07 12 2011 459 LESSON Alavika Sutta Sister
Alavika There is an escape in the world, well touched by me with
discernment — something that you, you Evil One, kinsman of the heedless, don’t
know. Sensual pleasures are like swords & spears; the aggregates, their
executioner’s block. What you call sensual delight is no delight
for me.FREE
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LESSON 459
Practice
a Sutta a Day Keeps Dukkha Away
SN 5.1
PTS: S i 128
CDB i 221
Alavika Sutta: Sister Alavika
translated from the Pali by
Thanissaro Bhikkhu
Alternate translation: Bodhi
At Savatthi. Then, early
in the morning, Alavika the nun put on her robes and, taking her bowl &
outer robe, went into Savatthi for alms. When she had gone for alms in Savatthi
and had returned from her alms round, after her meal she went to the Grove of the
Blind to spend the day. Having gone deep into the Grove of the Blind, she sat
down at the foot of a tree for the day’s abiding.
Then Mara the Evil One, wanting to arouse
fear, horripilation, & terror in her, wanting to make her fall away from
seclusion, approached her & addressed her in verse:
There’s no escape in the world, so what are you trying to do
with solitude? Enjoy sensual delights. Don’t be someone who later regrets.
Then the thought occurred to Alavika the nun:
“Now who has recited this verse — a human being or a non-human one?”
Then it occurred to her: “This is Mara the Evil One, who has recited this
verse wanting to arouse fear, horripilation, & terror in me, wanting to
make me fall away from seclusion.”
Then, having understood that “This is
Mara the Evil One,” she replied to him in verses:
There is an escape in the world, well touched by me with
discernment — something that you, you Evil One, kinsman of the heedless, don’t
know. Sensual pleasures are like swords & spears; the aggregates, their
executioner’s block. What you call sensual delight is no delight
for me.
Then Mara the Evil One — sad & dejected at
realizing, “Alavika the nun knows me” — vanished right there.
PLEASE VISIT:
http://www.worldbuddhistradio.com/
http://drambedkarbooks.wordpress.com/why-werent-we-told/
Dr B R Ambedkar Books
…MOVIES, PHOTOS & OTHER
IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS RELATED TO DR B R AMBEDKAR, SC/ST-BAHUJANS & BUDDHISM
Why Weren’t We Told?
What isn’t told about Babasaheb Ambedkar?
Freedom of mind is the real freedom. A person, whose mind is not
free though he may not be in chains, is a slave, not a free man. One, whose
mind is not free, though he may not be in prison, is a prisoner and not a free
man. One whose mind is not free though alive, is no better than dead. Freedom
of mind is the proof of one’s existence.
We must break the chains, once and forever.
- Babasaheb Ambedkar
Last September (2009), when I was in Hungary on invitation from
the Jai Bhim Network, Derdák Tibor – the founder of the network – offered me
this book to read “Why Weren’t We Told?” written by Henry Reynolds. “Why
Weren’t We Told?” is a scholar’s memoir describing the realities of race in
Northern Queensland, Australia.
The author describes the journey of the natives of Australia. He
raises many questions on the aboriginal history and why many truths were never
told. He dwells on why Australian history books ignore aboriginal history, the
same as Indian history books ignore Dalit history.
The book “Why Weren’t We Told?” motivated me to write this
article on Dr Ambedkar, on what is less talked about and withheld from us. The
problem is not what we don’t know, the more important thing is we don’t want to
accept reality, all of us know only half the history and leave the other half
unknown, and so the whole meaning of history gets changed!
Life of Babasaheb Ambedkar
Babasaheb was born in a caste that was (is still) considered
lowest of the low. People used to say it was a sin to be born in this low
caste, they would not offer him water, and say that if he sat in a cart it
would become polluted. But this man framed the Constitution of India. His
entire life was one of struggles and his personal life was so sad; he lost his
first wife and sons.
Even then he did not lose his willingness to work for the social
welfare of the people of India. The boy who suffered bitter humiliation in the
hands of upper caste people became the first Law Minister in free India, and
shaped the country’s Constitution.
The above written lines are the maximum limits (or I think I
have already crossed the limits!) of what gets told about Dr Ambedkar. He is
always portrayed only as a leader of SC/STs and much of his work apart from
enlistment of socially; economically backward communities are not taught
through schoolbooks or any other credible source. The ink dries from the pens
of upper caste media when writing/publishing anything about Dr Ambedkar.
Dr Ambedkar’s contribution to Indian society is much more than
what is usually circulated. His other major contributions in diverse fields are
rarely articulated. His role in the establishment of Reserve Bank of India
(RBI), reformation of Hindu social order, issue of Pakistan, labour policy,
electricity and water policy, Damodar valley project, Hirakund project, The
Sone River valley project, and post war economic plan (IInd world war) etc are
little known to people.
Babasaheb Ambedkar and Post War Economic Planning
When IInd World war ended, there were many challenges for India,
such as re-establishing the economy; including improvement in agriculture,
development of industries, rehabilitation and re-deployment of defense services
etc. For this, the Reconstruction Committee of Council (RCC) was established.
Dr Ambedkar was a member of RCC and was assigned the role of the President of
“Policy Committee for Irrigation and Power.”
Of great significance but less well known among [Dr] Ambedkar’s
contribution to the nation was his direct participation in the formulation of
objective & strategy of post-war economic plan & planned development of
water and electric power resources in the country. [Dr] Ambedkar was directly
involved in framing of the objective and strategy of economic planning and
water and electric power policy as a Cabinet Member in charge of the Labour,
Irrigation and Power portfolio during 1942-46, though he made a substantial
contribution to the economic planning and water and electric power resource
development in this position, surprisingly, this aspect of his contribution has
hardly been studied.” (Source: Ambedkar’s Role in Economic Planning Water and
Power Policy by Sukhadeo Thorat)
Babasaheb’s Role in Damodar Valley, Hirakund and the Sone River
Valley Projects
If you ask any school going child, where Damodar Valley,
Hirakund and the Sone River Valley projects are, and who inaugurated these
projects, they’ll tell you the names of Nehru-Gandhi family, although they have
nothing to do with these projects. (Check out the wiki page
giving details that “Jawaharlal Nehru, prime minister of India, Dr B
C Roy, chief minister of West Bengal and Sri Krishna Sinha,
chief minister of Bihar, took personal interest to ensure early success of
the project.”).
We have been taught in schools about these projects but we don’t
find a word about Dr Ambedkar’s prominent role and contribution towards all
these projects. Why weren’t we told?
Since 1930 emphasis has been increasingly placed on engineering
practices, on the hydrological unity of a river basin on treating the basin as
the unit of development of its water resources. Credit for multipurpose project
(irrigation and generating electric power together) goes to Irrigation and
Power Department, under the leadership of Dr Ambedkar.
Keeping in view the enhanced magnitude of such projects, it was
keenly felt that the technical expert bodies available then at the centre
weren’t adequate. Dr Ambedkar approved the Central Waterway and Irrigation
Commission (CWINC) in March 1944, and subsequently by the Viceroy on April 4,
1945. Thus Dr Ambedkar helped build a strong technical organisation for the development
of India. (Source: Ambedkar’s Role in Economic Planning Water and Power Policy
by Sukhadeo Thorat)
If our houses are illuminated and if our fields are green, it’s
because of Dr Ambedkar’s stellar role in the planning of these projects, on
which rests a major part of India’s economy today. If there is such a concept
as water-management and development in India, then the credit goes to Dr
Ambedkar for ably using the natural resources to serve India. If it was not for
Dr Ambedkar’s vision, one can imagine the situation of electric supply,
irrigation and development of India.
Babasaheb Ambedkar and India’s Water Policy and Electric Power
Planning
Almost everyone ignores the role of Dr Ambedkar as a Labour
leader. Department of Labour was established in the year November 1937
and Dr Ambedkar took over the Labour portfolio in July 1942. The policy
formulation and planning for the development of irrigation and electric power
was the major concern. It was the Labour Department under the guidance of Dr
Ambedkar, who decided to establish “Central Technical Power Board” (CTPB) for
power system development, hydro power station sites, hydro-electric surveys,
analysing problems of electricity generation and thermal power station
investigation.
Dr Ambedkar emphasised on the significance and need for the
“Grid System”, which is still working successfully even today. If today power
engineers are going abroad for training, the credit goes to Dr Ambedkar again,
who as a leader of Labour Department formulated policy to train the best
engineers -overseas. It is a matter of shame that nobody credits Dr Ambedkar
for the role he played in India’s water policy and electric power planning.
His Role in the Formation of Reserve Bank of India
Did you know Reserve Bank of India (RBI) came into picture
according to the guidelines laid down by Dr Ambedkar? RBI was conceptualized as
per the guidelines, working style and outlook presented by Dr Ambedkar in front
of the Hilton Young Commission. When this commission came to India under the
name of “Royal Commission on Indian Currency & Finance”, each and every
member of this commission were holding Dr Ambedkar’s book named “The Problem of
the Rupee – It’s origin and it’s solution.”
(The legislative assembly passed this under the name of RBI act
1934, its need, working style and its outlook was presented by Dr Ambedkar
in-front of Hilton Young Commission. Read, “Evidence before the Royal
Commission on Indian Currency and Finance” and “The Problem of the Rupee – It’s origin and it’s solution.”
)
Now, walking through the streets of India, on most of the “State
Bank of India’s” (SBI’s) street hoardings it shows Rabindranath Tagore as “The
banker to this nation”, as if Rabindranath Tagore is the brand ambassador of
SBI!
What hurts many of us is the picture of Mohandas Karmchand
Gandhi on the Indian currency. We need to ask everyone what’s the contribution
of these two leaders (Rabindranath Tagore and Mr. Gandhi) towards Indian
currency, finance and economics, and who deserves to be there on the signposts
or on Indian currency?
And have you ever noticed the language panel displayed on Indian
rupee banknotes? Sanskrit language is there but not Pali language. Does RBI
have any answers? First April is the day when RBI celebrates its foundation
day, making April fools of common masses!
If a man with God’s name on his tongue and a sword under his
armpit deserved the appellation of a Mahatma, then Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
was a Mahatma. - Babasaheb Ambedkar
Writing about who deserves the place on Indian currency reminds
me of a Hollywood movie “Do the Right Thing” directed a way back in 1989 by
Spike Lee. Movie revolves around the demand of Afro-Americans to place some
pictures of black heroes on the “Wall of Fame” in a pizza shop (where all
pictures are of Italian heroes as pizza shop owner is from Italy and very proud
of that) as the pizzeria is situated in a black neighbourhood and sells pizza
to black people.
At the end of the struggle Afro-Americans succeeded to have a
picture of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, shaking hands on the “Wall of
Fame.”
Dr Ambedkar and United Nations
Did you know of the role played by Dr Ambedkar to raise caste
issue at the international level?
Dalit leaders and Afro-American leaders since nineteenth century
started drawing connections between Dalits of India and Blacks of USA. In
1945-46 when ‘League of Nations’ was preparing for the formal establishment of
United Nations (UN), there were many marginalized groups from different parts
of the world who were trying to submit memorandums. So that their concerns also
gets reflected in the ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights.’
At that time there was an exchange of letters between Dr B R
Ambedkar and the prominent Afro-American thinker William Edward Burghardt Du
Bois. In his book ‘The correspondence of W.E.B. Du Bois, Volume 3’ W.E.B Du
Bois writes, “The necessity of a document of this sort is emphasized by the
fact that other groups of people, notably from Indians of South Africa, the
Jews of Palestine, the Indonesians and others are making similar petitions. I
have on my desk a letter from Dr. [B.R.] Ambedkar of the Untouchables of India,
in which he intimates that they may make an appeal.”
Dr Ambedkar was well aware of the Black movement as many of his
professors/guides were from the Black community, like Herbert Apthekar and C.
Vaan Woodward (Woodward said in his autobiography ‘Thinking Back: Perils of
Writing History’, that Dr Ambedkar’s description of oppression of Untouchables
in India encouraged him to write about the oppression of Blacks) and Dr
Ambedkar knew that to some extent Indian Dalits are similar to Blacks of
America –segregated, denied right to education, deprived of religious and political
power.
Dr Ambedkar knew if all discriminated communities come together
they can improve their status in society, also he knew how to bring together
all the discriminated communities and pressurize leaders at UN to take concrete
steps towards the emancipation of discriminated communities. There might have
been a conspiracy to stop Dr Ambedkar from going to UN at that time, so this
significant issue couldn’t get addressed.
Jai Bhim and Jai Hind
Did you know that “Jai Bhim” originated before “Jai Hind”? In his
article “Jai Bhim and Jai Hind”, Dr K Jamanadas argues and gives reference that
“Jai Bhim” came into picture before “Jai Hind”, not as the people think that
“Jai Bhim” derives from “Jai Hind”. “Jai Bhim” was coined by Babu L. N. Hardas,
a strong follower of Ambedkar; Chief Secretary of the Independent Labour Party
and In-Charge of C.P and Berar.
He was elected legislator on ILP Ticket, in 1937, from Kamptee
near Nagpur. He was one of the signatories to the “Poona Pact” and had
participated in discussions with Gandhi following the Poona Pact. He was the
Labour Leader and Founder of the “Beedi Kamgar Sangh” of C.P. and Berar. A
writer, thinker, dramatist and a poet, Hardas, was also the editor of a Marathi
weekly “Maharattha” and “Chokhamela Visheshanka”. He died young at the age of
35, in 1939.
I think, the slogan “Jai Hind” was given by Netaji Subhash
Chandra Bose, for the first time, after the formation of Indian National Army
in Burma, and a call was given to “Chalo Delhi” (”March on Delhi”). This was
just before the end of Second World War in 1945. It is clear that Jai Bhim did
not originate from Jai Hind. May be it is the other way round.
(Source: “Jai Bhim and Jai Hind” an article by Dr K Jamanadas)
Another Important Fact about Dr Ambedkar: Why Weren’t We Told?
Did you know before handing over the work of drafting
constitution of India to Dr. Ambedkar, work was assigned to many other
prominent leaders of that time? But everyone declined/refused to work, as this
was such a tiresome work and required lots of intellectual depth and hard work,
which only Dr. Ambedkar could put in. (Source: Begumpura Sehar, weekly
newspaper)
Did you know Dr Ambedkar had suggested division of Madhya Pradesh
into northern and southern states also he had suggested division of Bihar way
back in 1955 for the better development of states? After almost 45years both
states were divided and Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand were formed in the year
2000. (Read Dr Ambedkar’s book “Thoughts on Linguistic States” for more
detail) Dr Ambedkar was a far-sighted person and he had anticipated and
provided solutions to many of the pertinent problems we are facing today.
Did you know along with Dr Ambedkar more than half a million embraced
Buddhism leaving behind the inhuman caste practice of Hinduism? No-where in
this world has ever taken place such a BIG mass conversion, not even any
religious guru could do this magic!
The purpose of giving all this detail here is, to make
Dalit-Bahujan aware of our rich heritage, as many of us don’t take things
seriously, and have a habit of letting things go as they are going. But
we need to ask WHY? We need to find more about the “truths of our rich
history”, “our role models”, “our culture”, and “realities of caste” etc. Only
then we can do something better for our society.
What I see as the purpose of hiding all these facts and great
achievements of Dr Ambedkar is that it is aimed at distracting Dalit-Bahujans
from the right path. And that Dalit-Bahujans don’t get inspiration from their
own history and smash the upper caste hegemony. As Dr Ambedkar said, “Let the
slave know that he is a slave and he’ll break the chains of slavery.”
It is no wonder that everyone called him ‘Babasaheb’, out of
love and admiration. Bhimrao Ambedkar was the lion-hearted man who fought for
equality, justice and humanity. Let’s pay homage to Dr Ambedkar and spread his
ideas.
He who is not a slave of circumstances and is always ready and
striving to change them in his favour, I call him free. One who is not a slave
of usage, customs, of meaningless rituals and ceremonies, of superstitions and
traditions; whose flame of reason has not been extinguished, I call him a free
man. –Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar
VOICE
OF SARVAJAN
Karnataka
BSP observed Dr. Ambedkar Parinibbana day on 06-12-2011. Dr.Ashok Siddharth
incharge Kar. BSP, Treasurer Koramangala Muniappa, Vice President Gopinath,
President Marasandara Muniappa deliverd lectures on Dr. Ambedkar.
SC/STs
seek ban on Made Snana
Leaders of various SC/ST
organizations demanded a ban on Made Made Snana practiced at Kukke Sri
Subrahmanya Temple during the ’shasti’ festivities at the monthly meeting
organised by DK district police with members of and representatives of SC/ST
organizations here on Sunday.
Terming the practice
“inhuman”, they demanded that the feelings of SC/STs be conveyed to
the state government for necessary action.Marasandra Muniappa Karnatka BSP and
Vice President Gopinath pointed that
such customs were increasingly being used to subjugate SC/STs and they were
foisted on them in the name of tradition. He was also critical of the district
administration which backed down from its earlier decision of banning the
ritual. Marasandra Muniappa also said in all the 17 Districts attrocities on
SC/Sts have increased. In Hasan, Ex.Prime Minister Devegowda’s District there
were 70 cases. MPs, Ministers and MLAs are tight lipped on tyese issues.
Give
degrees to failed SC-STs: Med varsity
Give degrees to failed SC-STs: Med varsity
Lucknow, December 06,
2011
The Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University in Lucknow has
urged the Medical Council of India that graduation degrees be granted
to SC and ST medical students, who have repeatedly failed to clear the
final exams. A few of them have been trying since 1996.
Earlier, about 50 reserved category students blamed the university’s teachers,
alleging
that they were deliberately giving SC-ST students poor marks.
In Uttar Pradesh where scheduled castes and scheduled tribes constitute 18% .
On Monday, a letter from the vice-chancellor of the university —
India’s first residential medical university, established in 1905 —
Prof DK Gupta, to the MCI read: “As students have failed consecutively
on several attempts, they be allowed to have a degree.”
He said a separate passing percentage should be fixed for students
belonging to the reserved category, as they get selected with lower
qualifying marks through medical entrance.
[ZESTCaste]
6 pages for Ambedkar; 393 pages for ‘The Family’
6
pages for Ambedkar; 393 pages for ‘The Family’
6 December 2011
PRITAM SENGUPTA writes from New Delhi: For all the lip service it pays
“SC/STs and the downtrodden”, for all tokenism of a SC as speaker
of Lok Sabha, and for all the buzz about a possible SC replacement
for Manmohan Singh as prime minister, the Congress-led UPA government
has issued a measly six pages of ads in 12 newspapers to mark the
death anniversary of the father of the Indian Constitution—and the
icon of SC/STs—Dr B.R. Ambedkar.
In contrast, the State
government of Uttar Pradesh, headed by Mayawati
of the Bahujan Samaj Party, has issued seven pages in the same 12
newspapers surveyed by sans serif.
The Centre’s six pages
of ads for Ambedkar is in stark contrast to the
393 pages of ads issued by various ministries and departments of the
Union government and Congress-run State governments to mark the three
birth and three death anniversaries of Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi
and Rajiv Gandhi in 2011.
Various ministries were
falling over each other to sing hosannas
for the three ex-PMs.
The breakup of
the Ambedkar ads today are as under:
Hindustan
Times: 24-page main issue; 2 Ambedkar ads amounting to
1½ broadsheet pages
The Times of India: 26-page issue; 1 ad amounting to 1 broadsheet
page
Indian Express: 20-page issue; 1 ad amounting to 1 broadsheet
page
Mail Today (compact): 36-page issue; 1 ad amounting to 1 compact
page
The Hindu: 20-page issue; 1 ad amounting to 1 broadsheet page
The Pioneer: 16-page issue; 1 ad amounting to 1 broadsheet page
The Statesman: 16-page issue; 1 ad amounting to 1 broadsheet page
The Telegraph: 24-page issue; 0 ads amounting to 0 broadsheet
pages
***
The Economic Times: 24-page main issue; 0 ads
Business Standard: 14-page issue; 0 ads
Financial Express: 18-page issue; 0 ads
Mint (Berliner): 24-page issue; 0 ads
***
Last year, on the 19th death anniversary of Rajiv Gandhi, the
historian Ramachandra Guha wrote in an edit-page article in The
Telegraph, Calcutta:
“A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that on May 21,
2010,
perhaps Rs 60 or 70 crore were spent by the taxpayer — without his and
her consent — on praising Rajiv Gandhi. Since the practice has been in
place since 2005, the aggregate expenditure to date on this account is
probably in excess of Rs 300
Ambani
+ Modi KG Scams
When in power BJP exported wheat at
less than BPL price now Gadkari demanded free supply of 17 million tones of
grains to flood hit states but my objection is that Gadkari doesn’t want GOI to
maintain buffer stocks so that GOI is at the mercy of Banias & Traders.
Everything BJP does is MISCHIEF, Criminal Conspiracy.
Nitin Gadkari alone has amassed times
more Wealth. Gadkari was PWD Minister for a couple of years. Modi
promised Rs.25,00,000 crore FDI Investments ($500b) only $8b has materialized.
http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executive_rep/oct11/23-24.pdf
http://www.cea.nic.in/archives/exec_summary/nov07.pdf
UP under Mayawati has overtaken Gujarat in power
availability for same April-October period. UP is surely behind in per capita
consumption, is not lagging behind Gujarat.
Obviously you don’t talk of Poverty, Hunger, Malnutrition,
Scams, Fake Encounters, Murder of brother ministers in Gujarat, Bihar ,
Karnataka, MP, Chhatisgarh.
KG D6 & Gujarat State Petroleum Scam alone is 10
times larger than 500b. Petroleum import bill is around $100b annually as an
indicator.
RIL & GSPC were allotted Offshore blocks by Ram Naik
in 1999 and 2001 respectively – RIL claimed in press release it had discovered
40 times more Natural Gas at KG D6 than ONGC – Modi too boasted similarly in
2005 on discovering Deen Dyal Well, ONGC produces more Oil & Gas than RIL
& GSPC.
They Connived to first Hoard gas reserves and then to jack
up Capitalization by 4 times at least. Delay and failure is $500b loss.
http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/oct/31ril.htm
RIL had claimed to have discovered 40 times more gas at KG D6
than ONGC and it shall double Natural Gas production, would supply gas for a
Century and shall be operational in 30 months from October31, 2002 but
commenced production after 77 months from 2002 or 113 months after NEPL-I.
Since RIL was allocated KG D6 in 1999 and till October31, 2002 it had developed
just Three Wells but your government allocated 25 Blocs to RIL in NEPL I. II
and III.
Karnataka in Iron Ore Scam looted 250 million tones of
iron ore at Rs,6000 per tone is Rs.150,000 crore scam but if we consider Steel
making potential Scam is worth Rs.10,00,000 crores by Kirit Somaya Method by
BJP family Members (Sushma Swaraj) and Rs.500,000 crores after deducting for
special coal to be imported and investments.
Chhatisgarh has allotted cheaply Mines & Minerals
worth over Rs.10,00,000 crores cheaply to private companies.
MP has allotted 3 billion tones of Coal to Anil Ambani
alone is Rs.6,00,000 crore scam – since imported coal price shall average $150
per tone - $450b scam.
Important – Comparing UP & Bihar
Performance of a state is determined by its economic
performance. UP is twice in population but manifold in production though UP
gets just 40% more central funds than Bihar (When UP get Rs.55,000 crores Bihar
share is at Rs.40,000 crores).
UP Produces 22 More Sugar than Bihar
http://eands.dacnet.nic.in/At_Glance_2010/4.23(B).xls
UP Produces Nine Time More Potato Than Bihar
http://eands.dacnet.nic.in/At_Glance_2010/5.3(B).xls
UP Produces 4 Times More Foodgrains than Bihar
http://eands.dacnet.nic.in/At_Glance_2010/4.5(B).xls
UP supplies 10 Times More Electricity to Farmers than Bihar
http://eands.dacnet.nic.in/At_Glance_2010/15.10(B).xls
Ravinder Singh
December06, 2011
Kirit
Made a fraction of Rs.528 in to Rs.200,000 crores Scam
From
Apri1 2010 to March 2011, this quantity for the state was 528395 tons
• The”mother of all scams” is estimated to be
over Rs. 200,000 crore.
• Uttar Pradesh is allocated a monthly quantity of
foodgrains, i.e. rice and
wheat, by the Central government for distribution amongst
AAY, BPL and
APL families, under the PDS managed by the state
government.
• For the period from Apri1 2010 to March 2011, this
quantity for the state
was 528395 tons.
• The Central government allocates foodgrains to each
state government for
distribution through ration shops at subsidised rates to
the poor.
• Under the PDS scheme, each BPL (Below Poverty Line)
family is eligible for
35 kg of rice or wheat every month, while an APL (Above
Poverty Line)
household is entitled to 15 kg of foodgrains on a monthly
basis.