criminal assault case wherein he attacks a rowdy element. Ashokas father throws him out of his house but a determined son takes on the evil world of the rich white-collar criminals on his own.He becomes a Don and loots the education mafia and transport mafia sharks.But he spends the money to feed and educate the poor and depressed.Finally the police department engages a detective to trap Ashoka. But after his investigations he advises his chief to go slow on Ashoka so as to enable him to completely wipe out the mafia. FinallyAshoka s father realizes his mistake and salutes his son for his deeds. #kannada
Ashoka – ಅಶೋಕ2006*SGV
Rating
No mature content
Kannada New Movies Full | Ashoka Kannada Movies Full | kannada Movies | Shivarajkumar, Sunitha Varma
Ashoka The Great History | Tamil | Madan Gowri
Madan Gowri
4.67M subscribers
Emperor Ashoka the Great (sometimes spelt Aśoka) lived from 304 to 232 BCE and was the third ruler of the Indian Mauryan Empire, the largest ever in the Indian subcontinent and one of the world’s largest empires at its time. He ruled form 268 BCE to 232 BCE and became a model of kingship in the Buddhist tradition. Under Ashoka India had an estimated population of 30 million, much higher than any of the contemporary Hellenistic kingdoms.
Twitter : https://twitter.com/madan3
Snapchat : madangowri
Ashoka The Great History | Tamil | Madan Gowri
Emperor
Ashoka the Great (sometimes spelt Aśoka) lived from 304 to 232 BCE and
was the third ruler of the Indian Mauryan Empire, the largest ever in
the Indi…
Ashoka the Great (sometimes spelt Aśoka) lived from 304 to 232 BCE and
was the third ruler of the Indian Mauryan Empire, the largest ever in
the Indi…
youtube.com
ஷாம்ராட் அசோகன்
samrat ashoka drama acted by sivaji ganesan in annaien aanai Tamil film
youtube.com
Raja Rani Movie : Sivaji Ganesan, Best Drama Scene
Watch Sivaji Ganesan, Best Drama Scene Subscribe to Kollywood/
The Edict Project by TM Krishna, in collaboration with Ashoka University
Through this project, we hope to reimagine Ashoka’s edicts in musical form. The project aims at creating vibrant academic, socio-political and aesthetic conversations around the edicts.
What are Ashoka’s Edicts?
Ashoka, Emperor of the Mauryan empire, reigned from 268 BCE to 232 BCE. As with his father Bindusara (often conflated with Bimbasara) and grandfather Chandragupta, he believed in expanding, consolidating and ruling his empire centred around Pataliputra (modern Patna) through the traditional means of imperial kingship. After the violent annexing of Kalinga, King Ashoka underwent a transformation and dharma became the pivot of his royal policy and personal belief. He disseminated these ideas through a novel medium: a series of inscriptions incised on natural rock-faces and on pillars. These are to be seen across India from ‘up-north’ to ‘down-south’, and also in modern-day Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Known as ‘Edicts’, the inscriptions are, in the central and eastern parts of India, in Prakrit using the Brahmi script and in the north-west, In Kharoshthi, Greek and Aramaic.
The edicts are addressed to his subjects who, he says in his edict in Kalinga, are to him as his own children.
Why Ashoka’s Edicts?
Ashoka’s edicts are simple, brief, personal. And yet are profound, abiding and universal. They have been translated, published, quoted as signals of the soul. Sung in the original Prakrit in a garland of raga-s drawn from the Karnatik tradition, with their meaning given in English sub-titles, they now carry the philosopher-emperor’s vision of a humane society into the realm of the arts.
The first set of 4 edicts taken from different locations have been set to music and shared on October 14th, the day Babasaheb Ambedkar embraced Buddhism.
Credits:
Voice - TM Krishna
Research - Shravasti Dhammika
Research and Translation - Dr. Naresh Keerthi
Introductory Text - Gopalkrishna Gandhi
Sound and Visual - Rithvik Raja
Concept, Composition, Production:
TM Krishna
Composition:
Raga-Tala Malika
Lyrics:
Kapi, Adi
munise pajā mamā athā pajāye
ichāmi hakaṃ kiṃti?
savena hita sukhena
hida lokika palalokikayam
Shubhapanthuvarali, Chatushra Jampa
nasti ediśaṃ dānaṃ
yadiśaṃ dharma-dānam
dharma-saṃstavo;
dharma-saṃvibhago;
dharma-saṃbamdho;
Mohanam, Mishra Chapu
ta samavāyo eva sadhu kiṃti
aññam-aññassa dhaṃmaṃ srunāru ca;
susuṃsēra ca
Desh, Khanda Chapu
tato pacā adhunā ladheṣu kaligeṣu tivvre
dharma-silana dharma-kamata
dharmanuśasti ca
devanapiyasa so asti anusōcana
devanapriasa vijiniti ca kaligani
The Edict Project | TM Krishna
#theedictproject #ashoka #ambedkar #justice #tmkrishnaThe Edict P
TAMIL NADU
T.M. Krishna sets to tune Emperor Ashoka’s edicts
The project was launched on the day B.R. Ambedkar embraced Buddhism
Renowned Carnatic musician T.M. Krishna had his hands full these past few months digging into the works of Emperor Ashoka.
Wednesday saw the online premier of the first part of his Edict Project, in association with Ashoka University, where he set to tune four edicts of Emperor Ashoka to the ragas — Kapi, Shubhapanthuvarali, Mohanam and Desh.
“All my people are my children. I yearn for their welfare, why,” goes the meaning of the first song that begins Munise Paja, which Mr. Krishna sings to the accompaniment of just his tambura.
“The songs were recorded during the lockdown so there were no instruments, just my tambura. Through the Edict Project, I hope to re-imagine the emperor’s edicts in a musical format. To my knowledge, this is the first time they are being sung. I have rendered four edicts in a raga-tala-malika composition,” he said.
“The underlying message in all of Ashoka’s edicts is love and compassion. Ashoka himself symbolises the possibility of transformation. A person who believed in expanding, consolidating and ruling his empire through violence and war changed into one who made an ethical order the governing principle of his empire and personal life. Our world today is filled with hate, anger, bigotry and polarisation. In this context, the words of Ashoka are precious. We need to rediscover and re-imagine them, and let them inspire us to look within as individuals and communities. Ashoka’s words are connected to the inner spirit of our Constitution and how we need to envision governance,” he said.
The project was launched on the day B.R. Ambedkar, the father of the Indian Constitution, embraced Buddhism.
The introductory text to the video, which is available on YouTube, Facebook and Instagram, is by former West Bengal Governor Gopalkrishna Gandhi.
The research for the project was conducted by Shravasti Dhammika, and the sound and visuals were done by Ritvik Raja.
Collaborative effort: The singer, in association with Ashoka University, recorded the songs for the Edict Project.
Collaborative effort: The singer, in association with Ashoka University, recorded the songs for the Edict Project. | Photo Credit: Special Arrangement
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T.M. Krishna sets to tune Emperor Ashoka’s edicts
The project was launched on the day B.R. Ambedkar embraced Budd
Proposed programmes to be conducted by
Mahabodhi Deomali
1. Dana offering in 5 different monasteries
2. Distribution of 50 Buddha statues
3. Online Dhamma talks
4. Distribution of 100 mats to needy people
5. Renovation of temple.
6. Renovation of 30 houses
7. 5 Medical camps
8. Visiting 20 villages and conducting awareness programmes
9. Vivara dana in 8 monasteries
10. Eye operation for the poor
11. Health check-up programmes in 4 schools
12. Distribution of Bodhi saplings
13. Distribution of pens, notebooks, tec., to 100 poor students
14. Scholarships for 10 poor students
15. Distribution of Life of Buddha painting frames to 3 monasteries