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10/09/14
1290 LESSON XX14 FRIDAY FREE ONLINE E-Nālanda Research and Practice UNIVERSITY Course Programs: in Classical Haitian Creole, Hausa,Hebrew,Hindi,Hmong,Hungaraian, English
Filed under: General
Posted by: site admin @ 1:44 pm


1290 LESSON XX14 FRIDAY

FREE ONLINE E-Nālanda Research and Practice UNIVERSITY



Course Programs:



in Classical Haitian Creole, Hausa,Hebrew,Hindi,Hmong,Hungaraian, English

32) Classical Haitian Creole
https://www.academia.edu/6298397/Scrabble_as_a_tool_for_Haitian_Creole_literacy_Sociolinguistic_and_orthographic_foundations_2009_

Scrabble as a tool for Haitian Creole literacy: Sociolinguistic and orthographic foundations (2009)

http://tulane.edu/liberal-arts/french-italian/faculty.cfm

http://romancestudies.duke.edu/graduate/courses-department32) Klasik kreyòl ayisyen

LESON XX14 1290 VANDREDI

GRATIS SOU ENTÈNÈT E-Nalanda Rechèch ak Pratike UNIVERSITY

Pwogram kou a:

nan 32) Klasik kreyòl ayisyen

Gen 83 lang nan

https://translate.google.com/

Tanpri rann egzak tradiksyon nan lang manman ou pou tradiksyon tèz!

Thatwill Vin yon pratik nan Medyasyon kòm anseye pa Bouda a!

Ak vin yon Stream Enterer Sotapanna!

Nan direksyon pou Nibbana Bliss Etènèl la kòm Objektif Final!

http: sarvajan.ambedkar.org

kouri

GRATIS SOU ENTÈNÈT E-Nalanda Rechèch ak Pratike UNIVERSITY

Ou tèt ou, kòm anpil jan okenn moun nan linivè a tout antye, merite lanmou w ak afeksyon.
- Bouda

Boudis nan yon Nutshell!
Fè anyen ki mal!
Toujou fè GOOD
Dwe bliye!
- EASY pou yon ti gason 7 zan yo KONPRANN
Men difisil pou yon nonm 70 zan yo pratike!

Tipi Taka oswa 3 Panyen - 1) Panyen Disiplin nan (Vinaya), 2) nan diskou (suta) & 3) oswa ultim Doktrin (Abhidhamma) pitakas.

EDIKE (Buddha)!
             MEDITE (Dhamma)!
Organiz (Sangha)!

  

WISDOM se pouvwa

Leve Youn Montre chemen an Akimile P’ap janm fini an Bliss

Odinatè nan Lwazi-se yon enstriman!

ENTÈNÈT!

IS

NET amizman!

Pou yo kapab pi apwopriye!

Lè l sèvi avèk sa yo yon enstriman

Gratis e nan-Nalanda Rechèch ak Pratike Inivèsite gen zo re-òganize fonksyone nan swiv Lekòl la Aprantisaj:

Sangha Bouda a Pratike gratis Dhamma li nan pri, Pakonsekan gratis-e-Nalanda Rechèch ak Pratike Inivèsite a swiv kostim

Kòm Original Nalanda Inivèsite a pa t ‘ofri nenpòt Degre, se konsa usefull gratis e-Nalanda Rechèch ak Pratike University.

 

nan
ansèyman nan Bouda yo p’ap janm fini an, men menm lè sa a Bouda pa t ‘konnen
yo fè reusi. Relijyon an nan Bouda gen kapasite a chanje
kon Ding nan fwa, yon bon jan kalite tout ki pa gen okenn lòt relijyon kapab fè reklamasyon yo
gen … Kounye a ki sa se ​​baz la nan Boudis? Si w ap etidye ak anpil atansyon, elatriye, ou pral
Gade Sa Boudis se ki baze sou rezon. Gen se yon eleman oswa
fleksibilite nannan nan li, -ki se pa sa yo te jwenn nan nenpòt lòt relijyon.

- Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Ameriken Scholar, filozòf ak achitèk nan Konstitisyon nan peyi Zend, nan ekri l ‘ak diskou

I.
Kamma

REBIRTH

Reveye-NESS

bouda

Konsa vini ONE

Dhamma

II.
ARHAT

Kat verite HOLY

Eightfold PATH

TWELVEFOLD kondisyone Découlant

bodisatva

Paramita

SIX Paramis

III.

SIX pouvwa espirityèl

SIX PATHS nan rne

AT darma REALMS

FIVE Skandhas

DIZUIT REALMS

FIVE lòd moral

IV.

Meditasyon

atensyon

FOUR APLIKASYON nan atensyon

LOTUS POZISYON

Samadhi

CHAN SCHOOL

FOUR JHANAS

FOUR REALMS inform

V.

Senk kalite nan Boudis STUDY ak pratik

AK maayana Hinayana Konpare

PURE COUNTRY

bouda resitasyon

EIGHT konsyans

ONE HUNDRED dharmas

vid

VI.

DEMON

filiation

ak

Nivo I: Entwodiksyon nan Boudis

Nivo II: Etid Boudis

yo atenn

Nivo III: Stream Enterer

Nivo IV: Yon fwa - returner

Nivo V: ki pa Peye-returner
Nivo VI: Arhat

Jambudipa, sa vle di, te panse syantifik Prabuddha Bharath a nan

matematik,

astwonomi,

alchmi,

ak

anatomi

Filozofi ak Comparative Relijyon;

Etid Istorik;

Relasyon Entènasyonal ak Syans Lapè;

Jesyon Biznis nan relasyon ak yon Politik Piblik ak Devlopman Etid;

Lang ak Literati;

ak Ekoloji ak anviwònman Etid

  Byenveni nan gratis sou entènèt e-Nalanda University- la

                                              Pwogram kou a:

bouda

  Sappurisadana suta Yon Moun nan kado Entegrite a

http://www.orgsites.com/oh/awakenedone/

Leve non Ness Pratik
Tout 84.000 Khandas Kòm Twouve nan Pali Suttas la

tradisyonèlman
yo se nan 84.000 darma Pòt - 84.000 fason yo ka resevwa Réveillez-vous Ness. Petèt se konsa;
sètènman Bouda a te anseye yon gwo kantite pratik ki mennen nan
Leve non Ness. Paj entènèt sa a Li eseye catalogue Moun sa yo ki yo te jwenn nan Pali la
Suttas (DN, MN, SN, YON, Ud & SN 1). Genyen 3 seksyon:
nan
diskou nan Bouda yo divize an 84.000, kòm nan adrès apa.
Divizyon an gen ladan tout sa ki te pale nan bouch Bouda. “Mwen te resevwa nan men
Bouda, “te di Ananda,” 82.000 Khandas, ak soti nan
prèt yo 2000; tèz yo 84.000 Khandas konsève pa m ‘. “Yo se
divize an 275,250, kòm kouple yo nan tèks orijinal la, ak nan
361,550, kòm kouple yo nan Book la. Tout diskou yo
Moun sa yo ki-gen ladan tou de nan Bouda ak moun ki nan Reporters a, yo divize an 2,547 banawaras, ki gen 737.000 kouple, ak 29.368.000 lèt separe



33) Classical Hausa
https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=4fE2VITiIsWAvAT7qIGICg&gws_rd=ssl#q=all+classical+hausa+language+research%2C+practice+and+development+universities

GEFAME
http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/lang.html


Africa South of the Sahara small logo
https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/staff30968.php
33)
Classical Hausa

DARASIN XX14 1290 FRIDAY

FREE ONLINE E-Nalanda Research and Practice Jami’ar

Hakika Shirye-shiryen:

33) Classical Hausa

Akwai 83 harsuna a

https://translate.google.com/

Don Allah sa exact translation in ka harshen for taƙaitaccen labari fassara!

Thatwill Become a yi of Mediation kamar yadda ya koyar da Buddha!

Kuma Become a Stream Enterer Sotapanna!

Wajen Nibbana da Madawwami ni’ima a matsayin Final Goal!

http: sarvajan.ambedkar.org

ran

FREE ONLINE E-Nalanda Research and Practice Jami’ar

Za ka kanka, kamar yadda wani a cikin dukan duniya, cancanci your kauna da so.
- Buddha

Addinin Buddha A dunƙule dai!
YI NO mugayen!
Assalamu YI GOOD
Yi tunãni!
- Sauƙi ga A 7 SHEKARU OLD BOY fahimtar
AMMA wuya A SHEKARU 70 OLD MAN gudanar da aiki!

TIPI Taka ko 3 Baskets - 1) Basket of Horo (Vinaya), 2) daga Discourses (Sutta) & 3) ko kuma Ultimate Rukunai (Abhidhamma) pitakas.

Ilmantar (BUDDHA)!
             Zuzzurfan tunani (Dhamma)!
Shirya (Sangha)!

  

HIKIMA IS POWER

Tada Daya Shows tafarkin to kai ga Madawwami ni’ima

COMPUTER Entertainment IS AN INSTRUMENT!

INTERNET!

IS

NET Entertainment!

TO BE MOST dace!

Amfani da Irin wannan kayan aiki

A Free e-Nalanda Research and Practice Jami’ar na da kashi sake shirya ya yi magana ta wurin wadannan Schools na Learning:

Buddha na Sangha aikata da Dhamma Free na cost, Saboda haka ta Free-e-Nalanda Research and Practice Jami’ar haka kwat da wando

Kamar yadda Original Nalanda Jami’ar bai bayar da wani Degree, don haka usefull cikin Free e-Nalanda Research and Practice University.

 

The
koyarwar Buddha ne har abada, amma ko da Buddha sa’an nan kuma ba su shelar
da su ya zama ma’asumi. Addinin Buddha na da damar ya canza
accor Ding to sau, a quality All da wani addini zai iya da’awar
da Yanzu abin da yake tushen addinin Buddha? Idan ka yi nazarin hankali da dai sauransu, za ka so
Dubi Wannan addinin Buddha dogara ne a kan dalili. Akwai wani kashi ko
sassauci muhimmi a cikinta, -which ba a samu a wani addinin.

- Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Indian masanin, Falsafa da m na kundin tsarin mulki na India, a cikin rubuce-rubuce da kuma jawabai

I.
Kamma

abu akan sake haihuwa

Tada-NESS

BUDDHA

Haka ma dawo ONE

Dhamma

II.
ARHAT

NA HUƊU HOLY gaskiya

Eightfold PATH

TWELVEFOLD Conditioned tasowa

BODHISATTVA

Paramita

NA SHIDA Paramis

III.

NA SHIDA KOYARWA TA iko

NA SHIDA hanyoyin abu akan sake haihuwa

AT Dharma sammai ne akwai Karma

BIYAR Skandhas

GOMA SHA TAKWAS sammai ne akwai Karma

BIYAR kyawawan dabi`un

IV.

BIMBINI

MINDFULNESS

NA HUƊU APPLICATIONS OF MINDFULNESS

LOTUS hali

Samadhi

CHAN SCHOOL

NA HUƊU JHANAS

NA HUƊU formless sammai ne akwai Karma

V.

BIYAR TYPES OF Buddha NAZARI DA KA YI

AND Mahayana Hinayana Idan aka kwatanta

PURE COUNTRY

BUDDHA Recitation

TAKWAS consciousnesses

Xari dharmas

fanko

VI.

aljan

jinsi

tare da

Matakin I: Gabatarwa a addinin Buddha

Matakin II: Buddha Nazarin

TO kai ga

Matakin III: Stream Enterer

Matakin IV: Da zarar - Returner

Matakin V: Non-Returner
Matakin VI: Arhat

Jambudipa, watau, Prabuddha Bharath ta kimiyya tunani a

ilmin lissafi,

ilmin taurari,

sune madogarar,

da kuma

ilmin jikin mutum

Falsafa da kuma kamanta harkokin addinai.

Historical Studies;

International hulda da zaman lafiya Nazarin;

Business Management dangane da Public Policy and Development Studies;

Harsuna da Literature;

Lafiyar Qasa da kuma muhalli Nazarin

  Welcome to the Free Online e-Nalanda University-

                                              Hakika Shirye-shiryen:

BUDDHA

  Sappurisadana Sutta A mutum na Mutunci na Gifts

http://www.orgsites.com/oh/awakenedone/

Awake Ness ayyuka
All 84.000 Khandas As Found a cikin Pali Suttas

A bisa ga al’ada
da su ne 84.000 Dharma Doors - 84.000 hanyoyin da za a samu Awake Ness. Wata kila don haka;
lalle da Buddha koyar da babban yawan ayyuka Wannan kai ga
Awake Ness. Wannan shafin yanar gizo yunkurin Catalog Wadanda samu a cikin Pali
Suttas (DN, MN, SN, AN, Ud & Sn 1). Akwai 3 sassan:
The
discourses na Buddha suna zuwa kashi 84.000, kamar yadda ya raba adireshin.
A rabo ya hada da dukan abin da ya magana ta wurin Buddha. “Na samu daga
Buddha, “in ji Ananda, 82.000 Khandas, kuma daga
firistoci 2000. taƙaitaccen labari an 84.000 Khandas kiyaye da ni. “Su ne
zuwa kashi 275,250, kamar yadda wa stanzas na asali da rubutu, da kuma cikin
361,550, kamar yadda wa stanzas daga cikin sharhin. Dukan discourses
Wadanda-ciki har da duka biyu na Buddha da kuma Wadanda daga cikin sharhinsa, suna zuwa kashi 2.547 banawaras, dauke da 737.000 stanzas, da kuma 29.368.000 raba haruffa



34) Classical Hebrew
http://www.umass.edu/judaic/courses.html

Judaic and Near Eastern Studies
http://www.brown.edu/about/social/

http://theology.nd.edu/graduate-programs/ph-d/courses/


University of Notre Dame University of Notre Dame

College of Arts and Letters

Department of Theology

https://www.fas.harvard.edu/~cjs/contact.html

https://www.soas.ac.uk/staff/staff30968.php

34) עברית הקלסית

XX14 הלקח 1,290 יום שישי

E-Nalanda המקוון חינם מחקר ועיסוק האוניברסיטה

תוכניות קורס:

34) עברית הקלסית

יש 83 שפות ב

https://translate.google.com/

אנא להבהיר תרגום מדויק בשפה האם שלך עבור תרגומי תזה!

Thatwill הפוך נוהג של גישור כפי שלמד הבודהא!

והפוך זרם של מזין Sotapanna!

לקראת ניבאנה האושר הנצחי כמטרה סופית!

http: sarvajan.ambedkar.org

ריצה

E-Nalanda המקוון חינם מחקר ועיסוק האוניברסיטה

אתה בעצמך, בדיוק כמו כל אחד ביקום כולו, ראוי לאהבה והחיבה שלך.
- בודהה

בודהיזם בקצה מזלג!
DO NO EVIL!
תמיד עושה טוב
להיות זהיר!
- קל לBOY 7 שנים כדי להבין
אבל קשה לגבר בן 70 להתאמן!

TIPI טאקה או 3 סלים - 1) סל של משמעת (Vinaya), 2) של שיח (Sutta) ו -3) או pitakas הדוקטרינה האולטימטיבית (Abhidhamma).

לחנך (בודהה)!
             מדיטציה (הדהמה)!
ארגן (סנגהה)!

  

חוכמה היא כוח

אחת התעורר מציג את הנתיב להשגת אושר נצחי

Computer Entertainment הוא מכשיר!

אינטרנט!

IS

בידור NET!

TO BE מתאים ביותר!

שימוש כזה מכשיר

יש דואר Nalanda חינם המחקר ואוניברסיטת עיסוק עצם מחדש מאורגן לתפקד דרך בתי הספר הבאים של למידה:

סנגהה של בודהה מתאמנת חינם של עלות הדהמתו, לכן אוניברסיטת המחקר ועיסוק Free-e-Nalanda כדלקמן חליפה

כאוניברסיטת Nalanda המקורית לא מציעה שום תואר, כל כך שימושית דואר Nalanda חינם מחקר ואוניברסיטת עיסוק.

 

תורתו של הבודהה הן נצחיות, אבל גם אז בודהה לא להכריז
להם להיות חסינים מטעויות.הדת של בודהה יש את היכולת לשנות
אקור דינג לפעמים, באיכות כל שאין דת אחרת יכולה לטעון ש
יש לי … עכשיו מה הוא הבסיס של הבודהיזם? אם אתה לומד בזהירות וכו ‘, תרצה
ראה זה בודהיזם מבוסס על סיבה. יש אלמנט או
גמישות הגלומה בה, -which לא נמצאה בכל דת אחרת.

- Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, מלומד הודי, פילוסוף ואדריכל של חוקה של הודו, בכתב ובנאומיו

I.
קמא

תקומה

להתעורר-NESS

הבודהא

לפיכך היה COME ONE

הדהמה

השני.
ארהאט

ארבע אמיתות קדושים

שמונה שבילים

TWELVEFOLD מותנה נובע

הבודהיסטווה

Paramita

שש Paramis

III.

שש מעצמות רוחנית

שישה נתיבים של לידה מחדש

AT Realms דהארמה

חמש Skandhas

שמונה עשר ממלכות

חמישה כללי מוסר מוסריים

IV.

מדיטציה

שימת לב

ארבעה יישומים של מודעות

תנוחת לוטוס

סמדהי

CHAN בית הספר

ארבע הג ‘אנות

ארבעה תחומים חסרי צורה

V.

חמישה סוגים של בודהיסטי לימוד ותרגול

ובהשוואה מהאיאנה Hinayana

מדינה טהורה

הבודהא דקלום

שמונה תודעות

ONE מאה dharmas

ריקנות

VI.

שד

שושלת

עם

אני רמה: מבוא לבודהיזם

רמה השנייה: מחקרים בודהיסטים

להשיג

רמה III: זרם של מזין

רמת IV: ברגע ש– Returner

רמת V: ללא Returner
הרמה VI: ארהאט

Jambudipa, כלומר, המחשבה המדעית של Prabuddha Bharath ב

מתמטיקה,

אסטרונומיה,

אלכימיה,

ו

האנטומיה

פילוסופיה ודתות השוואתית;

מחקרים היסטוריים;

יחסים בינלאומיים ולימודי שלום;

מנהל עסקים ביחס למדיניות ציבורית ולימודי פיתוח;

שפות וספרות;

ואקולוגיה ולימודי הסביבה

  ברוכים הבאים לדואר Nalanda University- חינם באינטרנט

                                              תוכניות קורס:

הבודהא

  Sappurisadana Sutta אדם של מתנות של Integrity

http://www.orgsites.com/oh/awakenedone/

נוהגים נס ער
כל 84,000 Khandas כפי שנמצאו בSuttas פאלי

באופן מסורתי
הן 84,000 דהרמה דלתות - 84,000 דרכים להשיג Awake נס. אולי כך;
בהחלט הבודהה לימד מספר רב של שיטות שיובילו ל
נס ער. דף אינטרנט זה מנסה לקטלג אלה שנמצאו בפאלי
Suttas (DN, MN, SN,, אוד ו1 Sn). ישנם 3 חלקים:

שיח של בודהה מחולק ל84,000, כלכתובות נפרדות.
החטיבה כוללת את כל שנאמר על ידי בודהה. שקבלתי מ
בודהה, אמרה אננדה, 82,000 Khandas, ומ
הכוהנים 2000; תזה היא 84,000 Khandas מתוחזק על ידי. הם
מחולק ל275.250, כלבתים של הטקסט המקורי, ולתוך
361.550, כלבתים של הפרשנות. כל השיח
שני של בודהה ואלה של הפרשן כולל אלה, מחולקים ל2,547 banawaras, המכילים 737.000 בתים, ו29368000 מכתבים נפרדים


35) Classical Hindi

35) शास्त्रीय हिन्दी

सबक XX14 1290 शुक्रवार

मुफ्त ऑनलाइन ई नालंदा अनुसंधान और अभ्यास विश्वविद्यालय

कोर्स कार्यक्रम:
35) शास्त्रीय हिन्दी

83 भाषाओं में कर रहे हैं

https://translate.google.com/

थीसिस में अनुवाद के लिए आप मातृभाषा में सटीक अनुवाद प्रस्तुत करना कृपया!

Thatwill बुद्ध द्वारा सिखाया के रूप में मध्यस्थता के एक अभ्यास बनें!

और एक स्ट्रीम दर्ज सोतपन्न बनें!

अंतिम लक्ष्य के रूप में निब्बाण शाश्वत आनंद की ओर!

नि: sarvajan.ambedkar.org

रन

मुफ्त ऑनलाइन ई नालंदा अनुसंधान और अभ्यास विश्वविद्यालय

तुम अपने आप को, पूरे ब्रह्मांड में किसी को जितना, अपने प्यार और स्नेह के पात्र हैं.
- बुद्ध

संक्षेप में बौद्ध धर्म!
कोई बुराई नहीं!
हमेशा अच्छा करते हैं
ध्यान में रखना होगा!
- एक 7 साल का लड़का समझने के लिए आसान
लेकिन मुश्किल एक 70 साल का आदमी अभ्यास करने के लिए!

टीपी TAKA या 3 टोकरी - अनुशासन की 1) बास्केट (विनय), 2) सत्संग (सुत्त) और 3) या परम सिद्धांत (Abhidhamma) pitakas की.

शिक्षित (बुद्ध)!
             ध्यान (धम्म)!
संगठन (संघ)!

  

बुद्धि विद्युत है

जागृत एक शाश्वत आनंद प्राप्त करने के लिए रास्ता दिखाता है

कंप्यूटर मनोरंजन एक साधन है!

इंटरनेट!

है

नेट मनोरंजन!

सबसे उपयुक्त होने के लिए!

इस तरह के एक उपकरण का उपयोग

नि: शुल्क ई नालंदा अनुसंधान और अभ्यास विश्वविद्यालय हड्डी लर्निंग के निम्नलिखित स्कूलों के माध्यम से कार्य करने के लिए फिर से संगठित है:

बुद्ध के संघा इसलिए फ्री नालंदा अनुसंधान और अभ्यास विश्वविद्यालय सूट इस प्रकार है लागत का उनका धम्म फ्री अभ्यास

मूल नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय किसी भी डिग्री प्रदान करते हैं, तो नि: शुल्क ई नालंदा अनुसंधान और अभ्यास विश्वविद्यालय उपयोगी नहीं किया था.

 

बुद्ध की शिक्षाओं अनन्त हैं, लेकिन फिर भी बुद्ध का प्रचार नहीं किया था
उन्हें अचूक हो. बुद्ध का धर्म परिवर्तन करने की क्षमता है
टाइम्स को एक्कोर डिंग, कोई अन्य धर्म के लिए दावा कर सकते हैं जो सभी के लिए एक गुणवत्ता
अब बौद्ध धर्म का आधार क्या है है? आप आदि सावधानी से अध्ययन करते हैं, तो आप करेंगे
बौद्ध धर्म कारण के आधार पर देखना है कि. एक तत्व है या
किसी भी अन्य धर्म में नहीं पाया जाता है, जो इसमें निहित लचीलापन,.

- अपने लेखन और भाषण में भीमराव रामजी अम्बेडकर, भारत के संविधान के भारतीय विद्वान, दार्शनिक और वास्तुकार,

मैं
कम्मा

पुनर्जन्म

जगाने सत्ता

बुद्ध

इस प्रकार एक COME

धम्म

द्वितीय.
अरहत

चार पवित्र सत्य

Eightfold पथ

TWELVEFOLD उत्पन्न वातानुकूलित

बोधिसत्व

परमिता

छह Paramis

तृतीय.

छह आध्यात्मिक शक्तियों

पुनर्जन्म के छह पथ

धर्म स्थानों पर

पांच Skandhas

अठारह लोकों

पांच नैतिक उपदेशों

चतुर्थ.

ध्यान

mindfulness

Mindfulness के चार आवेदनों

कमल आसन

समाधि

चान स्कूल

चार JHANAS

चार निराकार लोकों

वी

बौद्ध अध्ययन और अभ्यास के पांच प्रकार

और महायान हिनायान मुकाबले

शुद्ध देश

बुद्ध सस्वर

आठ consciousnesses

एक सौ धर्म

खालीपन

छठी.

दानव

वंश

साथ

मैं स्तर: बौद्ध धर्म का परिचय

द्वितीय स्तर: बौद्ध अध्ययन

प्राप्त करने के लिए

तृतीय स्तर: स्ट्रीम दर्ज

स्तर चतुर्थ: एक बार - Returner

स्तर वी: गैर Returner
लेवल छठी: अरहत

Jambudipa, यानी, प्रबुद्ध भारत की वैज्ञानिक सोच में

गणित,

खगोल विज्ञान,

कीमिया,

और

शरीर रचना विज्ञान

दर्शन और तुलनात्मक धर्मों;

ऐतिहासिक अध्ययन;

अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंध और शांति अध्ययन;

सार्वजनिक नीति और विकास अध्ययन के संबंध में बिजनेस मैनेजमेंट;

भाषा और साहित्य;

और पारिस्थितिकी और पर्यावरण अध्ययन

  नि: शुल्क ऑनलाइन नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय में आपका स्वागत है

                                              कोर्स कार्यक्रम:

बुद्ध

  वफ़ादारी के उपहार के Sappurisadana सुत्त एक व्यक्ति

http://www.orgsites.com/oh/awakenedone/

जाग नेस आचरण
सभी 84,000 Khandas पाली Suttas के रूप में पाया

परंपरागत रूप
84,000 धर्म दरवाजे हैं - जाग नेस पाने के लिए 84,000 तरीके. शायद इसलिए;
निश्चित रूप से बुद्ध कि नेतृत्व प्रथाओं की एक बड़ी संख्या में सिखाया
जाग नेस. इस वेब पेज पाली में पाए जाने वाले सूची को प्रयास
Suttas (डी.एन., एम.एन., एस.एन., ए.एन., यू एंड एस एन 1). 3 वर्गों रहे हैं:

बुद्ध के प्रवचन अलग पतों के रूप में, 84,000 में विभाजित हैं.
विभाजन बुद्ध द्वारा कहा गया था कि सभी शामिल हैं. मैं से प्राप्त
बुद्ध, 82,000 Khandas, और से आनंद ने कहा,
पुजारियों 2000; थीसिस 84,000 Khandas मेरे द्वारा रखा जाता है. “वे कर रहे हैं
मूल पाठ के पद के रूप में, 275.250 में विभाजित है, और में
361.550, कमेंटरी के पद के रूप में. सभी प्रवचन
उन सहित बुद्ध के दोनों और कमेंटेटर के लोग, 737,000 पद, और 29368000 अलग पत्र युक्त, 2547 banawaras में बांटा जाता है


36) Classical Hmong


36) Classical Hmoob

ZAJ XX14 1290 Hnub vas Xuv

DAWB ONLINE E-Nalanda tshawb fawb thiab kev Xyaum UNIVERSITY

Chav Kawm Cov Kev Pab:
36) Classical Hmoob

Muaj 83 yam lus nyob rau hauv

https://translate.google.com/

Thov cob kiag translation nyob rau hauv koj leej niam tus nplaig rau thesis txhais!

Thatwill Ua ib tug xyaum ntawm xab thooj li qhia los ntawm lub sam!

Thiab ua ib tug kwj Enterer Sotapanna!

Rau Nibbana Nyob Mus Ib Txhis bliss li Zaum Kawg hom phiaj!

http: sarvajan.ambedkar.org

khiav

DAWB ONLINE E-Nalanda tshawb fawb thiab kev Xyaum UNIVERSITY

Koj tus kheej, raws li ntau li ntau leej twg nyob rau hauv lub ntug tag nrho, yuav tsum tau txais koj txoj kev hlub thiab kev hlub.
- hauj sam

Haujsam HAUV Ib nutshell!
UA LI CAS TSIS PHEM!
PHEEJ UA LI CAS ZOO
YUAV xav ntsoov!
- EASY RAU A 7 xyoo TUB TO TAUB
TAB SIS nyuaj RAU A 70 xyoo txiv neej xyaum!

TIPI takÅ los yog 3 Baskets - 1) Pob tawb ntawm Discipline (Vinaya), 2) ntawm Discourses (Sutta) & 3) los yog kawg Lus Qhuab Qhia (Abhidhamma) pitakas.

Txog kev qhia rau (hauj sam)!
             Ua tib zoo xav (Dhamma)!
Organise (SANGHA)!

  

Txawj Ntse YOG HWJ HUAM

Awakened Ib Qhia cov Kev mus rau muaj kev kaj Nyob Mus Ib Txhis bliss

COMPUTER Lom ze YOG IB TUG twj paj nruag!

INTERNET!

YOG

NET Lom ze!

UA UAS TSIM NYOG!

Siv Tej ib lub cuab yeej

Tus Dawb e-Nalanda tshawb fawb thiab kev Xyaum University muaj pob txha re-txhim tsa kom ua los ntawm cov nram qab tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Kev Kawm:

Hauj sam txoj kev xyaum Sangha Nws Dhamma dawb ntawm tus nqi, Li no tus dawb-e-Nalanda tshawb fawb thiab kev Xyaum University nram no ce

Raws li tus Thawj Nalanda University tsis muaj tej Degree, yog li ntawd lub usefull Dawb e-Nalanda tshawb fawb thiab kev Xyaum University.

 

lub
tej lus qhia ntawm hauj sam mus ib txhis, tab sis txawm hauj sam ces tsis tshaj tawm
kom lawv yuav ua infallible. Cov kev cai dab qhuas ntawm hauj sam muaj lub peev xwm hloov
accor Ding rau lub sij hawm, ib tug zoo Tag nrho cov uas tsis muaj lwm yam kev cai dab qhuas yuav thov tau kom
muaj … Tam sim no yog dab tsi yog lub hauv paus ntawm Haujsam? Yog tias koj kawm kom zoo zoo etc, koj yuav
Saib Tias Haujsam yog raws li yog vim li cas. Muaj yog ib qho keeb los yog
yooj txais tau nyob rau nws, -which yog tsis pom nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev cai dab qhuas.

- Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Indian scholar, philosopher thiab kws kes duab vajtse ntawm Constitution ntawm Is Nrias teb, nyob rau hauv nws sau ntawv thiab has lug hab

I.
Kamma

kev yug dua tshiab

Tsua-Ness

hauj sam

Yog li TUAJ IB

Dhamma

II.
ARHAT

PLAUB DAWB HUV tej yam tseeb

Eightfold txoj kev

TWELVEFOLD conditioned sawv

BODHISATTVA

Paramita

RAU Paramis

III.

RAU sab ntsuj plig hwj chim

RAU paths ntawm kev yug dua

AT DHARMA REALMS

TSIB Skandhas

KAUM YIM REALMS

TSIB ncaj ncees precepts

IV.

meditation

MINDFULNESS

PLAUB siv MINDFULNESS

lotus kev sawv

SAMADHI

Chan TSEV KAWM NTAWV

PLAUB JHANAS

PLAUB formless REALMS

V.

TSIB HOM NTAWM tug hauj KAWM THIAB XYAUM

THIAB Mahayana Hinayana Muab piv

NTSHIAB TEB CHAWS

hauj sam recitation

YIM consciousnesses

Ib puas dharmas

emptiness

VI.

dab

caj ces

nrog

Theem kuv: ​​Introduction to Haujsam

Theem II: Tug hauj Studies

TO muaj kev kaj

Theem III: Kwj Enterer

Theem IV: Thaum - returner

Theem V: Tsis yog-returner
Theem VI: Arhat

Jambudipa, ie, Prabuddha Bharath lub scientific thought nyob rau hauv

lej,

astronomy,

alchemy,

thiab

Anatomy

Philosophy thiab sib piv Religions;

Keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb;

International Relations thiab sib haum xeeb kev tshawb fawb;

Ua lag ua luam nyob rau hauv relation mus rau Management Public Policy thiab kev loj hlob kev tshawb fawb;

Yam lus thiab tej ntaub ntawv;

thiab Ecology thiab Environmental Studies

  Txais tos kom tus dawb internet e-Nalanda University-

                                              Chav Kawm Cov Kev Pab:

hauj sam

  Sappurisadana Sutta Ib Tus Neeg ntawm sam xeeb tus Khoom plig

http://www.orgsites.com/oh/awakenedone/

Nyob Ness Practices
Tag nrho cov 84.000 Khandas li muaj nyob rau hauv lub Pali Suttas

poj ua cia yawm
lub yog 84.000 Dharma Qhov Rooj - 84.000 txoj kev kom tau tsaug zog Ness. Tej zaum yog li;
yeej lub hauj sam qhia ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev ua ntawd ua rau
Nyob Ness. Qhov no web page me nyuam no yuav Catalog Cov pom nyob rau hauv lub Pali
Suttas (DN, MN, SN, IB TUG, Ud & SN 1). Nws muaj 3 seem:
lub
Discourses ntawm hauj sam yog muab faib ua 84.000, raws li mus rau cais chaw nyob.
Division muaj xws li tag nrho cov uas tau hais los ntawm hauj sam. “Kuv tau txais los ntawm
Hauj sam, “said Ananda,” 82.000 Khandas, thiab los ntawm
cov pov thawj 2000; thesis yog 84.000 Khandas tswj los ntawm kuv. Lawv yog cov
muab faib ua 275,250, raws li mus rau lub stanzas ntawm tus thawj ntawv, thiab mus rau hauv
361,550, raws li mus rau lub stanzas ntawm lub tswv yim. Tag nrho cov Discourses
Cov neeg-xws li ob leeg ntawm hauj sam thiab cov hauv lub commentator, muab faib mus rau hauv 2.547 banawaras, muaj 737.000 stanzas, thiab 29.368.000 cais tsiaj ntawv


37) Classical Hungaraian

37) Klasszikus Hungaraian

LECKE XX14 1290 péntek

Ingyenes online e-Nalanda Research and Practice EGYETEM

Természetesen Programok:
37) Klasszikus Hungaraian

Jelenleg 83 nyelven

https://translate.google.com/

Kérjük teszi pontos fordítást Ön anyanyelve dolgozat fordítások!

Thatwill Legyél a közvetítés gyakorlatát által tanított a Buddha!

És lesz egy patak Megadó Sotapanna!

Felé Nibbánáról az örök boldogság a végső cél!

http: sarvajan.ambedkar.org

futás

Ingyenes online e-Nalanda Research and Practice EGYETEM

Te magad, mint bárki az egész univerzumban, megérdemlik a szeretet és a ragaszkodás.
- Buddha

Buddhizmus DIÓHÉJBAN!
Ne tégy rosszat!
MINDIG jót
Légy tudatában!
- Könnyen egy 7 éves kisfiú MEGÉRTENI
De nehéz egy 70 éves Man gyakorolni!

TIPI Taka vagy 3 kosárral - 1) Kosár Fegyelem (Vinaya), 2) a diskurzusokat (Szutta) és 3), illetve a legfőbb Tan (Abhidhamma) pitakas.

EDUCATE (BUDDHA)!
             Meditálj (Dhamma)!
Szervezzünk (SANGHA)!

  

Bölcsesség a POWER

Felébredt egy elérési útja látható, hogy elérje az örök boldogság

COMPUTER ENTERTAINMENT eszköze!

INTERNET!

IS

NET ENTERTAINMENT!

Legmegfelelőbbnek!

Az ilyen eszköz

Az ingyenes e-Nalanda Research and Practice Egyetem csont újra szervezett működéséhez az alábbi iskolák tanulás:

Buddha Szangha gyakorolta a Dhamma díjmentesen, tehát a Szabad-e-Nalanda Research and Practice Egyetem követi a példát

Mivel az eredeti Nalanda egyetem nem tett mértékben, így hasznos a szabad e-Nalanda Research and Practice Egyetemen.

 

a
tanításai Buddha örök, de még akkor Buddha nem hirdetik
őket, hogy tévedhetetlen. A vallás a Buddha rendelkezik a képességgel, hogy változtatni
Accor ding az alkalommal, a minőség minden ami nem más vallás is azt állítják, hogy
van Most mi az alapja a buddhizmus? Ha alaposan tanulmányozza, stb, lesz
Lásd, hogy a buddhizmus alapja oka. Van egy elem vagy
rugalmasság velejárói, Melyik nem található semmilyen más vallás.

- Bhimrao Ramji Ámbédkar, indiai tudós, filozófus és építész Alkotmány India, írásaiban és beszédeiben

I.
kamma

ÚJJÁSZÜLETÉS

Ébredjetek-NESS

BUDDHA

ÍGY Jöjjön egy

Dhamma

II.
Arhat

NÉGY SZENT IGAZSÁGOKAT

nyolcszoros Ösvény

Tizenkétszeresére CONDITIONED adódóan

bódhiszattva

Paramita

SIX Paramis

III.

SIX szellemi erőket

HAT UTAK újjászületés

AT DHARMA REALMS

öt szkandha

tizennyolc birodalomnak

FIVE erkölcsi parancsok

IV.

MEDITÁCIÓ

éberség

Négy kérelmet éberség

lótusz

szamádhi

CHAN ISKOLA

NÉGY JHANAS

NÉGY FORMLESS REALMS

V.

Ötféle buddhista tanulás és gyakorlat

És a Mahayana Hinayana képest

PURE ORSZÁG

BUDDHA Szavalat

NYOLC tudatok

SZÁZ dharma

üresség

VI.

DEMON

Származásunk

a

I. fokozat: Bevezetés a buddhizmus

Level II: Buddhist Studies

elérése

Level III: Patak Megadó

Level IV: Egyszer - Returner

Level V: Nem Returner
Level VI: arhat

Jambudipa, azaz Prabuddha Bharath a tudományos gondolkodás

matematika,

csillagászat,

alkímia,

és

anatómia

Filozófia és összehasonlító vallások;

Történeti tanulmányok;

Nemzetközi kapcsolatok és Béke Tanulmányok;

Business Management kapcsolatban Public Policy és fejlesztési tanulmányok;

Nyelv és irodalom;

és Ökológiai és környezetvédelmi ismeretek

  Üdvözöljük a Free Online e-Nalanda egyetemek és

                                              Természetesen Programok:

BUDDHA

  Sappurisadana Sutta A Person of Integrity ajándékok

http://www.orgsites.com/oh/awakenedone/

Awake Ness gyakorlatok
Minden 84.000 Khandas Ahogy azt a Pali szuttákban

hagyományosan
az olyan 84.000 Dharma Doors - 84.000 módja annak, hogy Awake Ness. Lehet, hogy így;
természetesen a Buddha tanította számos gyakorlatot, amely
Awake Ness. Ez a weboldal kísérletek a katalógus is találták a Pali
Szutták (DN, MN, SN, AN, Ud & Sn 1). Jelenleg 3 részből áll:
a
diskurzusok Buddha vannak osztva 84.000, hogy külön címet.
Az ágazatba tartozik minden, amit beszélt Buddha. Kaptam
Buddha “, mondta Ananda 82.000 Khandas, és a
a papok 2000; dolgozat 84.000 Khandas fenn nekem. “Ők
osztva 275,250, hogy a versszak az eredeti szöveg, és a
361,550, hogy a versszak a kommentár. Minden diskurzus
Azok beleértve mind a Buddha és az a kommentátor, vannak osztva 2547 banawaras tartalmazó 737.000 versszak, és 29.368.000 különálló betűk

http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-narendra-modi-made-false-promises-mayawati-2024499

Narendra Modi made false promises: Mayawati

NDA took huge donations from


  • NDA
    took huge donations from “capitalists” and its government in the Centre
    was now working only for them, alleged BSP chief Mayawati.





Addressing a campaign rally in the Jalna Assembly constituency here, BSP supremo Mayawati today alleged that Prime Minister Narendra Modi has not yet fulfilled a single promise he made before the Lok Sabha polls. 


NDA took huge donations from “capitalists” and its government in the
Centre was now working only for them, she alleged. None of the
established parties in Maharashtra had done anything for the people, she
said, adding that her party “believes in action rather than words”.


Mayawati also said that she was in favour of according reservations to
the minority communities as well as the poor sections of upper
classes. A conspiracy to scrap the reservations was afoot, she
alleged. ”I sent criminals and anti-social elements behind bars,” she
said, talking about her party’s erstwhile government in Uttar Pradesh.


BSP has fielded Abdul Rashid Pahalwan in the constituency.

Only the EC knows as to who has to win with its EVMs that could be tampered.

BAHUJAN SAMAJ PARTY - A SILENT INTEGRATOR

Bahujan Samaj Party
“APPEALED”
To Vote for
“Sarvajan Hitaye & Sarvajan Sukhaye”
In General Elections -2014
Being Held In the Country
For the 16th Lok Sabha

Kumari Mayawati
National President
Bahujan Samaj Party



O, the poor, SC/STs, backwards, exploited, oppressed and the
people of other neglected classes, rise and become rulers on the
strength of your votes and yourselves achieve your cherished goal
of “Social Transformation and Economic Emancipation”.
National President of BSP movement and Icon of social
 transformation in the country Behen Ms. Mayawati Ji, who has been
consistently advancing the caravan of the epoch-making person,
who gave an epoch-making call of this kind, the architect of the 
Constitution, hart Ratna and most revered Baba Saheb Dr.
Bhimrao Ambedkar, offering glowing tributes to Baba saheb.

Jai Bhim !                                                                           Jai Bharat !!

Bahujan Samaj Party “APPEAL”
To Vote for
“Sarvajan Hitaye & Sarvajan Sukhaye”
In General Elections -2014
Being Held In the Country
For the 16th Lok Sabha


Dear Friends,
             As is now known to everyone, Bahujan
Samaj Party” (BSP) is the only party in our
country which “does not believe merely
promises, allurement or announcement etc.,
but in demonstrating abundant volume of work
in public interest and for public welfare.” In other
words, BSP believes in mantra of “deeds and
not merely words.”Therefore, our party,
unlike other political parties, does not issue any
“Election Manifesto” of its in any election, rather
issues only an “APPEAL” to vote for the BSP
for completing the incomplete work of the
humanistic movement of the great Sants, Gurus
and Mahapurush (great men) born from time
to time in the “Bahujan Samaj” here in our
country, especially Mahatma Jyotiba Phule,
Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj, Shri Narayana
Guru, Baba Saheb Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar and
Manyawar Shri Kanshi Ram Ji etc., by following
the paths shown by them so that our party by
showing a good result in elections can occupy
the seat of power and then through the “Master
Key” of political power can make the life of the
poor people from the Sarva Samaj (all sections
of society), as also others unhappy and
oppressed by a castiest  order “just happy,
prosperous and dignifies”, because about the
importance of the “Master Key of political
power” Baba Saheb Dr. Bhimrao Abedkar
used to often say that “political power is that
one Master Key through which all the problems
can be solved, in other words, through this
Master Key all the closed doors to your progress
and prosperity can be opened.”

    By following this very thinking of
Parampujya Bab Saheb Dr.Bhimrao Ambedkar,
our party is contesting these general elections
to 16th Lok Sabha on all the seats in most of
the states of the country with full preparation
on its own, in other words, our party has not in
this Lok Sabha elections entered into
any electoral alliance or understanding of
any kind with any party.

    But now the main question that arises
here is why is it necessary for the general public
of the country not to vote for the “Congress”
and the “BJP” and their allies, but to vote only
for the “BSP” and strengthen this party of theirs
all over the country? This main and essential
thing will have to be understood carefully.

    In this regard, it is our conviction that
the BSP is the only political party in the country
the “ideology, principles and policies” besides
“work style” of which are in the greater interest
of and for the full welfare of Sarva Samaj,
in other words, the people of all the religions
and all castes; and, at the same time, it does
well within time  whatever it says in the interest
of and for the welfare of the Sarva Samaj (all
sections of society), whereas other political
parties give a lot of assurances and do very
little work to translate them into realities, in
other words, most of their work is confined to
planning on paper and is seldom seen or is at
the best seen incomplete at the ground level, a
proper benefit of which is not able to reach the
common people in a right manner.

    This is the main reason why as a result
of wrong policies of the government of the
parties having a cattiest mindset no significant
change has come about even now, 66 years
after independence in “social, educational and
economic” condition of the ” Bahujan Samaj”,
which comprises the Scheduled Castes (SCs),
Scheduled Tribes (STs), other backward classes
(OBCs) and the people of different communities
and religions like the Sikhs, Muslims, Christians,
Parsis and Buddhists etc., belonging to the
religious minority society, whose population is
altogether about 85 percent of the country.

    And, I have spoken about wrong policies
of the governments of these opposition parties
here because in our country, in the centre and
most of the states, governments of whichever
parties have been formed till date have been
mostly formed with financial assistance of big
capitalists and super-rich (dhannaseth) , because
of which these parties after coming to power,
frame each and every “economic policy” of their
respective government in accordance with the
interests of those very super-rich, in other words;
they do not frame their economic policies with a
view to removing sufferings and hardships of
the poor and the general public here.

    Thus all these opposition parties,
despite maintaining their separate identities ,
foster and promote only a particular kind of
belief that is bases on “pro-capitalist” and they
have common masters, who are big capitalists
and super-rich persons and industrialist, in
other words, all these opposition parties and
big capitalists  have been always complimenting
each other and they both  take pride in helping
and serving interests of each other, which is not
at all pro-poor and pro-people. Their interest in
removing sorrows and sufferings of the poor
people and the general public is mostly a
“sham and hypocrisy”.

     Not only this, rather because of these
very reasons “prices and unemployment”
skyrocketing and have been continuously
increasing here as a result of which the vast
population of the poor and the middle income
class in the country for the teason of being the
hardest hit are highly unhappy and stressed.
This is the main reason why the economic
condition of the people of the “Bahujan Samaj”
here along with that of particularly the poor
people from the “avarna (Upper/High carte)
Samaj” continues to be very bad even now.

    Keeping all these matters in view, we
then by following the paths shown by Parampujya
Baba Saheb Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar had to form
a separate political party of ours by the name
of the “Bahujan Samaj party” (BSP) under the
leadership of “Manyawar Shri Kanshi Ram Ji”
on April 14, 1984, and now this party with
limitless love, sacrifices and cooperation of the
Sarva Samaj has become a prominent and
important party at the “national level”.

    And as it is known to all, the Bhaujan
Samaj Party (BSP) does not at all follow in the
footsteps of the anti-poor and pro-capitalists
parties like the congress and the BJP, and
rather than take money from capitalists and
super-rich like other parties and work at their
bidding, it is running its “humanistic
movement” all over the country by taking
donation and membership subscription from
its cadre, followers and supporters.

    By following the same principle, our
party has also got an auspicious opportunity of
forming its own government several times in
the most populous state of the country, Uttar
Pradesh, and it has been the first and the only
government in the country every policy of which
has been framed by keeping in view the moto
of “Sarvajan Hitaye and sarvajan Sukhaye”
(Progress and Prosperity For All), which clearly
and perfectly reflects “Pro-sarvajan and pro-
Sarva Samaj ideology and policies” of the BSP.

    Not only this, rather this party of ours
by gradually expanding its mass-base in the
entire countrys now ensured victory of many
of its nominees and sent them as MPs to
Parliament and as Legislators in several state
assemblies. besides, government has been
formed under the leadership of our party in Uttar
Pradesh four times, ( first three times in the years
of 1995, 1997, and 2002 for short periods but
in the year of 2007 with an absolute majority
for five years), and , all the four times the
government of our party has in the matter of
ensuring “development and justice” in the state
taken full care of interests and welfare of the
Sarva samaj, but we have also given first
priority to those people of the “Bahujan samaj”,
who under the past governments have been
neglect here on a big scale particularly in the
“social, educational and economic” field.

    And it is by taking serious note of this
that the government of our (BSP) part in Uttar
Pradesh in order to bring about judicious
improvement in “social, educational and
economic” condition of the people of the
Bahujan Samaj constituted for the first time in
the country separate “Welfare Department” for
each of their segments and by selecting
particularly SC/ST majority villages in the state
on a priority basis under the Dr. ambedkar Gram
Vikas Yojana ( Village Development Scheme) has
done the work of covering them with necessary
basic amenities of every kind and other works
of development also in a phased manner and
then with a view to making this scheme still
more beneficial has made available a lot of funds
under this ssheme and changes its name to
“Baba Saheb Dr.Ambedkat Uttar Pradesh Gram
Sabha Samagra Vikas Yojana” for all round
development of gramsabhas.

    Similarly in the name of Manyawar Shri
Kanshi Ram Ji, who advanced the stalled
humanistic self-respect caravan of Baba sahib
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar by imparting momentum
to it, “Shahari Samagra Vika Yojana” (Urban all
round development scheme) was devised and
through this scheme, cities, towns and villages,
big and small, of Uttar Pradesh were developed
in a phased manner. But momentum could be
imparted to all these works only by keeping in
view limited economic resources of the state, and
had our government got adequate cooperation
from the Central Government for all these welfare
works, still more and speedier benefit could have
been made available to the deprived people.

    Besides by giving priority to particularly
“SC/STs, exploited, other backward classes (OBCs)
and religious minorities” from the Sarva samaj
in Uttar pradesh,”two-room pucca houses”
were given to the poor homeless from among
them and by “allotting vacant government
land” to helpless people for “farming”;
possession has also been ensured to them by
the BSP government, which has directly
benefitted lakhs of poor people in Uttar pradesh.

    For promoting “Education”also, our
BSP government has for the first time in the country
granted “scholarships” to children belonging to
the Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes and like
them to the poor children of the other backward
classes (OBCs) and of Muslim samaj in particular
from the religious minorities and in accordance
with increase in prices has “doubled” the rates
of the scholarships and also made arrangements
for distributing these to students immediately
after their admission. And  at the same time, to
help qualifying “poor students from these
classes for high ranking jobs”, our government
has also made arrangements for giving them
“free government coaching”.

    Besides, for poor children from the
“Savarna (Upper Caste) Samaj, along with
these classes in Uttar Pradesh, dawn of a new
age in the field of higher and technical education
has been ushered in under which an historic work
has been done for the first time to send such
children to other countries for higher education
at government expenditure to the newly
established world class “Gautam Buddha
University” in newly created Gautam Buddha
Nagar District (Greater Noida near New Delhi).

    At the same time, giving priority to the
development of people of Scheduled
castes and Scheduled Tribes, a provision was
mad for the first time for separate “25 per
cent fund” from the budget of the Uttar
Pradesh government for them. Similarly, for
creating a sense of security among the people
of the “Bahujan samaj” in every district of Uttar
Pradesh, a provision of “reservation” was made
for the first time in the country for making
officers of the “police department” from their
society as Station House Officers (SHO).

    Similarly, full care has been taken of
particularly the people of the “Muslim Society”
the largest segment of the religious minority
society, in Uttar Pradesh in every field. their
educational and economic development and also
full security of their life and property and religion
were ensured. in addition, by including
economically backward people from the Muslim
society in the list of the backward class, our party’s
government for the first time made available
to them “facility of reservation in government
jobs and other fields” in Uttar Pradesh.

    A new initiative in the matter of
 ”reservation” : In the matter of “reservation”
also, we during all our terms in office i Uttar
Pradesh have got cleared the backlog of
“reservation” quota of people of the
Scheduled castes(SCs)/Scheduled Tribes (STs)
and the other backward classes (OBCs) pending
for years in government services and other areas
by conducting a spacial recruitment drive as a
result of which the people of these classes got
“permanent employment on a big scale”
and a new kind of confidence was generated
among the people of these classes.

    Besides, for making available the facility
of “reservation” in the areas like ” hon’ble
Judiciaary, council of ministers, Rajya Sabha,
Legislative Councils and private sectors” etc., in
the country where it is not yet been made
available to the people of the Scheduled castes/
Scheduled Tribes and the other backward
classes by the Central Government, our party’s
struggle with the Central Government is
relentlessly continuing. At the same time,
relentless effort is being made by our party for
securing the benefit of reservation in an
additional way, keeping intact the provision of
reservation as fixed at present, to those people
of the Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes in the
country who through religious conversion have
become Christians or Muslims, by taking up with
the Central Government their inclusion also into
the list of Scheduled castes/Scheduled Tribes.

    Moreover, the governments of the
Congress Party, BJP and other opposition parties
under a well thought out conspiracy are engaged
in an attempt to gradually finish the facility of
reservation, which the people of the Scheduled
Castes (SCs)/ Scheduled Tribes (STs) and the
other backward classes (OBCs) are getting in
government services in “government
departments” and “institutions” at central and
state levels in the country becausee of tireless
efforts of most revered Bba Saheb Dr. Bhimrao
Ambedkar, by handing these over to the “private
sector” on a big scale, when the facility of
reservation is not yet available to these
classes in jobs at the central and state levels in
the private sector. And in such a situation, a day
will come when the entire constitutional facility
of reservation for these classes will automatically
come to an end. Our party is very “serious and
worried” over this matter and in this regard the
people of these classes all over the country also
need to be very “alert and vigilant”.

    In this context, it is the believe of our party
that this constitutional facility of reservation of
the people of SCs/STs and OBCs can remain
secure and this facility can be secured for them
in the areas where it is not yet available only
when these people form a government of their
own party, BSP, in the country, in the Centre
also along with that in the states and an
“incontrovertible proof” of this is the formation
of our party’s government in Uttar Pradesh as
the BSP’s is the first and the only government
in the country to have ensured “full guarantee”
of keeping intact the existing facility of
reservation even after the handing over of any
“government department” and “institution” in
Uttar Pradesh to the private sector.

    At the same time, our party in the matter
of reservation has for the first time made a
provision that if the works of government
departments are given to any “private
institution” or “individual” on contract, then the
same percentage of reservation would continue
to be given to the people of the SCs, Sts and
the OBCs classes as they have been getting in
government departments.

    At the same time, our party in the  matter
of “reservation” all over the country is a votary
of providing separate reservation to the poor
people from the Savarna (Upper caste)
society on an economic basis, which would
have to be implemented only by the “Central
Government” by amending the Country’s
Constitution. Therefore, several times letters
have been written by the government of our
party to the Government for giving separate
reservation to these classes on an
economic basis, but this suggestion of ours
has not so far been accepted by the Central
Government of any party.

    But in this regard, I wish to assure the
people of the “Savarna Society” that when a
government of our party is formed, then our
party’s government would make a meaningful
attempt to remove their poverty and
unemployment also by certainly making
available the facility of reservation to them
without being asked by them to do so. And even
otherwise it is known to you people about the
work style of our party that our party does what
it says, in other words, there is no difference
between assertions and deeds of our party, this
is known to all by now.

    My party’s government has also been
fully sensitive and serious over “Social
Security”  benefits to the people along with
Constitutional facility of “reservation”. Therefore,
we have increased the amount of old age/farmer
pension from Rs.150 to Rs.300. At the same
time, may party’s government promptly
increased the daily wages of “labourers” from
Rs.58 to Rs. 100 as they are the most poor
and weaker section and mostly come in the
category of “agricultural “labourers” and to whom
no attention had ever been paid earlier  because
of their having been not organized.

    At the same time, our BSP government
in Uttar Pradesh has instead of giving
“unemployment allowance” provided the youths
with an opportunity to live with self-respect and
self-reliance by providing them with
“opportunity of permanent employment”.
In addition to these, my part’s government has
taken full care of interests of the poor and
unemployed people from the Sarva samaj as
also “farmers”, “workers”, “traders” and the
people engaged in other occupations and has
taken many important decisions in their interests.

    Along with these works, our party’s
government in Uttar pradesh has given full
respect and honor to great Sants, Gurus and
Mahapurush ( great men) born from time to
time in the Bahujan Samaj by creating several
“new  districts, universities, hospitals and
museums and many other important
places” were named after them.

    Here, I also wish to say it that the
peole of SCs/STs, backward and other
neglected samaj (classes) have been victims
of excesses and atrocities of various kinds
perpetrated  by the people having a cattiest
mindset since independence till date and they
are “not getting full justice” in time and in a
proper and satisfactory manner. But our party
on coming to power in the Centre would not at
all allow “injustice and exploitation” of any kind
to any class of the society and would do
” Justice to all” and by fully establishing a
“Rule of Law By Law” in the entire country.
like in Uttar Pradesh and would thereby create
an “atmosphere free from injustice, crime,
exploitation and fear”

    At the same time, because of absence of
adequate development and rampant injustice,
exploitation, poverty and wretched condition
across the regions in our country, the people are
adopting the path of “Naxalism”, and Centre
and the state governments have not yet given
proper attention towards them, but our party
immediately on assuming power in the Centre
would make every possible effort to find a “lasting
solution” to all their problems and will also make
fullest effort to bring them into the mainstream
of development process by providing them the
opportunity of “permanent employment”.

    Besides, “terrorism” has grown to be
big challenge before our country over the past
few years, the main reason of which are
weaknesses of the Central Government and also
whichever party is in power also has to some
extent a vested political interest in it. But our
party on coming to power in the Centre would
pay full attention towards this also.

    As far the question of the National
Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme is
concerned, there is a provision of providing
employment for only 100 out of 365 days in a
year under the scheme and that too for only
one unemployed member of a family. But on
coming to power in then Centre, we will run such
a scheme for the poor and needy people living
in rural areas all over the country as would
ensure for them “employment throughout the
year, i.e., all the 365 days of a year” by
restructuring/rationalising various existing
welfare schemes.

    At the same time, it is also no secret to
anyone that during the long rule of over 63 years
of the Congress and the BJP and their supporting
parties, “farm, farming and farmers” have
been neglected in a big way; in other words, in
the process of encouraging big/heavy industries
under the governments of these parties serious
negligence has been shown towards interests
and welfare of “farming sector and farmers”.

    Not only this, rather persisting in this
cattiest and feudal mindset even now, the
Central Government led by the Congress party
announced only a few concessions in the budget
for 2007-08 to benefit a handful of big farmers.
Such announcements are generally made before
elections because of which their real benefit
does accrue to the people.

    At the same time, no concern is shown
for crores of such farmers in the country who are
groaning under loan at exorbitant rates of
interests from money lenders. They constitute
about 46 per cent of total number of farmers and
need government assistance to the maximum so
that they could be prevented from committing
suicides. But the Central and the state
governments have done nothing to improve the
wretched lots of crores of families and farmers.

    Another bitter truth in this process is that
the land of the poor and helpless people have
been acquired for setting up big/heavy
industries, but they have not been given jobs
of even the lowest order in those industries
because of which the life of the people of the
“Adivasi (Scheduled Tribe) Samaj” in
particular has become still more difficult. During
the rule of the Congress and the BJP, this is the
height of exploitation, but our party wants to
make “farming a dignified occupation”.

    Not only that, our path wants to see
the life of farmers as happy and prosperous.
Our BSP government in its very first year had
began work on an extremely ambitious “Ganga
Express-Way” , from NOIDA (New Delhi) to
Ballia, bordering Bihar which could have turned
around the face and fortunes of about half the
’state and at the same time could have improved
the fate of farmers on a big scale, but it did not
get adequate cooperation from the Central
Government for this high ambitious project.

    Besides, a proper use would be made of
“Natural Resources” in the country for
improvement in the economic condition of the
people.”Good and proper use of natural
resources” in the full and honest natural
interest  can play big role in improving the
standard of life of the people here. We are in
favor of providing solution to the problem of
unemployment at the local level by making
“optimum use small resources” of the area itself.

    At the same time, of the land fit for cultivation
and lying vacant with the government
in the entire country, which is not being used,
such “fallow land” at the rate of “3 acres would
be distributed free” on the pattern of Uttar
Pradesh for cultivation to the people of the Sarva
Samaj by giving priority to the poor and
unemployed peole of the SC/s/STs and backward
classes. Not only this, rather villages, kasbas,
towns and big cities in the entire country would
be developed on the pattern of the “Dr.
Ambedkar Gram Vikas Yojana”  and the
“Manyawar Kanshi Ram Ji Shahari Samagra
Vikas Yojana” devised in Uttar Pradesh.

    Thus, our party after coming to power
in the Centre would frame the “Economic
Policy” of the country in every field by keeping
in view interests of the Sarva Samaj for then
only can our party’s dream of “Sarvajan Hitaye
and Sarvajan Sukhaye” be realized. At the same
time, our every economic policy would be
designed to reach “proper benefit to the general
public”, and it will not be of a kind that makes
the “rich richer and the poor poorer” as has
been happening during the rule of the Congress,
the BJP and their supporting parties so far.

    Besides, on coming to power in the
Centre, our government’s  “Foreign Policy” in
every respect would be absolutely in the full
interest of Sarva samajand the country; in
other words, while framing foreign policy and
reaching international agreements special care
would be taken of the security of the country
as also of the country’s honour,self-respect and
sovereignty, it would not be mortgaged the way
it was done by the Congress-led UPA
Government while entering into the Indo-
American Nuclear Deal in the year of 2008.

    In brief, it is the contention of our party
that if the people of the “Bahujan Samaj and
 the Upper Caste Samaj” wish to create all over
the country an atmosphere akin to that ensures
by the BSP government of Uttar Pradesh by
securing for the people a “life of self-respect”,
they would have to take the”Master Key of
political power” into their own hands by
showing a good result in the Lok Sabha general
elections being held in the country now.

    But for achieving success in this, they
would certainly have to be alert against “many
tactics like “Saam, Daam, Dand, Bhedh”
(cajolery, inducement, coercion, divisive
politics) etc., of opposition parties because
opposition parties can go to any extent to harm
our party and its electoral prospect.

    And in this regard, opposition parties
would make fullest efforts to see to it that our
party cannot at any cost get the votes of the
people of Upper caste society , and for this,
opposition parties may also try to present a
distorted picture about our party’s “ideology and
policies”, whereas the ideologies and policies of
our party are not against any caste and religion,
rather the “BSP wishes to unite in a spirit of
brotherhood the people fragmented in this
country on the basis of caste and vans in order
to establish here a ‘humanity-based Equalitarian
Social Order’, which is in fullest interest of the
Sarva samaj and the country an in which all
the people are equal and share mutual fraternal
feelings, then only the inequitable social
order prevalent in the country be uprooted.

    And if in this missionary work of “Social
Transformation”, the people of the “Upper
caste society” also along with the “Bahujan
Samaj” extend their cooperation, doors would
be found open for such people for admission to
and advancement in the Bahujan Samaj Party.

    In this regard, I also wish to make it, clear
here that had the “ideology and policies” of our
party been against the “Upper Caste Samaj”, why
would our party have kept the people of these
class at the national and state levels in its
organizations? Also, why would it have fielded
them in the Lok sabha and Assembly elections
on its tickets and given them respectable position
of ministers on formation of its government in Uttar
Pradesh? In other words, the ideology and all
the policies of our party are pro-Sarva Samaj
and based on the ideal humanistic principle of
“Sarvajan Hitaye and Sarvajan Sukhaye”.

    Besides,  also wish to make it clear, here
about the “ideology and policies” of that BSP that
an “Equalitarian Social Order” is not going to be
established in the country by organizing only the
people of  the “Bahujan Samaj” alone. For this,
we would also have to take along the Upper caste
Hindus on the basis of “social brothrhood” by
changing their cattiest mindset, then only an
“Equalitarian Social Order” in a real sense, in
accordance with the thinking of the architect of
Country’s Constitution Baba Saheb Dr. Bhimrao
Ambedkar, can be established in our country, and
it is only after this that the Sarva Samaj can  be
fully united and divisions of “high” and “low” and
caste and creed can come to an end in the society
here for ever and then only the people can get
full opportunity of advancing in every walk of life.

    But the BSP people would have to bear
this in mind that the Congress, BJP and their
supporting parties will not allow our party to
come to power so easily here in the Centre and
to prevent our party from com in to power in
the Centre all the opposition parties will use
“tactics of every kind like cajolery,
inducement, coercion, divisive politics
etc.,” and the party people would have to be
very alert against it at every step.

    What is meant is that at the time of the
Lok Sabha general elections being held in the
country, all the opposition parties can influence
your votes by misleading you with “inducements
and assurances” of various kinds. For this reason,
it is my advice to BSP supporters and well wishers
that you have to be fully alert against all kinds
of tactics employed by the Congress, BJP and
their allies during the elections.

    And in this regard, what merits particular
attention here is that whenever these opposition
parties have there governments in the Centre and
the states, then for the first 3-4 years they do
not bother even a little bit about the interests of
the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, other
backward classes (OBCs), religious minorities and
the poor and unemployed people from the Upper
castes and farmers, workers, traders, employees
and the people engaged in other occupations, but
when the time of elections comes close the
interests of these classes suddenly come to the
mind of these opposition parties and then these
parties start using “electoral tactics” of different
kinds such as making many populist laws and
rules in their interests, distributing scholarships,
cheap wheat and rice and other populist relief
acts of various kinds. But once the elections are
over, these opposition parties treat these laws
and rules as garbage and discard them in the
garbage bin and the work of relief etc., then
comes to an end until the next elections.

    Besides, attempts could also be made by
thé opposition par ties during the elections to garners
your votes by spreading rumors of different
kinds against which also our party people need
to be extremely vigilant. At the same time, it is
also my “APPEAL” to the people and
sympathisers  of BSP that “you remain fully alert ,
your vote is invaluable, ensure that none of your
votes can be purchased nor could be looted.
Neither it is left uncast nor it is misused by any
selfish element ensnare you in the name of caste
and creed, by using money power or by inciting
feelings over the issue of temple and mosque,
in other words, you have to defend democracy
with all your might.

    Therefore, in the interest of Sarva
Samaj, your respective state and country,
you have to entrust power in the centre into
the hands of the right party, that is Bahujan Samaj
Party (BSP) so that the party’s government
through this power can frame each one of its
policies in every walk of life in accordance with
the principle of “Sarvajan Hitaye and
Sarvajan Sukhaye i.e., Progress and
Prosperity For All” and thereby make the life
of the “Bahujan Samaj and poor and unemployed
people from Upper/high caste society happy and
prosperous in a dignified manner.”

In the end keeping all these matters in
view, I make this “APPEAL” to all the supporters,
followers  and well wishers of the BSP that they
should not be misled by any populist promises
made in the “election manifestos” of opposition
parties, in other words, they should act only on
this “APPEAL” of their own party and must
make all the BSP candidates in this general
elections being held for the Lok Sabha victorious

by pressing the button facing the B.S.P. election
symbol “Elephant”of their party. I fully have
this expectation from the people of my party,
its supporters and well wishers.

Jai Bhim, Jai Bharat

Appeal by (Kumari Mayawati)
National President,
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)



Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Samajik Parivarthan Sthal,
an architectural marvel built
by Behen Mayawati Ji
government of Uttar Pradesh
at the Bank of river Gomti in
respect and honour of Sants,
Gurus and Mahapurush
(Great men) born in SC/ST and
Other Backward Classes (OBC) samaj

Manyawar Shri Kanshi
Ram Ji  Smarak Sthal,
Lucknow at the VVIP
Road is dedicated to Shri
Kanshi ram Ji, who
devoted his life and
sacrificed a lot to give
momentum to humanistic
‘Self-Respect’ movement
which was stalled after
the demise of Babasaheb
Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar.



Gautam Buddha
University, NOIDA,
Gautam Buddha Nagar
district near national
capital New Delhi is an
institution of high and
advance learning where
poor students of SC/ST,
OBCs, religious minorities
and upper caste samaj
were given opportunity to
go for higher studies in
Europe and America.


Manyawar Shri Kanshi Ram Ji  Urban Poor Housing Scheme


Lakhs of urban poor
families belonging to
Sarva samaj were
given their own pucca
home under highly
ambitious
“Manyawar
Shri Kanshi Ram Ji 
Urban Poor Housing
Scheme
” by Behen
Mayawati Ji Govt. in
Uttar Pradesh.


    Ideology and policies of B.S.P. are
genuinely pro-people and in the full interest

of Sarva Samaj, all sections of the society as

it is based upon cherished humanistic goal
of “Sarvajan Hitaye and Sarvajan Sukhaye
(Progress and Prosperity For All)”




RSS
chief Mohan Bhagwat is saying ‘the cultural identity of all Indians is
Hindutva’ which has got nothing to do.It is just a political cult.
The
20th century descriptions of this 1% RSS chitpavans list inordinate
stealth cult,  frugality, untrustworthiness (Duba Kors),
conspiratorialism, phlegmatism, militant, violent, heckling with
dominatin attitude  not only murder democracy but also the real
spirituality of this nation. The true cultural identity of this country
is Jambudipan that is Prabuddha Bharath since all belong to the same
race with Buddha Nature practicing equality, fraternity and liberty as
enshrined in the Constitution based on Dhamma.

Now it is the
Fraud Duba Kor EVMs that has to be exposed because the  Duba Kor EVM 
CJI Sadhasivam, a brahmin allowed the Lok Sabha with majority fraud
tamperable  Duba Kor EVMs at therequest of  Duba Kor EVM CEC Sampath
another brahmin to replace the  Duba Kor EVMs in phased manner that
helped RSS’s BJP to acquire the MASTER KEY. Till all the  Duba Kor EVMs
are replaced with fool proof Voting system the present CJI must order to
scrap the present Lok Sabha.& have a collegium system of picking
judges from SC/ST/OBC/Minorities for having a fool proof voting system
to safeguard Liberty, Fraternity and Equality as enshrined in the
Constitution. And also a collegium system in the Chief Election
Commission consisting SC/ST/OBC/Minorities for having a fool proof
voting system to safeguard Liberty, Fraternity and Equality as enshrined
in the Constitution to prevent Murder of Democracy.. After the  Duba
Kor EVM are replaced with fool proof voting system Lok Sabha elections
must be held. If chitpawan  brahmins have to be sidelined totally
because of their politics of hatred towards all non Ariyo brahmins, all
the non- ariyo brahmins have to unite under BSP for Sarvajan Hitay,
Sarvajan Sukhay i.e., for the welfare and happiness of all societies
including, SC/STs, OBCs, Minorities and the  poor upper castes by
sharing the wealth of the country equally among all sections of the
society as enshrined in the Constitution.

Haughty behavior by the
upstart chitpvans caused conflicts with other communities which
manifested itself as late as in 1948 in the form of anti-Brahminism
after the killing of M.K. Gandhi by Nathuram Godse, a chitpavan. Bal
Gangadhar Tilak After the fall of the Maratha Empire in 1818, the
chitpavans lost their political dominance to the British.The British
would not subsidize the chitpavans on the same scale that their
caste-fellow, the Peshwas had done in the past. Pay and power was now
significantly reduced. Poorer chitpavan students adapted and started
learning English because of better opportunities in the British
administration. Some of the strongest resistance to change also came
from the very same community. Jealously guarding their brahmin stature,
the orthodox among the chitpavans were not eager to see the shastras
challenged, nor the conduct of the brahmins becoming indistinguishable
from that of the sudras. The vanguard and the old guard clashed many
times. The chitpavan community includes two major politicians in the
Gandhian tradition: Gopal Krishna Gokhale whom he acknowledged as a
preceptor, & Vinoba Bhave, one of his outstanding disciples. Gandhi
describes Bhave as the Jewel of his disciples, and recognized Gokhale as
his political guru.However,strong opposition to Gandhi also came from
within the chitpavan community.V D Savarkar,the founder of the Hindu
nationalist political ideology hindutva  is castiest and communal duba
kor militant stealth political cult greed of power hating all the
non-chitpavan brahimins which anger that is madness requiring treatment
in mental asylums, was a chitpavan brahmin. Several members of the
chitpavan community were among the first to embrace d hindutva ideology,
which they thought was a logical extension of the legacy of the Peshwas
and caste-fellow Tilak. These chitpavans felt out of place with the
Jambudipan social reform movement of Mahatama Phule and the mass
politics of Mr.M.K. Gandhi. Large numbers of the community looked to
Savarkar, the Hindu Mahasabha and finally the RSS. Gandhi’s assassins
Narayan Apte and Nathuram Godse, drew their inspiration from fringe
groups in this reactionary trend.Therefore, the RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat
is saying ‘the cultural identity of all Indians is Hindutva’ covering
the above facts. On kobras (the konkanastha chitpavan brahmin Community)
of West of the Country. The chitpavan or chitpawan, are brahmins native
to the Konkan with a sizeable Christian Protestant.Until the 18th
century,the chitpavans were not esteemed in social ranking,and were
indeed considered by other brahmin tribes as being an inferior caste of
brahmins.It remains concentrated in Maharashtra but also has populations
all over the Country and rest of the world, (USA & UK.) According
to Bene Israeli legend, the Chitpavan and Bene Israel are descendants
from a group of 14 people shipwrecked off the Konkan coast. several
immigrant groups including the Parsis, the Bene Israelis,the
kudaldeshkar gaud brahmins, and the Konkani saraswat brahmins, and the
chitpavan brahmins were the last of these immigrant arrivals.The
satavahanas were  sanskritisers. It is possibly at their time that the
new group of chitpavan brahmins were formed.Also, a reference to the
chitpavan surname ghaisas, written in Prakrut Marathi can be seen on a
tamra-pat (bronze plaque) of the Year 1060 A.D.belonging to the King
Mamruni of Shilahara Kingdom, found at Diveagar in Konkan. With the
accession of balaji bhat and his family to the supreme authority of the
Maratha Confederacy, chitpavan immigrants began arriving en masse from
the Konkan to Pune where the Peshwa offered all important offices his
fellow-castemen. The chitpavan kin were rewarded with tax relief &
grants of land. Historians cite nepotism & corruption as causes of
the fall of the Maratha Empire in 1818. Richard Maxwell Eaton states
that this rise of the chitpavans is a classic example of social rank
rising with political fortune. Traditionally, the chitpavan brahmins
were a community of astrologers and priests who offer religious services
to other communities.

The 20th century descriptions of the
chitpavans list inordinate frugality, untrustworthiness,
conspiratorialism, phlegmatism. Agriculture was the second major
occupation in the community, practiced by the those who possess arable
land. Later, chitpavans became prominent in various white collar jobs
and business. Most of the chitpavan brahmins in Maharashtra have adopted
Marathi as their language. Till the 1940s, most of the chitpavans in
Konkan spoke a dialect called chitpavani Konkani in their homes. Even at
that time, reports recorded chitpavani as a fast disappearing language.
But in Dakshina Kannada District and Udupi Districts of Karnataka, this
language is being spoken in places like Durga and Maala of Karkala
taluk and also in places like Shishila and Mundaje of Belthangady
Taluk.There are no inherently nasalized vowels in standard Marathi
whereas the chitpavani dialect of Marathi does have nasalized vowels.
Earlier, d deshastha brahmins believed that they were the highest of all
brahmins, & looked down upon the chitpavans as parvenus (a relative
newcomer to a socioeconomic class),barely equal to the noblest of
dvijas. Even the Peshwa was denied the rights to use the ghats reserved
for Deshasth priests @ Nashik on the Godavari.Dis usurping of power by
chitpavans from the deshastha Brahmins resulted in intense rivalry
between the two brahmin communities which continued in late Colonial
British India times. The 19th century records also mention Gramanyas or
village-level debates between the Chitpavans, & two other
communities, namely the Daivajnas, and the Chandraseniya Kayastha
Prabhus. This lasted for about ten years.

Half a century
ago,Dr.Ambedkar surveyed the existing data on the physical anthropology
of the different castes in his book The Untouchables.He found that the
received wisdom of a racial basis of caste was not supported by the
data,e.g.:The table for Bengal shows that the chandal who stands sixth
in the scheme of social precedence and whose touch pollutes, is not much
differentiated from the brahmin. In Bombay the deshastha brahmin bears a
closer affinity to the Son-Koli, a fisherman caste, than to his own
compeer, the chitpavan brahmin.  The Mahar, the Untouchable of the
Maratha region, comes next together with the Kunbi, the peasant.  They
follow in order the shenvi brahmin, the nagar brahmin and the high-caste
Maratha. These results  mean that there is no correspondence between
social gradation and physical differentiation in Bombay.
A remarkable
case of differentiation in skull and nose indexes, noted by Dr.
Ambedkar, was found to exist between the brahmin and the (untouchable)
Chamar of Uttar Pradesh. But this does not prove that brahmins are
foreigners, because the data for the U.P. brahmin were found to be very
close to those for the Khattri and the untouchable Chuhra of Punjab. If
the U.P. brahmin is indeed foreign to U.P., he is by no means foreign to
India, at least not more than the Punjab untouchables. This confirms
the scenario which we can derive from the Vedic and ItihAsa-PurANa
literature:the Vedic tradition was brought east from d Vedic heartland
by brahmins who were physically indistinguishable from the lower castes
there, when the heartland in Punjab-Haryana at its apogee exported its
culture to the whole Aryavarta (comparable to the planned importation of
brahmins into Bengal and the South around the turn of the Christian
era).  These were just two of the numerous intra-Indian migrations of
caste groups.Recent research has not refuted Ambedkar,s views. A press
report on a recent anthropological survey led by Kumar Suresh Singh
explains:English anthropologists contended that the upper castes of
India belonged to the Caucasian race and the rest drew their origin from
Australoid types.The survey has revealed this to be a myth.Biologically
&linguistically, we are very mixed, says Suresh Singh () The report
says that the people of India have more genes in common, and also share
a large number of morphological traits. 

There is much greater
homogenization in terms of morphological and genetic traits at the
regional level, says the report. For example, the brahmins of Tamil Nadu
(esp.Iyengars) share more traits with non-brahmins in d state than with
fellow brahmins in western or northern India.

The sons-of-the-soil
theory also stands demolished. The Anthropological Survey of India has
found no community in India that cant remember having migrated from some
other part of the country.Internal migration accounts for much of
India’s complex ethnic landscape, while there is no evidence of a
separate or foreign origin for the upper castes.Among other scientists
who reject the identification of caste (varNa) with race on
physical-anthropological grounds, we may cite Kailash C.
Malhotra:Detailed anthropometric surveys carried out among the people of
Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Bengal and Tamil Nadu revealed
significant regional differences within a caste and a closer resemblance
between castes of different varnas within a region than between
sub-populations of the caste from different regions. On the basis of
analysis of stature, cephalic and nasal index, H.K. Rakshit (1966)
concludes that the Brahmins of India are heterogeneous & suggest
incorporation of more than one physical type involving more than one
migration of people.A more detailed study among 8 Brahmin castes in
Maharashtra on whom 18 metric,16 scopic and 8 genetic markers were
studied, revealed not only a great heterogeneity in both morphological
and genetic characteristics but also showed that 3 Brahmin castes were
closer to non-Brahmin castes than [to the] other Brahmin castes. 

P.P.
Majumdar and K.C. Malhotra (1974) observed a great deal of
heterogeneity with respect to OAB blood group system among 50 Brahmin
samples spread over 11 Indian states. The evidence thus suggests that
varna is a sociological and not a homogeneous biological entity.

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