Lesson 4688 Tue 24 Jan 2023
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
quantum universe GIF
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
This is for BODY
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
grows vegetables 🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🧅 🍄 🥗 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵 🍈 &
Fruits 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱in pots 🪴 which tastes the same for all including haters to live
like free birds 🦅 to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.
After
getting up at 3:45 AM take bath🧼 and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic
Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
Luxury white glass monk phra buddha sleeping meditation for pray concentration composed release. colorful background.
Lord Buddha🙏🏻❤️ 💫ॐ…..z❤️NSpiceC🌶🦋08April2019~*💕 ⭐️
34) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE English,Roman,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
This is for BODY
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
UNIVERSE grows vegetables 🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🧅 🍄 🥗 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵 🍈 & Fruits 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱in pots 🪴
which tastes the same for all including haters to live like free birds 🦅
to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.After getting up at 3:45 AM
take bath & do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling &
exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA Maha Mayawati ji said she will bring back Ashokan
rule Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda which grows Jambu-tree
derives its name from the (Naga) which grows there to represent his
realm in 3rd century BC
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Caste leader and former Uttar Pradesh chief minister
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha Mayawati said that rival parties are using all tricks to stop BSP from coming to power.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati also raised concerns over the use of Electronic Voting
Machines. “Since 1984, ballot paper use, the vote percentage not
decreased. With the use of EVM, the party voting percentage has gone
down. In various countries the EVM had been withdrawn and ballot papers
is being used. It’s the work of the EVM that BSP vote has decreased. I
have urged the Election Commission to use ballot paper,” she said.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati said that her BSP won’t forge an alliance with any party for
the upcoming state elections or the 2024 national polls.
“The BSP
will not form alliance with any party in the Rajasthan,Chhattisgarh and
Karnataka assembly election as well as the 2024 Lok Sabha election,”
she said.
She also launched a fresh attack against the Foreigners
kicked out from Bene Israel, Tibet, Africa, Western Europe, Eastern
Germeny, South Russia, Eastern Europe,Hungary chitpavan brahmin
Rowdy
Swayam Sevaks number one terrorists practicing hatred, anger, jealousy,
delusion, stupidity which are defilement of the mind requiring mental
treatment at mental asylums for the saffron party
“Due to wrong
policies of the BJP government the people are facing natural disaster,”
she further said in an apparent reference to the sinking of the
Joshimath town in Uttarakhand.
“The central agencies have been politicized,” the
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
leader said.
She
also targeted the Congress and SP: “The reservation for the OBC, SC/ST
is not being implemented by the BJP government. The Congress and
Samajwadi Party has also cheated the OBC, SC and ST community.”
Mayawati celebrates 67th birthday, optimistic for 2024
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati, the head of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) and
four-time chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, was born on 15 January 1956
in Delhi in a
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste family.
Besides
being among the most important political leaders of Uttar Pradesh, she
is a Empowered Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste icon and her clout
extends far beyond the boundaries of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Aboriginal Scheduled Caste Prabuddha Bharat’s most populous state.
——–1
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati had a simple childhood, and her father, Prabhu Das,
was employed with the post office. She secured her bachelor’s degree in
arts from Kalindi Women’s College, and a law degree from Campus Law
Centre, Delhi University. She also did a B.Ed. from Ghaziabad.
In September 1977, during a conference on
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste organised by the Janata Party’s Raj Narain, who had defeated
Indira Gandhi in the Lok Sabha polls from Rae Bareilly, repeatedly
referred to
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Castes as Harijans.
This angered the young
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati, who was present at the event. As the journalist
Bhupesh Bhandari wrote in the Business Standard in December 2011:
“Even
in those early days she used to find the term [Harijan], coined by
Mahatma Gandhi, condescending and thus hugely offensive. She walked up
to the stage and tore into Raj Narain. A couple of months later, on a
cold
winter night,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Caste Maha Manyawar Kanshi Ram [founder of the BSP] visited her at home.
The
burly Sikh [his family belonged to a Empowered Awakened Aboriginal
Scheduled Caste community but had converted to Sikhism] had quit his
government job to fight the cause of the Empowered Awakened Aboriginal
Scheduled Caste community.
He reportedly told her that if she
followed him, one day she would be giving orders to IAS officers. It was
a prediction that would come true.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Manyawar Kanshi Ram founded the BSP in 1984,he made
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,C Empowered Aboriginal of
JAMBUDIPA Maha Mayawati a member of his core team.
This is
Jambudīpa a name often used to describe the territory of Greater
Prabuddha BHARAT in Ancient sources.The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent his Aboriginal realm.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent. In its center is a
gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru.In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks,its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one hundred yojanas in
extent and its height one hundred yojanas
On account of this
tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda .The continent is ten
thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four thousand are
covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya mountains, while
three thousand are inhabited by men
Jambudīpa is the region where
the humans live and is the only place where a being may become awakened
by being born as a human being.
It is in Jambudīpa that one may
receive the gift of Dhamma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths,
the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately
realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another
reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor
Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the Sri Lankan king
Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudīpa, referring to what is now the
Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
——————-2
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense
The
term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions
for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region, presumably India, as Jambudīpa.
‘the
Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore and
the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency) was ruled by the
nava-Nanda,
Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings ;then the Rattas ruled it :
after whom were the Chalukyas; then the Kalachuryya family; and after
them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’Another, at Kubatur,expressly states that
Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south of the Bharata-kshetra
of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many
inscriptions, of which Bandanikke (Bandalike in Shimoga) seems to have
been the chief town.
And further,a record to be noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas.
Report Of Mysore
Mount
Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit) or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the
name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-,
resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or “wonderful Meru”.
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
Jambudīpa
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) one of the four continents, which is situated to the
south of Mount Meru.) is is located in the south and is the dwelling of
ordinary human beings.
Its shape is trapezoidal or resembling the shape of an axe-head. It is the human world in which we live.
It is said to be shaped “like a cart”, or rather a blunt-nosed triangle with the point facing south.
(This description probably echoes the shape of the coastline of southern Prabuddha Bharat.
Karnataka
Jambudvipa in geopolitical sense
The
term Jambudvipa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent
inscriptions for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD
which also describes the region, presumably Prabuddha Bharat as
Jambudvipa.
‘ the Kuntala country (which included the
north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda, Gupta-kula, Mauryya kings ;
then the Rattas ruled it : after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya family;
After them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.
Jambudīpa)
is a name often used to describe the territory of Greater Prabuddha
Bharat in Ancient Indian sources. The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient Prabuddha Bharatian
cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent
his realm in the third century BCE.The same terminology was used in
subsequent texts, for instance Kannada inscriptions from the tenth
century CE which also described the region, presumably Ancient Prabuddha
Bharat,as Jambudipa
The Prakrit name Jambudīpasi for “Prabuddha Bharat ” in the Sahasram Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka, circa 250 BCE (Brahmi script).
It
is 10,000 yojanas in extent (Vibhajyavāda tradition) or has a perimeter
of 6,000 yojanas (Sarvāstivāda tradition) to which can be added the
southern coast of only 3 1⁄2 yojanas’ length.
The continent takes
its name from a giant Jambu tree (Syzygium cumini), 100 yojanas tall,
which grows in the middle of the continent.
Every continent has one of these giant trees.
All Awakened One Buddhas appear in Jambudīpa
The
people here are five to six feet tall and their length of life varies
between 10 to power 140 years (Asankya Aayu) and 10 years.
“Since this continent is adorned by a k km Jambubriksha jambu tree, it is known as the ‘Continent of Jambu’, or Jambudīpa.
The jambu tree is presumed by some to be the rose-apple tree (Eugenia jambolana).
More recent scholarship suggests that it may be a variety of plum.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
——-3
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth,
its
outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one
hundredyojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four
thousand are covered by the ocean,three thousand by the Himālaya
mountains,while three thousand are inhabited by men Jambudīpa is the
region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may
become enlightened by being born as a human being.
This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense The term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd century BC,
same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions for instance
Mysorean
inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the
region,presumably India,as Jambudīpa.the Kuntala country (which included
the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda,Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings
then the Rattas ruled it :after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya
family; and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’’ Another, at Kubatur,
expressly states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south
of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda
Seventy of so many inscriptions,of which Bandanikke(Bandalike in
Shimoga)seems to have been the chief town.And fuidher, a record to be
noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in
marriage to the Guptas. Annual Report Of Mysore
Mount Meru (also
Sumeru (Sanskrit)or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the name of the
central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the
proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the
approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or
“wonderful Meru”.
——4
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels:Kāmadhātu (Desire realm),Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),& Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm).In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa. Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa,
one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in
the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti. They are grouped round
Mount Sumeru.
In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length,
its shade one hundred yojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, etc.)
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,
four thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya
mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men (SNA.ii.437;
UdA.300).
Jambudvīpa is the region where the humans live and is
the only place where a being may become enlightened by being born as a
human being.
It is in Jambudvīpa that one may receive the gift of
Dharma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble
Eightfold Path and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of
life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text
Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to
the Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudvipa, referring to
what is now the Indian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha
Sūtra in the Mahayana.
According to a Survey, If Jains in India Go from 0.3% to 3% then we will overtake America & China.
So let’s us talk about some FACTS :
● National Avg Literacy Rate 65%, Jains Avg Literacy Rate 94%.
● Female National Avg Literacy Rate 54%, Jains Female Avg Literacy Rate 91%.
● 50% of the Total CAs are Jains.
● According to Forbes, Jains are the Wealthiest People of India & Belgium.
● Jains are 0.3% of the Indian Population but pay 24% of Income Tax. [In 2009 Jains have paid even 42% of Income Tax]
● Jains Contribute 25% towards National Development.
● 65% of Diamond & Gold business in the World are done by Jains.
● 62% Charity is done by Jains.
● 46% Stock brokers are Jains.
● 33% of the Airline Industry is controlled by Jains.
● 20% of the Pharmaceuticals & Textiles are controlled by Jains.
● Jains have the Highest Life Expectancy of 71 age.
● Out of 16,000 Gaushalas 9,600 are run by Jains.
● Alber Einstein once said that I don’t know Whether there is reincarnation or not but if it happens then I want to be a Jain.
●
According to Annual Summit of World Environment Committee, Germany in
2010 “If We have to Save the Earth from Global Warming We have to Follow
Jain’s Lifestyle & Principles.”
● Never plays any Minority Card like others.
●
Jains are not taught how to do business, it is in our genes. [You don’t
teach the child of a Lion how to hunt and in the same way Child of a
Jain is also not taught how to do a Business].
● Jains are not Job Seekers, we are Job Givers.
●
Lawyers, Doctors live on the sadness of others whereas CAs live on the
Growth or Happiness of others. [That’s how we choose business].
● We don’t love dogs and then kill mosquitoes.
● Others are doing this Vegan- Dietician- Mind Control - Wearing Masks. Jains have been doing these for Centuries.
● We believe in Live & Let Live. [Mukesh Ambami Says Jio we say Jio & Jene do]
● We don’t believe in ‘I’. We believe in ‘US’.
● Biggest Fights happen because of You are wrong and I’m Right. Jains say you are Right & I’m also Right. (Mutual Respect).
So Why are Jains so Rich & Great ???
Reasons -
● Jains are Dynamites Not Parasites
● Succession Planning
● Supreme Wisdom (Kaivalya Gyan)
● Vow OF “AHIMSA Vrat” (No Himsa whether Mentally, Orally or Physically.)
● Life Kindness (Jiv Daya)
● Conscious Capitalism (Don’t do - Parties, Politics, Enjoyment, Clubbing, Acting)
(We do Prayer, Meditation, Spirituality, Forgiveness).
● Community is Family.
● Very High on Integrity
● Anekantavada (Mutual Respect)
● Chaturvidha Dana (4-fold charity of Food, Medicine, Protection, Knowledge).
————–5
7,117 languages are spoken today.
That number is constantly in flux, because we’re learning more about the
world’s languages every day. And beyond that, the languages themselves
are in flux.
They’re living & dynamic,spoken by communities whose lives are
shaped by our rapidly changing world.
This is a fragile time: Roughly 0%
of languages are now endangered, often with less than 1,000 speakers
remaining.
Meanwhile, just 23 languages account for more than half the world’s population.according to https://gulfnews.com/…/census-more-than-19500-languages…
When
a just born baby is kept isolated without anyone communicating with the
baby, after a few days it will speak and human natural (Prakrit)
language known as Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magahi Magadhi/
Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chandaso language/
Magadhi Prakrit,Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Hela Basa (Hela Language),
Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Pāḷi which are the same.
Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate ONE Buddha spoke in
Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magadhi. All
the 7,139 languages and dialects are off shoot of Classical ETERNAL AND
Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magahi Magadhi. Hence all
of them are Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate in nature (Prakrit) of Human Beings, just like all other
living speices have their own natural
languages for communication. 138 languages are translated by
https://translate.google.comin
01) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magahi Magadhi,
02) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chandaso language,
03) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magadhi Prakrit,
04) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Hela Basa (Hela Language),
05) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Classical Pāḷi
06)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- शास्त्रीय हिंदी,
07) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Cyrillic
08) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Afrikaans– Klassieke Afrikaans
09) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Albanian-Shqiptare klasike,
10) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Amharic-አንጋፋዊ አማርኛ,
11) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Arabic-اللغة العربية الفصحى
12) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Armenian-դասական հայերեն,
13) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Assamese-ধ্ৰুপদী অসমীয়া
14) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Aymara 14) Aymara clásico
15) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Azerbaijani- Klassik Azərbaycan,
16)Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate
Basque- Euskal klasikoa,16) Euskara klasikoa- Euskal klasikoa,
17)Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Belarusian-Класічная беларуская,17) Класічная беларуска-класічная
беларуская,
18) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Bengali-ক্লাসিক্যাল বাংলা,18) ধ্রুপদী বাংলা-ক্লাস বাংলা
19) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Bhojpuri 19) शास्त्रीय भोजपुरी के बा
20) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate शास्त्रीय भोजपुरी के बाBosnian-Klasični bosanski,20) Klasični bosanski-Klasični bosansk
21)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Bulgarian
22) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,CompassionateCatalan-Català clàssic
23) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Cebuano-Klase sa Sugbo,
24) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chichewa-Chikale cha Chichewa,
25) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chinese (Simplified)-古典中文（简体）,
26) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chinese (Traditional)-古典中文（繁體）,
27) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Corsican-Corsa Corsicana,
28) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Croatian-Klasična hrvatska,
29)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Czech-Klasická čeština
30) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Danish-Klassisk dansk,Klassisk dansk,
31) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dhivehi,31) ކްލާސިކަލް ދިވެހި
32) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dogri, 32) शास्त्रीय डोगरी
33) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dutch- Klassiek Nederlands,
34) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE English,Roman,
35) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Esperanto-Klasika Esperanto,
36) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Estonian- klassikaline eesti keel,
37) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ewe,37) Klasik Ewe
38) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Filipino klassikaline filipiinlane,
39) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Finnish- Klassinen suomalainen,
40) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE French- Français classique,
41) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Frisian- Klassike Frysk,
42) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Galician-Clásico galego,
43) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Georgian-კლასიკური ქართული,
45) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE German- Klassisches Deutsch,
45) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATEGreek-Κλασσικά Ελληνικά,
46) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Guarani,46) Guaraní clásico
47) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી,
48) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Haitian Creole-Klasik kreyòl,
49) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hausa-Hausa Hausa,
50) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hawaiian-Hawaiian Hawaiian,
51) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hebrew- עברית קלאסית
52) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
53) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,
54) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
55) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Igbo,Klassískt Igbo,
56) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ilocano,56) Klasiko nga Ilocano
57)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Indonesian-Bahasa Indonesia Klasik,
58) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Irish-Indinéisis Clasaiceach,
59) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Italian-Italiano classico,
60) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Japanese-古典的なイタリア語,
61) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
62) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
63) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kazakh-Классикалық қазақ,
64) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Khmer- ខ្មែរបុរាណ,
65) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kinyarwanda
66) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Konkani,66) शास्त्रीय कोंकणी
67) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Korean-고전 한국어,
68) Classical Krio,ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE 68) Krio we dɛn kɔl Krio
69) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kurdish (Kurmanji)-Kurdî (Kurmancî),
70) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kyrgyz-Классикалык Кыргыз,
71) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lao-ຄລາສສິກລາວ,
72) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Latin-LXII) Classical Latin,
73) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Latvian-Klasiskā latviešu valoda,
74) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lingala,74) Lingala ya kala,
75) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lithuanian-Klasikinė lietuvių kalba,
76) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luganda,76) Oluganda olw’edda
77) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luganda,77) Oluganda olw’edda
78) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luxembourgish-Klassesch Lëtzebuergesch,
79)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Macedonian-Класичен македонски,
80)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maithili,80) शास्त्रीय मैथिली
81) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malagasy,класичен малгашки,
82) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malay-Melayu Klasik,
83) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
84) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maltese-Klassiku Malti,
85) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maori-Maori Maori,
86) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
87) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Meiteilon (Manipuri),꯹꯰) ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯏꯇꯦꯏꯂꯣꯟ (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ) ꯴.
88) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Mizo,88) Classical Mizo a ni
89) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Mongolian-Сонгодог Монгол,
90) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Myanmar (Burmese)-Classical မြန်မာ (ဗမာ),
91) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Nepali-शास्त्रीय म्यांमार (बर्मा),
92) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Norwegian-Klassisk norsk,
93) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Odia (Oriya)
94) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Oromo,94) Afaan Oromoo Kilaasikaa
95) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Pashto- ټولګی پښتو
96) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Persian-کلاسیک فارسی
97)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Polish-Język klasyczny polski,
98) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Portuguese-Português Clássico,
99) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
100) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Quechua,100) Quechua clásico
101) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Romanian-Clasic românesc,
102) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Russian-Классический русский,
103) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Samoan-Samoan Samoa
104) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sanskrit छ्लस्सिचल् षन्स्क्रित्
105) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Scots Gaelic-Gàidhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,
106)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sepedi,106) Sepedi sa Kgale
107) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Serbian-Класични српски,
108) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sesotho-Seserbia ea boholo-holo,
109) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Shona-Shona Shona,
110) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sindhi,
111)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sinhala-සම්භාව්ය සිංහල,
112) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Slovak-Klasický slovenský,
113) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Slovenian-Klasična slovenska,
114) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Somali-Soomaali qowmiyadeed,
115) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Spanish-Español clásico,
116) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sundanese-Sunda Klasik,
117) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Swahili,Kiswahili cha Classical,
118) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Swedish-Klassisk svensk,
119) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tajik-тоҷикӣ классикӣ,
120) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ் செம்மொழி,
121) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tatar
122) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
123) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Thai-ภาษาไทยคลาสสิก,
124) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tigrinya,124) ክላሲካል ትግርኛ
125) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tsonga,125) Xitsonga xa xikhale
126) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Turkish-Klasik Türk,
127)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Turkmen
128) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Twi,128) Twi a wɔde di dwuma wɔ tete mmere mu
129)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ukrainian-Класичний український,
130) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
131) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Uyghur,
132) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Uzbek-Klassik o’z,
133) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Vietnamese-Tiếng Việ,
134) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Welsh-Cymraeg Clasurol,
135) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATEXhosa-IsiXhosa zesiXhosa,
136) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Yiddish- קלאסישע ייִדיש
137) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,
138) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Zulu-I-Classical Zulu
Languages of Rajasthan
Rajasthani (Devanagari: राजस्थानी
)Indo-Aryan languages,Gujarati and Sindhi, Marwari
Languages of Chhattisgarh
Eastern Hindi Munda and Dravidian languages
1) Kedri (Central) Chhattisgarhi
2) Utti (Eastern) Chhattisgarhi
3) Budati / Khaltahi (Western) Chhattisgarhi
Languages of Karnataka
Kannada,Urdu,Telugu,Marath, Tamil,Malayalam,Tulu,Hindi,English
4) Bhandar (Northern) Chhattisgarhi
5) Rakshahun (Southern) Chhattisgarhi
Languages of India
Indo-European languages
Dravidian languages
Indic languages.
Austroasiatic, Sino–Tibetan, Tai–Kadai,
As per the People’s Linguistic Survey of India, India has the second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (840).[11] Ethnologue lists a lower number of 456.[12]
Article 343 of the Constitution of India stated that the official language of the Union is Hindi in Devanagari script, with official use of English to continue for 15 years from 1947. Later, a constitutional amendment, The Official Languages Act, 1963, allowed for the continuation of English alongside Hindi in the Indian government indefinitely until legislation decides to change it.[3] The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union are “the international form of Indian numerals“,[13][14] which are referred to as Arabic numerals in most English-speaking countries.[1] Despite the misconceptions, Hindi is not the national language of India; the Constitution of India does not give any language the status of national language.[15][16]
The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists 22 languages,[17] which have been referred to as scheduled
languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement. In
addition, the Government of India has awarded the distinction of classical language to Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu. Classical language status is given to languages which have a rich heritage and independent nature.
According to the Census of India of 2001,
India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages. However,
figures from other sources vary, primarily due to differences in
definition of the terms “language” and “dialect”. The 2001 Census
recorded 30 languages which were spoken by more than a million native
speakers and 122 which were spoken by more than 10,000 people.[18] Two contact languages have played an important role in the history of India: Persian[19] and English.[20] Persian was the court language during the Mughal period in India. It reigned as an administrative language for several centuries until the era of British colonisation.[21]
English continues to be an important language in India. It is used in
higher education and in some areas of the Indian government. Hindi, which has the largest number of first-language speakers in India today,[22] serves as the lingua franca across much of North and Central India. However, there have been concerns raised with Hindi being imposed in South India, most notably in the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka,[23][24] Maharashtra, West Bengal, Assam, Punjab and other non-Hindi regions have also started to voice concerns about Hindi.[25] Bengali is the second most spoken and understood language in the country with a significant amount of speakers in eastern and northeastern regions. Marathi is the third most spoken and understood language in the country with a significant amount of speakers in South-Western regions.
——————————
47) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી
110) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sindhi,
06)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- शास्त्रीय हिंदी,
62) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
130) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
122) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
86) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
83) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
120) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ்
34) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE English,Roman,
After Hindi, the languages most spoken within the family are:
The Indian constitution recognises 22 official languages. These are:
18) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Bengali-ক্লাসিক্যাল বাংলা,18) ধ্রুপদী বাংলা-ক্লাস বাংলা
Hindi
80)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maithili,80) शास्त्रीय मैथिली
91) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Nepali-शास्त्रीय म्यांमार (बर्मा)
104) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sanskrit छ्लस्सिचल् षन्स्क्रित्
Tamil
Urdu
13) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Assamese-ধ্ৰুপদী অসমীয়া
32) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dogri, 32) शास्त्रीय डोगरी
Kannada
Gujarati
Bodo
87) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Meiteilon (Manipuri),꯹꯰) ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯏꯇꯦꯏꯂꯣꯟ
93) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Odia (Oriya)
Marathi
Santali
Telugu
99) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Sindhi
Malayalam
66) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Konkani,66) शास्त्रीय कोंकणी
Kashmiri
Lesson 4687 Mon 23 Jan 2023
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
quantum universe GIF
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
This is for BODY
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
grows vegetables 🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🧅 🍄 🥗 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵 🍈 &
Fruits 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱in pots 🪴 which tastes the same for all including haters to live
like free birds 🦅 to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.
After
getting up at 3:45 AM take bath🧼 and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic
Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
This is for BODY
Wise,Intelligent people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
UNIVERSE grows vegetables🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🧅 🍄 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵🍈 & Fruits🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌🍎🍉🍒🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱in pots 🪴
——————————
47) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી
110) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sindhi,
06)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- शास्त्रीय हिंदी,
62) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
130) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
122) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
86) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
83) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
120) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ்
34) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE English,Roman,
——————
47) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી
સ્ત્રીઓએ પણ 🌱 વાવેતર ફળ 🍎 બેરિંગ વૃક્ષો 🌳 અને શાકભાજી ઉગાડવી જોઈએ
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, કરુણાપૂર્ણ સશક્ત જંબુદીપ બ્રહ્માંડ
હવે તમારી પાસે એ બધું છે
મનને શુદ્ધ કરો
આ શરીર માટે છે
વિશ્વના તમામ મુખ્ય ધર્મોના જ્ઞાની, બુદ્ધિશાળી લોકો
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ સશક્ત જંબુદીપ
આ મન માટે છે
અમે અંદર હતા
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ સશક્ત જંબુદીપ
અમે અંદર છીએ
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ સશક્ત જંબુદીપ
દ્વેષીઓ સહિત બધા માટે મફત પક્ષીઓની જેમ જીવવાનો સ્વાદ સમાન છે 🦅 સારી પૃથ્વી અને જગ્યા પર ભૂખને દૂર કરવા માટે. સવારે 3:45 વાગ્યે ઉઠ્યા પછી
સ્નાન કરો અને બૌદ્ધ પતંજલિ યોગિક ધ્યાન કરો
શરીરની તમામ સ્થિતિમાં શ્વાસ બહાર કાઢવો.
મેડિટેટિવ માઇન્ડફુલ સ્વિમિંગ કરો
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ
સત્તા પ્રાપ્ત જંબુદીપા મહા માયાવતીજીએ કહ્યું કે તેઓ અશોકનને પાછા લાવશે
શાસન જંબુદીપને જંબુસંડા તરીકે પણ ઓળખવામાં આવે છે જે જાંબુ-વૃક્ષ ઉગાડે છે
તેનું નામ (નાગા) પરથી પડ્યું છે જે તેના પ્રતિનિધિત્વ માટે ત્યાં ઉગે છે
પૂર્વે 3જી સદીમાં ક્ષેત્ર
જાંબુદીપાના સશક્ત એબોરિજિનલ
અનુસૂચિત જાતિના નેતા અને ઉત્તર પ્રદેશના ભૂતપૂર્વ મુખ્ય પ્રધાન
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ
જાંબુદીપાના સશક્ત એબોરિજિનલ
મહા માયાવતીએ કહ્યું કે હરીફ પાર્ટીઓ બસપાને સત્તામાં આવતા રોકવા માટે તમામ યુક્તિઓનો ઉપયોગ કરી રહી છે.
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ
જાંબુદીપાના સશક્ત એબોરિજિનલ
મહા
માયાવતીએ ઈલેક્ટ્રોનિક વોટિંગના ઉપયોગ અંગે પણ ચિંતા વ્યક્ત કરી હતી
મશીનો. “1984 થી, બેલેટ પેપરનો ઉપયોગ, મતની ટકાવારી નથી
ઘટાડો થયો
ઈવીએમના ઉપયોગથી પક્ષની મતદાનની ટકાવારી ઘટી ગઈ છે
નીચે વિવિધ દેશોમાં ઈવીએમ પાછું ખેંચી લેવામાં આવ્યું હતું અને બેલેટ પેપર લેવામાં આવ્યા હતા
ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવી રહ્યો છે. EVMનું કામ છે કે BSPના વોટ ઘટ્યા છે. આઈ
ચૂંટણી પંચને બેલેટ પેપરનો ઉપયોગ કરવા વિનંતી કરી છે,” તેણીએ કહ્યું
જંબુદીપના શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ સશક્ત આદિવાસી
મહા
માયાવતીએ કહ્યું કે તેમની બસપા કોઈ પણ પાર્ટી સાથે ગઠબંધન કરશે નહીં
આગામી રાજ્યની ચૂંટણીઓ અથવા 2024ની રાષ્ટ્રીય ચૂંટણી.
“BSP
રાજસ્થાન, છત્તીસગઢ અને કોઈપણ પક્ષ સાથે ગઠબંધન નહીં કરે
કર્ણાટક વિધાનસભા ચૂંટણી તેમજ 2024ની લોકસભા ચૂંટણી.
તેણીએ કહ્યુ.
તેણે વિદેશીઓ સામે પણ નવો હુમલો કર્યો
બેને ઇઝરાયેલ, તિબેટ, આફ્રિકા, પશ્ચિમ યુરોપ, પૂર્વીમાંથી બહાર કાઢ્યા
જર્મની, દક્ષિણ રશિયા, પૂર્વ યુરોપ, હંગેરી ચિત્પાવન બ્રાહ્મણ
રાખડી
નફરત, ગુસ્સો, ઈર્ષ્યાનો આચરણ કરતા સ્વયં સેવકો નંબર વન આતંકવાદીઓ,
ભ્રમણા, મૂર્ખતા જે મનની અશુદ્ધિ છે જેને માનસિક આવશ્યકતા છે
ભગવા પક્ષ માટે માનસિક આશ્રયસ્થાનોમાં સારવાર
“ખોટાને કારણે
ભાજપ સરકારની નીતિઓને કારણે લોકો કુદરતી આફતનો સામનો કરી રહ્યા છે.
તેણીએ આગળ ના ડૂબી જવાના સ્પષ્ટ સંદર્ભમાં જણાવ્યું હતું
ઉત્તરાખંડનું જોશીમઠ શહેર.
“કેન્દ્રીય એજન્સીઓનું રાજનીતિકરણ કરવામાં આવ્યું છે,” ધ
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ
જાંબુદીપાના સશક્ત એબોરિજિનલ
નેતાએ કહ્યું.
તેણીએ
કોંગ્રેસ અને એસપી પર પણ નિશાન સાધ્યું: “ઓબીસી, એસસી/એસટી માટે અનામત
ભાજપ સરકાર દ્વારા અમલ કરવામાં આવતો નથી. કોંગ્રેસ અને
સમાજવાદી પાર્ટીએ ઓબીસી, એસસી અને એસટી સમુદાય સાથે પણ છેતરપિંડી કરી છે.
માયાવતીએ 67મો જન્મદિવસ ઉજવ્યો, 2024 માટે આશાવાદી
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ
જાંબુદીપાના સશક્ત એબોરિજિનલ
સુનિશ્ચિત
જાતિ મહા માયાવતી, બહુજન સમાજ પાર્ટી (BSP) ના વડા અને
ઉત્તર પ્રદેશના ચાર વખત મુખ્યમંત્રી રહી ચૂકેલા, 15 જાન્યુઆરી 1956ના રોજ જન્મ્યા હતા
દિલ્હીમાં એ
જંબુદીપના શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ સશક્ત આદિવાસી
જાગૃત આદિવાસી અનુસૂચિત જાતિ પરિવાર.
ઉપરાંત
ઉત્તર પ્રદેશના સૌથી મહત્વપૂર્ણ રાજકીય નેતાઓમાંના એક હોવાને કારણે, તેણી
એક સશક્ત જાગૃત એબોરિજિનલ અનુસૂચિત જાતિનું ચિહ્ન અને તેણીનો દબદબો છે
ની સીમાઓથી દૂર સુધી વિસ્તરે છે
જંબુદીપના શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ સશક્ત આદિવાસી
આદિવાસી અનુસૂચિત જાતિ પ્રબુદ્ધ ભારતનું સૌથી વધુ વસ્તી ધરાવતું રાજ્ય.
અમે અંદર રહેવાનું ચાલુ રાખીએ છીએ
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ સશક્ત જંબુદીપ
——–1
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ
જાંબુદીપાના સશક્ત એબોરિજિનલ
સુનિશ્ચિત
જાતિ મહા માયાવતીનું બાળપણ સાદું હતું, અને તેમના પિતા પ્રભુદાસ,
પોસ્ટ ઓફિસમાં નોકરી કરી હતી.
તેણીએ તેની સ્નાતકની ડિગ્રી મેળવી
કાલિંદી વિમેન્સ કોલેજમાંથી આર્ટસ અને કેમ્પસ લોમાંથી કાયદાની ડિગ્રી
કેન્દ્ર, દિલ્હી યુનિવર્સિટી.
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ
જાંબુદીપાના સશક્ત એબોરિજિનલ
સુનિશ્ચિત
જાતિ મહા માયાવતીનું બાળપણ સાદું હતું, અને તેમના પિતા પ્રભુદાસ,
પોસ્ટ ઓફિસમાં નોકરી કરી હતી. જંબુદીપાના ઉમદા, કરુણાપૂર્ણ સશક્ત એબોરિજિનલ
સુનિશ્ચિત
જાતિ
જનતા પાર્ટીના રાજ નારાયણ દ્વારા આયોજિત, જેમણે હરાવ્યું હતું
ઇન્દિરા ગાંધીએ રાયબરેલીથી લોકસભાની ચૂંટણીમાં વારંવાર
ઉલ્લેખ
જંબુદીપના શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ સશક્ત આદિવાસી
હરિજન તરીકે અનુસૂચિત જાતિ.
આનાથી યુવાન ગુસ્સે થયો
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ
જાંબુદીપાના સશક્ત એબોરિજિનલ
સુનિશ્ચિત
આ કાર્યક્રમમાં ઉપસ્થિત રહેલા જ્ઞાતિ મહા માયાવતી. પત્રકાર તરીકે
ભૂપેશ ભંડારીએ ડિસેમ્બર 2011માં બિઝનેસ સ્ટાન્ડર્ડમાં લખ્યું:
“પણ
તે શરૂઆતના દિવસોમાં તેણીએ [હરિજન] શબ્દ શોધી કાઢ્યો હતો
મહાત્મા ગાંધી, નમ્ર અને તેથી ભારે અપમાનજનક. તેણી ઉપર ચાલી
સ્ટેજ પર ગયો અને રાજ નારાયણને ફાડી નાખ્યો. થોડા મહિના પછી, એ
ઠંડી
શિયાળાની રાત,
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ
જાંબુદીપાના સશક્ત એબોરિજિનલ
અનુસૂચિત જાતિ મહા મણ્યાવર કાંશી રામ [બીએસપીના સ્થાપક] તેમની ઘરે મુલાકાત લીધી.
આ
બરલી શીખ [તેનો પરિવાર સશક્ત જાગૃત એબોરિજિનલનો હતો
અનુસૂચિત જાતિ સમુદાય પરંતુ શીખ ધર્મમાં પરિવર્તિત થયો હતો] તેણે પોતાનો ત્યાગ કર્યો હતો
એમ્પાવર્ડ જાગૃત એબોરિજિનલના કારણ સામે લડવા માટે સરકારી નોકરી
અનુસૂચિત જાતિ સમુદાય.
તેણે તેણીને જણાવ્યું હતું કે જો તેણી
તેનું અનુસરણ કર્યું, એક દિવસ તે IAS અધિકારીઓને ઓર્ડર આપશે. તે હતી
એક આગાહી જે સાચી થશે.
જંબુદીપના શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, દયાળુ સશક્ત આદિવાસી
સુનિશ્ચિત
જ્ઞાતિ મહા મણ્યાવર કાંશીરામે 1984માં બસપાની સ્થાપના કરી હતી
શાશ્વત, ગૌરવપૂર્ણ, મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ, પરોપકારી, સી સશક્ત આદિવાસી
જાંબુદિપા મહા માયાવતી તેમની મુખ્ય ટીમના સભ્ય છે.
આ છે
જંબુદીપ એ એક નામ છે જેનો ઉપયોગ મોટાભાગે ગ્રેટરના પ્રદેશનું વર્ણન કરવા માટે થાય છે
પ્રાચીન સ્ત્રોતોમાં પ્રબુદ્ધ ભારત. આ શબ્દની વિભાવના પર આધારિત છે
દ્વિપ, જેનો અર્થ પ્રાચીન બ્રહ્માંડમાં “ટાપુ” અથવા “ખંડ” થાય છે.
જંબુદ્વીપ શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ અશોક દ્વારા તેમના આદિવાસી ક્ષેત્રને રજૂ કરવા માટે કરવામાં આવ્યો હતો.
આ
બૌદ્ધ બ્રહ્માંડ વિજ્ઞાન ભૂમંડાલ (પૃથ્વીનું વર્તુળ) ને વિભાજિત કરે છે
ત્રણ અલગ-અલગ સ્તરો: કામધાતુ (ઇચ્છાનું ક્ષેત્ર), રુપધાતુ (સ્વરૂપ
ક્ષેત્ર), અને અરુપ્યધાતુ (નિરાકાર ક્ષેત્ર). કામધાતુમાં સ્થિત છે
સુમેરુ પર્વત જે ચાર દ્વીપ-ખંડોથી ઘેરાયેલો હોવાનું કહેવાય છે.
“ધ
દક્ષિણના ટાપુને જંબુદીપ કહેવામાં આવે છે. ના અન્ય ત્રણ ખંડો
સુમેરુની આસપાસના બૌદ્ધ ખાતાઓ મનુષ્યો માટે સુલભ નથી
જંબુદીપનો આકાર ત્રિકોણ જેવો છે, જેમાં દક્ષિણ તરફ મુખવાળા બિંદુ છે, કંઈક અંશે ભારતીય ઉપખંડની જેમ. તેના કેન્દ્રમાં એ છે
વિશાળ જાંબુ વૃક્ષ કે જેના પરથી ખંડ તેનું નામ લે છે, જેનો અર્થ થાય છે “જાંબુ
જંબુદીપ, ચાર મહાદીપોમાંથી એક અથવા મહાન ખંડો, જે ચકવાલામાં સમાવિષ્ટ છે અને તેના પર ચકાવટ્ટીનું શાસન છે.
તેઓ સુમેરુ પર્વતની આસપાસ જૂથબદ્ધ છે. જંબુદીપમાં હિમાવા તેના ચોર્યાસી હજાર શિખરો, તેના તળાવો, પર્વતમાળાઓ વગેરે સાથે છે.
આ
ખંડનું નામ જાંબુ-વૃક્ષ (જેને નાગા પણ કહેવાય છે) પરથી પડ્યું છે
ત્યાં ઉગે છે, તેનું થડ પંદર યોજન પરિઘમાં છે, તેનો ફેલાવો છે
શાખાઓ પચાસ યોજન લંબાઇમાં, તેની છાયામાં સો યોજન
હદ અને તેની ઊંચાઈ સો યોજન
આના કારણે
વૃક્ષ, જંબુદીપને જંબુસંડા તરીકે પણ ઓળખવામાં આવે છે .આ ખંડ દસ છે
હદમાં હજાર યોજનાઓ; આ દસ હજારમાંથી ચાર હજાર છે
સમુદ્ર દ્વારા આવરી લેવામાં, હિમાલય પર્વતો દ્વારા ત્રણ હજાર, જ્યારે
ત્રણ હજાર પુરુષો વસે છે
જંબુદીપ એ પ્રદેશ છે જ્યાં
મનુષ્યો રહે છે અને તે એકમાત્ર એવી જગ્યા છે જ્યાં વ્યક્તિ જાગૃત થઈ શકે છે
મનુષ્ય તરીકે જન્મ લઈને.
તે જંબુદીપમાં છે કે એક થઈ શકે છે
ધમ્મની ભેટ મેળવો અને ચાર ઉમદા સત્યોને સમજવા આવો,
નોબલ એઈટફોલ્ડ પાથ અને આખરે
જીવન અને મૃત્યુના ચક્રમાંથી મુક્તિની અનુભૂતિ કરો.
અન્ય
સંદર્ભ બૌદ્ધ ગ્રંથ મહાવંશમાંથી છે, જ્યાં સમ્રાટ
અશોકનો પુત્ર મહિન્દા શ્રીલંકાના રાજા સાથે પોતાનો પરિચય કરાવે છે
જંબુદિપામાંથી દેવનામપિયાતિસા, હવે શું છે તેનો ઉલ્લેખ કરે છે
પ્રબુદ્ધ ભારતીય ઉપખંડ. આ મહાયાનના કૃતિગર્ભ સૂત્રમાં આધારિત છે.
——————-2
ભૌગોલિક રાજકીય અર્થમાં જંબુદીપ
આ
જંબુદીપ શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ અશોક દ્વારા કદાચ 3જીમાં તેમના રાજ્યનું પ્રતિનિધિત્વ કરવા માટે કરવામાં આવ્યો છે
સદી પૂર્વે, તે જ પરિભાષા પછીના શિલાલેખોમાં પુનરાવર્તિત થાય છે
દાખલા તરીકે દસમી સદી એડીનો મૈસોરિયન શિલાલેખ જે પ્રદેશનું વર્ણન પણ કરે છે,
સંભવતઃ ભારત, જંબુદીપ તરીકે.
‘આ
કુન્તલા દેશ (જેમાં મૈસુરના ઉત્તર-પશ્ચિમ ભાગોનો સમાવેશ થાય છે અને
બોમ્બે પ્રેસિડેન્સીના દક્ષિણ ભાગો)નું શાસન હતું
નવ-નંદા,
ગુપ્ત-કુલ, મૌર્ય રાજાઓ; પછી રત્તોએ તેના પર શાસન કર્યું:
જેમના પછી ચાલુક્યો હતા; પછી કાલચુર્ય પરિવાર; અને પછી
તેઓ (હોયસાલા) બલ્લાલાસ.’ અન્ય, કુબતુર ખાતે, સ્પષ્ટપણે જણાવે છે કે
ચંદ્રગુપ્તે ભારત-ક્ષેત્રની દક્ષિણમાં નાગા-ખંડા પર શાસન કર્યું
જંબુદીપનું :
આ ઘણા બધામાં નાગારા-ખંડા સિત્તેર છે
શિલાલેખો, જેમાંથી બંધાનિકે (શિમોગામાં બંદાલીકે) હોવાનું જણાય છે
મુખ્ય નગર હતું.
અને આગળ, નીચે નોંધવામાં આવેલ એક રેકોર્ડ કહે છે કે કદંબ રાજાની પુત્રીઓ ગુપ્તાઓ સાથે લગ્નમાં આપવામાં આવી હતી.
મૈસુરનો અહેવાલ
માઉન્ટ
મેરુ (સુમેરુ (સંસ્કૃત) અથવા સિનેરુ (પાલી) અથવા કાંગરીનબોકે પણ છે
બૌદ્ધ કોસ્મોલોજીમાં કેન્દ્રીય વિશ્વ-પર્વતનું નામ.
વ્યુત્પત્તિશાસ્ત્રની દ્રષ્ટિએ, પર્વતનું યોગ્ય નામ મેરુ (પાલી મેરુ) છે, જેમાં અનુમોદનીય ઉપસર્ગ સુ- ઉમેરવામાં આવે છે.
જેનો અર્થ થાય છે “ઉત્તમ મેરુ” અથવા “અદ્ભુત મેરુ”.
અધિકાર પ્રાપ્ત જંબુદીપ બ્રહ્માંડ
જંબુદીપ
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) ચાર ખંડોમાંનો એક, જે
મેરુ પર્વતની દક્ષિણે.) દક્ષિણમાં સ્થિત છે અને તેનું નિવાસસ્થાન છે
સામાન્ય મનુષ્યો.
તેનો આકાર ટ્રેપેઝોઇડલ છે અથવા કુહાડીના માથાના આકાર જેવો છે. તે માનવ વિશ્વ છે જેમાં આપણે
તેને “કાર્ટ જેવો” આકાર આપવામાં આવ્યો હોવાનું કહેવાય છે, અથવા તેના બદલે એક મંદ નાકવાળો ત્રિકોણ જે બિંદુ દક્ષિણ તરફ હોય છે.
(આ વર્ણન કદાચ દક્ષિણ પ્રબુદ્ધ ભારતના દરિયાકાંઠાના આકારનો પડઘો પાડે છે.
કર્ણાટક
ભૌગોલિક રાજકીય અર્થમાં જંબુદ્વીપા
આ
જંબુદ્વીપ શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ અશોક દ્વારા કદાચ 3જીમાં તેમના રાજ્યનું પ્રતિનિધિત્વ કરવા માટે કરવામાં આવ્યો છે
સદી પૂર્વે, તે જ પરિભાષા પછીના સમયમાં પુનરાવર્તિત થાય છે
દાખલા તરીકે મૈસૂરિયન શિલાલેખ દસમી સદી એડી
જે પ્રદેશનું પણ વર્ણન કરે છે, સંભવતઃ પ્રબુદ્ધ ભારત
જંબુદ્વીપા.
કુંતલ દેશ (જેમાં
મૈસુરના ઉત્તર-પશ્ચિમ ભાગો અને બોમ્બેના દક્ષિણ ભાગો
પ્રેસિડેન્સી) પર નવ-નંદ, ગુપ્ત-કુળ, મૌર્ય રાજાઓનું શાસન હતું;
પછી રત્તોએ તેના પર શાસન કર્યું: જેમના પછી ચાલુક્યો હતા; પછી આ
કલાચુર્ય પરિવાર;
તેમના પછી (હોયસલા) બલ્લાસ.
જંબુદીપ)
બૃહદ પ્રબુદ્ધના પ્રદેશનું વર્ણન કરવા માટે વારંવાર વપરાતું નામ છે
પ્રાચીન ભારતીય સ્ત્રોતોમાં ભરત. આ શબ્દની વિભાવના પર આધારિત છે
દ્વિપ, જેનો અર્થ પ્રાચીન પ્રબુદ્ધ ભારતીયમાં “ટાપુ” અથવા “ખંડ” થાય છે
કોસ્મોગોની
જંબુદ્વીપ શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ અશોકે રજૂ કરવા માટે કર્યો હતો
ત્રીજી સદી બીસીઇમાં તેમના ક્ષેત્રે. આ જ પરિભાષાનો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવ્યો હતો
અનુગામી ગ્રંથો, દાખલા તરીકે દસમાથી કન્નડ શિલાલેખો
સદી સીઇ જે પ્રદેશનું વર્ણન પણ કરે છે, સંભવતઃ પ્રાચીન પ્રબુદ્ધ
ભરત, જંબુદીપ તરીકે
“પ્રબુદ્ધ ભારત” માટે પ્રાકૃત નામ જંબુદિપાસી, અશોકના સહસ્રામ માઇનોર રોક એડિક્ટમાં, લગભગ 250 બીસીઇ (બ્રાહ્મી લિપિ).
તે
હદમાં 10,000 યોજનાઓ છે (વિભજ્યવાદ પરંપરા) અથવા તેની પરિમિતિ છે
6,000 યોજનાઓ (સર્વસ્તિવાદ પરંપરા) જેમાં ઉમેરી શકાય છે
માત્ર 3 1⁄2 યોજનાઓની લંબાઈનો દક્ષિણ કિનારો.
ખંડ લે છે
તેનું નામ વિશાળ જાંબુના ઝાડ (સિઝીજિયમ જીરું), 100 યોજન ઊંચા,
જે ખંડની મધ્યમાં ઉગે છે.
દરેક ખંડમાં આ વિશાળ વૃક્ષોમાંથી એક છે.
બધા જાગૃત એક બુદ્ધ જંબુદીપમાં દેખાય છે
આ
અહીંના લોકો પાંચથી છ ફૂટ ઊંચા હોય છે અને તેમની આયુષ્યની લંબાઈ બદલાય છે
10 થી પાવર 140 વર્ષ (આસંક્ય આયુ) અને 10 વર્ષ વચ્ચે.
“આ ખંડ કિમી કિમી જંબુબ્રીક્ષા જાંબુના વૃક્ષથી શોભતો હોવાથી, તેને ‘જંબુનો ખંડ’ અથવા જંબુદીપ તરીકે ઓળખવામાં આવે છે.
જાંબુના વૃક્ષને કેટલાક લોકો ગુલાબ-સફરજનનું વૃક્ષ (યુજેનિયા જાંબોલાના) માને છે.
વધુ તાજેતરની શિષ્યવૃત્તિ સૂચવે છે કે તે પ્લમની વિવિધતા હોઈ શકે છે.
જો કે, દંતકથા કહે છે કે માત્ર એક જાંબુનું વૃક્ષ અસ્તિત્વમાં છે, જે સામાન્ય વ્યક્તિઓને દેખાતું નથી પરંતુ માત્ર જાગૃત માણસોને જ દેખાય છે.
આ
બૌદ્ધ બ્રહ્માંડ વિજ્ઞાન ભૂમંડાલ (પૃથ્વીનું વર્તુળ) ને વિભાજિત કરે છે
ત્રણ અલગ-અલગ સ્તરો: કામધાતુ (ઇચ્છાનું ક્ષેત્ર), રુપધાતુ (સ્વરૂપ
ક્ષેત્ર), અને અરુપ્યધાતુ (નિરાકાર ક્ષેત્ર). કામધાતુમાં સ્થિત છે
સુમેરુ પર્વત જે ચાર દ્વીપ-ખંડોથી ઘેરાયેલો હોવાનું કહેવાય છે.
“ધ
દક્ષિણના ટાપુને જંબુદીપ કહેવામાં આવે છે. ના અન્ય ત્રણ ખંડો
સુમેરુની આસપાસના બૌદ્ધ ખાતાઓ મનુષ્યો માટે સુલભ નથી
જંબુદીપ.
જંબુદીપ ત્રિકોણ જેવો આકાર ધરાવે છે જેમાં એક મંદ બિંદુ છે
દક્ષિણ તરફનો ચહેરો, કંઈક અંશે ભારતીય ઉપખંડની જેમ.
તેના કેન્દ્રમાં એક વિશાળ જાંબુ વૃક્ષ છે જેના પરથી ખંડ તેનું નામ લે છે, જેનો અર્થ થાય છે “જાંબુ ટાપુ”.
જંબુદીપ, ચાર મહાદીપોમાંથી એક, અથવા મહાન ખંડો, જે ચક્કવાલમાં સમાવિષ્ટ છે અને તેનું શાસન છે.
કક્કાવટ્ટી.
તેઓ સુમેરુ પર્વતની આસપાસ જૂથબદ્ધ છે. જંબુદીપમાં હિમાવા છે
તેના ચોર્યાસી હજાર શિખરો, તેના તળાવો, પર્વતમાળાઓ વગેરે સાથે.
——-3
જો કે, દંતકથા કહે છે કે માત્ર એક જાંબુનું વૃક્ષ અસ્તિત્વમાં છે, જે સામાન્ય વ્યક્તિઓને દેખાતું નથી પરંતુ માત્ર જાગૃત માણસોને જ દેખાય છે.
આ
બૌદ્ધ બ્રહ્માંડ વિજ્ઞાન ભૂમંડાલ (પૃથ્વીનું વર્તુળ) ને વિભાજિત કરે છે
ત્રણ અલગ-અલગ સ્તરો: કામધાતુ (ઇચ્છાનું ક્ષેત્ર),
રૂપધાતુ (સ્વરૂપ
ક્ષેત્ર), અને અરુપ્યધાતુ (નિરાકાર ક્ષેત્ર). કામધાતુમાં સ્થિત છે
સુમેરુ પર્વત જે ચાર દ્વીપ-ખંડોથી ઘેરાયેલો હોવાનું કહેવાય છે.
“ધ
દક્ષિણના ટાપુને જંબુદીપ કહેવામાં આવે છે. ના અન્ય ત્રણ ખંડો
સુમેરુની આસપાસના બૌદ્ધ ખાતાઓ મનુષ્યો માટે સુલભ નથી
જંબુદીપ.
જંબુદીપ ત્રિકોણ જેવો આકાર ધરાવે છે જેમાં એક મંદ બિંદુ છે
દક્ષિણ તરફનો ચહેરો, કંઈક અંશે ભારતીય ઉપખંડની જેમ.
તેના કેન્દ્રમાં એક વિશાળ જાંબુ વૃક્ષ છે જેના પરથી ખંડ તેનું નામ લે છે, જેનો અર્થ થાય છે “જાંબુ ટાપુ”.
જંબુદીપ, ચાર મહાદીપોમાંથી એક, અથવા મહાન ખંડો, જે ચક્કવાલમાં સમાવિષ્ટ છે અને તેનું શાસન છે.
કક્કાવટ્ટી.
તેઓ સુમેરુ પર્વતની આસપાસ જૂથબદ્ધ છે. જંબુદીપમાં હિમાવા છે
તેના ચોર્યાસી હજાર શિખરો, તેના તળાવો, પર્વતમાળાઓ વગેરે સાથે.
જો કે, દંતકથા કહે છે કે માત્ર એક જાંબુનું વૃક્ષ અસ્તિત્વમાં છે, જે સામાન્ય વ્યક્તિઓને દેખાતું નથી પરંતુ માત્ર જાગૃત માણસોને જ દેખાય છે.
આ
બૌદ્ધ બ્રહ્માંડ વિજ્ઞાન ભૂમંડાલ (પૃથ્વીનું વર્તુળ) ને વિભાજિત કરે છે
ત્રણ અલગ-અલગ સ્તરો: કામધાતુ (ઇચ્છાનું ક્ષેત્ર), રુપધાતુ (સ્વરૂપ
ક્ષેત્ર), અને અરુપ્યધાતુ (નિરાકાર ક્ષેત્ર). કામધાતુમાં સ્થિત છે
સુમેરુ પર્વત જે ચાર દ્વીપ-ખંડોથી ઘેરાયેલો હોવાનું કહેવાય છે.
“ધ
દક્ષિણના ટાપુને જંબુદીપ કહેવામાં આવે છે. ના અન્ય ત્રણ ખંડો
સુમેરુની આસપાસના બૌદ્ધ ખાતાઓ મનુષ્યો માટે સુલભ નથી
જંબુદીપ.
જંબુદીપ ત્રિકોણ જેવો આકાર ધરાવે છે જેમાં એક મંદ બિંદુ છે
દક્ષિણ તરફનો ચહેરો, કંઈક અંશે ભારતીય ઉપખંડની જેમ.
તેના કેન્દ્રમાં એક વિશાળ જાંબુ વૃક્ષ છે જેના પરથી ખંડ તેનું નામ લે છે, જેનો અર્થ થાય છે “જાંબુ ટાપુ”.
જંબુદીપ, ચાર મહાદીપોમાંથી એક, અથવા મહાન ખંડો, જે ચક્કવાલમાં સમાવિષ્ટ છે અને તેનું શાસન છે.
કક્કાવટ્ટી.
તેઓ સુમેરુ પર્વતની આસપાસ જૂથબદ્ધ છે. જંબુદીપમાં હિમાવા છે
તેના ચોર્યાસી હજાર શિખરો, તેના તળાવો, પર્વતમાળાઓ,
આ ખંડનું નામ જાંબુ-વૃક્ષ (જેને નાગા પણ કહેવાય છે) પરથી પડ્યું છે જે ત્યાં ઉગે છે, તેનું થડ પંદર યોજન પરિઘમાં છે,
તેના
પચાસ યોજન લંબાઈમાં શાખાઓ ફેલાવે છે, તેની છાયા એક
હદ અને તેની ઊંચાઈ સો યોજનાઓ (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
આ વૃક્ષના કારણે જંબુદીપને જંબુસંડા (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121) તરીકે પણ ઓળખવામાં આવે છે.
આ
ખંડ દસ હજાર યોજનનો છે; આ દસ હજારમાંથી ચાર
હજાર સમુદ્ર દ્વારા આવરી લેવામાં આવે છે, ત્રણ હજાર દ્વારા
હિમાલય
પર્વતો, જ્યારે ત્રણ હજાર માણસો વસે છે ત્યારે જંબુદીપ છે
તે પ્રદેશ જ્યાં મનુષ્યો રહે છે અને તે એકમાત્ર જગ્યા છે જ્યાં કોઈ વ્યક્તિ બની શકે છે
મનુષ્ય તરીકે જન્મ લઈને પ્રબુદ્ધ બનો.
આ મહાયાનના કૃતિગર્ભ સૂત્રમાં આધારિત છે.
ભૌગોલિક રાજકીય અર્થમાં જંબુદીપ શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ અશોક દ્વારા કદાચ ત્રીજી સદી બીસીમાં તેમના ક્ષેત્રને રજૂ કરવા માટે કરવામાં આવ્યો હતો,
દાખલા તરીકે અનુગામી શિલાલેખોમાં સમાન પરિભાષાનું પુનરાવર્તન થાય છે
મૈસૂરિયન
દસમી સદી એડીનો શિલાલેખ જે પણ વર્ણન કરે છે
પ્રદેશ, સંભવતઃ ભારત, જંબુદિપા તરીકે. કુન્તલા દેશ (જેનો સમાવેશ થાય છે
મૈસુરના ઉત્તર-પશ્ચિમ ભાગો અને બોમ્બેના દક્ષિણ ભાગો
પ્રેસિડેન્સી) પર નવ-નંદ, ગુપ્ત-કુળ, મૌર્ય રાજાઓનું શાસન હતું
પછી રત્તોએ તેના પર શાસન કર્યું : જેમના પછી ચાલુક્યો હતા; પછી આ
કલાચુર્ય
કુટુંબ; અને તેમના પછી (હોયસાલા) બલ્લાલા.’’ બીજું, કુબતુર ખાતે,
સ્પષ્ટપણે જણાવે છે કે ચંદ્ર ગુપ્તાએ દક્ષિણમાં નાગા-ખંડા પર શાસન કર્યું હતું
જંબુદીપના ભરત-ક્ષેત્રનું :
આ નગારા-ખંડા છે
ઘણા બધા શિલાલેખોમાંથી સિત્તેર, જેમાંથી બંદાનિકે(બંદલીકે માં
શિમોગા) મુખ્ય શહેર હોવાનું જણાય છે
નીચે નોંધ્યું છે કે કદંબ રાજાની પુત્રીઓને આપવામાં આવી હતી
ગુપ્તા સાથે લગ્ન. મૈસુરનો વાર્ષિક અહેવાલ
વ્યુત્પત્તિશાસ્ત્રની દ્રષ્ટિએ, ધ
પર્વતનું યોગ્ય નામ મેરુ (પાલી મેરુ) છે, જેમાં ઉમેરવામાં આવ્યું છે
મંજૂર ઉપસર્ગ su-, જેનો અર્થ થાય છે “ઉત્તમ મેરુ” અથવા
“અદ્ભુત મેરુ”.
——4
આ
બૌદ્ધ બ્રહ્માંડ વિજ્ઞાન ભૂમંડાલ (પૃથ્વીનું વર્તુળ) ને વિભાજિત કરે છે
ત્રણ અલગ-અલગ સ્તરો: કામધાતુ (ઇચ્છાનું ક્ષેત્ર), રુપધાતુ (સ્વરૂપ
ક્ષેત્ર), અને અરુપ્યધાતુ (નિરાકાર ક્ષેત્ર). કામધાતુમાં સ્થિત છે.
સુમેરુ પર્વત જે ચાર દ્વીપ-ખંડોથી ઘેરાયેલો હોવાનું કહેવાય છે.
“ધ
દક્ષિણના ટાપુને જંબુદીપ કહેવામાં આવે છે. ના અન્ય ત્રણ ખંડો
સુમેરુની આસપાસના બૌદ્ધ ખાતાઓ મનુષ્યો માટે સુલભ નથી
જંબુદીપ. જંબુદીપ ત્રિકોણ જેવો આકાર ધરાવે છે જેમાં એક મંદ બિંદુ છે
પ્રબુદ્ધ ભારતીય ઉપખંડની જેમ, દક્ષિણ તરફ મુખ.
તેના કેન્દ્રમાં એક વિશાળ જાંબુ વૃક્ષ છે જેના પરથી ખંડ તેનું નામ લે છે, જેનો અર્થ થાય છે “જાંબુ ટાપુ”.
જંબુદીપ,
ચાર મહાદીપોમાંથી એક અથવા મહાન ખંડો, જેમાં સમાવિષ્ટ છે
કક્કાવાલા અને કક્કાવટ્ટી દ્વારા શાસન કરવામાં આવે છે. તેઓ રાઉન્ડમાં જૂથ થયેલ છે
સુમેરુ પર્વત.
જંબુદીપમાં હિમાવા તેના ચોર્યાસી હજાર શિખરો, તેના સરોવરો, પર્વતમાળાઓ વગેરે સાથે છે.
આ
ખંડનું નામ જાંબુ-વૃક્ષ (જેને નાગા પણ કહેવાય છે) પરથી પડ્યું છે
ત્યાં ઉગે છે, તેનું થડ પંદર યોજન પરિઘમાં છે, તેનો ફેલાવો છે
શાખાઓ પચાસ યોજન લંબાઈ,
તેની છાયા સો યોજન હદમાં અને તેની ઊંચાઈ સો યોજન (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, વગેરે)
આ વૃક્ષના કારણે જંબુદીપને જંબુસંડા (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121) તરીકે પણ ઓળખવામાં આવે છે.
આ
ખંડ દસ હજાર યોજનનો છે; આ દસ હજારમાંથી,
ચાર હજાર સમુદ્રથી, ત્રણ હજાર હિમાલય દ્વારા આવરી લેવામાં આવ્યા છે
પર્વતો, જ્યારે ત્રણ હજાર પુરુષો વસે છે (SNA.ii.437;
UdA.300).
જંબુદ્વીપ એ પ્રદેશ છે જ્યાં મનુષ્યો રહે છે અને છે
એકમાત્ર સ્થાન જ્યાં એક તરીકે જન્મીને કોઈ વ્યક્તિ પ્રબુદ્ધ બની શકે છે
માનવી.
તે જંબુદ્વીપમાં છે કે જે વ્યક્તિને ભેટ મળી શકે છે
ધર્મ અને ચાર ઉમદા સત્ય, ઉમદા સમજવા માટે આવો
આઠ ગણો પાથ અને આખરે ના ચક્રમાંથી મુક્તિની અનુભૂતિ કરો
જીવન અને મરણ.
બીજો સંદર્ભ બૌદ્ધ ગ્રંથમાંથી છે
મહાવંશ, જ્યાં સમ્રાટ અશોકનો પુત્ર મહિન્દા પોતાનો પરિચય કરાવે છે
શ્રીલંકાના રાજા દેવનામપિયાતિસા જંબુદ્વીપામાંથી, ઉલ્લેખ કરે છે
હવે ભારતીય ઉપખંડ શું છે. આ કૃતિગર્ભમાં આધારિત છે
મહાયાનમાં સૂત્ર.
એક સર્વે અનુસાર, જો ભારતમાં જૈનો 0.3% થી 3% પર જશે તો અમે અમેરિકા અને ચીનને પાછળ રાખીશું.
તો ચાલો આપણે કેટલીક હકીકતો વિશે વાત કરીએ:
● રાષ્ટ્રીય સરેરાશ સાક્ષરતા દર 65%, જૈન સરેરાશ સાક્ષરતા દર 94%.
● સ્ત્રી રાષ્ટ્રીય સરેરાશ સાક્ષરતા દર 54%, જૈન સ્ત્રી સરેરાશ સાક્ષરતા દર 91%.
● કુલ CA ના 50% જૈનો છે.
● ફોર્બ્સ અનુસાર, જૈનો ભારત અને બેલ્જિયમના સૌથી ધનિક લોકો છે.
● જૈનો ભારતીય વસ્તીના 0.3% છે પરંતુ તેઓ 24% આવકવેરો ચૂકવે છે. [2009માં જૈનોએ આવકવેરાનો 42% પણ ચૂકવ્યો છે]
● જૈનો રાષ્ટ્રીય વિકાસમાં 25% યોગદાન આપે છે.
● વિશ્વમાં 65% ડાયમંડ અને ગોલ્ડ બિઝનેસ જૈનો દ્વારા કરવામાં આવે છે.
● 62% દાન જૈનો દ્વારા કરવામાં આવે છે.
● 46% સ્ટોક બ્રોકર્સ જૈન છે.
● 33% એરલાઇન ઉદ્યોગ જૈનો દ્વારા નિયંત્રિત છે.
● 20% ફાર્માસ્યુટિકલ્સ અને ટેક્સટાઈલ જૈનો દ્વારા નિયંત્રિત છે.
● જૈનોની આયુષ્ય સૌથી વધુ 71 વર્ષની છે.
● 16,000 ગૌશાળાઓમાંથી 9,600 જૈનો દ્વારા ચલાવવામાં આવે છે.
● આલ્બર આઈન્સ્ટાઈને એકવાર કહ્યું હતું કે મને ખબર નથી કે પુનર્જન્મ છે કે નહીં પણ જો તે થાય તો હું જૈન બનવા માંગુ છું.
●
વિશ્વ પર્યાવરણ સમિતિની વાર્ષિક સમિટ અનુસાર, જર્મનીમાં
2010 “જો આપણે પૃથ્વીને ગ્લોબલ વોર્મિંગથી બચાવવી હોય તો આપણે તેનું પાલન કરવું પડશે
જૈનની જીવનશૈલી અને સિદ્ધાંતો.
● અન્યોની જેમ ક્યારેય કોઈ લઘુમતી કાર્ડ રમશો નહીં.
●
જૈનોને વ્યવસાય કેવી રીતે કરવો તે શીખવવામાં આવતું નથી, તે આપણા જનીનોમાં છે. [તમે નથી કરતા
સિંહના બાળકને શિકાર કેવી રીતે કરવો તે શીખવો અને એ જ રીતે એનું બાળક
જૈનોને ધંધો કેવી રીતે કરવો તે પણ શીખવવામાં આવતું નથી].
● જૈનો જોબ સીકર્સ નથી, અમે જોબ આપનારા છીએ.
●
વકીલો, ડોકટરો બીજાના દુઃખ પર જીવે છે જ્યારે સીએ પર જીવે છે
અન્યની વૃદ્ધિ અથવા સુખ. [આ રીતે અમે વ્યવસાય પસંદ કરીએ છીએ].
● અમે કૂતરાઓને પ્રેમ કરતા નથી અને પછી મચ્છરોને મારીએ છીએ.
● અન્ય લોકો આ વેગન- ડાયેટિશિયન- માઇન્ડ કંટ્રોલ- માસ્ક પહેરીને કરી રહ્યા છે. જૈનો સદીઓથી આ કરતા આવ્યા છે.
● અમે Live & Let Live માં માનીએ છીએ. [મુકેશ અંબામીએ કહ્યું Jio અમે કહીએ છીએ Jio અને Jene do]
● અમે ‘હું’ માં માનતા નથી. અમે ‘યુએસ’માં માનીએ છીએ.
● સૌથી મોટા ઝઘડા એટલા માટે થાય છે કે તમે ખોટા છો અને હું સાચો છું. જૈનો કહે છે કે તમે સાચા છો અને હું પણ સાચો છું. (પારસ્પરિક આદર).
તો જૈનો આટલા શ્રીમંત અને મહાન કેમ છે ???
કારણો -
● જૈનો ડાયનામાઈટ છે પરોપજીવી નથી
● ઉત્તરાધિકારી આયોજન
● સર્વોચ્ચ જ્ઞાન (કૈવલ્ય જ્ઞાન)
● “અહિંસા વ્રત” નું વ્રત (કોઈ હિમસા નહીં ભલે માનસિક, મૌખિક અથવા શારીરિક રીતે.)
● જીવન દયા (જીવ દયા)
● સભાન મૂડીવાદ (કશો નહીં - પક્ષો, રાજકારણ, આનંદ, ક્લબિંગ, અભિનય)
(અમે પ્રાર્થના, ધ્યાન, આધ્યાત્મિકતા, ક્ષમા કરીએ છીએ).
● સમુદાય એ કુટુંબ છે.
● અખંડિતતા પર ખૂબ જ ઉચ્ચ
● અનિકાંતવડા (પરસ્પર આદર)
● ચતુર્વિધ દાન (ખોરાક, દવા, રક્ષણ, જ્ઞાનની 4 ગણી દાન).
————–5
110) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sindhi
ابدي، شاندار، دوستانه، احسان ڪندڙ، رحمدل بااختيار جمبوديپا ڪائنات
ھاڻي اھو آھي جيڪو توھان وٽ آھي
چڱيءَ طرح پاڪ دماغ ڪر
هي جسم لاءِ آهي
دنيا جي سڀني وڏن مذهبن جا عقلمند، ذهين ماڻهو
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل بااختيار جمبوديپا
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هي دماغ لاء آهي
اسان اندر هئاسين
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل بااختيار جمبوديپا
اسان اندر آهيون
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل بااختيار جمبوديپا
سڀني لاءِ ساڳيو ذائقو آهي نفرت ڪندڙن سميت آزاد پکين وانگر جيئڻ 🦅 سٺي ڌرتي ۽ خلا تي بک کي ختم ڪرڻ لاءِ. صبح جو 3:45 تي اٿڻ کان پوءِ
غسل ڪريو ۽ ٻڌ ڌرم پتانجلي يوگڪ مراقبت سانس وٺڻ ۽ ڪريو
جسم جي سڀني پوزيشن ۾ exhaling.
ميڊيٽيٽو مائنڊ فل ترڻ ڪريو
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل
بااختيار جمبوديپا مها ماياوتي جي چيو ته هوء اشوڪن کي واپس آڻيندي
جمبوديپا کي جمبوسنڊا جي نالي سان به سڃاتو وڃي ٿو جيڪو جمبو وڻ پوکي ٿو
ان جو نالو (ناگا) مان نڪتل آهي جيڪو اتي وڌندو آهي هن جي نمائندگي ڪرڻ لاءِ
3 صدي قبل مسيح ۾ سلطنت
JAMBUDIPA جو بااختيار اصل
شيڊول ذات جو اڳواڻ ۽ اتر پرديش جو اڳوڻو وڏو وزير
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل
JAMBUDIPA جو بااختيار اصل
مها ماياوتي چيو ته حريف پارٽيون بي ايس پي کي اقتدار ۾ اچڻ کان روڪڻ لاءِ سڀئي چالون استعمال ڪري رهيون آهن.
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل
JAMBUDIPA جو بااختيار اصل
مها
ماياوتي پڻ اليڪٽرانڪ ووٽنگ جي استعمال تي خدشات پيدا ڪيو
مشينون. 1984 کان وٺي، بيلٽ پيپر استعمال ڪيو ويو، ووٽ جو سيڪڙو نه
گھٽجي ويو
اي وي ايم جي استعمال سان، پارٽي ووٽنگ جو سيڪڙو ٿي ويو آهي
هيٺ. مختلف ملڪن ۾ EVM ڪڍيا ويا ۽ بيلٽ پيپرز
استعمال ڪيو پيو وڃي. اهو EVM جو ڪم آهي ته BSP ووٽ گهٽجي ويو آهي. اي
هن چيو ته اليڪشن ڪميشن کي بيلٽ پيپر استعمال ڪرڻ لاءِ زور ڏنو آهي
ابدي، شانائتو، دوستاڻو، احسان ڪندڙ، رحمدل بااختيار جمبوديپا جو اصلوڪن
مها
ماياوتي چيو ته سندس بي ايس پي ڪنهن به پارٽي سان اتحاد نه ڪندي
ايندڙ رياستي چونڊون يا 2024 جون قومي چونڊون.
”بي ايس پي
راجسٿان، ڇتيس ڳڙهه ۾ ڪنهن به پارٽي سان اتحاد نه ڪندو
ڪرناٽڪ اسيمبلي جي چونڊ ۽ گڏوگڏ 2024 لوڪ سبھا اليڪشن، ”
هن چيو.
هن پرڏيهين جي خلاف هڪ تازو حملو پڻ شروع ڪيو
بني اسرائيل، تبت، آفريڪا، مغربي يورپ، اڀرندي کان ٻاهر ڪڍيو ويو
جرمني، ڏکڻ روس، مشرقي يورپ، هنگري چتپاوان برهمڻ
روئيندڙ
سويم سيوڪ نمبر ون دهشتگرد نفرت، ڪاوڙ، حسد،
فريب، بيوقوفي جيڪي دماغ جي ناپاڪ آهن جن کي ذهني ضرورت آهي
زعفران پارٽي لاء ذهني پناهه تي علاج
”غلطيءَ جي ڪري
بي جي پي حڪومت جي پاليسين سبب عوام قدرتي آفت کي منهن ڏئي رهيو آهي.
هن وڌيڪ چيو ته ان جي ٻڏڻ جي حوالي سان هڪ ظاهري حوالي سان
اتراڪنڊ ۾ جوشيماٿ شهر.
“مرڪزي ايجنسين کي سياسي بڻايو ويو آهي،” جي
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل
JAMBUDIPA جو بااختيار اصل
اڳواڻ چيو.
هوءَ
ڪانگريس ۽ ايس پي کي به نشانو بڻايو: ”او بي سي، ايس سي/ ايس ٽي لاءِ رزرويشن
بي جي پي حڪومت طرفان لاڳو نه ڪيو ويو آهي. ڪانگريس ۽
سماج وادي پارٽي پڻ او بي سي، ايس سي ۽ ايس ٽي برادري کي ٺڳيو آهي.
ماياوتي 67 هين سالگره ملهائيندي، 2024 لاءِ پراميد
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل
JAMBUDIPA جو بااختيار اصل
شيڊول ٿيل
ذات مها ماياوتي، بهوجن سماج پارٽي (BSP) جي سربراهه ۽
اتر پرديش جو چار ڀيرا وڏو وزير رهيو، 15 جنوري 1956ع تي ڄائو
دهلي ۾ هڪ
ابدي، شانائتو، دوستاڻو، احسان ڪندڙ، رحمدل بااختيار جمبوديپا جو اصلوڪن
Aboriginal Scheduled Caste خاندان.
ان کان علاوه
هوءَ اتر پرديش جي اهم سياسي اڳواڻن مان آهي
هڪ بااختيار بيدار Aboriginal Scheduled Caste icon ۽ هن جو اثر آهي
جي حدن کان پري پکڙيل آهي
ابدي، شانائتو، دوستاڻو، احسان ڪندڙ، رحمدل بااختيار جمبوديپا جو اصلوڪن
Aboriginal Scheduled Caste Prabuddha Bharat جي سڀ کان وڌيڪ آبادي واري رياست.
اسان اندر ٿيڻ جاري رکون ٿا
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل بااختيار جمبوديپا
—1
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل
JAMBUDIPA جو بااختيار اصل
شيڊول ٿيل
ذات مها ماياوتي کي ننڍپڻ ۾ هڪ سادي هئي، ۽ سندس پيء، پرڀو داس،
پوسٽ آفيس ۾ ملازم هو.
هن پنهنجي بيچلر جي ڊگري حاصل ڪئي
ڪلندي وومين ڪاليج مان آرٽس، ۽ ڪيمپس لا مان قانون جي ڊگري
سينٽر، دهلي يونيورسٽي.
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل
JAMBUDIPA جو بااختيار اصل
شيڊول ٿيل
ذات مها ماياوتي کي ننڍپڻ ۾ هڪ سادي هئي، ۽ سندس پيء، پرڀو داس،
پوسٽ آفيس ۾ ملازم هو. حوصلو رکندڙ، رحمدل بااختيار جمبوديپا جو اصلوڪو
شيڊول ٿيل
ذات
جنتا پارٽي جي راج نارائن پاران منظم ڪيو ويو، جنهن کي شڪست ڏني هئي
اندرا گانڌي لوڪ سڀا جي چونڊن ۾ راءِ برلي مان بار بار کٽي
حوالو ڏنو
ابدي، شانائتو، دوستاڻو، احسان ڪندڙ، رحمدل بااختيار جمبوديپا جو اصلوڪن
شيڊول ذاتيون جيئن هريجن.
اهو نوجوان ناراض ٿي ويو
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل
JAMBUDIPA جو بااختيار اصل
شيڊول ٿيل
ذات مها ماياوتي، جيڪا تقريب ۾ موجود هئي. جيئن صحافي
ڀوپش ڀنڊاري ڊسمبر 2011 ۾ بزنس اسٽينڊ ۾ لکيو:
”جيتوڻيڪ
انهن شروعاتي ڏينهن ۾ هوءَ لفظ [هريجن] ڳولهيندي هئي، جنهن جو ٺهيل هو
مهاتما گانڌيءَ، توهين آميز ۽ اهڙيءَ طرح انتهائي جارحاڻي. هوءَ هلي وئي
اسٽيج تي ويو ۽ راج نارائن ۾ ڦاسي پيو. ڪجهه مهينن کان پوء، هڪ
ڀڌ
سياري جي رات،
ابدي، شانائتو، ملنسار، مهربان، رحمدل
JAMBUDIPA جو بااختيار اصل
شيڊول ڪاسٽ مها مانيور ڪانشي رام [بي ايس پي جو باني] هن جي گهر آيو.
جي
برلي سک [سندس خاندان جو تعلق هڪ بااختيار بيدار ايبوريجنل سان هو
شيڊيولڊ ڪاسٽ ڪميونٽي پر سک مذهب ۾ تبديل ٿي چڪو هو] هن کي ڇڏي ڏنو هو
سرڪاري نوڪري بااختيار بيدار ايبوريجنل جي مقصد سان وڙهڻ لاء
شيڊول ڪاسٽ ڪميونٽي.
هن ٻڌايو ته هن کي ٻڌايو ته جيڪڏهن هوء
سندس پٺيان لڳو، هڪ ڏينهن هوءَ IAS آفيسرن کي آرڊر ڏيندي. هي هيو
هڪ اڳڪٿي جيڪا سچ ٿي ويندي.
ابدي، شانائتو، دوستاڻو، احسان ڪندڙ، رحمدل بااختيار جمبوديپا جو اصلوڪن
شيڊول ٿيل
ذات مها مانيور ڪانشي رام 1984ع ۾ بي ايس پي جو بنياد وڌو
ابدي، پاڪائي، دوستي، ڀلائي، سي بااختيار اصل
جمبوديپا مها ماياوتي سندس بنيادي ٽيم جو ميمبر آهي.
هي آ
جمبوديپا هڪ نالو اڪثر ڪري گريٽر جي علائقي کي بيان ڪرڻ لاء استعمال ڪيو ويندو آهي
قديم ماخذن ۾ Prabuddha BHARAT اصطلاح جي تصور تي ٻڌل آهي
dvīpa، معنيٰ ”ٻيٽ“ يا ”براعظم“ قديم ڪائنات ۾.
جمبودويپا جو اصطلاح اشوڪا پنهنجي اصليت جي نمائندگي ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو هو.
جي
ٻڌ ڌرم جو علم ڀومنڊالا (زمين جو دائرو) ۾ ورهائي ٿو
ٽي الڳ سطحون: ڪماداتو (خواهش جي دائري)، روپاداتو (فارم
دائرو)، ۽ ارپياداتو (بغير شڪل وارو علائقو). ڪاماڌاتو ۾ واقع آهي
سميرو جبل چيو وڃي ٿو جنهن جي چوڌاري چئن ٻيٽن-براعظمن ۾ گهيريل آهي.
”دي
ڏاکڻي ٻيٽ کي جمبوديپا سڏيو وڃي ٿو. ٻين ٽن براعظمن جي
سميرو جي چوڌاري ٻڌ ڌرم جي حسابن تائين انسانن تائين رسائي نه آهي
جمبوديپا هڪ ٽڪنڊي جي شڪل ۾ آهي، جنهن جو منهن ڏکڻ طرف آهي، ڪجهه حد تائين هندستاني برصغير وانگر. ان جي مرڪز ۾ هڪ آهي
جمبو جو وڏو وڻ جنهن تان براعظم پنهنجو نالو وٺي، معنيٰ ”جمبو
جمبوديپا، چئن مهاديپاس، يا عظيم براعظمن مان هڪ آهي، جيڪي ڪيڪڪوالا ۾ شامل آهن ۽ هڪ ڪيڪڪوتي جي حڪمراني آهي.
اهي سميرو جبل جي گول گولن ۾ ورهايل آهن، جمبوديپا ۾ هماوا آهي، ان جي 84 هزار چوٽيون، ان جي ڍنڍون، جبلن جي سلسلو وغيره.
هي
براعظم جو نالو جمبو جي وڻ (جنهن کي ناگا پڻ سڏيو ويندو آهي) مان نڪتل آهي
اُتي اُڀري ٿو، اُن جو تڙ پندرھن يوجن ويڪر ۾، اُن جي ٻاھران پکڙجي ٿو
شاخون پنجاهه يوجن ڊگھيون، ان جي ڇانو ۾ هڪ سؤ يوجن
حد ۽ ان جي اوچائي هڪ سئو يوجن
ان جي ڪري
tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda . براعظم ڏهه آهي
حد تائين هزار يوجن؛ انهن مان ڏهه هزار، چار هزار آهن
سمنڊ سان ڍڪيل، ٽي هزار هماليه جبلن سان، جڏهن ته
ٽي هزار مرد آباد آهن
جمبوديپا اهو علائقو آهي جتي
انسان رهن ٿا ۽ اها ئي جڳهه آهي جتي هڪ وجود جاڳي سگهي ٿو
انسان جي حيثيت ۾ پيدا ٿيڻ سان.
اهو جمبوديپا ۾ آهي ته هڪ ٿي سگهي ٿو
ڌما جو تحفو حاصل ڪريو ۽ چار عظيم سچائي کي سمجھو،
نوبل اٺ فولڊ رستو ۽ آخرڪار
زندگي ۽ موت جي چڪر مان آزاديءَ جو احساس ڪريو.
ٻيو
حوالو ٻڌ ڌرم جي متن Mahavamsa مان آهي، جتي شهنشاهه
اشوڪ جي پٽ مهندا پنهنجو تعارف سري لنڪا جي بادشاهه سان ڪرايو
Devanampiyatissa جيئن جمبوديپا مان، ان حوالي سان جيڪو هاڻي آهي
پرابودھا ڀارتي برصغير. اهو مهايانا ۾ ڪشتيگرڀ سوترا تي ٻڌل آهي.
——————-2
جمبوديپا جيو پوليٽيڪل لحاظ کان
جي
جمبوديپا جو اصطلاح اشوڪ پاران استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي شايد 3rd ۾ پنهنجي سلطنت جي نمائندگي ڪرڻ لاء
صدي ق
مثال طور، ڏهين صدي عيسويءَ جو ميسورين لکت، جيڪو پڻ علائقي جي وضاحت ڪري ٿو،
شايد هندستان، جمبوديپا وانگر.
‘هي
ڪنٽلا ملڪ (جنهن ۾ ميسور جا اتر-اولهه حصا شامل هئا ۽
بمبئي پريزيڊنسي جي ڏاکڻين حصن تي حڪومت هئي
ناوا-نندا،
گپتا ڪولا، موريا بادشاهن؛ پوءِ رتن ان تي حڪومت ڪئي:
جن کان پوءِ چالوڪيا هئا. پوءِ ڪلاچوريه خاندان؛ ۽ بعد ۾
اهي (Hoysala) Ballalas.’ ٻيو، ڪبتور ۾، واضح طور تي چوي ٿو ته
چندر گپت هندستان جي ڏکڻ ۾ ناگا-کنڊا تي حڪومت ڪئي
جمبوديپا:
هي ناگارا-ڪنڊا ستر آهي
لکت، جن مان بندنيڪي (شيموگا ۾ بندليڪ) لڳي ٿو
مکيه شهر رهيو.
۽ اڳتي هلي، هڪ رڪارڊ جيڪو هيٺ ڏجي ٿو، اهو ٻڌائي ٿو ته ڪدمبا بادشاهه جي ڌيئرن جي شادي گپتا سان ڪئي وئي هئي.
ميسور جي رپورٽ
جبل
ميرو (پڻ سميرو (سنسڪرت) يا سينرو (پالي) يا ڪنگرينبوقي)
ٻڌ ڌرم جي علم ۾ مرڪزي دنيا-جبل جو نالو.
لفظي طور تي، جبل جو صحيح نالو ميرو (پالي ميرو) آهي، جنهن ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو آهي منظوري وارو اڳوڻو su-،
نتيجي ۾ معنيٰ ”بهترين ميرو“ يا ”شاندار ميرو“.
بااختيار جمبوديپا يونيورس
جمبوديپا
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) چئن براعظمن مان هڪ آهي، جيڪو سنڌ جي ڪناري تي واقع آهي.
جبل ميرو جي ڏکڻ ۾ آهي
عام انسان.
ان جي شڪل trapezoidal يا محور سر جي شڪل جهڙي آهي. اها انساني دنيا آهي جنهن ۾ اسين
ان کي چئبو آهي شڪل ”گاڙي وانگر“، يا بلڪه هڪ ڪنڌ نما ٽڪنڊو جنهن جي نقطي ڏکڻ طرف آهي.
(هي وضاحت شايد ڏاکڻي پربت ڀارت جي سامونڊي ڪناري جي شڪل ۾ گونجندي آهي.
ڪرناٽڪ
جيو پوليٽيڪل لحاظ کان جمبودويپا
جي
جمبودويپا جو اصطلاح اشوڪ پاران استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي شايد 3rd ۾ پنهنجي سلطنت جي نمائندگي ڪرڻ لاء
صدي ق
مثال طور ميسورين جا لکت ڏهين صدي عيسوي کان
جيڪو پڻ علائقي کي بيان ڪري ٿو، غالباً پرابودھا ڀارت
جمبودويپا.
ڪنٽلا ملڪ (جنهن ۾ شامل هئا
ميسور جا اتر-اولهه ۽ بمبئي جا ڏاکڻا حصا
پريزيڊنسيءَ تي) ناوا-نندا، گپتا ڪولا، موريا بادشاهن جي حڪومت هئي؛
پوءِ رتن ان تي حڪومت ڪئي: جن کان پوءِ چالوڪيا هئا. پوءِ
ڪلاچوريه خاندان؛
انهن کان پوءِ (Hoysala) بالله.
جمبوديپا)
ھڪڙو نالو آھي جيڪو اڪثر ڪري گريٽر پرابودھا جي علائقي کي بيان ڪرڻ لاء استعمال ڪيو ويندو آھي
قديم هندستاني ذريعن ۾ ڀارت. اصطلاح جي تصور تي ٻڌل آهي
dvīpa، جنهن جي معنيٰ آهي ”ٻيٽ“ يا ”براعظم“ قديم پرابود هندستانين ۾
cosmogony
جمبودويپا جو اصطلاح اشوڪ طرفان نمائندگي ڪرڻ لاءِ استعمال ڪيو ويو
ٽين صدي قبل مسيح ۾ سندس دور ۾ ساڳيو اصطلاح استعمال ڪيو ويو
ان کان پوءِ جون لکڻيون، مثال طور ڏهين کان کناڊا لکت
صدي عيسويءَ جنهن علائقي کي به بيان ڪيو آهي، غالباً قديم پرابڌا
ڀارت، جمبوديپا وانگر
اشوڪ جي سهسرام مائنر راڪ ايڊيڪٽ ۾، پراڪرت نالو جمبوديپاسي، ”پرابڌ ڀارت“ لاءِ، اٽڪل 250 ق.م. (براهمي رسم الخط).
اهو
10,000 يوجن جي حد تائين آهي (Vibhajyavāda روايت) يا هڪ دائرو آهي
6,000 يوجن (Sarvāstivāda روايت) جنهن ۾ شامل ڪري سگهجي ٿو
صرف 3 1⁄2 يوجناس ڊگھائي جو ڏاکڻي ساحل.
براعظم وٺندو آهي
ان جو نالو هڪ وڏي جمبو وڻ (Syzygium cumini) مان، 100 يوجن ڊگھو،
جيڪو براعظم جي وچ ۾ وڌندو آهي.
هر براعظم ۾ انهن وڏن وڻن مان هڪ آهي.
جمبوديپا ۾ سڀ جاڳندا هڪ ٻڌ ڌرم نظر اچن ٿا
جي
هتي جا ماڻهو پنج کان ڇهه فوٽ ڊگها ٿين ٿا ۽ سندن عمر به مختلف آهي
10 کان اقتدار جي وچ ۾ 140 سال (Asankya Aayu) ۽ 10 سال.
”جيئن ته هي براعظم هڪ ڪلوميٽر جمبوبرڪشا جامبو وڻ سان سينگاريل آهي، ان ڪري ان کي ’ڪنٽيننٽ آف جمبو‘ يا جمبوديپا سڏيو وڃي ٿو.
جمبو جي وڻ کي ڪجهه ماڻهن طرفان گلابي انب جو وڻ (يوجينيا جمبولانا) سمجهيو ويندو آهي.
وڌيڪ تازو اسڪالر جو مشورو ڏئي ٿو ته اهو ٿي سگهي ٿو پلم جو هڪ قسم.
بهرحال، ڏند ڪٿا جو چوڻ آهي ته صرف هڪ جمبو وڻ موجود آهي، جيڪو عام ماڻهن کي ڏسڻ ۾ نٿو اچي، پر صرف بيدار مخلوقن کي نظر اچي ٿو.
جي
ٻڌ ڌرم جو علم ڀومنڊالا (زمين جو دائرو) ۾ ورهائي ٿو
ٽي الڳ سطحون: ڪماداتو (خواهش جي دائري)، روپاداتو (فارم
دائرو)، ۽ ارپياداتو (بغير شڪل وارو علائقو). ڪاماڌاتو ۾ واقع آهي
سومرو جبل چيو وڃي ٿو جنهن جي چوڌاري چئن ٻيٽن-براعظمن ۾ گهيريل آهي.
”دي
ڏاکڻي ٻيٽ کي جمبوديپا سڏيو وڃي ٿو. ٻين ٽن براعظمن جي
سميرو جي چوڌاري ٻڌ ڌرم جي حسابن تائين انسانن تائين رسائي نه آهي
جمبوديپا.
جمبوديپا هڪ ٽڪنڊي جي شڪل ۾ ٺهيل نقطي سان ٺهيل آهي
ڏکڻ طرف، ڪجهه هندستاني برصغير وانگر.
ان جي مرڪز ۾ هڪ وڏو جمبو وڻ آهي جنهن مان براعظم ان جو نالو وٺندو آهي، جنهن جي معني آهي “جمبو ٻيٽ”.
جمبوديپا، چئن مهاديپاس، يا عظيم براعظمن مان هڪ، جيڪي ڪڪڪوالا ۾ شامل آهن ۽ حڪمران ڪن ٿا.
ڪڪڙوٽي.
اهي سميرو جبل جي گول گول گروپ آهن. جمبوديپا ۾ هيماوا آهي
ان جي 84 هزار چوٽيون، ان جي ڍنڍون، جبلن جي سلسلو، وغيره.
—-3
بهرحال، ڏند ڪٿا جو چوڻ آهي ته صرف هڪ جمبو وڻ موجود آهي، جيڪو عام ماڻهن کي ڏسڻ ۾ نٿو اچي، پر صرف بيدار مخلوقن کي نظر اچي ٿو.
جي
ٻڌ ڌرم جو علم ڀومنڊالا (زمين جو دائرو) ۾ ورهائي ٿو
ٽي الڳ سطحون: ڪماداتو (خواهش جي دائري)،
روپڌاتو (فارم
دائرو)، ۽ ارپياداتو (بغير شڪل وارو علائقو). ڪاماڌاتو ۾ واقع آهي
سومرو جبل چيو وڃي ٿو جنهن جي چوڌاري چئن ٻيٽن-براعظمن ۾ گهيريل آهي.
”دي
ڏاکڻي ٻيٽ کي جمبوديپا سڏيو وڃي ٿو. ٻين ٽن براعظمن جي
سميرو جي چوڌاري ٻڌ ڌرم جي حسابن تائين انسانن تائين رسائي نه آهي
جمبوديپا.
جمبوديپا هڪ ٽڪنڊي جي شڪل ۾ ٺهيل نقطي سان ٺهيل آهي
ڏکڻ طرف، ڪجهه هندستاني برصغير وانگر.
ان جي مرڪز ۾ هڪ وڏو جمبو وڻ آهي جنهن مان براعظم ان جو نالو وٺندو آهي، جنهن جي معني آهي “جمبو ٻيٽ”.
جمبوديپا، چئن مهاديپاس، يا عظيم براعظمن مان هڪ، جيڪي ڪڪڪوالا ۾ شامل آهن ۽ حڪمران ڪن ٿا.
ڪڪڙوٽي.
اهي سميرو جبل جي گول گول گروپ آهن. جمبوديپا ۾ هيماوا آهي
ان جي 84 هزار چوٽيون، ان جي ڍنڍون، جبلن جي سلسلو، وغيره.
بهرحال، ڏند ڪٿا جو چوڻ آهي ته صرف هڪ جمبو وڻ موجود آهي، جيڪو عام ماڻهن کي ڏسڻ ۾ نٿو اچي، پر صرف بيدار مخلوقن کي نظر اچي ٿو.
جي
ٻڌ ڌرم جو علم ڀومنڊالا (زمين جو دائرو) ۾ ورهائي ٿو
ٽي الڳ سطحون: ڪماداتو (خواهش جي دائري)، روپاداتو (فارم
دائرو)، ۽ ارپياداتو (بغير شڪل وارو علائقو). ڪاماڌاتو ۾ واقع آهي
سومرو جبل چيو وڃي ٿو جنهن جي چوڌاري چئن ٻيٽن-براعظمن ۾ گهيريل آهي.
”دي
ڏاکڻي ٻيٽ کي جمبوديپا سڏيو وڃي ٿو. ٻين ٽن براعظمن جي
سميرو جي چوڌاري ٻڌ ڌرم جي حسابن تائين انسانن تائين رسائي نه آهي
جمبوديپا.
جمبوديپا هڪ ٽڪنڊي جي شڪل ۾ ٺهيل نقطي سان ٺهيل آهي
ڏکڻ طرف، ڪجهه هندستاني برصغير وانگر.
ان جي مرڪز ۾ هڪ وڏو جمبو وڻ آهي جنهن مان براعظم ان جو نالو وٺندو آهي، جنهن جي معني آهي “جمبو ٻيٽ”.
جمبوديپا، چئن مهاديپاس، يا عظيم براعظمن مان هڪ، جيڪي ڪڪڪوالا ۾ شامل آهن ۽ حڪمران ڪن ٿا.
ڪڪڙوٽي.
اهي سميرو جبل جي گول گول گروپ آهن. جمبوديپا ۾ هيماوا آهي
ان جون چوويهه هزار چوٽيون، ان جون ڍنڍون، جبلن جون قطارون،
هن براعظم جو نالو جمبو جي وڻ (جنهن کي ناگا پڻ سڏيو ويندو آهي) مان نڪتل آهي، جيڪو اتي وڌندو آهي، ان جي ٿنڀي ۾ پندرهن يوجن،
ان جو
50 يوجن ڊگھي شاخون، ان جي ڇانو هڪ
سؤ يوجناس حد تائين ۽ ان جي اوچائي هڪ سئو يوجناس (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
هن وڻ جي ڪري جمبوديپا کي جمبوسندا (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121) به سڏيو وڃي ٿو.
جي
براعظم ڏهه هزار يوجن جي حد تائين آهي. انهن مان ڏهه هزار، چار
هزار سمنڊ سان ڍڪيل آهن، ٽي هزار سمنڊ ۾
هماليا
جبل، جڏهن ته ٽي هزار ماڻهو آباد آهن، جمبوديپا آهي
اهو علائقو جتي انسان رهن ٿا ۽ اها ئي جڳهه آهي جتي ڪو وجود ٿي سگهي ٿو
انسان جي حيثيت ۾ پيدا ٿيڻ سان روشن خيال ٿيو.
اهو مهايانا ۾ ڪشتيگرڀ سوترا تي ٻڌل آهي.
جمبوديپا جيو پوليٽيڪل معنى ۾ جمبوديپا جو اصطلاح اشوڪ طرفان استعمال ڪيو ويو آهي شايد ٽين صدي ق.
ساڳئي اصطلاح کي پوءِ ورجايو ويو آهي مثال طور ايندڙ لکت ۾
ميسورين
ڏهين صدي عيسويءَ جو لکت جيڪو پڻ بيان ڪري ٿو
علائقو، غالباً هندستان، جيئن جمبوديپا. ڪنٽلا ملڪ (جنهن ۾ شامل آهي
ميسور جا اتر-اولهه وارا حصا ۽ بمبئي جا ڏاکڻا حصا
پريزيڊنسيءَ تي) ناوا-نندا، گپتا ڪولا، موريا بادشاهن جي حڪومت هئي.
پوءِ رتن ان تي حڪومت ڪئي: جن کان پوءِ چالوڪيا هئا. پوءِ
ڪلاچوري
خاندان؛ ۽ انهن کان پوءِ (هائيسالا) بالله.
واضح طور تي لکي ٿو ته چندر گپت ڏکڻ ۾ ناگا کنڊ تي حڪومت ڪئي
جمبوديپا جي ڀارت-ڪشيترا جو:
هي ناگارا-خنڊا آهي
70 لک لکيا ويا، جن مان بندنيڪي (Bandalike in
شيموگا) لڳي ٿو ته وڏو شهر هو
هيٺ ڄاڻايل آهي ته ڪدمبا بادشاهه جي ڌيئرن کي ڏني وئي هئي
گپتا سان شادي. ميسور جي سالياني رپورٽ
Etymologically، جي
جبل جو صحيح نالو ميرو (Pāli Meru) آهي، جنهن ۾ شامل ڪيو ويو آهي
approbatory prefix su-، جنهن جي معنيٰ آهي ”بهترين ميرو“ يا
“شاندار ميرو”.
—4
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
Tastes the same for all including haters to live like free birds 🦅 to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.After getting up at 3:45 AM
take bath & do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling &
exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA Maha Mayawati ji said she will bring back Ashokan
rule Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda which grows Jambu-tree
derives its name from the (Naga) which grows there to represent his
realm in 3rd century BC
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Caste leader and former Uttar Pradesh chief minister
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha Mayawati said that rival parties are using all tricks to stop BSP from coming to power.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati also raised concerns over the use of Electronic Voting
Machines. “Since 1984, ballot paper use, the vote percentage not
decreased.
With the use of EVM, the party voting percentage has gone
down. In various countries the EVM had been withdrawn and ballot papers
is being used. It’s the work of the EVM that BSP vote has decreased. I
have urged the Election Commission to use ballot paper,” she said
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati said that her BSP won’t forge an alliance with any party for
the upcoming state elections or the 2024 national polls.
“The BSP
will not form alliance with any party in the Rajasthan,Chhattisgarh and
Karnataka assembly election as well as the 2024 Lok Sabha election,”
she said.
She also launched a fresh attack against the Foreigners
kicked out from Bene Israel, Tibet, Africa, Western Europe, Eastern
Germeny, South Russia, Eastern Europe,Hungary chitpavan brahmin
Rowdy
Swayam Sevaks number one terrorists practicing hatred, anger, jealousy,
delusion, stupidity which are defilement of the mind requiring mental
treatment at mental asylums for the saffron party
“Due to wrong
policies of the BJP government the people are facing natural disaster,”
she further said in an apparent reference to the sinking of the
Joshimath town in Uttarakhand.
“The central agencies have been politicized,” the
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
leader said.
She
also targeted the Congress and SP: “The reservation for the OBC, SC/ST
is not being implemented by the BJP government. The Congress and
Samajwadi Party has also cheated the OBC, SC and ST community.”
Mayawati celebrates 67th birthday, optimistic for 2024
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati, the head of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) and
four-time chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, was born on 15 January 1956
in Delhi in a
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste family.
Besides
being among the most important political leaders of Uttar Pradesh, she
is a Empowered Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste icon and her clout
extends far beyond the boundaries of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Aboriginal Scheduled Caste Prabuddha Bharat’s most populous state.
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
——–1
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati had a simple childhood, and her father, Prabhu Das,
was employed with the post office.
She secured her bachelor’s degree in
arts from Kalindi Women’s College, and a law degree from Campus Law
Centre, Delhi University.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati had a simple childhood, and her father, Prabhu Das,
was employed with the post office. ENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste
organised by the Janata Party’s Raj Narain, who had defeated
Indira Gandhi in the Lok Sabha polls from Rae Bareilly, repeatedly
referred to
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Castes as Harijans.
This angered the young
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati, who was present at the event. As the journalist
Bhupesh Bhandari wrote in the Business Standard in December 2011:
“Even
in those early days she used to find the term [Harijan], coined by
Mahatma Gandhi, condescending and thus hugely offensive. She walked up
to the stage and tore into Raj Narain. A couple of months later, on a
cold
winter night,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Caste Maha Manyawar Kanshi Ram [founder of the BSP] visited her at home.
The
burly Sikh [his family belonged to a Empowered Awakened Aboriginal
Scheduled Caste community but had converted to Sikhism] had quit his
government job to fight the cause of the Empowered Awakened Aboriginal
Scheduled Caste community.
He reportedly told her that if she
followed him, one day she would be giving orders to IAS officers. It was
a prediction that would come true.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Manyawar Kanshi Ram founded the BSP in 1984,he made
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,C Empowered Aboriginal of
JAMBUDIPA Maha Mayawati a member of his core team.
This is
Jambudīpa a name often used to describe the territory of Greater
Prabuddha BHARAT in Ancient sources.The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent his Aboriginal realm.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent. In its center is a
gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru.In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks,its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one hundred yojanas in
extent and its height one hundred yojanas
on account of this
tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda .The continent is ten
thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four thousand are
covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya mountains, while
three thousand are inhabited by men
Jambudīpa is the region where
the humans live and is the only place where a being may become awakened
by being born as a human being.
It is in Jambudīpa that one may
receive the gift of Dhamma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths,
the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately
realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another
reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor
Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the Sri Lankan king
Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudīpa, referring to what is now the
Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
——————-2
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense
The
term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions
for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region,
presumably India, as Jambudīpa.
‘the
Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore and
the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency) was ruled by the
nava-Nanda,
Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings ;then the Rattas ruled it :
after whom were the Chalukyas; then the Kalachuryya family; and after
them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’Another, at Kubatur,expressly states that
Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south of the Bharata-kshetra
of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many
inscriptions, of which Bandanikke (Bandalike in Shimoga) seems to have
been the chief town.
And further,a record to be noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas.
Report Of Mysore
Mount
Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit) or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the
name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-,
resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or “wonderful Meru”.
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
Jambudīpa
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) one of the four continents, which is situated to the
south of Mount Meru.) is is located in the south and is the dwelling of
ordinary human beings.
Its shape is trapezoidal or resembling the shape of an axe-head. It is the human world in which we
It is said to be shaped “like a cart”, or rather a blunt-nosed triangle with the point facing south.
(This description probably echoes the shape of the coastline of southern Prabuddha Bharat.
Karnataka
Jambudvipa in geopolitical sense
The
term Jambudvipa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent
inscriptions for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD
which also describes the region, presumably Prabuddha Bharat as
Jambudvipa.
‘ the Kuntala country (which included the
north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda, Gupta-kula, Mauryya kings ;
then the Rattas ruled it : after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya family;
After them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.
Jambudīpa)
is a name often used to describe the territory of Greater Prabuddha
Bharat in Ancient Indian sources. The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient Prabuddha Bharatian
cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent
his realm in the third century BCE.The same terminology was used in
subsequent texts, for instance Kannada inscriptions from the tenth
century CE which also described the region, presumably Ancient Prabuddha
Bharat,as Jambudipa
The Prakrit name Jambudīpasi for “Prabuddha Bharat ” in the Sahasram Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka, circa 250 BCE (Brahmi script).
It
is 10,000 yojanas in extent (Vibhajyavāda tradition) or has a perimeter
of 6,000 yojanas (Sarvāstivāda tradition) to which can be added the
southern coast of only 3 1⁄2 yojanas’ length.
The continent takes
its name from a giant Jambu tree (Syzygium cumini), 100 yojanas tall,
which grows in the middle of the continent.
Every continent has one of these giant trees.
All Awakened One Buddhas appear in Jambudīpa
The
people here are five to six feet tall and their length of life varies
between 10 to power 140 years (Asankya Aayu) and 10 years.
“Since this continent is adorned by a k km Jambubriksha jambu tree, it is known as the ‘Continent of Jambu’, or Jambudīpa.
The jambu tree is presumed by some to be the rose-apple tree (Eugenia jambolana).
More recent scholarship suggests that it may be a variety of plum.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
——-3
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm),
Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges,
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth,
its
outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one
hundredyojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four
thousand are covered by the ocean,three thousand by the
Himālaya
mountains,while three thousand are inhabited by men Jambudīpa is the
region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may
become enlightened by being born as a human being.
This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense The term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd century BC,
same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions for instance
Mysorean
inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the
region,presumably India,as Jambudīpa.the Kuntala country (which included
the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda,Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings
then the Rattas ruled it :after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya
family; and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’’ Another, at Kubatur,
expressly states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south
of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda
Seventy of so many inscriptions,of which Bandanikke(Bandalike in
Shimoga)seems to have been the chief town.And fuidher, a record to be
noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in
marriage to the Guptas. Annual Report Of Mysore
Etymologically, the
proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the
approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or
“wonderful Meru”.
——4
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels:Kāmadhātu (Desire realm),Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),& Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm).In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa. Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa,
one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in
the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti. They are grouped round
Mount Sumeru.
In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length,
its shade one hundred yojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, etc.)
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,
four thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya
mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men (SNA.ii.437;
UdA.300).
Jambudvīpa is the region where the humans live and is
the only place where a being may become enlightened by being born as a
human being.
It is in Jambudvīpa that one may receive the gift of
Dharma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble
Eightfold Path and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of
life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text
Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to
the Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudvipa, referring to
what is now the Indian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha
Sūtra in the Mahayana.
According to a Survey, If Jains in India Go from 0.3% to 3% then we will overtake America & China.
So let’s us talk about some FACTS :
● National Avg Literacy Rate 65%, Jains Avg Literacy Rate 94%.
● Female National Avg Literacy Rate 54%, Jains Female Avg Literacy Rate 91%.
● 50% of the Total CAs are Jains.
● According to Forbes, Jains are the Wealthiest People of India & Belgium.
● Jains are 0.3% of the Indian Population but pay 24% of Income Tax. [In 2009 Jains have paid even 42% of Income Tax]
● Jains Contribute 25% towards National Development.
● 65% of Diamond & Gold business in the World are done by Jains.
● 62% Charity is done by Jains.
● 46% Stock brokers are Jains.
● 33% of the Airline Industry is controlled by Jains.
● 20% of the Pharmaceuticals & Textiles are controlled by Jains.
● Jains have the Highest Life Expectancy of 71 age.
● Out of 16,000 Gaushalas 9,600 are run by Jains.
● Alber Einstein once said that I don’t know Whether there is reincarnation or not but if it happens then I want to be a Jain.
●
According to Annual Summit of World Environment Committee, Germany in
2010 “If We have to Save the Earth from Global Warming We have to Follow
Jain’s Lifestyle & Principles.”
● Never plays any Minority Card like others.
●
Jains are not taught how to do business, it is in our genes. [You don’t
teach the child of a Lion how to hunt and in the same way Child of a
Jain is also not taught how to do a Business].
● Jains are not Job Seekers, we are Job Givers.
●
Lawyers, Doctors live on the sadness of others whereas CAs live on the
Growth or Happiness of others. [That’s how we choose business].
● We don’t love dogs and then kill mosquitoes.
● Others are doing this Vegan- Dietician- Mind Control - Wearing Masks. Jains have been doing these for Centuries.
● We believe in Live & Let Live. [Mukesh Ambami Says Jio we say Jio & Jene do]
● We don’t believe in ‘I’. We believe in ‘US’.
● Biggest Fights happen because of You are wrong and I’m Right. Jains say you are Right & I’m also Right. (Mutual Respect).
So Why are Jains so Rich & Great ???
Reasons -
● Jains are Dynamites Not Parasites
● Succession Planning
● Supreme Wisdom (Kaivalya Gyan)
● Vow OF “AHIMSA Vrat” (No Himsa whether Mentally, Orally or Physically.)
● Life Kindness (Jiv Daya)
● Conscious Capitalism (Don’t do - Parties, Politics, Enjoyment, Clubbing, Acting)
(We do Prayer, Meditation, Spirituality, Forgiveness).
● Community is Family.
● Very High on Integrity
● Anekantavada (Mutual Respect)
● Chaturvidha Dana (4-fold charity of Food, Medicine, Protection, Knowledge).
————–5
——————————
47) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી
110) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sindhi,
06)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- शास्त्रीय हिंदी,
62) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
130) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
122) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
86) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
83) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
120) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ்
34) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE English,Roman,
——————
Languages of Rajasthan
Rajasthani (Devanagari: राजस्थानी
)Indo-Aryan languages,Gujarati and Sindhi, Marwari
Languages of Chhattisgarh
Eastern Hindi Munda and Dravidian languages
1) Kedri (Central) Chhattisgarhi
2) Utti (Eastern) Chhattisgarhi
3) Budati / Khaltahi (Western) Chhattisgarhi
Languages of Karnataka
Kannada,Urdu,Telugu,Marath, Tamil,Malayalam,Tulu,Hindi,English
4) Bhandar (Northern) Chhattisgarhi
5) Rakshahun (Southern) Chhattisgarhi
At
present, the EC’s VVPAT auditing is restricted to one randomly chosen
polling booth per constituency. In a recent essay, K. Ashok Vardhan
Shetty , a former IAS officer, demonstrates that this sample size will
fail to detect faulty EVMs 98-99% of the time. He also shows that VVPATs
can be an effective deterrent to fraud only on the condition that the
detection of even one faulty EVM in a constituency must entail the VVPAT
hand-counting of all the EVMs in that constituency. Without this
proviso, VVPATs would merely provide the sheen of integrity without its
substance.
The third criterion is secrecy. Here too, EVMs
disappoint. With the paper ballot, the EC could mix ballot papers from
different booths before counting, so that voting preferences could not
be connected to a given locality. But with EVMs, we are back to
booth-wise counting, which allows one to discern voting patterns and
renders marginalised communities vulnerable to pressure. Totaliser
machines can remedy this, but the EC has shown no intent to adopt them.
So,
on all three counts — transparency, verifiability and secrecy — EVMs
are flawed. VVPATs are not the answer either, given the sheer magnitude
of the logistical challenges. The recent track record of EVMs indicates
that the number of malfunctions in a national election will be high. For
that very reason, the EC is unlikely to adopt a policy of hand-counting
all EVMs in constituencies where faulty machines are reported, as this
might entail hand-counting on a scale that defeats the very purpose of
EVMs. And yet, this is a principle without which the use of VVPATs is
meaningless.
Unjustified suspicions
Despite these issues, EVMs
continue to enjoy the confidence of the EC, which insists that Indian
EVMs, unlike the Western ones, are tamper-proof. But this is a matter of
trust. Even if the software has been burnt into the microchip, neither
the EC nor the voter knows for sure what software is running in a
particular EVM. One has to simply trust the manufacturer and the EC. But
as the German court observed, the precondition of this trust is the
verifiability of election events, whereas in the case of EVMs, “the
calculation of the election result is based on a calculation act which
cannot be examined from outside”.
While it is true that the
results come quicker and the process is cheaper with EVMs as compared to
paper ballot, both these considerations are undeniably secondary to the
integrity of the election. Another argument made in favour of the EVM
is that it eliminates malpractices such as booth-capturing and
ballot-box stuffing. In the age of the smartphone, however, the
opportunity costs of ballot-box-stuffing and the risk of exposure are
prohibitively high. In contrast, tampering with code could accomplish
rigging on a scale unimaginable for booth-capturers. Moreover, it is
nearly impossible to detect EVM-tampering. As a result, suspicions of
tampering in the tallying of votes — as opposed to malfunction in
registering the votes, which alone is detectable — are destined to
remain in the realm of speculation. The absence of proven fraud might
save the EVM for now, but its survival comes at a dangerous cost — the
corrosion of people’s faith in the electoral process.
Yet there
doesn’t have to be incontrovertible evidence of EVM-tampering for a
nation to return to paper ballot. Suspicion is enough, and there is
enough of it already. As the German court put it, “The democratic
legitimacy of the election demands that the election events be
controllable so that… unjustified suspicion can be refuted.” The
phrase “unjustified suspicion” is pertinent. The EC has always
maintained that suspicions against EVMs are unjustified. Clearly, the
solution is not to dismiss EVM-sceptics as ignorant technophobes.
Rather, the EC is obliged to provide the people of India a polling
process capable of refuting unjustified suspicion, as this is a basic
requirement for democratic legitimacy, not an optional accessory.
sampath.g@thehindu.co.in
Jagatheesan Chandrasekharan, [Dec 30, 2022 at 9:05 AM]
A
/ One cannot describe Bhakti movement in a single category. The Bhakti
movement has several aspects. On the one side, there was dissent against
the established order of things in relation to the Vedic practice. At
the same time, there was considerable conformism to the Puranic kind of
religion. If you look at the songs of these saints — Saiva Nayanars and
Vaishnava Alwars — most of them are addressed to Puranic deities, who
are consecrated at temples.
A / In a paper which I along with my
Professor M.G.S. Narayanan published some 45 years ago, we argued that
the Bhakti movement was propagation of the temple cult, which meant the
propagation of the kind of ideology represented by the landed magnates
who were managing the temples. So, a new social formation was coming
into existence and this was the ideological justification for that. The
Bhakti movement was not this or that but it was this, that and the
others. You cannot give a single explanation for the movement. But the
Bhakti movement further developed more conformists. Brahminical
orthodoxy is also the child of Bhakti movement. What began by breaking
fences eventually ended up building walls.
Q / What is your view on
the argument that the writing of the history of India should start from
the south and not from the north?
A / This question comes only when
you accept the notion of India. If you accept the notion of India, you
could ask whether it should start from north India or south India. When
does this notion of India come into existence? Let us say in the 19th
century, with the Indian national movement during the British rule.
Before that, there was no India. Then, what Indian history are you
talking about?
LESSONS
from
Rector
JCMesh J Alphabets Letter Animation ClipartMesh C Alphabets Letter Animation Clipart
7,117 languages are spoken today.
That number is constantly in flux, because we’re learning more about the
world’s languages every day. And beyond that, the languages themselves
are in flux.
They’re living & dynamic,spoken by communities whose lives are
shaped by our rapidly changing world.
This is a fragile time: Roughly 0%
of languages are now endangered, often with less than 1,000 speakers
remaining.
Meanwhile, just 23 languages account for more than half the world’s population.according to https://gulfnews.com/…/census-more-than-19500-languages…
When
a just born baby is kept isolated without anyone communicating with the
baby, after a few days it will speak and human natural (Prakrit)
language known as Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magahi Magadhi/
Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chandaso language/
Magadhi Prakrit,Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Hela Basa (Hela Language),
Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Pāḷi which are the same.
Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate ONE Buddha spoke in
Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magadhi. All
the 7,139 languages and dialects are off shoot of Classical ETERNAL AND
Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magahi Magadhi. Hence all
of them are Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate in nature (Prakrit) of Human Beings, just like all other
living speices have their own natural
languages for communication. 138 languages are translated by
https://translate.google.comin
01) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magahi Magadhi,
02) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chandaso language,
03) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magadhi Prakrit,
04) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Hela Basa (Hela Language),
05) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Classical Pāḷi
06)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- शास्त्रीय हिंदी,
07) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Cyrillic
08) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Afrikaans– Klassieke Afrikaans
09) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Albanian-Shqiptare klasike,
10) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Amharic-አንጋፋዊ አማርኛ,
11) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Arabic-اللغة العربية الفصحى
12) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Armenian-դասական հայերեն,
13) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Assamese-ধ্ৰুপদী অসমীয়া
14) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Aymara 14) Aymara clásico
15) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Azerbaijani- Klassik Azərbaycan,
16)Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate
Basque- Euskal klasikoa,16) Euskara klasikoa- Euskal klasikoa,
17)Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Belarusian-Класічная беларуская,17) Класічная беларуска-класічная
беларуская,
18) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Bengali-ক্লাসিক্যাল বাংলা,18) ধ্রুপদী বাংলা-ক্লাস বাংলা
19) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Bhojpuri 19) शास्त्रीय भोजपुरी के बा
20) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate शास्त्रीय भोजपुरी के बाBosnian-Klasični bosanski,20) Klasični bosanski-Klasični bosansk
21)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Bulgarian
22) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,CompassionateCatalan-Català clàssic
23) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Cebuano-Klase sa Sugbo,
24) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chichewa-Chikale cha Chichewa,
25) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chinese (Simplified)-古典中文（简体）,
26) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chinese (Traditional)-古典中文（繁體）,
27) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Corsican-Corsa Corsicana,
28) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Croatian-Klasična hrvatska,
29)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Czech-Klasická čeština
30) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Danish-Klassisk dansk,Klassisk dansk,
31) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dhivehi,31) ކްލާސިކަލް ދިވެހި
32) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dogri, 32) शास्त्रीय डोगरी
33) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dutch- Klassiek Nederlands,
34) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE English,Roman,
35) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Esperanto-Klasika Esperanto,
36) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Estonian- klassikaline eesti keel,
37) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ewe,37) Klasik Ewe
38) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Filipino klassikaline filipiinlane,
39) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Finnish- Klassinen suomalainen,
40) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE French- Français classique,
41) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Frisian- Klassike Frysk,
42) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Galician-Clásico galego,
43) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Georgian-კლასიკური ქართული,
45) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE German- Klassisches Deutsch,
45) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATEGreek-Κλασσικά Ελληνικά,
46) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Guarani,46) Guaraní clásico
47) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી,
48) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Haitian Creole-Klasik kreyòl,
49) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hausa-Hausa Hausa,
50) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hawaiian-Hawaiian Hawaiian,
51) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hebrew- עברית קלאסית
52) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
53) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,
54) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
55) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Igbo,Klassískt Igbo,
56) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ilocano,56) Klasiko nga Ilocano
57)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Indonesian-Bahasa Indonesia Klasik,
58) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Irish-Indinéisis Clasaiceach,
59) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Italian-Italiano classico,
60) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Japanese-古典的なイタリア語,
61) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
62) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
63) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kazakh-Классикалық қазақ,
64) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Khmer- ខ្មែរបុរាណ,
65) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kinyarwanda
66) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Konkani,66) शास्त्रीय कोंकणी
67) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Korean-고전 한국어,
68) Classical Krio,ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE 68) Krio we dɛn kɔl Krio
69) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kurdish (Kurmanji)-Kurdî (Kurmancî),
70) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kyrgyz-Классикалык Кыргыз,
71) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lao-ຄລາສສິກລາວ,
72) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Latin-LXII) Classical Latin,
73) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Latvian-Klasiskā latviešu valoda,
74) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lingala,74) Lingala ya kala,
75) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lithuanian-Klasikinė lietuvių kalba,
76) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luganda,76) Oluganda olw’edda
77) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luganda,77) Oluganda olw’edda
78) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luxembourgish-Klassesch Lëtzebuergesch,
79)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Macedonian-Класичен македонски,
80)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maithili,80) शास्त्रीय मैथिली
81) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malagasy,класичен малгашки,
82) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malay-Melayu Klasik,
83) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
84) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maltese-Klassiku Malti,
85) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maori-Maori Maori,
86) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
87) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Meiteilon (Manipuri),꯹꯰) ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯏꯇꯦꯏꯂꯣꯟ (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ) ꯴.
88) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Mizo,88) Classical Mizo a ni
89) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Mongolian-Сонгодог Монгол,
90) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Myanmar (Burmese)-Classical မြန်မာ (ဗမာ),
91) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Nepali-शास्त्रीय म्यांमार (बर्मा),
92) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Norwegian-Klassisk norsk,
93) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Odia (Oriya)
94) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Oromo,94) Afaan Oromoo Kilaasikaa
95) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Pashto- ټولګی پښتو
96) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Persian-کلاسیک فارسی
97)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Polish-Język klasyczny polski,
98) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Portuguese-Português Clássico,
99) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
100) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Quechua,100) Quechua clásico
101) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Romanian-Clasic românesc,
102) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Russian-Классический русский,
103) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Samoan-Samoan Samoa
104) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sanskrit छ्लस्सिचल् षन्स्क्रित्
105) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Scots Gaelic-Gàidhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,
106)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sepedi,106) Sepedi sa Kgale
107) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Serbian-Класични српски,
108) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sesotho-Seserbia ea boholo-holo,
109) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Shona-Shona Shona,
110) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sindhi,
111)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sinhala-සම්භාව්ය සිංහල,
112) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Slovak-Klasický slovenský,
113) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Slovenian-Klasična slovenska,
114) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Somali-Soomaali qowmiyadeed,
115) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Spanish-Español clásico,
116) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sundanese-Sunda Klasik,
117) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Swahili,Kiswahili cha Classical,
118) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Swedish-Klassisk svensk,
119) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tajik-тоҷикӣ классикӣ,
120) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ் செம்மொழி,
121) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tatar
122) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
123) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Thai-ภาษาไทยคลาสสิก,
124) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tigrinya,124) ክላሲካል ትግርኛ
125) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tsonga,125) Xitsonga xa xikhale
126) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Turkish-Klasik Türk,
127)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Turkmen
128) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Twi,128) Twi a wɔde di dwuma wɔ tete mmere mu
129)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ukrainian-Класичний український,
130) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
131) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Uyghur,
132) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Uzbek-Klassik o’z,
133) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Vietnamese-Tiếng Việ,
134) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Welsh-Cymraeg Clasurol,
135) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATEXhosa-IsiXhosa zesiXhosa,
136) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Yiddish- קלאסישע ייִדיש
137) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,
138) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Zulu-I-Classical Zulu
Languages of Rajasthan
Rajasthani (Devanagari: राजस्थानी
)Indo-Aryan languages,Gujarati and Sindhi, Marwari
Languages of Chhattisgarh
Eastern Hindi Munda and Dravidian languages
1) Kedri (Central) Chhattisgarhi
2) Utti (Eastern) Chhattisgarhi
3) Budati / Khaltahi (Western) Chhattisgarhi
Languages of Karnataka
Kannada,Urdu,Telugu,Marath, Tamil,Malayalam,Tulu,Hindi,English
4) Bhandar (Northern) Chhattisgarhi
5) Rakshahun (Southern) Chhattisgarhi
Languages of India
Indo-European languages
Dravidian languages
Indic languages.
Austroasiatic, Sino–Tibetan, Tai–Kadai,
As per the People’s Linguistic Survey of India, India has the second highest number of languages (780), after Papua New Guinea (840).[11] Ethnologue lists a lower number of 456.[12]
Article 343 of the Constitution of India stated that the official language of the Union is Hindi in Devanagari script, with official use of English to continue for 15 years from 1947. Later, a constitutional amendment, The Official Languages Act, 1963, allowed for the continuation of English alongside Hindi in the Indian government indefinitely until legislation decides to change it.[3] The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union are “the international form of Indian numerals“,[13][14] which are referred to as Arabic numerals in most English-speaking countries.[1] Despite the misconceptions, Hindi is not the national language of India; the Constitution of India does not give any language the status of national language.[15][16]
The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists 22 languages,[17] which have been referred to as scheduled
languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement. In
addition, the Government of India has awarded the distinction of classical language to Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu. Classical language status is given to languages which have a rich heritage and independent nature.
According to the Census of India of 2001,
India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages. However,
figures from other sources vary, primarily due to differences in
definition of the terms “language” and “dialect”. The 2001 Census
recorded 30 languages which were spoken by more than a million native
speakers and 122 which were spoken by more than 10,000 people.[18] Two contact languages have played an important role in the history of India: Persian[19] and English.[20] Persian was the court language during the Mughal period in India. It reigned as an administrative language for several centuries until the era of British colonisation.[21]
English continues to be an important language in India. It is used in
higher education and in some areas of the Indian government. Hindi, which has the largest number of first-language speakers in India today,[22] serves as the lingua franca across much of North and Central India. However, there have been concerns raised with Hindi being imposed in South India, most notably in the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka,[23][24] Maharashtra, West Bengal, Assam, Punjab and other non-Hindi regions have also started to voice concerns about Hindi.[25] Bengali is the second most spoken and understood language in the country with a significant amount of speakers in eastern and northeastern regions. Marathi is the third most spoken and understood language in the country with a significant amount of speakers in South-Western regions.
Lesson 4685 Sat 21 Jan 2023
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
quantum universe GIF
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
This is for BODY
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
grows vegetables 🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🧅 🍄 🥗 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵 🍈 &
Fruits 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱in pots 🪴 which tastes the same for all including haters to live
like free birds 🦅 to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.
After
getting up at 3:45 AM take bath🧼 and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic
Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
130) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد بااختیار جمبودیپا کائنات
اب وہ سب کچھ ہے جو آپ کے پاس ہے۔
اچھے دماغ کو صاف کریں۔
یہ جسم کے لیے ہے۔
دنیا کے تمام بڑے مذاہب کے سمجھدار، ذہین لوگ
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد بااختیار جمبودیپا
کائنات سبزیوں کو اگاتا ہے 🥗 🥗 🥬 🥔 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🍅 🧅 🧅 🍄 🍄 🌵🍈 🌵🍈 & frutits🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍇 🍌🍎🍉🍒🍑 🥝 پودوں 🌱in برتن 🪴
یہ دماغ کے لیے ہے۔
ہم اندر تھے۔
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد بااختیار جمبودیپا
ہم میں ہیں
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد بااختیار جمبودیپا
نفرت کرنے والوں سمیت سب کے لیے ایک جیسا ذائقہ ہے آزاد پرندوں کی طرح رہنا 🦅 اچھی زمین اور جگہ پر بھوک پر قابو پانے کے لیے۔ صبح 3:45 بجے اٹھنے کے بعد
غسل کریں اور بدھ مت پتنجلی یوگک مراقبہ سانس لیں اور کریں۔
جسم کی تمام پوزیشنوں میں سانس چھوڑنا۔
مراقبہ مائنڈفل تیراکی کریں۔
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد
بااختیار جمبودیپا مہا مایاوتی جی نے کہا کہ وہ اشوکن کو واپس لائیں گی۔
راج جمبودیپا کو جمبوسنڈا کے نام سے بھی جانا جاتا ہے جو جمبو کا درخت اگتا ہے۔
اس کا نام (ناگا) سے اخذ کیا گیا ہے جو اس کی نمائندگی کے لیے وہاں بڑھتا ہے۔
تیسری صدی قبل مسیح میں دائرہ
جمبودیپا کے بااختیار ابیوریجنل
درج فہرست ذات کے رہنما اور اتر پردیش کے سابق وزیر اعلیٰ
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد
جمبودیپا کے بااختیار ابیوریجنل
مہا مایاوتی نے کہا کہ حریف جماعتیں بی ایس پی کو اقتدار میں آنے سے روکنے کے لیے تمام حربے استعمال کر رہی ہیں۔
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد
جمبودیپا کے بااختیار ابیوریجنل
مہا
مایاوتی نے الیکٹرانک ووٹنگ کے استعمال پر بھی تشویش ظاہر کی۔
مشینیں “1984 کے بعد سے، بیلٹ پیپر کا استعمال، ووٹ کا فیصد نہیں۔
کمی
ای وی ایم کے استعمال سے پارٹی ووٹنگ فیصد میں کمی آئی ہے۔
نیچے مختلف ممالک میں ای وی ایم کو واپس لے لیا گیا اور بیلٹ پیپرز
استعمال کیا جا رہا ہے. یہ ای وی ایم کا کام ہے کہ بی ایس پی کا ووٹ کم ہوا ہے۔ میں
انہوں نے الیکشن کمیشن سے بیلٹ پیپر استعمال کرنے کی اپیل کی ہے۔
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد بااختیار جمبودیپا کا آبائی باشندہ
مہا
مایاوتی نے کہا کہ ان کی بی ایس پی کسی بھی پارٹی کے ساتھ اتحاد نہیں کرے گی۔
آئندہ ریاستی انتخابات یا 2024 کے قومی انتخابات۔
“بی ایس پی
راجستھان، چھتیس گڑھ اور کسی بھی پارٹی کے ساتھ اتحاد نہیں کریں گے۔
کرناٹک اسمبلی انتخابات کے ساتھ ساتھ 2024 کے لوک سبھا انتخابات۔
کہتی تھی.
اس نے غیر ملکیوں کے خلاف ایک تازہ حملہ بھی کیا۔
بنی اسرائیل، تبت، افریقہ، مغربی یورپ، مشرقی سے نکال دیا گیا۔
جرمنی، جنوبی روس، مشرقی یورپ، ہنگری چتپاون برہمن
راؤڈی
سویم سیوک نمبر ایک دہشت گرد نفرت، غصہ، حسد،
وہم، حماقت جو دماغ کی ناپاک ہے جس کے لیے ذہنی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔
زعفران پارٹی کے لیے ذہنی پناہ گاہوں میں علاج
“غلطی کی وجہ سے
بی جے پی حکومت کی پالیسیوں سے عوام قدرتی آفت کا سامنا کر رہے ہیں۔
اس نے مزید کہا کہ اس کے ڈوبنے کے واضح حوالے سے
اتراکھنڈ کا جوشی مٹھ قصبہ۔
مرکزی ایجنسیوں کو سیاست زدہ کر دیا گیا ہے۔
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد
جمبودیپا کے بااختیار ابیوریجنل
رہنما نے کہا.
وہ
کانگریس اور ایس پی کو بھی نشانہ بنایا: “OBC، SC/ST کے لیے ریزرویشن
بی جے پی حکومت کی طرف سے لاگو نہیں کیا جا رہا ہے. کانگریس اور
سماج وادی پارٹی نے او بی سی، ایس سی اور ایس ٹی کمیونٹی کو بھی دھوکہ دیا ہے۔
مایاوتی نے 67 ویں سالگرہ منائی، 2024 کے لیے پر امید
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد
جمبودیپا کے بااختیار ابیوریجنل
طے شدہ
ذات مہا مایاوتی، بہوجن سماج پارٹی (بی ایس پی) کی سربراہ اور
اتر پردیش کے چار بار وزیر اعلیٰ رہنے والے، 15 جنوری 1956 کو پیدا ہوئے۔
دہلی میں ایک
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد بااختیار جمبودیپا کا آبائی باشندہ
بیدار ایبوریجنل شیڈیولڈ کاسٹ فیملی۔
اس کے علاوہ
وہ اتر پردیش کے اہم سیاسی رہنماؤں میں سے ایک ہیں۔
ایک بااختیار بیدار ایبوریجنل شیڈیولڈ کاسٹ آئیکن اور اس کا اثر ہے۔
کی حدود سے بہت آگے تک پھیلا ہوا ہے۔
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد بااختیار جمبودیپا کا آبائی باشندہ
قبائلی درج فہرست ذات پربدھ بھارت کی سب سے زیادہ آبادی والی ریاست۔
ہم میں رہنا جاری ہے۔
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد بااختیار جمبودیپا
——–1
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد
جمبودیپا کے بااختیار ابیوریجنل
طے شدہ
ذات مہا مایاوتی کا بچپن سادہ تھا، اور ان کے والد، پربھو داس،
پوسٹ آفس میں ملازم تھا۔
اس نے اپنی بیچلر ڈگری میں حاصل کی۔
کالندی ویمن کالج سے آرٹس، اور کیمپس لاء سے قانون کی ڈگری
مرکز، دہلی یونیورسٹی۔
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد
جمبودیپا کے بااختیار ابیوریجنل
طے شدہ
ذات مہا مایاوتی کا بچپن سادہ تھا، اور ان کے والد، پربھو داس،
پوسٹ آفس میں ملازم تھا۔ JAMBUDIPA کے پرجوش، ہمدرد بااختیار ایبوریجنل
طے شدہ
ذات
جنتا پارٹی کے راج نارائن کے زیر اہتمام، جنہوں نے شکست کھائی تھی۔
رائے بریلی سے لوک سبھا انتخابات میں اندرا گاندھی بار بار
کا حوالہ دیا
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد بااختیار جمبودیپا کا آبائی باشندہ
درج فہرست ذاتیں بطور ہریجن۔
اس سے نوجوان ناراض ہو گیا۔
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد
جمبودیپا کے بااختیار ابیوریجنل
طے شدہ
ذات مہا مایاوتی جو اس تقریب میں موجود تھیں۔ بطور صحافی
بھوپیش بھنڈاری نے دسمبر 2011 میں بزنس سٹینڈرڈ میں لکھا:
“یہاں تک کہ
ان ابتدائی دنوں میں وہ اصطلاح [ہریجن] تلاش کرتی تھی، جس کے ذریعے وضع کی گئی تھی۔
مہاتما گاندھی، قابل مذمت اور اس طرح انتہائی جارحانہ۔ وہ چل پڑی۔
سٹیج پر جا کر راج نارائن کو پھاڑ دیا۔ چند ماہ بعد، ایک پر
سردی
سردیوں کی رات،
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد
جمبودیپا کے بااختیار ابیوریجنل
درج فہرست ذات مہا مانیور کانشی رام [بی ایس پی کے بانی] ان سے گھر گئے۔
دی
برلی سکھ [ان کا خاندان ایک بااختیار بیدار ایبوریجنل سے تعلق رکھتا تھا۔
درج فہرست ذات برادری لیکن سکھ مذہب اختیار کرچکی تھی] اس نے اپنا کام چھوڑ دیا تھا۔
بااختیار بیدار ایبوریجنل کے مقصد سے لڑنے کے لئے سرکاری ملازمت
درج فہرست ذات برادری۔
مبینہ طور پر اس نے اسے بتایا کہ اگر وہ
اس کا پیچھا کیا، ایک دن وہ آئی اے ایس افسران کو حکم دے رہی ہوگی۔ یہ تھا
ایک پیشن گوئی جو سچ ہو گی.
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، ہمدرد بااختیار جمبودیپا کا آبائی باشندہ
طے شدہ
ذات مہا مانیور کانشی رام نے 1984 میں بی ایس پی کی بنیاد رکھی، انہوں نے بنایا
ابدی، جلالی، دوستانہ، مہربان، سی بااختیار آبائی
جمبودیپا مہا مایاوتی ان کی بنیادی ٹیم کی رکن ہیں۔
یہ وہ جگہ ہے
جمبودیپا ایک نام جو اکثر گریٹر کے علاقے کو بیان کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
قدیم ذرائع میں پربدھ بھارت۔ یہ اصطلاح کے تصور پر مبنی ہے۔
dvīpa، قدیم کائنات میں “جزیرہ” یا “براعظم” کا مطلب ہے۔
جمبودویپا کی اصطلاح اشوک نے اپنے آبائی علاقے کی نمائندگی کے لیے استعمال کی تھی۔
دی
بدھ مت کاسمولوجی بھومنڈالا (زمین کے دائرے) کو دو حصوں میں تقسیم کرتی ہے۔
تین الگ الگ درجے: کامدھاتو (خواہش کا دائرہ)، روپدھاتو (فارم
دائرہ، اور اروپیادھاتو (بے شکل دائرہ)۔ کامدھاتو میں واقع ہے۔
کوہ سمیرو جس کے بارے میں کہا جاتا ہے کہ وہ چار جزائر براعظموں سے گھرا ہوا ہے۔
“دی
جنوبی جزیرہ جمبودیپا کہلاتا ہے۔ کے دیگر تین براعظموں
سمیرو کے ارد گرد بدھ مت کے اکاؤنٹس انسانوں کے لیے قابل رسائی نہیں ہیں۔
جمبودیپا کی شکل ایک مثلث کی طرح ہے جس کا رخ جنوب کی طرف ہے، کچھ حد تک برصغیر پاک و ہند کی طرح۔ اس کے مرکز میں ایک ہے۔
جمبو کا بہت بڑا درخت جس سے براعظم اپنا نام لیتا ہے، جس کا مطلب ہے “جمبو
جمبودیپا، چار مہادیپوں میں سے ایک، یا عظیم براعظم، جو کاکاوالا میں شامل ہیں اور ان پر ایک کاکاوٹی کی حکومت ہے۔
وہ سمیرو پہاڑ کے گرد گروہ ہیں۔ جمبودیپا میں ہماوا ہے جس کی چوراسی ہزار چوٹیاں، اس کی جھیلیں، پہاڑی سلسلے وغیرہ ہیں۔
یہ
براعظم کا نام جمبو کے درخت (جسے ناگا بھی کہا جاتا ہے) سے اخذ کیا گیا ہے۔
وہیں اگتا ہے، اس کا تنے پندرہ یوجن کے دائرے میں، اس کا پھیلاؤ
پچاس یوجن لمبائی میں شاخیں، اس کا سایہ ایک سو یوجن میں ہے۔
حد اور اس کی اونچائی سو یوجناس
اس کی وجہ سے
درخت، جمبودیپا کو جمبوسنڈا کے نام سے بھی جانا جاتا ہے .براعظم دس ہے۔
ہزار یوجناس حد تک؛ ان دس ہزار میں سے چار ہزار ہیں۔
سمندر سے ڈھکا ہوا، تین ہزار ہمالیہ کے پہاڑوں سے، جبکہ
تین ہزار مرد آباد ہیں۔
جمبودیپا وہ خطہ ہے جہاں
انسان رہتے ہیں اور وہ واحد جگہ ہے جہاں کوئی وجود بیدار ہوسکتا ہے۔
ایک انسان کے طور پر پیدا ہونے سے.
یہ جمبودیپا میں ہے کہ کوئی ہو سکتا ہے۔
دھم کا تحفہ حاصل کریں اور چار عظیم سچائیوں کو سمجھیں،
نوبل ایٹ فولڈ پاتھ اور بالآخر
زندگی اور موت کے چکر سے آزادی کا احساس کریں۔
ایک اور
حوالہ بدھ مت کے متن Mahavamsa سے ہے، جہاں شہنشاہ
اشوک کے بیٹے مہندا نے سری لنکا کے بادشاہ سے اپنا تعارف کرایا
دیوانمپیاٹیسا جیسا کہ جمبودیپا سے ہے، جس کا حوالہ دیتے ہوئے اب کیا ہے۔
پربدھ بھارتی برصغیر۔ یہ مہایان میں کتی گربھ سوتر میں مبنی ہے۔
جمبودیپا جغرافیائی سیاسی معنوں میں
دی
جمبودیپا کی اصطلاح اشوک نے شاید تیسرے میں اپنے دائرے کی نمائندگی کے لیے استعمال کی ہے۔
صدی قبل مسیح، اسی اصطلاحات کو بعد کے نوشتہ جات میں دہرایا گیا ہے۔
مثال کے طور پر دسویں صدی عیسوی کا میسورین نوشتہ جو اس خطے کو بھی بیان کرتا ہے،
ممکنہ طور پر ہندوستان، جمبودیپا کے طور پر۔
‘دی
کنٹلا ملک (جس میں میسور کے شمال مغربی حصے شامل تھے۔
بمبئی پریذیڈنسی کے جنوبی حصوں پر) کی حکومت تھی۔
نوا نندا،
گپتا کول، موریہ بادشاہ؛ پھر رتوں نے اس پر حکومت کی:
چلوکیوں کے بعد پھر کلاچوریہ خاندان؛ اور اس کے بعد
انہیں (Hoysala) Ballalas.’ ایک اور، کبتور میں، واضح طور پر کہتا ہے کہ
چندر گپتا نے بھرت کھیتر کے جنوب میں ناگا کھنڈا پر حکومت کی۔
جمبودیپا کا:
یہ ناگارا کھنڈا ستر ہے۔
نوشتہ جات، جن میں بندنیکے (شیموگہ میں بندالیک) لگتا ہے۔
اہم شہر تھا.
اور مزید، ایک ریکارڈ جو ذیل میں دیکھا جائے گا کہتا ہے کہ کدمبا بادشاہ کی بیٹیوں کی شادی گپتوں سے کی گئی تھی۔
میسور کی رپورٹ
پہاڑ
میرو (سمیرو (سنسکرت) یا سینرو (پالی) یا کنگرین بوکے بھی ہے
بدھ مت کاسمولوجی میں مرکزی عالمی پہاڑ کا نام۔
لفظیات کے لحاظ سے، پہاڑ کا صحیح نام میرو (پالی میرو) ہے، جس میں تصنیف کا سابقہ su- شامل کیا گیا ہے۔
جس کا مطلب ہے “بہترین میرو” یا “حیرت انگیز میرو”۔
بااختیار جمبودیپا یونیورس
جمبودیپا
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) چار براعظموں میں سے ایک، جو
ماؤنٹ میرو کے جنوب میں۔) جنوب میں واقع ہے اور اس کی رہائش گاہ ہے۔
عام انسان.
اس کی شکل trapezoidal ہے یا کلہاڑی کے سر کی شکل سے ملتی جلتی ہے۔ یہ انسانی دنیا ہے جس میں ہم
کہا جاتا ہے کہ اس کی شکل “گاڑی کی طرح” ہے، یا اس کی بجائے ایک کند ناک مثلث ہے جس کا رخ جنوب کی طرف ہے۔
(یہ تفصیل شاید جنوبی پربدھ بھارت کی ساحلی پٹی کی شکل کی بازگشت ہے۔
کرناٹک
جغرافیائی سیاسی لحاظ سے جمبودویپا
دی
جمبودویپا کی اصطلاح اشوک نے شاید تیسرے میں اپنے دائرے کی نمائندگی کے لیے استعمال کی ہے۔
صدی قبل مسیح، اسی اصطلاحات کو بعد میں دہرایا جاتا ہے۔
مثال کے طور پر دسویں صدی عیسوی کے میسوری نوشتہ جات
جو اس خطے کو بھی بیان کرتا ہے، غالباً پربدھ بھارت کے طور پر
جمبودویپا۔
کنٹلا ملک (جس میں
میسور کے شمال مغربی حصے اور بمبئی کے جنوبی حصے
صدارت) پر نوا نندا، گپتا کولا، موریہ بادشاہوں کی حکومت تھی۔
پھر رتوں نے اس پر حکومت کی: چلوکیوں کے بعد پھر
کلاچوریہ خاندان؛
ان کے بعد (Hoysala) Ballalas۔
جمبودیپا)
ایک نام ہے جو اکثر گریٹر پربدھ کے علاقے کو بیان کرنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتا ہے۔
قدیم ہندوستانی ذرائع میں بھارت۔ اصطلاح کے تصور پر مبنی ہے۔
dvīpa، قدیم پربودھ بھارتی میں جس کا مطلب ہے “جزیرہ” یا “براعظم”
cosmogony
جمبودویپا کی اصطلاح اشوک نے نمائندگی کے لیے استعمال کی تھی۔
تیسری صدی قبل مسیح میں ان کے دائرے میں۔ اسی اصطلاح میں استعمال ہوا تھا۔
اس کے بعد کی تحریریں، مثال کے طور پر دسویں سے کنڑ نوشتہ جات
صدی عیسوی جس نے اس خطے کو بھی بیان کیا، غالباً قدیم پربدھ
بھارت، جمبودیپا کے طور پر
اشوکا کے سہسرام مائنر راک ایڈکٹ میں “پربدھ بھارت” کے لیے پراکرت نام جمبودیپاسی، تقریباً 250 قبل مسیح (براہمی رسم الخط)۔
یہ
10,000 یوجناس حد تک ہے (وبھاجیاواد روایت) یا اس کا دائرہ ہے
6,000 یوجن (سرواستیواد روایت) جس میں شامل کیا جا سکتا ہے
صرف 3 1⁄2 یوجناس کی لمبائی کا جنوبی ساحل۔
براعظم لیتا ہے۔
اس کا نام جمبو کے ایک بڑے درخت (Syzygium cumini) سے، 100 یوجناس لمبا،
جو براعظم کے وسط میں اگتا ہے۔
ہر براعظم میں ان میں سے ایک بڑا درخت ہوتا ہے۔
جمبودیپا میں تمام بیدار ایک بدھ نظر آتے ہیں۔
دی
یہاں کے لوگ پانچ سے چھ فٹ لمبے ہوتے ہیں اور ان کی زندگی کی لمبائی مختلف ہوتی ہے۔
10 سے اقتدار کے درمیان 140 سال (Asankya Aayu) اور 10 سال۔
“چونکہ یہ براعظم ایک کلومیٹر جمبوبرکشا جامبو کے درخت سے مزین ہے، اس لیے اسے ‘جامبو کا براعظم’، یا جمبودیپا کہا جاتا ہے۔
جمبو کے درخت کو کچھ لوگ گلاب سیب کا درخت (یوجینیا جمبولانا) سمجھتے ہیں۔
مزید حالیہ اسکالرشپ سے پتہ چلتا ہے کہ یہ بیر کی ایک قسم ہوسکتی ہے۔
تاہم، لیجنڈ کا کہنا ہے کہ صرف ایک جمبو کا درخت موجود ہے، جو عام لوگوں کو نظر نہیں آتا بلکہ صرف بیدار انسانوں کو نظر آتا ہے۔
دی
بدھ مت کاسمولوجی بھومنڈالا (زمین کے دائرے) کو دو حصوں میں تقسیم کرتی ہے۔
تین الگ الگ درجے: کامدھاتو (خواہش کا دائرہ)، روپدھاتو (فارم
دائرہ، اور اروپیادھاتو (بے شکل دائرہ)۔ کامدھاتو میں واقع ہے۔
کوہ سمیرو جس کے بارے میں کہا جاتا ہے کہ وہ چار جزائر براعظموں سے گھرا ہوا ہے۔
“دی
جنوبی جزیرہ جمبودیپا کہلاتا ہے۔ کے دیگر تین براعظموں
سمیرو کے ارد گرد بدھ مت کے اکاؤنٹس انسانوں کے لیے قابل رسائی نہیں ہیں۔
جمبودیپا۔
جمبودیپا کی شکل ایک مثلث کی طرح ہے جس میں ایک ٹوٹا ہوا نقطہ ہے۔
جنوب کی طرف، کچھ برصغیر پاک و ہند کی طرح۔
اس کے مرکز میں جمبو کا ایک بہت بڑا درخت ہے جس سے براعظم اپنا نام لیتا ہے، جس کا مطلب ہے “جمبو جزیرہ”۔
جمبودیپا، چار مہادیپوں میں سے ایک، یا عظیم براعظم، جو کاکاوالا میں شامل ہیں اور ان پر حکومت کرتا ہے۔
کاکاوٹی۔
وہ سمیرو پہاڑ کے گرد گروپ کیے گئے ہیں۔ جمبودیپا میں ہماوا ہے۔
اس کی چوراسی ہزار چوٹیاں، اس کی جھیلیں، پہاڑی سلسلے وغیرہ۔
——-3
تاہم، لیجنڈ کا کہنا ہے کہ صرف ایک جمبو کا درخت موجود ہے، جو عام لوگوں کو نظر نہیں آتا بلکہ صرف بیدار انسانوں کو نظر آتا ہے۔
دی
بدھ مت کاسمولوجی بھومنڈالا (زمین کے دائرے) کو دو حصوں میں تقسیم کرتی ہے۔
تین الگ الگ درجے: کامدھاتو (خواہش کا دائرہ)،
روپدھاتو (شکل
دائرہ، اور اروپیادھاتو (بے شکل دائرہ)۔ کامدھاتو میں واقع ہے۔
کوہ سمیرو جس کے بارے میں کہا جاتا ہے کہ وہ چار جزائر براعظموں سے گھرا ہوا ہے۔
“دی
جنوبی جزیرہ جمبودیپا کہلاتا ہے۔ کے دیگر تین براعظموں
سمیرو کے ارد گرد بدھ مت کے اکاؤنٹس انسانوں کے لیے قابل رسائی نہیں ہیں۔
جمبودیپا۔
جمبودیپا کی شکل ایک مثلث کی طرح ہے جس میں ایک ٹوٹا ہوا نقطہ ہے۔
جنوب کی طرف، کچھ برصغیر پاک و ہند کی طرح۔
اس کے مرکز میں جمبو کا ایک بہت بڑا درخت ہے جس سے براعظم اپنا نام لیتا ہے، جس کا مطلب ہے “جمبو جزیرہ”۔
جمبودیپا، چار مہادیپوں میں سے ایک، یا عظیم براعظم، جو کاکاوالا میں شامل ہیں اور ان پر حکومت کرتا ہے۔
کاکاوٹی۔
وہ سمیرو پہاڑ کے گرد گروپ کیے گئے ہیں۔ جمبودیپا میں ہماوا ہے۔
اس کی چوراسی ہزار چوٹیاں، اس کی جھیلیں، پہاڑی سلسلے وغیرہ۔
تاہم، لیجنڈ کا کہنا ہے کہ صرف ایک جمبو کا درخت موجود ہے، جو عام لوگوں کو نظر نہیں آتا بلکہ صرف بیدار انسانوں کو نظر آتا ہے۔
دی
بدھ مت کاسمولوجی بھومنڈالا (زمین کے دائرے) کو دو حصوں میں تقسیم کرتی ہے۔
تین الگ الگ درجے: کامدھاتو (خواہش کا دائرہ)، روپدھاتو (فارم
دائرہ، اور اروپیادھاتو (بے شکل دائرہ)۔ کامدھاتو میں واقع ہے۔
کوہ سمیرو جس کے بارے میں کہا جاتا ہے کہ وہ چار جزائر براعظموں سے گھرا ہوا ہے۔
“دی
جنوبی جزیرہ جمبودیپا کہلاتا ہے۔ کے دیگر تین براعظموں
سمیرو کے ارد گرد بدھ مت کے اکاؤنٹس انسانوں کے لیے قابل رسائی نہیں ہیں۔
جمبودیپا۔
جمبودیپا کی شکل ایک مثلث کی طرح ہے جس میں ایک ٹوٹا ہوا نقطہ ہے۔
جنوب کی طرف، کچھ برصغیر پاک و ہند کی طرح۔
اس کے مرکز میں جمبو کا ایک بہت بڑا درخت ہے جس سے براعظم اپنا نام لیتا ہے، جس کا مطلب ہے “جمبو جزیرہ”۔
جمبودیپا، چار مہادیپوں میں سے ایک، یا عظیم براعظم، جو کاکاوالا میں شامل ہیں اور ان پر حکومت کرتا ہے۔
کاکاوٹی۔
وہ سمیرو پہاڑ کے گرد گروپ کیے گئے ہیں۔ جمبودیپا میں ہماوا ہے۔
اس کی چوراسی ہزار چوٹیاں، اس کی جھیلیں، پہاڑی سلسلے،
اس براعظم نے اپنا نام جمبو کے درخت (جسے ناگا بھی کہا جاتا ہے) سے اخذ کیا ہے جو وہاں اگتا ہے، اس کے تنے کے 15 یوجنوں کے دائرے میں،
اس کا
پھیلانے والی شاخیں پچاس یوجن لمبائی میں، اس کا سایہ ایک
سو یوجناس حد اور اس کی اونچائی سو یوجناس (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
اس درخت کی وجہ سے جمبودیپا کو جمبوسنڈا (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121) کے نام سے بھی جانا جاتا ہے۔
دی
براعظم دس ہزار یوجناس حد تک ہے۔ ان دس ہزار میں سے چار
ہزار سمندر میں، تین ہزار سمندر سے ڈھکے ہوئے ہیں۔
ہمالیہ
پہاڑ، جب کہ تین ہزار مرد آباد ہیں جمبودیپا ہے۔
وہ خطہ جہاں انسان رہتے ہیں اور وہ واحد جگہ ہے جہاں کوئی وجود ہو سکتا ہے۔
ایک انسان کے طور پر پیدا ہو کر روشن خیال بنیں.
یہ مہایان میں کتی گربھ سوتر میں مبنی ہے۔
جمبودیپا جغرافیائی سیاسی معنوں میں جمبودیپا کی اصطلاح اشوک نے تیسری صدی قبل مسیح میں اپنے دائرے کی نمائندگی کے لیے استعمال کی تھی۔
مثال کے طور پر اس کے بعد کے نوشتہ جات میں اسی اصطلاحات کو دہرایا جاتا ہے۔
میسورین
دسویں صدی عیسوی کا نوشتہ جو بھی بیان کرتا ہے۔
خطہ، غالباً ہندوستان، جمبودیپا کے طور پر کنٹلا ملک (جس میں شامل ہے۔
میسور کے شمال مغربی حصے اور بمبئی کے جنوبی حصے
صدارت) پر نوا نندا، گپتا کول، موریہ بادشاہوں کی حکومت تھی۔
پھر رتوں نے اس پر حکومت کی: جن کے بعد چلوکیہ تھے۔ پھر
کالچوریہ
خاندان اور ان کے بعد (Hoysala) Ballalas۔'’ دوسرا، کبتور میں،
واضح طور پر کہتا ہے کہ چندر گپتا نے جنوب میں ناگا کھنڈا پر حکومت کی۔
جمبودیپا کے بھارت کھیت کے:
یہ ناگارا کھنڈا ہے۔
بہت سے نوشتہ جات میں سے ستر، جن میں بندنیکے (بندلیکے میں
شیموگا) ایسا لگتا ہے کہ شہر کا سب سے بڑا شہر رہا ہے۔ اور یہ ایک ریکارڈ ہے۔
ذیل میں دیکھا گیا ہے کہ کدمبا بادشاہ کی بیٹیاں دی گئی تھیں۔
گپتا سے شادی میسور کی سالانہ رپورٹ
Etymologically، the
پہاڑ کا صحیح نام میرو (پالی میرو) ہے، جس میں یہ شامل کیا گیا ہے۔
approbatory prefix su-، جس کے نتیجے میں معنی “بہترین میرو” یا
“حیرت انگیز میرو”.
——4
دی
بدھ مت کاسمولوجی بھومنڈالا (زمین کے دائرے) کو دو حصوں میں تقسیم کرتی ہے۔
تین الگ الگ درجے: کامدھاتو (خواہش کا دائرہ)، روپدھاتو (فارم
دائرہ، اور اروپیادھاتو (بے شکل دائرہ)۔ کامدھاتو میں واقع ہے۔
کوہ سمیرو جس کے بارے میں کہا جاتا ہے کہ وہ چار جزائر براعظموں سے گھرا ہوا ہے۔
“دی
جنوبی جزیرہ جمبودیپا کہلاتا ہے۔ کے دیگر تین براعظموں
سمیرو کے ارد گرد بدھ مت کے اکاؤنٹس انسانوں کے لیے قابل رسائی نہیں ہیں۔
جمبودیپا۔ جمبودیپا کی شکل ایک مثلث کی طرح ہے جس میں ایک ٹوٹا ہوا نقطہ ہے۔
جنوب کی طرف، کچھ حد تک پربدھ بھارتی برصغیر کی طرح۔
اس کے مرکز میں جمبو کا ایک بہت بڑا درخت ہے جس سے براعظم اپنا نام لیتا ہے، جس کا مطلب ہے “جمبو جزیرہ”۔
جمبودیپا،
چار مہادیپوں میں سے ایک، یا عظیم براعظم، جس میں شامل ہیں۔
Cakkavāla اور ایک Cakkavatti کی حکومت ہے۔ وہ راؤنڈ گروپ ہیں
کوہ سمیرو۔
جمبودیپا میں ہماوا ہے جس کی چوراسی ہزار چوٹیاں، اس کی جھیلیں، پہاڑی سلسلے وغیرہ ہیں۔
یہ
براعظم کا نام جمبو کے درخت (جسے ناگا بھی کہا جاتا ہے) سے اخذ کیا گیا ہے۔
وہیں اگتا ہے، اس کا تنے پندرہ یوجن کے دائرے میں، اس کا پھیلاؤ
شاخوں کی لمبائی پچاس یوجن،
اس کا سایہ ایک سو یوجناس حد تک اور اس کی اونچائی ایک سو یوجن (Vin.i.30؛ SNA.ii.443؛ Vsm.i.205f؛ Sp.i.119، وغیرہ)
اس درخت کی وجہ سے جمبودیپا کو جمبوسنڈا (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121) کے نام سے بھی جانا جاتا ہے۔
دی
براعظم دس ہزار یوجناس حد تک ہے۔ ان دس ہزار میں سے
چار ہزار سمندر سے ڈھکے ہوئے ہیں، تین ہزار ہمالیہ سے
پہاڑ، جبکہ تین ہزار آدمی آباد ہیں (SNA.ii.437;
UdA.300)۔
جمبودویپا وہ خطہ ہے جہاں انسان رہتے ہیں اور ہیں۔
واحد جگہ جہاں ایک وجود ایک کے طور پر پیدا ہو کر روشن ہو سکتا ہے۔
انسان.
یہ جمبودویپا میں ہے کہ کسی کو تحفہ مل سکتا ہے۔
دھرم اور چار عظیم سچائیوں، نوبل کو سمجھیں۔
آٹھ گنا راستہ اور بالآخر کے چکر سے آزادی کا احساس
زندگی اور موت.
ایک اور حوالہ بدھ مت کے متن سے ہے۔
مہاومس، جہاں شہنشاہ اشوک کے بیٹے مہندا نے اپنا تعارف کرایا
سری لنکا کے بادشاہ دیوانمپیاٹیسا کا ذکر جمبودویپا سے ہے۔
اب برصغیر پاک و ہند کیا ہے۔ یہ کشتی گربھ میں مبنی ہے۔
مہایان میں سترا۔
ایک سروے کے مطابق، اگر ہندوستان میں جین 0.3٪ سے 3٪ پر جائیں تو ہم امریکہ اور چین کو پیچھے چھوڑ دیں گے۔
تو آئیے کچھ حقائق کے بارے میں بات کرتے ہیں:
● قومی اوسط خواندگی کی شرح 65%، جینوں کی اوسط خواندگی کی شرح 94%۔
● خواتین کی قومی اوسط خواندگی کی شرح 54%، جینز خواتین کی اوسط خواندگی کی شرح 91%۔
● کل CAs میں سے 50% جین ہیں۔
● فوربس کے مطابق، جین ہندوستان اور بیلجیم کے امیر ترین لوگ ہیں۔
● جین ہندوستانی آبادی کا 0.3% ہیں لیکن انکم ٹیکس کا 24% ادا کرتے ہیں۔ [2009 میں جینوں نے انکم ٹیکس کا 42 فیصد بھی ادا کیا ہے]
● جین قومی ترقی میں 25 فیصد حصہ ڈالتے ہیں۔
● دنیا میں 65% ہیرے اور سونے کا کاروبار جینز کرتے ہیں۔
● 62% خیرات جینز کرتے ہیں۔
● 46% اسٹاک بروکر جین ہیں۔
● ائر لائن انڈسٹری کا 33% حصہ جینز کے زیر کنٹرول ہے۔
● 20% فارماسیوٹیکل اور ٹیکسٹائل جینز کے زیر کنٹرول ہیں۔
● جینوں کی عمر 71 سال کی سب سے زیادہ متوقع ہے۔
● 16,000 گوشالوں میں سے 9,600 کو جین چلاتے ہیں۔
● البر آئن سٹائن نے ایک بار کہا تھا کہ میں نہیں جانتا کہ تناسخ ہے یا نہیں لیکن اگر ایسا ہوتا ہے تو میں جین بننا چاہتا ہوں۔
●
عالمی ماحولیاتی کمیٹی کے سالانہ اجلاس کے مطابق جرمنی میں
2010 “اگر ہمیں زمین کو گلوبل وارمنگ سے بچانا ہے تو ہمیں اس پر عمل کرنا ہوگا۔
جین کا طرز زندگی اور اصول۔”
● دوسروں کی طرح کبھی بھی اقلیتی کارڈ نہیں کھیلتے۔
●
جینوں کو کاروبار کرنا نہیں سکھایا جاتا، یہ ہمارے جینز میں ہے۔ [آپ نہیں کرتے
شیر کے بچے کو شکار کرنے کا طریقہ سکھائیں اور اسی طرح a کا بچہ
جین کو یہ بھی نہیں سکھایا جاتا کہ کاروبار کیسے کریں]۔
● جین نوکری کے متلاشی نہیں ہیں، ہم نوکری دینے والے ہیں۔
●
وکیل، ڈاکٹر دوسروں کے دکھ پر جیتے ہیں جب کہ سی اے
دوسروں کی ترقی یا خوشی۔ [اس طرح ہم کاروبار کا انتخاب کرتے ہیں]۔
● ہم کتوں سے محبت نہیں کرتے اور پھر مچھروں کو مارتے ہیں۔
● دوسرے یہ ویگن- ڈائیٹشین- دماغ پر قابو رکھتے ہیں- ماسک پہن کر کر رہے ہیں۔ جین صدیوں سے یہ کام کر رہے ہیں۔
● ہم جیو اور جینے دو میں یقین رکھتے ہیں۔ [مکیش امبامی کہتے ہیں جیو ہم کہتے ہیں جیو اور جین کرتے ہیں]
● ہم ‘میں’ پر یقین نہیں رکھتے۔ ہم ‘امریکہ’ پر یقین رکھتے ہیں۔
● سب سے بڑی لڑائی اس وجہ سے ہوتی ہے کہ تم غلط ہو اور میں صحیح ہوں۔ جین کہتے ہیں کہ تم صحیح ہو اور میں بھی ٹھیک ہوں۔ (باہمی احترام).
تو جین اتنے امیر اور عظیم کیوں ہیں؟
وجوہات -
● جین ڈائنامائٹس ہیں پرجیوی نہیں۔
● جانشینی کی منصوبہ بندی
● اعلیٰ حکمت (کیولیا گیان)
● “اہمسہ ورات” کی نذر (کوئی ہمسا نہیں چاہے ذہنی، زبانی یا جسمانی طور پر۔)
● زندگی کی مہربانی (جیو دیا)
● شعوری سرمایہ داری (ایسا نہ کریں - پارٹیاں، سیاست، لطف اندوزی، کلبھوشن، اداکاری)
(ہم نماز، مراقبہ، روحانیت، بخشش کرتے ہیں)۔
● برادری خاندان ہے۔
● دیانتداری پر بہت زیادہ
● Anekantavada (باہمی احترام)
● Chaturvidha Dana (خوراک، دوا، تحفظ، علم کا 4 گنا صدقہ)۔
————––5
86) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू सशक्त जंबुदीप विश्व
आता तुमच्याकडे आहे ते सर्व आहे
मन शुद्ध करा
हे शरीरासाठी आहे
जगातील सर्व प्रमुख धर्मातील हुशार, बुद्धिमान लोक
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू सशक्त जंबुदीपा
विश्वाने भाज्या वाढतात 🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🍄 🍄 🥒🌽 🌵🍈 🌵🍈 🌵🍈 🌵🍈 🌵🍈 🍊 🍊 🥭 🍌🍎🍉🍒🍑 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🪴 🪴 🪴 🪴
हे मनासाठी आहे
आम्ही आत होतो
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू सशक्त जंबुदीपा
आम्ही मध्ये आहोत
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू सशक्त जंबुदीपा
द्वेष करणार्यांसह सर्वांसाठी सारखीच चव आहे मुक्त पक्ष्यांसारखे जगणे 🦅 चांगल्या पृथ्वी आणि जागेवर भुकेवर मात करण्यासाठी
स्नान करा आणि बौद्ध पतंजली योगिक ध्यान इनहेलिंग करा आणि
शरीराच्या सर्व स्थितीत श्वास सोडणे.
मेडिटेटिव्ह माइंडफुल स्विमिंग करा
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू
सशक्त जंबुदीपा महा मायावती जी म्हणाल्या की त्या अशोकनला परत आणतील
नियम जंबुदीपाला जंबुसंदा असेही म्हणतात जे जंबूचे झाड वाढवते
त्याचे नाव (नागा) पासून घेतले आहे जे त्याचे प्रतिनिधित्व करण्यासाठी तेथे वाढते
इ.स.पूर्व तिसर्या शतकातील क्षेत्र
जंबुदिपाचे सशक्त आदिवासी
अनुसूचित जातीचे नेते आणि उत्तर प्रदेशचे माजी मुख्यमंत्री
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू
जंबुदिपाचे सशक्त आदिवासी
बसपाला सत्तेत येण्यापासून रोखण्यासाठी प्रतिस्पर्धी पक्ष सर्व युक्त्या वापरत असल्याचे महा मायावती म्हणाल्या.
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू
जंबुदिपाचे सशक्त आदिवासी
महा
मायावतींनी इलेक्ट्रॉनिक मतदानाच्या वापरावरही चिंता व्यक्त केली
यंत्रे. “1984 पासून, बॅलेट पेपरचा वापर, मतांची टक्केवारी नाही
कमी झाले.
ईव्हीएमच्या वापरामुळे पक्षाच्या मतदानाची टक्केवारी घसरली आहे
खाली विविध देशांमध्ये ईव्हीएम काढून बॅलेट पेपर घेण्यात आले होते
वापरले जात आहे. ईव्हीएमचे काम आहे की बसपचे मत कमी झाले आहे. आय
निवडणूक आयोगाला बॅलेट पेपर वापरण्याची विनंती केली आहे,” ती म्हणाली
जंबुदीपाचे शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू सशक्त आदिवासी
महा
मायावती म्हणाल्या की त्यांची बसपा कोणत्याही पक्षाशी युती करणार नाही
आगामी राज्य निवडणुका किंवा 2024 च्या राष्ट्रीय निवडणुका.
“बसपा
राजस्थान, छत्तीसगड आणि राज्यात कोणत्याही पक्षासोबत युती करणार नाही
कर्नाटक विधानसभा निवडणूक तसेच 2024 ची लोकसभा निवडणूक.
ती म्हणाली.
तिने परदेशी लोकांवरही नवा हल्ला चढवला
बेने इस्रायल, तिबेट, आफ्रिका, पश्चिम युरोप, पूर्वेतून बाहेर काढले
जर्मनी, दक्षिण रशिया, पूर्व युरोप, हंगेरी चित्पावन ब्राह्मण
राऊडी
द्वेष, राग, मत्सर हे स्वयंसेवक नंबर एकचे दहशतवादी,
भ्रम, मूर्खपणा जे मनाची अशुद्धता आहे ज्यासाठी मानसिक आवश्यक आहे
केशर पार्टीसाठी मानसिक आश्रयस्थानात उपचार
“चुकीमुळे
भाजप सरकारच्या धोरणांमुळे जनता नैसर्गिक आपत्तीचा सामना करत आहे.
च्या बुडण्याच्या स्पष्ट संदर्भात ती पुढे म्हणाली
उत्तराखंडमधील जोशीमठ शहर.
“केंद्रीय संस्थांचे राजकारण केले गेले आहे,” द
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू
जंबुदिपाचे सशक्त आदिवासी
नेता म्हणाला.
ती
काँग्रेस आणि सपालाही लक्ष्य केले: “ओबीसी, एससी/एसटीसाठी आरक्षण
भाजप सरकारकडून त्याची अंमलबजावणी होत नाही. काँग्रेस आणि
समाजवादी पक्षाने ओबीसी, एससी आणि एसटी समाजाचीही फसवणूक केली आहे.
मायावती 2024 साठी आशावादी, 67 वा वाढदिवस साजरा करतात
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू
जंबुदिपाचे सशक्त आदिवासी
अनुसूचित
बहुजन समाज पक्षाच्या (बसपा) प्रमुख जाती महामायावती अँड
उत्तर प्रदेशचे चार वेळा मुख्यमंत्री राहिलेल्यांचा जन्म १५ जानेवारी १९५६ रोजी झाला
दिल्लीत ए
जंबुदीपाचे शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू सशक्त आदिवासी
जागृत आदिवासी अनुसूचित जातीचे कुटुंब.
याशिवाय
उत्तर प्रदेशातील सर्वात महत्त्वाच्या राजकीय नेत्यांपैकी ती
एक सशक्त जागृत आदिवासी अनुसूचित जातीचे चिन्ह आणि तिचा प्रभाव आहे
च्या सीमांच्या पलीकडे विस्तारित आहे
जंबुदीपाचे शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू सशक्त आदिवासी
आदिवासी अनुसूचित जाती प्रबुद्ध भारताचे सर्वाधिक लोकसंख्या असलेले राज्य.
आम्ही मध्ये असणे सुरू
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू सशक्त जंबुदीपा
——–१
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू
जंबुदिपाचे सशक्त आदिवासी
अनुसूचित
जाती महा मायावती यांचे बालपण साधे होते आणि त्यांचे वडील प्रभु दास.
पोस्ट ऑफिसमध्ये नोकरीला होता.
मध्ये तिने बॅचलर डिग्री मिळवली
कालिंदी महिला महाविद्यालयातून कला आणि कॅम्पस लॉमधून कायद्याची पदवी
केंद्र, दिल्ली विद्यापीठ.
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू
जंबुदिपाचे सशक्त आदिवासी
अनुसूचित
जाती महा मायावती यांचे बालपण साधे होते आणि त्यांचे वडील प्रभु दास.
पोस्ट ऑफिसमध्ये नोकरीला होता. जंबुदीपाचे उत्साही, दयाळू सशक्त आदिवासी
अनुसूचित
जात
जनता पक्षाचे राज नारायण यांनी आयोजित केले होते, ज्यांचा पराभव झाला होता
इंदिरा गांधी लोकसभा निवडणुकीत रायबरेलीतून वारंवार निवडून आल्या
संदर्भित
जंबुदीपाचे शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू सशक्त आदिवासी
हरिजन म्हणून अनुसूचित जाती.
यामुळे तरुण संतापले
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू
जंबुदिपाचे सशक्त आदिवासी
अनुसूचित
या कार्यक्रमाला उपस्थित असलेल्या जाती महामायावती. पत्रकार म्हणून
भूपेश भंडारी यांनी डिसेंबर २०११ मध्ये बिझनेस स्टँडर्डमध्ये लिहिले:
“अगदी
त्या सुरुवातीच्या काळात तिला [हरिजन] हा शब्द सापडत असे
महात्मा गांधी, निंदनीय आणि त्यामुळे प्रचंड आक्षेपार्ह. ती वर चालली
स्टेजवर जाऊन राज नारायणला फाडले. काही महिन्यांनंतर, ए
थंड
हिवाळ्याच्या रात्री,
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू
जंबुदिपाचे सशक्त आदिवासी
अनुसूचित जाती महा मन्यावर कांशीराम [बीएसपीचे संस्थापक] यांनी तिला घरी भेट दिली.
द
बर्ली शीख [त्याचे कुटुंब सशक्त जागृत आदिवासींचे होते
अनुसूचित जाती जमाती पण त्यांनी शीख धर्म स्वीकारला होता
सशक्त जागृत आदिवासींच्या कारणासाठी लढण्यासाठी सरकारी नोकरी
अनुसूचित जाती जमाती.
त्याने तिला सांगितले की जर ती
त्याचा पाठलाग केला, एक दिवस ती आयएएस अधिकाऱ्यांना आदेश देणार होती. ते होते
एक भविष्यवाणी जी खरी होईल.
जंबुदीपाचे शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयाळू सशक्त आदिवासी
अनुसूचित
जाति महा मन्यावार कांशीराम यांनी 1984 मध्ये बसपची स्थापना केली
शाश्वत, गौरवपूर्ण, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, सी सशक्त मूळनिवासी
जंबुदीपा महामायावती त्यांच्या कोअर टीममधील सदस्य आहेत.
हे आहे
जंबुदीप हे नाव ग्रेटरच्या प्रदेशाचे वर्णन करण्यासाठी वापरले जाते
प्राचीन स्त्रोतांमधील प्रबुद्ध भारत. ही संज्ञा संकल्पनेवर आधारित आहे
द्वीपा, म्हणजे प्राचीन विश्वातील “बेट” किंवा “महाद्वीप”.
जंबुद्वीप हा शब्द अशोकाने आपल्या आदिवासी क्षेत्राचे प्रतिनिधित्व करण्यासाठी वापरला होता.
द
बौद्ध विश्वविज्ञान भूमंडला (पृथ्वीचे वर्तुळ) मध्ये विभाजित करते
तीन वेगळे स्तर: कामधातु (इच्छा क्षेत्र), रूपधातु (फॉर्म
क्षेत्र), आणि अर्प्यधातु (निराकार क्षेत्र). कामधातु मध्ये स्थित आहे
सुमेरू पर्वत चार बेट-खंडांनी वेढलेला आहे असे म्हटले जाते.
“द
दक्षिणेकडील बेटाला जंबुडीपा म्हणतात. च्या इतर तीन खंड
सुमेरूच्या आजूबाजूच्या बौद्ध खाती मानवांसाठी प्रवेशयोग्य नाहीत
जंबुदीपाचा आकार त्रिकोणासारखा असून दक्षिणेकडे झुकलेला बिंदू आहे, काहीसा भारतीय उपखंडासारखा. त्याच्या मध्यभागी ए
अवाढव्य जांबू वृक्ष ज्यावरून महाद्वीप त्याचे नाव घेते, ज्याचा अर्थ “जंबू” असा होतो
जंबुदीप, चार महादिपांपैकी एक, किंवा महान खंड, जो कक्कवलामध्ये समाविष्ट आहे आणि त्यावर चक्कवट्टीचे राज्य आहे.
ते सुमेरू पर्वताभोवती गटबद्ध केले आहेत. जंबुदीपामध्ये हिमवा आहे ज्याची चौरासी हजार शिखरे, तलाव, पर्वत रांगा इ.
या
महाद्वीपचे नाव जंबू-वृक्षावरून पडले (याला नागा देखील म्हणतात) जे
तेथे वाढते, त्याचे खोड पंधरा योजने परिघात होते, त्याचा विस्तार होतो
शाखांची लांबी पन्नास योजना आहे, त्याची सावली शंभर योजनांमध्ये आहे
विस्तार आणि त्याची उंची शंभर योजना
या कारणास्तव
झाड, जंबुदीपाला जंबुसंदा असेही म्हणतात .खंड दहा आहे
हजार योजना यापैकी दहा हजार, चार हजार आहेत
महासागराने झाकलेले, तीन हजार हिमालय पर्वतांनी, तर
तीन हजार पुरुषांची वस्ती आहे
जंबुदीप हा प्रदेश आहे
माणसं राहतात आणि ही एकमेव जागा आहे जिथे एखादी व्यक्ती जागृत होऊ शकते
माणूस म्हणून जन्माला आल्याने.
हे जंबुदीपामध्ये आहे
धम्माची देणगी घ्या आणि चार उदात्त सत्ये समजून घ्या,
नोबल आठपट मार्ग आणि शेवटी
जीवन आणि मृत्यूच्या चक्रातून मुक्तीची जाणीव करा.
दुसरा
संदर्भ बौद्ध ग्रंथ Mahavamsa पासून आहे, जेथे सम्राट
अशोकाचा मुलगा महिंदा श्रीलंकेच्या राजाची ओळख करून देतो
देवनमपियातिसा जंबुदीपापासून, आता काय आहे याचा संदर्भ देते
प्रबुद्ध भारतीय उपखंड. हे महायानातील क्षितीगर्भ सूत्रात आधारित आहे.
——————-2
भू-राजकीय अर्थाने जंबुदीप
द
जंबुदीप हा शब्द अशोकाने कदाचित तिसर्या भागात त्याच्या राज्याचे प्रतिनिधित्व करण्यासाठी वापरला आहे
शताब्दी बीसी, नंतरच्या शिलालेखांमध्ये समान शब्दावलीची पुनरावृत्ती होते
उदाहरणार्थ इसवी सनाच्या दहाव्या शतकातील म्हैसूरीयन शिलालेख जो या प्रदेशाचे वर्णन करतो,
बहुधा भारत, जंबुदीप म्हणून.
‘द
कुंतला देश (ज्यामध्ये म्हैसूरचा उत्तर-पश्चिम भाग आणि
बॉम्बे प्रेसिडेन्सीच्या दक्षिणेकडील भागांवर) यांचे राज्य होते
नव-नंदा,
गुप्त-कुल, मौर्य राजे; नंतर रट्ट्यांनी राज्य केले:
ज्यांच्या नंतर चालुक्य होते; नंतर कलचुर्य कुटुंब; आणि नंतर
ते (होयसाला) बल्लाळस.’ आणखी एक, कुबतूर येथे, स्पष्टपणे सांगतो की
भारत-क्षेत्राच्या दक्षिणेकडील नागा-खंडावर चंद्र गुप्ताने राज्य केले
जंबुदीपाचे:
अनेकांचा हा नगारा-खंडा सत्तरी आहे
शिलालेख, त्यांपैकी बंदनिक्के (शिमोगा येथील बंदालिके) असल्याचे दिसते
प्रमुख शहर होते.
आणि पुढे, खाली लक्षात घेण्याजोगा एक रेकॉर्ड सांगते की कदंब राजाच्या मुलींचे लग्न गुप्तांशी केले गेले होते.
म्हैसूरचा अहवाल
माउंट
मेरू (सुमेरू (संस्कृत) किंवा सिनेरू (पाली) किंवा कांग्रीनबोके)
बौद्ध विश्वशास्त्रातील मध्यवर्ती जागतिक पर्वताचे नाव.
व्युत्पत्तीशास्त्रानुसार, पर्वताचे योग्य नाव मेरू (पाली मेरू) आहे, ज्यामध्ये अनुमोदनात्मक उपसर्ग जोडला आहे,
परिणामी “उत्कृष्ट मेरू” किंवा “अद्भुत मेरू” असा अर्थ होतो.
सशक्त जंबुदीपा ब्रह्मांड
जंबुदीप
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) चार खंडांपैकी एक, जे येथे वसलेले आहे.
मेरू पर्वताच्या दक्षिणेस.) दक्षिणेस स्थित आहे आणि त्याचे निवासस्थान आहे
सामान्य मानव.
त्याचा आकार ट्रॅपेझॉइडल आहे किंवा कुऱ्हाडीच्या डोक्यासारखा आहे. हे मानवी जग आहे ज्यामध्ये आपण
हे “कार्ट सारखे” किंवा त्याऐवजी दक्षिणेकडे तोंड करून बिंदू असलेला बोथट नाक असलेला त्रिकोण असल्याचे म्हटले जाते.
(हे वर्णन कदाचित दक्षिणेकडील प्रबुद्ध भारताच्या किनारपट्टीच्या आकाराचे प्रतिध्वनी आहे.
कर्नाटक
भू-राजकीय अर्थाने जंबुद्वीपा
द
जंबुद्वीप हा शब्द अशोकाने कदाचित तिसर्या भागात त्याच्या राज्याचे प्रतिनिधित्व करण्यासाठी वापरला आहे
शताब्दी BC, नंतर त्याच शब्दावलीची पुनरावृत्ती होते
उदा. दहाव्या शतकातील म्हैसूरीयन शिलालेख
जे प्रदेशाचे वर्णन करते, बहुधा प्रबुद्ध भारत असे
जंबुद्वीपा.
कुंतला देश (ज्यामध्ये
म्हैसूरचे उत्तर-पश्चिम भाग आणि मुंबईचे दक्षिणेकडील भाग
अध्यक्षपद) नव-नंद, गुप्त-कुल, मौर्य राजांनी राज्य केले होते;
मग रट्टांनी त्यावर राज्य केले: चालुक्य कोणाच्या नंतर होते; त्या नंतर
कलचुर्य कुटुंब;
त्यांच्या नंतर (होयसला) बल्लाळ.
जंबुदीप)
ग्रेटर प्रबुद्धच्या प्रदेशाचे वर्णन करण्यासाठी वापरले जाणारे नाव आहे
प्राचीन भारतीय स्त्रोतांमध्ये भारत. च्या संकल्पनेवर ही संज्ञा आधारित आहे
द्वीप, प्राचीन प्रबुद्ध भारतीय मध्ये “बेट” किंवा “खंड” चा अर्थ आहे
ब्रह्मांड
जंबुद्वीप हा शब्द अशोकाने प्रतिनिधित्व करण्यासाठी वापरला होता
ख्रिस्तपूर्व तिसर्या शतकात त्याचे क्षेत्र. मध्ये हीच शब्दावली वापरली गेली
त्यानंतरचे ग्रंथ, उदाहरणार्थ दहावीपासूनचे कन्नड शिलालेख
CE शतक ज्याने या प्रदेशाचे वर्णन केले आहे, बहुधा प्राचीन प्रबुद्ध
जंबुदीप म्हणून भरत
अशोकाच्या सहस्राम मायनर रॉक एडिटमध्ये “प्रबुद्ध भारत” साठी प्राकृत नाव जंबुदिपासी, सुमारे 250 BCE (ब्राह्मी लिपी).
ते
10,000 योजना मर्यादेत आहे (विभज्यवाद परंपरा) किंवा परिमिती आहे
6,000 योजना (सर्वस्तिवाद परंपरा) ज्यात जोडता येईल
केवळ 3 1⁄2 योजना लांबीचा दक्षिणी किनारा.
खंड घेतो
त्याचे नाव एका विशाल जांबूच्या झाडावरून (सिझिजियम जिरे), 100 योजना उंच,
जे खंडाच्या मध्यभागी वाढते.
प्रत्येक खंडात या महाकाय वृक्षांपैकी एक आहे.
सर्व जागृत एक बुद्ध जंबुदीपामध्ये दिसतात
द
इथले लोक पाच ते सहा फूट उंच आहेत आणि त्यांची आयुष्याची लांबी बदलते
10 ते सत्तेच्या दरम्यान 140 वर्षे (असंक्य आयु) आणि 10 वर्षे.
“हा खंड k किमी जंबुवृक्ष जंबू वृक्षाने सुशोभित असल्याने याला ‘जंबूचा खंड’ किंवा जंबुदीप म्हणून ओळखले जाते.
जांबूचे झाड हे गुलाब-सफरचंदाचे झाड (युजेनिया जांबोलाना) असल्याचे मानले जाते.
अधिक अलीकडील शिष्यवृत्ती सूचित करते की हे विविध प्रकारचे मनुका असू शकते.
तथापि, पौराणिक कथा सांगते की फक्त एक जांबूचे झाड अस्तित्वात आहे, जे सामान्य व्यक्तींना दिसत नाही परंतु केवळ जागृत प्राण्यांना दिसते.
द
बौद्ध विश्वविज्ञान भूमंडला (पृथ्वीचे वर्तुळ) मध्ये विभाजित करते
तीन वेगळे स्तर: कामधातु (इच्छा क्षेत्र), रूपधातु (फॉर्म
क्षेत्र), आणि अर्प्यधातु (निराकार क्षेत्र). कामधातु मध्ये स्थित आहे
सुमेरू पर्वत चार बेट-खंडांनी वेढलेला आहे असे म्हटले जाते.
“द
दक्षिणेकडील बेटाला जंबुडीपा म्हणतात. च्या इतर तीन खंड
सुमेरूच्या आजूबाजूच्या बौद्ध खाती मानवांसाठी प्रवेशयोग्य नाहीत
जंबुदीप.
जंबुदीपाचा आकार त्रिकोणासारखा आहे ज्यामध्ये एक बिंदू आहे
दक्षिणेकडे तोंड करून, काहीसे भारतीय उपखंडासारखे.
त्याच्या मध्यभागी एक अवाढव्य जांबू वृक्ष आहे ज्यावरून महाद्वीप त्याचे नाव घेते, ज्याचा अर्थ “जंबू बेट” आहे.
जंबुदीप, चार महादीपांपैकी एक, किंवा महान खंड, ज्याचा समावेश कक्कवलामध्ये केला जातो आणि त्यावर राज्य केले जाते.
चाक्कवट्टी.
ते सुमेरू पर्वताभोवती गटबद्ध आहेत. जंबुदीपामध्ये हिमवा आहे
चौरासी हजार शिखरे, सरोवरे, पर्वतरांगा इ.
——-3
तथापि, पौराणिक कथा सांगते की फक्त एक जांबूचे झाड अस्तित्वात आहे, जे सामान्य व्यक्तींना दिसत नाही परंतु केवळ जागृत प्राण्यांना दिसते.
द
बौद्ध विश्वविज्ञान भूमंडला (पृथ्वीचे वर्तुळ) मध्ये विभाजित करते
तीन वेगळे स्तर: कामधातु (इच्छा क्षेत्र),
रूपधातु (फॉर्म
क्षेत्र), आणि अर्प्यधातु (निराकार क्षेत्र). कामधातु मध्ये स्थित आहे
सुमेरू पर्वत चार बेट-खंडांनी वेढलेला आहे असे म्हटले जाते.
“द
दक्षिणेकडील बेटाला जंबुडीपा म्हणतात. च्या इतर तीन खंड
सुमेरूच्या आजूबाजूच्या बौद्ध खाती मानवांसाठी प्रवेशयोग्य नाहीत
जंबुदीप.
जंबुदीपाचा आकार त्रिकोणासारखा आहे ज्यामध्ये एक बिंदू आहे
दक्षिणेकडे तोंड करून, काहीसे भारतीय उपखंडासारखे.
त्याच्या मध्यभागी एक अवाढव्य जांबू वृक्ष आहे ज्यावरून महाद्वीप त्याचे नाव घेते, ज्याचा अर्थ “जंबू बेट” आहे.
जंबुदीप, चार महादीपांपैकी एक, किंवा महान खंड, ज्याचा समावेश कक्कवलामध्ये केला जातो आणि त्यावर राज्य केले जाते.
चाक्कवट्टी.
ते सुमेरू पर्वताभोवती गटबद्ध आहेत. जंबुदीपामध्ये हिमवा आहे
चौरासी हजार शिखरे, सरोवरे, पर्वतरांगा इ.
तथापि, पौराणिक कथा सांगते की फक्त एक जांबूचे झाड अस्तित्वात आहे, जे सामान्य व्यक्तींना दिसत नाही परंतु केवळ जागृत प्राण्यांना दिसते.
द
बौद्ध विश्वविज्ञान भूमंडला (पृथ्वीचे वर्तुळ) मध्ये विभाजित करते
तीन वेगळे स्तर: कामधातु (इच्छा क्षेत्र), रूपधातु (फॉर्म
क्षेत्र), आणि अर्प्यधातु (निराकार क्षेत्र). कामधातु मध्ये स्थित आहे
सुमेरू पर्वत चार बेट-खंडांनी वेढलेला आहे असे म्हटले जाते.
“द
दक्षिणेकडील बेटाला जंबुडीपा म्हणतात. च्या इतर तीन खंड
सुमेरूच्या आजूबाजूच्या बौद्ध खाती मानवांसाठी प्रवेशयोग्य नाहीत
जंबुदीप.
जंबुदीपाचा आकार त्रिकोणासारखा आहे ज्यामध्ये एक बिंदू आहे
दक्षिणेकडे तोंड करून, काहीसे भारतीय उपखंडासारखे.
त्याच्या मध्यभागी एक अवाढव्य जांबू वृक्ष आहे ज्यावरून महाद्वीप त्याचे नाव घेते, ज्याचा अर्थ “जंबू बेट” आहे.
जंबुदीप, चार महादीपांपैकी एक, किंवा महान खंड, ज्याचा समावेश कक्कवलामध्ये केला जातो आणि त्यावर राज्य केले जाते.
चाक्कवट्टी.
ते सुमेरू पर्वताभोवती गटबद्ध आहेत. जंबुदीपामध्ये हिमवा आहे
चौर्यासी हजार शिखरे, सरोवरे, पर्वतरांगा,
या खंडाला त्याचे नाव जंबू-वृक्ष (ज्याला नागा असेही म्हणतात) पडले आहे, जे तेथे उगवते, त्याचे खोड पंधरा योजने परिघात आहे,
त्याचे
पन्नास योजना लांबीच्या फांद्या पसरवणाऱ्या, त्याची सावली एक
शंभर योजनांची व्याप्ती आणि त्याची उंची शंभर योजना (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
या झाडामुळे जंबुदीपाला जंबुसंदा (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121) असेही म्हणतात.
द
खंड दहा हजार योजनांचा आहे; या दहा हजारांपैकी चार
हजार समुद्राने व्यापलेले आहेत, तीन हजार समुद्राने व्यापलेले आहेत
हिमालय
पर्वत, तर तीन हजार पुरुषांची वस्ती जंबुदीप आहे
ज्या प्रदेशात मानव राहतात आणि हे एकमेव ठिकाण आहे जिथे एखादी व्यक्ती असू शकते
माणूस म्हणून जन्म घेऊन ज्ञानी व्हा.
हे महायानातील क्षितीगर्भ सूत्रात आधारित आहे.
जंबुदीप भू-राजकीय अर्थाने जंबुदीप हा शब्द अशोकाने कदाचित ख्रिस्तपूर्व तिसर्या शतकात त्याच्या राज्याचे प्रतिनिधित्व करण्यासाठी वापरला आहे.
नंतरच्या शिलालेखांमध्ये त्याच शब्दावलीची पुनरावृत्ती केली जाते
मैसूरियन
दहाव्या शतकातील शिलालेख ज्याचे वर्णन देखील आहे
प्रदेश, बहुधा भारत, जंबुदीपा म्हणून. कुंतला देश (ज्यात समाविष्ट आहे
म्हैसूरचे उत्तर-पश्चिम भाग आणि मुंबईचे दक्षिणेकडील भाग
अध्यक्षपद) नव-नंद, गुप्त-कुल, मौर्य राजांनी राज्य केले होते.
नंतर रट्टांनी राज्य केले : ज्यांच्या नंतर चालुक्य होते; त्या नंतर
कलाचुर्य
कुटुंब; आणि त्यांच्या नंतर (होयसाला) बल्लाळ.’’ दुसरे, कुबतूर येथे,
चंद्र गुप्ताने दक्षिणेकडील नागाखंडावर राज्य केले असे स्पष्टपणे नमूद केले आहे
जंबुदीपाच्या भरतक्षेत्रातील :
हा नगारा-खंडा आहे
अशा अनेक शिलालेखांपैकी सत्तर शिलालेख, त्यापैकी बंदनिक्के(बंदलिके मध्ये
शिमोगा) हे प्रमुख शहर असल्याचे दिसते. आणि फुइदर हा एक विक्रम आहे
खाली लक्षात आले की कदंब राजाच्या कन्या देण्यात आल्या होत्या
गुप्तांशी विवाह. म्हैसूरचा वार्षिक अहवाल
व्युत्पत्तिशास्त्रानुसार, द
पर्वताचे योग्य नाव मेरू (पाली मेरू) आहे, ज्याला जोडले आहे
अनुमोदक उपसर्ग su-, परिणामी अर्थ “उत्कृष्ट मेरु” किंवा
“अद्भुत मेरू”.
——४
द
बौद्ध विश्वविज्ञान भूमंडला (पृथ्वीचे वर्तुळ) मध्ये विभाजित करते
तीन वेगळे स्तर: कामधातु (इच्छा क्षेत्र), रूपधातु (फॉर्म
क्षेत्र), आणि अर्प्यधातु (निराकार क्षेत्र).
कामधातु मध्ये स्थित आहे.
सुमेरू पर्वत चार बेट-खंडांनी वेढलेला आहे असे म्हटले जाते.
“द
दक्षिणेकडील बेटाला जंबुडीपा म्हणतात. च्या इतर तीन खंड
सुमेरूच्या आजूबाजूच्या बौद्ध खाती मानवांसाठी प्रवेशयोग्य नाहीत
जंबुदीप. जंबुदीपाचा आकार त्रिकोणासारखा आहे ज्यामध्ये एक बिंदू आहे
दक्षिणेकडे तोंड करून, काहीसे प्रबुद्ध भारतीय उपखंडासारखे.
त्याच्या मध्यभागी एक अवाढव्य जांबू वृक्ष आहे ज्यावरून महाद्वीप त्याचे नाव घेते, ज्याचा अर्थ “जंबू बेट” आहे.
जंबुदीपा,
चार महादीपांपैकी एक, किंवा महान खंड, ज्यामध्ये समाविष्ट आहे
Cakkavāla आणि Cakkavatti द्वारे राज्य केले जाते. ते गटबद्ध फेरीत आहेत
सुमेरू पर्वत.
जंबुदीपामध्ये हिमवा आहे ज्याची चौरासी हजार शिखरे, तलाव, पर्वत रांगा इ.
या
महाद्वीपचे नाव जंबू-वृक्षावरून पडले (याला नागा देखील म्हणतात) जे
तेथे वाढते, त्याचे खोड पंधरा योजने परिघात होते, त्याचा विस्तार होतो
शाखांची लांबी पन्नास योजना,
तिची सावली शंभर योजना व्याप्ती आणि त्याची उंची शंभर योजना (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, इ.)
या झाडामुळे जंबुदीपाला जंबुसंदा (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121) असेही म्हणतात.
द
खंड दहा हजार योजनांचा आहे; या दहा हजारांपैकी,
चार हजार समुद्राने, तीन हजार हिमालयाने व्यापलेले आहेत
पर्वत, तर तीन हजार पुरुषांची वस्ती आहे (SNA.ii.437;
UdA.300).
जंबुद्वीप हा असा प्रदेश आहे जिथे मानव राहतो आणि आहे
एकच जागा जिथे एखादे प्राणी म्हणून जन्म घेऊन ज्ञानी होऊ शकते
मनुष्य
जंबुद्वीपामध्येच एखाद्याला दान मिळू शकते
धर्म आणि चार उदात्त सत्ये समजून घ्या
आठपट मार्ग आणि अखेरीस च्या चक्रातून मुक्तीची जाणीव होते
जीवन आणि मृत्यू.
दुसरा संदर्भ बौद्ध ग्रंथातील आहे
महावंश, जिथे सम्राट अशोकाचा मुलगा महिंदा स्वतःची ओळख करून देतो
श्रीलंकेचा राजा देवनाम्पियातिसा जंबुद्वीपाचा संदर्भ देत आहे
आता भारतीय उपखंड काय आहे. हे कृतिगर्भावर आधारित आहे
महायानातील सूत्र.
एका सर्वेक्षणानुसार, जर भारतातील जैन ०.३% वरून ३% वर गेले तर आपण अमेरिका आणि चीनला मागे टाकू.
चला तर मग काही तथ्यांबद्दल बोलूया:
● राष्ट्रीय सरासरी साक्षरता दर 65%, जैन सरासरी साक्षरता दर 94%.
● महिला राष्ट्रीय सरासरी साक्षरता दर 54%, जैन महिला सरासरी साक्षरता दर 91%.
● एकूण CA पैकी 50% जैन आहेत.
● फोर्ब्सनुसार, जैन हे भारत आणि बेल्जियममधील सर्वात श्रीमंत लोक आहेत.
● जैन भारतीय लोकसंख्येच्या 0.3% आहेत परंतु 24% प्राप्तिकर भरतात. [२००९ मध्ये जैनांनी ४२% प्राप्तिकर भरला आहे]
● राष्ट्रीय विकासात जैनांचे २५% योगदान आहे.
● जगातील 65% हिरे आणि सोन्याचा व्यवसाय जैन करतात.
● ६२% दानधर्म जैन करतात.
● 46% स्टॉक ब्रोकर जैन आहेत.
● 33% विमान उद्योग जैनांचे नियंत्रण आहे.
● 20% फार्मास्युटिकल्स आणि टेक्सटाइल्सवर जैनांचे नियंत्रण आहे.
● जैन लोकांची आयुर्मान सर्वाधिक 71 वर्षे आहे.
● 16,000 गोशाळांपैकी 9,600 जैनांकडून चालवल्या जातात.
● अल्बर आइन्स्टाईन एकदा म्हणाले होते की मला माहित नाही की पुनर्जन्म आहे की नाही पण जर झाला तर मला जैन व्हायचे आहे.
●
जागतिक पर्यावरण समितीच्या वार्षिक शिखर परिषदेनुसार, जर्मनी मध्ये
2010 “आपल्याला जर पृथ्वीला ग्लोबल वार्मिंगपासून वाचवायचे असेल तर आपल्याला त्याचे पालन करावे लागेल
जैन यांची जीवनशैली आणि तत्त्वे.
● इतरांसारखे कोणतेही अल्पसंख्याक कार्ड कधीही खेळू नका.
●
जैनांना व्यवसाय कसा करायचा हे शिकवले जात नाही, ते आपल्या जनुकांमध्ये आहे. [तुम्ही नाही
सिंहाच्या मुलाला शिकार कशी करायची हे शिकवा आणि त्याच प्रकारे अ
जैन यांना व्यवसाय कसा करायचा हे देखील शिकवले जात नाही.
● जैन हे नोकरी शोधणारे नाहीत, आम्ही नोकरी देणारे आहोत.
●
वकील, डॉक्टर इतरांच्या दुःखावर जगतात तर सीए जगतात
इतरांची वाढ किंवा आनंद. [अशा प्रकारे आम्ही व्यवसाय निवडतो].
● आम्हाला कुत्रे आवडत नाहीत आणि मग आम्ही डास मारतो.
● इतर हे शाकाहारी- आहारतज्ज्ञ- मनावर नियंत्रण- मुखवटे घालत आहेत. जैन हे शतकानुशतके करत आहेत.
● आमचा जगा आणि जगू द्या यावर विश्वास आहे. [मुकेश अंबामी म्हणतात जिओ आम्ही म्हणतो जिओ आणि जीने करा]
● आमचा ‘मी’ वर विश्वास नाही. आमचा ‘यूएस’वर विश्वास आहे.
● सर्वात मोठी भांडणे होतात कारण तुम्ही चुकीचे आहात आणि मी बरोबर आहे. जैन म्हणतात तुम्ही बरोबर आहात आणि मी पण बरोबर आहे. (ऐकमेकाबद्दल असलेला आदर).
मग जैन इतके श्रीमंत आणि महान का आहेत ???
कारणे -
● जैन डायनामाईट आहेत परजीवी नाहीत
● उत्तराधिकार नियोजन
● सर्वोच्च ज्ञान (कैवल्य ज्ञान)
● “अहिंसा व्रत” चे व्रत (मानसिक, तोंडी किंवा शारीरिक दृष्ट्या हिमसा नाही.)
● जीवन दया (जीव दया)
● जागरूक भांडवलशाही (करू नका - पक्ष, राजकारण, आनंद, क्लबिंग, अभिनय)
(आम्ही प्रार्थना, ध्यान, अध्यात्म, क्षमा करतो).
● समुदाय हे कुटुंब आहे.
● अखंडतेवर खूप उच्च
● अनिकांतवाद (परस्पर आदर)
● चतुर्विध दान (अन्न, औषध, संरक्षण, ज्ञान यांचा 4 पट दान).
————–५
This is for BODY
Wise,Intelligent people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
UNIVERSE grows vegetables🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🧅 🍄 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵🍈 & Fruits🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌🍎🍉🍒🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱in pots 🪴
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
Tastes the same for all including haters to live like free birds 🦅 to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.After getting up at 3:45 AM
take bath & do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling &
exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA Maha Mayawati ji said she will bring back Ashokan
rule Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda which grows Jambu-tree
derives its name from the (Naga) which grows there to represent his
realm in 3rd century BC
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Caste leader and former Uttar Pradesh chief minister
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha Mayawati said that rival parties are using all tricks to stop BSP from coming to power.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati also raised concerns over the use of Electronic Voting
Machines. “Since 1984, ballot paper use, the vote percentage not
decreased.
With the use of EVM, the party voting percentage has gone
down. In various countries the EVM had been withdrawn and ballot papers
is being used. It’s the work of the EVM that BSP vote has decreased. I
have urged the Election Commission to use ballot paper,” she said
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati said that her BSP won’t forge an alliance with any party for
the upcoming state elections or the 2024 national polls.
“The BSP
will not form alliance with any party in the Rajasthan,Chhattisgarh and
Karnataka assembly election as well as the 2024 Lok Sabha election,”
she said.
She also launched a fresh attack against the Foreigners
kicked out from Bene Israel, Tibet, Africa, Western Europe, Eastern
Germeny, South Russia, Eastern Europe,Hungary chitpavan brahmin
Rowdy
Swayam Sevaks number one terrorists practicing hatred, anger, jealousy,
delusion, stupidity which are defilement of the mind requiring mental
treatment at mental asylums for the saffron party
“Due to wrong
policies of the BJP government the people are facing natural disaster,”
she further said in an apparent reference to the sinking of the
Joshimath town in Uttarakhand.
“The central agencies have been politicized,” the
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
leader said.
She
also targeted the Congress and SP: “The reservation for the OBC, SC/ST
is not being implemented by the BJP government. The Congress and
Samajwadi Party has also cheated the OBC, SC and ST community.”
Mayawati celebrates 67th birthday, optimistic for 2024
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati, the head of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) and
four-time chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, was born on 15 January 1956
in Delhi in a
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste family.
Besides
being among the most important political leaders of Uttar Pradesh, she
is a Empowered Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste icon and her clout
extends far beyond the boundaries of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Aboriginal Scheduled Caste Prabuddha Bharat’s most populous state.
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
——–1
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati had a simple childhood, and her father, Prabhu Das,
was employed with the post office.
She secured her bachelor’s degree in
arts from Kalindi Women’s College, and a law degree from Campus Law
Centre, Delhi University.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati had a simple childhood, and her father, Prabhu Das,
was employed with the post office. ENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste
organised by the Janata Party’s Raj Narain, who had defeated
Indira Gandhi in the Lok Sabha polls from Rae Bareilly, repeatedly
referred to
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Castes as Harijans.
This angered the young
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati, who was present at the event. As the journalist
Bhupesh Bhandari wrote in the Business Standard in December 2011:
“Even
in those early days she used to find the term [Harijan], coined by
Mahatma Gandhi, condescending and thus hugely offensive. She walked up
to the stage and tore into Raj Narain. A couple of months later, on a
cold
winter night,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Caste Maha Manyawar Kanshi Ram [founder of the BSP] visited her at home.
The
burly Sikh [his family belonged to a Empowered Awakened Aboriginal
Scheduled Caste community but had converted to Sikhism] had quit his
government job to fight the cause of the Empowered Awakened Aboriginal
Scheduled Caste community.
He reportedly told her that if she
followed him, one day she would be giving orders to IAS officers. It was
a prediction that would come true.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Manyawar Kanshi Ram founded the BSP in 1984,he made
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,C Empowered Aboriginal of
JAMBUDIPA Maha Mayawati a member of his core team.
This is
Jambudīpa a name often used to describe the territory of Greater
Prabuddha BHARAT in Ancient sources.The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent his Aboriginal realm.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent. In its center is a
gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru.In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks,its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one hundred yojanas in
extent and its height one hundred yojanas
on account of this
tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda .The continent is ten
thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four thousand are
covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya mountains, while
three thousand are inhabited by men
Jambudīpa is the region where
the humans live and is the only place where a being may become awakened
by being born as a human being.
It is in Jambudīpa that one may
receive the gift of Dhamma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths,
the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately
realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another
reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor
Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the Sri Lankan king
Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudīpa, referring to what is now the
Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
——————-2
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense
The
term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions
for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region,
presumably India, as Jambudīpa.
‘the
Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore and
the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency) was ruled by the
nava-Nanda,
Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings ;then the Rattas ruled it :
after whom were the Chalukyas; then the Kalachuryya family; and after
them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’Another, at Kubatur,expressly states that
Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south of the Bharata-kshetra
of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many
inscriptions, of which Bandanikke (Bandalike in Shimoga) seems to have
been the chief town.
And further,a record to be noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas.
Report Of Mysore
Mount
Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit) or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the
name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-,
resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or “wonderful Meru”.
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
Jambudīpa
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) one of the four continents, which is situated to the
south of Mount Meru.) is is located in the south and is the dwelling of
ordinary human beings.
Its shape is trapezoidal or resembling the shape of an axe-head. It is the human world in which we
It is said to be shaped “like a cart”, or rather a blunt-nosed triangle with the point facing south.
(This description probably echoes the shape of the coastline of southern Prabuddha Bharat.
Karnataka
Jambudvipa in geopolitical sense
The
term Jambudvipa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent
inscriptions for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD
which also describes the region, presumably Prabuddha Bharat as
Jambudvipa.
‘ the Kuntala country (which included the
north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda, Gupta-kula, Mauryya kings ;
then the Rattas ruled it : after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya family;
After them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.
Jambudīpa)
is a name often used to describe the territory of Greater Prabuddha
Bharat in Ancient Indian sources. The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient Prabuddha Bharatian
cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent
his realm in the third century BCE.The same terminology was used in
subsequent texts, for instance Kannada inscriptions from the tenth
century CE which also described the region, presumably Ancient Prabuddha
Bharat,as Jambudipa
The Prakrit name Jambudīpasi for “Prabuddha Bharat ” in the Sahasram Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka, circa 250 BCE (Brahmi script).
It
is 10,000 yojanas in extent (Vibhajyavāda tradition) or has a perimeter
of 6,000 yojanas (Sarvāstivāda tradition) to which can be added the
southern coast of only 3 1⁄2 yojanas’ length.
The continent takes
its name from a giant Jambu tree (Syzygium cumini), 100 yojanas tall,
which grows in the middle of the continent.
Every continent has one of these giant trees.
All Awakened One Buddhas appear in Jambudīpa
The
people here are five to six feet tall and their length of life varies
between 10 to power 140 years (Asankya Aayu) and 10 years.
“Since this continent is adorned by a k km Jambubriksha jambu tree, it is known as the ‘Continent of Jambu’, or Jambudīpa.
The jambu tree is presumed by some to be the rose-apple tree (Eugenia jambolana).
More recent scholarship suggests that it may be a variety of plum.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
——-3
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm),
Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges,
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth,
its
outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one
hundredyojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four
thousand are covered by the ocean,three thousand by the
Himālaya
mountains,while three thousand are inhabited by men Jambudīpa is the
region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may
become enlightened by being born as a human being.
This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense The term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd century BC,
same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions for instance
Mysorean
inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the
region,presumably India,as Jambudīpa.the Kuntala country (which included
the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda,Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings
then the Rattas ruled it :after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya
family; and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’’ Another, at Kubatur,
expressly states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south
of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda
Seventy of so many inscriptions,of which Bandanikke(Bandalike in
Shimoga)seems to have been the chief town.And fuidher, a record to be
noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in
marriage to the Guptas. Annual Report Of Mysore
Etymologically, the
proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the
approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or
“wonderful Meru”.
——4
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels:Kāmadhātu (Desire realm),Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),& Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm).In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa. Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa,
one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in
the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti. They are grouped round
Mount Sumeru.
In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length,
its shade one hundred yojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, etc.)
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,
four thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya
mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men (SNA.ii.437;
UdA.300).
Jambudvīpa is the region where the humans live and is
the only place where a being may become enlightened by being born as a
human being.
It is in Jambudvīpa that one may receive the gift of
Dharma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble
Eightfold Path and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of
life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text
Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to
the Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudvipa, referring to
what is now the Indian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha
Sūtra in the Mahayana.
According to a Survey, If Jains in India Go from 0.3% to 3% then we will overtake America & China.
So let’s us talk about some FACTS :
● National Avg Literacy Rate 65%, Jains Avg Literacy Rate 94%.
● Female National Avg Literacy Rate 54%, Jains Female Avg Literacy Rate 91%.
● 50% of the Total CAs are Jains.
● According to Forbes, Jains are the Wealthiest People of India & Belgium.
● Jains are 0.3% of the Indian Population but pay 24% of Income Tax. [In 2009 Jains have paid even 42% of Income Tax]
● Jains Contribute 25% towards National Development.
● 65% of Diamond & Gold business in the World are done by Jains.
● 62% Charity is done by Jains.
● 46% Stock brokers are Jains.
● 33% of the Airline Industry is controlled by Jains.
● 20% of the Pharmaceuticals & Textiles are controlled by Jains.
● Jains have the Highest Life Expectancy of 71 age.
● Out of 16,000 Gaushalas 9,600 are run by Jains.
● Alber Einstein once said that I don’t know Whether there is reincarnation or not but if it happens then I want to be a Jain.
●
According to Annual Summit of World Environment Committee, Germany in
2010 “If We have to Save the Earth from Global Warming We have to Follow
Jain’s Lifestyle & Principles.”
● Never plays any Minority Card like others.
●
Jains are not taught how to do business, it is in our genes. [You don’t
teach the child of a Lion how to hunt and in the same way Child of a
Jain is also not taught how to do a Business].
● Jains are not Job Seekers, we are Job Givers.
●
Lawyers, Doctors live on the sadness of others whereas CAs live on the
Growth or Happiness of others. [That’s how we choose business].
● We don’t love dogs and then kill mosquitoes.
● Others are doing this Vegan- Dietician- Mind Control - Wearing Masks. Jains have been doing these for Centuries.
● We believe in Live & Let Live. [Mukesh Ambami Says Jio we say Jio & Jene do]
● We don’t believe in ‘I’. We believe in ‘US’.
● Biggest Fights happen because of You are wrong and I’m Right. Jains say you are Right & I’m also Right. (Mutual Respect).
So Why are Jains so Rich & Great ???
Reasons -
● Jains are Dynamites Not Parasites
● Succession Planning
● Supreme Wisdom (Kaivalya Gyan)
● Vow OF “AHIMSA Vrat” (No Himsa whether Mentally, Orally or Physically.)
● Life Kindness (Jiv Daya)
● Conscious Capitalism (Don’t do - Parties, Politics, Enjoyment, Clubbing, Acting)
(We do Prayer, Meditation, Spirituality, Forgiveness).
● Community is Family.
● Very High on Integrity
● Anekantavada (Mutual Respect)
● Chaturvidha Dana (4-fold charity of Food, Medicine, Protection, Knowledge).
————–5
Languages of Rajasthan
Rajasthani (Devanagari: राजस्थानी
)Indo-Aryan languages,Gujarati and Sindhi, Marwari
Languages of Chhattisgarh
Eastern Hindi Munda and Dravidian languages
1) Kedri (Central) Chhattisgarhi
2) Utti (Eastern) Chhattisgarhi
3) Budati / Khaltahi (Western) Chhattisgarhi
Languages of Karnataka
Kannada,Urdu,Telugu,Marath, Tamil,Malayalam,Tulu,Hindi,English
4) Bhandar (Northern) Chhattisgarhi
5) Rakshahun (Southern) Chhattisgarhi
Lessons 4683 Thu 19 Jan 2023
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
quantum universe GIF
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
This is for BODY
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
grows vegetables 🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🧅 🍄 🥗 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵 🍈 &
Fruits 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱in pots 🪴 which tastes the same for all including haters to live
like free birds 🦅 to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.
After
getting up at 3:45 AM take bath🧼 and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic
Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
34) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE English,Roman,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
This is for BODY
Wise,Intelligent people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
UNIVERSE grows vegetables🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🧅 🍄 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵🍈 & Fruits🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌🍎🍉🍒🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱in pots 🪴
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
Tastes the same for all including haters to live like free birds 🦅 to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.After getting up at 3:45 AM
take bath & do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling &
exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA Maha Mayawati ji said she will bring back Ashokan
rule Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda which grows Jambu-tree
derives its name from the (Naga) which grows there to represent his
realm in 3rd century BC
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Caste leader and former Uttar Pradesh chief minister
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha Mayawati said that rival parties are using all tricks to stop BSP from coming to power.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati also raised concerns over the use of Electronic Voting
Machines. “Since 1984, ballot paper use, the vote percentage not
decreased.
With the use of EVM, the party voting percentage has gone
down. In various countries the EVM had been withdrawn and ballot papers
is being used. It’s the work of the EVM that BSP vote has decreased. I
have urged the Election Commission to use ballot paper,” she said
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati said that her BSP won’t forge an alliance with any party for
the upcoming state elections or the 2024 national polls.
“The BSP
will not form alliance with any party in the Rajasthan,Chhattisgarh and
Karnataka assembly election as well as the 2024 Lok Sabha election,”
she said.
She also launched a fresh attack against the Foreigners
kicked out from Bene Israel, Tibet, Africa, Western Europe, Eastern
Germeny, South Russia, Eastern Europe,Hungary chitpavan brahmin
Rowdy
Swayam Sevaks number one terrorists practicing hatred, anger, jealousy,
delusion, stupidity which are defilement of the mind requiring mental
treatment at mental asylums for the saffron party
“Due to wrong
policies of the BJP government the people are facing natural disaster,”
she further said in an apparent reference to the sinking of the
Joshimath town in Uttarakhand.
“The central agencies have been politicized,” the
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
leader said.
She
also targeted the Congress and SP: “The reservation for the OBC, SC/ST
is not being implemented by the BJP government. The Congress and
Samajwadi Party has also cheated the OBC, SC and ST community.”
Mayawati celebrates 67th birthday, optimistic for 2024
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati, the head of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) and
four-time chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, was born on 15 January 1956
in Delhi in a
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste family.
Besides
being among the most important political leaders of Uttar Pradesh, she
is a Empowered Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste icon and her clout
extends far beyond the boundaries of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Aboriginal Scheduled Caste Prabuddha Bharat’s most populous state.
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
——–1
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati had a simple childhood, and her father, Prabhu Das,
was employed with the post office.
She secured her bachelor’s degree in
arts from Kalindi Women’s College, and a law degree from Campus Law
Centre, Delhi University.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati had a simple childhood, and her father, Prabhu Das,
was employed with the post office. ENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste
organised by the Janata Party’s Raj Narain, who had defeated
Indira Gandhi in the Lok Sabha polls from Rae Bareilly, repeatedly
referred to
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Castes as Harijans.
This angered the young
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati, who was present at the event. As the journalist
Bhupesh Bhandari wrote in the Business Standard in December 2011:
“Even
in those early days she used to find the term [Harijan], coined by
Mahatma Gandhi, condescending and thus hugely offensive. She walked up
to the stage and tore into Raj Narain. A couple of months later, on a
cold
winter night,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Caste Maha Manyawar Kanshi Ram [founder of the BSP] visited her at home.
The
burly Sikh [his family belonged to a Empowered Awakened Aboriginal
Scheduled Caste community but had converted to Sikhism] had quit his
government job to fight the cause of the Empowered Awakened Aboriginal
Scheduled Caste community.
He reportedly told her that if she
followed him, one day she would be giving orders to IAS officers. It was
a prediction that would come true.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Manyawar Kanshi Ram founded the BSP in 1984,he made
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,C Empowered Aboriginal of
JAMBUDIPA Maha Mayawati a member of his core team.
This is
Jambudīpa a name often used to describe the territory of Greater
Prabuddha BHARAT in Ancient sources.The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent his Aboriginal realm.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent. In its center is a
gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru.In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks,its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one hundred yojanas in
extent and its height one hundred yojanas
on account of this
tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda .The continent is ten
thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four thousand are
covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya mountains, while
three thousand are inhabited by men
Jambudīpa is the region where
the humans live and is the only place where a being may become awakened
by being born as a human being.
It is in Jambudīpa that one may
receive the gift of Dhamma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths,
the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately
realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another
reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor
Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the Sri Lankan king
Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudīpa, referring to what is now the
Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
——————-2
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense
The
term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions
for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region,
presumably India, as Jambudīpa.
‘the
Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore and
the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency) was ruled by the
nava-Nanda,
Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings ;then the Rattas ruled it :
after whom were the Chalukyas; then the Kalachuryya family; and after
them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’Another, at Kubatur,expressly states that
Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south of the Bharata-kshetra
of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many
inscriptions, of which Bandanikke (Bandalike in Shimoga) seems to have
been the chief town.
And further,a record to be noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas.
Report Of Mysore
Mount
Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit) or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the
name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-,
resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or “wonderful Meru”.
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
Jambudīpa
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) one of the four continents, which is situated to the
south of Mount Meru.) is is located in the south and is the dwelling of
ordinary human beings.
Its shape is trapezoidal or resembling the shape of an axe-head. It is the human world in which we
It is said to be shaped “like a cart”, or rather a blunt-nosed triangle with the point facing south.
(This description probably echoes the shape of the coastline of southern Prabuddha Bharat.
Karnataka
Jambudvipa in geopolitical sense
The
term Jambudvipa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent
inscriptions for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD
which also describes the region, presumably Prabuddha Bharat as
Jambudvipa.
‘ the Kuntala country (which included the
north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda, Gupta-kula, Mauryya kings ;
then the Rattas ruled it : after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya family;
After them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.
Jambudīpa)
is a name often used to describe the territory of Greater Prabuddha
Bharat in Ancient Indian sources. The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient Prabuddha Bharatian
cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent
his realm in the third century BCE.The same terminology was used in
subsequent texts, for instance Kannada inscriptions from the tenth
century CE which also described the region, presumably Ancient Prabuddha
Bharat,as Jambudipa
The Prakrit name Jambudīpasi for “Prabuddha Bharat ” in the Sahasram Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka, circa 250 BCE (Brahmi script).
It
is 10,000 yojanas in extent (Vibhajyavāda tradition) or has a perimeter
of 6,000 yojanas (Sarvāstivāda tradition) to which can be added the
southern coast of only 3 1⁄2 yojanas’ length.
The continent takes
its name from a giant Jambu tree (Syzygium cumini), 100 yojanas tall,
which grows in the middle of the continent.
Every continent has one of these giant trees.
All Awakened One Buddhas appear in Jambudīpa
The
people here are five to six feet tall and their length of life varies
between 10 to power 140 years (Asankya Aayu) and 10 years.
“Since this continent is adorned by a k km Jambubriksha jambu tree, it is known as the ‘Continent of Jambu’, or Jambudīpa.
The jambu tree is presumed by some to be the rose-apple tree (Eugenia jambolana).
More recent scholarship suggests that it may be a variety of plum.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
——-3
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm),
Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges,
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth,
its
outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one
hundredyojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four
thousand are covered by the ocean,three thousand by the
Himālaya
mountains,while three thousand are inhabited by men Jambudīpa is the
region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may
become enlightened by being born as a human being.
This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense The term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd century BC,
same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions for instance
Mysorean
inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the
region,presumably India,as Jambudīpa.the Kuntala country (which included
the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda,Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings
then the Rattas ruled it :after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya
family; and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’’ Another, at Kubatur,
expressly states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south
of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda
Seventy of so many inscriptions,of which Bandanikke(Bandalike in
Shimoga)seems to have been the chief town.And fuidher, a record to be
noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in
marriage to the Guptas. Annual Report Of Mysore
Etymologically, the
proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the
approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or
“wonderful Meru”.
——4
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels:Kāmadhātu (Desire realm),Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),& Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm).In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa. Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa,
one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in
the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti. They are grouped round
Mount Sumeru.
In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length,
its shade one hundred yojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, etc.)
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,
four thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya
mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men (SNA.ii.437;
UdA.300).
Jambudvīpa is the region where the humans live and is
the only place where a being may become enlightened by being born as a
human being.
It is in Jambudvīpa that one may receive the gift of
Dharma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble
Eightfold Path and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of
life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text
Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to
the Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudvipa, referring to
what is now the Indian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha
Sūtra in the Mahayana.
According to a Survey, If Jains in India Go from 0.3% to 3% then we will overtake America & China.
So let’s us talk about some FACTS :
● National Avg Literacy Rate 65%, Jains Avg Literacy Rate 94%.
● Female National Avg Literacy Rate 54%, Jains Female Avg Literacy Rate 91%.
● 50% of the Total CAs are Jains.
● According to Forbes, Jains are the Wealthiest People of India & Belgium.
● Jains are 0.3% of the Indian Population but pay 24% of Income Tax. [In 2009 Jains have paid even 42% of Income Tax]
● Jains Contribute 25% towards National Development.
● 65% of Diamond & Gold business in the World are done by Jains.
● 62% Charity is done by Jains.
● 46% Stock brokers are Jains.
● 33% of the Airline Industry is controlled by Jains.
● 20% of the Pharmaceuticals & Textiles are controlled by Jains.
● Jains have the Highest Life Expectancy of 71 age.
● Out of 16,000 Gaushalas 9,600 are run by Jains.
● Alber Einstein once said that I don’t know Whether there is reincarnation or not but if it happens then I want to be a Jain.
●
According to Annual Summit of World Environment Committee, Germany in
2010 “If We have to Save the Earth from Global Warming We have to Follow
Jain’s Lifestyle & Principles.”
● Never plays any Minority Card like others.
●
Jains are not taught how to do business, it is in our genes. [You don’t
teach the child of a Lion how to hunt and in the same way Child of a
Jain is also not taught how to do a Business].
● Jains are not Job Seekers, we are Job Givers.
●
Lawyers, Doctors live on the sadness of others whereas CAs live on the
Growth or Happiness of others. [That’s how we choose business].
● We don’t love dogs and then kill mosquitoes.
● Others are doing this Vegan- Dietician- Mind Control - Wearing Masks. Jains have been doing these for Centuries.
● We believe in Live & Let Live. [Mukesh Ambami Says Jio we say Jio & Jene do]
● We don’t believe in ‘I’. We believe in ‘US’.
● Biggest Fights happen because of You are wrong and I’m Right. Jains say you are Right & I’m also Right. (Mutual Respect).
So Why are Jains so Rich & Great ???
Reasons -
● Jains are Dynamites Not Parasites
● Succession Planning
● Supreme Wisdom (Kaivalya Gyan)
● Vow OF “AHIMSA Vrat” (No Himsa whether Mentally, Orally or Physically.)
● Life Kindness (Jiv Daya)
● Conscious Capitalism (Don’t do - Parties, Politics, Enjoyment, Clubbing, Acting)
(We do Prayer, Meditation, Spirituality, Forgiveness).
● Community is Family.
● Very High on Integrity
● Anekantavada (Mutual Respect)
● Chaturvidha Dana (4-fold charity of Food, Medicine, Protection, Knowledge).
————–5
நீல யானை மாயாவதியின் கதை | Kadhaigalin Kadhai Classics 15-01-2023
நீல யானை மாயாவதியின் கதை | Kadhaigalin Kadhai Classics 15-01-2023
By News7 Tamil PRIME
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, நற்குணமுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஜம்புதீபா பிரபஞ்சம்
இப்போது உங்களிடம் உள்ள அனைத்தும்
நல்லதைச் செய்யுங்கள் மனதைத் தூய்மைப்படுத்துங்கள்
இது உடலுக்கானது
உலகில் உள்ள அனைத்து முக்கிய மதங்களின் புத்திசாலி, புத்திசாலி மக்கள்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, நற்குணமுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஜம்புதீபா
யுனிவர்ஸ் காய்கறிகளை வளர்க்கிறது 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🧅 🍄 🥒🌽 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵🍈 🌵🍈 🍊 🍊 🥑 🍌🍎🍉🍒🍑 🥝 🥝 🌱 🌱in பானைகள்
இது MINDக்கானது
நாங்கள் உள்ளே இருந்தோம்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, நற்குணமுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஜம்புதீபா
நாங்கள் உள்ளே இருக்கிறோம்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, நற்குணமுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஜம்புதீபா
குட் எர்த் மற்றும் ஸ்பேஸ் ஆகியவற்றில் பசியைப் போக்க, 🦅 சுதந்திரப் பறவைகளைப் போல வாழ வெறுப்பாளர்கள் உட்பட அனைவருக்கும் ஒரே சுவை. அதிகாலை 3:45 மணிக்கு எழுந்த பிறகு
குளித்து, புத்த மதத்தினர் பதஞ்சலி யோக தியானம் செய்து சுவாசிக்கவும் &
உடலின் அனைத்து நிலைகளிலும் மூச்சை வெளியேற்றுகிறது.
தியான மனதுடன் நீச்சல் செய்யுங்கள்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள
அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஜம்புதீபா மகா மாயாவதி அசோகனை மீண்டும் கொண்டு வருவேன் என்றார்
ஆட்சி ஜம்புதீபா ஜம்பு-மரம் வளரும் ஜம்புசண்டா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது
அவரது பெயரைக் குறிக்க அங்கு வளரும் (நாகா) என்பதிலிருந்து அதன் பெயரைப் பெற்றது
கிமு 3 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் சாம்ராஜ்யம்
ஜம்புதிபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
பட்டியல் சாதி தலைவர் மற்றும் உத்தரபிரதேச முன்னாள் முதல்வர்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள
ஜம்புதிபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
பகுஜன் சமாஜ் கட்சி ஆட்சிக்கு வருவதை தடுக்க போட்டி கட்சிகள் அனைத்து தந்திரங்களையும் பயன்படுத்துகின்றன என்று மகா மாயாவதி கூறினார்.
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள
ஜம்புதிபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
மகா
மின்னணு வாக்குப்பதிவு குறித்தும் மாயாவதி கவலை தெரிவித்தார்
இயந்திரங்கள். “1984 முதல், வாக்குச்சீட்டு பயன்பாட்டில், வாக்கு சதவீதம் இல்லை
குறைந்துள்ளது.
மின்னணு வாக்குப்பதிவு இயந்திரத்தை பயன்படுத்தியதால் கட்சி வாக்கு சதவீதம் குறைந்துள்ளது
கீழ். பல்வேறு நாடுகளில் EVM திரும்பப் பெறப்பட்டு வாக்குச் சீட்டுகள் செய்யப்பட்டன
பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டு வருகிறது. பகுஜன் சமாஜ் கட்சி வாக்குகள் குறைந்திருப்பது EVM-ன் வேலை. நான்
வாக்குச் சீட்டைப் பயன்படுத்த தேர்தல் ஆணையத்திடம் வலியுறுத்தியுள்ளோம்,'’ என்றார்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, ஜம்புதீபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
மகா
தனது பகுஜன் சமாஜ் கட்சி எந்த கட்சியுடனும் கூட்டணி வைக்காது என்று மாயாவதி கூறினார்
வரவிருக்கும் மாநில தேர்தல்கள் அல்லது 2024 தேசிய தேர்தல்.
“பி.எஸ்.பி
ராஜஸ்தான், சத்தீஸ்கர் மற்றும் மாநிலங்களில் எந்த கட்சியுடனும் கூட்டணி அமைக்காது
கர்நாடக சட்டசபை தேர்தல் மற்றும் 2024 லோக்சபா தேர்தல்.
அவள் சொன்னாள்.
வெளிநாட்டவர்களுக்கு எதிராக புதிய தாக்குதலையும் தொடங்கினார்
பெனே இஸ்ரேல், திபெத், ஆப்பிரிக்கா, மேற்கு ஐரோப்பா, கிழக்கில் இருந்து வெளியேற்றப்பட்டது
ஜெர்மனி, தெற்கு ரஷ்யா, கிழக்கு ஐரோப்பா, ஹங்கேரி சித்பவன் பிராமணர்
ரவுடி
ஸ்வயம் சேவக்ஸ் நம்பர் ஒன் பயங்கரவாதிகள் வெறுப்பு, கோபம், பொறாமை,
மாயை, முட்டாள்தனம், இவை மனதைக் கெடுக்கும் மனதைத் தேவைப்படுத்துகிறது
குங்குமப்பூ கட்சிக்கு மனநல புகலிடங்களில் சிகிச்சை
“தவறு காரணமாக
பாஜக அரசின் கொள்கைகளால் மக்கள் இயற்கைப் பேரிடரை எதிர்கொண்டுள்ளனர்.
அவர் மேலும் ஒரு வெளிப்படையான குறிப்பில் கூறினார்
உத்தரகண்ட் மாநிலத்தில் உள்ள ஜோஷிமத் நகரம்.
“மத்திய அமைப்புகள் அரசியல்மயமாக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன,”
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள
ஜம்புதிபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
தலைவர் கூறினார்.
அவள்
காங்கிரஸ் மற்றும் SP ஐயும் குறிவைத்தது: “ஓபிசி, எஸ்சி/எஸ்டிக்கான இட ஒதுக்கீடு
பாஜக அரசால் செயல்படுத்தப்படவில்லை. காங்கிரஸ் மற்றும்
சமாஜ்வாதி கட்சி ஓபிசி, எஸ்சி மற்றும் எஸ்டி சமூகத்தையும் வஞ்சித்துள்ளது.
மாயாவதி 67வது பிறந்தநாளைக் கொண்டாடுகிறார், 2024க்கான நம்பிக்கையுடன்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள
ஜம்புதிபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
திட்டமிடப்பட்ட
ஜாதி மகா மாயாவதி, பகுஜன் சமாஜ் கட்சியின் (பிஎஸ்பி) தலைவர் மற்றும்
நான்கு முறை உத்தரபிரதேச முதல்வராக இருந்தவர், 1956 ஜனவரி 15 அன்று பிறந்தார்
டெல்லியில் ஏ
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, ஜம்புதீபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
விழித்தெழுந்த ஆதிவாசிகள் பட்டியல் சாதிக் குடும்பம்.
தவிர
உத்தரபிரதேசத்தின் மிக முக்கியமான அரசியல் தலைவர்களில் ஒருவராக அவர் இருந்தார்
அதிகாரம் பெற்ற விழித்தெழுந்த பழங்குடியின பட்டியல் சாதியின் ஐகான் மற்றும் அவரது செல்வாக்கு
எல்லைகளுக்கு அப்பால் நீண்டுள்ளது
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, ஜம்புதீபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
ஆதிவாசிகள் பட்டியல் சாதி பிரபுத்த பாரதத்தின் அதிக மக்கள் தொகை கொண்ட மாநிலம்.
நாங்கள் தொடர்ந்து உள்ளே இருக்கிறோம்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, நற்குணமுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஜம்புதீபா
——–1
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள
ஜம்புதிபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
திட்டமிடப்பட்ட
ஜாதி மகா மாயாவதிக்கு எளிமையான குழந்தைப் பருவம் இருந்தது, அவரது தந்தை பிரபுதாஸ்,
தபால் அலுவலகத்தில் பணிபுரிந்தார்.
அவள் இளங்கலைப் பட்டம் பெற்றாள்
காளிந்தி மகளிர் கல்லூரியில் கலை, மற்றும் வளாக சட்டத்தில் சட்டப் பட்டம்
மையம், தில்லி பல்கலைக்கழகம்.
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள
ஜம்புதிபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
திட்டமிடப்பட்ட
ஜாதி மகா மாயாவதிக்கு எளிமையான குழந்தைப் பருவம் இருந்தது, அவரது தந்தை பிரபுதாஸ்,
தபால் அலுவலகத்தில் பணிபுரிந்தார். அன்பான, இரக்கமுள்ள ஜம்புதிபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
திட்டமிடப்பட்ட
சாதி
தோற்கடிக்கப்பட்ட ஜனதா கட்சியின் ராஜ் நரேன் ஏற்பாடு செய்தார்
இந்திரா காந்தி லோக்சபா தேர்தலில் ரேபரேலியில் இருந்து, மீண்டும் மீண்டும்
குறிப்பிடப்படுகிறது
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, ஜம்புதீபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
ஹரிஜனங்களாக பட்டியல் சாதியினர்.
இது இளைஞர்களுக்கு கோபத்தை ஏற்படுத்தியது
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள
ஜம்புதிபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
திட்டமிடப்பட்ட
நிகழ்ச்சியில் கலந்து கொண்ட ஜாதி மகா மாயாவதி. பத்திரிகையாளராக
பூபேஷ் பண்டாரி டிசம்பர் 2011 இல் பிசினஸ் ஸ்டாண்டர்டில் எழுதினார்:
“கூட
அந்த ஆரம்ப நாட்களில் அவர் [ஹரிஜன்] என்ற சொல்லைக் கண்டுபிடித்தார்
மகாத்மா காந்தி, தாழ்வு மனப்பான்மை கொண்டவர். அவள் எழுந்து நடந்தாள்
மேடைக்கு சென்று ராஜ் நரேன் மீது கிழித்தார். இரண்டு மாதங்களுக்குப் பிறகு, ஒரு
குளிர்
குளிர்கால இரவு,
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள
ஜம்புதிபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
பட்டியலிடப்பட்ட சாதி மகா மான்யவர் கன்ஷி ராம் [BSP இன் நிறுவனர்] அவளை வீட்டிற்குச் சென்றார்.
தி
பர்லி சீக்கியர் [அவரது குடும்பம் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற விழித்தெழுந்த பழங்குடியினருக்கு சொந்தமானது
பட்டியலிடப்பட்ட சாதி சமூகம் ஆனால் சீக்கிய மதத்திற்கு மாறியது] அவரை விட்டு வெளியேறினார்
அதிகாரம் பெற்ற விழித்தெழுந்த பழங்குடியினரின் காரணத்திற்காக போராடுவதற்கான அரசாங்க வேலை
பட்டியல் சாதி சமூகம்.
அப்படி இருந்தால் அவளிடம் சொன்னதாக கூறப்படுகிறது
அவரைப் பின்தொடர்ந்து, ஒரு நாள் ஐஏஎஸ் அதிகாரிகளுக்கு உத்தரவிடுவாள். அது இருந்தது
ஒரு கணிப்பு நிறைவேறும்.
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, ஜம்புதீபாவின் அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
திட்டமிடப்பட்ட
ஜாதி மகா மன்யவர் கன்ஷிராம் 1984 இல் பிஎஸ்பியை நிறுவினார்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, பரோபகாரமான, சி அதிகாரம் பெற்ற ஆதிவாசி
ஜம்புதிபா மஹா மாயாவதி அவரது முக்கிய குழு உறுப்பினர்.
இது
ஜம்புதீபா என்ற பெயர் கிரேட்டரின் பிரதேசத்தை விவரிக்க அடிக்கடி பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது
பண்டைய ஆதாரங்களில் பிரபுத்த பாரத்
dvipa, பண்டைய அண்டவெளியில் “தீவு” அல்லது “கண்டம்” என்று பொருள்.
ஜம்புத்வீபா என்ற சொல் அசோகர் தனது பூர்வகுடிகளை பிரதிநிதித்துவப்படுத்த பயன்படுத்தினார்.
தி
பௌத்த அண்டவியல் பூமண்டலத்தை (பூமியின் வட்டம்) பிரிக்கிறது
மூன்று தனித்தனி நிலைகள்: காமதாது (ஆசை சாம்ராஜ்யம்), ரூபதாது (வடிவம்
சாம்ராஜ்யம்), மற்றும் ஆரூப்யதாது (வடிவமற்ற பகுதி). காமதாது அமைந்துள்ளது
நான்கு தீவு-கண்டங்களால் சூழப்பட்டதாகக் கூறப்படும் சுமேரு மலை.
“தி
தெற்கே உள்ள தீவு ஜம்புதீபா என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மற்ற மூன்று கண்டங்கள்
சுமேருவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பௌத்த கணக்குகளை மனிதர்களால் அணுக முடியாது
ஜம்புதீபா ஒரு முக்கோண வடிவமானது, தெற்கு நோக்கிய ஒரு மழுங்கிய புள்ளியுடன், ஓரளவு இந்திய துணைக்கண்டத்தைப் போன்றது. அதன் மையத்தில் ஏ
பிரமாண்டமான ஜம்பு மரத்தில் இருந்து கண்டம் அதன் பெயரைப் பெற்றது, அதாவது “ஜம்பு
ஜம்புதீபா, நான்கு மகாதீபாக்களில் ஒன்று, அல்லது பெரிய கண்டங்கள், அவை காக்காவலாவில் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளன மற்றும் ஒரு காக்காவட்டியால் ஆளப்படுகின்றன.
அவை சுமேரு மலையைச் சுற்றித் தொகுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. ஜம்புதீபாவில் எண்பத்து நாலாயிரம் சிகரங்கள், ஏரிகள், மலைத்தொடர்கள் போன்றவற்றைக் கொண்ட ஹிமவா உள்ளது.
இது
கண்டம் அதன் பெயரை ஜம்பு-மரத்திலிருந்து (நாகா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது) பெற்றது
அங்கு வளரும், அதன் தண்டு பதினைந்து யோஜனை சுற்றளவு, விரிந்து பரந்து காணப்படும்
கிளைகள் ஐம்பது யோஜனை நீளம், அதன் நிழல் நூறு யோஜனைகள்
பரப்பளவு மற்றும் அதன் உயரம் நூறு யோஜனைகள்
இதன் காரணமாக
மரம், ஜம்புதீபம் ஜம்புசண்டா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது.கண்டம் பத்து
ஆயிரம் யோஜனை அளவு; இவற்றில் பத்தாயிரம், நான்காயிரம்
சமுத்திரத்தால் மூடப்பட்டுள்ளது, மூவாயிரம் இமயமலையால் மூடப்பட்டுள்ளது
மூவாயிரம் பேர் வசிக்கிறார்கள்
ஜம்புதீபா என்பது இப்பகுதி
மனிதர்கள் வாழ்கிறார்கள் மற்றும் ஒரு உயிரினம் விழித்திருக்கக்கூடிய ஒரே இடம்
மனிதனாக பிறந்ததன் மூலம்.
ஜம்புதீபத்தில் தான் இருக்கலாம்
தர்மத்தின் வரத்தைப் பெற்று, நான்கு உன்னத உண்மைகளைப் புரிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள்.
உன்னத எட்டு மடங்கு பாதை மற்றும் இறுதியில்
வாழ்க்கை மற்றும் இறப்பு சுழற்சியிலிருந்து விடுதலையை உணருங்கள்.
மற்றொன்று
பௌத்த நூலான மகாவம்சத்தில் இருந்து குறிப்பு உள்ளது, அங்கு பேரரசர்
அசோகரின் மகன் மகிந்த இலங்கை மன்னரிடம் தன்னை அறிமுகப்படுத்திக் கொள்கிறார்
ஜம்புதீபத்திலிருந்து தேவநம்பியதிஸ்ஸ, இப்போது இருப்பதைக் குறிப்பிடுகிறார்
பிரபுத்த பாரத துணைக்கண்டம். இது மகாயானத்தில் உள்ள க்ஷிதிகர்ப சூத்திரத்தில் அடிப்படையாக கொண்டது.
——————-2
புவிசார் அரசியல் அர்த்தத்தில் ஜம்புதீபா
தி
ஜம்புதீபா என்ற சொல்லை அசோகர் 3வது இடத்தில் தனது சாம்ராஜ்யத்தை குறிக்க பயன்படுத்தியிருக்கலாம்
கிமு நூற்றாண்டு, அதே சொற்களஞ்சியம் அடுத்தடுத்த கல்வெட்டுகளில் மீண்டும் மீண்டும் வருகிறது
உதாரணமாக கி.பி பத்தாம் நூற்றாண்டைச் சேர்ந்த மைசூர் கல்வெட்டு, இப்பகுதியை விவரிக்கிறது.
மறைமுகமாக இந்தியா, ஜம்புதீபா என.
‘தி
குந்தல நாடு (இது மைசூர் மற்றும் வடமேற்கு பகுதிகளை உள்ளடக்கியது
பாம்பே பிரசிடென்சியின் தெற்குப் பகுதிகள்) ஆளப்பட்டது
நவ-நந்தா,
குப்த-குல, மௌரிய மன்னர்கள்; பின்னர் ரட்டாக்கள் அதை ஆண்டனர்:
அவர்களுக்குப் பிறகு சாளுக்கியர்கள்; பிறகு காலச்சுரியா குடும்பம்; மற்றும் பிறகு
அவர்கள் (ஹொய்சாள) பல்லாலர்கள்.’மற்றொன்று, குபத்தூரில், வெளிப்படையாகக் கூறுகிறது
சந்திர குப்தர் பாரத க்ஷேத்திரத்தின் தெற்கே உள்ள நாககாண்டத்தை ஆண்டார்
ஜம்புதீபத்தின்:
இது பலவற்றின் நாகர-கண்ட எழுபது
கல்வெட்டுகள், அவற்றில் பந்தனிக்கே (ஷிமோகாவில் உள்ள பந்தலிகே) இருப்பதாக தெரிகிறது
தலைமை நகரமாக இருந்தது.
மேலும், கீழே கவனிக்க வேண்டிய ஒரு பதிவு, கடம்ப மன்னரின் மகள்கள் குப்தர்களுக்கு திருமணம் செய்து வைக்கப்பட்டதாக கூறுகிறது.
மைசூர் அறிக்கை
மவுண்ட்
மேரு (சுமேரு (சமஸ்கிருதம்) அல்லது சினேரு (பாலி) அல்லது காங்ரின்போகே)
பௌத்த அண்டவியலில் மத்திய உலக மலையின் பெயர்.
சொற்பிறப்பியல் ரீதியாக, மலையின் சரியான பெயர் மேரு (பாலி மேரு), இதில் சு-,
இதன் விளைவாக “சிறந்த மேரு” அல்லது “அற்புதமான மேரு” என்று பொருள்.
வலுவூட்டப்பட்ட ஜம்புதிபா பிரபஞ்சம்
ஜம்புதீபா
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) நான்கு கண்டங்களில் ஒன்று, இது அமைந்துள்ளது
மேரு மலைக்கு தெற்கே.) தெற்கில் அமைந்துள்ளது மற்றும் இது வசிப்பிடமாகும்
சாதாரண மனிதர்கள்.
அதன் வடிவம் ட்ரெப்சாய்டல் அல்லது கோடாரி-தலையின் வடிவத்தை ஒத்திருக்கிறது. இது நாம் வாழும் மனித உலகம்
இது “வண்டி போன்றது” அல்லது தெற்கு நோக்கிய புள்ளியுடன் கூடிய மழுங்கிய மூக்கு முக்கோண வடிவில் இருப்பதாக கூறப்படுகிறது.
(இந்த விளக்கம் தெற்கு பிரபுத்த பாரதத்தின் கடற்கரையின் வடிவத்தை எதிரொலிக்கிறது.
கர்நாடகா
புவிசார் அரசியல் அர்த்தத்தில் ஜம்புத்வீபா
தி
ஜம்புத்வீபா என்ற சொல் அசோகரால் 3வது இடத்தில் அவரது சாம்ராஜ்யத்தைக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுத்தியிருக்கலாம்
கிமு நூற்றாண்டு, அதே சொற்களஞ்சியம் பின்னர் மீண்டும் மீண்டும்
உதாரணமாக கி.பி பத்தாம் நூற்றாண்டைச் சேர்ந்த மைசூர் கல்வெட்டுகள்
இது பிராந்தியத்தை விவரிக்கிறது, மறைமுகமாக பிரபுத்த பாரதம்
ஜம்புத்வீபா.
குந்தல நாடு (இதில் அடங்கும்
மைசூரின் வடமேற்குப் பகுதிகள் மற்றும் பம்பாயின் தெற்குப் பகுதிகள்
பிரசிடென்சி) நவ-நந்தா, குப்த-குல, மௌரிய அரசர்களால் ஆளப்பட்டது;
பின்னர் ராட்டாக்கள் அதை ஆட்சி செய்தனர்: அவர்களுக்குப் பிறகு சாளுக்கியர்கள்; பின்னர் தி
கலச்சூர்யா குடும்பம்;
அவர்களுக்குப் பிறகு (ஹொய்சாள) பல்லலர்கள்.
ஜம்புதீபா)
கிரேட்டர் பிரபுத்தாவின் பிரதேசத்தை விவரிக்க அடிக்கடி பயன்படுத்தப்படும் பெயர்
பண்டைய இந்திய ஆதாரங்களில் பாரதம். என்ற கருத்தை அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்டது இந்த சொல்
dvipa, பண்டைய பிரபுத்த பாரதத்தில் “தீவு” அல்லது “கண்டம்” என்று பொருள்
அண்டவியல்.
ஜம்புத்வீபா என்ற சொல் அசோகரால் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது
கிமு மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டில் அவரது சாம்ராஜ்யம் பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது
அடுத்தடுத்த நூல்கள், உதாரணமாக பத்தாவது கன்னட கல்வெட்டுகள்
கிபி நூற்றாண்டு, இது இப்பகுதியை விவரிக்கிறது, மறைமுகமாக பண்டைய பிரபுத்தா
பாரதம், ஜம்புதீபாவாக
சுமார் 250 BCE (பிராமி எழுத்து) அசோகரின் சஹஸ்ரம் மைனர் ராக் ஆணைகளில் “பிரபுத்த பாரதம்” என்பதற்கு ஜம்புதீபசி என்ற பிராகிருத பெயர்.
அது
10,000 யோஜனை அளவு (விபஜ்யவாத பாரம்பரியம்) அல்லது சுற்றளவு கொண்டது
6,000 யோஜனைகள் (சர்வஸ்திவாத பாரம்பரியம்) இதில் சேர்க்கப்படலாம்
தெற்கு கடற்கரை 3 1⁄2 யோஜனை நீளம் மட்டுமே.
கண்டம் எடுக்கும்
100 யோஜனைகள் உயரமுள்ள மாபெரும் ஜம்பு மரத்திலிருந்து (சிஜிஜியம் குமினி) அதன் பெயர்,
கண்டத்தின் நடுவில் வளரும்.
ஒவ்வொரு கண்டத்திலும் இந்த மாபெரும் மரங்களில் ஒன்று உள்ளது.
அனைத்து விழித்திருக்கும் புத்தர்களும் ஜம்புதீபாவில் தோன்றுகிறார்கள்
தி
இங்குள்ள மக்கள் ஐந்து முதல் ஆறு அடி உயரம் மற்றும் அவர்களின் ஆயுட்காலம் மாறுபடும்
10 முதல் அதிகாரம் வரை 140 ஆண்டுகள் (அசங்க்யா ஆயு) மற்றும் 10 ஆண்டுகள்.
“இந்தக் கண்டம் ஒரு கிமீ ஜம்புப்ரிக்ஷா ஜம்பு மரத்தால் அலங்கரிக்கப்பட்டிருப்பதால், இது ‘ஜம்பு கண்டம்’ அல்லது ஜம்புதீபா என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது.
ஜம்பு மரம் ரோஜா-ஆப்பிள் மரம் (யூஜீனியா ஜம்போலானா) என்று சிலரால் கருதப்படுகிறது.
மிக சமீபத்திய உதவித்தொகை இது பல்வேறு பிளம்களாக இருக்கலாம் என்று கூறுகிறது.
இருப்பினும், ஒரே ஒரு ஜம்பு மரம் மட்டுமே உள்ளது, இது சாதாரண மனிதர்களுக்குத் தெரியாது, ஆனால் விழித்திருக்கும் உயிரினங்களுக்கு மட்டுமே தெரியும்.
தி
பௌத்த அண்டவியல் பூமண்டலத்தை (பூமியின் வட்டம்) பிரிக்கிறது
மூன்று தனித்தனி நிலைகள்: காமதாது (ஆசை சாம்ராஜ்யம்), ரூபதாது (வடிவம்
சாம்ராஜ்யம்), மற்றும் ஆரூப்யதாது (வடிவமற்ற பகுதி). காமதாது அமைந்துள்ளது
நான்கு தீவு-கண்டங்களால் சூழப்பட்டதாகக் கூறப்படும் சுமேரு மலை.
“தி
தெற்கே உள்ள தீவு ஜம்புதீபா என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மற்ற மூன்று கண்டங்கள்
சுமேருவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பௌத்த கணக்குகளை மனிதர்களால் அணுக முடியாது
ஜம்புதீபா.
ஜம்புதீபம் மழுங்கிய புள்ளியுடன் ஒரு முக்கோண வடிவில் உள்ளது
தெற்கு நோக்கி, இந்திய துணைக்கண்டம் போன்றது.
அதன் மையத்தில் ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டமான ஜம்பு மரம் உள்ளது, அதில் இருந்து கண்டம் அதன் பெயரைப் பெற்றது, அதாவது “ஜம்பு தீவு”.
ஜம்புதீபா, நான்கு மகாதீபாக்களில் ஒன்று, அல்லது பெரிய கண்டங்கள், அவை காக்காவலாவில் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளன, மேலும் அவை ஆளப்படுகின்றன.
காக்காவட்டி.
அவை சுமேரு மலையைச் சுற்றி குழுவாக உள்ளன. ஜம்புதீபத்தில் ஹிமவா இருக்கிறாள்
அதன் எண்பத்து நான்காயிரம் சிகரங்கள், அதன் ஏரிகள், மலைத்தொடர்கள் முதலியன.
——-3
இருப்பினும், ஒரே ஒரு ஜம்பு மரம் மட்டுமே உள்ளது, இது சாதாரண மனிதர்களுக்குத் தெரியாது, ஆனால் விழித்திருக்கும் உயிரினங்களுக்கு மட்டுமே தெரியும்.
தி
பௌத்த அண்டவியல் பூமண்டலத்தை (பூமியின் வட்டம்) பிரிக்கிறது
மூன்று தனித்தனி நிலைகள்: காமதாது (ஆசை சாம்ராஜ்யம்),
ரூபதாது (படிவம்
சாம்ராஜ்யம்), மற்றும் ஆரூப்யதாது (வடிவமற்ற பகுதி). காமதாது அமைந்துள்ளது
நான்கு தீவு-கண்டங்களால் சூழப்பட்டதாகக் கூறப்படும் சுமேரு மலை.
“தி
தெற்கே உள்ள தீவு ஜம்புதீபா என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மற்ற மூன்று கண்டங்கள்
சுமேருவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பௌத்த கணக்குகளை மனிதர்களால் அணுக முடியாது
ஜம்புதீபா.
ஜம்புதீபம் மழுங்கிய புள்ளியுடன் ஒரு முக்கோண வடிவில் உள்ளது
தெற்கு நோக்கி, இந்திய துணைக்கண்டம் போன்றது.
அதன் மையத்தில் ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டமான ஜம்பு மரம் உள்ளது, அதில் இருந்து கண்டம் அதன் பெயரைப் பெற்றது, அதாவது “ஜம்பு தீவு”.
ஜம்புதீபா, நான்கு மகாதீபாக்களில் ஒன்று, அல்லது பெரிய கண்டங்கள், அவை காக்காவலாவில் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளன, மேலும் அவை ஆளப்படுகின்றன.
காக்காவட்டி.
அவை சுமேரு மலையைச் சுற்றி குழுவாக உள்ளன. ஜம்புதீபத்தில் ஹிமவா இருக்கிறாள்
அதன் எண்பத்து நான்காயிரம் சிகரங்கள், அதன் ஏரிகள், மலைத்தொடர்கள் முதலியன.
இருப்பினும், ஒரே ஒரு ஜம்பு மரம் மட்டுமே உள்ளது, இது சாதாரண மனிதர்களுக்குத் தெரியாது, ஆனால் விழித்திருக்கும் உயிரினங்களுக்கு மட்டுமே தெரியும்.
தி
பௌத்த அண்டவியல் பூமண்டலத்தை (பூமியின் வட்டம்) பிரிக்கிறது
மூன்று தனித்தனி நிலைகள்: காமதாது (ஆசை சாம்ராஜ்யம்), ரூபதாது (வடிவம்
சாம்ராஜ்யம்), மற்றும் ஆரூப்யதாது (வடிவமற்ற பகுதி). காமதாது அமைந்துள்ளது
நான்கு தீவு-கண்டங்களால் சூழப்பட்டதாகக் கூறப்படும் சுமேரு மலை.
“தி
தெற்கே உள்ள தீவு ஜம்புதீபா என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மற்ற மூன்று கண்டங்கள்
சுமேருவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பௌத்த கணக்குகளை மனிதர்களால் அணுக முடியாது
ஜம்புதீபா.
ஜம்புதீபம் மழுங்கிய புள்ளியுடன் ஒரு முக்கோண வடிவில் உள்ளது
தெற்கு நோக்கி, இந்திய துணைக்கண்டம் போன்றது.
அதன் மையத்தில் ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டமான ஜம்பு மரம் உள்ளது, அதில் இருந்து கண்டம் அதன் பெயரைப் பெற்றது, அதாவது “ஜம்பு தீவு”.
ஜம்புதீபா, நான்கு மகாதீபாக்களில் ஒன்று, அல்லது பெரிய கண்டங்கள், அவை காக்காவலாவில் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளன, மேலும் அவை ஆளப்படுகின்றன.
காக்காவட்டி.
அவை சுமேரு மலையைச் சுற்றி குழுவாக உள்ளன. ஜம்புதீபத்தில் ஹிமவா இருக்கிறாள்
எண்பத்து நாலாயிரம் சிகரங்கள், ஏரிகள், மலைத்தொடர்கள்,
இந்த கண்டம் அதன் பெயர் ஜம்பு-மரம் (நாகா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது) அங்கு வளரும், அதன் தண்டு பதினைந்து யோஜனை சுற்றளவு,
அதன்
பரந்த கிளைகள் ஐம்பது யோஜனை நீளம், அதன் நிழல் ஒன்று
நூறு யோஜனை அளவு மற்றும் அதன் உயரம் நூறு யோஜனை (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
இந்த மரத்தின் காரணமாக, ஜம்புதீபா ஜம்புசண்டா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
தி
கண்டம் பத்தாயிரம் யோஜனை அளவு; இவற்றில் பத்தாயிரம்,நான்கு
ஆயிரம் கடலால் மூடப்பட்டுள்ளது, மூவாயிரம் பேர்
இமயமலை
மலைகள், மூவாயிரம் மனிதர்கள் வசிக்கும் போது ஜம்புதீபம் உள்ளது
மனிதர்கள் வாழும் பகுதி மற்றும் ஒரு உயிரினம் இருக்கும் ஒரே இடம்
மனிதனாக பிறந்ததன் மூலம் ஞானம் பெறுங்கள்.
இது மகாயானத்தில் உள்ள க்ஷிதிகர்ப சூத்திரத்தில் அடிப்படையாக கொண்டது.
புவிசார் அரசியல் அர்த்தத்தில் ஜம்புதீபா என்ற சொல் அசோகரால் கிமு 3 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் அவரது சாம்ராஜ்யத்தை பிரதிநிதித்துவப்படுத்த பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது.
அதே சொற்களஞ்சியம் பின்னர் அடுத்தடுத்த கல்வெட்டுகளில் மீண்டும் மீண்டும் வருகிறது
மைசூர்காரன்
கி.பி பத்தாம் நூற்றாண்டைச் சேர்ந்த கல்வெட்டு இதுவும் விவரிக்கிறது
பிராந்தியம், மறைமுகமாக இந்தியா, ஜம்புதீபா. குந்தல நாடு (இதில் அடங்கும்
மைசூரின் வடமேற்குப் பகுதிகள் மற்றும் பம்பாயின் தெற்குப் பகுதிகள்
ஜனாதிபதி பதவி) நவ-நந்தா, குப்த-குல, மௌரிய அரசர்களால் ஆளப்பட்டது.
பின்னர் ரட்டாக்கள் அதை ஆண்டனர் :அவருக்குப் பிறகு சாளுக்கியர்கள்; பின்னர் தி
காலச்சுரியா
குடும்பம்; அவர்களுக்குப் பிறகு (ஹொய்சாள) பல்லாலர்கள்.'’ மற்றொன்று, குபத்தூரில்,
சந்திர குப்தர் தெற்கில் உள்ள நாககாண்டத்தை ஆண்டதாக வெளிப்படையாகக் கூறுகிறது
ஜம்புதீப பாரத க்ஷேத்திரம்:
இது நாகர-கந்தா
பல கல்வெட்டுகளில் எழுபது, அவற்றில் பந்தனிக்கே (பந்தலிகே இன்
ஷிமோகா) முக்கிய நகரமாக இருந்ததாகத் தெரிகிறது. மேலும் இது ஒரு சாதனையாக இருக்க வேண்டும்
கீழே கவனித்தது கடம்ப மன்னனின் மகள்கள் கொடுக்கப்பட்டதாக கூறுகிறது
குப்தர்களுக்கு திருமணம். மைசூர் ஆண்டறிக்கை
சொற்பிறப்பியல் ரீதியாக, தி
மலையின் சரியான பெயர் மேரு (பாலி மேரு), இதில் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளது
ஒப்புதல் முன்னொட்டு su-, இதன் விளைவாக “சிறந்த மேரு” அல்லது
“அற்புதமான மேரு”.
——4
தி
பௌத்த அண்டவியல் பூமண்டலத்தை (பூமியின் வட்டம்) பிரிக்கிறது
மூன்று தனித்தனி நிலைகள்: காமதாது (ஆசை சாம்ராஜ்யம்), ரூபதாது (வடிவம்
சாம்ராஜ்யம்),& ஆருப்யதாது (வடிவமற்ற சாம்ராஜ்யம்).காமதாதுவில் அமைந்துள்ளது
நான்கு தீவு-கண்டங்களால் சூழப்பட்டதாகக் கூறப்படும் சுமேரு மலை.
“தி
தெற்கே உள்ள தீவு ஜம்புதீபா என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. மற்ற மூன்று கண்டங்கள்
சுமேருவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பௌத்த கணக்குகளை மனிதர்களால் அணுக முடியாது
ஜம்புதீபா. ஜம்புதீபம் மழுங்கிய புள்ளியுடன் ஒரு முக்கோண வடிவில் உள்ளது
தெற்கு நோக்கி, ஓரளவு பிரபுத்த பாரதிய துணைக்கண்டம் போன்றது.
அதன் மையத்தில் ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டமான ஜம்பு மரம் உள்ளது, அதில் இருந்து கண்டம் அதன் பெயரைப் பெற்றது, அதாவது “ஜம்பு தீவு”.
ஜம்புதீபா,
நான்கு மகாதீபாக்களில் ஒன்று, அல்லது பெரிய கண்டங்கள், இதில் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளன
காக்காவாலா மற்றும் ஒரு காக்காவட்டியால் ஆளப்படுகிறது. அவை வட்டமாகத் தொகுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன
சுமேரு மலை.
ஜம்புதீபத்தில் எண்பத்து நாலாயிரம் சிகரங்கள், ஏரிகள், மலைத்தொடர்கள் போன்றவற்றைக் கொண்ட ஹிமவா உள்ளது.
இது
கண்டம் அதன் பெயரை ஜம்பு-மரத்திலிருந்து (நாகா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது) பெற்றது
அங்கு வளரும், அதன் தண்டு பதினைந்து யோஜனை சுற்றளவு, விரிந்து பரந்து காணப்படும்
ஐம்பது யோஜனை நீளமுள்ள கிளைகள்,
அதன் நிழல் நூறு யோஜனை அளவு மற்றும் அதன் உயரம் நூறு யோஜனை (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, முதலியன)
இந்த மரத்தின் காரணமாக, ஜம்புதீபா ஜம்புசண்டா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
தி
கண்டம் பத்தாயிரம் யோஜனை அளவு; இந்த பத்தாயிரத்தில்,
நான்காயிரம் பேர் கடலாலும், மூவாயிரம் பேர் இமயமலையாலும் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளனர்
மலைகளில், மூவாயிரம் பேர் வசிக்கின்றனர் (SNA.ii.437;
உடா.300).
ஜம்புத்வீபம் என்பது மனிதர்கள் வாழும் மற்றும் இருக்கும் பகுதி
ஒரு உயிராகப் பிறந்து ஞானம் பெறக்கூடிய ஒரே இடம்
மனிதன்.
ஜம்புத்வீபத்தில் தான் ஒருவர் வரம் பெறலாம்
தர்மம் மற்றும் நான்கு உன்னத உண்மைகள், உன்னதத்தை புரிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள்
எட்டு மடங்கு பாதை மற்றும் இறுதியில் சுழற்சியில் இருந்து விடுதலையை உணருங்கள்
வாழ்க்கை மற்றும் இறப்பு.
மற்றொரு குறிப்பு பௌத்த நூலில் இருந்து வருகிறது
மகாவம்சம், அங்கு பேரரசர் அசோகரின் மகன் மகிந்த தன்னை அறிமுகப்படுத்திக் கொள்கிறார்
ஜம்புத்வீபாவைச் சேர்ந்த இலங்கை மன்னர் தேவநம்பியதிஸ்ஸ குறிப்பிடுகிறார்
இப்போது இந்திய துணைக்கண்டம் என்ன. இது க்ஷிதிகர்பாவை அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்டது
மகாயானத்தில் சூத்திரம்.
ஒரு கணக்கெடுப்பின்படி, இந்தியாவில் ஜெயின்கள் 0.3% லிருந்து 3% ஆக இருந்தால், நாம் அமெரிக்கா & சீனாவை முந்துவோம்.
எனவே சில உண்மைகளைப் பற்றி பேசலாம்:
● தேசிய சராசரி எழுத்தறிவு விகிதம் 65%, ஜெயின்களின் சராசரி எழுத்தறிவு விகிதம் 94%.
● பெண் தேசிய சராசரி எழுத்தறிவு விகிதம் 54%, ஜெயின் பெண்களின் சராசரி எழுத்தறிவு விகிதம் 91%.
● மொத்த CAக்களில் 50% ஜெயின்கள்.
● ஃபோர்ப்ஸின் கூற்றுப்படி, இந்தியா மற்றும் பெல்ஜியத்தின் செல்வந்தர்கள் ஜெயின்கள்.
● ஜைனர்கள் இந்திய மக்கள் தொகையில் 0.3% ஆனால் வருமான வரியில் 24% செலுத்துகிறார்கள். [2009 இல் ஜெயின்கள் வருமான வரியில் 42% கூட செலுத்தியுள்ளனர்]
● ஜைனர்கள் தேசிய வளர்ச்சிக்கு 25% பங்களிப்பு செய்கிறார்கள்.
● உலகில் வைரம் மற்றும் தங்க வணிகத்தில் 65% ஜைனர்களால் செய்யப்படுகிறது.
● 62% தொண்டு ஜெயின்களால் செய்யப்படுகிறது.
● 46% பங்கு தரகர்கள் ஜைனர்கள்.
● விமானத் துறையில் 33% ஜெயின்களால் கட்டுப்படுத்தப்படுகிறது.
● 20% மருந்துகள் மற்றும் ஜவுளிகள் ஜெயின்களால் கட்டுப்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன.
● ஜைனர்கள் 71 வயதிற்கு மேற்பட்ட ஆயுட்காலம் கொண்டவர்கள்.
● 16,000 கௌஷாலாக்களில் 9,600 ஜெயின்களால் நடத்தப்படுகின்றன.
● ஆல்பர் ஐன்ஸ்டீன் ஒருமுறை, மறுபிறவி இருக்கிறதா இல்லையா என்பது எனக்குத் தெரியாது, ஆனால் அது நடந்தால் நான் ஒரு ஜெயின் ஆக விரும்புகிறேன் என்று கூறினார்.
●
உலக சுற்றுச்சூழல் குழுவின் வருடாந்திர உச்சி மாநாட்டின் படி, ஜெர்மனி
2010 “புவி வெப்பமடைதலில் இருந்து பூமியைக் காப்பாற்ற வேண்டும் என்றால், நாம் பின்பற்ற வேண்டும்
ஜெயின் வாழ்க்கை முறை & கோட்பாடுகள்.”
● மற்றவர்களைப் போல் எந்த சிறுபான்மை அட்டையையும் விளையாட வேண்டாம்.
●
ஜைனர்களுக்கு வியாபாரம் செய்வது எப்படி என்று கற்றுத்தரப்படவில்லை, அது நமது மரபணுக்களில் உள்ளது. [நீங்கள் வேண்டாம்
ஒரு சிங்கத்தின் குழந்தைக்கு எப்படி வேட்டையாடுவது மற்றும் அதே வழியில் ஒரு குழந்தைக்கு கற்றுக்கொடுங்கள்
ஜெயின் ஒரு வணிகம் செய்வது எப்படி என்று கற்பிக்கப்படவில்லை].
● ஜெயின்கள் வேலை தேடுபவர்கள் அல்ல, நாங்கள் வேலை கொடுப்பவர்கள்.
●
வழக்கறிஞர்கள், மருத்துவர்கள் மற்றவர்களின் சோகத்தில் வாழ்கிறார்கள், அதேசமயம் CA க்கள் வாழ்கிறார்கள்
மற்றவர்களின் வளர்ச்சி அல்லது மகிழ்ச்சி. [இவ்வாறு நாங்கள் வணிகத்தைத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கிறோம்].
● நாங்கள் நாய்களை நேசிப்பதில்லை, பின்னர் கொசுக்களை கொல்ல மாட்டோம்.
● மற்றவர்கள் இதைச் செய்கிறார்கள் சைவ உணவியல் நிபுணர்- மனதைக் கட்டுப்படுத்துதல் - முகமூடி அணிதல். ஜைனர்கள் பல நூற்றாண்டுகளாக இதை செய்து வருகின்றனர்.
● நாங்கள் வாழவும் வாழவும் நம்புகிறோம். [முகேஷ் அம்பாமி ஜியோவை நாங்கள் ஜியோ & ஜீன் செய்கிறோம் என்கிறார்]
● ‘நான்’ என்பதில் எங்களுக்கு நம்பிக்கை இல்லை. நாங்கள் ‘யுஎஸ்’ மீது நம்பிக்கை கொண்டுள்ளோம்.
● நீங்கள் சொல்வது தவறு, நான் சொல்வது சரி என்பதற்காகவே மிகப்பெரிய சண்டைகள் நடக்கின்றன. நீங்கள் சொல்வது சரிதான், நானும் சரிதான் என்று ஜெயின்கள் சொல்கிறார்கள். (பரஸ்பர மரியாதை).
அப்படியானால் ஏன் ஜைனர்கள் மிகவும் பணக்காரர்களாகவும் பெரியவர்களாகவும் இருக்கிறார்கள் ???
காரணங்கள் -
● சமணர்கள் டைனமைட்டுகள் அல்ல ஒட்டுண்ணிகள்
● வாரிசு திட்டமிடல்
● உச்ச ஞானம் (கைவல்ய ஞானம்)
● “அஹிம்சா விரதம்” (மன ரீதியாகவோ, வாய்மொழியாகவோ அல்லது உடல் ரீதியாகவோ ஹிம்சை இல்லை.)
● வாழ்க்கை கருணை (ஜிவ் தயா)
● நனவான முதலாளித்துவம் (செய்யாதே - கட்சிகள், அரசியல், மகிழ்ச்சி, கிளப்பிங், நடிப்பு)
(நாங்கள் பிரார்த்தனை, தியானம், ஆன்மீகம், மன்னிப்பு) செய்கிறோம்.
● சமூகமே குடும்பம்.
● நேர்மையில் மிக உயர்ந்தது
● அனேகண்டவாடா (பரஸ்பர மரியாதை)
● சதுர்விதா தானம் (உணவு, மருத்துவம், பாதுகாப்பு, அறிவு ஆகிய நான்கு மடங்கு தொண்டு).
————–5
Inline image
https://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20100828/1575461.html
Joining the controversy regarding the reliablity of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) which have been questioned by political parties, the RSS today asked the Election Commission (EC) to revert back to tried and tested paper ballots and subject EVMs to public scrutiny whether these gadgets are tamper proof. In an editorial titled ‘Can we trust our EVMs?’, The Organiser, the RSS mouthpiece, noted it was a fact that till date an absolutely tamper-proof machine had not been invented and credibility of any system depends on ‘transparency, verifiability and trustworthiness’ than on blind and atavistic faith in its infallibility. The issue is not a ‘private affair’ and it involves the future of India. Even if the EVMs were genuine, there was no reason for the EC to be touchy about it, the paper commented. The Government and the EC can’t impose EVMs as a fait accompli on Indian democracy as the only option before the voter. There were flaws like booth capturing, rigging, bogus voting, tampering and ballot paper snatching in the ballot paper system of polling leading the country to switch over to the EVMs and all these problems were relevant in EVMs too. Rigging was possible even at the counting stage. What made the ballot papers voter-friendly was that all aberrations were taking place before the public eye and hence open for corrections whereas the manipulations in the EVMs is entirely in the hands of powers that be and the political appointees manning the sytem, the paper commented. The EVM has only one advantage — ’speed’ but that advantage has been undermined by the staggered polls at times spread over three to four months. ‘’This has already killed the fun of the election process,'’ the paper noted. Of the dozen General Elections held in the country, only two were through the EVMs and instead of rationally addressing the doubts aired by reputed institutions and experts the Government has resorted to silence its critics by ‘intimidation and arrests on false charges’, the paper observed, recalling the arrest of Hyederabad-based technocrat Hari Prasad by the Mumbai Police. Prasad’s research has proved that the EVMs were ‘vulnerable to fraud’. The authorities want to send a message that anybody who challenges the EC runs the risk of persecution and harassment, the RSS observed. Most countries around the world looked at the EVMs with suspicion and countries like the Netherlands, Italy, Germany and Ireland had all reverted back to paper ballots shunning EVMs because they were ‘easy to falsify, risked eavesdropping and lacked transparency’. Democracy is too precious to be handed over to whims or an opaque establishment and network of unsafe gizmos. ‘’For the health of Indian democracy it is better to return to tried and tested methods or else elections in future can turn out to be a farce,'’ the editorial said.
– (UNI) — 28DI28.xml
What did the Buddha say about music?
What did the Buddha say about music?
Do music help? Why sometimes it feels equal to meditation in terms of achieving bliss (may be for short span of period) Or music is just an another time wasting thing? Text with links and pictorial…
For Lay people:
7th of the 8 precepts
Nacca-gita-vadita-visukkadassana mala-gandha-vilepana-dharana-mandana-vibhusanathana veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami - I undertake the precept to refrain from dancing, singing, music, going to see entertainments, wearing garlands, using perfumes, and beautifying the body with cosmetics.
The 8 precepts are usually practiced on Poya days and when you stay in a meditation center
Meditation isn’t meant to only achieve bliss, it’s real purpose is insight. And meditative bliss so aroused far surpasses musical bliss. In fact, after steam entry one notices a total drop in interest in music and entertainment. –
Buddho
Jul 14, 2015 at 9:38
Music is not good as a meditation object as it arouses craving. If you analyse the 40 meditation objects of Samatha, you can identify 3 kinds of objects: neutral objects, virtuous or holy objects and unattractive or repulsive objects. All carefully chosen to subdue certain defilements or achieve Jhanas.
What did the Buddha say about music?
For monks:
There are, bhikkhus, these five drawbacks of reciting the Dhamma with a sustained melodic intonation.
Which five?
Oneself gets attached to that intonation
Others get attached to that intonation
Householders get angry: ‘Those ascetics who are followers of the Sakyans’ son sing in the same way that we do!’
There is a break in concentration for those striving [to produce] musicality
And the upcoming generations imitate what they see.
Buddha - How To Live A Good Life (Buddhism)
Buddha - How To Live A Good Life (Buddhism)
By Philosophies for Life
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
This is for BODY
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people of All Major religions in the world of
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which tastes the same for all including haters to live like free birds 🦅
to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.After getting up at 3:45 AM
take bath & do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling &
exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA Maha Mayawati ji said she will bring back Ashokan
rule Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda which grows Jambu-tree
derives its name from the (Naga) which grows there to represent his
realm in 3rd century BC
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Caste leader and former Uttar Pradesh chief minister
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha Mayawati said that rival parties are using all tricks to stop BSP from coming to power.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati also raised concerns over the use of Electronic Voting
Machines. “Since 1984, ballot paper use, the vote percentage not
decreased. With the use of EVM, the party voting percentage has gone
down. In various countries the EVM had been withdrawn and ballot papers
is being used. It’s the work of the EVM that BSP vote has decreased. I
have urged the Election Commission to use ballot paper,” she said.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati said that her BSP won’t forge an alliance with any party for
the upcoming state elections or the 2024 national polls.
“The BSP
will not form alliance with any party in the Rajasthan,Chhattisgarh and
Karnataka assembly election as well as the 2024 Lok Sabha election,”
she said.
She also launched a fresh attack against the Foreigners
kicked out from Bene Israel, Tibet, Africa, Western Europe, Eastern
Germeny, South Russia, Eastern Europe,Hungary chitpavan brahmin
Rowdy
Swayam Sevaks number one terrorists practicing hatred, anger, jealousy,
delusion, stupidity which are defilement of the mind requiring mental
treatment at mental asylums for the saffron party
“Due to wrong
policies of the BJP government the people are facing natural disaster,”
she further said in an apparent reference to the sinking of the
Joshimath town in Uttarakhand.
“The central agencies have been politicized,” the
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
leader said.
She
also targeted the Congress and SP: “The reservation for the OBC, SC/ST
is not being implemented by the BJP government. The Congress and
Samajwadi Party has also cheated the OBC, SC and ST community.”
Mayawati celebrates 67th birthday, optimistic for 2024
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati, the head of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) and
four-time chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, was born on 15 January 1956
in Delhi in a
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste family.
Besides
being among the most important political leaders of Uttar Pradesh, she
is a Empowered Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste icon and her clout
extends far beyond the boundaries of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Aboriginal Scheduled Caste Prabuddha Bharat’s most populous state.
——–1
Lessons 4681 Tue 17 Jan 2023
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
This is for BODY
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
grows vegetables 
&
Fruits 
Plants 
in pots 
which tastes the same for all including haters to live
like free birds 
to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.
After
getting up at 3:45 AM take bath
and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic
Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
This is for BODY
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
UNIVERSE grows vegetables & Fruits Plants in pots
which tastes the same for all including haters to live like free birds
to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.After getting up at 3:45 AM
take bath & do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling &
exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA Maha Mayawati ji said she will bring back Ashokan
rule Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda which grows Jambu-tree
derives its name from the (Naga) which grows there to represent his
realm in 3rd century BC
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Caste leader and former Uttar Pradesh chief minister
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha Mayawati said that rival parties are using all tricks to stop BSP from coming to power.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati also raised concerns over the use of Electronic Voting
Machines. “Since 1984, ballot paper use, the vote percentage not
decreased. With the use of EVM, the party voting percentage has gone
down. In various countries the EVM had been withdrawn and ballot papers
is being used. It’s the work of the EVM that BSP vote has decreased. I
have urged the Election Commission to use ballot paper,” she said.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Maha
Mayawati said that her BSP won’t forge an alliance with any party for
the upcoming state elections or the 2024 national polls.
“The BSP
will not form alliance with any party in the Rajasthan,Chhattisgarh and
Karnataka assembly election as well as the 2024 Lok Sabha election,”
she said.
She also launched a fresh attack against the Foreigners
kicked out from Bene Israel, Tibet, Africa, Western Europe, Eastern
Germeny, South Russia, Eastern Europe,Hungary chitpavan brahmin
Rowdy
Swayam Sevaks number one terrorists practicing hatred, anger, jealousy,
delusion, stupidity which are defilement of the mind requiring mental
treatment at mental asylums for the saffron party
“Due to wrong
policies of the BJP government the people are facing natural disaster,”
she further said in an apparent reference to the sinking of the
Joshimath town in Uttarakhand.
“The central agencies have been politicized,” the
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
leader said.
She
also targeted the Congress and SP: “The reservation for the OBC, SC/ST
is not being implemented by the BJP government. The Congress and
Samajwadi Party has also cheated the OBC, SC and ST community.”
Mayawati celebrates 67th birthday, optimistic for 2024
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati, the head of the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) and
four-time chief minister of Uttar Pradesh, was born on 15 January 1956
in Delhi in a
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste family.
Besides
being among the most important political leaders of Uttar Pradesh, she
is a Empowered Awakened Aboriginal Scheduled Caste icon and her clout
extends far beyond the boundaries of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Aboriginal Scheduled Caste Prabuddha Bharat’s most populous state.
——–1
In September 1977, during a conference on
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste organised by the Janata Party’s Raj Narain, who had defeated
Indira Gandhi in the Lok Sabha polls from Rae Bareilly, repeatedly
referred to
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Castes as Harijans.
This angered the young
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Mayawati, who was present at the event. As the journalist
Bhupesh Bhandari wrote in the Business Standard in December 2011:
“Even
in those early days she used to find the term [Harijan], coined by
Mahatma Gandhi, condescending and thus hugely offensive. She walked up
to the stage and tore into Raj Narain. A couple of months later, on a
cold
winter night,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE
Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled Caste Maha Manyawar Kanshi Ram [founder of the BSP] visited her at home.
The
burly Sikh [his family belonged to a Empowered Awakened Aboriginal
Scheduled Caste community but had converted to Sikhism] had quit his
government job to fight the cause of the Empowered Awakened Aboriginal
Scheduled Caste community.
He reportedly told her that if she
followed him, one day she would be giving orders to IAS officers. It was
a prediction that would come true.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE Empowered Aboriginal of JAMBUDIPA
Scheduled
Caste Maha Manyawar Kanshi Ram founded the BSP in 1984,he made
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,C Empowered Aboriginal of
JAMBUDIPA Maha Mayawati a member of his core team.
This is
Jambudīpa a name often used to describe the territory of Greater
Prabuddha BHARAT in Ancient sources.The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent his Aboriginal realm.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent. In its center is a
gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru.In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks,its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one hundred yojanas in
extent and its height one hundred yojanas
On account of this
tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda .The continent is ten
thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four thousand are
covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya mountains, while
three thousand are inhabited by men
Jambudīpa is the region where
the humans live and is the only place where a being may become awakened
by being born as a human being.
It is in Jambudīpa that one may
receive the gift of Dhamma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths,
the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately
realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another
reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor
Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the Sri Lankan king
Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudīpa, referring to what is now the
Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
——————-2
for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region, presumably India, as Jambudīpa.
‘the
Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore and
the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency) was ruled by the
nava-Nanda,
Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings ;then the Rattas ruled it :
after whom were the Chalukyas; then the Kalachuryya family; and after
them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’Another, at Kubatur,expressly states that
Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south of the Bharata-kshetra
of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many
inscriptions, of which Bandanikke (Bandalike in Shimoga) seems to have
been the chief town.
And further,a record to be noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas.
Report Of Mysore
Mount
Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit) or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the
name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-,
resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or “wonderful Meru”.
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
Jambudīpa
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) one of the four continents, which is situated to the
south of Mount Meru.) is is located in the south and is the dwelling of
ordinary human beings.
Its shape is trapezoidal or resembling the shape of an axe-head. It is the human world in which we live.
It is said to be shaped “like a cart”, or rather a blunt-nosed triangle with the point facing south.
(This description probably echoes the shape of the coastline of southern Prabuddha Bharat.
Karnataka
Jambudvipa in geopolitical sense
The
term Jambudvipa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent
inscriptions for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD
which also describes the region, presumably Prabuddha Bharat as
Jambudvipa.
‘ the Kuntala country (which included the
north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda, Gupta-kula, Mauryya kings ;
then the Rattas ruled it : after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya family;
After them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.
Jambudīpa)
is a name often used to describe the territory of Greater Prabuddha
Bharat in Ancient Indian sources. The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient Prabuddha Bharatian
cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent
his realm in the third century BCE.The same terminology was used in
subsequent texts, for instance Kannada inscriptions from the tenth
century CE which also described the region, presumably Ancient Prabuddha
Bharat,as Jambudipa
The Prakrit name Jambudīpasi for “Prabuddha Bharat ” in the Sahasram Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka, circa 250 BCE (Brahmi script).
It
is 10,000 yojanas in extent (Vibhajyavāda tradition) or has a perimeter
of 6,000 yojanas (Sarvāstivāda tradition) to which can be added the
southern coast of only 3 1⁄2 yojanas’ length.
The continent takes
its name from a giant Jambu tree (Syzygium cumini), 100 yojanas tall,
which grows in the middle of the continent.
Every continent has one of these giant trees.
All Awakened One Buddhas appear in Jambudīpa
The
people here are five to six feet tall and their length of life varies
between 10 to power 140 years (Asankya Aayu) and 10 years.
“Since this continent is adorned by a k km Jambubriksha jambu tree, it is known as the ‘Continent of Jambu’, or Jambudīpa.
The jambu tree is presumed by some to be the rose-apple tree (Eugenia jambolana).
More recent scholarship suggests that it may be a variety of plum.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
——-3
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth,
its
outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one
hundredyojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four
thousand are covered by the ocean,three thousand by the Himālaya
mountains,while three thousand are inhabited by men Jambudīpa is the
region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may
become enlightened by being born as a human being.
This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense The term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd century BC,
same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions for instance
Mysorean
inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the
region,presumably India,as Jambudīpa.the Kuntala country (which included
the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda,Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings
then the Rattas ruled it :after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya
family; and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’’ Another, at Kubatur,
expressly states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south
of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda
Seventy of so many inscriptions,of which Bandanikke(Bandalike in
Shimoga)seems to have been the chief town.And fuidher, a record to be
noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in
marriage to the Guptas. Annual Report Of Mysore
Mount Meru (also
Sumeru (Sanskrit)or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the name of the
central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the
proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the
approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or
“wonderful Meru”.
——4
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa. Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa,
one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in
the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti. They are grouped round
Mount Sumeru.
In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length,
its shade one hundred yojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, etc.)
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,
four thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya
mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men (SNA.ii.437;
UdA.300).
Jambudvīpa is the region where the humans live and is
the only place where a being may become enlightened by being born as a
human being.
It is in Jambudvīpa that one may receive the gift of
Dharma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble
Eightfold Path and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of
life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text
Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to
the Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudvipa, referring to
what is now the Indian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha
Sūtra in the Mahayana.
According to a Survey, If Jains in India Go from 0.3% to 3% then we will overtake America & China.
So let’s us talk about some FACTS :
● National Avg Literacy Rate 65%, Jains Avg Literacy Rate 94%.
● Female National Avg Literacy Rate 54%, Jains Female Avg Literacy Rate 91%.
● 50% of the Total CAs are Jains.
● According to Forbes, Jains are the Wealthiest People of India & Belgium.
● Jains are 0.3% of the Indian Population but pay 24% of Income Tax. [In 2009 Jains have paid even 42% of Income Tax]
● Jains Contribute 25% towards National Development.
● 65% of Diamond & Gold business in the World are done by Jains.
● 62% Charity is done by Jains.
● 46% Stock brokers are Jains.
● 33% of the Airline Industry is controlled by Jains.
● 20% of the Pharmaceuticals & Textiles are controlled by Jains.
● Jains have the Highest Life Expectancy of 71 age.
● Out of 16,000 Gaushalas 9,600 are run by Jains.
● Alber Einstein once said that I don’t know Whether there is reincarnation or not but if it happens then I want to be a Jain.
●
According to Annual Summit of World Environment Committee, Germany in
2010 “If We have to Save the Earth from Global Warming We have to Follow
Jain’s Lifestyle & Principles.”
● Never plays any Minority Card like others.
●
Jains are not taught how to do business, it is in our genes. [You don’t
teach the child of a Lion how to hunt and in the same way Child of a
Jain is also not taught how to do a Business].
● Jains are not Job Seekers, we are Job Givers.
●
Lawyers, Doctors live on the sadness of others whereas CAs live on the
Growth or Happiness of others. [That’s how we choose business].
● We don’t love dogs and then kill mosquitoes.
● Others are doing this Vegan- Dietician- Mind Control - Wearing Masks. Jains have been doing these for Centuries.
● We believe in Live & Let Live. [Mukesh Ambami Says Jio we say Jio & Jene do]
● We don’t believe in ‘I’. We believe in ‘US’.
● Biggest Fights happen because of You are wrong and I’m Right. Jains say you are Right & I’m also Right. (Mutual Respect).
So Why are Jains so Rich & Great ???
Reasons -
● Jains are Dynamites Not Parasites
● Succession Planning
● Supreme Wisdom (Kaivalya Gyan)
● Vow OF “AHIMSA Vrat” (No Himsa whether Mentally, Orally or Physically.)
● Life Kindness (Jiv Daya)
● Conscious Capitalism (Don’t do - Parties, Politics, Enjoyment, Clubbing, Acting)
(We do Prayer, Meditation, Spirituality, Forgiveness).
● Community is Family.
● Very High on Integrity
● Anekantavada (Mutual Respect)
● Chaturvidha Dana (4-fold charity of Food, Medicine, Protection, Knowledge).
————–5
தாவரங்கள் 
தொட்டிகளில் 
ಸಸ್ಯಗಳು ಕುಂಡಗಳಲ್ಲಿ 
At
present, the EC’s VVPAT auditing is restricted to one randomly chosen
polling booth per constituency. In a recent essay, K. Ashok Vardhan
Shetty , a former IAS officer, demonstrates that this sample size will
fail to detect faulty EVMs 98-99% of the time. He also shows that VVPATs
can be an effective deterrent to fraud only on the condition that the
detection of even one faulty EVM in a constituency must entail the VVPAT
hand-counting of all the EVMs in that constituency. Without this
proviso, VVPATs would merely provide the sheen of integrity without its
substance.
The third criterion is secrecy. Here too, EVMs
disappoint. With the paper ballot, the EC could mix ballot papers from
different booths before counting, so that voting preferences could not
be connected to a given locality. But with EVMs, we are back to
booth-wise counting, which allows one to discern voting patterns and
renders marginalised communities vulnerable to pressure. Totaliser
machines can remedy this, but the EC has shown no intent to adopt them.
So,
on all three counts — transparency, verifiability and secrecy — EVMs
are flawed. VVPATs are not the answer either, given the sheer magnitude
of the logistical challenges. The recent track record of EVMs indicates
that the number of malfunctions in a national election will be high. For
that very reason, the EC is unlikely to adopt a policy of hand-counting
all EVMs in constituencies where faulty machines are reported, as this
might entail hand-counting on a scale that defeats the very purpose of
EVMs. And yet, this is a principle without which the use of VVPATs is
meaningless.
Unjustified suspicions
Despite these issues, EVMs
continue to enjoy the confidence of the EC, which insists that Indian
EVMs, unlike the Western ones, are tamper-proof. But this is a matter of
trust. Even if the software has been burnt into the microchip, neither
the EC nor the voter knows for sure what software is running in a
particular EVM. One has to simply trust the manufacturer and the EC. But
as the German court observed, the precondition of this trust is the
verifiability of election events, whereas in the case of EVMs, “the
calculation of the election result is based on a calculation act which
cannot be examined from outside”.
While it is true that the
results come quicker and the process is cheaper with EVMs as compared to
paper ballot, both these considerations are undeniably secondary to the
integrity of the election. Another argument made in favour of the EVM
is that it eliminates malpractices such as booth-capturing and
ballot-box stuffing. In the age of the smartphone, however, the
opportunity costs of ballot-box-stuffing and the risk of exposure are
prohibitively high. In contrast, tampering with code could accomplish
rigging on a scale unimaginable for booth-capturers. Moreover, it is
nearly impossible to detect EVM-tampering. As a result, suspicions of
tampering in the tallying of votes — as opposed to malfunction in
registering the votes, which alone is detectable — are destined to
remain in the realm of speculation. The absence of proven fraud might
save the EVM for now, but its survival comes at a dangerous cost — the
corrosion of people’s faith in the electoral process.
Yet there
doesn’t have to be incontrovertible evidence of EVM-tampering for a
nation to return to paper ballot. Suspicion is enough, and there is
enough of it already. As the German court put it, “The democratic
legitimacy of the election demands that the election events be
controllable so that… unjustified suspicion can be refuted.” The
phrase “unjustified suspicion” is pertinent. The EC has always
maintained that suspicions against EVMs are unjustified. Clearly, the
solution is not to dismiss EVM-sceptics as ignorant technophobes.
Rather, the EC is obliged to provide the people of India a polling
process capable of refuting unjustified suspicion, as this is a basic
requirement for democratic legitimacy, not an optional accessory.
Jagatheesan Chandrasekharan, [Dec 30, 2022 at 9:05 AM]
A
/ One cannot describe Bhakti movement in a single category. The Bhakti
movement has several aspects. On the one side, there was dissent against
the established order of things in relation to the Vedic practice. At
the same time, there was considerable conformism to the Puranic kind of
religion. If you look at the songs of these saints — Saiva Nayanars and
Vaishnava Alwars — most of them are addressed to Puranic deities, who
are consecrated at temples.
A / In a paper which I along with my
Professor M.G.S. Narayanan published some 45 years ago, we argued that
the Bhakti movement was propagation of the temple cult, which meant the
propagation of the kind of ideology represented by the landed magnates
who were managing the temples. So, a new social formation was coming
into existence and this was the ideological justification for that. The
Bhakti movement was not this or that but it was this, that and the
others. You cannot give a single explanation for the movement. But the
Bhakti movement further developed more conformists. Brahminical
orthodoxy is also the child of Bhakti movement. What began by breaking
fences eventually ended up building walls.
Q / What is your view on
the argument that the writing of the history of India should start from
the south and not from the north?
A / This question comes only when
you accept the notion of India. If you accept the notion of India, you
could ask whether it should start from north India or south India. When
does this notion of India come into existence? Let us say in the 19th
century, with the Indian national movement during the British rule.
Before that, there was no India. Then, what Indian history are you
talking about?
1) Kedri (Central) Chhattisgarhi
2) Utti (Eastern) Chhattisgarhi
3) Budati / Khaltahi (Western) Chhattisgarhi
4) Bhandar (Northern) Chhattisgarhi
5) Rakshahun (Southern) Chhattisgarhi
Article 343 of the Constitution of India stated that the official language of the Union is Hindi in Devanagari script, with official use of English to continue for 15 years from 1947. Later, a constitutional amendment, The Official Languages Act, 1963, allowed for the continuation of English alongside Hindi in the Indian government indefinitely until legislation decides to change it.[3] The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union are “the international form of Indian numerals“,[13][14] which are referred to as Arabic numerals in most English-speaking countries.[1] Despite the misconceptions, Hindi is not the national language of India; the Constitution of India does not give any language the status of national language.[15][16]
The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists 22 languages,[17] which have been referred to as scheduled
languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement. In
addition, the Government of India has awarded the distinction of classical language to Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu. Classical language status is given to languages which have a rich heritage and independent nature.
According to the Census of India of 2001,
India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages. However,
figures from other sources vary, primarily due to differences in
definition of the terms “language” and “dialect”. The 2001 Census
recorded 30 languages which were spoken by more than a million native
speakers and 122 which were spoken by more than 10,000 people.[18] Two contact languages have played an important role in the history of India: Persian[19] and English.[20] Persian was the court language during the Mughal period in India. It reigned as an administrative language for several centuries until the era of British colonisation.[21]
English continues to be an important language in India. It is used in
higher education and in some areas of the Indian government. Hindi, which has the largest number of first-language speakers in India today,[22] serves as the lingua franca across much of North and Central India. However, there have been concerns raised with Hindi being imposed in South India, most notably in the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka,[23][24] Maharashtra, West Bengal, Assam, Punjab and other non-Hindi regions have also started to voice concerns about Hindi.[25] Bengali is the second most spoken and understood language in the country with a significant amount of speakers in eastern and northeastern regions. Marathi is the third most spoken and understood language in the country with a significant amount of speakers in South-Western regions.
Lessons 4680 Mon 16 Jan 2023
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
This is for BODY
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
grows vegetables &
Fruits Plants in pots which tastes the same for all including haters to live
like free birds to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.
After
getting up at 3:45 AM take bath and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic
Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
This is for MIND
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
Plants in pots and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling and exhalingWishing All
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
This
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
is
Prabuddha BHARAT in Ancient sources.The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent his Aboriginal realm.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted
point facing south, somewhat like thePrabuddha Bharatian subcontinent.
In its center is a
gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru.In
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one hundred yojanas in
extent and its height one hundred yojanas
On account of this
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
tree,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
Another
reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor
Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the Sri Lankan king
Devanampiyatissa as from
Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region, presumably Prabuddha Bharat, as
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many
inscriptions, of which Bandanikke (Bandalike in Shimoga) seems to have
been the chief town.
And further,a record to be noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas.
Report Of Mysore
Mount
Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit) or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the
name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-,
resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or “wonderful Meru”.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) one of the four continents, which is situated to the
south of Mount Meru.) is is located in the south and is the dwelling of
ordinary human beings.
Its shape is trapezoidal or resembling the shape of an axe-head. It is the human world in which we live.
It is said to be shaped “like a cart”, or rather a blunt-nosed triangle with the point facing south.
(This description probably echoes the shape of the coastline of southern Prabuddha Bharat.
Karnataka
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
is a name often used to describe the territory of Greater Prabuddha
Bharat in Ancient Indian sources.
The Prakrit name Jambudīpasi for “Prabuddha Bharat ” in the Sahasram Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka, circa 250 BCE (Brahmi script).
It
is 10,000 yojanas in extent (Vibhajyavāda tradition) or has a perimeter
of 6,000 yojanas (Sarvāstivāda tradition) to which can be added the
southern coast of only 3 1⁄2 yojanas’ length.
The continent takes
its name from a giant Jambu tree (Syzygium cumini), 100 yojanas tall,
which grows in the middle of the continent.
Every continent has one of these giant trees.
All Awakened One Buddhas appear in ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
The
people here are five to six feet tall and their length of life varies
between 10 to power 140 years (Asankya Aayu) and 10 years.
“Since this continent is adorned by a k km Jambubriksha jambu tree, it is known as the ‘Continent of Jambu’, or Jambudīpa.
The jambu tree is presumed by some to be the rose-apple tree (Eugenia jambolana).
More recent scholarship suggests that it may be a variety of plum.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm),Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth,
its
outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one
hundredyojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
the region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may
become enlightened by being born as a human being.
It is in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately realize
the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the
Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudīpa, referring to what is now the Indian subcontinent.
Mysorean
inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the
region,presumably India,as Jambudīpa.the Kuntala country (which included
the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda,Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings
then the Rattas ruled it :after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya
family; and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’’ Another, at Kubatur,
expressly states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south
of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda
Seventy of so many inscriptions,of which Bandanikke(Bandalike in
Shimoga)seems to have been the chief town.And fuidher, a record to be
noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in
marriage to the Guptas. Annual Report Of Mysore
Mount Meru (also
Sumeru (Sanskrit)or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the name of the
central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the
proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the
approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or
“wonderful Meru”.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels:Kāmadhātu (Desire realm),Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),& Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm).In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa. Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
In ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
its shade one hundred yojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, etc.)
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,
four thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya
mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men (SNA.ii.437;
UdA.300).
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
the only place where a being may become awakened by being born as a
human being.
It is in ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
Dharma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble
Eightfold Path and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of
life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text
Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to
the Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
what is now the
According to a Survey, If Jains in India Go from 0.3% to 3% then we will overtake America & China.
So let’s us talk about some FACTS :
● National Avg Literacy Rate 65%, Jains Avg Literacy Rate 94%.
● Female National Avg Literacy Rate 54%, Jains Female Avg Literacy Rate 91%.
● 50% of the Total CAs are Jains.
● 65% of Diamond & Gold business in the World are done by Jains.
● 62% Charity is done by Jains.
● 46% Stock brokers are Jains.
● 33% of the Airline Industry is controlled by Jains.
● 20% of the Pharmaceuticals & Textiles are controlled by Jains.
● Jains have the Highest Life Expectancy of 71 age.
● Jains are not Job Seekers, we are Job Givers.
●
Lawyers, Doctors live on the sadness of others whereas CAs live on the
Growth or Happiness of others. [That’s how we choose business].
● We don’t love dogs and then kill mosquitoes.
● Others are doing this Vegan- Dietician- Mind Control - Wearing Masks. Jains have been doing these for Centuries.
● We believe in Live & Let Live. [Mukesh Ambami Says Jio we say Jio & Jene do]
● We don’t believe in ‘I’. We believe in ‘US’.
● Biggest Fights happen because of You are wrong and I’m Right. Jains say you are Right & I’m also Right. (Mutual Respect).
So Why are Jains so Rich & Great ???
Reasons -
● Jains are Dynamites Not Parasites
● Succession Planning
● Supreme Wisdom (Kaivalya Gyan)
● Vow OF “AHIMSA Vrat” (No Himsa whether Mentally, Orally or Physically.)
● Life Kindness (Jiv Daya)
● Conscious Capitalism (Don’t do - Parties, Politics, Enjoyment, Clubbing, Acting)
(We do Prayer, Meditation, Spirituality, Forgiveness).
● Community is Family.
● Very High on Integrity
● Anekantavada (Mutual Respect)
● Chaturvidha Dana (4-fold charity of Food, Medicine, Protection, Knowledge).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QlDp5J61VDs
& Fruits Plants in pots ——————-2
At
present, the EC’s VVPAT auditing is restricted to one randomly chosen
polling booth per constituency. In a recent essay, K. Ashok Vardhan
Shetty , a former IAS officer, demonstrates that this sample size will
fail to detect faulty EVMs 98-99% of the time. He also shows that VVPATs
can be an effective deterrent to fraud only on the condition that the
detection of even one faulty EVM in a constituency must entail the VVPAT
hand-counting of all the EVMs in that constituency. Without this
proviso, VVPATs would merely provide the sheen of integrity without its
substance.
The third criterion is secrecy. Here too, EVMs
disappoint. With the paper ballot, the EC could mix ballot papers from
different booths before counting, so that voting preferences could not
be connected to a given locality. But with EVMs, we are back to
booth-wise counting, which allows one to discern voting patterns and
renders marginalised communities vulnerable to pressure. Totaliser
machines can remedy this, but the EC has shown no intent to adopt them.
So,
on all three counts — transparency, verifiability and secrecy — EVMs
are flawed. VVPATs are not the answer either, given the sheer magnitude
of the logistical challenges. The recent track record of EVMs indicates
that the number of malfunctions in a national election will be high. For
that very reason, the EC is unlikely to adopt a policy of hand-counting
all EVMs in constituencies where faulty machines are reported, as this
might entail hand-counting on a scale that defeats the very purpose of
EVMs. And yet, this is a principle without which the use of VVPATs is
meaningless.
Unjustified suspicions
Despite these issues, EVMs
continue to enjoy the confidence of the EC, which insists that Indian
EVMs, unlike the Western ones, are tamper-proof. But this is a matter of
trust. Even if the software has been burnt into the microchip, neither
the EC nor the voter knows for sure what software is running in a
particular EVM. One has to simply trust the manufacturer and the EC. But
as the German court observed, the precondition of this trust is the
verifiability of election events, whereas in the case of EVMs, “the
calculation of the election result is based on a calculation act which
cannot be examined from outside”.
While it is true that the
results come quicker and the process is cheaper with EVMs as compared to
paper ballot, both these considerations are undeniably secondary to the
integrity of the election. Another argument made in favour of the EVM
is that it eliminates malpractices such as booth-capturing and
ballot-box stuffing. In the age of the smartphone, however, the
opportunity costs of ballot-box-stuffing and the risk of exposure are
prohibitively high. In contrast, tampering with code could accomplish
rigging on a scale unimaginable for booth-capturers. Moreover, it is
nearly impossible to detect EVM-tampering. As a result, suspicions of
tampering in the tallying of votes — as opposed to malfunction in
registering the votes, which alone is detectable — are destined to
remain in the realm of speculation. The absence of proven fraud might
save the EVM for now, but its survival comes at a dangerous cost — the
corrosion of people’s faith in the electoral process.
Yet there
doesn’t have to be incontrovertible evidence of EVM-tampering for a
nation to return to paper ballot. Suspicion is enough, and there is
enough of it already. As the German court put it, “The democratic
legitimacy of the election demands that the election events be
controllable so that… unjustified suspicion can be refuted.” The
phrase “unjustified suspicion” is pertinent. The EC has always
maintained that suspicions against EVMs are unjustified. Clearly, the
solution is not to dismiss EVM-sceptics as ignorant technophobes.
Rather, the EC is obliged to provide the people of India a polling
process capable of refuting unjustified suspicion, as this is a basic
requirement for democratic legitimacy, not an optional accessory.
Jagatheesan Chandrasekharan, [Dec 30, 2022 at 9:05 AM]
A
/ One cannot describe Bhakti movement in a single category. The Bhakti
movement has several aspects. On the one side, there was dissent against
the established order of things in relation to the Vedic practice. At
the same time, there was considerable conformism to the Puranic kind of
religion. If you look at the songs of these saints — Saiva Nayanars and
Vaishnava Alwars — most of them are addressed to Puranic deities, who
are consecrated at temples.
A / In a paper which I along with my
Professor M.G.S. Narayanan published some 45 years ago, we argued that
the Bhakti movement was propagation of the temple cult, which meant the
propagation of the kind of ideology represented by the landed magnates
who were managing the temples. So, a new social formation was coming
into existence and this was the ideological justification for that. The
Bhakti movement was not this or that but it was this, that and the
others. You cannot give a single explanation for the movement. But the
Bhakti movement further developed more conformists. Brahminical
orthodoxy is also the child of Bhakti movement. What began by breaking
fences eventually ended up building walls.
Q / What is your view on
the argument that the writing of the history of India should start from
the south and not from the north?
A / This question comes only when
you accept the notion of India. If you accept the notion of India, you
could ask whether it should start from north India or south India. When
does this notion of India come into existence? Let us say in the 19th
century, with the Indian national movement during the British rule.
Before that, there was no India. Then, what Indian history are you
talking about?
1) Kedri (Central) Chhattisgarhi
2) Utti (Eastern) Chhattisgarhi
3) Budati / Khaltahi (Western) Chhattisgarhi
4) Bhandar (Northern) Chhattisgarhi
5) Rakshahun (Southern) Chhattisgarhi
Article 343 of the Constitution of India stated that the official language of the Union is Hindi in Devanagari script, with official use of English to continue for 15 years from 1947. Later, a constitutional amendment, The Official Languages Act, 1963, allowed for the continuation of English alongside Hindi in the Indian government indefinitely until legislation decides to change it.[3] The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union are “the international form of Indian numerals“,[13][14] which are referred to as Arabic numerals in most English-speaking countries.[1] Despite the misconceptions, Hindi is not the national language of India; the Constitution of India does not give any language the status of national language.[15][16]
The Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists 22 languages,[17] which have been referred to as scheduled
languages and given recognition, status and official encouragement. In
addition, the Government of India has awarded the distinction of classical language to Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Sanskrit, Tamil and Telugu. Classical language status is given to languages which have a rich heritage and independent nature.
According to the Census of India of 2001,
India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages. However,
figures from other sources vary, primarily due to differences in
definition of the terms “language” and “dialect”. The 2001 Census
recorded 30 languages which were spoken by more than a million native
speakers and 122 which were spoken by more than 10,000 people.[18] Two contact languages have played an important role in the history of India: Persian[19] and English.[20] Persian was the court language during the Mughal period in India. It reigned as an administrative language for several centuries until the era of British colonisation.[21]
English continues to be an important language in India. It is used in
higher education and in some areas of the Indian government. Hindi, which has the largest number of first-language speakers in India today,[22] serves as the lingua franca across much of North and Central India. However, there have been concerns raised with Hindi being imposed in South India, most notably in the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka,[23][24] Maharashtra, West Bengal, Assam, Punjab and other non-Hindi regions have also started to voice concerns about Hindi.[25] Bengali is the second most spoken and understood language in the country with a significant amount of speakers in eastern and northeastern regions. Marathi is the third most spoken and understood language in the country with a significant amount of speakers in South-Western regions.
Lessons 4679 Sun 15 Jan 2023
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
grows vegetables &
Fruits Plants in pots which tastes the same for all including haters to live
like free birds to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.
After
getting up at 3:45 AM take bath and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic
Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
Maha
Mayawati ji born in HAPPY PONGAL, SANKARANTHI said she will bring back
Ashokan rule Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda which grows
Jambu-tree derives its name from the (also called Naga) which grows
there to represent his realm in 3rd century BC
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
UNIVERSE say Jo Jamin Sarkari Hai Woh Jamin Mae Tharkari Ho growing
vegetables & Fruits
Plants in pots which tastes the
same for all.
and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling and exhalingWishing All Empowered People of Jambudīpa Universe Happiness,Welfare and Peace for 365 NEW DAYS for 365 NEW CHANCES
This
is Jambudīpa a name often used to describe the territory of Greater
Prabuddha BHARAT in Ancient sources.The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent his Aboriginal realm.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent. In its center is a
gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru.In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks,its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one hundred yojanas in
extent and its height one hundred yojanas
On account of this
tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four
thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya
mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men
Jambudīpa is
the region where the humans live and is the only place where a being
may become awakened by being born as a human being.It is in Jambudīpa
that one may receive the gift of Dhamma and come to understand the Four
Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately
realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another
reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor
Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the Sri Lankan king
Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudīpa, referring to what is now the
Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense
The
term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions
for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region, presumably India, as Jambudīpa.
‘the
Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore and
the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency) was ruled by the
nava-Nanda,
Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings ;then the Rattas ruled it :
after whom were the Chalukyas; then the Kalachuryya family; and after
them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’Another, at Kubatur,expressly states that
Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south of the Bharata-kshetra
of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many
inscriptions, of which Bandanikke (Bandalike in Shimoga) seems to have
been the chief town.
And further,a record to be noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas.
Report Of Mysore
Mount
Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit) or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the
name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-,
resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or “wonderful Meru”.
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
Jambudīpa
(Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) one of the four continents, which is situated to the
south of Mount Meru.) is is located in the south and is the dwelling of
ordinary human beings.
Its shape is trapezoidal or resembling the shape of an axe-head. It is the human world in which we live.
It is said to be shaped “like a cart”, or rather a blunt-nosed triangle with the point facing south.
(This description probably echoes the shape of the coastline of southern Prabuddha Bharat.
Karnataka
Jambudvipa in geopolitical sense
The
term Jambudvipa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent
inscriptions for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD
which also describes the region, presumably Prabuddha Bharat as
Jambudvipa.
Jambudīpa)
is a name often used to describe the territory of Greater Prabuddha
Bharat in Ancient Indian sources. The term is based on the concept of
dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient Prabuddha Bharatian
cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent
his realm in the third century BCE.The same terminology was used in
subsequent texts, for instance Kannada inscriptions from the tenth
century CE which also described the region, presumably Ancient Prabuddha
Bharat,as Jambudipa
The Prakrit name Jambudīpasi for “Prabuddha Bharat ” in the Sahasram Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka, circa 250 BCE (Brahmi script).
It
is 10,000 yojanas in extent (Vibhajyavāda tradition) or has a perimeter
of 6,000 yojanas (Sarvāstivāda tradition) to which can be added the
southern coast of only 3 1⁄2 yojanas’ length.
The continent takes
its name from a giant Jambu tree (Syzygium cumini), 100 yojanas tall,
which grows in the middle of the continent.
Every continent has one of these giant trees.
All Awakened One Buddhas appear in Jambudīpa
The
people here are five to six feet tall and their length of life varies
between 10 to power 140 years (Asankya Aayu) and 10 years.
“Since this continent is adorned by a k km Jambubriksha jambu tree, it is known as the ‘Continent of Jambu’, or Jambudīpa.
The jambu tree is presumed by some to be the rose-apple tree (Eugenia jambolana).
More recent scholarship suggests that it may be a variety of plum.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth,
its
outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one
hundredyojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four
thousand are covered by the ocean,three thousand by the Himālaya
mountains,while three thousand are inhabited by men
Jambudīpa is
the region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may
become enlightened by being born as a human being.
It is in
Jambudīpa that one may receive the gift of Dharma and come to understand
the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately realize
the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the
Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudīpa, referring to what is now the Indian subcontinent.
Mysorean
inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the
region,presumably India,as Jambudīpa.the Kuntala country (which included
the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay
Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda,Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings
then the Rattas ruled it :after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya
family; and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’’ Another, at Kubatur,
expressly states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south
of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda
Seventy of so many inscriptions,of which Bandanikke(Bandalike in
Shimoga)seems to have been the chief town.And fuidher, a record to be
noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in
marriage to the Guptas. Annual Report Of Mysore
Mount Meru (also
Sumeru (Sanskrit)or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the name of the
central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the
proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the
approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or
“wonderful Meru”.
The
Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into
three separate levels:Kāmadhātu (Desire realm),Rūpadhātu (Form
realm),& Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm).In the Kāmadhātu is located
Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The
southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of
Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from
Jambudīpa. Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa,
one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in
the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti. They are grouped round
Mount Sumeru.
In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This
continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which
grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading
branches fifty yojanas in length,
its shade one hundred yojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, etc.)
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The
continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,
four thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya
mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men (SNA.ii.437;
UdA.300).
Jambudvīpa is the region where the humans live and is
the only place where a being may become enlightened by being born as a
human being.
It is in Jambudvīpa that one may receive the gift of
Dharma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble
Eightfold Path and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of
life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text
Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to
the Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudvipa, referring to
what is now the Indian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha
Sūtra in the Mahayana.
According to a Survey, If Jains in India Go from 0.3% to 3% then we will overtake America & China.
So let’s us talk about some FACTS :
● National Avg Literacy Rate 65%, Jains Avg Literacy Rate 94%.
● Female National Avg Literacy Rate 54%, Jains Female Avg Literacy Rate 91%.
● 50% of the Total CAs are Jains.
● According to Forbes, Jains are the Wealthiest People of India & Belgium.
● Jains are 0.3% of the Indian Population but pay 24% of Income Tax. [In 2009 Jains have paid even 42% of Income Tax]
● Jains Contribute 25% towards National Development.
● 65% of Diamond & Gold business in the World are done by Jains.
● 62% Charity is done by Jains.
● 46% Stock brokers are Jains.
● 33% of the Airline Industry is controlled by Jains.
● 20% of the Pharmaceuticals & Textiles are controlled by Jains.
● Jains have the Highest Life Expectancy of 71 age.
● Out of 16,000 Gaushalas 9,600 are run by Jains.
● Alber Einstein once said that I don’t know Whether there is reincarnation or not but if it happens then I want to be a Jain.
●
According to Annual Summit of World Environment Committee, Germany in
2010 “If We have to Save the Earth from Global Warming We have to Follow
Jain’s Lifestyle & Principles.”
● Never plays any Minority Card like others.
●
Jains are not taught how to do business, it is in our genes. [You don’t
teach the child of a Lion how to hunt and in the same way Child of a
Jain is also not taught how to do a Business].
● Jains are not Job Seekers, we are Job Givers.
●
Lawyers, Doctors live on the sadness of others whereas CAs live on the
Growth or Happiness of others. [That’s how we choose business].
● We don’t love dogs and then kill mosquitoes.
● Others are doing this Vegan- Dietician- Mind Control - Wearing Masks. Jains have been doing these for Centuries.
● We believe in Live & Let Live. [Mukesh Ambami Says Jio we say Jio & Jene do]
● We don’t believe in ‘I’. We believe in ‘US’.
● Biggest Fights happen because of You are wrong and I’m Right. Jains say you are Right & I’m also Right. (Mutual Respect).
So Why are Jains so Rich & Great ???
Reasons -
● Jains are Dynamites Not Parasites
● Succession Planning
● Supreme Wisdom (Kaivalya Gyan)
● Vow OF “AHIMSA Vrat” (No Himsa whether Mentally, Orally or Physically.)
● Life Kindness (Jiv Daya)
● Conscious Capitalism (Don’t do - Parties, Politics, Enjoyment, Clubbing, Acting)
(We do Prayer, Meditation, Spirituality, Forgiveness).
● Community is Family.
● Very High on Integrity
● Anekantavada (Mutual Respect)
● Chaturvidha Dana (4-fold charity of Food, Medicine, Protection, Knowledge).
पौधे 
बर्तनों में 
जिनका स्वाद सभी को एक जैसा लगता है।
உலகின் காஸ்ட்லியான காய்கறி ஹாப்ஷூட்! …
Read more at: https://m.dinamalar.com/
ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகளில்
மிகப் பிரபலமாக உள்ள ஹாப்ஷூட்ஸ் உலகின் மிக விலையுயர்ந்த காய்கறி. மேலும்
இந்தக் காய…அதன் மருத்துவ குணங்களுக்காகவே மிகவும் பிரபலமானது.ஒரு கிலோ
ஹாப் ஷூட்ஸின் விலை தற்போது மதிப்பின்படி சுமார் 85 ஆயிரம் ரூபாய்! …
அமெரிக்கா,
ஐரோப்பிய நாடுகளில் இது பிரபலமாக இருந்தாலும், இதன் பூர்வீகம் இந்தியா
தான் என்கின்றனர் தாவரவியலாளர்கள். முதன்முதலில் ஹிமாச்சல் பிரதேசத்தில்
தான் இந்த காய் பயிரிடப்பட்டதாக தெரிவிக்கின்றன. …
ஹியூமுலஸ் லுபுலஸ் (Humulus lupulus) அறிவியல் பெயர் கொண்ட இது ஒரு கொடி தாவரம். …
இந்த
தாவரம் ஆறு மீட்டர் உயரம் வரை வளர்ந்து 20 ஆண்டுகள் வாழ்கின்றது.
ஆரம்பத்தில் இதை களை தாவரம் என்று…நினைத்தனர் பின்னரே இதன் பயன்பாட்டை
உணர்ந்து வளர்க்கத் தொடங்கினர். …
இதன்
விலைக்கான காரணம் தான் நம்மை இன்னும் ஆச்சரியத்தில்
ஆழ்த்துகிறது.ஹாப்ஷூட்ஸின் விலை அவற்றின் தரத்த…பொறுத்து மாறுபடும்.
உயர்ந்த விலை கொண்ட காய்கறி என்பதோடு இவை சந்தையில் அவ்வளவு எளிதில்
கிடைப்பதில்லை….
கார்டியன் ஊடக அறிக்கையின்படி, ஹாப்ஷூட்ஸ் அறுவடைக்கு
தயாராக மூன்று ஆண்டுகள் ஆகின்றன. இந்தச் செடியை கைகளால் மட்டுமே அறுவடை
செய்ய முடியும். இச்செடியின் சிறிய பச்சை நுனிகளைப் பறித்து அறுவடை செய்ய
அதிக மனித உழைப்பும் கவனிப்பும் தேவைப்படுகிறது. எனவே இயந்திரங்களைப்
பயன்படுத்த முடியாது. இதன் விளைவாக இந்த காய் இவ்வளவு காஸ்ட்லியாக உள்ளது.
…
மருத்துவ ஆய்வுகளின்படி, இந்தக் காய்கறியானது காசநோய்க்கு
எதிரான ஆன்டிபாயாட்டிக்களை உருவாக்குவதோடு, கவலை, தூக்கமின்மை,
அமைதியின்மை, பதற்றம், உற்சாகம், கவனக்குறைவு-அதிக செயல்பாட்டுக் கோளாறு
(ADHD) உள்ளிட்டவற்றால் பாதிக்கப்படுபவர்களுக்கு உதவும் எனக்
கூறுகின்றனர்….
இந்தியாவில் ஹாப்ஷூட்கள் பயிரிடப்படாததால், அவற்றின்
விலை இங்கு மிகவும் அதிகமாக உள்ளது. ஆனால், இமயமலையில் பயிரடப்படும்
இதேபோன்ற விலை உயர்ந்த காய்கறியான குச்சி, இமயமலை அடிவாரத்தில் விளையும்
காட்டுக் காளான் ஆகியவை கிலோ ரூ.30,000க்கு விற்பனை செய்யப்படுகின்றன….
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Lesson 4678 Sat 14 Jan 2023 EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE DO GOOD PURIFY MIND Wise,Intelligent people of All Major religions in the world of ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE say Jo Jamin Sarkari Hai Woh Jamin Mae Tharkari Ho growing vegetables & Fruits🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🧅 🍄 🥗 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵 🍈 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱in pots 🪴 which tastes the same for all including haters After getting up at 3:45 AM take bath🧼 and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body. Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM We were in ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA We are in ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA We continue to be in ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA HAPPY PONGAL SANKARANTHI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XpH3O6mnZvwWishing Happiness,Welfare and Peace for 365 NEW DAYS for 365 NEW CHANCES in Empowered Jambudīpa Universe
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c56B6Pg5sgM
Wishing All Empowered People of Jambudīpa Universe Happiness,Welfare and Peace for 365 NEW DAYS for 365 NEW CHANCES
This is Jambudīpa a name often used to describe the territory of Greater Prabuddha BHARAT in Ancient sources.The term is based on the concept of dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent his Aboriginal realm.
https://youtu.be/4sYDFouwtwI
The Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent. In its center is a
gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru.In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks,its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one hundred yojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).The continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men
Jambudīpa is the region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may become awakened by being born as a human being.It is in Jambudīpa that one may receive the gift of Dhamma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately
realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudīpa, referring to what is now the
Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense
The term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions
for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region, presumably India, as Jambudīpa.
‘the Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda,
Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings ;then the Rattas ruled it : after whom were the Chalukyas; then the Kalachuryya family; and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’Another, at Kubatur,expressly states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many inscriptions, of which Bandanikke (Bandalike in Shimoga) seems to have been the chief town.
And further,a record to be noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas.
Report Of Mysore
Mount Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit) or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-,
resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or “wonderful Meru”.
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
Jambudīpa (Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) one of the four continents, which is situated to the south of Mount Meru.) is is located in the south and is the dwelling of ordinary human beings.
Its shape is trapezoidal or resembling the shape of an axe-head. It is the human world in which we live.
It is said to be shaped “like a cart”, or rather a blunt-nosed triangle with the point facing south.
(This description probably echoes the shape of the coastline of southern Prabuddha Bharat.
Karnataka
Jambudvipa in geopolitical sense
The term Jambudvipa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region, presumably Prabuddha Bharat as Jambudvipa.
‘ the Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda, Gupta-kula, Mauryya kings ; then the Rattas ruled it : after whom were the Chalukyas; then the Kalachuryya family;
————-1
and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.
Jambudīpa) is a name often used to describe the territory of Greater Prabuddha Bharat in Ancient Indian sources. The term is based on the concept of dvīpa, meaning “island” or “continent” in Ancient Prabuddha Bharatian cosmogony.
The term Jambudvipa was used by Ashoka to represent his realm in the third century BCE.The same terminology was used in subsequent texts, for instance Kannada inscriptions from the tenth century CE which also described the region, presumably Ancient Prabuddha Bharat,as Jambudipa
The Prakrit name Jambudīpasi for “Prabuddha Bharat ” in the Sahasram Minor Rock Edict of Ashoka, circa 250 BCE (Brahmi script).
It is 10,000 yojanas in extent (Vibhajyavāda tradition) or has a perimeter of 6,000 yojanas (Sarvāstivāda tradition) to which can be added the southern coast of only 3 1⁄2 yojanas’ length.
The continent takes its name from a giant Jambu tree (Syzygium cumini), 100 yojanas tall, which grows in the middle of the continent.
Every continent has one of these giant trees.
All Awakened One Buddhas appear in Jambudīpa
The people here are five to six feet tall and their length of life varies between 10 to power 140 years (Asankya Aayu) and 10 years.
“Since this continent is adorned by a k km Jambubriksha jambu tree, it is known as the ‘Continent of Jambu’, or Jambudīpa.
The jambu tree is presumed by some to be the rose-apple tree (Eugenia jambolana).
More recent scholarship suggests that it may be a variety of plum.
However, legend says that only one jambu tree exists, which is not visible to ordinary persons but only to Awakened beings.
Empowerment teaching with Gen-la Dekyong
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE JAMBUDIPA
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE JAMBUDIPAERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
are aware that everyone is the owner of this good earth. So grow vegetables & Fruits🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅🧅 🍄 🥗 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵 🍈 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱 which tastes the same for all including haters
to live like free birds 🦅 to overcome Hunger on
Good Earth and SPACE with self respect.
After getting up at 3:45 AM take bath🧼 and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE JAMBUDIPA
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE JAMBUDIPA
The Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into three separate levels: Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form realm),and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point
facing south, somewhat like the Indian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a
Cakkavatti.
They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā
with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth,
its outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one hundredyojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand,four thousand are covered by the ocean,three thousand by the Himālaya mountains,while three thousand are inhabited by men
Jambudīpa is the region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may become enlightened by being born as a human being.
It is in Jambudīpa that one may receive the gift of Dharma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the
Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudīpa, referring to what is now the Indian subcontinent.
—————2
This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense The term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd century BC,
same terminology is then repeated in subsequent inscriptions for instance
Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region,presumably India,as Jambudīpa.the Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency) was ruled by the nava-Nanda,Gupta-kula,Mauryya kings
then the Rattas ruled it :after whom were the Chalukyas; then the
Kalachuryya family; and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’’ Another, at Kubatur, expressly states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many inscriptions,of which Bandanikke(Bandalike in Shimoga)seems to have been the chief town.And fuidher, a record to be noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas. Annual Report Of Mysore
Mount Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit)or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or
“wonderful Meru”.
————3
The Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into three separate levels:Kāmadhātu (Desire realm),Rūpadhātu (Form realm),& Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm).In the Kāmadhātu is located Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from Jambudīpa. Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point facing south, somewhat like the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent.
In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti. They are grouped round Mount Sumeru.
In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length,
its shade one hundred yojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, etc.)
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
The continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand, four thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men (SNA.ii.437; UdA.300).
Jambudvīpa is the region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may become enlightened by being born as a human being.
It is in Jambudvīpa that one may receive the gift of Dharma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudvipa, referring to what is now the Indian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
According to a Survey, If Jains in India Go from 0.3% to 3% then we will overtake America & China.
So let’s us talk about some FACTS :
● National Avg Literacy Rate 65%, Jains Avg Literacy Rate 94%.
● Female National Avg Literacy Rate 54%, Jains Female Avg Literacy Rate 91%.
● 50% of the Total CAs are Jains.
● According to Forbes, Jains are the Wealthiest People of India & Belgium.
● Jains are 0.3% of the Indian Population but pay 24% of Income Tax. [In 2009 Jains have paid even 42% of Income Tax]
● Jains Contribute 25% towards National Development.
● 65% of Diamond & Gold business in the World are done by Jains.
● 62% Charity is done by Jains.
● 46% Stock brokers are Jains.
● 33% of the Airline Industry is controlled by Jains.
● 20% of the Pharmaceuticals & Textiles are controlled by Jains.
● Jains have the Highest Life Expectancy of 71 age.
● Out of 16,000 Gaushalas 9,600 are run by Jains.
● Alber Einstein once said that I don’t know Whether there is reincarnation or not but if it happens then I want to be a Jain.
● According to Annual Summit of World Environment Committee, Germany in 2010 “If We have to Save the Earth from Global Warming We have to Follow Jain’s Lifestyle & Principles.”
● Never plays any Minority Card like others.
● Jains are not taught how to do business, it is in our genes. [You don’t teach the child of a Lion how to hunt and in the same way Child of a Jain is also not taught how to do a Business].
● Jains are not Job Seekers, we are Job Givers.
● Lawyers, Doctors live on the sadness of others whereas CAs live on the Growth or Happiness of others. [That’s how we choose business].
● We don’t love dogs and then kill mosquitoes.
● Others are doing this Vegan- Dietician- Mind Control - Wearing Masks. Jains have been doing these for Centuries.
● We believe in Live & Let Live. [Mukesh Ambami Says Jio we say Jio & Jene do]
● We don’t believe in ‘I’. We believe in ‘US’.
● Biggest Fights happen because of You are wrong and I’m Right. Jains say you are Right & I’m also Right. (Mutual Respect).
So Why are Jains so Rich & Great ???
Reasons -
● Jains are Dynamites Not Parasites
● Succession Planning
● Supreme Wisdom (Kaivalya Gyan)
● Vow OF “AHIMSA Vrat” (No Himsa whether Mentally, Orally or Physically.)
● Life Kindness (Jiv Daya)
● Conscious Capitalism (Don’t do - Parties, Politics, Enjoyment, Clubbing, Acting)
(We do Prayer, Meditation, Spirituality, Forgiveness).
● Community is Family.
● Very High on Integrity
● Anekantavada (Mutual Respect)
● Chaturvidha Dana (4-fold charity of Food, Medicine, Protection, Knowledge).
—————4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mGwaVz7vIzE. COURAGE AND MINDFULNESS ಜೀವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಧೈರ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಜಾಗೃತಾಭಾವ.ಸಶಕ್ತ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ವಿಶ್ವದಲ್ಲಿ 365 ಹೊಸ ಅವಕಾಶಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ 365 ಹೊಸ ದಿನಗಳಿಗಾಗಿ ಸಂತೋಷ, ಕಲ್ಯಾಣ ಮತ್ತು ಶಾಂತಿಯನ್ನು ಹಾರೈಸುತ್ತೇನೆ
ಇದು ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ಎಂಬುದು ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಮೂಲಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಗ್ರೇಟರ್ ಪ್ರಬುದ್ಧ ಭಾರತದ ಪ್ರದೇಶವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಲು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುವ ಹೆಸರು. ಈ ಪದವು ದ್ವೀಪದ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಯನ್ನು ಆಧರಿಸಿದೆ, ಇದರರ್ಥ “ದ್ವೀಪ” ಅಥವಾ “ಖಂಡ” ಎಂದು ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ವಿಶ್ವರೂಪದಲ್ಲಿ.
ಜಂಬೂದ್ವೀಪ ಎಂಬ ಪದವನ್ನು ಅಶೋಕನು ತನ್ನ ಮೂಲನಿವಾಸಿಗಳ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯವನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸಲು ಬಳಸಿದನು.
https://youtu.be/4sYDFouwtwI
ಬೌದ್ಧ ವಿಶ್ವವಿಜ್ಞಾನವು ಭೂಮಂಡಲವನ್ನು (ಭೂಮಿಯ ವೃತ್ತ) ಮೂರು ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ಹಂತಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಭಜಿಸುತ್ತದೆ: ಕಾಮಧಾತು (ಆಸೆಯ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ), ರೂಪಧಾತು (ರೂಪ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ), ಮತ್ತು ಆರೂಪ್ಯಧಾತು (ರೂಪವಿಲ್ಲದ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ). ಕಾಮಧಾತುದಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಮೇರು ಪರ್ವತವಿದೆ, ಇದು ನಾಲ್ಕು ದ್ವೀಪ-ಖಂಡಗಳಿಂದ ಆವೃತವಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
“ದಕ್ಷಿಣದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ದ್ವೀಪವನ್ನು ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ”. ಸುಮೇರು ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಬೌದ್ಧ ಖಾತೆಗಳ ಇತರ ಮೂರು ಖಂಡಗಳು ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದಿಂದ ಮನುಷ್ಯರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರವೇಶಿಸಲಾಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪವು ಸ್ವಲ್ಪಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಉಪಖಂಡದಂತೆಯೇ ದಕ್ಷಿಣಕ್ಕೆ ಎದುರಾಗಿರುವ ಮೊಂಡಾದ ಬಿಂದುವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ತ್ರಿಕೋನದ ಆಕಾರದಲ್ಲಿದೆ. ಇದರ ಮಧ್ಯಭಾಗದಲ್ಲಿ ಎ
ದೈತ್ಯಾಕಾರದ ಜಂಬೂ ಮರದಿಂದ ಖಂಡವು ತನ್ನ ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ಪಡೆದುಕೊಂಡಿದೆ, ಅಂದರೆ “ಜಂಬು ದ್ವೀಪ”.
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ, ನಾಲ್ಕು ಮಹಾದೀಪಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದಾಗಿದೆ, ಅಥವಾ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಖಂಡಗಳು, ಇದು ಕ್ಯಾಕ್ಕವಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಸೇರಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಚಕ್ಕವಟ್ಟಿಯಿಂದ ಆಳಲ್ಪಡುತ್ತದೆ.
ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಸುಮೇರು ಪರ್ವತದ ಸುತ್ತ ಗುಂಪು ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಹಿಮವ ತನ್ನ ಎಂಭತ್ನಾಲ್ಕು ಸಾವಿರ ಶಿಖರಗಳು, ಅದರ ಸರೋವರಗಳು, ಪರ್ವತ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಗಳು ಇತ್ಯಾದಿಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ.
ಈ ಖಂಡವು ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಬೆಳೆಯುವ ಜಂಬೂ ಮರದಿಂದ (ನಾಗ ಎಂದೂ ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ) ಅದರ ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ಪಡೆದುಕೊಂಡಿದೆ, ಅದರ ಕಾಂಡವು ಹದಿನೈದು ಯೋಜನ ಸುತ್ತಳತೆ, ಅದರ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದ ಶಾಖೆಗಳು ಐವತ್ತು ಯೋಜನ ಉದ್ದ, ಅದರ ನೆರಳು ನೂರು ಯೋಜನ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮತ್ತು ಅದರ ಎತ್ತರ ನೂರು ಯೋಜನ.
ಈ ಮರದ ಕಾರಣದಿಂದಾಗಿ, ಜಂಬೂದೀಪವನ್ನು ಜಂಬೂಸಂದ ಎಂದೂ ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121). ಈ ಖಂಡವು ಹತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರ ಯೋಜನಗಳಷ್ಟು ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾಗಿದೆ; ಇವುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರ, ನಾಲ್ಕು ಸಾವಿರ ಸಾಗರ, ಮೂರು ಸಾವಿರ ಹಿಮಾಲಯ ಪರ್ವತಗಳು, ಮೂರು ಸಾವಿರ ಪುರುಷರು ವಾಸಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪವು ಮಾನವರು ವಾಸಿಸುವ ಪ್ರದೇಶವಾಗಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಮಾನವನಾಗಿ ಹುಟ್ಟುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಜೀವಿಯು ಜಾಗೃತಗೊಳ್ಳುವ ಏಕೈಕ ಸ್ಥಳವಾಗಿದೆ. ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಧರ್ಮದ ವರವನ್ನು ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸಬಹುದು ಮತ್ತು ನಾಲ್ಕು ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠ ಸತ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು. ಎಂಟು ಪಟ್ಟು ಮಾರ್ಗ ಮತ್ತು ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ
ಜೀವನ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾವಿನ ಚಕ್ರದಿಂದ ವಿಮೋಚನೆಯನ್ನು ಅರಿತುಕೊಳ್ಳಿ.
ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖವು ಬೌದ್ಧ ಗ್ರಂಥವಾದ ಮಹಾವಂಶದಿಂದ ಬಂದಿದೆ, ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಮಗ ಮಹಿಂದನು ಶ್ರೀಲಂಕಾದ ರಾಜ ದೇವನಂಪಿಯಾತಿಸ್ಸನಿಗೆ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದಿಂದ ತನ್ನನ್ನು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಿಕೊಂಡನು.
ಪ್ರಬುದ್ಧ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಉಪಖಂಡ. ಇದು ಮಹಾಯಾನದಲ್ಲಿನ ಕ್ಷಿತಿಗರ್ಭ ಸೂತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಆಧಾರಿತವಾಗಿದೆ.
ಭೂರಾಜಕೀಯ ಅರ್ಥದಲ್ಲಿ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ಎಂಬ ಪದವನ್ನು ಅಶೋಕನು ಬಹುಶಃ 3ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ BC ಯಲ್ಲಿ ತನ್ನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರವನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸಲು ಬಳಸಿದ್ದಾನೆ, ಅದೇ ಪರಿಭಾಷೆಯನ್ನು ನಂತರದ ಶಾಸನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಹತ್ತನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ AD ಯ ಮೈಸೂರಿಯನ್ ಶಾಸನವು ಪ್ರದೇಶವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ, ಸಂಭಾವ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಭಾರತ, ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ.
‘ಕುಂತಲ ದೇಶವು (ಮೈಸೂರಿನ ವಾಯುವ್ಯ ಭಾಗಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಬಾಂಬೆ ಪ್ರೆಸಿಡೆನ್ಸಿಯ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾಗಗಳನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತು) ನವ-ನಂದರಿಂದ ಆಳಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿತು,
ಗುಪ್ತ-ಕುಲ, ಮೌರ್ಯ ರಾಜರು; ನಂತರ ರಟ್ಟರು ಇದನ್ನು ಆಳಿದರು: ಅವರ ನಂತರ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು; ನಂತರ ಕಳಚುರ್ಯ ಕುಟುಂಬ; ಮತ್ತು ಅವರ ನಂತರ (ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ) ಬಲ್ಲಾಳರು.’ಮತ್ತೊಂದು, ಕುಬಟೂರಿನಲ್ಲಿ, ಚಂದ್ರ ಗುಪ್ತನು ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದ ಭರತ-ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ನಾಗ-ಖಂಡವನ್ನು ಆಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದನೆಂದು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ಹೇಳುತ್ತದೆ:
ಇದು ಅನೇಕ ಶಾಸನಗಳ ನಾಗರ-ಖಂಡ ಎಪ್ಪತ್ತಾಗಿದೆ, ಅದರಲ್ಲಿ ಬಂದನಿಕ್ಕೆ (ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗದ ಬಂದಳಿಕೆ) ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪಟ್ಟಣವಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ತೋರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಮತ್ತು ಮುಂದೆ, ಕೆಳಗೆ ಗಮನಿಸಬೇಕಾದ ದಾಖಲೆಯು ಕದಂಬ ರಾಜನ ಹೆಣ್ಣುಮಕ್ಕಳನ್ನು ಗುಪ್ತರಿಗೆ ವಿವಾಹವಾಗಿ ನೀಡಲಾಯಿತು ಎಂದು ಹೇಳುತ್ತದೆ.
ಮೈಸೂರು ವರದಿ
ಮೌಂಟ್ ಮೇರು (ಸುಮೇರು (ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ) ಅಥವಾ ಸಿನೆರು (ಪಾಲಿ) ಅಥವಾ ಕಾಂಗ್ರಿನ್ಬೋಕ್ ಎಂಬುದು ಬೌದ್ಧ ವಿಶ್ವವಿಜ್ಞಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ವಿಶ್ವ-ಪರ್ವತದ ಹೆಸರು.
ವ್ಯುತ್ಪತ್ತಿಯ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಪರ್ವತದ ಸರಿಯಾದ ಹೆಸರು ಮೇರು (ಪಾಲಿ ಮೇರು), ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ಅನುಮೋದಿತ ಪೂರ್ವಪ್ರತ್ಯಯ su- ಅನ್ನು ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.
ಇದರ ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾಗಿ “ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ಮೇರು” ಅಥವಾ “ಅದ್ಭುತ ಮೇರು” ಎಂಬ ಅರ್ಥ ಬರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಶಕ್ತಿಯುತವಾದ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ವಿಶ್ವ
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ (Jpn: 閻浮提 Enbudai) ನಾಲ್ಕು ಖಂಡಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದಾಗಿದೆ, ಇದು ಮೇರು ಪರ್ವತದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣಕ್ಕೆ ನೆಲೆಗೊಂಡಿದೆ.) ದಕ್ಷಿಣದಲ್ಲಿ ನೆಲೆಗೊಂಡಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಇದು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಮಾನವರ ವಾಸಸ್ಥಾನವಾಗಿದೆ.
ಇದರ ಆಕಾರವು ಟ್ರೆಪೆಜೋಡಲ್ ಅಥವಾ ಕೊಡಲಿ-ತಲೆಯ ಆಕಾರವನ್ನು ಹೋಲುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ನಾವು ವಾಸಿಸುವ ಮಾನವ ಜಗತ್ತು.
ಇದು “ಕಾರ್ಟ್ನಂತೆ” ಆಕಾರದಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ, ಅಥವಾ ದಕ್ಷಿಣಕ್ಕೆ ಎದುರಾಗಿರುವ ಬಿಂದುವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ಮೊಂಡಾದ-ಮೂಗಿನ ತ್ರಿಕೋನವಾಗಿದೆ.
(ಈ ವಿವರಣೆಯು ಬಹುಶಃ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಪ್ರಬುದ್ಧ ಭಾರತದ ಕರಾವಳಿಯ ಆಕಾರವನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿಧ್ವನಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ
ಭೂರಾಜಕೀಯ ಅರ್ಥದಲ್ಲಿ ಜಂಬೂದ್ವೀಪ
ಜಂಬೂದ್ವೀಪ ಎಂಬ ಪದವನ್ನು ಅಶೋಕನು ಬಹುಶಃ 3 ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ BC ಯಲ್ಲಿ ತನ್ನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರವನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸಲು ಬಳಸಿದ್ದಾನೆ, ನಂತರ ಅದೇ ಪರಿಭಾಷೆಯನ್ನು ನಂತರದ ಶಾಸನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಹತ್ತನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ AD ಯ ಮೈಸೂರು ಶಾಸನವು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ, ಪ್ರಾಯಶಃ ಪ್ರಬುದ್ಧ ಭಾರತವು ಜಂಬೂದ್ವೀಪ ಎಂದು.
ಕುಂತಲ ದೇಶವು (ಮೈಸೂರಿನ ವಾಯುವ್ಯ ಭಾಗಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಬಾಂಬೆ ಪ್ರೆಸಿಡೆನ್ಸಿಯ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾಗಗಳನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತು) ನವ-ನಂದ, ಗುಪ್ತ-ಕುಲ, ಮೌರ್ಯ ರಾಜರಿಂದ ಆಳಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿತು; ನಂತರ ರಟ್ಟರು ಇದನ್ನು ಆಳಿದರು : ಇವರ ನಂತರ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು; ನಂತರ ಕಳಚುರ್ಯ ಕುಟುಂಬ;
————-1.ಮತ್ತು ಅವರ ನಂತರ (ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ) ಬಲ್ಲಾಳರು.
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ) ಎಂಬುದು ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಮೂಲಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಗ್ರೇಟರ್ ಪ್ರಬುದ್ಧ ಭಾರತದ ಪ್ರದೇಶವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸಲು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಗುವ ಹೆಸರು. ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಪ್ರಬುದ್ಧ ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಶ್ವರೂಪದಲ್ಲಿ “ದ್ವೀಪ” ಅಥವಾ “ಖಂಡ” ಎಂಬ ಅರ್ಥವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ದ್ವೀಪದ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಯನ್ನು ಈ ಪದವು ಆಧರಿಸಿದೆ.
ಜಂಬೂದ್ವೀಪ ಎಂಬ ಪದವನ್ನು ಅಶೋಕನು ತನ್ನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರವನ್ನು ಮೂರನೇ ಶತಮಾನ BCE ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸಲು ಬಳಸಿದನು. ಅದೇ ಪರಿಭಾಷೆಯನ್ನು ನಂತರದ ಪಠ್ಯಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸಲಾಯಿತು, ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಹತ್ತನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ CE ಯ ಕನ್ನಡ ಶಾಸನಗಳು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶವನ್ನು ವಿವರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ, ಪ್ರಾಯಶಃ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಪ್ರಬುದ್ಧ ಭಾರತ, ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ.
ಸುಮಾರು 250 BCE (ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಿ ಲಿಪಿ) ಅಶೋಕನ ಸಹಸ್ರಮ್ ಮೈನರ್ ರಾಕ್ ಶಾಸನದಲ್ಲಿ “ಪ್ರಬುದ್ಧ ಭಾರತ” ಕ್ಕೆ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪಸಿ ಎಂಬ ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ ಹೆಸರು.
ಇದು 10,000 ಯೋಜನಗಳಷ್ಟು ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾಗಿದೆ (ವಿಭಜ್ಯವಾದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ) ಅಥವಾ 6,000 ಯೋಜನಗಳ ಪರಿಧಿಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ (ಸರ್ವಸ್ತಿವಾದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ) ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ಕೇವಲ 3 1⁄2 ಯೋಜನಗಳಷ್ಟು ಉದ್ದದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕರಾವಳಿಯನ್ನು ಸೇರಿಸಬಹುದು.
ಖಂಡದ ಮಧ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಬೆಳೆಯುವ 100 ಯೋಜನಗಳಷ್ಟು ಎತ್ತರದ ದೈತ್ಯ ಜಂಬೂ ಮರದಿಂದ (ಸೈಜಿಯಮ್ ಕ್ಯುಮಿನಿ) ಖಂಡವು ತನ್ನ ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ಪಡೆದುಕೊಂಡಿದೆ.
ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂದು ಖಂಡವು ಈ ದೈತ್ಯ ಮರಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ.
ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಜಾಗೃತ ಬುದ್ಧರು ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಣಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾರೆ
ಇಲ್ಲಿನ ಜನರು ಐದರಿಂದ ಆರು ಅಡಿ ಎತ್ತರವಿರುತ್ತಾರೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅವರ ಜೀವಿತಾವಧಿಯು 10 ರಿಂದ ಅಧಿಕಾರದ 140 ವರ್ಷಗಳು (ಅಸಾಂಕ್ಯ ಆಯು) ಮತ್ತು 10 ವರ್ಷಗಳ ನಡುವೆ ಬದಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
“ಈ ಖಂಡವು ಕಿಮೀ ಜಂಬುಬೃಕ್ಷ ಜಂಬೂ ಮರದಿಂದ ಅಲಂಕರಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿರುವುದರಿಂದ, ಇದನ್ನು ‘ಜಂಬೂ ಖಂಡ’ ಅಥವಾ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
ಜಂಬು ಮರವನ್ನು ಕೆಲವರು ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಸೇಬು ಮರ (ಯುಜೀನಿಯಾ ಜಂಬೋಲನಾ) ಎಂದು ಭಾವಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ಇತ್ತೀಚಿನ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿವೇತನವು ಇದು ವಿವಿಧ ಪ್ಲಮ್ ಆಗಿರಬಹುದು ಎಂದು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
ಆದಾಗ್ಯೂ, ದಂತಕಥೆಯು ಕೇವಲ ಒಂದು ಜಂಬು ಮರವು ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವದಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳುತ್ತದೆ, ಇದು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಗೋಚರಿಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ ಆದರೆ ಎಚ್ಚರಗೊಂಡ ಜೀವಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಮಾತ್ರ ಗೋಚರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-EeS4SrQ8kk
Gen-la Dekyong ಜೊತೆಗೆ ಸಬಲೀಕರಣ ಬೋಧನೆ
ನಾವು ಒಳಗೆ ಇದ್ದೆವು
ಶಾಶ್ವತ, ವೈಭವೀಕರಿಸಿದ, ಸ್ನೇಹಪರ, ಹಿತಚಿಂತಕ, ಸಹಾನುಭೂತಿಯುಳ್ಳ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ
ನಾವು ಒಳಗಿದ್ದೇವೆ
ಶಾಶ್ವತ, ವೈಭವೀಕರಿಸಿದ, ಸ್ನೇಹಪರ, ಹಿತಚಿಂತಕ, ಸಹಾನುಭೂತಿಯುಳ್ಳ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ
ನಾವು ಇರುವುದನ್ನು ಮುಂದುವರಿಸುತ್ತೇವೆ
ಶಾಶ್ವತ, ವೈಭವೀಕರಿಸಿದ, ಸ್ನೇಹಪರ, ಹಿತಚಿಂತಕ, ಸಹಾನುಭೂತಿಯುಳ್ಳ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪರೇಡ್ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ವಿಶ್ವ
ಎಲ್ಲರೂ ಈ ಒಳ್ಳೆಯ ಭೂಮಿಯ ಒಡೆಯರು ಎಂದು ಅರಿತಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ತರಕಾರಿಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಹಣ್ಣುಗಳನ್ನು ಬೆಳೆಯಿರಿ
ಹಸಿವನ್ನು ನೀಗಿಸಲು 🦅 ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಪಕ್ಷಿಗಳಂತೆ ಬದುಕಲು
ಸ್ವಾಭಿಮಾನದೊಂದಿಗೆ ಉತ್ತಮ ಭೂಮಿ ಮತ್ತು ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಕಾಶ.
ಬೆಳಿಗ್ಗೆ 3:45 ಕ್ಕೆ ಎದ್ದ ನಂತರ ಸ್ನಾನ ಮಾಡಿ ಮತ್ತು ಬೌದ್ಧರು ಪತಂಜಲಿ ಯೋಗದ ಧ್ಯಾನವನ್ನು ದೇಹದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಸ್ಥಾನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉಸಿರಾಡುವ ಮತ್ತು ಹೊರಹಾಕುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ.
ಬೆಳಿಗ್ಗೆ 5 ರಿಂದ 6:30 ರವರೆಗೆ ಧ್ಯಾನಸ್ಥ ಮೈಂಡ್ಫುಲ್ ಈಜು ಮಾಡಿ
ನಾವು ಒಳಗೆ ಇದ್ದೆವು
ಶಾಶ್ವತ, ವೈಭವೀಕರಿಸಿದ, ಸ್ನೇಹಪರ, ಹಿತಚಿಂತಕ, ಸಹಾನುಭೂತಿಯುಳ್ಳ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ
ನಾವು ಒಳಗಿದ್ದೇವೆ
ಶಾಶ್ವತ, ವೈಭವೀಕರಿಸಿದ, ಸ್ನೇಹಪರ, ಹಿತಚಿಂತಕ, ಸಹಾನುಭೂತಿಯುಳ್ಳ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ
ನಾವು ಇರುವುದನ್ನು ಮುಂದುವರಿಸುತ್ತೇವೆ
ಶಾಶ್ವತ, ವೈಭವೀಕರಿಸಿದ, ಸ್ನೇಹಪರ, ಹಿತಚಿಂತಕ, ಸಹಾನುಭೂತಿಯುಳ್ಳ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ
ಬೌದ್ಧ ವಿಶ್ವವಿಜ್ಞಾನವು ಭೂಮಂಡಲವನ್ನು (ಭೂಮಿಯ ವೃತ್ತ) ಮೂರು ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ಹಂತಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಭಜಿಸುತ್ತದೆ: ಕಾಮಧಾತು (ಆಸೆಯ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ), ರೂಪಧಾತು (ರೂಪ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ), ಮತ್ತು ಆರೂಪ್ಯಧಾತು (ರೂಪವಿಲ್ಲದ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ). ಕಾಮಧಾತುದಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಮೇರು ಪರ್ವತವಿದೆ, ಇದು ನಾಲ್ಕು ದ್ವೀಪ-ಖಂಡಗಳಿಂದ ಆವೃತವಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
“ದಕ್ಷಿಣದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ದ್ವೀಪವನ್ನು ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ”. ಸುಮೇರು ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಬೌದ್ಧ ಖಾತೆಗಳ ಇತರ ಮೂರು ಖಂಡಗಳು ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದಿಂದ ಮನುಷ್ಯರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರವೇಶಿಸಲಾಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪವು ಮೊಂಡಾದ ಬಿಂದುವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ತ್ರಿಕೋನದ ಆಕಾರದಲ್ಲಿದೆ
ಸ್ವಲ್ಪಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಉಪಖಂಡದಂತೆ ದಕ್ಷಿಣಕ್ಕೆ ಮುಖಮಾಡಿದೆ.
ಅದರ ಮಧ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ದೈತ್ಯಾಕಾರದ ಜಂಬೂ ಮರವಿದೆ, ಇದರಿಂದ ಖಂಡವು ತನ್ನ ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ಪಡೆದುಕೊಂಡಿದೆ, ಅಂದರೆ “ಜಂಬು ದ್ವೀಪ”.
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ, ನಾಲ್ಕು ಮಹಾದೀಪಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದಾಗಿದೆ, ಅಥವಾ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಖಂಡಗಳು, ಇದು ಕ್ಯಾಕ್ಕಾವಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಸೇರಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಆಳುತ್ತದೆ
ಚಕ್ಕವಟ್ಟಿ.
ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಸುಮೇರು ಪರ್ವತದ ಸುತ್ತ ಗುಂಪು ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಹಿಮವಿದ್ದಾಳೆ
ಅದರ ಎಂಭತ್ನಾಲ್ಕು ಸಾವಿರ ಶಿಖರಗಳು, ಅದರ ಸರೋವರಗಳು, ಪರ್ವತ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಗಳು ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ.
ಈ ಖಂಡವು ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಬೆಳೆಯುವ ಜಂಬೂ-ಮರದಿಂದ (ನಾಗ ಎಂದೂ ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ) ಅದರ ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ಪಡೆದುಕೊಂಡಿದೆ, ಅದರ ಕಾಂಡವು ಹದಿನೈದು ಯೋಜನ ಸುತ್ತಳತೆಯಲ್ಲಿದೆ,
ಅದರ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದ ಶಾಖೆಗಳು ಐವತ್ತು ಯೋಜನ ಉದ್ದ, ಅದರ ನೆರಳು ನೂರು ಯೋಜನ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮತ್ತು ನೂರು ಯೋಜನ ಎತ್ತರ (Vin.i.30;
SNA.ii.443;
ಈ ಮರದ ಕಾರಣದಿಂದ, ಜಂಬೂದೀಪವನ್ನು ಜಂಬೂಸಂದ ಎಂದೂ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
ಖಂಡವು ಹತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರ ಯೋಜನಗಳಷ್ಟು ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾಗಿದೆ; ಇವುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರ, ನಾಲ್ಕು ಸಾವಿರ ಸಾಗರ, ಮೂರು ಸಾವಿರ ಹಿಮಾಲಯ ಪರ್ವತಗಳು, ಮೂರು ಸಾವಿರ ಜನರು ವಾಸಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪವು ಮಾನವರು ವಾಸಿಸುವ ಪ್ರದೇಶವಾಗಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಜೀವಿಯು ಮನುಷ್ಯನಾಗಿ ಹುಟ್ಟುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಜ್ಞಾನೋದಯವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದುವ ಏಕೈಕ ಸ್ಥಳವಾಗಿದೆ.
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಒಬ್ಬರು ಧರ್ಮದ ಉಡುಗೊರೆಯನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯಬಹುದು ಮತ್ತು ನಾಲ್ಕು ಉದಾತ್ತ ಸತ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು, ಉದಾತ್ತ ಎಂಟು ಮಾರ್ಗಗಳನ್ನು ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು ಮತ್ತು ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ ಜೀವನ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾವಿನ ಚಕ್ರದಿಂದ ಮುಕ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಅರಿತುಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು.
ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖವು ಬೌದ್ಧ ಗ್ರಂಥವಾದ ಮಹಾವಂಶದಿಂದ ಬಂದಿದೆ, ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಮಗ ಮಹಿಂದನು ತನ್ನನ್ನು ತಾನು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾನೆ.
ಶ್ರೀಲಂಕಾದ ರಾಜ ದೇವನಂಪಿಯತಿಸ್ಸ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದಿಂದ, ಈಗ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಉಪಖಂಡವನ್ನು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ.
—————2.ಇದು ಮಹಾಯಾನದಲ್ಲಿನ ಕ್ಷಿತಿಗರ್ಭ ಸೂತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಆಧಾರಿತವಾಗಿದೆ.
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಅರ್ಥದಲ್ಲಿ ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ಎಂಬ ಪದವನ್ನು ಅಶೋಕನು ಬಹುಶಃ 3ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ BC ಯಲ್ಲಿ ತನ್ನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರವನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸಲು ಬಳಸಿದ್ದಾನೆ,
ಅದೇ ಪರಿಭಾಷೆಯನ್ನು ನಂತರದ ಶಾಸನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ
ಕ್ರಿ.ಶ. ಹತ್ತನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಮೈಸೂರಿನ ಶಾಸನವು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶವನ್ನು, ಸಂಭಾವ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಭಾರತವನ್ನು ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ಎಂದು ವಿವರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಕುಂತಲ ದೇಶ (ಮೈಸೂರಿನ ವಾಯುವ್ಯ ಭಾಗಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಬಾಂಬೆ ಪ್ರೆಸಿಡೆನ್ಸಿಯ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾಗಗಳನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತು) ನವ-ನಂದ, ಗುಪ್ತರಿಂದ ಆಳಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿತು. -ಕುಲ,ಮೌರ್ಯ ರಾಜರು
ನಂತರ ರಟ್ಟರು ಇದನ್ನು ಆಳಿದರು: ಇವರ ನಂತರ ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು; ನಂತರ
ಕಳಚುರ್ಯ ಕುಟುಂಬ; ಮತ್ತು ಅವರ ನಂತರ (ಹೊಯ್ಸಳ) ಬಲ್ಲಾಳರು.’’ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು, ಕುಬಟೂರಿನಲ್ಲಿ, ಚಂದ್ರ ಗುಪ್ತನು ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದ ಭರತ-ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ನಾಗ-ಖಂಡವನ್ನು ಆಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದನೆಂದು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ಹೇಳುತ್ತದೆ:
ಇದು ಅನೇಕ ಶಾಸನಗಳ ನಾಗರ-ಖಂಡ ಎಪ್ಪತ್ತಾಗಿದೆ, ಅದರಲ್ಲಿ ಬಂದನಿಕ್ಕೆ (ಶಿವಮೊಗ್ಗದ ಬಂದಳಿಕೆ) ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪಟ್ಟಣವಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ತೋರುತ್ತದೆ. ಮತ್ತು ಫೈದರ್, ಕೆಳಗೆ ಗಮನಿಸಬೇಕಾದ ದಾಖಲೆಯು ಕದಂಬ ರಾಜನ ಹೆಣ್ಣುಮಕ್ಕಳನ್ನು ವಿವಾಹವಾಗಿ ನೀಡಲಾಯಿತು ಎಂದು ಹೇಳುತ್ತದೆ. ಗುಪ್ತರು. ಮೈಸೂರಿನ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ವರದಿ
ಮೌಂಟ್ ಮೇರು (ಸುಮೇರು (ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ) ಅಥವಾ ಸಿನೆರು (ಪಾಲಿ) ಅಥವಾ ಕಾಂಗ್ರಿನ್ಬೋಕ್ ಎಂಬುದು ಬೌದ್ಧ ವಿಶ್ವವಿಜ್ಞಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ವಿಶ್ವ-ಪರ್ವತದ ಹೆಸರು.
ವ್ಯುತ್ಪತ್ತಿಯ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಪರ್ವತದ ಸರಿಯಾದ ಹೆಸರು ಮೇರು (ಪಾಲಿ ಮೇರು), ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ಅನುಮೋದಿತ ಪೂರ್ವಪ್ರತ್ಯಯ su- ಅನ್ನು ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ, ಇದರ ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾಗಿ “ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ಮೇರು” ಅಥವಾ
“ಅದ್ಭುತ ಮೇರು”.
ಬೌದ್ಧ ವಿಶ್ವವಿಜ್ಞಾನವು ಭೂಮಂಡಲವನ್ನು (ಭೂಮಿಯ ವೃತ್ತ) ಮೂರು ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ಹಂತಗಳಾಗಿ ವಿಭಜಿಸುತ್ತದೆ: ಕಾಮಧಾತು (ಆಕಾಂಕ್ಷೆಯ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ), ರೂಪಧಾತು (ರೂಪ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ), ಮತ್ತು ಆರೂಪ್ಯಧಾತು (ರೂಪವಿಲ್ಲದ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ). ನಾಲ್ಕು ದ್ವೀಪ-ಖಂಡಗಳು.
“ದಕ್ಷಿಣದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ದ್ವೀಪವನ್ನು ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ”. ಸುಮೇರು ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಬೌದ್ಧ ಖಾತೆಗಳ ಇತರ ಮೂರು ಖಂಡಗಳು ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದಿಂದ ಮನುಷ್ಯರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರವೇಶಿಸಲಾಗುವುದಿಲ್ಲ. ಜಂಬೂದೀಪವು ದಕ್ಷಿಣಕ್ಕೆ ಮುಖಮಾಡಿರುವ ಮೊಂಡಾದ ಬಿಂದುವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ತ್ರಿಕೋನದ ಆಕಾರದಲ್ಲಿದೆ, ಸ್ವಲ್ಪಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಬುದ್ಧ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಉಪಖಂಡದಂತೆ.
ಅದರ ಮಧ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ದೈತ್ಯಾಕಾರದ ಜಂಬೂ ಮರವಿದೆ, ಇದರಿಂದ ಖಂಡವು ತನ್ನ ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ಪಡೆದುಕೊಂಡಿದೆ, ಅಂದರೆ “ಜಂಬೂ ದ್ವೀಪ”.
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪ, ನಾಲ್ಕು ಮಹಾದೀಪಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದಾಗಿದೆ, ಅಥವಾ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಖಂಡಗಳು, ಇದು ಕ್ಯಾಕ್ಕವಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಸೇರಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಚಕ್ಕವಟ್ಟಿಯಿಂದ ಆಳಲ್ಪಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಸುಮೇರು ಪರ್ವತದ ಸುತ್ತ ಗುಂಪು ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ.
ಜಂಬೂದೀಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಹಿಮವ ತನ್ನ ಎಂಭತ್ನಾಲ್ಕು ಸಾವಿರ ಶಿಖರಗಳು, ಅದರ ಸರೋವರಗಳು, ಪರ್ವತ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಗಳು ಇತ್ಯಾದಿಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ.
ಈ ಖಂಡವು ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಬೆಳೆಯುವ ಜಂಬೂ-ಮರದಿಂದ (ನಾಗ ಎಂದೂ ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ) ಅದರ ಹೆಸರನ್ನು ಪಡೆದುಕೊಂಡಿದೆ, ಅದರ ಕಾಂಡವು ಹದಿನೈದು ಯೋಜನ ಸುತ್ತಳತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ, ಅದರ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದ ಶಾಖೆಗಳು ಐವತ್ತು ಯೋಜನಗಳಷ್ಟು ಉದ್ದವಾಗಿದೆ,
ಅದರ ನೆರಳು ನೂರು ಯೋಜನ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮತ್ತು ನೂರು ಯೋಜನ ಎತ್ತರ (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ)
ಈ ಮರದ ಕಾರಣದಿಂದ, ಜಂಬೂದೀಪವನ್ನು ಜಂಬೂಸಂದ ಎಂದೂ ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121).
ಖಂಡವು ಹತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರ ಯೋಜನಗಳಷ್ಟು ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾಗಿದೆ; ಇವುಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರ, ನಾಲ್ಕು ಸಾವಿರ ಸಾಗರದಿಂದ ಆವರಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ, ಮೂರು ಸಾವಿರ ಹಿಮಾಲಯ ಪರ್ವತಗಳು, ಮೂರು ಸಾವಿರ ಪುರುಷರು ವಾಸಿಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ (SNA.ii.437; UdA.300).
ಜಂಬೂದ್ವೀಪವು ಮಾನವರು ವಾಸಿಸುವ ಪ್ರದೇಶವಾಗಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಜೀವಿಯು ಮನುಷ್ಯನಾಗಿ ಹುಟ್ಟುವ ಮೂಲಕ ಜ್ಞಾನೋದಯವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದುವ ಏಕೈಕ ಸ್ಥಳವಾಗಿದೆ.
ಜಂಬೂದ್ವೀಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಒಬ್ಬರು ಧರ್ಮದ ಉಡುಗೊರೆಯನ್ನು ಪಡೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ ಮತ್ತು ನಾಲ್ಕು ಉದಾತ್ತ ಸತ್ಯಗಳನ್ನು ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು, ಉದಾತ್ತ ಎಂಟು ಮಾರ್ಗಗಳನ್ನು ಅರ್ಥಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು ಮತ್ತು ಅಂತಿಮವಾಗಿ ಜೀವನ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾವಿನ ಚಕ್ರದಿಂದ ವಿಮೋಚನೆಯನ್ನು ಅರಿತುಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು.
ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖವು ಬೌದ್ಧ ಗ್ರಂಥವಾದ ಮಹಾವಂಶದಿಂದ ಬಂದಿದೆ, ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಮಗ ಮಹಿಂದನು ಶ್ರೀಲಂಕಾದ ರಾಜ ದೇವನಂಪಿಯತಿಸ್ಸಗೆ ಜಂಬೂದ್ವೀಪದಿಂದ ತನ್ನನ್ನು ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾನೆ, ಈಗ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಉಪಖಂಡವನ್ನು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಇದು ಮಹಾಯಾನದಲ್ಲಿನ ಕ್ಷಿತಿಗರ್ಭ ಸೂತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಆಧಾರಿತವಾಗಿದೆ.
ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆಯ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಭಾರತದಲ್ಲಿ ಜೈನರು 0.3% ರಿಂದ 3% ಕ್ಕೆ ಹೋದರೆ ನಾವು ಅಮೆರಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ಚೀನಾವನ್ನು ಹಿಂದಿಕ್ಕುತ್ತೇವೆ.
ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ನಾವು ಕೆಲವು ಸತ್ಯಗಳ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಮಾತನಾಡೋಣ:
● ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸರಾಸರಿ ಸಾಕ್ಷರತಾ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ 65%, ಜೈನರ ಸರಾಸರಿ ಸಾಕ್ಷರತಾ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ 94%.
● ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸರಾಸರಿ ಸಾಕ್ಷರತಾ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ 54%, ಜೈನರ ಸ್ತ್ರೀ ಸರಾಸರಿ ಸಾಕ್ಷರತಾ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ 91%.
● ಒಟ್ಟು ಸಿಎಗಳಲ್ಲಿ 50% ಜೈನರು.
● ಫೋರ್ಬ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಜೈನರು ಭಾರತ ಮತ್ತು ಬೆಲ್ಜಿಯಂನ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತ ಜನರು.
● ಜೈನರು ಭಾರತೀಯ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆಯ 0.3% ಆದರೆ ಆದಾಯ ತೆರಿಗೆಯ 24% ಪಾವತಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ. [2009 ರಲ್ಲಿ ಜೈನರು ಆದಾಯ ತೆರಿಗೆಯ 42% ಅನ್ನು ಸಹ ಪಾವತಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ]
● ಜೈನರು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಗೆ 25% ಕೊಡುಗೆ ನೀಡುತ್ತಾರೆ.
● ಪ್ರಪಂಚದಲ್ಲಿ 65% ವಜ್ರ ಮತ್ತು ಚಿನ್ನದ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರವನ್ನು ಜೈನರು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ.
● 62% ದಾನವನ್ನು ಜೈನರು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ.
● 46% ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಬ್ರೋಕರ್ಗಳು ಜೈನರು.
● ವಿಮಾನಯಾನ ಉದ್ಯಮದ 33% ಜೈನರಿಂದ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಿಸಲ್ಪಡುತ್ತದೆ.
● 20% ಫಾರ್ಮಾಸ್ಯುಟಿಕಲ್ಸ್ ಮತ್ತು ಜವಳಿಗಳನ್ನು ಜೈನರು ನಿಯಂತ್ರಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ.
● ಜೈನರು 71 ವಯಸ್ಸಿನ ಅತ್ಯಧಿಕ ಜೀವಿತಾವಧಿಯನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
● 16,000 ಗೌಶಾಲಗಳಲ್ಲಿ 9,600 ಜೈನರು ನಡೆಸುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
● ಆಲ್ಬರ್ ಐನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ಒಮ್ಮೆ ಹೇಳಿದ್ದು ನನಗೆ ಪುನರ್ಜನ್ಮ ಇದೆಯೋ ಇಲ್ಲವೋ ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲ ಆದರೆ ಅದು ಸಂಭವಿಸಿದರೆ ನಾನು ಜೈನನಾಗಲು ಬಯಸುತ್ತೇನೆ.
● 2010 ರಲ್ಲಿ ಜರ್ಮನಿಯ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಿಸರ ಸಮಿತಿಯ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಶೃಂಗಸಭೆಯ ಪ್ರಕಾರ “ನಾವು ಭೂಮಿಯನ್ನು ಜಾಗತಿಕ ತಾಪಮಾನದಿಂದ ಉಳಿಸಬೇಕಾದರೆ ನಾವು ಜೈನ್ ಅವರ ಜೀವನಶೈಲಿ ಮತ್ತು ತತ್ವಗಳನ್ನು ಅನುಸರಿಸಬೇಕು.”
—————-3.● ಇತರರಂತೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಅಲ್ಪಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ಕಾರ್ಡ್ ಅನ್ನು ಎಂದಿಗೂ ಪ್ಲೇ ಮಾಡಬೇಡಿ.
● ಜೈನರಿಗೆ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಮಾಡುವುದು ಹೇಗೆಂದು ಕಲಿಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ, ಅದು ನಮ್ಮ ವಂಶವಾಹಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿದೆ. [ನೀವು ಸಿಂಹದ ಮಗುವಿಗೆ ಬೇಟೆಯಾಡುವುದನ್ನು ಕಲಿಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ ಮತ್ತು ಅದೇ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಜೈನರ ಮಗುವಿಗೆ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಮಾಡುವುದು ಹೇಗೆಂದು ಕಲಿಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ].
● ಜೈನರು ಉದ್ಯೋಗ ಹುಡುಕುವವರಲ್ಲ, ನಾವು ಉದ್ಯೋಗ ನೀಡುವವರು.
● ವಕೀಲರು, ವೈದ್ಯರು ಇತರರ ದುಃಖದ ಮೇಲೆ ಬದುಕುತ್ತಾರೆ ಆದರೆ CA ಗಳು ಇತರರ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಅಥವಾ ಸಂತೋಷದ ಮೇಲೆ ಬದುಕುತ್ತಾರೆ. [ನಾವು ವ್ಯಾಪಾರವನ್ನು ಹೇಗೆ ಆರಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತೇವೆ].
● ನಾವು ನಾಯಿಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರೀತಿಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ ಮತ್ತು ನಂತರ ಸೊಳ್ಳೆಗಳನ್ನು ಕೊಲ್ಲುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
● ಇತರರು ಇದನ್ನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ಸಸ್ಯಾಹಾರಿ- ಡಯೆಟಿಷಿಯನ್- ಮೈಂಡ್ ಕಂಟ್ರೋಲ್ - ಮಾಸ್ಕ್ ಧರಿಸುವುದು. ಶತಮಾನಗಳಿಂದ ಜೈನರು ಇದನ್ನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ.
● ನಾವು ಲೈವ್ & ಲೆಟ್ ಲೈವ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ನಂಬುತ್ತೇವೆ. [ಮುಖೇಶ್ ಅಂಬಾಮಿ ಜಿಯೋ ನಾವು ಹೇಳುತ್ತೇವೆ ಜಿಯೋ ಮತ್ತು ಜೆನೆ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ]
● ನಾವು ‘ನಾನು’ ಅನ್ನು ನಂಬುವುದಿಲ್ಲ. ನಾವು ‘ಯುಎಸ್’ ಅನ್ನು ನಂಬುತ್ತೇವೆ.
● ನೀವು ತಪ್ಪು ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೀರಿ ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಸರಿ ಎಂಬ ಕಾರಣಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಜಗಳಗಳು ಸಂಭವಿಸುತ್ತವೆ. ಜೈನರು ನೀವು ಸರಿ ಮತ್ತು ನಾನು ಕೂಡ ಸರಿ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳುತ್ತಾರೆ. (ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಗೌರವ).
ಹಾಗಾದರೆ ಜೈನರು ಏಕೆ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತರು ಮತ್ತು ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠರು ???
ಕಾರಣಗಳು -
● ಜೈನರು ಡೈನಮೈಟ್ಗಳು ಪರಾವಲಂಬಿಗಳಲ್ಲ
● ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರ ಯೋಜನೆ
● ಸರ್ವೋಚ್ಚ ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತಿಕೆ (ಕೈವಲ್ಯ ಜ್ಞಾನ)
● “ಅಹಿಂಸಾ ವ್ರತ”ದ ಪ್ರತಿಜ್ಞೆ (ಮಾನಸಿಕವಾಗಿ, ಮೌಖಿಕವಾಗಿ ಅಥವಾ ದೈಹಿಕವಾಗಿ ಯಾವುದೇ ಹಿಮ್ಸ ಇಲ್ಲ.)
● ಜೀವನ ದಯೆ (ಜೀವ್ ದಯಾ)
● ಪ್ರಜ್ಞಾಪೂರ್ವಕ ಬಂಡವಾಳಶಾಹಿ (ಮಾಡಬೇಡಿ - ಪಕ್ಷಗಳು, ರಾಜಕೀಯ, ಸಂತೋಷ, ಕ್ಲಬ್ಬಿಂಗ್, ನಟನೆ)
(ನಾವು ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆ, ಧ್ಯಾನ, ಆಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮಿಕತೆ, ಕ್ಷಮೆಯನ್ನು ಮಾಡುತ್ತೇವೆ).
● ಸಮುದಾಯವು ಕುಟುಂಬವಾಗಿದೆ.
● ಸಮಗ್ರತೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಅತಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು
● ಅನೇಕಾಂತವಾದ (ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಗೌರವ)
● ಚತುರ್ವಿಧ ದಾನ (ಆಹಾರ, ಔಷಧ, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ, ಜ್ಞಾನದ 4 ಪಟ್ಟು ದಾನ).
—————4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqlNFtzGRp4
பிரபஞ்ச சக்தி உங்களிடம் எவ்வளவு இருக்கிறது? ஒரு சின்ன டெஸ்ட் ….
ஜம்புதீபா பிரபஞ்சத்தின் அனைத்து அதிகாரம் பெற்ற மக்களுக்கு 365 புதிய வாய்ப்புகளுக்காக 365 புதிய நாட்களுக்கு மகிழ்ச்சி, நலன் மற்றும் அமைதி வாழ்த்துக்கள்
பழங்கால ஆதாரங்களில் கிரேட்டர் பிரபுத்த பாரதத்தின் பிரதேசத்தை விவரிக்க ஜம்புதீபா என்ற பெயர் அடிக்கடி பயன்படுத்தப்படுகிறது. இந்தச் சொல் த்வீபாவின் கருத்தை அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்டது, இது பண்டைய அண்டவெளியில் “தீவு” அல்லது “கண்டம்” என்று பொருள்படும்.
ஜம்புத்வீபா என்ற சொல் அசோகர் தனது பூர்வகுடிகளை பிரதிநிதித்துவப்படுத்த பயன்படுத்தினார்.
பௌத்த அண்டவியல் பூமண்டலத்தை (பூமியின் வட்டம்) மூன்று தனித்தனி நிலைகளாகப் பிரிக்கிறது: காமதாது (ஆசை சாம்ராஜ்யம்), ரூபதாது (வடிவ மண்டலம்), மற்றும் ஆருப்யதாது (வடிவமற்ற மண்டலம்). காமதாதுவில் நான்கு தீவு-கண்டங்களால் சூழப்பட்டதாகக் கூறப்படும் சுமேரு மலை அமைந்துள்ளது.
“தெற்கே உள்ள தீவு ஜம்புதீபா” என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. சுமேருவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பௌத்த கணக்குகளின் மற்ற மூன்று கண்டங்கள் ஜம்புதீபாவிலிருந்து மனிதர்களால் அணுக முடியாது.
ஜம்புதீபா ஒரு முக்கோண வடிவமானது, தெற்கு நோக்கிய ஒரு மழுங்கிய புள்ளியுடன், ஓரளவு இந்திய துணைக்கண்டத்தைப் போன்றது. அதன் மையத்தில் ஏ
“ஜம்பு தீவு” என்று பொருள்படும் பிரமாண்டமான ஜம்பு மரம்.
ஜம்புதீபா, நான்கு மகாதீபாக்களில் ஒன்று, அல்லது பெரிய கண்டங்கள், அவை காக்காவலாவில் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளன மற்றும் ஒரு காக்காவட்டியால் ஆளப்படுகின்றன.
அவை சுமேரு மலையைச் சுற்றித் தொகுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளன. ஜம்புதீபாவில் எண்பத்து நாலாயிரம் சிகரங்கள், ஏரிகள், மலைத்தொடர்கள் போன்றவற்றைக் கொண்ட ஹிமவா உள்ளது.
இந்த கண்டம் அதன் பெயரைப் பெற்றது, அங்கு வளரும் ஜம்பு-மரம் (நாகா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது), அதன் தண்டு பதினைந்து யோஜனை சுற்றளவு, அதன் கிளைகள் ஐம்பது யோஜனை நீளம், அதன் நிழல் நூறு யோஜனை அளவு மற்றும் அதன் உயரம் நூறு யோஜனை.
இந்த மரத்தின் காரணமாக, ஜம்புதீபம் ஜம்புசண்டா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. கண்டம் பத்தாயிரம் யோஜனை பரப்பளவில் உள்ளது; இவற்றில் பத்தாயிரம், நான்காயிரம் பேர் கடல், மூவாயிரம் பேர் இமயமலை, மூவாயிரம் பேர் வசிக்கின்றனர்.
ஜம்புதீபம் என்பது மனிதர்கள் வாழும் பகுதி மற்றும் மனிதனாகப் பிறந்து ஒரு உயிரினம் விழித்தெழும் ஒரே இடம். ஜம்புதீபத்தில் தான் ஒருவர் தம்மத்தின் வரத்தைப் பெற்று, நான்கு உன்னத உண்மைகளைப் புரிந்து கொள்ள முடியும். எட்டு மடங்கு பாதை மற்றும் இறுதியில்
வாழ்க்கை மற்றும் இறப்பு சுழற்சியிலிருந்து விடுதலையை உணருங்கள்.
மற்றொரு குறிப்பு பௌத்த நூலான மகாவம்சத்தில் இருந்து வருகிறது, அங்கு பேரரசர் அசோகரின் மகன் மகிந்த, ஜம்புதீபாவில் இருந்து இலங்கை மன்னன் தேவநம்பியதிஸ்ஸவிடம் தன்னை அறிமுகப்படுத்திக் கொள்கிறார், இது இப்போது உள்ளதைக் குறிப்பிடுகிறது.
பிரபுத்த பாரத துணைக்கண்டம். இது மகாயானத்தில் உள்ள க்ஷிதிகர்ப சூத்திரத்தில் அடிப்படையாக கொண்டது.
புவிசார் அரசியல் அர்த்தத்தில் ஜம்புதீபா
ஜம்புதீபா என்ற சொல் அசோகர் கிமு 3 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் தனது சாம்ராஜ்யத்தைக் குறிக்கப் பயன்படுத்தியிருக்கலாம், அதே சொற்கள் அடுத்தடுத்த கல்வெட்டுகளில் மீண்டும் மீண்டும் கூறப்படுகின்றன.
உதாரணமாக, கி.பி. பத்தாம் நூற்றாண்டைச் சேர்ந்த மைசூர் கல்வெட்டு, இப்பகுதியை, மறைமுகமாக இந்தியா, ஜம்புதீபா என்று விவரிக்கிறது.
குந்தல நாடு (மைசூரின் வடமேற்கு பகுதிகள் மற்றும் பம்பாய் பிரசிடென்சியின் தெற்கு பகுதிகளை உள்ளடக்கியது) நவ-நந்தாவால் ஆளப்பட்டது,
குப்த-குல, மௌரிய மன்னர்கள் ;பின் ரட்டாக்கள் அதை ஆட்சி செய்தனர்: அவர்களுக்குப் பிறகு சாளுக்கியர்கள்; பிறகு காலச்சுரியா குடும்பம்; அவர்களுக்குப் பிறகு (ஹொய்சாள) பல்லாலர்கள்.’மற்றொன்று, குபத்தூரில், ஜம்புதீபாவின் பாரத-க்ஷேத்திரத்தின் தெற்கில் உள்ள நாக-கண்டத்தை சந்திர குப்தர் ஆண்டதாக வெளிப்படையாகக் கூறுகிறார்:
பல கல்வெட்டுகளில் இது நாகர-கண்ட எழுபது ஆகும், இதில் பண்டானிக்கே (ஷிமோகாவில் உள்ள பந்தலிகே) முக்கிய நகரமாக இருந்ததாகத் தெரிகிறது.
மேலும், கீழே கவனிக்க வேண்டிய ஒரு பதிவு, கடம்ப மன்னரின் மகள்கள் குப்தர்களுக்கு திருமணம் செய்து வைக்கப்பட்டதாக கூறுகிறது.
மைசூர் அறிக்கை
மவுண்ட் மேரு (சுமேரு (சமஸ்கிருதம்) அல்லது சினேரு (பாலி) அல்லது காங்ரின்போகே) என்பது பௌத்த அண்டவியலில் மத்திய உலக மலையின் பெயர்.
சொற்பிறப்பியல் ரீதியாக, மலையின் சரியான பெயர் மேரு (பாலி மேரு), இதில் சு-,
இதன் விளைவாக “சிறந்த மேரு” அல்லது “அற்புதமான மேரு” என்று பொருள்.
வலுவூட்டப்பட்ட ஜம்புதிபா பிரபஞ்சம்
ஜம்புதீபா நான்கு கண்டங்களில் ஒன்றாகும், இது மேரு மலையின் தெற்கே அமைந்துள்ளது.) தெற்கில் அமைந்துள்ளது மற்றும் சாதாரண மனிதர்களின் வசிப்பிடமாகும்.
அதன் வடிவம் ட்ரெப்சாய்டல் அல்லது கோடாரி-தலையின் வடிவத்தை ஒத்திருக்கிறது. இது நாம் வாழும் மனித உலகம்.
இது “வண்டி போன்ற வடிவில்” அல்லது தெற்கு நோக்கிய புள்ளியுடன் கூடிய மழுங்கிய மூக்கு முக்கோண வடிவில் இருப்பதாக கூறப்படுகிறது.
(இந்த விளக்கம் தெற்கு பிரபுத்த பாரதத்தின் கடற்கரையின் வடிவத்தை எதிரொலிக்கிறது.
கர்நாடகா
புவிசார் அரசியல் அர்த்தத்தில் ஜம்புத்வீபா
ஜம்புத்வீபா என்ற சொல் அசோகரால் கிமு 3 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் தனது சாம்ராஜ்யத்தை பிரதிநிதித்துவப்படுத்த பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது, அதே சொற்களஞ்சியம் பின்னர் அடுத்தடுத்த கல்வெட்டுகளில் மீண்டும் மீண்டும் வருகிறது, உதாரணமாக கி.பி பத்தாம் நூற்றாண்டைச் சேர்ந்த மைசூர் கல்வெட்டு, இது பிராந்தியத்தை விவரிக்கிறது, பிரபுத்த பாரதம் ஜம்புத்வீபாவாக இருக்கலாம்.
குந்தள நாடு (மைசூரின் வடமேற்குப் பகுதிகள் மற்றும் பம்பாய் மாகாணத்தின் தெற்குப் பகுதிகளை உள்ளடக்கியது) நவ-நந்தா, குப்த-குல, மௌரிய அரசர்களால் ஆளப்பட்டது; பின்னர் ராட்டாக்கள் அதை ஆட்சி செய்தனர்: அவர்களுக்குப் பிறகு சாளுக்கியர்கள்; பிறகு காலச்சுரியா குடும்பம்;
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அவர்களுக்குப் பிறகு (ஹொய்சாள) பல்லாலர்கள்.
ஜம்புதீபா) என்பது பண்டைய இந்திய ஆதாரங்களில் கிரேட்டர் பிரபுத்த பாரதத்தின் பிரதேசத்தை விவரிக்க அடிக்கடி பயன்படுத்தப்படும் பெயர். பண்டைய பிரபுத்த பாரத பிரபஞ்சத்தில் “தீவு” அல்லது “கண்டம்” என்று பொருள்படும் த்வீபா என்ற கருத்தை அடிப்படையாகக் கொண்டது.
ஜம்புத்வீபா என்ற சொல் அசோகர் தனது சாம்ராஜ்யத்தை கி.மு. மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டில் பிரதிநிதித்துவப்படுத்த பயன்படுத்தினார். அதே சொற்களஞ்சியம் அடுத்தடுத்த நூல்களிலும் பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது, உதாரணமாக பத்தாம் நூற்றாண்டிலிருந்து கன்னட கல்வெட்டுகள் இப்பகுதியை விவரித்தன, இது பண்டைய பிரபுத்த பாரதம், ஜம்புதீபா என்றும்
சுமார் 250 BCE (பிராமி எழுத்து) அசோகரின் சஹஸ்ரம் மைனர் ராக் ஆணைகளில் “பிரபுத்த பாரதம்” என்பதன் பிராகிருத பெயர் ஜம்புதீபசி.
இது 10,000 யோஜனை அளவு (விபஜ்யவாத பாரம்பரியம்) அல்லது 6,000 யோஜனை சுற்றளவு கொண்டது (சர்வஸ்திவாதா பாரம்பரியம்) அதனுடன் 3 1⁄2 யோஜனை நீளமுள்ள தெற்கு கடற்கரையை சேர்க்கலாம்.
கண்டத்தின் நடுவில் வளரும் 100 யோஜனைகள் உயரமுள்ள மாபெரும் ஜம்பு மரத்திலிருந்து (சிஜிஜியம் குமினி) கண்டம் அதன் பெயரைப் பெற்றது.
ஒவ்வொரு கண்டத்திலும் இந்த மாபெரும் மரங்களில் ஒன்று உள்ளது.
அனைத்து விழித்திருக்கும் புத்தர்களும் ஜம்புதீபாவில் தோன்றுகிறார்கள்
இங்குள்ள மக்கள் ஐந்து முதல் ஆறு அடி உயரம் கொண்டவர்கள் மற்றும் அவர்களின் ஆயுட்காலம் 10 முதல் அதிகாரம் 140 ஆண்டுகள் (அசங்க்யா ஆயு) மற்றும் 10 ஆண்டுகள் வரை மாறுபடும்.
“இந்தக் கண்டம் ஒரு கிமீ ஜம்புப்ரிக்ஷா ஜம்பு மரத்தால் அலங்கரிக்கப்பட்டிருப்பதால், இது ‘ஜம்பு கண்டம்’ அல்லது ஜம்புதீபா என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது.
ஜம்பு மரம் ரோஜா-ஆப்பிள் மரம் (யூஜீனியா ஜம்போலானா) என்று சிலரால் கருதப்படுகிறது.
மிக சமீபத்திய உதவித்தொகை இது பல்வேறு பிளம்களாக இருக்கலாம் என்று கூறுகிறது.
இருப்பினும், ஒரே ஒரு ஜம்பு மரம் மட்டுமே உள்ளது, இது சாதாரண மனிதர்களுக்குத் தெரியாது, ஆனால் விழித்திருக்கும் உயிரினங்களுக்கு மட்டுமே தெரியும்.
நாங்கள் உள்ளே இருந்தோம்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள ஜம்புதீபா
நாங்கள் உள்ளே இருக்கிறோம்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, கருணையுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள ஜம்புதீபா
நாங்கள் தொடர்ந்து உள்ளே இருக்கிறோம்
நித்தியமான, புகழப்பட்ட, நட்பான, நற்குணமுள்ள, இரக்கமுள்ள ஜம்பூதிபரேட் ஜம்புதீபா பிரபஞ்சம்
எல்லோரும் இந்த நல்ல பூமிக்கு சொந்தக்காரர்கள் என்பதை அறிவார்கள். எனவே காய்கறிகள் மற்றும் பழங்கள் வளர்க்கவும் 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🧅 🥗 🥒🌽 🌵 🍍 🍊 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍒 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝 🥝
பசியை போக்க சுதந்திர பறவைகள் போல் வாழ
சுய மரியாதையுடன் நல்ல பூமி மற்றும் விண்வெளி.
அதிகாலை 3:45 மணிக்கு எழுந்து குளித்து, புத்த மதத்தினர் பதஞ்சலி யோக தியானத்தை உடலின் எல்லா நிலைகளிலும் உள்ளிழுத்து வெளிவிடவும்.
காலை 5 மணி முதல் 6:30 மணி வரை தியான மனதுடன் நீச்சல் செய்யுங்கள்
பௌத்த அண்டவியல் பூமண்டலத்தை (பூமியின் வட்டம்) மூன்று தனித்தனி நிலைகளாகப் பிரிக்கிறது: காமதாது (ஆசை சாம்ராஜ்யம்), ரூபதாது (வடிவ மண்டலம்), மற்றும் ஆருப்யதாது (வடிவமற்ற மண்டலம்). காமதாதுவில் நான்கு தீவு-கண்டங்களால் சூழப்பட்டதாகக் கூறப்படும் சுமேரு மலை அமைந்துள்ளது.
“தெற்கே உள்ள தீவு ஜம்புதீபா” என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது. சுமேருவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பௌத்த கணக்குகளின் மற்ற மூன்று கண்டங்கள் ஜம்புதீபாவிலிருந்து மனிதர்களால் அணுக முடியாது.
ஜம்புதீபம் மழுங்கிய புள்ளியுடன் ஒரு முக்கோண வடிவில் உள்ளது
தெற்கு நோக்கி, இந்திய துணைக்கண்டம் போன்றது.
அதன் மையத்தில் ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டமான ஜம்பு மரம் உள்ளது, அதில் இருந்து கண்டம் அதன் பெயரைப் பெற்றது, அதாவது “ஜம்பு தீவு”.
ஜம்புதீபா, நான்கு மகாதீபாக்களில் ஒன்று, அல்லது பெரிய கண்டங்கள், அவை காக்காவலாவில் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளன, மேலும் அவை ஆளப்படுகின்றன.
காக்காவட்டி.
அவை சுமேரு மலையைச் சுற்றி குழுவாக உள்ளன. ஜம்புதீபத்தில் ஹிமவா இருக்கிறாள்
அதன் எண்பத்து நான்காயிரம் சிகரங்கள், அதன் ஏரிகள், மலைத்தொடர்கள் முதலியன.
இந்த கண்டம் அதன் பெயர் ஜம்பு-மரம் (நாகா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது) அங்கு வளரும், அதன் தண்டு பதினைந்து யோஜனை சுற்றளவு,
அதன் பரந்த கிளைகள் ஐம்பது யோஜனை நீளம், அதன் நிழல் நூறு யோஜனை அளவு மற்றும் அதன் உயரம் நூறு யோஜனை
இந்த மரத்தினால் ஜம்புதீபம் ஜம்புசண்டா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது
கண்டம் பத்தாயிரம் யோஜனைகள்; இதில் பத்தாயிரம், நான்காயிரம் பேர் கடல், மூவாயிரம் பேர் இமயமலை, மூவாயிரம் பேர் வசிக்கின்றனர்.
ஜம்புதீபம் என்பது மனிதர்கள் வாழும் பகுதி மற்றும் ஒரு உயிரினம் மனிதனாகப் பிறந்ததன் மூலம் ஞானம் பெறக்கூடிய ஒரே இடம்.
ஜம்பூதீபத்தில் தான் ஒருவர் தர்மத்தின் வரத்தைப் பெற்று, நான்கு உன்னத உண்மைகள், உன்னத எட்டு மடங்கு பாதையைப் புரிந்துகொண்டு இறுதியில் வாழ்க்கை மற்றும் இறப்பு சுழற்சியிலிருந்து விடுதலையை உணர முடியும்.
மற்றொரு குறிப்பு பௌத்த நூலான மகாவம்சத்தில் இருந்து வருகிறது, அங்கு பேரரசர் அசோகரின் மகன் மகிந்த தன்னை அறிமுகப்படுத்துகிறார்.
ஜம்புதீபாவைச் சேர்ந்த இலங்கை மன்னன் தேவநம்பியதிஸ்ஸ, இப்போது இந்தியத் துணைக்கண்டமாக இருப்பதைக் குறிப்பிடுகிறார்.
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இது மகாயானத்தில் உள்ள க்ஷிதிகர்ப சூத்திரத்தில் அடிப்படையாக கொண்டது.
புவிசார் அரசியல் அர்த்தத்தில் ஜம்புதீபா என்ற சொல் அசோகரால் கிமு 3 ஆம் நூற்றாண்டில் அவரது சாம்ராஜ்யத்தை பிரதிநிதித்துவப்படுத்த பயன்படுத்தப்பட்டது.
அதே சொற்களஞ்சியம் பின்னர் அடுத்தடுத்த கல்வெட்டுகளில் மீண்டும் மீண்டும் வருகிறது
கி.பி. பத்தாம் நூற்றாண்டைச் சேர்ந்த மைசூர் கல்வெட்டு, இப்பகுதியை, மறைமுகமாக இந்தியா, ஜம்புதீபா என்றும் விவரிக்கிறது. குந்தல நாடு (மைசூரின் வடமேற்கு பகுதிகள் மற்றும் பம்பாய் பிரசிடென்சியின் தெற்கு பகுதிகளை உள்ளடக்கியது) நவ-நந்தா, குப்தா ஆகியோரால் ஆளப்பட்டது. -குல,மௌரிய மன்னர்கள்
பின்னர் ரட்டாக்கள் அதை ஆண்டனர் :அவருக்குப் பிறகு சாளுக்கியர்கள்; பின்னர் தி
கலச்சூர்யா குடும்பம்; அவர்களுக்குப் பிறகு (ஹொய்சாள) பல்லாலர்கள்.'’ மற்றொருவர், குபத்தூரில், ஜம்புதீபாவின் பாரத-க்ஷேத்திரத்தின் தெற்கில் உள்ள நாக-கண்டத்தை சந்திர குப்தர் ஆண்டதாக வெளிப்படையாகக் கூறுகிறார்:
இது பல கல்வெட்டுகளின் நாகர-கண்ட எழுபது ஆகும், இதில் பண்டானிக்கே (ஷிமோகாவில் உள்ள பந்தலிகே) முக்கிய நகரமாக இருந்ததாகத் தெரிகிறது. மேலும், கீழே கவனிக்க வேண்டிய ஒரு பதிவு, கடம்ப மன்னனின் மகள்கள் திருமணம் செய்து வைக்கப்பட்டதாகக் கூறுகிறது. குப்தர்கள். மைசூர் ஆண்டறிக்கை
மவுண்ட் மேரு (சுமேரு (சமஸ்கிருதம்) அல்லது சினேரு (பாலி) அல்லது காங்ரின்போகே) என்பது புத்த அண்டவியலில் மத்திய உலக மலையின் பெயர்.
சொற்பிறப்பியல் ரீதியாக, மலையின் சரியான பெயர் மேரு (பாலி மேரு) ஆகும், இதில் சு- என்ற ஏற்பு முன்னொட்டு சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளது, இதன் விளைவாக “சிறந்த மேரு” அல்லது
“அற்புதமான மேரு”.
பௌத்த அண்டவியல் பூமண்டலத்தை (பூமியின் வட்டம்) மூன்று தனித்தனி நிலைகளாகப் பிரிக்கிறது: காமதாது (ஆசை சாம்ராஜ்யம்), ரூபதாது (வடிவ மண்டலம்), & ஆருப்யதாது (உருவமற்ற பகுதி). நான்கு தீவு-கண்டங்கள்.
“தெற்கே உள்ள தீவு ஜம்புதீபா என்று அழைக்கப்படுகிறது”. சுமேருவைச் சுற்றியுள்ள பௌத்த கணக்குகளின் மற்ற மூன்று கண்டங்கள் ஜம்புதீபாவிலிருந்து மனிதர்களால் அணுக முடியாது. ஜம்புதீபா ஒரு முக்கோண வடிவில் தெற்கே நோக்கிய ஒரு மழுங்கிய புள்ளியுடன், ஓரளவு பிரபுத்த பாரதத்தின் துணைக்கண்டத்தைப் போன்றது.
அதன் மையத்தில் ஒரு பிரம்மாண்டமான ஜம்பு மரம் உள்ளது, அதில் இருந்து கண்டம் அதன் பெயரைப் பெற்றது, அதாவது “ஜம்பு தீவு”.
ஜம்புதீபா, நான்கு மகாதீபாக்களில் ஒன்று, அல்லது பெரிய கண்டங்கள், அவை காக்காவலாவில் சேர்க்கப்பட்டுள்ளன மற்றும் ஒரு காக்காவட்டியால் ஆளப்படுகின்றன. அவை சுமேரு மலையைச் சுற்றி குழுவாக உள்ளன.
ஜம்புதீபத்தில் எண்பத்து நாலாயிரம் சிகரங்கள், ஏரிகள், மலைத்தொடர்கள் போன்றவற்றைக் கொண்ட ஹிமவா உள்ளது.
இந்த கண்டம் அதன் பெயரைப் பெற்றது, அங்கு வளரும் ஜம்பு-மரம் (நாகா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது), அதன் தண்டு பதினைந்து யோஜனை சுற்றளவு, அதன் கிளைகள் ஐம்பது யோஜனை நீளம், பரந்து விரிந்து கிடக்கிறது.
அதன் நிழல் நூறு யோஜனை அளவு மற்றும் அதன் உயரம் நூறு யோஜனைகள்
இந்த மரத்தினால் ஜம்புதீபம் ஜம்புசண்டா என்றும் அழைக்கப்படுகிறது
கண்டம் பத்தாயிரம் யோஜனைகள்; இவற்றில் பத்தாயிரம், நான்காயிரம் கடல்களால் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளது, மூவாயிரம் பேர் இமயமலையால் சூழப்பட்டுள்ளனர், மூவாயிரம் பேர் வசிக்கின்றனர்.
ஜம்புத்வீபம் என்பது மனிதர்கள் வாழும் பகுதி மற்றும் ஒரு உயிரினம் மனிதனாக பிறந்ததன் மூலம் ஞானம் பெறக்கூடிய ஒரே இடம்.
ஜம்புத்வீபத்தில் தான் ஒருவர் தர்மத்தின் வரத்தைப் பெற்று, நான்கு உன்னத உண்மைகள், உன்னத எட்டு மடங்கு பாதையைப் புரிந்துகொண்டு இறுதியில் வாழ்க்கை மற்றும் இறப்பு சுழற்சியிலிருந்து விடுதலையை உணர முடியும்.
மற்றொரு குறிப்பு பௌத்த நூலான மகாவம்சத்தில் இருந்து வருகிறது, அங்கு பேரரசர் அசோகரின் மகன் மகிந்த, ஜம்புத்விபாவில் இருந்து இலங்கை மன்னரான தேவநம்பியதிஸ்ஸவிடம் தன்னை அறிமுகப்படுத்திக் கொள்கிறார், இது இப்போது இந்திய துணைக்கண்டம் என்று குறிப்பிடுகிறது. இது மகாயானத்தில் உள்ள க்ஷிதிகர்ப சூத்திரத்தில் அடிப்படையாக கொண்டது.
ஒரு கணக்கெடுப்பின்படி, இந்தியாவில் ஜெயின்கள் 0.3% லிருந்து 3% ஆக இருந்தால், நாம் அமெரிக்கா & சீனாவை முந்துவோம்.
எனவே சில உண்மைகளைப் பற்றி பேசலாம்:
● தேசிய சராசரி எழுத்தறிவு விகிதம் 65%, ஜெயின்களின் சராசரி எழுத்தறிவு விகிதம் 94%.
● பெண் தேசிய சராசரி எழுத்தறிவு விகிதம் 54%, ஜெயின் பெண்களின் சராசரி எழுத்தறிவு விகிதம் 91%.
● மொத்த CAக்களில் 50% ஜெயின்கள்.
● ஃபோர்ப்ஸின் கூற்றுப்படி, இந்தியா மற்றும் பெல்ஜியத்தின் செல்வந்தர்கள் ஜெயின்கள்.
● ஜைனர்கள் இந்திய மக்கள் தொகையில் 0.3% ஆனால் வருமான வரியில் 24% செலுத்துகிறார்கள். [2009 இல் ஜெயின்கள் வருமான வரியில் 42% கூட செலுத்தியுள்ளனர்]
● ஜைனர்கள் தேசிய வளர்ச்சிக்கு 25% பங்களிப்பு செய்கிறார்கள்.
● உலகில் வைரம் மற்றும் தங்க வணிகத்தில் 65% ஜைனர்களால் செய்யப்படுகிறது.
● 62% தொண்டு ஜெயின்களால் செய்யப்படுகிறது.
● 46% பங்கு தரகர்கள் ஜைனர்கள்.
● விமானத் துறையில் 33% ஜெயின்களால் கட்டுப்படுத்தப்படுகிறது.
● 20% மருந்துகள் மற்றும் ஜவுளிகள் ஜெயின்களால் கட்டுப்படுத்தப்படுகின்றன.
● ஜைனர்கள் 71 வயதிற்கு மேற்பட்ட ஆயுட்காலம் கொண்டவர்கள்.
● 16,000 கௌஷாலாக்களில் 9,600 ஜெயின்களால் நடத்தப்படுகின்றன.
● ஆல்பர் ஐன்ஸ்டீன் ஒருமுறை கூறினார், மறுபிறவி இருக்கிறதா இல்லையா என்பது எனக்குத் தெரியாது, ஆனால் அது நடந்தால் நான் ஒரு ஜெயின் ஆக விரும்புகிறேன்.
● 2010 ஆம் ஆண்டு ஜெர்மனியின் உலக சுற்றுச்சூழல் குழுவின் வருடாந்திர உச்சி மாநாட்டின்படி, “புவி வெப்பமடைதலில் இருந்து பூமியைக் காப்பாற்ற வேண்டுமானால், நாம் ஜெயின் வாழ்க்கை முறை மற்றும் கொள்கைகளைப் பின்பற்ற வேண்டும்.”
—————-3
● மற்றவர்களைப் போல் எந்த சிறுபான்மை அட்டையையும் விளையாட வேண்டாம்.
● ஜைனர்களுக்கு வியாபாரம் செய்வது எப்படி என்று கற்றுத்தரப்படவில்லை, அது நமது மரபணுக்களில் உள்ளது. [சிங்கத்தின் பிள்ளைக்கு வேட்டையாடுவது எப்படி என்று நீங்கள் கற்றுக்கொடுக்கவில்லை, அதே போல் சமண சமயத்தினரின் குழந்தைக்கும் வியாபாரம் செய்வது எப்படி என்று கற்பிக்கப்படவில்லை].
● ஜெயின்கள் வேலை தேடுபவர்கள் அல்ல, நாங்கள் வேலை கொடுப்பவர்கள்.
● வழக்கறிஞர்கள், மருத்துவர்கள் மற்றவர்களின் சோகத்தில் வாழ்கிறார்கள், அதேசமயம் CAக்கள் மற்றவர்களின் வளர்ச்சி அல்லது மகிழ்ச்சியில் வாழ்கின்றனர். [அப்படித்தான் நாங்கள் வணிகத்தைத் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கிறோம்].
● நாங்கள் நாய்களை நேசிப்பதில்லை, பின்னர் கொசுக்களை கொல்ல மாட்டோம்.
● மற்றவர்கள் இதைச் செய்கிறார்கள் சைவ உணவியல் நிபுணர்- மனதைக் கட்டுப்படுத்துதல் - முகமூடி அணிதல். ஜைனர்கள் பல நூற்றாண்டுகளாக இதை செய்து வருகின்றனர்.
● நாங்கள் வாழவும் வாழவும் நம்புகிறோம். [முகேஷ் அம்பாமி ஜியோவை நாங்கள் ஜியோ & ஜீன் செய்கிறோம் என்கிறார்]
● ‘நான்’ என்பதில் எங்களுக்கு நம்பிக்கை இல்லை. நாங்கள் ‘அமெரிக்காவை’ நம்புகிறோம்.
● நீங்கள் சொல்வது தவறு, நான் சொல்வது சரி என்பதற்காகவே மிகப்பெரிய சண்டைகள் நடக்கின்றன. நீங்கள் சொல்வது சரிதான், நானும் சரிதான் என்று ஜெயின்கள் சொல்கிறார்கள். (பரஸ்பர மரியாதை).
அப்படியானால் ஏன் ஜைனர்கள் மிகவும் பணக்காரர்களாகவும் பெரியவர்களாகவும் இருக்கிறார்கள் ???
காரணங்கள் -
● சமணர்கள் டைனமைட்டுகள் அல்ல ஒட்டுண்ணிகள்
● வாரிசு திட்டமிடல்
● உச்ச ஞானம் (கைவல்ய ஞானம்)
● “அஹிம்சா விரதம்” (மன ரீதியாகவோ, வாய்மொழியாகவோ அல்லது உடல் ரீதியாகவோ ஹிம்சை இல்லை.)
● வாழ்க்கை கருணை (ஜிவ் தயா)
● நனவான முதலாளித்துவம் (செய்யாதே -கட்சிகள், அரசியல், மகிழ்ச்சி, கிளப்பிங், நடிப்பு)
(நாங்கள் பிரார்த்தனை, தியானம், ஆன்மீகம், மன்னிப்பு) செய்கிறோம்.
● சமூகமே குடும்பம்.
● நேர்மையில் மிக உயர்ந்தது
● அனேகண்டவாடா (பரஸ்பர மரியாதை)
● சதுர்விதா தானம் (உணவு, மருத்துவம், பாதுகாப்பு, அறிவு ஆகிய நான்கு மடங்கு தொண்டு).
—————4
Lesson 4677 Fri 13 Jan 2023 Happy Birthday to VINAY and all those who are born on 12 JanuaryMay all be happy well and secure May all live long at least for 150 years with NAD Pills May all have calm, quiet, alert, attentive and Equanimity Mind with a clear understanding that everything is changing! EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAV DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
Vinaya means Discipline
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Wise,Intelligent people of All Major religions in the world of ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE say Jo Jamin Sarkari Hai Woh Jamin Mae Tharkari Ho growing vegetables & Fruits🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🧅 🍄 🥗 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵 🍈 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱in pots 🪴 which tastes the same for all including haters
After getting up at 3:45 AM take bath🧼 and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body. Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
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image.pngimage.pngimage.pngimage.pnghttps://www.abuddhistlibrary.com/…/1_%20Understanding…
1
Understanding
the Law of Kamma
Kamma as a law of nature
Buddhism teaches that all things, both material and immaterial, are entirely subject to the direction of causes and are interdependent. This natural course of things is called in common terms “the law of nature,” and in the Pali language niyama, literally meaning “certainty” or “fixed way,” referring to the fact that specific determinants inevitably lead to corresponding results.
The laws of nature, although uniformly based on the principle of causal dependence, can nevertheless be sorted into different modes of relationship. The Buddhist commentaries describe five categories of natural law, or niyama. They are:
1. Utuniyama: the natural law pertaining to physical objects and changes in the natural environment, such as the weather; the way flowers bloom in the day and fold up at night; the way soil, water and nutrients help a tree to grow; and the way things disintegrate and decompose. This perspective emphasizes the changes brought about by heat or temperature.
2. Bijaniyama: the natural law pertaining to heredity, which is best described in the adage, “as the seed, so the fruit.”
3. Cittaniyama: the natural law pertaining to the workings of the mind, the process of cognition of sense objects and the mental reactions to them.
4. Kammaniyama: the natural law pertaining to human behavior, the process of the generation of action and its results. In essence, this is summarized in the words, “good deeds bring good results, bad deeds bring bad results.”
5. Dhammaniyama: the natural law governing the relationship and interdependence of all things: the way all things arise, exist and then cease. All conditions are subject to change, are in a state of affliction and are not self: this is the Norm.
The first four niyama are contained within, or based on, the fifth one, Dhammaniyama, the Law of Dhamma, or the Law of Nature. It may be questioned why Dhammaniyama, being as it were the totality, is also included within the subdivisions. This is because this fourfold categorization does not cover the entire extent of Dhammaniyama.
To illustrate: the population of Thailand can be sorted into different categories, such as the royalty, the government, public servants, merchants and the populace; or it may be categorized as the police, military, public servants, students and the populace; or it can be divided up in a number of other ways. Actually, the words “the populace” include all the other groupings in the country. Public servants, householders, police, the military, merchants and students are all equally members of the populace, but they are singled out because each of those groups has its own unique characteristics. Those people without any relevant feature particular to them are grouped under the general heading, “the populace.” Moreover, although those groupings may change according to their particular design, they will always include the word “the populace,” or “the people,” or a similar generic term. The inclusion of Dhammaniyama in the five niyama should be understood in this way.
Whether or not these five natural laws are complete and all-inclusive is not important. The commentators have detailed the five groupings relevant to their needs, and any other groupings can be included under the fifth one, Dhammaniyama, in the same way as in the example above. The important point to bear in mind is the commentators’ design in pointing out these five niyama. In this connection three points may be mentioned:
Firstly, this teaching highlights the Buddhist perspective, which sees the course of things as subject to causes and conditions. No matter how minutely this law is analyzed, we see only the workings of the Norm, or the state of interdependence. A knowledge of this truth allows us to learn, live and practice with a clear and firm understanding of the way things are. It conclusively eliminates the problem of trying to answer questions of a Creator God with the power to divert the flow of the Norm (unless that God becomes one of the determining factors within the flow). When challenged with such misleading questions as, “Without a being to create these laws, how can they come to be?” we need only reflect that if left to themselves, all things must function in some way or other, and this is the way they function. It is impossible for them to function any other way. Human beings, observing and studying this state of things, then proceed to call it a “law.” But whether it is called a law or not does not change its actual operation.
Secondly, when we analyze events, we must not reduce them entirely to single laws. In actual fact, one and the same event in nature may arise from any one of these laws, or a combination of them. For example, the blooming of the lotus in the day time and its folding up at night are not the effects of utuniyama (physical laws) alone, but are also subject to bijaniyama (heredity). When a person sheds tears it may be due largely to the effects of cittaniyama, as with happy or sad mental states, or it could be the workings of utuniyama, such as when smoke gets in the eyes.
Thirdly, and most importantly, here the commentators are showing us that the law of kamma is just one of a number of natural laws. The fact that it is given as only one among five different laws reminds us that not all events are the workings of kamma. We might say that kamma is that force which directs human society, or decides the values within it. Although it is simply one type of natural law, it is the most important one for us as human beings, because it is our particular responsibility. We are creators of kamma, and kamma in return shapes the fortunes and conditions of our lives.
Most people tend to perceive the world as partly in the control of nature, partly in the control of human beings. In this model, kammaniyama is the human responsibility, while the other niyama are entirely nature’s domain.
Within the workings of kammaniyama, the factor of intention or volition is crucial. Thus, the law of kamma is the law which governs the workings of volition, or the world of intentional human thought and action. Whether or not we deal with other niyama, we must deal with the law of kamma, and our dealings with other niyama are inevitably influenced by it. The law of kamma is thus of prime importance in regulating the extent to which we are able to create and control the things around us.
Correctly speaking, we could say that the human capacity to enter into and become a factor within the natural cause and effect process, which in turn gives rise to the impression that we are able to control and manipulate nature, is all due to this law of kamma. In scientific and technological areas, for example, we interact with the other niyama, or natural laws, by studying their truths and acting upon them in conformity with their nature, creating the impression that we are able to manipulate and control the natural world.
In addition to this, our volition or intention shapes our social and personal relationships, as well as our interactions with other things in the environment around us. Through volition, we shape our own personalities and our life-styles, social positions and fortunes. It is because the law of kamma governs our entire volitional and creative world that the Buddha’s teaching greatly stresses its importance in the phrase: Kammuna vattati loko: The world is directed by kamma.[1]*
The law of kamma and social preference
Apart from the five kinds of natural law mentioned above, there is another kind of law which is specifically man-made and is not directly concerned with nature. These are the codes of law fixed and agreed upon by society, consisting of social decrees, customs, and laws. They could be placed at the end of the above list as a sixth kind of law, but they do not have a Pali name. Let’s call them Social Preference.[a] These codes of social law are products of human thought, and as such are related to the law of kamma. They are not, however, the law of kamma as such. They are merely a supplement to it, and do not have the same relationship with natural truth as does the law of kamma, as will presently be shown. However, because they are related to the law of kamma they tend to become confused with it, and misunderstandings frequently arise as a result.
Because both kammaniyama and Social Preference are human concerns and are intimately related to human life, it is very important that the differences between them are clearly understood.
In general we might state that the law of kamma is the natural law which deals with human actions, whereas Social Preference, or social laws, are an entirely human creation, related to nature only insofar as they are a product of the natural human thought process. In essence, with the law of kamma, human beings receive the fruits of their actions according to the natural processes, whereas in social law, human beings take responsibility for their actions via a process established by themselves.
The meaning of kamma
Etymologically, kamma means “work” or “action.” But in the context of the Buddha’s teaching it is defined more specifically as “action based on intention” or “deeds willfully done.” Actions that are without intention are not considered to be kamma in the Buddha’s teaching.
This definition is, however, a very general one. If we wish to clarify the whole range of meaning for kamma, we must analyze it more thoroughly, dividing it up into different perspectives, or levels, thus:
a. Kamma as intention
Essentially, kamma is intention (cetana), and this word includes will, choice and decision, the mental impetus which leads to action. Intention is that which instigates and directs all human actions, both creative and destructive, and is therefore the essence of kamma, as is given in the Buddha’s words, Cetanaham bhikkhave kammam vadami: Monks! Intention, I say, is kamma. Having willed, we create kamma, through body, speech and mind.[2]
At this point we might take some time to broaden our understanding of this word “intention.” “Intention” in the context of Buddhism has a much subtler meaning than it has in common usage. In the English language, we tend to use the word when we want to provide a link between internal thought and its resultant external actions. For example, we might say, “I didn’t intend to do it,” “I didn’t mean to say it” or “she did it intentionally.”
But according to the teachings of Buddhism, all actions and speech, all thoughts, no matter how fleeting, and the responses of the mind to sensations received through eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind, without exception, contain elements of intention. Intention is thus the mind’s volitional choosing of objects of awareness; it is the factor which leads the mind to turn towards, or be repelled from, various objects of awareness, or to proceed in any particular direction; it is the guide or the governor of how the mind responds to stimuli; it is the force which plans and organizes the movements of the mind, and ultimately it is that which determines the states experienced by the mind.
One instance of intention is one instance of kamma. When there is kamma there is immediate result. Even just one little thought, although not particularly important, is nevertheless not void of consequence. It will be at the least a “tiny speck” of kamma, added to the stream of conditions which shape mental activity. With repeated practice, through repeated proliferation by the mind, or through expression as external activity, the result becomes stronger in the form of character traits, physical features or repercussions from external sources.
A destructive intention does not have to be on a gross level. It may, for example, lead to the destruction of only a very small thing, such as when we angrily tear up a piece of paper. Even though that piece of paper has no importance in itself, the action still has some effect on the quality of the mind. The effect is very different from tearing up a piece of paper with a neutral state of mind, such as when throwing away scrap paper. If there is repeated implementation of such angry intention, the effects of accumulation will become clearer and clearer, and may develop to more significant levels.
Consider the specks of dust which come floating unnoticed into a room; there isn’t one speck which is void of consequence. It is the same for the mind. But the weight of that consequence, in addition to being dependent on the amount of mental “dust,” is also related to the quality of the mind. For instance, specks of dust which alight onto a road surface have to be of a very large quantity before the road will seem to be dirty. Specks of dust which alight onto a floor, although of a much smaller quantity, may make the floor seem dirtier than the road. A smaller amount of dust accumulating on a table top will seem dirty enough to cause irritation. An even smaller amount alighting on a mirror will seem dirty and will interfere with its functioning. A tiny speck of dust on a spectacle lens is perceptible and can impair vision. In the same way, volition or intention, no matter how small, is not void of fruit. As the Buddha said:
“All kamma, whether good or evil, bears fruit. There is no kamma, no matter how small, which is void of fruit.”[3]
In any case, the mental results of the law of kamma are usually overlooked, so another illustration might be helpful:
There are many kinds of water: the water in a sewer, the water in a canal, tap water, and distilled water for mixing a hypodermic injection. Sewer water is an acceptable habitat for many kinds of water animals, but is not suitable for bathing, drinking or medicinal use. Water in a canal may be used to bathe or to wash clothes but is not drinkable. Tap water is drinkable but cannot be used for mixing a hypodermic injection. If there is no special need, then tap water is sufficient for most purposes, but one would be ill-advised to use it to mix a hypodermic injection.
In the same way, the mind has varying levels of refinement or clarity, depending on accumulated kamma. As long as the mind is being used on a coarse level, no problem may be apparent, but if it is necessary to use the mind on a more refined level, previous unskillful kamma, even on a minor scale, may become an obstacle.
b. Kamma as conditioning factor
Expanding our perspective, we find kamma as a component within the whole life process, being the agent which fashions the direction of life. This is kamma in its sense of “sankhara,”[b] as it appears in the Wheel of Dependent Origination[c],where it is described as “the agent which fashions the mind.” This refers to the factors or qualities of the mind which, with intention at the lead, shape the mind into good, evil or neutral states, which in turn fashion the thought process and its effects through body and speech. In this context, kamma could be defined simply as volitional impulses. Even in this definition we still take intention as the essence, and that is why we sometimes see the word sankhara translated simply as intention.
c. Kamma as personal responsibility
Now let us look further outward, to the level of an individual’s relation to the world. Kamma in this sense refers to the expression of thoughts through speech and actions. This is behavior from an ethical perspective, either on a narrow, immediate level, or on a broader level, including the past and the future. Kamma in this sense corresponds to the very broad, general meaning given above. This is the meaning of kamma which is most often encountered in the scriptures, where it occurs as an inducement to encourage responsible and good actions, as in the Buddha’s words:
“Monks! These two things are a cause of remorse. What are the two? Some people in this world have not made good kamma, have not been skillful, have not made merit as a safeguard against fear. They have committed only bad kamma, only coarse kamma, only harmful kamma … They experience remorse as a result, thinking, ‘I have not made good kamma. I have made only bad kamma …’”[4]
It is worth noting that these days, not only is kamma almost exclusively taught from this perspective, but it is also treated largely from the perspective of past lives.
d. Kamma as social activity or career
From an even broader radius, that is, from the perspective of social activity, we have kamma in its sense of work, labor or profession. This refers to the life-styles and social undertakings resulting from intention, which in turn affect society. As is stated in the Vasettha Sutta:
“Listen, Vasettha, you should understand it thus: One who depends on farming for a livelihood is a farmer, not a Brahmin; one who makes a living with the arts is an artist … one who makes a living by selling is a merchant … one who makes a living working for others is a servant … one who makes a living through stealing is a thief … one who makes a living by the knife and the sword is a soldier … one who makes a living by officiating at religious ceremonies is a priest, not a Brahmin … one who rules the land is a king, not a Brahmin … I say that he who has no defilements staining his mind, who is free of clinging, is a Brahmin … One does not become a Brahmin simply by birth, but by kamma is one a Brahmin, by kamma is one not a Brahmin. By kamma is one a farmer, an artist, a merchant, a servant, a thief, a soldier, a priest or even a king … it is all because of kamma. The wise person, seeing Dependent Origination, skilled in kamma and its results, sees kamma as it is in this way. The world is directed by kamma. Humanity is directed by kamma …”[5]
* * *
Having looked at these four different shades of meaning for the word “kamma,” still it must be stressed that any definition of kamma should always be based on intention. Intention is the factor which guides our relationships with other things. Whether we will act under the influence of unskillful tendencies, in the form of greed, hatred and delusion, or skillful tendencies, is all under the control of intention.
Any act which is without intention has no bearing on the law of kamma. That is, it does not come into the law of kamma, but one of the other niyama, such as utuniyama (physical laws). Such actions have the same significance as a pile of earth caving in, a rock falling from a mountain, or a dead branch falling from a tree.
Kinds of kamma
In terms of its qualities, or its roots, kamma can be divided into two main types. They are:
1. Akusala kamma: kamma which is unskillful, actions which are not good, or are evil; specifically, actions which are born from the akusala mula, the roots of unskillfulness, which are greed, hatred and delusion.
2. Kusala kamma: actions which are skillful or good; specifically, actions which are born from the three kusala mula, or roots of skill, which are non-greed, non-hatred and non-delusion.
Alternatively, kamma can be classified according to the paths or channels through which it occurs, of which there are three. They are:
1. Bodily kamma: intentional actions through the body.
2. Verbal kamma: intentional actions through speech.
3. Mental kamma: intentional actions through the mind.
Incorporating both of the classifications described above, we have altogether six kinds of kamma: bodily, verbal and mental kamma which is unskillful; and bodily, verbal and mental kamma which is skillful.
Another way of classifying kamma is according to its results. In this classification there are four categories:
1. Black kamma, black result: This refers to bodily actions, verbal actions and mental actions which are harmful. Simple examples are killing, stealing, sexual infidelity, lying and drinking intoxicants.[d]
2. White kamma, white result: These are bodily actions, verbal actions and mental actions which are not harmful, such as practicing in accordance with the ten bases for skillful action.[e]
3. Kamma that is both black and white, giving results both black and white: Bodily actions, verbal actions and mental actions which are partly harmful, partly not.
4. Kamma which is neither black nor white, with results neither black nor white, which leads to the cessation of kamma: This is the intention to transcend the three kinds of kamma mentioned above, or specifically, developing the Seven Enlightenment Factors or the Noble Eightfold Path.
Of the three channels of kamma — bodily, verbal and mental — it is mental kamma which is considered the most important and far-reaching in its effects, as is given in the Pali:
“Listen, Tapassi. Of these three types of kamma so distinguished by me, I say that mental kamma has the heaviest consequences for the committing of evil deeds and the existence of evil deeds, not bodily or verbal kamma.”[6]
Mental kamma is considered to be the most significant because it is the origin of all other kamma. Thought precedes action through body and speech. Bodily and verbal deeds are derived from mental kamma.
One of the most important influences of mental kamma is ditthi — beliefs, views and personal preferences. Views have an important bearing on individual behavior, life experiences and social ideals. Actions, speech and the manipulation of situations are based on views and preferences. If there is wrong view, it follows that any subsequent thinking, speech and actions will tend to flow in a wrong direction. If there is right view, then the resultant thoughts, speech and actions will tend to flow in a proper and good direction. This applies not only to the personal level, but to the social level as well. For example, a society which maintained the belief that material wealth is the most valuable and desirable goal in life would strive to attain material possessions, gauging progress, prestige and honor by abundance of these things. The life-style of such people and the development of such a society would assume one form. In contrast, a society which valued peace of mind and contentment as its goal would have a markedly different life-style and development.
There are many occasions where the Buddha described right view, wrong view, and their importance, such as:
“Monks! What is Right View? I say that there are two kinds of Right View: the Right View (of one) with outflows, which is good kamma and of beneficial result to body and mind; and the Right View (of one) without outflows, which is transcendent, and is a factor of the Noble Path.
“And what is the Right View which contains outflows, which is good and of beneficial result to body and mind? This is the belief that offerings bear fruit, the practice of giving bears fruit, reverence is of fruit, good and evil kamma give appropriate results; there is this world, there is an after-world; there is a mother, there is a father; there are spontaneously arisen beings; there are mendicants and religious who practice well and who proclaim clearly the truths of this world and the next. This I call the Right View which contains the outflows, which is good, and is of beneficial result to body and mind …”[7]
* * *
“Monks! I see no other condition which is so much a cause for the arising of as yet unarisen unskillful conditions, and for the development and fruition of unskillful conditions already arisen, as wrong view …”[8]
* * *
“Monks! I see no other condition which is so much a cause for the arising of as yet unarisen skillful conditions, and for the development and fruition of skillful conditions already arisen, as Right View …”[8]
* * *
“Monks! When there is wrong view, bodily kamma created as a result of that view, verbal kamma created as a result of that view, and mental kamma created as a result of that view, as well as intentions, aspirations, wishes and mental proliferations, are all productive of results that are undesirable, unpleasant, disagreeable, yielding no benefit, but conducive to suffering. On what account? On account of that pernicious view. It is like a margosa seed, or a seed of the bitter gourd, planted in moist earth. The soil and water taken in as nutriment are wholly converted into a bitter taste, an acrid taste, a foul taste. Why is that? Because the seed is not good.
“Monks! When there is Right View, bodily kamma created as a result of that view, verbal kamma created as a result of that view, and mental kamma created as a result of that view, as well as intentions, aspirations, wishes and mental proliferations, are all yielding of results that are desirable, pleasant, agreeable, producing benefit, conducive to happiness. On what account? On account of those good views. It is like a seed of the sugar cane, a seed of wheat, or a fruit seed which has been planted in moist earth. The water and soil taken in as nutriment are wholly converted into sweetness, into refreshment, into a delicious taste. On what account is that? On account of that good seed …”[9]
* * *
“Monks! There is one whose birth into this world is not for the benefit of the many, not for the happiness of the many, but for the ruin, for the harm of the manyfolk, for the suffering of both Devas and men. Who is that person? It is the person with wrong view, with distorted views. One with wrong view leads the many away from the truth and into falsehood …
“Monks! There is one whose birth into this world is for the benefit of the many, for the happiness of the many, for growth, for benefit, for the happiness of Devas and men. Who is that person? It is the person with Right View, who has undistorted views. One with Right View leads the many away from falsehood, and toward the truth …”
“Monks! I see no other condition which is so harmful as wrong view. Of harmful things, monks, wrong view is the greatest.”[10]
* * *
“All conditions have mind as forerunner, mind as master, are accomplished by mind. Whatever one says or does with a defective mind brings suffering in its wake, just as the cartwheel follows the ox’s hoof … Whatever one says or does with a clear mind brings happiness in its wake, just as the shadow follows its owner.”[11]
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1. Understanding the Law of Kamma
Buddhism teaches that all things, both material and immaterial, are entirely subject to the direction of causes and are interdependent. This natural course of things is called in common terms “the law of nature,” and in the Pali language niyama, literally meaning “certainty” or “fixed way,” referrin…That’s Empowered Jambudīpa Universe
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धर्मेन्द्र कुमार
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Heartiest congratulations and best wishes on World Buddhist Dhamma (Panchsheel) Flag Day
· See original ·
35) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate English,Roman,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGRnuA-m9AMEmpowered Jambudīpa UNIVERSE wishes Happiness, welfare and peace for all 365 NEW DAYS for 365 NEW CHANCES
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In Buddhism
The Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into three separate levels:
Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form realm), and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point facing south, somewhat like the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti. They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one hundred yojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, etc.)
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121). The continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand, four thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men (SNA.ii.437; UdA.300).
Jambudvīpa is the region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may become awakened by being born as a human being. It is in Jambudvīpa that one may receive the gift of Dhamma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path
and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudvipa, referring to
what is now the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense
The term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd century BC, same terminology is then repeated in
subsequent inscriptions for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region, presumably Prabuddha Bharat , as Jambudīpa the Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency)
was ruled by the nava-Nanda, Gupta-kula, Mauryya kings ; then the Rattas ruled it : after whom were the Chalukyas; then the Kalachuryya family; and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’’
Another, at Kubatur, expressly states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many inscriptions, of which Bandanikke (Bandalike in Shimoga) seems to have been the chief town.
And further, a record to be noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas.
—
Annual Report Of Mysore 1886 To 1903
Mount Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit)or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or “wonderful Meru”.
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Empowered Jambudīpa UNIVERSE wishes Happiness, welfare and peace for all 365 NEW DAYS for 365 NEW CHANCES
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada_inscriptions
Kannada inscriptions
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About 25,000 inscriptions found in Karnataka and states near by belongs to Kannada rulers like Kadambas, Western Ganga Dynasty, Rashtrakuta, Chalukya, Hoysala and Vijayanagara Empire.
Many inscriptions related to Jainism are unearthed. The inscriptions generally found are on stone (Shilashasana) or copper plates (Tamarashasana).
The Kannada inscriptions (Old Kannada,Kadamba script) found on historical Hero Stone,coin & temple wall, piller,tablet & rock edict.
These Inscription have contributed towards Kannada literature and helped to classify as Proto Kannada, Pre Old Kannada, Old Kannada, Middle Kannada and New Kannada. Inscriptions depicts culture, tradition and prosperity of those era.
The world wide recognized literature Ramayana and Mahabharata are transferred through generation by these Inscription Hazara Rama Temple and Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple are the best
example.
578 CE Mangalesha Kannada inscription in Cave temple # 3 at Badami 634CE Aihole inscription of Ravi Kirti
Prabuddha Bharatian inscriptions, Prabuddha Bharatian copper plate inscriptions, Early Prabuddha Bharatian epigraphy, Epigraphia Carnatica, History of Karnataka, Timeline of Karnataka, Etymology of Karnataka, and Old Kannada § Origin
Kannada inscriptions -
About 25,000 inscriptions found in Karnataka and states near by belongs to Kannada rulers like Kadambas, Western Ganga Dynasty, Rashtrakuta, Chalukya, Hoysala and Vijayanagara Empire. Many inscriptions related to Jainism are unearthed.
The inscriptions generally found are on stone (Shilashasana)….
Earliest Kannada inscriptions
Halmidi inscription of 450 AD
9th century AD Old Kannada inscription on Hero Stone in Kalleshvara Temple at Aralaguppe.
The first written record in Kannada traced to Ashoka’s Brahmagiri edict dating back to around 250 BC, Tagarthi inscription dates back to 350 AD. The stone inscription (dated 370 CE) found at Talagunda near Shiralakoppa in the taluk during excavation
by the Archaeological Survey of Prabuddha Bharat in 2013-14 is now said to be the earliest Kannada inscription.
Nishadi Inscription of 400 AD of Chandragiri hill (Shravanabelagola), Halmidi inscription of 5th century AD and
Aihole inscriptions are very important in the history of
Kannada and Karnataka.
5th century Tamatekallu inscription of Chitradurga and 500 CE
Chikkamagaluru inscription.The earliest known Kannada inscription in Bengaluru region traced to the reign of Sripurusha was discovered in 2018 in Hebbal.
There are few Kannada words found in the edicts and inscriptions those are prior to the Christian era in places as far as
Egypt.
Brahmagiri rock inscription of Ashoka
Ashoka rock edict at Brahmagiri in Chitradurga district is the ancient site of Ishila. An inscription there contains this most ancient Kannada word.
The earliest recorded word of Kannada is Isila occurring in the Brahmagiri rock inscription of 252 BC (similar to many other inscriptions with Kannada
words).
Tagarthi inscription
A Dr. S. Shettar completed a detailed palaeographic study over 10 years, finding five to six inscriptions that are older than Halmidi inscription (in Poorvada Halegannada dialect).
The inscription is a mix of Brahmi, Kannada and Nagari scripts. One of those found at Tagarthi (within the Gangavadi region in Shimoga district) dates to 350 AD, during the Ganga dynasty.
This study pushed the date push back by at least a century. The
historian Suryanath Kamath also agree with the findings of Dr S.
Shettar.
Gunabhushitana Nishadi inscription
M. G. Manjunath an epigraphist Mysore based scholar discovered 400 AD Gunabhushitana Nishadi inscription of Jainism one of the 271 inscriptions on Chandragiri hill of Shravanabelagola found near Parshwanatha Basadi, which is 50 years older than Halmidi inscription.
It is mentioned in the Epigraphia Karnataka. There are Prakrit, Sanskrit and Purvada Halegannada (Old Kannada words. The four lined inscription has six words. The inscription is in Shatavahana Brahmi and Aadi Ganga script.
M. Chidananda Murthy also agree that Gunabhushitana Nishadi Shasana was a Kannada inscription (in Purvada Halegannada script).
Halmidi inscription
The 5th century AD Halmidi inscription 16-line earliest Kannada
inscription found at Halmidi in Belur taluk of Hassan district on
rectangular sandstone ( 2.5 ft height and 1 ft width) has a Vishnu
Chakra on its top.
The language of the inscription is in Poorvada Halegannada ( Proto-Kannada). Archaeologist M. H. Krishna found the Brahmi script in the inscription.
Shifted the inscription to Archaeological Museum, Mysore and later to Government Museum in Bangalore. Epigraphia Karnataka has dedicated a chapter to study of the inscription.
The linguists and writers Govinda Pai, M. Chidananda
Murthy, T. V. Venkatachala Sastry, Ram Sri Mugali, R.S. Panchamukhi, D.L. Narasimhachar, and M. M. Kalburgi studied the inscription and published papers.
Writers G. S. Gai,T. A.Gopinatha Rao,T. N. Srikantaiah, Shivarama Aithala,S. Nagaraju,S. Srikanta Sastri,M. Mariyappa Bhatta,M. B.Neginahal,K. V. Ramesh,Devarakondareddy and K. M.Hanumantha Rao have discussed the important issues raised by Halmidi inscription in their books.
Tamatakallu inscriptions
Chitradurga district is home for most ancient inscriptions written in archaic Kannada script.As per epigraphist Dr. B. Rajashekharappa the inscriptions known as Veeragallu at Tamatakal village written in Kannada script belongs mostly to
end of Fifth Century or beginning of Sixth Century, describes the nature and achievements of Gunamadhura who ruled Masikapura (ancient name of Tamatakal), he was frivolous, generous and kind person.
he was a favourite among women (Despite being of dark
complexion), because of his kind nature. In 1903 by the historian late B. L. Rice discovered the inscriptions, Dr. Rajashekharappa found new aspects.
9th century AD Old Kannada inscription on Hero Stone in Kalleshvara Temple at Aralaguppe
Karnataka inscriptions of Kannada dynasties
EV Ramasamy Naiker and Dr BR Ambedkar followers of Buddha and Ashoka through their succesful mission united the peope of Jambudipa to empoer the Universe for all people
Main
articles:
Kannada literature, Chalukya dynasty § Literature, Western
Chalukya literature in Kannada, Rashtrakuta literature, Hoysala
literature, Medieval Kannada literature, Vijayanagara literature in
Kannada, and Mysore literature in Kannada Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)
Chinese mandala depicting Mount Meru as an inverted pyramid topped by a lotus.
According to Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam (philosophical writings), Sumeru is 80,000 yojanas tall. The exact measure of one yojana is uncertain, but some accounts put it at about 24,000 feet, or
approximately 4-1/2 miles, but other accounts put it at about 7-9 miles.
It also descends beneath the surface of the surrounding waters to a depth of 80,000 yojanas, being…
They contain
the followers of the Four Great Kings, namely nāgas, yakṣas,
gandharvas, and kumbhāṇḍas.
The names and dimensions of the terraces on the lower slopes of Sumeru are given below:
Name
Height above the sea
Breadth
Length (on one side)
Cāturmahārājika
40,000 yojanas
2,000 yojanas
24,000 yojanas
Sadāmada
30,000 yojanas
4,000 yojanas
32,000 yojanas
Mālādhara
20,000 yojanas
8,000 yojanas
48,000 yojanas
Karoṭapāni
10,000 yojanas
16,000 yojanas
80,000 yojanas
Below Sumeru, in the seas around it, is the abode of the Asuras who are at war with the Trāyastriṃśa gods.
Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) Chinese mandala depicting Mount Meru as an inverted pyramid topped by a Abandonment
Certain traditional Buddhist ideas about the world are incompatible with modern science and have been abandoned by numerous modern Buddhists.
One of the most well known of these ideas is Mount Meru. According to Donald S. Lopez Jr., “the human realm that Buddhist texts describe is a flat earth, or perhaps more accurately a flat ocean, its waters contained by a ring of iron mountains.
In that ocean is a great central mountain, surrounded in the four cardinal directions by island continents.”
As Lopez notes, as early as the 18th century, Buddhist scholars like
Tominaga Nakamoto (1715–1746) began to question this classical Buddhist cosmography, holding that they
were adopted by the Buddha from Prabuddha Bharatian theories, but that they were incidental and thus not at the heart of Buddha’s teaching.
While some traditional Buddhists did defend the traditional cosmology, others like Shimaji Mokurai (1838–1911) argued
that it was not
foundational to Buddhism and was merely an element of Prabuddha Bharatian mythology.
Others like Kimura Taiken (1881–1930), went further and argued that this traditional cosmography was not part of original Buddhism.
The issue of Mount Meru was also discussed by modern
Buddhist intellectuals like Gendün Chöphel and the 14th Dalai Lama.
According to Chöphel, the Meru cosmology is a provisional teaching
taught in accord with the ideas of ancient India, but not appropriate
for the modern era.
Similarly, the 14th Dalai Lama writes that “my own view is that Buddhism must abandon many aspects of the Abhidharma
cosmology”.
The Dalai Lama sees the falsehood of this traditional cosmology as not affecting the core of Buddhism (the teaching of the four noble truths and liberation) since it is “secondary to the account
of the nature and origins of sentient beings”
7,117 languages are spoken today.
That number is constantly in flux, because we’re learning more about the
world’s languages every day. And beyond that, the languages themselves
are in flux.
They’re living & dynamic,spoken by communities whose lives are
shaped by our rapidly changing world.
This is a fragile time: Roughly 0%
of languages are now endangered, often with less than 1,000 speakers
remaining.
Meanwhile, just 23 languages account for more than half the world’s population.according to https://gulfnews.com/…/census-more-than-19500-languages…
When
a just born baby is kept isolated without anyone communicating with the
baby, after a few days it will speak and human natural (Prakrit)
language known as Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,CompassionateMagahi Magadhi/
Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chandaso language/
Magadhi Prakrit,Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Hela Basa (Hela Language),
Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Pāḷi which are the same.
Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate ONE Buddha spoke in
Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magadhi. All
the 7,139 languages and dialects are off shoot of Classical ETERNAL AND
Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magahi Magadhi. Hence all
of them are Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate in nature (Prakrit) of Human Beings, just like all other
living speices have their own natural
languages for communication. 138 languages are translated by
https://translate.google.comin
01) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magahi Magadhi,
02) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chandaso language,
03) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Magadhi Prakrit,
04) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Hela Basa (Hela Language),
05) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Classical Pāḷi
06)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,CompassionateDevanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- शास्त्रीय हिंदी,
07) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Cyrillic
08) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Afrikaans– Klassieke Afrikaans
09) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Albanian-Shqiptare klasike,
10) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Amharic-አንጋፋዊ አማርኛ,
11) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Arabic-اللغة العربية الفصحى
12) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Armenian-դասական հայերեն,
13) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Assamese-ধ্ৰুপদী অসমীয়া
14) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Aymara 14) Aymara clásico
15) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Azerbaijani- Klassik Azərbaycan,
16)Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate
Basque- Euskal klasikoa,16) Euskara klasikoa- Euskal klasikoa,
17)Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Belarusian-Класічная беларуская,17) Класічная беларуска-класічная
беларуская,
18) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Bengali-ক্লাসিক্যাল বাংলা,18) ধ্রুপদী বাংলা-ক্লাস বাংলা
19) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Bhojpuri 19) शास्त्रीय भोजपुरी के बा
20) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate शास्त्रीय भोजपुरी के बाBosnian-Klasični bosanski,20) Klasični bosanski-Klasični bosansk
21)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Bulgarian
22) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,CompassionateCatalan-Català clàssic
23) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Cebuano-Klase sa Sugbo,
24) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,CompassionateChichewa-Chikale cha Chichewa,
25) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chinese (Simplified)-古典中文（简体）,
26) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Chinese (Traditional)-古典中文（繁體）,
27) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,CompassionateCorsican-Corsa Corsicana,
28) Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Croatian-Klasična hrvatska,
29)Classical Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Czech-Klasická čeština
30) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Danish-Klassisk dansk,Klassisk dansk,
31) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dhivehi,31) ކްލާސިކަލް ދިވެހި
32) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dogri, 32) शास्त्रीय डोगरी
33) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dutch- Klassiek Nederlands,
34) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE English,Roman,
35) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Esperanto-Klasika Esperanto,
36) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Estonian- klassikaline eesti keel,
37) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ewe,37) Klasik Ewe
38) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Filipino klassikaline filipiinlane,
39) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Finnish- Klassinen suomalainen,39) Klassinen iankaikkinen ja LOISTAVA YSTÄVÄLLINEN HYVÄKSYMÄÄRÄINEN suomalainen- Klassinen suomalainen,
40) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE French- Français classique,40) Classique ÉTERNEL ET GLORIFIÉ AMICAL BIENVEILLANT COMPATISSANT French- Français classiqu
41) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Frisian- Klassike Frysk,41) Klassike ivich en ferhearlike FREINLIK GEWYNDIG BINNE FERGESE Frysk- Klassike Frysk,
42) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Galician-Clásico galego,42) Clásico ETERNO E GLORIFICADO AMIGO BENEVOLENTE COMPASIONADO Galego-Clásico galego,
43) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Georgian-კლასიკური ქართული,43) კლასიკური მარადიული და განდიდებული მეგობრული კეთილგანწყობილი თანამგრძნობი ქართული-კლასიკური ქართული,
45) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE German- Klassisches Deutsch,45) Κλασικός ΑΙΩΝΙΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΔΟΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΚΟΣ ΕΥΘΥΜΕΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΣ-Κλασσικά Ελληνικά,
45) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATEGreek-Κλασσικά Ελληνικά,45) Κλασικός ΑΙΩΝΙΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΔΟΞΑΜΕΝΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΚΟΣ ΕΥΘΥΜΕΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΟΣ-Κλασσικά Ελληνικά,
46) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Guarani,46) Guaraní clásico46) Clásico ETERNAL Y GLORIFICADO AMIGOS BENEVOLENTE COMPASINADO Guarani,46) Guaraní clásico
47) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી,47) ક્લાસિકલ શાશ્વત અને ગૌરવપૂર્ણ મૈત્રીપૂર્ણ પરોપકારી દયાળુ ગુજરાતી- કલાસિકલ ગુજરા
48) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Haitian Creole-Klasik kreyòl,
49) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hausa-Hausa Hausa,
50) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hawaiian-Hawaiian Hawaiian,
51) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hebrew- עברית קלאסית
52) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
53) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,
54) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
55) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Igbo,Klassískt Igbo,
56) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ilocano,56) Klasiko nga Ilocano
57)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Indonesian-Bahasa Indonesia Klasik,
58) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Irish-Indinéisis Clasaiceach,
59) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Italian-Italiano classico,
60) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Japanese-古典的なイタリア語,
61) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
62) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
63) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kazakh-Классикалық қазақ,
64) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Khmer- ខ្មែរបុរាណ,
65) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kinyarwanda
66) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Konkani,66) शास्त्रीय कोंकणी
67) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Korean-고전 한국어,
68) Classical Krio,ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE 68) Krio we dɛn kɔl Krio
69) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kurdish (Kurmanji)-Kurdî (Kurmancî),
70) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kyrgyz-Классикалык Кыргыз,
71) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lao-ຄລາສສິກລາວ,
72) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Latin-LXII) Classical Latin,
73) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Latvian-Klasiskā latviešu valoda,
74) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lingala,74) Lingala ya kala,
75) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lithuanian-Klasikinė lietuvių kalba,
76) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luganda,76) Oluganda olw’edda
77) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luganda,77) Oluganda olw’edda
78) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luxembourgish-Klassesch Lëtzebuergesch,
79)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Macedonian-Класичен македонски,
80)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maithili,80) शास्त्रीय मैथिली
81) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malagasy,класичен малгашки,
82) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malay-Melayu Klasik,
83) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
84) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maltese-Klassiku Malti,
85) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maori-Maori Maori,
86) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
87) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Meiteilon (Manipuri),꯹꯰) ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯏꯇꯦꯏꯂꯣꯟ (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ) ꯴.
88) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Mizo,88) Classical Mizo a ni
89) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Mongolian-Сонгодог Монгол,
90) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Myanmar (Burmese)-Classical မြန်မာ (ဗမာ),
91) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Nepali-शास्त्रीय म्यांमार (बर्मा),
92) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Norwegian-Klassisk norsk,
93) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Odia (Oriya)
94) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Oromo,94) Afaan Oromoo Kilaasikaa
95) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Pashto- ټولګی پښتو
96) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Persian-کلاسیک فارسی
97)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Polish-Język klasyczny polski,
98) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Portuguese-Português Clássico,
99) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
100) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Quechua,100) Quechua clásico
101) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Romanian-Clasic românesc,
102) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Russian-Классический русский,
103) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Samoan-Samoan Samoa
104) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sanskrit छ्लस्सिचल् षन्स्क्रित्
105) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Scots Gaelic-Gàidhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,
106)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sepedi,106) Sepedi sa Kgale
107) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Serbian-Класични српски,
108) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sesotho-Seserbia ea boholo-holo,
109) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Shona-Shona Shona,
110) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sindhi,
111)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sinhala-සම්භාව්ය සිංහල,
112) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Slovak-Klasický slovenský,
113) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Slovenian-Klasična slovenska,
114) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Somali-Soomaali qowmiyadeed,
115) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Spanish-Español clásico,
116) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sundanese-Sunda Klasik,
117) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Swahili,Kiswahili cha Classical,
118) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Swedish-Klassisk svensk,
119) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tajik-тоҷикӣ классикӣ,
120) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ் செம்மொழி,
121) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tatar
122) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
123) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Thai-ภาษาไทยคลาสสิก,
124) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tigrinya,124) ክላሲካል ትግርኛ
125) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tsonga,125) Xitsonga xa xikhale
126) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Turkish-Klasik Türk,
127)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Turkmen
128) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Twi,128) Twi a wɔde di dwuma wɔ tete mmere mu
129)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ukrainian-Класичний український,
130) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
131) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Uyghur,
132) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Uzbek-Klassik o’z,
133) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Vietnamese-Tiếng Việ,
134) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Welsh-Cymraeg Clasurol,
135) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATEXhosa-IsiXhosa zesiXhosa,
136) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Yiddish- קלאסישע ייִדיש
137) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,
138) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Zulu-I-Classical Zulu
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Lesson 4676 Thu 12 Jan 2023
EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
Wise,Intelligent people of All Major religions in the world of ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE say Jo Jamin Sarkari Hai Woh Jamin Mae Tharkari Ho growing vegetables & Fruits🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅 🧅 🍄 🥗 🥒🌽 🥥 🌵 🍈 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 Plants 🌱in pots 🪴 which tastes the same for all including haters
After getting up at 3:45 AM take bath🧼 and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body. Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BENEVOLENT,COMPASSIONATE EMPOWERED JAMBUDIPA
60) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Japanese-古典的なイタリア語,
61) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
62) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
63) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kazakh-Классикалық қазақ,
64) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Khmer- ខ្មែរបុរាណ,
65) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kinyarwanda
66) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Konkani,66) शास्त्रीय कोंकणी
67) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Korean-고전 한국어,
68) Classical Krio,ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE 68) Krio we dɛn kɔl Krio
69) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kurdish (Kurmanji)-Kurdî (Kurmancî),
70) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kyrgyz-Классикалык Кыргыз,
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1
Understanding
the Law of Kamma
Kamma as a law of nature
Buddhism teaches that all things, both material and immaterial, are entirely subject to the direction of causes and are interdependent. This natural course of things is called in common terms “the law of nature,” and in the Pali language niyama, literally meaning “certainty” or “fixed way,” referring to the fact that specific determinants inevitably lead to corresponding results.
The laws of nature, although uniformly based on the principle of causal dependence, can nevertheless be sorted into different modes of relationship. The Buddhist commentaries describe five categories of natural law, or niyama. They are:
1. Utuniyama: the natural law pertaining to physical objects and changes in the natural environment, such as the weather; the way flowers bloom in the day and fold up at night; the way soil, water and nutrients help a tree to grow; and the way things disintegrate and decompose. This perspective emphasizes the changes brought about by heat or temperature.
2. Bijaniyama: the natural law pertaining to heredity, which is best described in the adage, “as the seed, so the fruit.”
3. Cittaniyama: the natural law pertaining to the workings of the mind, the process of cognition of sense objects and the mental reactions to them.
4. Kammaniyama: the natural law pertaining to human behavior, the process of the generation of action and its results. In essence, this is summarized in the words, “good deeds bring good results, bad deeds bring bad results.”
5. Dhammaniyama: the natural law governing the relationship and interdependence of all things: the way all things arise, exist and then cease. All conditions are subject to change, are in a state of affliction and are not self: this is the Norm.
The first four niyama are contained within, or based on, the fifth one, Dhammaniyama, the Law of Dhamma, or the Law of Nature. It may be questioned why Dhammaniyama, being as it were the totality, is also included within the subdivisions. This is because this fourfold categorization does not cover the entire extent of Dhammaniyama.
To illustrate: the population of Thailand can be sorted into different categories, such as the royalty, the government, public servants, merchants and the populace; or it may be categorized as the police, military, public servants, students and the populace; or it can be divided up in a number of other ways. Actually, the words “the populace” include all the other groupings in the country. Public servants, householders, police, the military, merchants and students are all equally members of the populace, but they are singled out because each of those groups has its own unique characteristics. Those people without any relevant feature particular to them are grouped under the general heading, “the populace.” Moreover, although those groupings may change according to their particular design, they will always include the word “the populace,” or “the people,” or a similar generic term. The inclusion of Dhammaniyama in the five niyama should be understood in this way.
Whether or not these five natural laws are complete and all-inclusive is not important. The commentators have detailed the five groupings relevant to their needs, and any other groupings can be included under the fifth one, Dhammaniyama, in the same way as in the example above. The important point to bear in mind is the commentators’ design in pointing out these five niyama. In this connection three points may be mentioned:
Firstly, this teaching highlights the Buddhist perspective, which sees the course of things as subject to causes and conditions. No matter how minutely this law is analyzed, we see only the workings of the Norm, or the state of interdependence. A knowledge of this truth allows us to learn, live and practice with a clear and firm understanding of the way things are. It conclusively eliminates the problem of trying to answer questions of a Creator God with the power to divert the flow of the Norm (unless that God becomes one of the determining factors within the flow). When challenged with such misleading questions as, “Without a being to create these laws, how can they come to be?” we need only reflect that if left to themselves, all things must function in some way or other, and this is the way they function. It is impossible for them to function any other way. Human beings, observing and studying this state of things, then proceed to call it a “law.” But whether it is called a law or not does not change its actual operation.
Secondly, when we analyze events, we must not reduce them entirely to single laws. In actual fact, one and the same event in nature may arise from any one of these laws, or a combination of them. For example, the blooming of the lotus in the day time and its folding up at night are not the effects of utuniyama (physical laws) alone, but are also subject to bijaniyama (heredity). When a person sheds tears it may be due largely to the effects of cittaniyama, as with happy or sad mental states, or it could be the workings of utuniyama, such as when smoke gets in the eyes.
Thirdly, and most importantly, here the commentators are showing us that the law of kamma is just one of a number of natural laws. The fact that it is given as only one among five different laws reminds us that not all events are the workings of kamma. We might say that kamma is that force which directs human society, or decides the values within it. Although it is simply one type of natural law, it is the most important one for us as human beings, because it is our particular responsibility. We are creators of kamma, and kamma in return shapes the fortunes and conditions of our lives.
Most people tend to perceive the world as partly in the control of nature, partly in the control of human beings. In this model, kammaniyama is the human responsibility, while the other niyama are entirely nature’s domain.
Within the workings of kammaniyama, the factor of intention or volition is crucial. Thus, the law of kamma is the law which governs the workings of volition, or the world of intentional human thought and action. Whether or not we deal with other niyama, we must deal with the law of kamma, and our dealings with other niyama are inevitably influenced by it. The law of kamma is thus of prime importance in regulating the extent to which we are able to create and control the things around us.
Correctly speaking, we could say that the human capacity to enter into and become a factor within the natural cause and effect process, which in turn gives rise to the impression that we are able to control and manipulate nature, is all due to this law of kamma. In scientific and technological areas, for example, we interact with the other niyama, or natural laws, by studying their truths and acting upon them in conformity with their nature, creating the impression that we are able to manipulate and control the natural world.
In addition to this, our volition or intention shapes our social and personal relationships, as well as our interactions with other things in the environment around us. Through volition, we shape our own personalities and our life-styles, social positions and fortunes. It is because the law of kamma governs our entire volitional and creative world that the Buddha’s teaching greatly stresses its importance in the phrase: Kammuna vattati loko: The world is directed by kamma.[1]*
The law of kamma and social preference
Apart from the five kinds of natural law mentioned above, there is another kind of law which is specifically man-made and is not directly concerned with nature. These are the codes of law fixed and agreed upon by society, consisting of social decrees, customs, and laws. They could be placed at the end of the above list as a sixth kind of law, but they do not have a Pali name. Let’s call them Social Preference.[a] These codes of social law are products of human thought, and as such are related to the law of kamma. They are not, however, the law of kamma as such. They are merely a supplement to it, and do not have the same relationship with natural truth as does the law of kamma, as will presently be shown. However, because they are related to the law of kamma they tend to become confused with it, and misunderstandings frequently arise as a result.
Because both kammaniyama and Social Preference are human concerns and are intimately related to human life, it is very important that the differences between them are clearly understood.
In general we might state that the law of kamma is the natural law which deals with human actions, whereas Social Preference, or social laws, are an entirely human creation, related to nature only insofar as they are a product of the natural human thought process. In essence, with the law of kamma, human beings receive the fruits of their actions according to the natural processes, whereas in social law, human beings take responsibility for their actions via a process established by themselves.
The meaning of kamma
Etymologically, kamma means “work” or “action.” But in the context of the Buddha’s teaching it is defined more specifically as “action based on intention” or “deeds willfully done.” Actions that are without intention are not considered to be kamma in the Buddha’s teaching.
This definition is, however, a very general one. If we wish to clarify the whole range of meaning for kamma, we must analyze it more thoroughly, dividing it up into different perspectives, or levels, thus:
a. Kamma as intention
Essentially, kamma is intention (cetana), and this word includes will, choice and decision, the mental impetus which leads to action. Intention is that which instigates and directs all human actions, both creative and destructive, and is therefore the essence of kamma, as is given in the Buddha’s words, Cetanaham bhikkhave kammam vadami: Monks! Intention, I say, is kamma. Having willed, we create kamma, through body, speech and mind.[2]
At this point we might take some time to broaden our understanding of this word “intention.” “Intention” in the context of Buddhism has a much subtler meaning than it has in common usage. In the English language, we tend to use the word when we want to provide a link between internal thought and its resultant external actions. For example, we might say, “I didn’t intend to do it,” “I didn’t mean to say it” or “she did it intentionally.”
But according to the teachings of Buddhism, all actions and speech, all thoughts, no matter how fleeting, and the responses of the mind to sensations received through eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind, without exception, contain elements of intention. Intention is thus the mind’s volitional choosing of objects of awareness; it is the factor which leads the mind to turn towards, or be repelled from, various objects of awareness, or to proceed in any particular direction; it is the guide or the governor of how the mind responds to stimuli; it is the force which plans and organizes the movements of the mind, and ultimately it is that which determines the states experienced by the mind.
One instance of intention is one instance of kamma. When there is kamma there is immediate result. Even just one little thought, although not particularly important, is nevertheless not void of consequence. It will be at the least a “tiny speck” of kamma, added to the stream of conditions which shape mental activity. With repeated practice, through repeated proliferation by the mind, or through expression as external activity, the result becomes stronger in the form of character traits, physical features or repercussions from external sources.
A destructive intention does not have to be on a gross level. It may, for example, lead to the destruction of only a very small thing, such as when we angrily tear up a piece of paper. Even though that piece of paper has no importance in itself, the action still has some effect on the quality of the mind. The effect is very different from tearing up a piece of paper with a neutral state of mind, such as when throwing away scrap paper. If there is repeated implementation of such angry intention, the effects of accumulation will become clearer and clearer, and may develop to more significant levels.
Consider the specks of dust which come floating unnoticed into a room; there isn’t one speck which is void of consequence. It is the same for the mind. But the weight of that consequence, in addition to being dependent on the amount of mental “dust,” is also related to the quality of the mind. For instance, specks of dust which alight onto a road surface have to be of a very large quantity before the road will seem to be dirty. Specks of dust which alight onto a floor, although of a much smaller quantity, may make the floor seem dirtier than the road. A smaller amount of dust accumulating on a table top will seem dirty enough to cause irritation. An even smaller amount alighting on a mirror will seem dirty and will interfere with its functioning. A tiny speck of dust on a spectacle lens is perceptible and can impair vision. In the same way, volition or intention, no matter how small, is not void of fruit. As the Buddha said:
“All kamma, whether good or evil, bears fruit. There is no kamma, no matter how small, which is void of fruit.”[3]
In any case, the mental results of the law of kamma are usually overlooked, so another illustration might be helpful:
There are many kinds of water: the water in a sewer, the water in a canal, tap water, and distilled water for mixing a hypodermic injection. Sewer water is an acceptable habitat for many kinds of water animals, but is not suitable for bathing, drinking or medicinal use. Water in a canal may be used to bathe or to wash clothes but is not drinkable. Tap water is drinkable but cannot be used for mixing a hypodermic injection. If there is no special need, then tap water is sufficient for most purposes, but one would be ill-advised to use it to mix a hypodermic injection.
In the same way, the mind has varying levels of refinement or clarity, depending on accumulated kamma. As long as the mind is being used on a coarse level, no problem may be apparent, but if it is necessary to use the mind on a more refined level, previous unskillful kamma, even on a minor scale, may become an obstacle.
b. Kamma as conditioning factor
Expanding our perspective, we find kamma as a component within the whole life process, being the agent which fashions the direction of life. This is kamma in its sense of “sankhara,”[b] as it appears in the Wheel of Dependent Origination[c],where it is described as “the agent which fashions the mind.” This refers to the factors or qualities of the mind which, with intention at the lead, shape the mind into good, evil or neutral states, which in turn fashion the thought process and its effects through body and speech. In this context, kamma could be defined simply as volitional impulses. Even in this definition we still take intention as the essence, and that is why we sometimes see the word sankhara translated simply as intention.
c. Kamma as personal responsibility
Now let us look further outward, to the level of an individual’s relation to the world. Kamma in this sense refers to the expression of thoughts through speech and actions. This is behavior from an ethical perspective, either on a narrow, immediate level, or on a broader level, including the past and the future. Kamma in this sense corresponds to the very broad, general meaning given above. This is the meaning of kamma which is most often encountered in the scriptures, where it occurs as an inducement to encourage responsible and good actions, as in the Buddha’s words:
“Monks! These two things are a cause of remorse. What are the two? Some people in this world have not made good kamma, have not been skillful, have not made merit as a safeguard against fear. They have committed only bad kamma, only coarse kamma, only harmful kamma … They experience remorse as a result, thinking, ‘I have not made good kamma. I have made only bad kamma …’”[4]
It is worth noting that these days, not only is kamma almost exclusively taught from this perspective, but it is also treated largely from the perspective of past lives.
d. Kamma as social activity or career
From an even broader radius, that is, from the perspective of social activity, we have kamma in its sense of work, labor or profession. This refers to the life-styles and social undertakings resulting from intention, which in turn affect society. As is stated in the Vasettha Sutta:
“Listen, Vasettha, you should understand it thus: One who depends on farming for a livelihood is a farmer, not a Brahmin; one who makes a living with the arts is an artist … one who makes a living by selling is a merchant … one who makes a living working for others is a servant … one who makes a living through stealing is a thief … one who makes a living by the knife and the sword is a soldier … one who makes a living by officiating at religious ceremonies is a priest, not a Brahmin … one who rules the land is a king, not a Brahmin … I say that he who has no defilements staining his mind, who is free of clinging, is a Brahmin … One does not become a Brahmin simply by birth, but by kamma is one a Brahmin, by kamma is one not a Brahmin. By kamma is one a farmer, an artist, a merchant, a servant, a thief, a soldier, a priest or even a king … it is all because of kamma. The wise person, seeing Dependent Origination, skilled in kamma and its results, sees kamma as it is in this way. The world is directed by kamma. Humanity is directed by kamma …”[5]
* * *
Having looked at these four different shades of meaning for the word “kamma,” still it must be stressed that any definition of kamma should always be based on intention. Intention is the factor which guides our relationships with other things. Whether we will act under the influence of unskillful tendencies, in the form of greed, hatred and delusion, or skillful tendencies, is all under the control of intention.
Any act which is without intention has no bearing on the law of kamma. That is, it does not come into the law of kamma, but one of the other niyama, such as utuniyama (physical laws). Such actions have the same significance as a pile of earth caving in, a rock falling from a mountain, or a dead branch falling from a tree.
Kinds of kamma
In terms of its qualities, or its roots, kamma can be divided into two main types. They are:
1. Akusala kamma: kamma which is unskillful, actions which are not good, or are evil; specifically, actions which are born from the akusala mula, the roots of unskillfulness, which are greed, hatred and delusion.
2. Kusala kamma: actions which are skillful or good; specifically, actions which are born from the three kusala mula, or roots of skill, which are non-greed, non-hatred and non-delusion.
Alternatively, kamma can be classified according to the paths or channels through which it occurs, of which there are three. They are:
1. Bodily kamma: intentional actions through the body.
2. Verbal kamma: intentional actions through speech.
3. Mental kamma: intentional actions through the mind.
Incorporating both of the classifications described above, we have altogether six kinds of kamma: bodily, verbal and mental kamma which is unskillful; and bodily, verbal and mental kamma which is skillful.
Another way of classifying kamma is according to its results. In this classification there are four categories:
1. Black kamma, black result: This refers to bodily actions, verbal actions and mental actions which are harmful. Simple examples are killing, stealing, sexual infidelity, lying and drinking intoxicants.[d]
2. White kamma, white result: These are bodily actions, verbal actions and mental actions which are not harmful, such as practicing in accordance with the ten bases for skillful action.[e]
3. Kamma that is both black and white, giving results both black and white: Bodily actions, verbal actions and mental actions which are partly harmful, partly not.
4. Kamma which is neither black nor white, with results neither black nor white, which leads to the cessation of kamma: This is the intention to transcend the three kinds of kamma mentioned above, or specifically, developing the Seven Enlightenment Factors or the Noble Eightfold Path.
Of the three channels of kamma — bodily, verbal and mental — it is mental kamma which is considered the most important and far-reaching in its effects, as is given in the Pali:
“Listen, Tapassi. Of these three types of kamma so distinguished by me, I say that mental kamma has the heaviest consequences for the committing of evil deeds and the existence of evil deeds, not bodily or verbal kamma.”[6]
Mental kamma is considered to be the most significant because it is the origin of all other kamma. Thought precedes action through body and speech. Bodily and verbal deeds are derived from mental kamma.
One of the most important influences of mental kamma is ditthi — beliefs, views and personal preferences. Views have an important bearing on individual behavior, life experiences and social ideals. Actions, speech and the manipulation of situations are based on views and preferences. If there is wrong view, it follows that any subsequent thinking, speech and actions will tend to flow in a wrong direction. If there is right view, then the resultant thoughts, speech and actions will tend to flow in a proper and good direction. This applies not only to the personal level, but to the social level as well. For example, a society which maintained the belief that material wealth is the most valuable and desirable goal in life would strive to attain material possessions, gauging progress, prestige and honor by abundance of these things. The life-style of such people and the development of such a society would assume one form. In contrast, a society which valued peace of mind and contentment as its goal would have a markedly different life-style and development.
There are many occasions where the Buddha described right view, wrong view, and their importance, such as:
“Monks! What is Right View? I say that there are two kinds of Right View: the Right View (of one) with outflows, which is good kamma and of beneficial result to body and mind; and the Right View (of one) without outflows, which is transcendent, and is a factor of the Noble Path.
“And what is the Right View which contains outflows, which is good and of beneficial result to body and mind? This is the belief that offerings bear fruit, the practice of giving bears fruit, reverence is of fruit, good and evil kamma give appropriate results; there is this world, there is an after-world; there is a mother, there is a father; there are spontaneously arisen beings; there are mendicants and religious who practice well and who proclaim clearly the truths of this world and the next. This I call the Right View which contains the outflows, which is good, and is of beneficial result to body and mind …”[7]
* * *
“Monks! I see no other condition which is so much a cause for the arising of as yet unarisen unskillful conditions, and for the development and fruition of unskillful conditions already arisen, as wrong view …”[8]
* * *
“Monks! I see no other condition which is so much a cause for the arising of as yet unarisen skillful conditions, and for the development and fruition of skillful conditions already arisen, as Right View …”[8]
* * *
“Monks! When there is wrong view, bodily kamma created as a result of that view, verbal kamma created as a result of that view, and mental kamma created as a result of that view, as well as intentions, aspirations, wishes and mental proliferations, are all productive of results that are undesirable, unpleasant, disagreeable, yielding no benefit, but conducive to suffering. On what account? On account of that pernicious view. It is like a margosa seed, or a seed of the bitter gourd, planted in moist earth. The soil and water taken in as nutriment are wholly converted into a bitter taste, an acrid taste, a foul taste. Why is that? Because the seed is not good.
“Monks! When there is Right View, bodily kamma created as a result of that view, verbal kamma created as a result of that view, and mental kamma created as a result of that view, as well as intentions, aspirations, wishes and mental proliferations, are all yielding of results that are desirable, pleasant, agreeable, producing benefit, conducive to happiness. On what account? On account of those good views. It is like a seed of the sugar cane, a seed of wheat, or a fruit seed which has been planted in moist earth. The water and soil taken in as nutriment are wholly converted into sweetness, into refreshment, into a delicious taste. On what account is that? On account of that good seed …”[9]
* * *
“Monks! There is one whose birth into this world is not for the benefit of the many, not for the happiness of the many, but for the ruin, for the harm of the manyfolk, for the suffering of both Devas and men. Who is that person? It is the person with wrong view, with distorted views. One with wrong view leads the many away from the truth and into falsehood …
“Monks! There is one whose birth into this world is for the benefit of the many, for the happiness of the many, for growth, for benefit, for the happiness of Devas and men. Who is that person? It is the person with Right View, who has undistorted views. One with Right View leads the many away from falsehood, and toward the truth …”
“Monks! I see no other condition which is so harmful as wrong view. Of harmful things, monks, wrong view is the greatest.”[10]
* * *
“All conditions have mind as forerunner, mind as master, are accomplished by mind. Whatever one says or does with a defective mind brings suffering in its wake, just as the cartwheel follows the ox’s hoof … Whatever one says or does with a clear mind brings happiness in its wake, just as the shadow follows its owner.”[11]
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1. Understanding the Law of Kamma
Buddhism teaches that all things, both material and immaterial, are entirely subject to the direction of causes and are interdependent. This natural course of things is called in common terms “the law of nature,” and in the Pali language niyama, literally meaning “certainty” or “fixed way,” referrin…That’s Empowered Jambudīpa Universe
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Heartiest congratulations and best wishes on World Buddhist Dhamma (Panchsheel) Flag Day
· See original ·
35) Classical Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate English,Roman,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGRnuA-m9AMEmpowered Jambudīpa UNIVERSE wishes Happiness, welfare and peace for all 365 NEW DAYS for 365 NEW CHANCES
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In Buddhism
The Buddhist cosmology divides the bhūmaṇḍala (circle of the earth) into three separate levels:
Kāmadhātu (Desire realm), Rūpadhātu (Form realm), and Ārūpyadhātu (Formless realm). In the Kāmadhātu is located Mount Sumeru which is said to be surrounded by four island-continents.
“The southernmost island is called Jambudīpa”. The other three continents of Buddhist accounts around Sumeru are not accessible to humans from Jambudīpa.
Jambudīpa is shaped like a triangle with a blunted point facing south, somewhat like the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. In its center is a gigantic Jambu tree from which the continent takes its name, meaning “Jambu Island”.
Jambudipa, one of the four Mahādīpas, or great continents, which are included in the Cakkavāla and are ruled by a Cakkavatti. They are grouped round Mount Sumeru. In Jambudīpa is Himavā with its eighty-four thousand peaks, its lakes, mountain ranges, etc.
This continent derives its name from the Jambu-tree (also called Naga) which grows there, its trunk fifteen yojanas in girth, its outspreading branches fifty yojanas in length, its shade one hundred yojanas in extent and its height one hundred yojanas (Vin.i.30; SNA.ii.443; Vsm.i.205f; Sp.i.119, etc.)
On account of this tree, Jambudīpa is also known as Jambusanda (SN.vs.552; SNA.i.121). The continent is ten thousand yojanas in extent; of these ten thousand, four thousand are covered by the ocean, three thousand by the Himālaya mountains, while three thousand are inhabited by men (SNA.ii.437; UdA.300).
Jambudvīpa is the region where the humans live and is the only place where a being may become awakened by being born as a human being. It is in Jambudvīpa that one may receive the gift of Dhamma and come to understand the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path
and ultimately realize the liberation from the cycle of life and death.
Another reference is from the Buddhist text Mahavamsa, where the emperor Ashoka’s son Mahinda introduces himself to the Sri Lankan king Devanampiyatissa as from Jambudvipa, referring to
what is now the Prabuddha Bharatian subcontinent. This is Based In the Kṣitigarbha Sūtra in the Mahayana.
Jambudīpa in geopolitical sense
The term Jambudīpa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd century BC, same terminology is then repeated in
subsequent inscriptions for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD which also describes the region, presumably Prabuddha Bharat , as Jambudīpa the Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore and the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency)
was ruled by the nava-Nanda, Gupta-kula, Mauryya kings ; then the Rattas ruled it : after whom were the Chalukyas; then the Kalachuryya family; and after them the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’’
Another, at Kubatur, expressly states that Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south of the Bharata-kshetra of Jambudīpa :
this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many inscriptions, of which Bandanikke (Bandalike in Shimoga) seems to have been the chief town.
And further, a record to be noticed below says that the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas.
—
Annual Report Of Mysore 1886 To 1903
Mount Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit)or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to which is added the approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning “excellent Meru” or “wonderful Meru”.
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Kannada inscriptions
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About 25,000 inscriptions found in Karnataka and states near by belongs to Kannada rulers like Kadambas, Western Ganga Dynasty, Rashtrakuta, Chalukya, Hoysala and Vijayanagara Empire.
Many inscriptions related to Jainism are unearthed. The inscriptions generally found are on stone (Shilashasana) or copper plates (Tamarashasana).
The Kannada inscriptions (Old Kannada,Kadamba script) found on historical Hero Stone,coin & temple wall, piller,tablet & rock edict.
These Inscription have contributed towards Kannada literature and helped to classify as Proto Kannada, Pre Old Kannada, Old Kannada, Middle Kannada and New Kannada. Inscriptions depicts culture, tradition and prosperity of those era.
The world wide recognized literature Ramayana and Mahabharata are transferred through generation by these Inscription Hazara Rama Temple and Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple are the best
example.
578 CE Mangalesha Kannada inscription in Cave temple # 3 at Badami 634CE Aihole inscription of Ravi Kirti
Prabuddha Bharatian inscriptions, Prabuddha Bharatian copper plate inscriptions, Early Prabuddha Bharatian epigraphy, Epigraphia Carnatica, History of Karnataka, Timeline of Karnataka, Etymology of Karnataka, and Old Kannada § Origin
Kannada inscriptions -
About 25,000 inscriptions found in Karnataka and states near by belongs to Kannada rulers like Kadambas, Western Ganga Dynasty, Rashtrakuta, Chalukya, Hoysala and Vijayanagara Empire. Many inscriptions related to Jainism are unearthed.
The inscriptions generally found are on stone (Shilashasana)….
Earliest Kannada inscriptions
Halmidi inscription of 450 AD
9th century AD Old Kannada inscription on Hero Stone in Kalleshvara Temple at Aralaguppe.
The first written record in Kannada traced to Ashoka’s Brahmagiri edict dating back to around 250 BC, Tagarthi inscription dates back to 350 AD. The stone inscription (dated 370 CE) found at Talagunda near Shiralakoppa in the taluk during excavation
by the Archaeological Survey of Prabuddha Bharat in 2013-14 is now said to be the earliest Kannada inscription.
Nishadi Inscription of 400 AD of Chandragiri hill (Shravanabelagola), Halmidi inscription of 5th century AD and
Aihole inscriptions are very important in the history of
Kannada and Karnataka.
5th century Tamatekallu inscription of Chitradurga and 500 CE
Chikkamagaluru inscription.The earliest known Kannada inscription in Bengaluru region traced to the reign of Sripurusha was discovered in 2018 in Hebbal.
There are few Kannada words found in the edicts and inscriptions those are prior to the Christian era in places as far as
Egypt.
Brahmagiri rock inscription of Ashoka
Ashoka rock edict at Brahmagiri in Chitradurga district is the ancient site of Ishila. An inscription there contains this most ancient Kannada word.
The earliest recorded word of Kannada is Isila occurring in the Brahmagiri rock inscription of 252 BC (similar to many other inscriptions with Kannada
words).
Tagarthi inscription
A Dr. S. Shettar completed a detailed palaeographic study over 10 years, finding five to six inscriptions that are older than Halmidi inscription (in Poorvada Halegannada dialect).
The inscription is a mix of Brahmi, Kannada and Nagari scripts. One of those found at Tagarthi (within the Gangavadi region in Shimoga district) dates to 350 AD, during the Ganga dynasty.
This study pushed the date push back by at least a century. The
historian Suryanath Kamath also agree with the findings of Dr S.
Shettar.
Gunabhushitana Nishadi inscription
M. G. Manjunath an epigraphist Mysore based scholar discovered 400 AD Gunabhushitana Nishadi inscription of Jainism one of the 271 inscriptions on Chandragiri hill of Shravanabelagola found near Parshwanatha Basadi, which is 50 years older than Halmidi inscription.
It is mentioned in the Epigraphia Karnataka. There are Prakrit, Sanskrit and Purvada Halegannada (Old Kannada words. The four lined inscription has six words. The inscription is in Shatavahana Brahmi and Aadi Ganga script.
M. Chidananda Murthy also agree that Gunabhushitana Nishadi Shasana was a Kannada inscription (in Purvada Halegannada script).
Halmidi inscription
The 5th century AD Halmidi inscription 16-line earliest Kannada
inscription found at Halmidi in Belur taluk of Hassan district on
rectangular sandstone ( 2.5 ft height and 1 ft width) has a Vishnu
Chakra on its top.
The language of the inscription is in Poorvada Halegannada ( Proto-Kannada). Archaeologist M. H. Krishna found the Brahmi script in the inscription.
Shifted the inscription to Archaeological Museum, Mysore and later to Government Museum in Bangalore. Epigraphia Karnataka has dedicated a chapter to study of the inscription.
The linguists and writers Govinda Pai, M. Chidananda
Murthy, T. V. Venkatachala Sastry, Ram Sri Mugali, R.S. Panchamukhi, D.L. Narasimhachar, and M. M. Kalburgi studied the inscription and published papers.
Writers G. S. Gai,T. A.Gopinatha Rao,T. N. Srikantaiah, Shivarama Aithala,S. Nagaraju,S. Srikanta Sastri,M. Mariyappa Bhatta,M. B.Neginahal,K. V. Ramesh,Devarakondareddy and K. M.Hanumantha Rao have discussed the important issues raised by Halmidi inscription in their books.
Tamatakallu inscriptions
Chitradurga district is home for most ancient inscriptions written in archaic Kannada script.As per epigraphist Dr. B. Rajashekharappa the inscriptions known as Veeragallu at Tamatakal village written in Kannada script belongs mostly to
end of Fifth Century or beginning of Sixth Century, describes the nature and achievements of Gunamadhura who ruled Masikapura (ancient name of Tamatakal), he was frivolous, generous and kind person.
he was a favourite among women (Despite being of dark
complexion), because of his kind nature. In 1903 by the historian late B. L. Rice discovered the inscriptions, Dr. Rajashekharappa found new aspects.
9th century AD Old Kannada inscription on Hero Stone in Kalleshvara Temple at Aralaguppe
Karnataka inscriptions of Kannada dynasties
EV Ramasamy Naiker and Dr BR Ambedkar followers of Buddha and Ashoka through their succesful mission united the peope of Jambudipa to empoer the Universe for all people
Main
articles:
Kannada literature, Chalukya dynasty § Literature, Western
Chalukya literature in Kannada, Rashtrakuta literature, Hoysala
literature, Medieval Kannada literature, Vijayanagara literature in
Kannada, and Mysore literature in Kannada Yuan dynasty (1271–1368)
Chinese mandala depicting Mount Meru as an inverted pyramid topped by a lotus.
According to Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam (philosophical writings), Sumeru is 80,000 yojanas tall. The exact measure of one yojana is uncertain, but some accounts put it at about 24,000 feet, or
approximately 4-1/2 miles, but other accounts put it at about 7-9 miles.
It also descends beneath the surface of the surrounding waters to a depth of 80,000 yojanas, being…
They contain
the followers of the Four Great Kings, namely nāgas, yakṣas,
gandharvas, and kumbhāṇḍas.
The names and dimensions of the terraces on the lower slopes of Sumeru are given below:
Name
Height above the sea
Breadth
Length (on one side)
Cāturmahārājika
40,000 yojanas
2,000 yojanas
24,000 yojanas
Sadāmada
30,000 yojanas
4,000 yojanas
32,000 yojanas
Mālādhara
20,000 yojanas
8,000 yojanas
48,000 yojanas
Karoṭapāni
10,000 yojanas
16,000 yojanas
80,000 yojanas
Below Sumeru, in the seas around it, is the abode of the Asuras who are at war with the Trāyastriṃśa gods.
Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) Chinese mandala depicting Mount Meru as an inverted pyramid topped by a Abandonment
Certain traditional Buddhist ideas about the world are incompatible with modern science and have been abandoned by numerous modern Buddhists.
One of the most well known of these ideas is Mount Meru. According to Donald S. Lopez Jr., “the human realm that Buddhist texts describe is a flat earth, or perhaps more accurately a flat ocean, its waters contained by a ring of iron mountains.
In that ocean is a great central mountain, surrounded in the four cardinal directions by island continents.”
As Lopez notes, as early as the 18th century, Buddhist scholars like
Tominaga Nakamoto (1715–1746) began to question this classical Buddhist cosmography, holding that they
were adopted by the Buddha from Prabuddha Bharatian theories, but that they were incidental and thus not at the heart of Buddha’s teaching.
While some traditional Buddhists did defend the traditional cosmology, others like Shimaji Mokurai (1838–1911) argued
that it was not
foundational to Buddhism and was merely an element of Prabuddha Bharatian mythology.
Others like Kimura Taiken (1881–1930), went further and argued that this traditional cosmography was not part of original Buddhism.
The issue of Mount Meru was also discussed by modern
Buddhist intellectuals like Gendün Chöphel and the 14th Dalai Lama.
According to Chöphel, the Meru cosmology is a provisional teaching
taught in accord with the ideas of ancient India, but not appropriate
for the modern era.
Similarly, the 14th Dalai Lama writes that “my own view is that Buddhism must abandon many aspects of the Abhidharma
cosmology”.
The Dalai Lama sees the falsehood of this traditional cosmology as not affecting the core of Buddhism (the teaching of the four noble truths and liberation) since it is “secondary to the account
of the nature and origins of sentient beings”
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Gautam Buddha Quotes on Peace - Buddha Quotes - Buddha - Buddhism - Buddha Teachings - Lord Buddha
Lessons 4669 Thu 5 Jan 2023 JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE NOW IS ALL THAT YOU HAVE
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
grows vegetables &
Fruits Plants in pots to live
like free birds to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.
After
getting up at 3:45 AM take bath and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic
Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
Powerful Women Empowerment Slogans, Taglines & Phrases
in
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Jambudipa%20Universe&iax=images&ia=images&iai=https://www.iskcon-truth.com/bhu-mandala/greater-earth-plane/04000000.png&atb=v354-1
Powerful Women Empowerment Slogans, Taglines & Phrases
Catchy Women Empowerment Slogans
& Fruits Plants in pots to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE. After getting up at 3:45 AM take bath
and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
& vrugte plante in potte om Honger op Goeie Aarde en RUIMTE te oorkom. Nadat jy om 03:45 opgestaan het, gaan bad en doen Boeddhiste Patanjali Yogic Meditation in- en uitasem in alle posisies van die liggaam.
. për të kapërcyer urinë në Tokë dhe Hapësirë të Mirë. Pasi të ngriheni në orën 3:45 të mëngjesit, bëni dush
። ከጠዋቱ 3፡45 ላይ ከተነሱ በኋላ ገላዎን ይታጠቡ እና ቡዲስቶች ፓታንጃሊ ዮጂክ ሜዲቴሽን በሁሉም የሰውነት ቦታዎች ወደ ውስጥ እስትንፋስ እና እስትንፋስ ያድርጉ።
Բույսեր
ভাল পৃথিৱী আৰু মহাকাশত ক্ষুধা জয় কৰিবলৈ। ৰাতিপুৱা ৩:৪৫ বজাত উঠাৰ পিছত গা ধুই কৰি বৌদ্ধ পতঞ্জলি যোগ ধ্যান কৰি শৰীৰৰ সকলো অৱস্থাতে উশাহ আৰু উশাহ এৰিব।
Suma Uraqin ukhamarak ESPACIO ukan Manq’at pist’añ atipjañataki. 3:45 AM pachar sartañ tukuyasax bañar ukat budistas Patanjali Meditación Yogica luraña inhalación ukat exhalación taqi posiciónes del cuerpo.
Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe & Meyvələr Yaxşı Yerdə və Kosmosda Aclığa qalib gəlmək. Səhər saat 3:45-də oyandıqdan sonra vanna qəbul edin və Buddistlərin Patanjali Yogic Meditasiyasını bədənin bütün mövqelərində nəfəs alaraq və çıxarın.
Lessons 4667 Tue 3 Jan 2023 JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
grows vegetables &
Fruits Plants in pots to live
like free birds to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.
After
getting up at 3:45 AM take bath and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic
Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
in
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Jambudipa%20Universe&iax=images&ia=images&iai=https://www.iskcon-truth.com/bhu-mandala/greater-earth-plane/04000000.png&atb=v354-1
&花盆里的植物 在大地和太空中克服饥饿。，并在身体的各个位置做佛教徒帕坦伽利瑜伽冥想吸气和呼气。
&花盆裡的植物 在大地和太空中克服飢餓。，並在身體的各個位置做佛教徒帕坦伽利瑜伽冥想吸氣和呼氣。& 植物 鉢植え グッドアースとスペースで飢餓を克服する.、仏教徒のパタンジャリ ヨガ瞑想を体のあらゆる位置で息を吸ったり吐いたりします。 & រុក្ខជាតិ ក្នុងផើង ដើម្បីយកឈ្នះលើភាពអត់ឃ្លាននៅលើផែនដីល្អ និងលំហ។ ហើយធ្វើសមាធិ Patanjali Yogic របស់ពុទ្ធសាសនិក ដកដង្ហើមចូល និងដកដង្ហើមចេញគ្រប់ទីតាំងនៃរាងកាយ។ & 식물 화분 좋은 지구와 공간에서 기아를 극복하기 위해.을 하고 불교도인 파탄잘리 요가 명상을 몸의 모든 자세에서 들숨과 날숨을 합니다. & ພືດ ໃນກະຖາງ ເພື່ອເອົາຊະນະຄວາມອຶດຫິວໃນໂລກທີ່ດີແລະພື້ນທີ່. ແລະ ເຮັດສະມາທິ ພຸດທະສາສະນິກະຊົນ Patanjali Yogic Meditation inhaling and exhalation in all positions of the body. & Tumbuhan dalam pasu untuk mengatasi Kelaparan di Bumi dan ANGKASA yang Baik. dan lakukan Meditasi Yogic Patanjali Buddha menarik dan menghembus nafas dalam semua posisi badan. & အပင်များ အိုး ကောင်းသောကမ္ဘာနှင့် အာကာသတွင် ဆာလောင်မှုကို ကျော်လွှားရန် လွတ်လပ်သောငှက်များကဲ့သို့ နေထိုင်ရန်။ ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာဝင်တို့ ရဲ့ Patanjali Yogic တရားထိုင်ပြီး ခန္ဓာကိုယ် အနေအထား အားလုံးကို ရှုစားပါ။ & පැල භාජන වල යහපත් පෘථිවියේ සහ අවකාශයේ කුසගින්න ජය ගැනීමට. & ต้นไม้ ในกระถาง เพื่อเอาชนะความหิวโหยบน Good Earth and SPACE และทำสมาธิแบบโยคิกแบบชาวพุทธ Patanjali Yogic หายใจเข้าและหายใจออกในทุกตำแหน่งของร่างกาย & Cây trong chậu để vượt qua nạn đói trên Trái đất và KHÔNG GIAN tốt lành. và thực hiện Thiền Yoga Patanjali của Phật tử hít vào và thở ra ở tất cả các vị trí của cơ thể.
Lessons 4666 Mon 2 Jan 2023 JAMBUDIPA UNIVERSE
Wise,Intelligent
people of All Major religions in the world of
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,
grows vegetables &
Fruits Plants in pots to live
like free birds to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE.
After
getting up at 3:45 AM take bath and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic
Meditation inhaling and exhaling in all positions of the body.
Do Meditative Mindful Swimming from 5 am to 6:30 AM
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
Mindful Swimming
A Brief History of the Internet
Wish you All Happy New year 
May you all be well, happy and healthy. May you all cultivate noble qualities. May you all be free from suffering. 
Saccam bhane na kujjheyya
dajja appampi yacito
etehi tihi thanehi
gacche devana santike.
One
should speak the truth, one should not yield to anger, one should give
when asked even if it is only a little. By means of these three, one may
go to the world of the devas.
-Dhammapada Verse 224
https://usg.edu/galileo/skills/unit07/internet07_02.phtml
A Brief History of the Internet
Sharing Resources
The
Internet started in the 1960s as a way for government researchers to
share information. Computers in the ’60s were large and immobile and in
order to make use of information stored in any one computer, one had to
either travel to the site of the computer or have magnetic computer
tapes sent through the conventional postal system.
Another
catalyst in the formation of the Internet was the heating up of the Cold
War. The Soviet Union’s launch of the Sputnik satellite spurred the
U.S. Defense Department to consider ways information could still be
disseminated even after a nuclear attack. This eventually led to the
formation of the ARPANET (Advanced…
& Plants in pots to live to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE. and do Buddhists Patanjali Yogic
& ಸಸ್ಯಗಳು ಕುಂಡಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬದುಕಲು پودے گملوں میں 
& మొక్కలు కుండీలలో స్వేచ్ఛా పక్షుల్లా జీవించడానికి. & தாவரங்கள் தொட்டிகளில் . & ٻوٽا برتنن ۾ سٺي ڌرتي ۽ خلا تي بک کي ختم ڪرڻ لاءِ. & पौधे घटेषु सुपृथिव्याः अन्तरिक्षे च क्षुधां दूरीकर्तुं। कर बौद्ध पतंजलि योग ध्यान कर श्वास श्वास छोड़कर शरीर के सभी स्थानों में। & ਪੌਦੇ ਬਰਤਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਪੰਛੀਆਂ ਵਾਂਗ ਰਹਿਣ ਲਈ। & nts nts nts ଉଦ୍ଭିଦ in ହାଣ୍ଡି बोटबिरुवा भाँडोमा राम्रो पृथ्वी र स्पेसमा भोक हटाउन। & झाडे भांड्यांमध्ये चांगल्या पृथ्वी आणि अंतराळावर भुकेवर मात करण्यासाठी. & ചെടികൾ ചട്ടിയിൽ & ಸಸ್ಯಗಳು ಕುಂಡಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಉಚಿತ ಪಕ್ಷಿಗಳಂತೆ ಬದುಕಲು. & છોડ પોટ્સમાં अच्छी पृथ्वी और अंतरिक्ष पर भूख को दूर करने के लिए। करें और बौद्ध पतंजलि यौगिक ध्यान करें और शरीर की सभी स्थितियों में श्वास लें और छोड़ें। & গছ পাত্ৰত ভাল পৃথিৱী আৰু মহাকাশত ক্ষুধা জয় কৰিবলৈ। কৰি বৌদ্ধ পতঞ্জলি যোগ ধ্যান কৰি শৰীৰৰ সকলো অৱস্থাতে উশাহ আৰু উশাহ এৰিব।
Lessons 4661 Wed 28 Dec 2022
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
Jambudipan civilisation can be traced back to thousands of years, and many
influences and peoples have entered it over the years, modifying and
enriching the cuisine.
So what stories does this evidence tell us?
Early
humans lived off hunting animals and gathering or foraging from the
forests. Cave paintings from Bhimbetka, for instance, show men and women
hunting and the animals they hunted including deer, bison, gaur, tiger,
rhinoceros and even the giraffe and ostrich which are no longer found
in India. There are pictures of women gathering fruits with long baskets
on their backs or of women kneading dough.
With
the entry of agriculture and rudimentary animal husbandry, there is
more physical evidence. Cereals like barley and wheat begin to be found
as well as fruits such as ber 
and dates
. There are signs of the
domestication of sheep, goat and buffalo. Then came larger settlements
with much animal food, oats, more varieties of wheat and wine grapes
.
Perhaps the onager— an early form of the horse— or the horse itself was
domesticated too.
Moving on to the civilisation,
starting from around 10,000 years BP, the staple diet was still wheat
and barley. Some species of millets have been found at Surkotada— ragi,
sorghum and amaranth grains have also been found at other sites. Pulses
such as peas, channa, masur, mung and kulthi have been found before 1500
BCE. These people also knew of oilseeds such as sesame, rai and
linseed. Judging from a piece of jewelry and a bowl shaped like a
coconut found it appears that the coconut may also have been known.
Fruits such as dates, melon
, lemon
, pomegranate 
and banana
have left
some traces.
Meat was consumed in abundance— land , sea and river
animals. An interesting fact is that the Jambudipian jungle fowl, which the
Harappans knew of, is the progenitor of all domestic poultry in the
world.
Agriculture was known to these cities and settlements. Clay
models of ploughs have been found. Remains of perhaps the earliest
ploughed field in the world have been found at Kalibangan, around the
turn of the third millennium BCE. Widely spaced north-south furrows were
found with closer spaced east-west furrows at right angles to them.
Even today, channa dal is grown on wide furrows in Rajasthan so as not
to cast shadows on the shorter mustard plants at right angles to them— a
remarkable continuity of agricultural practice.
Water was
provided through flood irrigation and supplemented by seasonal rains.
Remains of clay pots, assumed to be fixed on water wheels.
There
were elaborate granaries and arrangements for the transport and storage
of food grains and evidence of this has been found across the cities of
this civilisation.
Moving on to what may be called the post
Harappan phase, what were the changes in the diet?
Agriculture became the
mainstay and source of the dietary staples. Ploughed, irrigated and even
fertilised fields provided much of the food. Barley, rice and wheat
remained the basic food grains. The seminal and most important trio of
masha (urad), masoor and and mudga (mung) became more significant than
ever.
Supplementary foods such as vegetables 
and food crops,
pepper
, grapes 
and sugarcane were raised on village outskirts and banks
of rivers.
It would be instructive to consider a few of the most important foods that are still eaten and see how they began.
Earliest
forms of barley are found in the Middle East. In the Jambudipian
subcontinent, it has been found more than 8000 years BP in Mehrgarh and
later in Kalibangan, Mohenjodaro, Chhanudaro etc. down
to 500 BCE, barley was the main staple grain. That position was lost as time went
by.
Wheat has a similar story. Originating in the Middle East, it
has been found first in Mehrgarh and then in many other towns on the
banks of the Sindhu. On an examination of the
varieties found in Jambudipa, in the early 20th century, four varieties were
found to have persisted for 3,500 years— again a remarkable continuity.
Oryza
Sativa or Asiatic Rice is native to the Jambudipian subcontinent and has
flowed out from here with the movement of people. From the Munda word
“jom” which means “to eat”, it is thought to have become “chom-la” and
then “chaval”, the Hindi word for rice. As for physical evidences of
rice cultivation, terraced fields perfect for rice cultivation have been
found in Kashmir dating to as long ago as 10,000 BCE. The earliest
finds are from northern and north-western Jambudipa and evidence suggests a
later arrival into the south of India. From the Tamil word “arise” which travelled to Europe and
became rice.
Ragi and jowar are known to have originated in
Africa. Ragi has been found in the Deccan in about 1800 BCE and jowar in
Rajasthan around the same time.
Of the aforementioned masha, mudga and masur— which recur in Sanskrit
literature— the first two are indigenous to Jambudipa. Masur is one of the
oldest of cultivated grains and may have originated in Turkey or Iran.
The
ubiquity of some of these grains gave rise to certain other uses also.
For instance, rati or gunja seeds are the basis of the system of weights
in the Harappan civilisation, both the binary series and the decimal
series.
This same gunja seed is the starting point of the famous
series of weights set down in the centuries later. The
masha bean, apart from being used as the name of the most prevalent coin
during the Mauryan period, was also used for this weight series.
In
this series, for all goods except precious metals and stones, the basic
weight was a dharana which was 320 gunja seeds or 640 masha beans or
14,080 white mustard seeds.
Measures of length were also based on natural objects like grain. Barley corn as the basic unit of length— eight yavas
are one angula, 24 angulas are one hasta, four hastas are one danda,
1000 dandas are one krosha and four kroshas are one yojana or 5.2 km in
the metric system.
Of the spices, turmeric is native to Jambudipa.
Ginger is native to south-east Asia but wild forms have grown very early
in Jambudipa, too. Garlic and onion are native to what is now Afghanistan
but are not mentioned in literature till the second century BCE
where they are forbidden to those seeking an austere life.
What were the ways of preparing and eating food?
The
Harappans definitely ground their grain. Remains of many large-scale
pounding platforms, probably used by the state, as well as domestic
grinding stones have been found. Mud plastered ovens with a side opening
resembling present-day tandoors have been found as well as mud chulhas.
Remains of metal and clay plates resembling tavas point to preparation
of baked chapatis. Clay vessels for boiling barley and rice have also
been found. Frying pans, serving dishes (with a fitted cover, too),
cups, dippers, ladles of shell and knives of chert have also been found.
The tandoors may well have roasted the domesticated fowl.
Remains from Farmana have recently been analysed to show that cooking
was done with the use of ginger garlic and turmeric; “proto-curry” as it
is called.
In the period, barley was the major grain eaten.
It was fried and consumed as cakes, called “apupa”, dipped in ghee and
honey. The modern eastern pua and malpua are direct descendants of
apupa. It was also boiled or parched and powdered and then mixed with
water, ghee, milk or curds to give “karambha”.
Rice was cooked
with water, the dish called “odana” or “bhataka” which was bath or the
modern bhath of the east. “Kshira” was rice cooked with milk. A
forerunner of khichdi existed as a mixture of rice and dal. Boiled rice
was eaten with many accompaniments like curds, ghee, mung, beans or meat
preparations. “Chipita” was flattened rice, the modern chivda.
The
dish “kulmasha”, masha with gud and oil, resembles the ghugri of today.
Thin and thick barley gruels were popular. Masha, mung, masur and
channa were eaten as a soup ( the vedic “sups” or “yusa” from where the
word soup originates).
The “vataka”, forerunner of the modern
vada, was made of soaked, coarsely ground and fermented dal shaped and
fried. Dals were also made into “purpatas” or papads.
A word must
be said about milk and milk products. Cattle were an integral part of
life and culture. The milk of the cow was most important though the milk
of the buffalo and goat also find mention. Milk was consumed fresh from
the udder or boiled, mixed with soma juice or as cream. Milk was
curdled with starters or various green materials and eaten with rice ,
barley or soma juice.
There were many ways of consuming curds.
After churning and dilution, when it carried butter globules, it was
called “parasadjya”. Two forms of “dadhanwat” may be what we call paneer
and ripened cheese today. “Ghrta” or ghee was a commodity of enormous
prestige made by melting down and desiccating butter. It was used for
frying, mixing with soma juice and dipping as relish. “Shikharini”, an
old form of the shrikhand, was prepared by mixing strained curds, sugar
and spices. The popularity of curds can be judged from the fact that
there were even professional curd sellers at “maithikas” or curd-shops
during the Mauryan period.
The palao or pulao is ascribed to
Arabic origins yet rice and meat dishes have a hoary ancestry in
Sanskrit literature. References are found as long ago as the Valmiki
Ramayan. The word itself is found in the Yagyavalkya Smriti as
“pallaomevach” and in early Tamil literature of the third century CE
too.
The kabab, too, could perhaps be traced to the tradition of roasting meats described in the epics.
Fruits
and vegetables
have been known in this landmass for a very long time
but during the period, they really came into their own.
The
date, bel
and ber
are the earliest fruits. The mango
is indigenous to
India and the first mention comes probably in the as “saha” for
the “sahakara” or mango; it is definitely there in the Shatpatha
Brahmana, dated about 1000 BCE. The “amlaka” or amla is mentioned in the same time. Fig, jamun, coconut, banana,
jackfruit, palm, tendu
, grapes
, phalsa
, karaunda
and ingudi
are all
mentioned in the Buddhist
corpus.
Vegetables first mentioned in are the lotus
stem and the cucumber
(urvaruka) and then the lotus root, bottle gourd
and the singhada and many flavoring materials such as methi, mahua
flowers, and maduga (the southern marugu). Yams, spinach and leafy
vegetables are mentioned in Buddhist and Jain literature. Kautilya has a
list of vegetables as does Panini. The Valmiki Ramyan is a veritable
treasure trove of the fruits and vegetables found at the time. The
ingudi is a prominent fruit, used by Lord Ram for the pind daan of his
father when he receives the news of his death while in exile.
Frying
was done using both ghrta and other vegetable oils such as sesame oil
and mustard oil. In fact, the oil of the sesame or til, known as “tail”
then, became the generic name for all vegetable oils. It may be noted
that both Sushruta and Charaka, the vaidyas of yore, cautioned against
daily and excessive consumption of fried foods.
In the early
Vedic period, salt was a rarity but later it was obtained from natural
sources such as rocks, rivers, seas, lakes etc. It was a state monopoly
under the Mauryans with a special Superintendent for Salt. It would have
been very expensive for the consumers; six taxes had to be paid on it.
The famous Khewra Salt mines, in the north- west, are said to have been
discovered when one of Alexander’s horses was found licking a rock which
turned out to be a lump of rock salt. It was a prolific and significant
salt mine for centuries.
Early spices and condiments include
mustard, sour citrus, turmeric (haridra or today’s haldi) and long
pepper apart from black pepper, hing, ginger, cumin, cloves, myrobalan
and vinegar. The Epic period has mentions of coriander, cardamom,
cinnamon, spikenard, nutmeg and aloes.
As far as sweet foods are
concerned, honey was the earliest sweetener and, later, sugarcane and
its extracts were used. “Sharkara” or shakkar is an original Indian
product made from sugarcane and there were many kinds of products and
sweets made by mixing this with other things like til, wheat , rice or
barley flour. “Mandaka” or mande was like the Maharashtrian puran poli.
“Gulalalavaniya” was a tiny puffed up puri eaten both sweet and salted,
the modern gol papadi perhaps? “Hayapunna” is the modern ghevara. Of
course, rice cooked in milk and sugar, “payasa” or kheer has never lost
its popularity.
What was the philosophy of food, the theory and practice?
The
Upanishads say that man consists of the essence of food, from food all
creatures are produced and by food they grow. Apart from nutrition, of
seminal importance are the spiritual qualities of food and its
connection with the higher purpose of living.
Connected to this is the concept of hospitality and the merit of sharing food.
Many
ancient practices are only now being understood for their nutritional
and health value. Parching and puffing of grains breaks down
carbohydrates and proteins and makes grains easily digestible. Another
early Indian concept of sprouting increases the vitamin content of the
grains and breaks down iron to make it easily available to the body.
Pickling conserves vitamins for use when fresh food is not available.
Another good practice is the use of plenty of green and leafy vegetables
for meals, and consumption of fruits. The blending of different types
of proteins by mixing cereals and dals together leads to a higher
quality of total proteins from both sources, more than if they are taken
separately. Khichdi, dosa, idli, dhokla and khaman are examples of such
foods.
Food was not merely for eating but had medicinal value and
the giants of medicine, Sushruta and Charaka , writing 2,700 years BP,
set down the principles and practice of Ayurveda which brings the
well-being of body, mind and spirit in harmony. Diet is said to be the
most important way of achieving this harmony. Charaka says that without a
proper diet, medicines are of no use.
Ayurveda’s principles
have long influenced the choice taste and texture of our food. A
balanced dietary regimen should include all six major tastes, namely
sweet, sour, salty, astringent, pungent and bitter. Traditional meals
for weddings, for instance, still follow this injunction.
Recent days have seen a revival of Indian so called “super foods”, many of which trace their origins to the ancient period.
In
conclusion, here is some food for thought: the Arthashastra describes a
balanced meal for a man as follows— 500 gms of rice, 125 gms of dal, 56
gms of oil and five gms of salt. This is the same as the essentials in
the recommended balanced diet that the Indian Council for Medical
Research laid down in 1987. Ancient food wisdom for today!
Lessons 4659 Mon 26 & 4660 Tue 27 Dec 2022
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We were in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We are in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
We continue to be in
ETERNAL,GLORIFIED,FRIENDLY,BEN
He who Overcomes sense desire,
Scolding, slaying, and other bonds,
He who stands still like a mountain,
Is unshaken by pleasure or pain.
“But what, Master Gotama, is a gap, a break, a spot, a blemish of the holy life?”
“There
is the case, brahman, where a certain contemplative or brahman, while
claiming to be one who rightly follows the holy life, doesn’t actually
engage in copulating with a woman but he does consent to being anointed,
rubbed down, bathed, or massaged by a woman. He enjoys that, wants more
of that, and luxuriates in that. This is a gap, a break, a spot, a
blemish of the holy life. He is called one who lives the holy life in an
impure way, one who is fettered by the fetter of sexuality. He is not
freed from birth, aging, & death, from sorrows, lamentations, pains,
griefs, & despairs. He is not freed, I tell you, from suffering
& stress.
“Or… he jokes, plays, and amuses himself with a woman. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in that.…
“Or… he stares into a woman’s eyes. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in that.…
“Or…
he listens to the voices of women outside a wall as they laugh, speak,
sing, or cry. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in
that.…
“Or… he recollects how he used to laugh, converse, and
play with a woman. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in
that.…
“Or… he sees a householder or householder’s son enjoying
himself endowed with the five strings of sensuality. He enjoys that,
wants more of that, and luxuriates in that.…
“Or… he practices
the holy life intent on being born in one or another of the deva hosts,
(thinking) ‘By this virtue or practice or abstinence or holy life I will
be a deva of one sort or another.’ He enjoys that, wants more of that,
and luxuriates in that. This is a gap, a break, a spot, a blemish of the
holy life. He is called one who lives the holy life in an impure way,
one who is fettered by the fetter of sexuality. He is not freed from
birth, aging, & death, from sorrows, lamentations, pains, griefs,
& despairs. He is not freed, I tell you, from suffering &
stress.
“And, brahman, as long as I saw that one or another of these
seven fetters of sexuality was not abandoned in myself, I did not claim
to have directly awakened to the right self-awakening unexcelled in the
cosmos with its devas, Māras, & Brahmās, in this generation with its
contemplatives & brahmans, their royalty & commonfolk. But when
I did not see any one of these seven fetters of sexuality unabandoned
in myself, then I did claim to have directly awakened to the right
self-awakening unexcelled in the cosmos with its devas, Māras, &
Brahmās, in this generation with its contemplatives & brahmans,
their royalty & commonfolk. Knowledge & vision arose in me:
‘Unprovoked is my release. This is the last birth. There is now no
further becoming.’”
https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/AN/AN7_47.html
The word Jambudipa literally refers to “the land of Jambu trees” where jambu (Syzygium cumini) grows.
He who Overcomes sense desire,
Scolding, slaying, and other bonds,
He who stands still like a mountain,
Is unshaken by pleasure or pain.
“But what, Master Gotama, is a gap, a break, a spot, a blemish of the holy life?”
“There
is the case, brahman, where a certain contemplative or brahman, while
claiming to be one who rightly follows the holy life, doesn’t actually
engage in copulating with a woman but he does consent to being anointed,
rubbed down, bathed, or massaged by a woman. He enjoys that, wants more
of that, and luxuriates in that. This is a gap, a break, a spot, a
blemish of the holy life. He is called one who lives the holy life in an
impure way, one who is fettered by the fetter of sexuality. He is not
freed from birth, aging, & death, from sorrows, lamentations, pains,
griefs, & despairs. He is not freed, I tell you, from suffering
& stress.
“Or… he jokes, plays, and amuses himself with a woman. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in that.…
“Or… he stares into a woman’s eyes. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in that.…
“Or…
he listens to the voices of women outside a wall as they laugh, speak,
sing, or cry. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in
that.…
“Or… he recollects how he used to laugh, converse, and
play with a woman. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in
that.…
“Or… he sees a householder or householder’s son enjoying
himself endowed with the five strings of sensuality. He enjoys that,
wants more of that, and luxuriates in that.…
“Or… he practices
the holy life intent on being born in one or another of the deva hosts,
(thinking) ‘By this virtue or practice or abstinence or holy life I will
be a deva of one sort or another.’ He enjoys that, wants more of that,
and luxuriates in that. This is a gap, a break, a spot, a blemish of the
holy life. He is called one who lives the holy life in an impure way,
one who is fettered by the fetter of sexuality. He is not freed from
birth, aging, & death, from sorrows, lamentations, pains, griefs,
& despairs. He is not freed, I tell you, from suffering &
stress.
“And, brahman, as long as I saw that one or another of these
seven fetters of sexuality was not abandoned in myself, I did not claim
to have directly awakened to the right self-awakening unexcelled in the
cosmos with its devas, Māras, & Brahmās, in this generation with its
contemplatives & brahmans, their royalty & commonfolk. But when
I did not see any one of these seven fetters of sexuality unabandoned
in myself, then I did claim to have directly awakened to the right
self-awakening unexcelled in the cosmos with its devas, Māras, &
Brahmās, in this generation with its contemplatives & brahmans,
their royalty & commonfolk. Knowledge & vision arose in me:
‘Unprovoked is my release. This is the last birth. There is now no
further becoming.’”
Jambudvipa in geopolitical sense
Edit
The
term Jambudvipa is used by Ashoka perhaps to represent his realm in 3rd
century BC, same terminology is then repeated in subsequent
inscriptions for instance Mysorean inscription from the tenth century AD
which also describes the region, presumably India, as Jambudvipa.[14]
‘
the Kuntala country (which included the north-western parts of Mysore
and the southern parts of the Bombay Presidency) was ruled by the
nava-Nanda, Gupta-kula, Mauryya kings ; then the Rattas ruled it : after
whom were the Chalukyas; then the Kalachuryya family; and after them
the (Hoysala) Ballalas.’’ Another, at Kubatur, expressly states that
Chandra Gupta ruled the Naga-khanda in the south of the Bharata-kshetra
of Jambu dvipa : this is the Nagara-khanda Seventy of so many
inscriptions, of which Bandanikke (Bandalike in Shimoga) seems to have
been the chief town. And fuidher, a record to be noticed below says that
the daughters of the Kadamba king were given in marriage to the Guptas.
— Annual Report Of Mysore 1886 To 1903
Mount
Meru (also Sumeru (Sanskrit) or Sineru (Pāli) or Kangrinboqe) is the
name of the central world-mountain in Buddhist cosmology.
Etymologically, the proper name of the mountain is Meru (Pāli Meru), to
which is added the approbatory prefix su-, resulting in the meaning
“excellent Meru” or “wonderful Meru”.[1]
Bhutanese thangka of Mount Meru and the Buddhist universe, 19th century, Trongsa Dzong, Trongsa, Bhutan
He who Overcomes sense desire,
Scolding, slaying, and other bonds,
He who stands still like a mountain,
Is unshaken by pleasure or pain.
“But what, Master Gotama, is a gap, a break, a spot, a blemish of the holy life?”
“There
is the case, brahman, where a certain contemplative or brahman, while
claiming to be one who rightly follows the holy life, doesn’t actually
engage in copulating with a woman but he does consent to being anointed,
rubbed down, bathed, or massaged by a woman. He enjoys that, wants more
of that, and luxuriates in that. This is a gap, a break, a spot, a
blemish of the holy life. He is called one who lives the holy life in an
impure way, one who is fettered by the fetter of sexuality. He is not
freed from birth, aging, & death, from sorrows, lamentations, pains,
griefs, & despairs. He is not freed, I tell you, from suffering
& stress.
“Or… he jokes, plays, and amuses himself with a woman. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in that.…
“Or… he stares into a woman’s eyes. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in that.…
“Or…
he listens to the voices of women outside a wall as they laugh, speak,
sing, or cry. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in
that.…
“Or… he recollects how he used to laugh, converse, and
play with a woman. He enjoys that, wants more of that, and luxuriates in
that.…
“Or… he sees a householder or householder’s son enjoying
himself endowed with the five strings of sensuality. He enjoys that,
wants more of that, and luxuriates in that.…
“Or… he practices
the holy life intent on being born in one or another of the deva hosts,
(thinking) ‘By this virtue or practice or abstinence or holy life I will
be a deva of one sort or another.’ He enjoys that, wants more of that,
and luxuriates in that. This is a gap, a break, a spot, a blemish of the
holy life. He is called one who lives the holy life in an impure way,
one who is fettered by the fetter of sexuality. He is not freed from
birth, aging, & death, from sorrows, lamentations, pains, griefs,
& despairs. He is not freed, I tell you, from suffering &
stress.
“And, brahman, as long as I saw that one or another of these
seven fetters of sexuality was not abandoned in myself, I did not claim
to have directly awakened to the right self-awakening unexcelled in the
cosmos with its devas, Māras, & Brahmās, in this generation with its
contemplatives & brahmans, their royalty & commonfolk. But when
I did not see any one of these seven fetters of sexuality unabandoned
in myself, then I did claim to have directly awakened to the right
self-awakening unexcelled in the cosmos with its devas, Māras, &
Brahmās, in this generation with its contemplatives & brahmans,
their royalty & commonfolk. Knowledge & vision arose in me:
‘Unprovoked is my release. This is the last birth. There is now no
further becoming.’”
https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/AN/AN7_47.html
Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) Chinese mandala depicting Mount Meru as an inverted pyramid topped by a Abandonment
Edit
Certain
traditional Buddhist ideas about the world are incompatible with modern
science and have been abandoned by numerous modern Buddhists. One of
the most well known of these ideas is Mount Meru. According to Donald S.
Lopez Jr., “the human realm that Buddhist texts describe is a flat
earth, or perhaps more accurately a flat ocean, its waters contained by a
ring of iron mountains. In that ocean is a great central mountain,
surrounded in the four cardinal directions by island continents.”[2]
As
Lopez notes, as early as the 18th century, Buddhist scholars like
Tominaga Nakamoto (1715–1746) began to question this classical Buddhist
cosmography, holding that they were adopted by the Buddha from Indian
theories, but that they were incidental and thus not at the heart of
Buddha’s teaching.[3] While some traditional Buddhists did defend the
traditional cosmology, others like Shimaji Mokurai (1838–1911) argued
that it was not foundational to Buddhism and was merely an element of
Indian mythology.[4] Others like Kimura Taiken (1881–1930), went further
and argued that this traditional cosmography was not part of original
Buddhism.[5]
The issue of Mount Meru was also discussed by modern
Buddhist intellectuals like Gendün Chöphel and the 14th Dalai Lama.
According to Chöphel, the Meru cosmology is a provisional teaching
taught in accord with the ideas of ancient India, but not appropriate
for the modern era.[6] Similarly, the 14th Dalai Lama writes that “my
own view is that Buddhism must abandon many aspects of the Abhidharma
cosmology”.[7] The Dalai Lama sees the falsehood of this traditional
cosmology as not affecting the core of Buddhism (the teaching of the
four noble truths and liberation) since it is “secondary to the account
of the nature and origins of sentient beings”.[8]
See also
Edit
• Semeru — a mountain in Indonesia, named after Sumeru
• Mandala (Southeast Asian history)
Kannada inscriptions
Article Talk
Language
Watch
Edit
About
25,000 inscriptions found in Karnataka and states near by[1] belongs to
Kannada rulers like Kadambas, Western Ganga Dynasty, Rashtrakuta,
Chalukya, Hoysala and Vijayanagara Empire. Many inscriptions related to
Jainism are unearthed. The inscriptions generally found are on stone
(Shilashasana) or copper plates (Tamarashasana). The Kannada
inscriptions (Old Kannada, Kadamba script) found on historical Hero
Stone, coin and temple wall, piller, tablet and rock edict. These
Inscription have contributed towards Kannada literature and helped to
classify as Proto Kannada, Pre Old Kannada, Old Kannada, Middle Kannada
and New Kannada. Inscriptions depicts culture, tradition and prosperity
of those era. The world wide recognized literature Ramayana and
Mahabharata are transferred through generation by these Inscription
Hazara Rama Temple and Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple are the best
example.
578 CE Mangalesha Kannada inscription in Cave temple # 3 at Badami
Earliest Kannada inscriptions
Edit
Halmidi inscription of 450 AD
9th century AD Old Kannada inscription on Hero Stone in Kalleshvara Temple at Aralaguppe
The
first written record in Kannada traced to Ashoka’s Brahmagiri edict
dating back to around 250 BC, Tagarthi inscription dates back to 350
AD.[2][3] The stone inscription (dated 370 CE) found at Talagunda near
Shiralakoppa in the taluk during excavation by the Archaeological Survey
of India (ASI) in 2013-14 is now said to be the earliest Kannada
inscription.[4] Nishadi Inscription of 400 AD of Chandragiri hill
(Shravanabelagola), Halmidi inscription of 5th century AD[5][6] and
Aihole inscriptions are very important in the history of Kannada and
Karnataka. 5th century Tamatekallu inscription of Chitradurga and 500 CE
Chikkamagaluru inscription. The earliest known Kannada inscription in
Bengaluru region traced to the reign of Sripurusha was discovered in
2018 in Hebbal.[7] There are few Kannada words found in the edicts and
inscriptions those are prior to the Christian era in places as far as
Egypt.[8]
Brahmagiri rock inscription of Ashoka
Ashoka rock edict
at Brahmagiri in Chitradurga district is the ancient site of Ishila. An
inscription there contains this most ancient Kannada word. The earliest
recorded word of Kannada is Isila occurring in the Brahmagiri rock
inscription of 252 BC (similar to many other inscriptions with Kannada
words).[9]
Tagarthi inscription
A Dr. S. Shettar completed a
detailed palaeographic study over 10 years, finding five to six
inscriptions that are older than Halmidi inscription (in Poorvada
Halegannada dialect). The inscription is a mix of Brahmi, Kannada and
Nagari scripts. One of those found at Tagarthi (within the Gangavadi
region in Shimoga district) dates to 350 AD, during the Ganga dynasty.
This study pushed the date push back by at least a century. The
historian Suryanath Kamath also agree with the findings of Dr S.
Shettar.[10]
Gunabhushitana Nishadi inscription
M. G. Manjunath an
epigraphist Mysore based scholar discovered 400 AD Gunabhushitana
Nishadi inscription of Jainism one of the 271 inscriptions on
Chandragiri hill of Shravanabelagola found near Parshwanatha Basadi,
which is 50 years older than Halmidi inscription. It is mentioned in the
Epigraphia Karnataka. There are Prakrit, Sanskrit and Purvada
Halegannada (Old Kannada words. The four lined inscription has six
words. The inscription is in Shatavahana Brahmi and Aadi Ganga script.
M. Chidananda Murthy also agree that Gunabhushitana Nishadi Shasana was a
Kannada inscription (in Purvada Halegannada script).[11]
Halmidi inscription
The
5th century AD[5][6] Halmidi inscription 16-line earliest Kannada
inscription found at Halmidi in Belur taluk of Hassan district on
rectangular sandstone ( 2.5 ft height and 1 ft width) has a Vishnu
Chakra on its top. The language of the inscription is in Poorvada
Halegannada ( Proto-Kannada). Archaeologist M. H. Krishna found the
Brahmi script in the inscription. Shifted the inscription to
Archaeological Museum, Mysore and later to Government Museum in
Bangalore. Epigraphia Karnataka has dedicated a chapter to study of the
inscription. The linguists and writers Govinda Pai, M. Chidananda
Murthy, T. V. Venkatachala Sastry, Ram Sri Mugali, R.S. Panchamukhi,
D.L. Narasimhachar, and M. M. Kalburgi studied the inscription and
published papers. Writers including G. S. Gai, T. A. Gopinatha Rao, T.
N. Srikantaiah, Shivarama Aithala, S. Nagaraju, S. Srikanta Sastri, M.
9th century AD Old Kannada inscription on Hero Stone in Kalleshvara Temple at Aralaguppe
Karnataka inscriptions of Kannada dynasties
Edit
Main
articles: Kannada literature, Chalukya dynasty § Literature, Western
Chalukya literature in Kannada, Rashtrakuta literature, Hoysala
literature, Medieval Kannada literature, Vijayanagara literature in
Kannada, and Mysore literature in Kannada
Old Kannada inscription of 983 CE on Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar at Shravanabelagola
The Karnataka inscriptions are mainly categories as mentioned below
Kadambas inscriptions
• Halmidi inscription - Kadamba Coins and the earliest Kannada inscription
• Talagunda pillar inscription
• Halasi Inscriptions of Kadambas of Halasi
• Chandravalli rock inscription.
• In AD 475-490 Mrigesavarman of Kadambas of Halasi inscription there is mention about Yapaniya.
Western Ganga Dynasty inscriptions
• Mahakuta Pillar
• Kappe Arabhatta
• Badami Inscriptions
• Gadag inscription of Vikramaditya VI
• Sudi Inscriptions
• 610AD Peddavaduguru inscription of Pulakeshin II
Rashtrakuta inscriptions
• Kavirajamarga
•
Ninth century Kannada stone inscription of Rashtrakuta period unearthed
near Tumbi Kere (tank) at Halekumur village in Byadgi Takuk. The
inscription is about Rashtrakuta rulers donating 200 acres to Siddarevar
Singh to construct a tank.[16]
• Navalinga Temple inscriptions Kuknur.
• Northernmost Kannada inscription of the Rashtrakutas of 964 AD is the Jura record found near Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh.
• Inscriptions related to Dantidurga
Hoysala inscriptions
Vijayanagara Empire inscriptions
Vengi Chalukya inscriptions
Yadava inscriptions
Kalachuri Inscriptions
Kannada copper plates and manuscripts
Edit
Main articles: Indian copper plate inscriptions and Palm-leaf manuscript
• The 8th century AD oldest Kannada copper plate inscription found at Belmannu in Karkala taluk of Udupi district.
• Western Ganga Dynasty Tumbula inscriptions of 444 AD
• The 8th century AD Aluvarasa II of Alupas copper plate inscription in Kannada.
• The 1430 AD Vijayanagara empire Devarajapuram copper plate
inscription having state-deity Virupaksha’s signature at the bottom in
Kannada script to certify a grant of land to Brahmins (by King Devaraya
II (1425-1446))
Coins bearing Kannada inscription
Edit
Kadamba Coin of Shanthivarma, 5th century Kannada legend Sri Manarashi
• The 5th Century copper coin in archaic Kannada script found at
Banavasi.[17] One side has five letter inscription Sri Manaragi and
symbol of Ujjain on other side.
• Coins bearing Kannada inscription
• Pagodas and Fanams with Kannada inscription were the coinage of Alupas.
• Kadamba Coins
• Lari (fish hook money)
• Sudi and Lakkundi coins mint (Tankhashaley)
• Honnu or Gadyana of Hoysala
• Kalachuri Kannada Coinage
Kadamba Coin of Shanthivarma, 5th century Kannada legend Sri Manarashi
People associated with Kannada inscriptions and manuscripts
Edit
• People associated with the study of Kannada inscriptions
• Shivakotiacharya’s Vaddaradhane
• Nagavarma I
• Phakirappa Gurubasappa Halakatti
• Aluru Venkata Rao
• Parabrahma Sastry
Characteristics
Edit
Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) Chinese mandala depicting Mount Meru as an inverted pyramid topped by a lotus.
According
to Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam (philosophical writings), Sumeru
is 80,000 yojanas tall. The exact measure of one yojana is uncertain,
but some accounts put it at about 24,000 feet, or approximately 4-1/2
miles, but other accounts put it at about 7-9 miles. It also descends
beneath the surface of the surrounding waters to a depth of 80,000
yojanas, being…
[6:15 am, 27/12/2022] Chandrasekharan J: They contain
the followers of the Four Great Kings, namely nāgas, yakṣas,
gandharvas, and kumbhāṇḍas.
The names and dimensions of the terraces on the lower slopes of Sumeru are given below:
Name
Height above the sea
Breadth
Length (on one side)
Cāturmahārājika
40,000 yojanas
2,000 yojanas
24,000 yojanas
Sadāmada
30,000 yojanas
4,000 yojanas
32,000 yojanas
Mālādhara
20,000 yojanas
8,000 yojanas
48,000 yojanas
Karoṭapāni
10,000 yojanas
16,000 yojanas
80,000 yojanas
Below Sumeru, in the seas around it, is the abode of the Asuras who are at war with the Trāyastriṃśa gods.
Yuan dynasty (1271–1368) Chinese mandala depicting Mount Meru as an inverted pyramid topped by a Abandonment
Edit
Certain
traditional Buddhist ideas about the world are incompatible with modern
science and have been abandoned by numerous modern Buddhists. One of
the most well known of these ideas is Mount Meru. According to Donald S.
Lopez Jr., “the human realm that Buddhist texts describe is a flat
earth, or perhaps more accurately a flat ocean, its waters contained by a
ring of iron mountains. In that ocean is a great central mountain,
surrounded in the four cardinal directions by island continents.”[2]
As
Lopez notes, as early as the 18th century, Buddhist scholars like
Tominaga Nakamoto (1715–1746) began to question this classical Buddhist
cosmography, holding that they were adopted by the Buddha from Indian
theories, but that they were incidental and thus not at the heart of
Buddha’s teaching.[3] While some traditional Buddhists did defend the
traditional cosmology, others like Shimaji Mokurai (1838–1911) argued
that it was not foundational to Buddhism and was merely an element of
Indian mythology.[4] Others like Kimura Taiken (1881–1930), went further
and argued that this traditional cosmography was not part of original
Buddhism.[5]
The issue of Mount Meru was also discussed by modern
Buddhist intellectuals like Gendün Chöphel and the 14th Dalai Lama.
According to Chöphel, the Meru cosmology is a provisional teaching
taught in accord with the ideas of ancient India, but not appropriate
for the modern era.[6] Similarly, the 14th Dalai Lama writes that “my
own view is that Buddhism must abandon many aspects of the Abhidharma
cosmology”.[7] The Dalai Lama sees the falsehood of this traditional
cosmology as not affecting the core of Buddhism (the teaching of the
four noble truths and liberation) since it is “secondary to the account
of the nature and origins of sentient beings”.[8]
See also
Edit
• Semeru — a mountain in Indonesia, named after Sumeru
• Mandala (Southeast Asian history)
[6:16 am, 27/12/2022] Chandrasekharan J: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kannada_inscriptions
Kannada inscriptions
Article Talk
Language
Watch
Edit
About
25,000 inscriptions found in Karnataka and states near by[1] belongs to
Kannada rulers like Kadambas, Western Ganga Dynasty, Rashtrakuta,
Chalukya, Hoysala and Vijayanagara Empire. Many inscriptions related to
Jainism are unearthed. The inscriptions generally found are on stone
(Shilashasana) or copper plates (Tamarashasana). The Kannada
inscriptions (Old Kannada, Kadamba script) found on historical Hero
Stone, coin and temple wall, piller, tablet and rock edict. These
Inscription have contributed towards Kannada literature and helped to
classify as Proto Kannada, Pre Old Kannada, Old Kannada, Middle Kannada
and New Kannada. Inscriptions depicts culture, tradition and prosperity
of those era. The world wide recognized literature Ramayana and
Mahabharata are transferred through generation by these Inscription
Hazara Rama Temple and Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple are the best
example.
578 CE Mangalesha Kannada inscription in Cave temple # 3 at Badami
[6:16 am, 27/12/2022] Chandrasekharan J: 634CE Aihole inscription of Ravi Kirti
Main
articles: Indian inscriptions, Indian copper plate inscriptions, Early
Indian epigraphy, Epigraphia Carnatica, History of Karnataka, Timeline
of Karnataka, Etymology of Karnataka, and Old Kannada § Origin
Earliest Kannada inscriptions
Edit
Halmidi inscription of 450 AD
9th century AD Old Kannada inscription on Hero Stone in Kalleshvara Temple at Aralaguppe
The
first written record in Kannada traced to Ashoka’s Brahmagiri edict
dating back to around 250 BC, Tagarthi inscription dates back to 350
AD.[2][3] The stone inscription (dated 370 CE) found at Talagunda near
Shiralakoppa in the taluk during excavation by the Archaeological Survey
of India (ASI) in 2013-14 is now said to be the earliest Kannada
inscription.[4] Nishadi Inscription of 400 AD of Chandragiri hill
(Shravanabelagola), Halmidi inscription of 5th century AD[5][6] and
Aihole inscriptions are very important in the history of Kannada and
Karnataka. 5th century Tamatekallu inscription of Chitradurga and 500 CE
Chikkamagaluru inscription. The earliest known Kannada inscription in
Bengaluru region traced to the reign of Sripurusha was discovered in
2018 in Hebbal.[7] There are few Kannada words found in the edicts and
inscriptions those are prior to the Christian era in places as far as
Egypt.[8]
Brahmagiri rock inscription of Ashoka
Ashoka rock edict
at Brahmagiri in Chitradurga district is the ancient site of Ishila. An
inscription there contains this most ancient Kannada word. The earliest
recorded word of Kannada is Isila occurring in the Brahmagiri rock
inscription of 252 BC (similar to many other inscriptions with Kannada
words).[9]
Tagarthi inscription
A Dr. S. Shettar completed a
detailed palaeographic study over 10 years, finding five to six
inscriptions that are older than Halmidi inscription (in Poorvada
Halegannada dialect). The inscription is a mix of Brahmi, Kannada and
Nagari scripts. One of those found at Tagarthi (within the Gangavadi
region in Shimoga district) dates to 350 AD, during the Ganga dynasty.
This study pushed the date push back by at least a century. The
historian Suryanath Kamath also agree with the findings of Dr S.
Shettar.[10]
Gunabhushitana Nishadi inscription
M. G. Manjunath an
epigraphist Mysore based scholar discovered 400 AD Gunabhushitana
Nishadi inscription of Jainism one of the 271 inscriptions on
Chandragiri hill of Shravanabelagola found near Parshwanatha Basadi,
which is 50 years older than Halmidi inscription. It is mentioned in the
Epigraphia Karnataka. There are Prakrit, Sanskrit and Purvada
Halegannada (Old Kannada words. The four lined inscription has six
words. The inscription is in Shatavahana Brahmi and Aadi Ganga script.
M. Chidananda Murthy also agree that Gunabhushitana Nishadi Shasana was a
Kannada inscription (in Purvada Halegannada script).[11]
Halmidi inscription
The
5th century AD[5][6] Halmidi inscription 16-line earliest Kannada
inscription found at Halmidi in Belur taluk of Hassan district on
rectangular sandstone ( 2.5 ft height and 1 ft width) has a Vishnu
Chakra on its top. The language of the inscription is in Poorvada
Halegannada ( Proto-Kannada). Archaeologist M. H. Krishna found the
Brahmi script in the inscription. Shifted the inscription to
Archaeological Museum, Mysore and later to Government Museum in
Bangalore. Epigraphia Karnataka has dedicated a chapter to study of the
inscription. The linguists and writers Govinda Pai, M. Chidananda
Murthy, T. V. Venkatachala Sastry, Ram Sri Mugali, R.S. Panchamukhi,
D.L. Narasimhachar, and M. M. Kalburgi studied the inscription and
published papers. Writers including G. S. Gai, T. A. Gopinatha Rao, T.
N. Srikantaiah, Shivarama Aithala, S. Nagaraju, S. Srikanta Sastri, M.
[6:17
am, 27/12/2022] Chandrasekharan J: Mariyappa Bhatta, M. B. Neginahal,
K. V. Ramesh, Devarakondareddy and K. M. Hanumantha Rao have discussed
the important issues raised by Halmidi inscription in their books.[12]
Tamatakallu inscriptions
Chitradurga
district is home for most ancient inscriptions written in archaic
Kannada script. As per epigraphist Dr. B. Rajashekharappa the
inscriptions known as Veeragallu at Tamatakal village written in Kannada
script belongs mostly to end of Fifth Century or beginning of Sixth
Century, describes the nature and achievements of Gunamadhura who ruled
Masikapura (ancient name of Tamatakal), he was frivolous, generous and
kind person. he was a favourite among women (Despite being of dark
complexion), because of his kind nature. In 1903 by the historian late
B. L. Rice discovered the inscriptions, Dr. Rajashekharappa found new
aspects.[13]
9th century AD Old Kannada inscription on Hero Stone in Kalleshvara Temple at Aralaguppe
Karnataka inscriptions of Kannada dynasties
Edit
Main
articles: Kannada literature, Chalukya dynasty § Literature, Western
Chalukya literature in Kannada, Rashtrakuta literature, Hoysala
literature, Medieval Kannada literature, Vijayanagara literature in
Kannada, and Mysore literature in Kannada
Old Kannada inscription of 983 CE on Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar at Shravanabelagola
The Karnataka inscriptions are mainly categories as mentioned below
Kadambas inscriptions
• Halmidi inscription - Kadamba Coins and the earliest Kannada inscription
• Talagunda pillar inscription
• Halasi Inscriptions of Kadambas of Halasi
• Chandravalli rock inscription.
• In AD 475-490 Mrigesavarman of Kadambas of Halasi inscription there is mention about Yapaniya.
Western Ganga Dynasty inscriptions
[6:18 am, 27/12/2022] Chandrasekharan J: Old Kannada inscription of 983 CE on Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar at Shravanabelagola
[6:19 am, 27/12/2022] Chandrasekharan J: Old Kannada inscription at Vindyagiri Shravanabelagola
• The 981 CE Old Kannada inscription at Vindyagiri Shravanabelagola
• Hebbal-Kittayya inscription at Hebbal, Bangalore[14][15]
• Doddahundi nishidhi inscription
• Atakur inscription
• The 983 CE Tyagada Brahmadeva Pillar at Shravanabelagola
• Shravanabelagola inscription of Nandisena
• Tumbula inscriptions of 444 AD, Sanskrit-Kannada inscription, the Kannada words are used to describe the land boundaries.
• Western Ganga Kannada writings
Chalukya inscriptions
•
The 634CE Aihole inscription of Ravi Kirti (minister and poet of Badami
Chalukya Pulakeshin II) available at the Meguti temple, the inscription
is a eulogy of Pulakeshin II and his conquests.
• 750CE inscription stone found in 2018 at Hebbal referring to the region as Perbolu nadu[15]
• Mahakuta Pillar
• Kappe Arabhatta
• Badami Inscriptions
• Gadag inscription of Vikramaditya VI
• Sudi Inscriptions
• 610AD Peddavaduguru inscription of Pulakeshin II
Rashtrakuta inscriptions
• Kavirajamarga
•
Ninth century Kannada stone inscription of Rashtrakuta period unearthed
near Tumbi Kere (tank) at Halekumur village in Byadgi Takuk. The
inscription is about Rashtrakuta rulers donating 200 acres to Siddarevar
Singh to construct a tank.[16]
• Navalinga Temple inscriptions Kuknur.
• Northernmost Kannada inscription of the Rashtrakutas of 964 AD is the Jura record found near Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh.
• Inscriptions related to Dantidurga
Hoysala inscriptions
Vijayanagara Empire inscriptions
Vengi Chalukya inscriptions
Yadava inscriptions
Kalachuri Inscriptions
Kannada copper plates and manuscripts
Edit
Main articles: Indian copper plate inscriptions and Palm-leaf manuscript
• The 8th century AD oldest Kannada copper plate inscription found at Belmannu in Karkala taluk of Udupi district.
• Western Ganga Dynasty Tumbula inscriptions of 444 AD
• The 8th century AD Aluvarasa II of Alupas copper plate inscription in Kannada.
• The 1430 AD Vijayanagara empire Devarajapuram copper plate
inscription having state-deity Virupaksha’s signature at the bottom in
Kannada script to certify a grant of land to Brahmins (by King Devaraya
II (1425-1446))
Coins bearing Kannada inscription
Edit
Kadamba Coin of Shanthivarma, 5th century Kannada legend Sri Manarashi
• The 5th Century copper coin in archaic Kannada script found at
Banavasi.[17] One side has five letter inscription Sri Manaragi and
symbol of Ujjain on other side.
• Coins bearing Kannada inscription
• Pagodas and Fanams with Kannada inscription were the coinage of Alupas.
• Kadamba Coins
• Lari (fish hook money)
• Sudi and Lakkundi coins mint (Tankhashaley)
• Honnu or Gadyana of Hoysala
• Kalachuri Kannada Coinage
[6:20 am, 27/12/2022] Chandrasekharan J: Kadamba Coin of Shanthivarma, 5th century Kannada legend Sri Manarashi
Kadamba Coin of Shanthivarma, 5th century Kannada legend Sri Manarashi
People associated with Kannada inscriptions and manuscripts
Edit
• People associated with the study of Kannada inscriptions
• Shivakotiacharya’s Vaddaradhane
• Nagavarma I
• Phakirappa Gurubasappa Halakatti
• Aluru Venkata Rao
• Parabrahma Sastry
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Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,
to Attain Eternal Bliss by Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Ben
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BUDDHA the CHANDRASEKHARA ’s UNIVERSE IS WITHIN YOU
Lesson 4656 Fri 23 Dec 2022
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& Fruits 
Plants in pots to live like free birds 
to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE along with Meditative Mindful Swimming Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,
to Attain Eternal Bliss by Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,BenEternal Glorified Friendly Benevolent Compassionate AWAKENED ONE
BUDDHA the CHANDRASEKHARA ’s UNIVERSE IS WITHIN YOU
JC
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Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate AWAKENED ONE Islam
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Peoples life during Jambudipa period
Lesson 4655 Thu 22 Dec 2022
New Universal Education Policy paved the way for transformative reform by
& Fruits Plants in pots to live like free birds to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE along with Meditative Mindful Swimming Eternal,Glorified,Friendly, to Attain Eternal Bliss by Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,BenEternal Glorified Friendly Benevolent Compassionate AWAKENED ONE
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Lab
Pictures of Vegetables and Fruits with names – we will provide you
with a list containing the names of the vegetables and fruits. This
article contains various pictures and photos of vegetables and fruits of
different types along with their names in different languages. The
picture of papaya looks great and tastes delicious.
Table of Contents
Fruits and Vegetables! List of fruits and vegetables with images.
Learn these names of vegetables and fruits to enhance your vocabulary
words in English.
If you are in an English speaking country you may decide to go out
for something to eat, or perhaps you might go shopping for food and
experience the need to ask for a specific fruit or vegetable. In this
case, you will need to know the correct English names for fruits and
vegetables.
There are many different fruits and vegetables but it doesn’t have to
be difficult to learn them all, simply learning a few each day can
greatly build your vocabulary.
A fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants formed from the ovary after flowering. While, Vegetables are certain parts of plants that are consumed by humans as food such as peas, beans, cabbage, potatoes…
Learn names of fruits in English.
Fruit Names
List of vegetables in English with picture.
Vegetable Names
List of Vegetables | Image
We have covered all the essential names of the fruits and vegetables
in this topic by making a list that will help you improve your
vocabulary and provide you with complete knowledge about them.
Fruits and Vegetables are the best and natural sources of nutrients
and other minerals, proteins, and other essential parts that our body
needs. There are many fruits and vegetables available in the market and
in our local surroundings, which we can directly obtain from trees and
our neighbors, or we can purchase them from the markets.
The fruits are the fleshy or juicy part of the trees or plants
obtained by the production of flowers and seed-bearing parts of a plant.
The fruits are enriched with the essential nutrients and all the
healthy ingredients required by our bodies. It is proved that consuming
fruits on a regular basis will make you strong and healthy, and also it
will boost the immunity power that will protect you from diseases.
Not only are fruits and vegetables an essential part of a healthy
diet, they are also essential words that English language learners must
learn. Students are likely to encounter fruits and vegetables on a daily
basis at the supermarket, at home at meal times, or when they visit a
restaurant. Below you’ll find a list of fruits and vegetables in English with pictures. First, let’s take a look at fruit names in English.
Here is a list of fruit names in English:
Here is a list of vegetable names in English:
Fruits and vegetables! In this lesson, you will learn a list of
useful vegetables and fruits names in English with ESL picture to
broaden your vocabulary.
List of vegetables in English
List of fruits in English
List of examples of vegetables and fruits in English.
Fruits and vegetables!!! Here, we list some common fruits and
vegetables in English with example sentences. This list will help you
improve and expand your English vocabulary.
It is common knowledge that both fruits and vegetables provide
generally healthy benefits for you and me. Both are always present in
any diet plan aimed for healthy living.
Aside from the fact they are both parts of plants, what are the other
similarities shared by the two? And incidentally, are there any
significant differences between fruits and vegetables?
Both share the distinction of coming from plants and both provide
nutrition and health benefits if consumed. Some fruits are even
classified as vegetables at the same time. However, there are also
differences between the two. Basing on taste, fruits generally have a
sweet or tart flavor profile that can come quite handy for desserts,
juices, and snacks. Vegetables on the other hand are eaten as part of a
dish or main course because of the mild and savory taste they have.
Learn more about the list of tropical fruits in English.
1. Fruits are higher have higher levels of sugar and calories compared to vegetables.
For example, a cup of apples contains 13 grams of sugar and 65
calories. This is quite high compared to, say, one cup of broccoli with
just 2 grams of sugar and 31 calories.
2. Some plant parts that we thought are vegetables are actually
fruits. Take bell peppers for example. They are considered as fruits
along with cucumbers and pumpkins. Wrap your head with that.
3. Berries are fruits that develop from a single
flower and single ovary. This means bananas are considered asberries. Up
there with grapes and kiwis. Mind blown.
4. The adage that frozen vegetables and fruits are less nutritious
than fresh ones are not true. They are nutritious in every form.
5. Brussels sprouts are considered as the least favorite or enjoyable vegetable in many countries around the world.
6. Lactose intolerant? Go and eat figs for your daily calcium requirement instead of milk. They are high in calcium and a cup of dried ones equals to a cup of milk.
7. Peppers help wounds heal faster. They can promote blood clotting and equalize blood pressure.
8. Skip the coffee and munch on an apple instead. Apples can give
more energy than coffee thanks to the high carbohydrate, vitamin, and
mineral content.
A vegetable is a plant of which root, stem, leaf, seed, flower, or
fruit is used for human consumption. Vegetables can be eaten raw,
cooked, or frozen.
Vegetables are a great source of nutrition, and they can be found
everywhere, from supermarkets to restaurants. But you probably didn’t
know the names of many vegetables. Here’s a list of commonly-used
vegetable names with pictures.
You know that there are many vegetables out there with incredible
health benefits. It’s important to be aware of the different types of
vegetables, as well as their nutritional benefits, this list has it all!
Artichoke is an edible vegetable containing many small,
tightly-packed leaves with a choke in the center. The edible portion is
the heart of the plant, which has tiny hairs around it.
Ash gourd has a firm, crisp texture and a slightly sweet taste. It is
commonly used in Asian cooking. It can be found in many forms in the
market, including precooked and canned. In addition, the green leaves
are used for wrapping sushi rolls or rice balls in Japan.
Asparagus is a vegetable with long, green, stringy pieces of stalks.
It is often cooked or eaten raw. In addition, the stalks are often eaten
boiled, steamed, or grilled.
Avocado is a fruit that is native to Central and South America. It is
a relative of the pear, olive, and chia seed. It is considered
essential for healthy cell function.
Bell pepper has a sweet taste and is orange, red, green, or yellow.
Bell pepper can be eaten raw or cooked. They are also called Capsicum
annuum.
Beetroot is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. It is most often consumed raw, boiled, roasted, or grilled.
Bitter Gourd is prepared by boiling and then mashing. It is also
called ngah-bissu or karela, and it has many health benefits, such as
lowering blood sugar levels, and is a rich source of antioxidants.
Bok choy is a member of the cabbage family. It has large, dark green
leaves and white buds that are edible. The stalks are crunchy, but the
leaves are soft. Bok choy is eaten raw in salads or stir-fried.
Broccoli is green in color with thick, dark green leaves. It contains
many nutrients, including vitamin C, calcium, potassium, and folic
acid. It also has fiber and is considered to be a cruciferous vegetable.
Cabbage is the plant family Brassicaceae. It is white or purple,
often with thick green leaves. There are many varieties of cabbage, some
with crinkly leaves like savoy, others smooth like Napa cabbage.
Carrots are usually orange or yellow and contain high levels of
beta-carotene. They can be eaten raw, juiced, processed into juice and
other products, or cooked.
Cauliflower is a white brassica vegetable. Cauliflower is also eaten raw and can be used in salads and sides.
Celery is primarily used as an ingredient for soup. In addition,
celery has small leaves that are often used as wraps or twists around
pieces of bread or other food items to make an appetizer.
Chayote is a green, pear-shaped squash that is round and smooth on
the outside and has a pale interior. It is also known as mirliton,
vegetable pear, and christophine. It can be eaten raw or cooked.
Collard greens are a type of leafy green vegetable. They are often
cooked in broth, sautéed in olive oil, or combined with other vegetables
for a soup.
Coriander is a fresh, citrusy plant that adds an intense aroma to dishes. It can be used as both an herb or spice.
Corn is a cereal grain that is used to make Cornmeal. When ground and
cooked, Cornmeal is a food called “cornbread.” Its stalks can be eaten
as vegetables. Corn has many uses in today’s society, including animal
feed and biofuel production.
Eggplant is a vegetable that is long and egg-shaped. It is very
versatile and can be used in many different ways. Eggplant can also be
deep-fried, boiled, or grilled.
There are two main types of endive, commonly referred to as Belgian
endive and regular endive. The leaves are rolled into tubes that can be
used in salads or raw to eat with dips.
Fennel is a plant grown for its leaves, seeds, stems, and flowers. It is a type of herb that can be used to flavor food.
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Garlic is a bulbous plant with a strong and pungent odor and flavor.
It is perhaps the most well-known member of the allium family. It can be
used in cooking and seasoning bread, stews, soups, sauces, marinades,
dressings, dips, and condiments.
Ginger is a type of herb that is often used in cooking. It has a
spicy, pungent taste. It is sometimes served with honey to tone down the
spice.
Green beans are also known as string beans in the United States and runner beans in the United Kingdom.
Green chilies are a variety of chili pepper with a bright, lime green
color. They can come in any size and shape, depending on the variety.
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Horseradish is an herb best known for its spicy, tangy flavor. It is a
root vegetable used in hot sauces and the traditional condiment,
“mornay sauce.”
Kohlrabi is a type of vegetable, which is also known as “chili
cabbage” or “chili leaves.” It is consumed mainly in Central Asian
countries.
Knol Khol, is a vegetable found in the Cucurbitaceae family. It is a
long, thin, dark green stem that can be used as a vegetable.
The leek is a type of vegetable, which grows in a long spiral shape. It has a mild, onion-like flavor and can be cooked in soup.
The tangy taste of lemon is what makes it so popular. It is mainly of
citric acid, and lemons are used in cooking, cleaning, making lemonade,
and many other ways.
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Lettuce is a leafy green vegetable mostly eaten raw as a salad, sandwich, or wrap.
Mint is a green herb. Initially grown for its leaves, it can also
make refreshing drinks and condiments such as pesto and sauces.
Moringa is the world’s most popular medicinal tree, and with good
reason. Its leaves can be eaten fresh or dried and steeped in boiling
water to make a nourishing green tea, great for stomach ailments.
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Lab 
#dance #children11-Jun-2020 … Container
gardens are also extremely space efficient as every ounce of soil in
your container will count for fruit and vegetable production …
Many of us look forward to the unmistakable taste of fresh, locally grown vegetables and fruit,
especially those that come from our own soil. For those of you who
would like to grow food at home but have limited space, don’t despair.
Your dream of home-grown food is still within reach.
You may be wondering how to grow vegetables if you have little to no
space with full sun exposure, but many vegetables will tolerate partial
shade, and a few could even be considered ’shade vegetables’ as they
won’t tolerate full sun exposure.
Maybe you live in an apartment with not much more than a balcony, but
you love fresh veggies and would still like to grow your own - no
problem! Here are some top tips to help make your urban garden a tasty
success. If you don’t even have a balcony, you can even grow vegetables at home in an apartment if you can spare a small amount of window space - see here.
If you have limited outdoor space, be it a small yard, shared
courtyard or balcony, a container garden with vegetables and fruits may
be the ideal thing for you.
One of the great things about container gardening is the ability to
grow almost any vegetable and many varieties of fruit, given the right
conditions and space enough for an appropriately-sized container.
With the right amount of sun exposure and watering system it’s even
feasible to successfully grow small fruit trees or bushes this way. In
my day I have seen both lemon trees and blueberry bushes thrive in
above-ground planters - what a tasty way to fill your container garden
with color!
Container gardens are also extremely space efficient as every ounce
of soil in your container will count for fruit and vegetable production -
no growing space will be wasted underfoot as you care for and harvest
your plants.
Container garden also has the added benefit of being a great
back-saver, or they can be configured for those with reduced mobility,
making certain that growing fresh fruit and vegetables at home is
accessible to all.
Yet another unique thing about container gardening is your ability as
the gardener to chase the sun if necessary, as containers can be moved
throughout the day. If you have no time to be moving containers whilst
life carries on around you, no problem, plant for the amount of sun you
have.
Strawberry plants in a half oak wine barrel - ideal for a smaller space
While it’s true that many plants will demand a minimum of 6 hours of
direct sun per day there are several ’shade vegetables’ that will
tolerate or thrive in partial shade and dappled sunlight.
A few things to consider when container gardening:
For more container gardening resources check out the forum at homegrown.org
Ah, vertical gardening. There are so many ways to grow upwards
- let’s face it, most vegetables and fruit bearing plants grow upwards -
when fitting food production into a smaller space, consider using a
traditional trellis to a recycled pallet planter to a hanging hydroponic
window garden. The options for vertical gardening are vast and require
only some creativity - making productive space out of lost space is the
key to maximum productivity in the small urban garden.
Lettuce planted on vertical trays, what a great way to brighten up an ugly outside wall in an urban yard
Which edibles lend themselves to vertical gardening you may be
wondering; well I’m happy to report that the list is long. Here are just
a few to get you started:
Worthy of note: We have had great success using sunflowers as the
support structure for beans, peas and cucumbers while planting shade
tolerant salad greens in the shadow of the vertical consortium.
If your gardening space is big enough for raised beds,
they can be a great way to maximize space and effort. Not only can
raised beds accommodate more plants per square foot, but gardening in a
raised bed greatly reduces the need to weed. It also makes weeds much
easier to uproot throughout the season, which can be a real blessing for
your back and if the beds are carefully spaced, even gardening from a
wheelchair becomes an enjoyable possibility in small spaces. Garden
upkeep was never easier.
Growing food in raised beds makes small garden maintenance easy
Here are just a few of the advantages of growing food in a raised bed in a small garden:
A raised bed is ideally 18 - 24 inches deep, but if you are building
your raised beds on top of existing earth you wilI have some leeway
here. I have successfully gardened in boxes built over earth with only
one foot of soil depth. You can find both detailed instructions for
building a raised beds and multiple choices online, or
Keyhole gardens are designed to maximize space by eliminating the need for walkways
as found in traditional row gardening or with raised beds. The design
is also intended to be draught-resistant and deliver nutrients via
compost throughout the entire growing season.
Keyhole gardens are a raised style bed that take the rough shape of a
circle with a “keyhole” shaped path allowing access to the entire
garden. In the center of the circle is a vertical tunnel that houses
many layers of compost. As the compost breaks down it delivers nutrients
and moisture directly to the bed. Certainly an efficient way to grow,
keyhole gardens can be constructed with many different materials as a
quick Google search of the term will confirm. If you have space for
a circle roughly 8 - 10 feet in diameter you can use whatever
appropriate materials that are easily accessible corrugated
siding, cedar posts, landscaping rock, bricks or any combination
thereof. We have a page dedicated to keyhole gardens for more details.
The art of edible permascaping involves planting food bearing perennials
in areas where ornamentals would traditionally take up space. In fact,
many popular ornamentals are edible, so turning your landscape into a
food-bearing paradise is easier than it might sounds.
When looking at your entire property as possible ground on which to
grow food, your potential to increase your yield goes up accordingly.
Lawns, for instance, can easily be transformed into garden plots,
flowering perenial gardens can often accomodate plants that are both
beautiful and edible, even forested areas on your property can produce
food (and in some cases might already have something wild worth
harvesting).
No south-facing window, balcony or yard? Consider a community garden,
it’s a great way to grow food while strengthening relationships with
neighbours. If there isn’t already a community garden in your
neighbourhood, might there be a vacant lot on which to start one?
One thing is for sure, learning how to grow vegetables with others in
your community while sharing information and resources will do more
than put food on the table. Collective gardening or even just sharing
gardening space will help to build and strengthen relationships within
your community.
A community garden is also a great way to give kids exposure to food
production that they might not otherwise get. We will face many
challenges in the future around the issues of natural resources and food
production, so the ability to grow food in one capacity or another is a
skill that may be quite valuable for future generations.
The easiest way to turn a backyard lawn into an organic
food-producing garden is by building a lasagna garden, as there is no
digging required.
The first thing we will clear up for any rookie gardeners; we aren’t
planting noodle trees where we will be harvesting penne and rigatoni.
Not even tomatoes, aubergines, zuccinis and bell-peppers, although
they’d go great in home-made lasagne and we could! A lasagna garden is
actually a technique often referred to as ‘sheet composting’ or the
’sheet mulch method’, and is a great way to keep kitchen food waste from
ending up in a landfill and easily get a quick start to growing your
own food at home. It’s also one of the fabulous ways to convert an area of high-maintenance lawn into an eco-friendly, productive and possibly organic garden -
without having to go out and buy soil, especially if the underlying
conditions are a heavy clay soil, lasagne gardening produces a light
tilth, full of nutrients, and ready to grow delicious vegetables in the shade or in full sun. It’s both simple and satisfying!
The name lasagna garden simply refers to the method of layering soil,
mulch and root barriers on top of grass in a way that uses the
nutrients from existing lawns, with care taken to make sure the grass
and weeds don’t grow through. Until they do. Because they will. That’s
just the life of gardening; embrace it and enjoy it. To see step by step instructions for creating a lasagna garden, see here - or to explore lasagna gardening pros and cons, see here.
After deciding to grow your own vegetables, choosing the right plants
for your space may be the most important decision you’ll make. Many
plants will require a minimum of 6 hours of direct sun per day and others vegetables will prefer partial shade
during the hottest days of the summer. Assess your space, choose wisely
and good luck! As always, if you have any tips or experience to share,
we sure hope you’ll share your knowledge in the comments below.
Hey, thanks for including so many resources!
you’re a really great resource…THANKS !!
What do you think about green beans growing in a gutter garden….my
thoughts are that they may do ok, gets them off the ground - similiar to
how some people grow strawberrys. But I am not sure if the depth of the
gutter will be sufficient for the root growth. Thanks
John
Thank you for sharing the tips. It helps a lot to me and now I already had an idea of what to do.
Thank you for sharing I was wondering where I could get this. Am very much interested
I grew up in the suburbs, and was taught gardening from the start,
and always liked it. It makes for a great meditative hobby, and is quite
satisfying. However, I moved out at the start of summer, in a small
apartment with a little balcony facing north… I took two containers
with me, knowing they might not survive the summer. I am very happy to
announce that my “mojito mint” is still giving me lots of very tasty
leaves, and my cucumber has already given me one delicious treat, and is
currently working on 4 more. My bell pepper plant (same container as
the cucumbers) is still alive, and I will be harvesting my first
snackbell probably tomorrow, with 2 more to be ready in the coming
weeks.
Thank you for sharing such insightful resources..Love reading from you always.
Don’t let a lack of direct sun exposure stop you from growing your
own food, there area many vegetables that will grow well in the shade.
If you’re like me and you love to grow…
Lasagna gardening is one of the easiest ways to grow vegetables at
home and turn a high-maintenance lawn into a productive garden space.
What are the pros and cons of the…
A layered no-dig lasagna garden may be an easy way to convert a lawn
into a food producing garden - but it’s critics may say it’s too easy -
Ecohome investigates. As with any…
Introducing BioCity’s indoor vertical veggie garden. This beautiful
installation made with reclaimed wine bottles allows you to grow
arugula, chard, strawberries, cherry…
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bit? Learn what foods have the lowest climate impact. How does diet
affect climate change?
Dwindling water…
Designer Damien Chivialle re-imagines how we feed our cities, one
container at a time, combining aquaculture & hydroponics:. So, urban
agriculture. It’s important, right…
Growing food at home, even in an apartment, is easy for both adults
& kids ; here is a beginner’s guide to growing tasty greens &
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Lab vegetables & Fruits Plants in pots to live like free birds to overcome Hunger on Good Earth and SPACE along with Meditative Mindful Swimming
Eternal,Glorified,Friendly, to Attain Eternal Bliss by Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,from Christianity, Islam, Buddhism,Judaism,Hinduism,Eternal Glorified Friendly Benevolent Compassionate AWAKENED ONE
BUDDHA the CHANDRASEKHARA ’s UNIVERSE IS WITHIN YOU.
Although
soils are essential for human well-being and the sustainability of life
on the planet, they are threatened on all continents by natural
erosion, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said on World Soil Day, calling for their protection.
Healthy soils are the basis for healthy habitats for all living
beings. They provide food, clean water, raw materials and various
ecosystem services.
But salinity, acidification and loss of biodiversity are just some of the threats that soils are currently facing.
This year’s World Soil Day commemoration focuses on reversing soil erosion for our future.
“We are celebrating a treasure beneath our feet which hosts a quarter
of the planet’s biodiversity and provides about 95 per cent of our
food”, said Eduardo Mansur, FAO’s Director of the Land and Water Division.
Unsustainable agriculture practices and other improper land use
changes, such as illegal deforestation, can accelerate erosion up to a
thousand times, according to FAO.
Soil erosion affects soil health and productivity by removing the highly fertile topsoil and exposing the remaining soil.
It decreases agricultural productivity, degrades ecosystem functions
and amplifies hydrogeological risk, such as landslides or floods.
“Soil erosion can also cause significant losses in biodiversity,
damage to urban and rural infrastructure and, in severe cases, lead to
displacement of human populations”, explained Mr. Mansur.
Help to combat and adapt to climate change by storing carbon and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere.
Provide water infiltration through soil, trapping pollutants and preventing them from leaching into the groundwater.
Capture and stores water for crops.
Minimize surface evaporation and maximize water use efficiency and productivity
Host a quarter of the planet’s biodiversity and contribute to the global cycles that make all life possible.
Provide fibre, fuel, medicinal products and other ecosystem services.
FAO
spelled out that by 2050, it may reduce up to 10 per cent of crop
yields, which is equivalent to removing millions of hectares of land
from crop production.
“We must stop soil erosion to save our future”, stressed Mr. Mansur.
“It takes up to 1,000 years to form one centimeter of top soil, but this
one centimeter can be lost with just one heavy rainfall if soil cover
is not protected”.
To prevent and minimize soil erosion, farmers and other land users
can adopt sustainable sol management practices under an enabling
environment.
Underscoring that FAO is ready to support them, he urged everyone to take action.
“Fighting soil erosion must be everyone’s fight”, he concluded. “Join our effort. Stop soil erosion and save our future.”
World Soil Day is held annually on 5 December to focus attention on
the importance of healthy soil and to advocate for the sustainable
management of soil resources.
Receive daily updates directly in your inbox - Subscribe here to a topic.
https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/chapter/chapter-5/
FAO (2018a) projects that
by 2050 cropland area will increase 90–325 Mha, between 6% and 21% more
than the 1567 Mha cropland area of 2010, depending on climate …
This process is called
hydroponics. It involves growing plants vegetables and fruits in water
that is mixed with solutions containing all the ingredients …
The number of countries
that have pledged to reach net‐zero emissions by mid‐century or soon
after continues to grow, but so do global greenhouse gas emissions.
27-Sept-2016 … If
everyone became vegetarian by 2050, food-related emissions would drop by
60%. Should we all go vegetarian, ideally we would dedicate at
least …
15-Sept-2021 … The
world’s population will be around 9 billion people by 2050. Humans need
to feed in order to survive and thus the high demographic growth ...
Our list below includes
vegetable seeds that can be sown directly into your garden soil. Some
are also suitable for transplanting. Advertisement. Should I Grow …
If
you’re a beginner, it’s helpful to know which vegetables are easiest to
grow from seed. Plus, growing from seed is less expensive, offers more
variety, and has a higher success rate. Our list below includes
vegetable seeds that can be sown directly into your garden soil. Some
are also suitable for transplanting.
There’s nothing wrong with starting your garden from small plants
which you purchase (known as “transplants”)—in fact, many people do! In
fact, there are a handful of vegetables that can be challenging to grow
from seed and are best purchased as young plants from a garden
store/nursery (tomatoes, for example, can be finicky to start from
seed). Transplants also allow you to get a head start on growing tender
vegetables such as tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants, which require a
long, warm growing season.
That said—unless you have a short growing season—many vegetables are easy enough to start from seed at home.
Here are a handful of the benefits of starting from seeds:
This is not a complete list, by any means, but these are considered
some of the easiest and most common vegetables that can be grown
at home.
We’ve never known a garden that cannot grow lettuce.
Lettuce can be sown directly in your garden bed, or started indoors
for transplanting. It’s one of the few crops that can be grown all year
in our climate, but in hot weather it should be shaded and harvested at
smaller sizes. Lettuce growth slows in shade; it is also slower to go to
seed, or “bolt,” which means that it can be harvested for longer.
An endless assortment of leaf shapes and shades of green and red
means you’ll never get tired of growing new lettuce varieties. Leaf
lettuces can be cut as they grow, and you can enjoy several harvests
from the same plant by just snipping off what you need each time.
If you want full heads of romaine and head lettuce to develop, thin
them. Allow for 8 to 10 inches between plants. As you thin young plants,
save the delicate small leaves for salads.
See our Growing Guide for Lettuce.
Beans grow even in fairly poor soils, because they fix the nitrogen
as they go! Bush varieties don’t require trellising, but pole varieties
provide a more extended harvest. In cool areas, snap beans are easiest.
In hot areas, lima beans, southern peas, and asparagus beans are also
very easy to grow. All bean plants are fast growers and thrive in warm,
moist soil.
See our Growing Guide for Green Beans for more information on planting and growing beans!
Plant peas as soon as the soil can be worked—2 weeks before the average last spring frost
for your region, if possible. To harvest a continuous supply of peas
during the summer, simultaneously sow varieties with different maturity
dates. Then sow more seeds about 2 weeks later. Continue this pattern,
sowing no later than mid-June.
See our Growing Guide for Peas.
Radishes can be harvested in as little as 24 days after planting, and
can be inter-planted with slower-growing vegetables. You can plant
radishes as soon as you can work the soil in the spring.
Sow each seed 2 inches apart or more, or thin them to this spacing
after they sprout. Cover the seeds with about half an inch of compost
or soil.
Here’s a tip: Radish seeds are natural companions to carrots. Mix
radish seeds with carrot seeds before you sow, especially if your soil
tends to develop a tough crust. The quick-to-sprout radishes will push
up through the soil, breaking it up for the later-sprouting carrots. As
you harvest the radishes, the carrots will fill in the row.
See our Growing Guide for Radishes.
We’re including carrots only because they’re super easy to grow as long as they’re planted in loose, sandy soil during
the cooler periods of the growing season—spring and fall (carrots can
tolerate frost). Not all carrots are orange; varieties range in color
from purple to white, and some are resistant to diseases and pests.
Many beginners find their carrots are short and deformed. This is
typically due to poor, rocky soil, so it’s important to provide soft,
loose soil that drains well. Mix in some sand and really loosen it
up. Also, it is essential to THIN carrot
seedlings to the proper spacing so that they’re not overcrowded. Be
bold! Thin those seedlings if you want carrots to form properly.
Learn more in our Growing Guide for Carrots.
Prepare in advance for cucumbers; amend the soil with a fertilizer
high in nitrogen and potassium to support the plant’s large yields. If
possible, plant cucumbers in the sun next to a fence. The fence will
serve as support for climbing and act as a shelter. Or plant them near corn. The corn will trap the heat that cucumbers crave and also serve as a windbreak.
See our Growing Guide for Cucumbers.
Like it or not, super-nutritious kale is very hardy and can grow in a
wide range of temperatures. It can be harvested at many different
stages, and the buds and flowers are edible, too! Mustards and collards
are closely related to kale and are also easy to grow.
Set out plants any time, from early spring to early summer and kale
will grow until it gets too hot. Plant again the fall, especially if you
live in the southern United States. Another nice thing about kale is
that it only gets sweeter after being hit by a couple frosts. Try kale
baked, stir-fried, or steamed. Enjoy in salads, smoothies, omelettes,
casseroles, or wherever you’d use spinach.
See our Growing Guide for Kale.
Swiss chard—or simply “chard”—is a member of the beet family. It does
well in both cool and warm weather. It is a nutritional superfood, high
in vitamins A, C, and K as well as minerals, phytonutrients, and
fiber—plus, its rainbow of colors are beautiful!
See our Growing Guide for Swiss Chard.
You haven’t lived until you’ve tasted beets you’ve grown yourself. We
mean it! Nothing compares to garden-fresh beets, boiled or roasted
until tender.
The quirky seed capsules contain two or three beet seeds, so the
seedlings will always need to be thinned. Sow the seed capsules about an
inch deep, and 4 inches apart.
Harvest the roots at any time up until they’re the size of a tennis
ball. While you’re waiting for them to plump up, why not try a few of
the leaves? They can be used just like spinach, giving you two harvests
from one plant.
See our Growing Guide to Beets.
Summer squash and zucchini like well-composted soil and need plenty
of space (plant them 3 to 6 feet apart in warm soil and lots of
sun.) Soon enough, you’ll have so many zucchinis, you’ll be leaving them
on neighbors’ doorsteps! Always water at the soil level—not the
leaves—to avoid powdery mildew.
See our Growing Guide for Squash and Zucchini.
The above crops are some of the easiest vegetables you can grow, but
there are many, many more veggies for you to try! Check out our complete library of Growing Guides for advice on planting all the popular vegetables, fruit, herbs, and flowers.
And now that you know which seeds are easiest to grow, see our Tips to Starting Seeds Indoors!
We’ve gathered all of our best beginner gardening guides into a
step-by-step series designed to help you learn how to garden! Visit our
complete Gardening for Everyone hub, where
you’ll find a series of guides—all free! From selecting the right
gardening spot to choosing the best vegetables to grow, our Almanac
gardening experts are excited to teach gardening to everyone—whether
it’s your 1st or 40th garden.
How do i grow garlic？Under what favourable condition should i grow the garlic.
How do I grow rhubarb from seed?
We don’t recommend growing rhubarb from seed. Learn how to plant it at our Rhubarb Growing Guide!
HELLO
HOW SHOULD I TAKE CARE OF MY PEPPERS IN POTS FOR WINTER. THEY ARE ON MY
BALCONY SHOULD I LIVE THEM OPEN OR SHOULD I COVER THEM WITH PLASTIC
BAGS FOR WINTER - THX
Probably a silly question but can you plant lettuce or kale in a flowerpot? I have limited space in my yard.
Purpose. Students will
identify nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus as primary soil nutrients
necessary in the production of abundant and healthy foods, …
The perceived limits to
producing food for a growing global population have been a source of …
staples to livestock products and fruit and vegetables.
12-Oct-2009 … growing
world population will be able to produce and have access to … those of
vegetables, fruits, meat, dairy, and fish will increase.
11-Jun-2020 … Container
gardens are also extremely space efficient as every ounce of soil in
your container will count for fruit and vegetable production …
