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Lesson 4633 Thu 1 Dec 2022 Hi Tech Radio Free Animation Clipart   DO GOOD PURIFY MIND in JAMBUDIPA Free Online Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Jambudipa grows Dwarf fruits 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 & vegetables 🥦 🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅🍜 🧅 🍄 🍝 🥒 🌽 🌳 🍊 🥥 🌵 🍈 🌰🫐 🍐🫒Plants 🌱in pots 🪴 To live like free birds 🦅 for Hunger on Good Earth 🌍 & SPACE along with Meditative Mindful Swimming 🏊‍♂️ Jambudipa Natyam to Attain Eternal Bliss “THE GIFT OF DHAMMA EXCELS ALL OTHER GIFTS” — The Lord ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE ONE Buddha
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Lesson 4633 Thu  1 Dec 2022

Hi Tech Radio Free Animation Clipart

 
DO GOOD PURIFY MIND in JAMBUDIPA

Free Online Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Jambudipa
grows Dwarf fruits 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 & vegetables 🥦 🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅🍜 🧅 🍄 🍝 🥒 🌽 🌳 🍊 🥥 🌵 🍈 🌰🫐 🍐🫒Plants 🌱in pots 🪴 To live like free birds 🦅 for Hunger on Good Earth 🌍 & SPACE along with Meditative Mindful Swimming 🏊‍♂️ Jambudipa Natyam to Attain Eternal Bliss

“THE GIFT OF DHAMMA EXCELS ALL OTHER GIFTS”
— The Lord ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE  ONE Buddha


BUDDHISM IN A NUTSHELL !

DO NO EVIL !

ALWAYS DO GOOD

BE MINDFUL !

- EASY FOR A 7 YEARS OLD BOY TO UNDERSTAND

BUT DIFFICULT FOR A 70 YEARS OLD MAN TO PRACTICE !



TIPITAKA is of 3 Baskets - 1) Basket of Discipline (Vinaya), 2) of Discourses (Sutta) & 3) of Ultimate Doctrine (Abhidhamma) Pitakas.

மிழில் திபி  மூன்று தொகுப்புள்TIPITAKA-ஸுத்தபிடக-Section-A சுருக்கமான வரலாற்று முன் வரலாறுup a level

Tue Aug 2 2016

Animated Buddha photo Buddha-1-1.gif
animated buddha photo: Animated Buddha buddhabk.gif
Animated Candle

மிழில் திரிபி  மூன்று தொகுப்புள்
மற்றும்
பன்னிரண்டாகவுள்ள மண்டலங்கள்
சுருக்கமான வரலாற்று முன் வரலாறு
ஸுத்தபிடக
வினயபிடகே
அபிதம்மபிடக

புத்தசமய நெறி முறைகளின் பன்னிரண்டாகவுள்ள மண்டலங்கள்
புத்தசமய நெறி முறைகளின் ஒன்பது மண்டலங்கள் 

TIPITAKA

TIPITAKA   AND   TWELVE   DIVISIONS
    Brief historical background
   Sutta Pitaka
   Vinaya Pitaka
   Abhidhamma Pitaka
     Twelve Divisions of Buddhist Canons
Nine Divisions of Buddhist Canons



திரிபிட  மற்றும் பன்னிரண்டாகவுள்ள மண்டலங்கள் புத்தரின் 45 ஆண்டுகளுக்கும் மேலாக போதிக்கப்பட்ட கோட்பாடு தொகுப்பு. அது ஸுத்த (மரபொழுங்கு சார்ந்த போதனை),வினய (ஒழுங்கு சார்ந்த விதித் தொகுப்பு) மற்றும் அபிதம்ம (விளக்கவுரைகளின்) உள்ளடக்கு. திரிபிட
இப்பொழுதுள்ள படிவத்தில் தொகுத்து மற்றும் ஒழுங்கு படுத்தியது,
சாக்கியமுனி புத்தருடன் நேரடியான தொடர்பிருந்த சீடர்களால். புத்தர் இறந்து
போனார், ஆனால் அவர், மட்டுமழுப்பின்றி மரபுரிமையாக மனித இனத்திற்கு அளித்த உன்னத தம்மம் (தருமம்) இன்னும் அதனுடைய பண்டைய தூய்மையுடன் இருக்கிறது. புத்தர்
எழுத்து மூலமாய்த் தெரிவிக்கப்பட்டுள்ள பதிவுகள் யாவும் விட்டுச்
செல்லாபோதிலும், அவருடைய மேன்மைதங்கிய கெளரவம் நிறைந்த சீடர்கள் அவற்றை 
ஞாபக சக்தியால் ஒப்புவித்து,  பேணிக்காத்து மற்றும் அவற்றை வாய்மொழியாக தலைமுறை தலைமுறையாககைமாற்றிக் கொண்டுள்ளனர்.


  
TIPITAKA   AND   TWELVE   DIVISIONS  is the collection of the teachings
of the Buddha over 45 years. It consists of Sutta (the conventional
teaching), Vinaya (Disciplinary code) and Abhidhamma (commentaries).

The Tipitaka was compiled and arranged in its present form by the
disciples who had immediate contact with Shakyamuni Buddha. 
The Buddha
had passed away, but the sublime Dhamma which he unreservedly bequeathed
to humanity still exists in its pristine purity. 
Although the Buddha
had left no written records of his teachings, his distinguished
disciples preserved them by committing to memory and transmitting them
orally from generation to generation. 


சுருக்கமான வரலாற்று முன் வரலாறு

புத்தரின் இறுதி
சடங்கிற்கப்புறம் உடனே, 500  மேன்மைதங்கிய கெளரவம் நிறைந்த அறஹதர்கள்
(அருகதையுள்ளவர்கள்) முதலாவது பெளத்த சமயத்தினர் அவை என்றழைக்கப்பட்ட
புத்தர் போதித்த போதனைகளை மறுபடிமுற்றிலும் சொல் அவை கூட்டினர்.
புத்தருடன் திடப்பற்றுடன் உடனிருந்த மற்றும் புத்தரின் முழுமை போதனையுரைகளையும் கேட்டுணரும் வாய்ப்புப் பெற்ற பிரத்தியேகமான சிறப்புரிமை வாய்ந்த பூஜிக்கத்தக்க ஆனந்தா, ஸுத்த (மரபொழுங்கு சார்ந்த போதனை) நெட்டுருப்பண்ணி ஒப்புவிவித்தார், அதே சமயம் பூஜிக்கத்தக்க உபாலி, வினய (ஒழுங்கு
சார்ந்த விதித் தொகுப்பு) ஸங்கத்திற்கான நடத்தை விதிகளை நெட்டுருப்பண்ணி
ஒப்புவிவித்தார்.முதலாவது பெளத்த சமயத்தினர் அவையின் ஒரு நூற்றாண்டுக்குப்
பின், சில சீடர்கள்  ஒரு சில சிறுபகுதி விதிகளின்  மாற்றம் தேவை என
உணர்ந்தனர். பழமையிலிருந்து நழுவாத பிக்குக்கள் மாற்றங்கள் எதுவும்
தேவையில்லை எனக் கூறினர் அதே சமயம் மற்றவர்கள் சில ஒழுங்கு சார்ந்த விதிகளை
(வினய) (ஒழுங்கு
சார்ந்த விதித் தொகுப்பு)) சிறிது மாற்றியமைக்க வலியுருத்தினர்.முடிவில்
அவருடைய அவைக்குப் பிறகு வேறான தனி வேறான புத்தமத ஞானக்கூடங்கள்
உருவாக்குதல் வளரத் தொடங்கியது.  மற்றும் இரண்டாவது அவையில் (வினய) (ஒழுங்கு
சார்ந்த விதித் தொகுப்பு)) உரியதாயிருந்த விசயம் மட்டும்  தான் விவாதம்
செய்ப்பட்டது மற்றும் தம்மா பற்றிய கருத்து மாறுபாடு அறிவிக்கப் படவில்லை.
மூன்றாம் நூற்றாண்டு அசோக சக்கரவர்த்தி காலத்தில் மூன்றாவது அவையில் ஸங்க சமூகத்தின் வேறான தனி வேறான நடத்தை விதிகளின் அபிப்பிராயங்கள் விவாதம் செய்ப்பட்டது. இந்த அவையில் வேறான தனி வேறான(வினய) (ஒழுங்கு சார்ந்த விதித் தொகுப்பு)) உரியதாயிருந்த விசயம் மட்டும்  வரையறுக்கப்பபடவில்லை ஆனால் மேலும் தம்மா தொடர்பானதாகவும் இருந்தது. அபிதம்மபிடக  இந்த அவையில் விவாதம் செய்ப்பட்டது மற்றும் சேர்த்துக் கொள்ளப்பட்டது. ஸ்ரீலங்கா (இலங்கையில்) 80ம்
நூற்றாண்டு கூடிய, நான்காம் அவை என அழைக்கப்படும் இந்த அவை
சமயப்பணியார்வமுடைய வேந்தர் வட்டகாமினி அபைய கீழுள்ள ஆதரவுடன் கூடியது. அது
இந்த காலத்தில் தான் திரிபிட ஸ்ரீலங்காவில் முதன்முறையாக எழுத்து வடிவில் புத்தசமயத்தவரது புணித பாளி மொழியில் ஈடுபடுதலானது.


     Brief historical background 


 
Immediately after the final passing away of the Buddha, 500
distinguished Arahats held a convention known as the First Buddhist
Council to rehearse the Doctrine taught by the Buddha. Venerable Ananda,
who was a faithful attendant of the Buddha and had the special
privilege of hearing all the discourses the Buddha ever uttered, recited
the Sutta, whilst the Venerable Upali recited the Vinaya, the rules of
conduct for the Sangha. 
One hundred years after the First Buddhist
Council, some disciples saw the need to change certain minor rules. The
orthodox Bhikkus said that nothing should be changed while the others
insisted on modifying some disciplinary rules (Vinaya). Finally, the
formation of different schools of Buddhism germinated after his council.
And in the Second Council, only matters pertaining to the Vinaya were
discussed and no controversy about the Dhamma was reported. 
In the 3rd
Century B.C. during the time of Emperor Asoka, the Third Council was
held to discuss the differences of opinion held by the Sangha community.
At this Council the differences were not confined to the Vinaya but
were also connected with the Dhamma. The Abhidhamma Pitaka was discussed
and included at this Council. The Council which was held in Sri Lanka
in 80 B.C. is known as the 4th Council under the patronage of the pious
King Vattagamini Abbaya. It was at this time in Sri Lanka that the
Tipitaka was first committed to writing in Pali language. 






ஸுத்தபிடக, புத்தர்

பெரும் அளவு அவரே வெவ்வேறு
சந்தர்ப்பங்களில் வழங்கிய போதனைகள்  உளதாகும். ஒரு சில
போதனைகள் அவருடைய மேன்மைதங்கிய கெளரவம் நிறைந்த சீடர்களால்ல கூட
வழங்கப்பட்டுள்ளது (எடுத்துக்காட்டு.ஸாரிபுத்தா,ஆனந்தா,மொக்கல்லனா)
அவற்றில் உள்ளடங்கியுள்ளது.  விவரமாக எடுத்துக்கூறி வெவ்வேறு
சந்தர்ப்பங்களில் மற்றும் வெவ்வேறு நபர்கள்
மனப்போகிற்குப்  பொருந்தும் பிரகாரம் நீதிபோதனைகள் விவரமாக எடுத்துக்கூறி
அதில் உள்ளடக்கியதால் அது ஒரு மருந்துக் குறிப்பு புத்தகம்  போன்றதாகும்.
முரண்பாடானது  என்பது போன்று அறிக்கைகள் இருக்கக்கூடும், ஆனால் அவைகள்
தறுவாய்க்கு ஏற்ற புத்தர் கூற்று என்பதால் தவறாகத் தீர்மானி
வேண்டியதில்லை. இந்த பிடக ஐந்து நிகாய அல்லது திரட்டுகள் பாகங்களாகப் பிரிப்பட்டுள்ளது. அதாவது:-


The
Sutta Pitaka consists mainly of discourses delivered by the Buddha
himself on various occasions. There were also a few discourses delivered
by some of his distinguished disciples (e.g. Sariputta, Ananda,
Moggallana) included in it. It is like a book of prescriptions, as the
sermons embodied therein were expounded to suit the different occasions
and the temperaments of various persons. There may be seemingly
contradictory statements, but they should not be misconstrued as they
were opportunely uttered by the Buddha to suit a particular purpose.

This Pitaka is divided into five Nikayas or collections, viz.:- 



திக்க (நீளமான) நிகாய (திரட்டுகள்)
புத்தரால் கொடுக்கப்பட்ட 34 நீளமான போதனையுரைகள் கொய்சகமாக்கப்பட்டது.


Dīgha Nikāya
[dīgha:
long] The Dīgha Nikāya gathers 34 of the longest discourses given by
the Buddha. There are various hints that many of them are late additions
to the original corpus and of questionable authenticity.


 மஜ்ஜிம (மத்திம) (நடுத்தரமான) நிகாய (திரட்டுகள்)

புத்தரால்
கொடுக்கப்பட்ட 152 மத்திம ( நடுத்தரமான நீட்சி ) பல்வேறு வகைப்பட்ட
விஷயங்கள் செயல் தொடர்பு உடன் போதனையுரைகள் கொய்சகமாக்கப்பட்டது.


Majjhima Nikāya
[majjhima:
medium] The Majjhima Nikāya gathers 152 discourses of the Buddha of
intermediate length, dealing with diverse matters.


ஸம்யுத்த (குவியல்) நிகாய (திரட்டுகள்)

குவியல்
நிகாய (திரட்டுகள்) என அழைக்கப்படும் நெறி முறைக் கட்டளை ஆணை அவற்றினுடைய
பொருளுக்கு ஏற்ப 56 பங்குவரி குவியலாக கொய்சகமாக்கப்பட்டது. அது மூவாயிரம்
விஞ்சி மிகுதியாக மாறும் தன்மையுள்ள நீளம் ஆனால் பெரும்பாலும் ஒப்பு
நோக்காக சுருக்கமான நெறி முறைக் கட்டளை ஆணை நிரம்பியது.


Saṃyutta Nikāya
[samyutta:
group] The Saṃyutta Nikāya gathers the suttas according to their
subject in 56 sub-groups called saṃyuttas. It contains more than three
thousand discourses of variable length, but generally relatively short.

  

அங்குத்தர (கூடுதல் அங்கமான) (ஆக்கக்கூறு) நிகாய (திரட்டுகள்)

இறங்குதல்
காரணி, கருத்தைக் கவர்கிற, கீழ் நோக்கி அல்லது ஏறத்தாழ தற்போதைக்கு
உதவுகிற என அழைக்கப்படும் பதினொன்று பங்குவரி, ஒவ்வொன்று
கொய்சகமாக்கப்பட்டது நெறி முறைக் கட்டளை ஆணை கணக்கிடல் ஆக்கை ஒரு
குறிப்பிட்ட கூடுதல் ஆக்கக் கூறு எதிராக அவை முன்னோடி மாதிரி இறங்குதல்
காரணி. அது ஆயிரக்கணக்கான பெரும்பாலும் சுருக்கமான நெறி முறைக் கட்டளை ஆணை
நிரம்பியது. தன்னகம் கொண்டிரு


Aṅguttara Nikāya
[aṅg:
factor | uttara: additionnal] The Aṅguttara Nikāya is subdivized in
eleven sub-groups called nipātas, each of them gathering discourses
consisting of enumerations of one additional factor versus those of the
precedent nipāta. It contains thousands of suttas which are generally
short.


குத்தக (சுருக்கமான, சிறிய) நிகாய (திரட்டுகள்)

சுருக்கமான,
சிறிய நிகாய (திரட்டுகள்) வாசகம் மற்றும் ஆலோசனை மிக்க மாதிரி தணிந்த
இரண்டு படுகைகள் : தம்மபத (ஒரு சமய சம்பந்தமான முற்றுத் தொடர் வாக்கியம் ,
மூன்று கூடைகள் நூட்கள்  ஒன்றின் பெயர் , தம்மாவின் உடற்பகுதி அல்லது
பாகம்), உதான (வார்த்தைகளால்,

மேல்நோக்கிய பேரார்வம், ஆவல் கொண்ட அல்லது
மகிழ்ச்சி கூற்று, சொற்றொடர் , உணர்ச்சிமிக்க உறுதலுணர்ச்சி, மகிழ்ச்சி
அல்லது மனத்துயரம் இரண்டனுள் ஒன்று), இதிவுத்தக ( இது குத்தகனிகாய நான்காம்
புத்தகம் பெயர்), ஸுத்த ( ஒரு சரம், இழை ,: புத்தசமயம், சவுகதநூல் ஒரு
பாகம்; ஒரு விதி, நீதி வாக்கியம் இறங்குதல் காரணி),தேரகாத-தேரிகாத(
தேராக்களுக்கு உரியதானது), மற்றும் ஒரு சரடு ஜாதக ( பிறப்பு , பிறப்பிடம் ,
ஒரு பிறப்பு அல்லது : புத்தசமயம் விவேகம் வாழ்தல் , ஒரு ஜாதக, அல்லது
புத்தரின் முந்திய பிறப்பு கதைளில் ஒன்று.)


Khuddaka Nikāya
[khuddha: short,
small] The Khuddhaka Nikāya short texts and is considered as been
composed of two stratas: Dhammapada, Udāna, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipāta,
Theragāthā-Therīgāthā and Jātaka form the ancient strata, while other
books are late additions and their authenticity is more questionable.


இந்த ஐந்தாவது பதினைந்து நூட்களாக பிரிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது:-

       The fifth is subdivided into fifteen books:- 


சுருக்கமான பாதை (சமய விரிவுரை)

        Khuddaka Patha (Shorter Texts)

தம்மபத (மெய்ம்மை பாதை)

   Dhammapada (The Way of Truth)

உதன (மனப்பூர்வமான முதுமொழி அல்லது ஓரசை நீண்ட நாலசைச்சீர்களான மகிழ்ச்சி)

     Udana (Heartfelt sayings or Paeons of Joy)

இதி உத்தக (இவ்வாறாக அல்லது அவ்வாறாக கூறிய போதனைகள்)

   Iti Vuttaka (’Thus said’ Discourses)

ஸுத்த நிபட (சேர்த்த போதனைகள்)

   Sutta Nipata (Collected Discourses)

விமான வத்து (வானியல் குடும்பங்கள் தனித்தனியாகத் தங்குதற்கேற்பப் பிரிக்கப்பட்ட பெரிய கட்டிட கதைகள்)
   Vimana Vatthu (Stories of Celestial Mansions)

பேடா வத்து (இறந்து போன,மாண்டவர் கதைகள்)
   Peta Vatthu (Stories of Petas)

தேராகாதா (சகோதரர்கள் வழிபாட்டுப் பாடல்கள்)
      Theragatha (Psalms of the Brethren)

தேரிகாதா (சகோதரிகள் வழிபாட்டுப் பாடல்கள்)
     Therigatha (Psalms of the Sisters)

    ஜாதகா (பிறப்பு கதைகள்)
Jataka (Birth Stories)

நித்தேச (விளக்கிக்காட்டுதல்)
    Niddesa (Expositions)

பதிசம்பித (பகுத்து ஆராய்கிற அறிவு)
      Patisambhida (Analytical Knowledge)

அபதான (ஞானிகள் வாழ்க்கை)
        Apadana (Lives of Saints)

புத்தவம்ஸ (புத்தரின் வரலாறு)
    Buddhavamsa (The History of Buddha)
   

சாரிய பிடக (நடத்தை முறைகள்)
 Cariya Pitaka (Modes of Conduct)


  
  Vinaya Pitaka 
The Vinaya Pitaka mainly deals with the rules and
regulations of the Order of monks (Bhikhus) and nuns (Bhikhunis). It
also gives an account of the life and ministry of the Buddha. Indirectly
it reveals some useful information about ancient history, Indian
customs, arts, sciences, etc. 
For nearly twenty years since his
enlightenment, the Buddha did not lay down rules for the control of the
Sangha. Later, as the occasion arose, the Buddha promulgated rules for
the future discipline of the Sangha. 
This Pitaka consists of the
following five books:- 


     Parajika Pali (Major Offences)
     Pacittiya Pali (Minor Offences)
    Mahavagga Pali (Greater Section)
  Cullavagga Pali (Smaller Section)
  Parivara Pali (Epitome of the Vinaya)

 
Abhidhamma Pitaka 
The Abhidhamma, is the most important and
interesting, as it contains the profound philosophy of the Buddha’s
teaching in contrast to the illuminating but simpler discourses in the
Sutta Pitaka. 
In the Sutta Pitaka one often finds references to
individual, being, etc., but in the Abhidhamma, instead of such
conventional terms, we meet with ultimate terms, such as aggregates,
mind, matter etc. 
In the Abhidhamma everything is analyzed and
explained in detail, and as such it is called analytical doctrine
(Vibhajja Vada). 
Four ultimate things (Paramattha) are enumerated in
the Abhidhamma. They are Citta (Consciousness), Cetasika (Mental
concomitants). Rupa (Matter) and Nibbana. 
The so-called being is
microscopically analyzed and its component parts are minutely described.
Finally the ultimate goal and the method to achieve it is explained
with all necessary details. 
The Abhidhamma Pitaka is composed of the
following works: 


   Dhamma-Sangani (Enumeration of Phenomena)
    Vibhanaga (The Book of the Treatises)
  Ikatha Vatthu (Point of Controversy)
  Puggala Pannatti (Description of Individuals)
   Dhatu Katha (Discussion with reference to Elements)
   Yamaka (The Book of Pairs)
    Patthana (The Book of Relations)

   
  Twelve Divisions of Buddhist Canons 
The content of Buddhist canons
is divided into twelve divisions, categorized by the types of forms of
literature (i.e., Sutta, Geyya and Gatha) and the context (i.e., all
other nine divisions). It is known as the Twelve Divisions. 


  
Sutta  - These are the short, medium, and long discourses expounded by
the Buddha on various occasions. The whole Vinaya Pitaka is also
included in this respect.

   Geyya  - i.e., the metrical pieces. These are discourses/proses mixed with Gathas or verses.

      
Gatha - i.e., verses, chants or poems. These include verses formed in
the Dharmapada, etc., and those isolated verses which are not classified
amongst the Sutta.

   Nidana - i.e., the causes and conditions of the Buddha’s teachings.

    Itivrttaka - i.e., the suttas in which the Buddhas tell of the deeds of their disciples and others in previous lives.

    Jataka - i.e., stories of the former lives of Buddhas. These are the 547 birth-stories.

  
Abbhuta-dhamma - i.e., miracles, etc. These are the few discourses that
deal with wonderful and inconceivable powers of the Buddhas.

  
Avadana - i.e., parables, metaphors. Illustrations are used to
facilitate the human beings to understand the profound meanings of the
Buddhist Dhamma.

   Upadesa - i.e.,
dogmatic treatises. The discourse and discussions by questions and
answers regarding the Buddhist doctrines. It is a synonym for Abhidhamma
Pitaka.

      Udana - i.e.,
impromptu or unsolicited addresses. The Buddha speaks voluntarily and
not in reply to questions or appeals, e.g., the Amitabha Sutta.

    
Vaipulya - i.e., interpretation by elaboration or deeper explanation of
the doctrines. It is the broad school or wider teachings, in contrast
with the “narrow” school. The term covers the whole of the specifically
Mahayana suttas. The Suttas are also known as the scriptures of
measureless meaning, i.e., infinite and universalistic.

    Veyyakarama  - i.e. prophecies, prediction by the Buddha of the future attainment of Buddhahood by his disciples.

  
Nine Divisions of Buddhist Canons 
The term is generally referred to
Hinayana. There are only nine divisions excluding Udana, Vaipulya and
Veyyakarana. 
However, there is also a Mahayana division of nine of the
Twelve Divisions, i.e., all except Nidana, Avadana and Upadesa.


Sutta Piṭaka

— The basket of discourses —
[ sutta: discourse ]
Dīgha Nikāya

DN 9 -
Poṭṭhapāda Sutta
{excerpt}


— The questions of Poṭṭhapāda —

Tree

Sutta Piṭaka


— The basket of discourses —
[ sutta: discourse ]


The Sutta Piṭaka contains the essence of the Buddha’s teaching
regarding the Dhamma. It contains more than ten thousand suttas. It is
divided in five collections called Nikāyas.




Dīgha Nikāya
[dīgha: long] The Dīgha Nikāya gathers 34 of the longest
discourses given by the Buddha. There are various hints that many of
them are late additions to the original corpus and of questionable
authenticity.

Majjhima Nikāya
[majjhima: medium] The Majjhima Nikāya gathers 152 discourses of the Buddha of intermediate length, dealing with diverse matters.

Saṃyutta Nikāya
[samyutta: group] The Saṃyutta Nikāya gathers the suttas
according to their subject in 56 sub-groups called saṃyuttas. It
contains more than three thousand discourses of variable length, but
generally relatively short.

Aṅguttara Nikāya
[aṅg: factor | uttara: additionnal] The Aṅguttara
Nikāya is subdivized in eleven sub-groups called nipātas, each of them
gathering discourses consisting of enumerations of one additional factor
versus those of the precedent nipāta. It contains thousands of suttas
which are generally short.

Khuddaka Nikāya
[khuddha: short, small] The Khuddhaka Nikāya short texts
and is considered as been composed of two stratas: Dhammapada, Udāna,
Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipāta, Theragāthā-Therīgāthā and Jātaka form the
ancient strata, while other books are late additions and their
authenticity is more questionable.



Tree

>> ஸுத்தபிடக-திக்க நிகாய Sutta Piṭaka >> Digha Nikāya



DN 9 -

பொத்தபாத ஸுத்த
Poṭṭhapāda Sutta

{excerpt}
பொத்தபாதாவின் கேள்விகள்


— The questions of Poṭṭhapāda —



பொத்தபாதா
புலனுணர்வு,விழிப்புணர்வுநிலை,மனத்தின் அறிவுத்திறம், சிந்தனா சக்தி,
ஆகியவற்றின் இயற்கை ஆற்றல் குறித்து பல்வேறு வகைப்பட்ட கேள்விகள்
வினவுகிறார்.

Poṭṭhapāda asks various questions reagrding the nature of Saññā.

தமிழ்


இப்பொழுது,
பந்த்தே, எது முதலாவது எழும்புவது புலனுணர்வா, அடுத்து ஞானமா? அல்லது
ஞானம் முதலாவது மற்றும் புலனுணர்வு அடுத்ததா? அல்லது ஒரே நேரத்தில்
புலனுணர்வும் ஞானமும் எழும்புகிறதா?


பொத்தபாதா,முதலாவது
புலனுணர்வும் பின்னால் ஞானம் எழும்புகிறது. மற்றும் புலனுணர்வு
எழும்புகிறபோது ஞானம் எழும்புகிறது. ஒரு பிரித்தறியும் நிலை சார்ந்துள்ள
என்னுடைய இந்த ஞானம் எழும்பியது. இவ்வழியான வரம்பின் காரண ஆய்வால் ஒருவர்
எப்படி முதலாவது புலனுணர்வு எழும்புகிறது மற்றும் ஞானம் அடுத்து என்று உணர
முடியும் மற்றும் எவ்வாறு புலனுணர்வு எழும்பியதால், ஞானம் எழும்பிமயது
என்றும்.

பாளி

ஸங்யா நு கொ பந்தே பதமம் உப்பஜ்ஜத்தி பச்சா ஞானம்? உதஹு ஞானம்
பதமம் உப்பஜ்ஜத்தி பச்சா ஸங்யா? உதஹு ஸங்யா ச ஞானச அனுப்பம் ஆசரிமம்
உப்பஜ்ஜன்தி?’தி.


ஸங்யா நு கொ பொத்தபாதா
பதமம் உப்பஜ்ஜத்தி பச்சா ஞானம். ஸங்யுபாத ச பன ஞானுப்பாதொ ஹோதி. ஸோ
ஏவங் பஜானாதி: இதப்பச்சயா ச ஞானம் உதபாடிதி. இமினா கொ ஏதங் பொத்தபாதா
பரிவாவென வெதித்தப்பம். யதா ஸங்யா பதமம் உப்பஜ்ஜத்தி பச்சா ஞானம். ஸங்யுபாத
ச பன ஞானுப்பாதொ ஹோதி’தி.

English

Now, lord, does perception arise first, and knowledge after; or does
knowledge arise first, and perception after; or do perception &
knowledge arise simultaneously?


Potthapada,
perception arises first, and knowledge after. And the
arising of knowledge comes from the arising of perception. One discerns,
‘It’s in dependence on this that my knowledge has arisen.’ Through this
line of reasoning one can realize how perception arises first, and
knowledge after, and how the arising of knowledge comes from the arising
of
perception.——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————


up a level
Tree
>>ஸுத்தபிடக-திக்க நிகாய Sutta Piṭaka >> Digha Nikāya

DN 16 - (D ii 137)

மஹாபரினிப்பண ஸுத்த (அபார வீடுபேற்றுநிலை குறிக்கோள் எய்தல்)

- இறுதி நெறிமுறைக் கட்டளைத்தொகுதி -

இந்த
ஸுத்த (சூத்திரத்தொகுதி )  புத்தர் அவரை பின்பற்றுபவர்கள் பொருட்டு
பற்பலவிதமான கொய்சகமாக்கப்பட்ட மிக முக்கியமான நெறிமுறைக் கட்டளைத்தொகுதி
குழுமத்தை  முன்னேற்றமுற்ற இக்காற்கு நமக்கு கொடுத்திறுக்கிறார், 

தமிழ்

(தம்மாவின் உருப்பளிங்கு)

நான்
Dhammādāsa (தம்மாவின் உருப்பளிங்கு) என  கருதப்படும் தம்மாவை
வியாக்கியானம் பண்ண பிரசங்கம் செய்ய விரும்புகிரேன்,ariyasāvaka (புனிதமான
சீடர்)ஆக ஆட்கொண்டு, ஒருவேளை அவர் தானே  விரும்பி உறுதியாக்கிக் கொண்டால்:
‘ஆக
எனக்கு, மேலும் niraya (நரகம்) இல்லை,  மேலும்
tiracchāna-yoni ( மிருகம சாம்ராஜ்யம்) இல்லை,இன்னும் மேலும் pettivisaya
(ஆவிகள் சாம்ராஜ்யம்) இல்லை,  மேலும்
பாக்கியவீனம், துரதிருஷ்டம், துக்க நிலை இல்லை, நான் sotāpanna (புனல்
பிரவேசி), இயற்கையாக துக்க நிலையில் இருந்து விடுவிக்கப்பட்டவன், sambodhi
(முழுக்க தூக்கத்திலிருந்து விழிப்பு) ஆக சேர இருத்தல் உறுதி.

மற்றும்
என்ன, Ānanda (ஆனந்தா), தம்மா மீதான அந்த பிரசங்கம் Dhammādāsa (தம்மாவின்
உருப்பளிங்கு) என  கருதப்படும் தம்மாவை வியாக்கியானம் பண்ண பிரசங்கம் செய்ய
விரும்புகிரேன், ariyasāvaka (புனிதமான சீடர்) ஆக ஆட்கொண்டு, ஒருவேளை அவர்
தானே  விரும்பி உறுதியாக்கிக் கொண்டால்:
‘ஆக எனக்கு,  மேலும்
niraya (நரகம்) இல்லை, மேலும் tiracchāna-yoni ( மிருகம
சாம்ராஜ்யம்) இல்லை,  மேலும் pettivisaya (ஆவிகள் சாம்ராஜ்யம்)
இல்லை, மேலும் பாக்கியவீனம், துரதிருஷ்டம், துக்க நிலை இல்லை, நான்
sotāpanna (புனல் பிரவேசி), இயற்கையாக துக்க நிலையில் இருந்து
விடுவிக்கப்பட்டவன், sambodhi (முழுக்க தூக்கத்திலிருந்து விழிப்பு) ஆக சேர
இருத்தல் உறுதி தானே?

இங்கு,ஆனந்தா,புனிதமான சீடர் Buddhe aveccappasāda  (புத்தர் இடத்தில் தன்னம்பிக்கை)உடைய வராக குணிக்கப் படுகிரார்.


பாளி
தம்மாதாஸ

தம்மாதாஸங்
நாம தம்மா-பரியாயங், யேன ஸம்மன்னாகதொ ஆரியஸாவகொ ஆகன்கமானொ  அட்டணாவ
அட்டாணங் ப்யா - கரெய்ய: கின-நிரயோ-மி கின-திர்ச்சான-வொனி
கின-பெட்டிவிசவொ கின் அப்பாவ-துக்கதி-வினிபாதொ, ஸோதாப்பன்னொ - ஹமஸ்மி
அவினிபாதொ-தம்மொ நியதொ ஸம்போதி பரயனொ’தி.

கதமொ ச ஸொ, ஆனந்தா,
தம்மாதாஸொ தம்மா-பரியாயவொ, யேன ஸம்மன்னாகதொ ஆரியஸாவகொ ஆகன்கமானொ 
அட்டணாவ அட்டாணங் ப்யா - கரெய்ய: கின-நிரயோ-மி கின-திர்ச்சான-வொனி
கின-பெட்டிவிசவொ கின் அப்பாவ-துக்கதி-வினிபாதொ, ஸோதாப்பன்னொ - ஹமஸ்மி
அவினிபாதொ-தம்மொ நியதொ ஸம்போதி பரயனொ’தி?

இத்’ஆனந்தா, ஆரியஸாவகொ புத்தே அவெச்சப்பஸாத ஸம்மன்னாகதொ ஹோதி

Idhānanda, ariyasāvako Buddhe aveccappasāda samannāgato hoti




English


Mahāparinibbāna Sutta
{excerpts}
— The last instructions —
[mahā-parinibbāna]

(The Mirror of the Dhamma)

This
sutta gathers various instructions the Buddha gave for the sake of his
followers after his passing away, which makes it be a very important set
of instructions for us nowadays.

I will expound the
discourse on the Dhamma which is called Dhammādāsa, possessed of which
the ariyasāvaka, if he so desires, can declare of himself: ‘For me,
there is no more niraya, no more tiracchāna-yoni, no more pettivisaya,
no more state of unhappiness, of misfortune, of misery, I am a
sotāpanna, by nature free from states of misery, certain of being
destined to sambodhi.

And
what, Ānanda, is that discourse on the Dhamma which is called
Dhammādāsa, possessed of which the ariyasāvaka, if he so desires, can
declare of himself: ‘For me, there is no more niraya, no more
tiracchāna-yoni, no more pettivisaya, no more state of unhappiness, of
misfortune, of misery, I am a sotāpanna, by nature free from states of
misery, certain of being destined to sambodhi?

Here, Ānanda, an ariyasāvaka is endowed with Buddhe aveccappasāda:











DN 22 - (D ii 290)

Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta


— Attendance on awareness —
[ mahā+satipaṭṭhāna ]


This sutta is widely considered as a the main reference for meditation practice.




Note:
infobubbles on all Pali words


Pāḷi



Uddesa

I. Kāyānupassanā

   A. Ānāpāna Pabba
   B. Iriyāpatha Pabba
   C. Sampajāna Pabba
   D. Paṭikūlamanasikāra Pabba
   E. Dhātumanasikāra Pabba
   F. Navasivathika Pabba

II. Vedanānupassanā



English



Introduction

I. Observation of Kāya

   A. Section on ānāpāna
   B. Section on postures
   C. Section on sampajañña
   D. Section on repulsiveness
   E. Section on the Elements
   F. Section on the nine charnel grounds

II. Observation of Vedanā




Uddesa


Evaṃ me sutaṃ:

Introduction



Thus have I heard:

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṃ nāma kurūnaṃ nigamo. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi:


On one occasion, the Bhagavā was staying among the Kurus at Kammāsadhamma, a market town of the Kurus. There, he addressed the bhikkhus:


Bhikkhavo ti.

Bhaddante ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etad-avoca:


– Bhikkhus.

– Bhaddante answered the bhikkhus. The Bhagavā said:


Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā, soka-paridevānaṃ samatikkamāya, dukkha-domanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya, ñāyassa adhigamāya, nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.

This, bhikkhus, is the path that leads to nothing but the purification
of beings, the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, the disappearance
of dukkha-domanassa, the attainment of the right way, the realization of Nibbāna, that is to say the four satipaṭṭhānas.

Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ. Vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ. Citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ. Dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ.


Which four? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing vedanā in vedanā, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing citta in citta, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing dhamma·s in dhamma·s, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world.


I. Kāyānupassanā

A. Ānāpāna Pabba


Katha·ñ·ca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arañña-gato rukkha-mūla-gato suññāgāra-gato nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So satova assasati, satova passasati. Dīghaṃ assasantodīghaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti; dīghaṃ passasantodīghaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti; rassaṃ assasantorassaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti; rassaṃ passasantorassaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti;

sabba-kāya-paṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati; ‘sabba-kāya-paṭisaṃvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṃ kāya-saṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṃ kāya-saṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati.


I. Kāyānupassanā

A. Section on ānāpāna



And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell observing kāya in kāya? Here, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, having gone to the forest or having gone at the root of a tree
or having gone to an empty room, sits down folding the legs crosswise,
setting kāya upright, and setting sati parimukhaṃ.
Being
thus sato he breathes in, being thus sato he breathes out. Breathing in
long he understands: ‘I am breathing in long’; breathing out long he
understands: ‘I am breathing out long’; breathing in short he
understands: ‘I am breathing in short’; breathing out short he
understands: ‘I am breathing out short’;
he
trains himself: ‘feeling the whole kāya, I will breathe in’; he trains
himself: ‘feeling the whole kāya, I will breathe out’; he trains
himself: ‘calming down the kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe in’; he trains
himself: ‘calming down the kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe out’.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho bhamakāro bhamakār·antevāsī dīghaṃ añchantodīghaṃ añchāmīti pajānāti; rassaṃ añchantorassaṃ añchāmīti pajānāti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dīghaṃ assasantodīghaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti; dīghaṃ passasantodīghaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti; rassaṃ assasantorassaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti; rassaṃ passasantorassaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti;

sabba-kāya-paṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati; ‘sabba-kāya-paṭisaṃvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṃ kāya-saṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṃ kāya-saṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati.


Just as, bhikkhus, a skillful turner or a turner’s apprentice, making a
long turn, understands: ‘I am making a long turn’; making a short turn,
he understands: ‘I am making a short turn’; in the same way, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, breathing in long, understands: ‘I am breathing in long’;
breathing out long he understands: ‘I am breathing out long’; breathing
in short he understands: ‘I am breathing in short’; breathing out short
he understands: ‘I am breathing out short’;
he
trains himself: ‘feeling the whole kāya, I will breathe in’; he trains
himself: ‘feeling the whole kāya, I will breathe out’; he trains
himself: ‘calming down the kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe in’; he trains
himself: ‘calming down the kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe out’.

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

B. Iriyāpatha Pabba


Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gacchanto gacchāmīti pajānāti, ṭhito ṭhitomhīti pajānāti, nisinno nisinnomhīti pajānāti, sayāno sayānomhīti pajānāti. Yathā yathā pan·assa kāyo paṇihito hoti, tathā tathā naṃ pajānāti.

B. Section on postures



Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, while walking, understands: ‘I am
walking’, or while standing he understands: ‘I am standing’, or while
sitting he understands: ‘I am sitting’, or while lying down he
understands: ‘I am lying down’. Or else, in whichever position his kāya is disposed, he understands it accordingly.

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

C. Sampajāna Pabba


Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭi-patta-cīvara-dhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccāra-passāva-kamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.

C. Section on sampajañña



Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, while approaching and while departing,
acts with sampajañña, while looking ahead and while looking around, he
acts with sampajañña, while bending and while stretching, he acts with
sampajañña, while wearing the robes and the upper robe and while
carrying the bowl, he acts with sampajañña, while eating, while
drinking, while chewing, while tasting, he acts with sampajañña, while
attending to the business of defecating and urinating, he acts with
sampajañña, while walking, while standing, while sitting, while
sleeping, while being awake, while talking and while being silent, he
acts with sampajañña.

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

D. Paṭikūlamanasikāra Pabba


Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ, uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesa·matthakā, taca·pariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṃti.

D. Section on Repulsiveness



Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu considers this very body, from the
soles of the feet up and from the hair on the head down, which is
delimited by its skin and full of various kinds of impurities: “In this kāya,
there are the hairs of the head, hairs of the body, nails, teeth, skin,
flesh, tendons, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura,
spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach with its contents, feces,
bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, nasal
mucus, synovial fluid and urine.”

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ubhatomukhā putoḷi pūrā nānāvihitassa dhaññassa, seyyathidaṃ sālīnaṃ vīhīnaṃ muggānaṃ māsānaṃ tilānaṃ taṇḍulānaṃ.
Tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso muñcitvā paccavekkheyya: ‘Ime sālī ime vīhī, ime muggā, ime māsā, ime tilā, ime taṇḍulāti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ, uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesa·matthakā, taca·pariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṃti.


Just as if, bhikkhus, there was a bag having two openings and filled
with various kinds of grain, such as hill-paddy, paddy, mung beans,
cow-peas, sesame seeds and husked rice. A man with good eyesight, having
unfastened it, would consider [its contents]: “This is hill-paddy, this
is paddy, those are mung beans, those are cow-peas, those are sesame
seeds and this is husked rice;” in the same way, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu
considers this very body, from the soles of the feet up and from the
hair on the head down, which is delimited by its skin and full of
various kinds of impurities: “In this kāya,
there are the hairs of the head, hairs of the body, nails, teeth, skin,
flesh, tendons, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura,
spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach with its contents, feces,
bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, nasal
mucus, synovial fluid and urine.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

E. Dhātumanasikāra Pabba


Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ yathā·ṭhitaṃ yathā·paṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavī·dhātu āpo·dhātū tejo·dhātū vāyo·dhātūti.

E. Section on the Elements



Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reflects on this very kāya, however it is placed, however it is disposed: “In this kāya, there is the earth element, the water element, the fire element and the air element.”

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako goghātak·antevāsī gāviṃ vadhitvā catu·mahā·pathe bilaso vibhajitvā nisinno assa; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ yathā·ṭhitaṃ yathā·paṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavī·dhātu āpo·dhātū tejo·dhātū vāyo·dhātūti.


Just as, bhikkhus, a skillful butcher or a butcher’s apprentice, having
killed a cow, would sit at a crossroads cutting it into pieces; in the
same way, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reflects on this very kāya, however it is placed, however it is disposed: “In this kāya, there is the earth element, the water element, the fire element and the air element.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

F. Navasivathika Pabba

(1)

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ ekāha·mataṃ dvīha·mataṃ tīha·mataṃ uddhumātakaṃ vinīlakaṃ vipubbaka·jātaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atītoti.

F. Section on the nine charnel grounds

(1)


Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body,
cast away in a charnel ground, one day dead, or two days dead or three
days dead, swollen, bluish and festering, he considers this very kāya: “This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(2)

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ kākehi khajjamānaṃ kulalehi khajjamānaṃ gijjhehi khajjamānaṃ kaṅkehi khajjamānaṃ sunakhehi khajjamānaṃ byagghehi khajjamānaṃ dīpīhi khajjamānaṃ siṅgālehi khajjamānaṃ vividhehi pāṇaka·jātehi khajjamānaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atītoti.

(2)


Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body,
cast away in a charnel ground, being eaten by crows, being eaten by
hawks, being eaten by vultures, being eaten by herons, being eaten by
dogs, being eaten by tigers, being eaten by panthers, being eaten by
various kinds of beings, he considers this very kāya: “This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(3)

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhika·saṅkhalikaṃ sa·maṃsa·lohitaṃ nhāru·sambandhaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atītoti.

(3)


Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body,
cast away in a charnel ground, a squeleton with flesh and blood, held
together by tendons, he considers this very kāya: “This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(4)

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhika·saṅkhalikaṃ ni·maṃsa·lohita·makkhitaṃ nhāru·sambandhaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atītoti.

(4)


Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body,
cast away in a charnel ground, a squeleton without flesh and smeared
with blood, held together by tendons, he considers this very kāya: “This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(5)

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhika·saṅkhalikaṃ apagata·maṃsa·lohitaṃ nhāru·sambandhaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atītoti.

(5)


Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body,
cast away in a charnel ground, a squeleton without flesh nor blood, held
together by tendons, he considers this very kāya: “This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(6)

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni apagata·sambandhāni disā vidisā vikkhittāni, aññena hatth·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena pād·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena gopphak·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena jaṅgh·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena ūru·ṭṭhikaṃ aññena kaṭi·ṭṭhikaṃ aññena phāsuk·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena piṭṭh·iṭṭhikaṃ aññena khandh·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena gīv·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena hanuk·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena dant·aṭṭhikaṃ aññena sīsakaṭāhaṃ, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atītoti.

(6)


Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body,
cast away in a charnel ground, disconnected bones scattered here and
there, here a hand bone, there a foot bone, here an ankle bone, there a
shin bone, here a thigh bone, there a hip bone, here a rib, there a back
bone, here a spine bone, there a neck bone, here a jaw bone, there a
tooth bone, or there the skull, he considers this very kāya: “This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(7)

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni setāni saṅkha·vaṇṇa·paṭibhāgāni, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atītoti.

(7)


Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body,
cast away in a charnel ground, the bones whitened like a seashell, he
considers this very kāya: “This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(8)

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni puñja·kitāni terovassikāni, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atītoti.

(8)


Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body,
cast away in a charnel ground, heaped up bones over a year old, he
considers this very kāya: “This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

(9)

Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni pūtīni cuṇṇaka·jātāni, so imam·eva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: ‘ayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃ·dhammo evaṃ·bhāvī evaṃ·an·atītoti.

(9)


Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, just as if he was seeing a dead body,
cast away in a charnel ground, rotten bones reduced to powder, he
considers this very kāya: “This kāya also is of such a nature, it is going to become like this, and is not free from such a condition.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.


II. Vedanānupassanā


Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati?


II. Observation of Vedanā



And how now, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu dwell observing vedanā in vedanā?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamānosukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti; dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamānodukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti; a·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamānoa·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti. Sāmisaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamānosāmisaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamānonirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti. Sāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamānosāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamānonirāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti. Sāmisaṃ a·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamānosāmisaṃ a·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ a·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamānonirāmisaṃ a·dukkham-a·sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmīti pajānāti.


Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, experiencing a sukha vedanā, undersands: “I am experiencing a sukha vedanā“; experiencing a dukkha vedanā, undersands: “I am experiencing a dukkha vedanā“; experiencing an adukkham-asukhā vedanā, undersands: “I am experiencing a adukkham-asukhā vedanā“; experiencing a sukha vedanā sāmisa, undersands: “I am experiencing a sukha vedanā sāmisa“; experiencing a sukha vedanā nirāmisa, undersands: “I am experiencing a sukha vedanā nirāmisa“; experiencing a dukkha vedanā sāmisa, undersands: “I am experiencing a dukkha vedanā sāmisa“; experiencing a dukkha vedanā nirāmisa, undersands: “I am experiencing a dukkha vedanā nirāmisa“; experiencing an adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa, undersands: “I am experiencing a adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa“; experiencing an adukkham-asukhā vedanā nirāmisa, undersands: “I am experiencing a adukkham-asukhā vedanā nirāmisa“.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī vedanāsu viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vedanāsu viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī vedanāsu viharati; ‘atthi vedanāti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing vedanā in vedanā internally, or he dwells observing vedanā in vedanā externally, or he dwells observing vedanā in vedanā internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in vedanā, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in vedanā, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in vedanā; or else, [realizing:] “this is vedanā!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing vedanā in vedanā.

Bodhi leaf





Note


1. ‘atthi kāyo’ ti vā pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya:
this is probably the trickiest part of the sutta. It is very important
because it will be repeated over 20 times, and also because it is the
central part explaining how sati is actually made present. Here are a
few alternate renderings:

VRI: “Now his awareness is established: “This
is body!” Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there
is mere understanding along with mere awareness.”

Bhante Analayo: “Or else mindfulness that ‘There is a body’ is established in him to the extent of bare knowledge and remembrance of it”

Thanissaro Bhikkhu: “Or his mindfulness that ‘There is a body’ is maintained to the extent of knowledge & remembrance”

Bhikkhu Nanamoli & Bhikkhu Bodhi: “Or
else mindfulness that ‘there is a body’ is simply established in him to
the extent necessary for bare knowledge and mindfulness.”

Nyanasatta Thera: “Or his mindfulness is
established with the thought: “The body exists,” to the extent necessary
just for knowledge and mindfulness.”

Soma Thera: “Or indeed his mindfulness is
established with the thought: ‘The body exists,’ to the extent necessary
just for knowledge and remembrance”

Maurice Walshe: “Or else, mindfulness that “there is a body” is present to him just to the extent necessary for the knowledge and awareness.”



Translation suggested by the webmaster,
with the support of Thanissaro Bhikkhu’s translation.

———oOo———
Published as a gift of Dhamma, to be distributed free of charge.
Any copies or derivatives of this work must cite their original source.




‘Itipi
so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū
anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ ti.

 Dhamme aveccappasāda:(தம்மா இடத்தில் தன்னம்பிக்கை)உடைய வரா குணிக்கப் படுகிரார்.

Dhamme aveccappasāda samannāgato hoti:


He is endowed with Dhamme aveccappasāda:


‘Svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’ ti.

Saṅghe aveccappasāda samannāgato hoti:


He is endowed with Saṅghe aveccappasāda:

Saṅghe aveccappasāda (சான்றோர் இடத்தில் தன்னம்பிக்கை)உடைய வரா குணிக்கப் படுகிரார்.


‘Suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, ujuppaṭipanno bhagavato
sāvakasaṅgho, ñāyappaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, sāmīcippaṭipanno
bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā,
esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo
añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassā’ ti.

Ariya-kantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti


He is endowed with a sīla which is agreeable to the ariyas,

புனிதமானவர்கள் ஏற்றுக்கொள்ளத்தக்க சீலராக குணிக்கப் படுகிரார்.


akhaṇḍehi acchiddehi asabalehi akammāsehi bhujissehi viññūpasatthehi aparāmaṭṭhehi samādhisaṃvattanikehi.

Ayaṃ kho so, Ānanda, dhammādāso dhamma-pariyāyo, yena samannāgato ariyasāvako ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byā-kareyya:khīṇa-nirayo-mhi khīṇa-tiracchāna-yoni khīṇa-pettivisayo khīṇāpāya-duggati-vinipāto, sotāpanno-hamasmi avinipāta-dhammo niyato sambodhi-parāyaṇoti



This, Ānanda, is the discourse on the Dhamma which is called Dhammādāsa, possessed of which the ariyasāvaka, if he so desires, can declare of himself: ‘For me, there is no more niraya, no more tiracchāna-yoni, no more pettivisaya, no more state of unhappiness, of misfortune, of misery, I am a sotāpanna, by nature free from states of misery, certain of being destined to sambodhi

இது, Ānanda (ஆனந்தா),தம்மா மீது ஆன அந்த பிரசங்கம் Dhammādāsa (தம்மாவின்
உருப்பளிங்கு) என  கருதப்படும் தம்மாவை வியாக்கியானம் பண்ண பிரசங்கம் செய்ய
விரும்புகிரேன்,ariyasāvaka (புனிதமான சீடர்)ஆக ஆட்கொண்டு,ஒருவேளை அவர்
தானே  விரும்பி உறுதியாக்கிக் கொண்டால்:
‘ஆக எனக்கு, இன்னும் மேலும்
niraya (நரகம்) இல்லை,இன்னும் மேலும் tiracchāna-yoni ( மிருகம
சாம்ராஜ்யம்) இல்லை,இன்னும் மேலும் pettivisaya (ஆவிகள் சாம்ராஜ்யம்)
இல்லை,இன்னும் மேலும் பாக்கியவீனம்,துரதிருஷ்டம்,துக்கம், நிலை இல்லை, நான்
sotāpanna (புனல் பிரவேசி), இயற்கையாக துக்க நிலையில் இருந்து
விடுவிக்கப்பட்டவன்,sambodhi (முழுக்க தூக்கத்திலிருந்து விழிப்பு) ஆக சேர
இருத்தல் உறுதி.



Sato, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vihareyya sampajāno. Ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanī.

Sato should you remain, bhikkhus, and sampajānos. This is our intruction to you. 

Sato(கவனமான)
நீர் இருக்க வேண்டும்,bhikkhus (பிக்குக்கள்),மேலும் sampajānos(மாறா
இயல்பு அநித்தியத்தை பகுத்தறிதல்).இது தான் உமக்கு
எங்களுடைய போதனை.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sato hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu


And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu sato? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu

மற்றும் எப்படி,பிக்குக்கள், பிக்கு sato (கவனமான) இருக்கிரார்? இங்கு,பிக்குக்கள், ஒரு பிக்கு


kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ; vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ; citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ; dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhā-domanassaṃ.


Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sato hoti. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sampajāno hoti? Idha, bhikkhave,


Thus, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu sato. And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu sampajāno? Here, bhikkhus,

இப்படி,பிக்குக்கள்,பிக்கு
sato (கவனமான) இருக்கிரார்.மற்றும் எப்படி,பிக்குக்கள், பிக்கு
sampajānos(மாறா இயல்பு அநித்தியத்தை பகுத்தறிதல்)ஆகிரார்?
இங்கு,பிக்குக்கள்,


bhikkhu
abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite
sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti,
saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite
sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite
nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.


Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sampajāno hoti. Sato, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vihareyya sampajāno. Ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanī ti.


Thus, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu sampajāno. Sato should you remain, bhikkhus, and sampajānos. This is our intruction to you. 

இப்படி,பிக்குக்கள்,பிக்கு
sampajānos(மாறா இயல்பு அநித்தியத்தை பகுத்தறிதல்)ஆகிரார்,Sato(கவனமான)
நீர் இருக்க வேண்டும்,பிக்குக்கள்,மற்றும்sampajānos(மாறா இயல்பு
அநித்தியத்தை பகுத்தறிதல்),இது தான் உமக்கு
எங்களுடைய போதனை.




– Sabbaphāliphullā kho, Ānanda, yamakasālā akālapupphehi. Te
tathāgatassa sarīraṃ okiranti ajjhokiranti abhippakiranti tathāgatassa pūjāya.
Dibbānipi mandāravapupphāni antalikkhā papatanti, tāni tathāgatassa
sarīraṃ okiranti ajjhokiranti abhippakiranti tathāgatassa pūjāya.
Dibbānipi candanacuṇṇāni antalikkhā papatanti, tāni tathāgatassa sarīraṃ
okiranti ajjhokiranti abhippakiranti tathāgatassa pūjāya. Dibbānipi
tūriyāni antalikkhe vajjanti tathāgatassa pūjāya. Dibbānipi saṅgītāni
antalikkhe vattanti tathāgatassa pūjāya.


– Ananda, the twin sala trees are in full bloom, though it is not the
season of flowering. And the blossoms rain upon the body of the
Tathagata and drop and scatter and are strewn upon it in worship of
the Tathagata. And celestial coral flowers and heavenly sandalwood
powder from the sky rain down upon the body of the Tathagata, and drop
and scatter and are strewn upon it in worship of the Tathagata. And the
sound of heavenly voices and heavenly instruments makes music in the air
out of reverence for the Tathagata.

-ஆனந்தா,பூவா
பருவகாலமாக இருந்த போதிலும், இரட்டை sala (சாலா) மரங்கள் முழு மலர்ச்சி
அடைந்து இருக்கிறது. மற்றும் Tathagata (குறைபாடற்றவரை) வழிபாடு செய்தல்
போல் Tathagata(குறைபாடற்றவர்) உடல் மேலே பூமழை பொழிந்து, துளி சிதற,
இரத்தினப்பிரபையாகியது. மற்றும் தேவலோக பவழமலர்கள் மற்றும் சுவர்க்கத்தைச்
சேர்ந்த சந்தன மரத் தூள் வானத்தில் இருந்து மழை கீழ் நோக்கி Tathagata
(குறைபாடற்றவர்) உடல் மேலே பொழிந்து, மற்றும் Tathagata (குறைபாடற்றவரை)
வழிபாடு செய்தல் போல் Tathagata(குறைபாடற்றவர்) உடல் மேலே பூமழை பொழிந்தது.
மற்றும் Tathagata(குறைபாடற்றவர்) போற்றுதலைக் காட்டுஞ் சமிக்கையால்
சுவர்க்கத்தைச் சேர்ந்த குரல் ஒலி மற்றும் இசைகருவிகள் காற்றுவெளியில்
வெளிப்படுத்தியது.

Na kho, Ānanda, ettāvatā Tathāgato sakkato hoti garukato mānito pūjito apacito . Yo kho, Ānanda, bhikkhu bhikkhunī upāsako upāsikā dhammānudhammappaṭipanno viharati sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī, so Tathāgataṃ sakkaroti garuṃ karoti māneti pūjeti apaciyati, paramāya pūjāya. Tasmātihānanda, dhammānudhammappaṭipannā viharissāma sāmīcippaṭipannā anudhammacārinoti. Evañhi vo, Ānanda, sikkhitabba nti.



It is not by this, Ānanda, that the Tathāgata is respected, venerated,
esteemed, paid homage and honored. But, Ananda, any bhikkhu or
bhikkhuni, layman or laywoman, remaining dhamm’ānudhamma’p'paṭipanna, sāmīci’p'paṭipanna,
living in accordance with the Dhamma, that one respects, venerates,
esteems, pays homage, and honors the Tathāgata with the most excellent
homage. Therefore, Ānanda, you should train yourselves thus: ‘We will
remain dhamm’ānudhamma’p'paṭipanna, sāmīci’p'paṭipanna, living in accordance with the Dhamma’.


இதனால் மட்டும் அல்ல, ஆனந்தா,Tathagata (குறைபாடற்றவரை) உபசரித்தது,
மரியாதை செலுத்தியது, நன்குமதிக்கப் பட்டது, மனந்திறந்த புகழுரைத்தது,
கெளரவம் செலுத்தியது. ஆனால், ஆனந்த, எந்த ஒரு பிக்குவோ அல்லது பிக்குனியோ,
உபாசகன் அல்லது உபாசகி, dhamm’ānudhamma’p'paṭipanna, sāmīci’p'paṭipanna,
தம்மாவிற்கு பொருந்துமாறு பயிற்சிக்கிராரோ அவர் Tathagata (குறைபாடற்றவரை)
உபசரித்தது, மரியாதை செலுத்தி, நன்குமதித்து, மனந்திறந்த புகழுரைத்தது,
கெளரவம் செலுத்தி. மிக உயர்ந்த அளவு நேர்த்திவாய்ந்த மனந்திறந்த
புகழுரையாற்றுவர். இதுக்காக, ஆனந்தா, நீங்கள், நீங்களாகவே பயிற்சித்தல்
இதுதான்: நாங்கள் dhamm’ānudhamma’p'paṭipanna, sāmīci’p'paṭipanna,
தம்மாவிற்கு பொருந்துமாறு வாழ்க்கை முறையில் தொடர்ந்திருப்போம்.






– ‘Siyā kho panānanda, tumhākaṃ evamassa:atīta-satthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ, natthi no satthāti. Na kho panetaṃ, Ānanda, evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Yo vo, Ānanda, mayā Dhammo ca Vinayo ca desito paññatto, so vo mamaccayena satthā.


– ‘To some of you, Ānanda, it may occur thus: ‘The words of the Teacher
have ended, there is no longer a Teacher’. But this, Ānanda, should not,
be so considered. That, Ānanda, which I have taught and made known to
you as the Dhamma and the Vinaya, that will be your Teacher after my passing away.


உங்கள் சிலர்ருக்கு, ஆனந்தா,இவ்வாறு  நேரிடக் கூடும்:
கற்பிப்பவர்
வார்த்தைகள் தீர்ந்து விட்டது,  இனி கற்பிப்பவர் இல்லை. ஆனால் இது,
ஆனந்தா, அவ்வாறு ஆலோசனை பண்ணப்படாது. அது, ஆனந்தா,எவை நான் பாடம் படிப்பிது
மற்றும் உங்களை அறிந்திருக்க செய்துமுடித்த  Dhamma and Vinaya (தம்மாவும்
வினயாவும்) அது என்னுடைய இறப்புக்கு அப்பால் உங்களுடைய கற்பிப்பவராக
இருக்கும்.





>>ஸுத்தபிடக-திக்க நிகாய Sutta Piṭaka >> Digha Nikāya


போதிசத்தா மேன்மை பொருந்திய நேர்த்தி வாய்ந்த மனிதர் ஸுத்த நீதி வாக்கியம்
-
விழிப்புணர்வு மேல்
ஆஜரா கிருத்தல் -
( மஹா+ ஸதிபத்தான)

Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta



— Attendance on awareness —
[ mahā+satipaṭṭhāna ]

Buddha anigif3.gif



இந்த ஸுத்த நீதி வாக்கியம்  ஆழ்நிலைத் தியானத்திற்கு முக்கியமான தொடர்புள்ளதென விசாலமாக ஆய்ந்த கருத்து

This sutta is widely considered as a the main reference for meditation practice.


தமிழ்


உத்தேஸ (ஆயத்தப்படுத்தல்)

I. மெய்யார்வ தியான ஜாக்கிரதை ஸ்தாபித்தல்
A.
உள்ளுயிர்ப்பு மற்றும் ஒரு தடவை மூச்சு வாங்கிவிடுதல் பிரிவு ( வினை
அடிப்படை, ஒரு சில சமய சம்பந்தமான
அப்பியாசம் பாடம் அல்லது ஆழ்நிலைத் தியான
செயல்முறை சார்ந்த நியதி வழி, நீடமைதி, நினை விழந்த நிலை மெய்மறந்த
மகிழ்ச்சி மற்றும் நாலடி பாதை எய்துதல்).
B. ஒழுக்க நடை பாதை பிரிவு ( நான்கு இரியாபத அங்கஸ்திதி இருக்கின்றது, அதாவது: நடத்தல், நிற்றல், உட்கார்ந்திருத்தல், சயனிப்பு)
C.முழு விழிப்புடனிருக்கிற,  உணர் திறன், உணர்வு பிரிவு.
D. பின்வருங் காலத்துக்குரிய எதிர்நோக்கு ஆசை பிரிவு.
E.மூலக்கூறு
அல்லது அடிப்படையான பொருள், அடிப்படை மெய்ம்மை, வண்ணம், நாச்சுவை, ஒலியலை,
புலங்கொளி மூலப் பொருள்,உடலைச் சார்ந்த அடிப்படை மெய்ம்மை அல்லது மூன்று
உயிரின உடற்
கசிவுப்பொருள் சளி,
காற்று மற்றும் பித்தநீர், தகனம் செய்த பிந்திய உடல் சிதைவெச்சம்
உடற்பகுதியான மூலக்
கூறு தசை, இரத்தம், எலும்புகள்: ஒரு புனித
திருச்சின்னம், ஒரு உயிரினப்படிவம்,  ஒரு மாழை.
F.ஒன்பது கல்லறை எலும்புகளைக் கொட்டும் மதிலகச் சுற்றுநில இடம். 

Note: infobubbles on all Pali words


Pāḷi



Uddesa


I. Kāyānupassanā
I.காயானுபஸ்ஸன
   A. Ānāpāna Pabba
A.ஆனாபான பப்ப (கம்மத்தானங்)
   B. Iriyāpatha Pabba
B.இரியாபத
பப்ப
   C. Sampajāna Pabba
C.ஸம்பஜான பப்ப
   D. Paṭikūlamanasikāra Pabba
D.பதிகுலமானஸிகார பப்ப
    E. Dhātumanasikāra Pabba
E.தாதுமானஸிகார பப்ப
    F. Navasivathika Pabba
E.நவஸிவதக பப்ப

II. Vedanānupassanā



English



Introduction

I. Observation of Kāya
 I.Fixing the attention,  earnest meditation
 A. Section on ānāpāna
A.Section on the Basis of action. This term is applied to certain
religious exercises or meditations, by means of which samādhi, jhāna and
the four Paths are attained. Each of these is based on a certain
formula or rite, also called kammaṭṭhānaṃ

   B. Section on postures
B.Section on Way of deportment. There are four iriyāpathas or postures, viz. walking, standing sitting, lying down.
  
C. Section on sampajañña
C.Section on Knowing, understanding, conscious.
   D. Section on repulsiveness
D.Section on To expect, await, desire
   E. Section on the Elements
E.Section on Primary or elementary substance; principle, element,
material; a property of a primary substance, as colour, taste, sound; an
organ of sense; a bodily principle or humour of which there are three,
phlegm, wind and bile; a constituent of the body, as flesh, blood,
bones; the remains of a body after cremation; a sacred relic; a fossil; a
metal

   F. Section on the nine charnel grounds

II. Observation of Vedanā


உத்தேஸ (ஆயத்தப்படுத்தல்)
அத்தகைய எம் வல்லமைமிக்க சவுகதநூல் இயற்கை ஆற்றல்:

எந்த நான்கு?இங்கு பிக்குக்களுக்களா,ஒரு பிக்கு kāye kāyānupassī
(உடலை உடல் கண்காணிப்புடன்) கவனித்து வசிக்கிரார் ātāpī sampajāno
satimā,வேறு வழியில்லாமல்   பிரபஞ்சம் நோக்கி எச்சரிக்கையுடன் இருக்க
ஏகாந்தமாயிருக்கிரார்.வேறு வழியில்லாமல்   பிரபஞ்சம் நோக்கி
எச்சரிக்கையுடன் இருக்க ஏகாந்தமாயிருக்க  Vedanāsu vedanānupassī
உறுதலுணர்ச்சி கண்காணிப்புடன் வசிக்கிரார்.வேறு வழியில்லாமல்   பிரபஞ்சம்
நோக்கி எச்சரிக்கையுடன் இருக்க ஏகாந்தமாயிருக Citte cittānupassī viharati
ātāpī sampajāno satimā, சித்த நலம் கருதி ண்காணிப்புடன் வசிக்கிரார்.
மனத்தால் இயக்கப்படுகிற அபூர்வமான வினயா(ஒழுக்கம்) காக்க வேறு
வழியில்லாமல்   பிரபஞ்சம் நோக்கி எச்சரிக்கையுடன் இருக்க ஏகாந்தமாயிருக்க
கண்காணிப்புடன் வசிக்கிரார்.

பாளி

எவங் மெ ஸுத்தங்

கதமெ
சத்தாரோ ?இத பிக்க்காவெ,காயெ
காயானுபஸ்ஸி விஹாரதி ஆதாபி ஸம்பஜானொ ஸதிமா, வினய்ய லோகெ அபிஜ்ஜா
தொமனஸம். வேதனாஸு வேதனானுபஸ்ஸி விஹாரதி ஆதாபி ஸம்பஜானொ ஸதிமா, வினய்ய
லோகெ அபிஜ்ஜா தொமனஸம். சித்தெ சித்தானுபஸ்ஸி  விஹாரதி ஆதாபி ஸம்பஜானொ
ஸதிமா, வினய்ய லோகெ அபிஜ்ஜா தொமனஸம். தம்மெஸு தம்மானுபஸ்ஸி விஹாரதி ஆதாபி
ஸம்பஜானொ ஸதிமா, வினய்ய லோகெ அபிஜ்ஜா தொமனஸம்.


English


 I.Fixing the attention,  earnest meditation

Which four? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing vedanā in vedanā, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing citta in citta, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world. He dwells observing dhamma·s in dhamma·s, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, having given up abhijjhā-domanassa towards the world.



I. Kāyānupassanā

A. Ānāpāna Pabba


English



Introduction

I. Observation of Kāya

   A. Section on ānāpāna
   B. Section on postures
   C. Section on sampajañña
   D. Section on repulsiveness
   E. Section on the Elements
   F. Section on the nine charnel grounds

II. Observation of Vedanā



Pāḷi

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho bhamakāro bhamakār·antevāsī dīghaṃ añchantodīghaṃ añchāmīti pajānāti; rassaṃ añchantorassaṃ añchāmīti pajānāti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dīghaṃ assasantodīghaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti; dīghaṃ passasantodīghaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti; rassaṃ assasantorassaṃ assasāmīti pajānāti; rassaṃ passasantorassaṃ passasāmīti pajānāti;

sabba-kāya-paṭisaṃvedī assasissāmīti sikkhati; ‘sabba-kāya-paṭisaṃvedī passasissāmīti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṃ kāya-saṅkhāraṃ assasissāmīti sikkhati; ‘passambhayaṃ kāya-saṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati.


I. Kāyānupassanā

A. Section on ānāpāna

English



Just as, bhikkhus, a skillful turner or a turner’s apprentice, making a
long turn, understands: ‘I am making a long turn’; making a short turn,
he understands: ‘I am making a short turn’; in the same
way, bhikkhus, a
bhikkhu, breathing in long, understands: ‘I am breathing in long’;
breathing out long he understands: ‘I am breathing out long’; breathing
in short he understands: ‘I am breathing in short’; breathing out short
he understands: ‘I am breathing out short’;
he
trains himself: ‘feeling the whole kāya, I will breathe in’; he trains
himself: ‘feeling the whole kāya, I will breathe out’; he trains
himself: ‘calming down the kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe in’; he trains
himself: ‘calming down the kāya-saṅkhāras, I will breathe out’.


தமிழ்

சம்மதம்படி,பிக்குக்களுக்களே,திறமை கடைசல்காரர்
அல்லது கடைசல்காரின் தொழில் பழகுநர், ஒரு நீளமான சுழற்றுதல் உருவாக்குதல்
குறிப்பறிது: ‘நான் நீளமான சுழற்றுதல் உருவாக்குகிறேன்’;ஒரு குறைவான
சுழற்றுதல் உருவாக்குதல் குறிப்பறிது: ‘நான் குறைவான சுழற்றுதல்
உருவாக்குகிறேன்’;அவ்வழி,பிக்குக்களுக்களே,ஒரு பிக்கு,மூச்சு நீண்டதாக
உள்ளே செலுத்தும்போது: நான் நீண்டதாக உள்ளே செலுத்துககின்றேன் என
அறிகிரார்.மூச்சு நீண்டதாக வெளியே  செலுத்தும்போது: நான் நீண்டதாக வெளியே
செலுத்துககின்றேன் என அறிகிரார்.மூச்சு குறைவாக உள்ளே செலுத்தும்போது: நான்
குறைவாக உள்ளே செலுத்துககின்றேன் என அறிகிரார்.மூச்சு குறைவாக வெளியே
செலுத்தும்போது:நான் குறைவாக வெளியே செலுத்துககின்றேன் என அறிகிரார்.அவர்
தானே பயிற்சித்துகொள்கிரார்: முழு  kāya உடலை/காயாவையும்
கூருணர்ச்சியுடன்,நான் மூச்சை உள்ளே செலுத்துககின்றேன்:அவர் தானே
பயிற்சித்துகொள்கிரார்:முழு  kāya உடலை/காயாவையும் கூருணர்ச்சியுடன்,நான்
மூச்சை வெளியே செலுத்துககின்றேன்:அவர் தானே பயிற்சித்துகொள்கிரார்: 
kāya-saṅkhāras உடல்/காயா இச்சாசத்தியை அமைதி உண்டாக்கொண்டு.நான் மூச்சை
உள்ளே செலுத்துககின்றேன்:அவர் தானே பயிற்சித்துகொள்கிரார்:,நான் மூச்சை
வெளியே செலுத்துககின்றேன்:அவர் தானே பயிற்சித்துகொள்கிரார்:


Please watch:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLel1sMDpEM&list=LPWCeFjm-hYPo&index=1&feature=plcp

for

Buddhist Meditation - Lama Ole Nydahl


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-49FV0Bs6mw&list=LPWCeFjm-hYPo&index=2&feature=plcp
for

Buddhas in Gardens - HD - Calming Nature Buddha Meditation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2a5RZjzC8A&list=LPWCeFjm-hYPo&index=3&feature=plcp

— The basket of discourses —Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta (DN 22) {excerpt} - all infobubbles— Attendance on awareness —Kāyānupassanā

மற்றும் எப்படி,பிக்குக்களுக்களே,kāya in kāya (உடலில்
உடலை கவனித்து வசிக்கிரார்? இங்கு பிக்குக்களுக்களா,ஒரு
பிக்கு,காட்டுக்குச் சென்றோ அல்லது மரத்தடிக்குச் சென்றோ அல்லது காலி
அறைகுச் சென்றோ,காலை குறுக்காக கீழ்நோக்கி மடித்துக்கொண்டு அமர்கிரார்,உடலை
செங்குத்தாக சரிசெய்துக்கொண்டு,மற்றும் sati parimukhaṃ. மூச்சு உள்ளே
அல்லது வெளியே சரிசெய்துக்கொள்கிரார்.  sato இவ்வாறு கவனமான மூச்சு உள்ளே
அல்லது வெளியே செலுத்துகிரார். மூச்சு நீண்டதாக உள்ளே செலுத்தும்போது: நான்
நீண்டதாக உள்ளே செலுத்துககின்றேன் என அறிகிரார்.மூச்சு நீண்டதாக வெளியே 
செலுத்தும்போது: நான் நீண்டதாக வெளியே செலுத்துககின்றேன் என
அறிகிரார்.மூச்சு குறைவாக உள்ளே செலுத்தும்போது: நான் குறைவாக உள்ளே
செலுத்துககின்றேன் என அறிகிரார்.மூச்சு குறைவாக வெளியே செலுத்தும்போது:நான்
குறைவாக வெளியே செலுத்துககின்றேன் என அறிகிரார்.அவர் தானே
பயிற்சித்துகொள்கிரார்: முழு  kāya உடலை/காயாவையும் கூருணர்ச்சியுடன்,நான்
மூச்சை உள்ளே செலுத்துககின்றேன்:அவர் தானே பயிற்சித்துகொள்கிரார்:முழு 
kāya உடலை/காயாவையும் கூருணர்ச்சியுடன்,நான் மூச்சை வெளியே
செலுத்துககின்றேன்:அவர் தானே பயிற்சித்துகொள்கிரார்:  kāya-saṅkhāras
உடல்/காயா இச்சாசத்தியை அமைதி உண்டாக்கொண்டு.நான் மூச்சை உள்ளே
செலுத்துககின்றேன்:அவர் தானே பயிற்சித்துகொள்கிரார்:,நான் மூச்சை வெளியே
செலுத்துககின்றேன்:அவர் தானே பயிற்சித்துகொள்கிரார்:



B. Iriyāpatha Pabba


Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gacchanto gacchāmīti pajānāti, ṭhito ṭhitomhīti pajānāti, nisinno nisinnomhīti pajānāti, sayāno sayānomhīti pajānāti. Yathā yathā pan·assa kāyo paṇihito hoti, tathā tathā naṃ pajānāti.

B. Section on postures



Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, while walking, understands: ‘I am
walking’, or while standing he understands: ‘I am standing’, or while
sitting he understands: ‘I am sitting’, or while lying down he
understands: ‘I am lying down’. Or else, in whichever position his kāya is disposed, he understands it accordingly.

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya,{1} a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

தமிழ்
மேலும்,பிக்குக்களுக்களே,ஒரு பிக்கு, நடந்து செல்லும் பொழுது, ‘நான் நடந்து செல்கிறேன்’,
என
அவர் அறிந்துகொள்கிறார்.அல்லது நின்று கொண்டிருக்கிற பொழுது, ‘நான் நின்று
கொண்டிருக்கிகிறேன்’, என அவர் அறிந்துகொள்கிறார்:அல்லது
உட்கார்ந்திருக்கிற பொழுது, ‘நான் உட்கார்ந்திருக்கிறேன்’, என அவர்
அறிந்துகொள்கிறார்: அல்லது படுத்திருத்திருக்கிற பொழுது, ‘நான்
படுத்திருத்திருக்கிறேன்’,என அவர் அறிந்துகொள்கிறார்: தவிர அவர் kāya
உடல்அமர்வுநிலை எதுவாக தீர்வு செய்கிறாரோ
அதன்படிபுரிந்து கொள்கிறார்.

இவ்வாறு
அவர் kāya in kāya உடல்/காயத்தை காயதுக்குள் கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார்,
அல்லது காயத்தை காயதுக்கு வெளியே கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார், அல்லது காயத்தை
காயதுக்கு உள்ளே மற்றும் வெளியே கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார்;புலன்களால்
உணரத்தக்க எழுச்சி கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார், மற்றும் புலன்களால்
உணரத்தக்கதை கடந்துசெல்லுவதை கண்காணித்து வாசம் செய்கிரார்; இல்லாவிடில்
எச்சரிக்கையாயிருக்கிற உணர் உடனிருக்கிறதை,சும்மா வெறும் ஓர்அளவு ஞானம்
மற்றும் ஓர்அளவு paṭissati என எண்ணி பற்றறு வாசம் செய்கிரார்



DN 22 - (D ii 290)
Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta


— Attendance on awareness —
[ mahā+satipaṭṭhāna ]



This sutta is widely considered as a the main reference for meditation practice.





Note: infobubbles on all Pali words


Pāḷi



Uddesa

I. Kāyānupassanā

   A. Ānāpāna Pabba
   B. Iriyāpatha Pabba
   C. Sampajāna Pabba
   D. Paṭikūlamanasikāra Pabba
   E. Dhātumanasikāra Pabba
   F. Navasivathika Pabba

II. Vedanānupassanā

III. Cittānupassanā

IV. Dhammānupassanā

   A. Nīvaraṇa Pabba



English



Introduction

I. Observation of Kāya

   A. Section on ānāpāna
   B. Section on postures
   C. Section on sampajañña
   D. Section on repulsiveness
   E. Section on the Elements
   F. Section on the nine charnel grounds

II. Observation of Vedanā

III. Observation of Citta

IV. Observation of Dhammas

   A. Section on the nīvaraṇas

C. Sampajāna Pabba


Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭi-patta-cīvara-dhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccāra-passāva-kamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.

C. Section on sampajañña



Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, while approaching and while departing,
acts with sampajañña, while looking ahead and while looking around, he
acts with sampajañña, while bending and while stretching, he acts with
sampajañña, while wearing the robes and the upper robe and while
carrying the bowl, he acts with sampajañña, while eating, while
drinking, while chewing, while tasting, he acts with sampajañña, while
attending to the business of defecating and urinating, he acts with
sampajañña, while walking, while standing, while sitting, while
sleeping, while being awake, while talking and while being silent, he
acts with sampajañña.

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.

தமிழ்

மேலும்,பிக்குக்களுக்களே,ஒரு
பிக்கு, அணுகும் பொழுது மற்றும் விட்டு நீங்கும் பொழுது, sampajañña
நிரந்தரமான தீர்க்கமான உணருந்திறனுடன்  நுணுகிக்கண்டு  செயல் படுகிரார்,
முன் நோக்கி கவனித்துப் பார்க்கும் பொழுது மற்றும் எல்லாப் பக்கங்களிலும்
கவனித்துப் பார்க்கும் பொழுது,sampajañña நிரந்தரமான தீர்க்கமான
உணருந்திறனுடன்  நுணுகிக்கண்டு  செயல் படுகிரார், வளைக்கிற பொழுது  மற்றும்
நெட்டிமுறியும் பொழுது,sampajañña நிரந்தரமான தீர்க்கமான உணருந்திறனுடன் 
நுணுகிக்கண்டு  செயல் படுகிரார், பதவிக்குரிய நீண்ட மேலங்கி அணிந்து கொள்
பொழுது மற்றும் தளர்த்தியான மேலங்கி  மற்றும் ஐயக்கடிஞை எடுத்துச் செல்லும்
பொழுது,sampajañña நிரந்தரமான தீர்க்கமான உணருந்திறனுடன்  நுணுகிக்கண்டு 
செயல் படுகிரார், உண்ணும் பொழுது, குடிக்கும் பொழுது, மெல்லும் பொழுது,
சுவைக்கும் பொழுது,sampajañña நிரந்தரமான தீர்க்கமான உணருந்திறனுடன் 
நுணுகிக்கண்டு  செயல் படுகிரார், வண்டலகற்றும்  மற்றும் சிறுநீர் கழிக்கும்
பணி கவனிக்கும் பொழுது,sampajañña நிரந்தரமான தீர்க்கமான உணருந்திறனுடன் 
நுணுகிக்கண்டு  செயல் படுகிரார், நடந்து செல்கிறே பொழுது நின்று
கொண்டிருக்கிற பொழுது,
உட்கார்ந்திருக்கிற பொழுது, படுத்திருத்திருக்கிற
பொழுது, விழிதிருக்கிற பொழுது, உரையாடுகிற பொழுது, பேசாமலிருக்கிற பொழுது,
sampajañña நிரந்தரமான தீர்க்கமான உணருந்திறனுடன்  நுணுகிக்கண்டு  செயல்
படுகிரார்.

இவ்வாறு அவர் kāya in kāya உடல்/காயத்தை காயதுக்குள்
கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார், அல்லது காயத்தை காயதுக்கு வெளியே கண்காணி வாசம்
செய்கிரார், அல்லது காயத்தை காயதுக்கு உள்ளே மற்றும் வெளியே கண்காணி வாசம்
செய்கிரார்;புலன்களால் உணரத்தக்க எழுச்சி கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார்,
மற்றும் புலன்களால் உணரத்தக்கதை கடந்துசெல்லுவதை கண்காணித்து வாசம்
செய்கிரார்; இல்லாவிடில் எச்சரிக்கையாயிருக்கிற உணர் உடனிருக்கிறதை,சும்மா
வெறும் ஓர்அளவு ஞானம் மற்றும் ஓர்அளவு paṭissati என எண்ணி பற்றறு வாசம்
செய்கிரார்.



DN 22 - (D ii 290)
Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta


— Attendance on awareness —
[ mahā+satipaṭṭhāna ]



This sutta is widely considered as a the main reference for meditation practice.




Note: infobubbles on all Pali words


Pāḷi



Uddesa

I. Kāyānupassanā

   A. Ānāpāna Pabba
   B. Iriyāpatha Pabba
   C. Sampajāna Pabba
   D. Paṭikūlamanasikāra Pabba
   E. Dhātumanasikāra Pabba
   F. Navasivathika Pabba

II. Vedanānupassanā

III. Cittānupassanā

IV. Dhammānupassanā

   A. Nīvaraṇa Pabba
   B. Khandha Pabba
   C. Āyatana Pabba
   D. Bojjhaṅga Pabba



English



Introduction

I. Observation of Kāya

   A. Section on ānāpāna
   B. Section on postures
   C. Section on sampajañña
   D. Section on repulsiveness
   E. Section on the Elements
   F. Section on the nine charnel grounds

II. Observation of Vedanā

III. Observation of Citta

IV. Observation of Dhammas

   A. Section on the Nīvaraṇas
   B. Section on the Khandhas
   C. Section on the Sense Spheres
   D. Section on the Bojjhaṅgas


D. Paṭikūlamanasikāra Pabba


Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ, uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesa·matthakā, taca·pariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṃti.

D. Section on Repulsiveness



Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu considers this very body, from the
soles of the feet up and from the hair on the head down, which is
delimited by its skin and full of various kinds of impurities: “In this kāya,
there are the hairs of the head, hairs of the body, nails, teeth, skin,
flesh, tendons, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura,
spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach with its contents, feces,
bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, nasal
mucus, synovial fluid and urine.”

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ubhatomukhā putoḷi pūrā nānāvihitassa dhaññassa, seyyathidaṃ sālīnaṃ vīhīnaṃ muggānaṃ māsānaṃ tilānaṃ taṇḍulānaṃ.
Tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso muñcitvā paccavekkheyya: ‘Ime sālī ime vīhī, ime muggā, ime māsā, ime tilā, ime taṇḍulāti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ, uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesa·matthakā, taca·pariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṃti.


Just as if, bhikkhus, there was a bag having two openings and filled
with various kinds of grain, such as hill-paddy, paddy, mung beans,
cow-peas, sesame seeds and husked rice. A man with good eyesight, having
unfastened it, would consider [its contents]: “This is hill-paddy, this
is paddy, those are mung beans, those are cow-peas, those are sesame
seeds and this is husked rice;” in the same way, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu
considers this very body, from the soles of the feet up and from the
hair on the head down, which is delimited by its skin and full of
various kinds of impurities: “In this kāya,
there are the hairs of the head, hairs of the body, nails, teeth, skin,
flesh, tendons, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, pleura,
spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach with its contents, feces,
bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, nasal
mucus, synovial fluid and urine.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.


தமிழ்

மேலும்,
பிக்குக்களுக்களே, ஒரு பிக்கு, இதே உடம்பில்,உச்சைந்தலை முடியிலிருந்து
கீழ்நோக்கி உள்ளங்கால் வரை, மெல்லிய தோல் மற்றும் பல்வேறு வகைப்பட்ட
அசுத்தம் நிறைந்த, ‘இந்த kāya, உடம்பு தலை முடி, உடம்புமுடி, நகம், பற்கள்,
மெல்லியல் தோல், தசை, தசை நாண், எலும்பு, எலும்புச்சோறு, சிறுநீரகம்,
இதயம், கல்லீரல்,மார்புவரி, மண்ணீரல், சுவாசப்பை,குடல், குடல்தாங்கி,
இரைப்பை அதனுடைய உள்ளடங்கல், மலம், பித்தநீர், கபம், சீழ், இரத்தம்,
வியர்வை, கொழுப்பு, கண்ணீர், மசகிடு, உமிழ்நீர், மூக்குச்சளி, உயவுநீர்மஞ்
சார்ந்த நீர்த்தன்மையுள்ள மற்றும் சிறுநீர் அதன் வரம்பிடலில் உள்ளது என
அறீவார்.

ஒருவேளை பிக்குக்களுக்களே,அங்கே ஒரு பை இரண்டு
வாயில்கள் உடையதாயிருப்பின், பல்வேறு  வகைப்பட்ட தானியம், குன்று நெல்
பயிர், நெல் பயிர், பச்சைப்பருப்பு, மாட்டு பட்டாணி, எள்ளு விதை, தொலியல்.
ஒரு மனிதன் நல்ல பார்வையாற்றல் உடையவராயிருத்தல் கட்டு அவிழ்க்கப்
பட்டவுடன் ஆழ்ந்து ஆராய விரும்பி ,”இது குன்று நெல் பயிர்,நெல் பயிர்,
பச்சைப்பருப்பு, மாட்டு பட்டாணி, எள்ளு விதை, தொலியல்என அறீவார்.” அதே
போல்,  பிக்குக்களுக்களே, ஒரு பிக்கு, இதே உடம்பில்,உச்சைந்தலை
முடியிலிருந்து கீழ்நோக்கி உள்ளங்கால் வரை, மெல்லிய தோல் மற்றும் பல்வேறு
வகைப்பட்ட அசுத்தம் நிறைந்த, ‘இந்த kāya, உடம்பு தலை முடி, உடம்புமுடி,
நகம், பற்கள், மெல்லியல் தோல், தசை, தசை நாண், எலும்பு, எலும்புச்சோறு,
சிறுநீரகம், இதயம், கல்லீரல்,மார்புவரி, மண்ணீரல், சுவாசப்பை,குடல்,
குடல்தாங்கி, இரைப்பை அதனுடைய உள்ளடங்கல், மலம், பித்தநீர், கபம், சீழ்,
இரத்தம், வியர்வை, கொழுப்பு, கண்ணீர், மசகிடு, உமிழ்நீர், மூக்குச்சளி,
உயவுநீர்மஞ் சார்ந்த நீர்த்தன்மையுள்ள மற்றும் சிறுநீர் அதன் வரம்பிடலில்
உள்ளது என அறீவார்.

இவ்வாறு அவர் kāya in kāya உடல்/காயத்தை
காயதுக்குள் கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார், அல்லது காயத்தை காயதுக்கு வெளியே
கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார், அல்லது காயத்தை காயதுக்கு உள்ளே மற்றும் வெளியே
கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார்;புலன்களால் உணரத்தக்க எழுச்சி கண்காணி வாசம்
செய்கிரார், மற்றும் புலன்களால் உணரத்தக்கதை கடந்துசெல்லுவதை கண்காணித்து
வாசம் செய்கிரார்; இல்லாவிடில் எச்சரிக்கையாயிருக்கிற உணர்
உடனிருக்கிறதை,சும்மா வெறும் ஓர்அளவு ஞானம் மற்றும் ஓர்அளவு paṭissati என
எண்ணி பற்றறு வாசம் செய்கிரார்.


DN 22 - (D ii 290)
Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta


— Attendance on awareness —
[ mahā+satipaṭṭhāna ]



This sutta is widely considered as a the main reference for meditation practice.




Note: infobubbles on all Pali words


Pāḷi



Uddesa

I. Kāyānupassanā

   A. Ānāpāna Pabba
   B. Iriyāpatha Pabba
   C. Sampajāna Pabba
   D. Paṭikūlamanasikāra Pabba
   E. Dhātumanasikāra Pabba
   F. Navasivathika Pabba

II. Vedanānupassanā

III. Cittānupassanā

IV. Dhammānupassanā

   A. Nīvaraṇa Pabba
   B. Khandha Pabba
   C. Āyatana Pabba
   D. Bojjhaṅga Pabba



English



Introduction

I. Observation of Kāya

   A. Section on ānāpāna
   B. Section on postures
   C. Section on sampajañña
   D. Section on repulsiveness
   E. Section on the Elements
   F. Section on the nine charnel grounds

II. Observation of Vedanā

III. Observation of Citta

IV. Observation of Dhammas

   A. Section on the Nīvaraṇas
   B. Section on the Khandhas
   C. Section on the Sense Spheres
   D. Section on the Bojjhaṅgas

E. Dhātumanasikāra Pabba


Puna ca·paraṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ yathā·ṭhitaṃ yathā·paṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavī·dhātu āpo·dhātū tejo·dhātū vāyo·dhātūti.

E. Section on the Elements



Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reflects on this very kāya, however it is placed, however it is disposed: “In this kāya, there is the earth element, the water element, the fire element and the air element.”

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako goghātak·antevāsī gāviṃ vadhitvā catu·mahā·pathe bilaso vibhajitvā nisinno assa; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imam·eva kāyaṃ yathā·ṭhitaṃ yathā·paṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati: ‘Atthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavī·dhātu āpo·dhātū tejo·dhātū vāyo·dhātūti.


Just as, bhikkhus, a skillful butcher or a butcher’s apprentice, having
killed a cow, would sit at a crossroads cutting it into pieces; in the
same way, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu reflects on this very kāya, however it is placed, however it is disposed: “In this kāya, there is the earth element, the water element, the fire element and the air element.”

Iti ajjhattaṃ kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhatta-bahiddhā kāye kāyānupassī viharati; samudaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudaya-vaya-dhamm·ānupassī kāyasmiṃ viharati; ‘atthi kāyoti pan·assa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti, yāvadeva ñāṇa·mattāya paṭissati·mattāya, a·nissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evam·pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.


Thus he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya externally, or he dwells observing kāya in kāya internally and externally; he dwells observing the samudaya of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the passing away of phenomena in kāya, or he dwells observing the samudaya and passing away of phenomena in kāya; or else, [realizing:] “this is kāya!” sati is present in him, just to the extent of mere ñāṇa and mere paṭissati, he dwells detached, and does not cling to anything in the world. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells observing kāya in kāya.


தமிழ்

E. நாற்பெரும் பூதங்கள் மேலான பிரிவு

மேலும்,
பிக்குக்களுக்களே, ஒரு பிக்கு, எவ்வகையிலேனும் அதை வைத்திருந்த போதும்,
எவ்வகையிலேனும் அதை அப்புறப்படுத்த போதும், இந்த உடல்/காயம்  பிரதிபலிக்க 
இந்த :”உடல்/காயத்தில் ,நிலவுலகம் மெய்ம்மூலம், தண்ணீர் மெய்ம்மூலம்,
நெருப்பு மெய்ம்மூலம், காற்று மெய்ம்மூலம் இருக்கிறது.

சம்மதம்போலே,பிக்குக்களுக்களே, ஒரு பயிற்சி பெற்ற கசாப்புக்காரர் அல்லது ஒரு
கசாப்புக்காரரிடம் தொழில் பழகுநர்,ஒரு பசு கொல்லுஞ் செயல் உடையவராயிரருந்து,
ஒரு
குறுக்கு வீதி உட்கார்ந்து எப்படி வெட்டி எடுக்கப்பட்டதோ;  அதே போன்றே,
பிக்குக்களுக்களே, ஒரு பிக்கு, எவ்வகையிலேனும் அதை வைத்திருந்த போதும்,
எவ்வகையிலேனும் அதை அப்புறப்படுத்த போதும், இந்த உடல்/காயம்  பிரதிபலிக்க 
இந்த :”உடல்/காயத்தில் ,நிலவுலகம் மெய்ம்மூலம், தண்ணீர் மெய்ம்மூலம்,
நெருப்பு மெய்ம்மூலம், காற்று மெய்ம்மூலம் இருக்கிறது.

இவ்வாறு
அவர் kāya in kāya உடல்/காயத்தை காயதுக்குள் கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார்,
அல்லது காயத்தை காயதுக்கு வெளியே கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார், அல்லது காயத்தை
காயதுக்கு உள்ளே மற்றும் வெளியே கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார்;புலன்களால்
உணரத்தக்க எழுச்சி கண்காணி வாசம் செய்கிரார், மற்றும் புலன்களால்
உணரத்தக்கதை கடந்துசெல்லுவதை கண்காணித்து வாசம் செய்கிரார்; இல்லாவிடில்
எச்சரிக்கையாயிருக்கிற உணர் உடனிருக்கிறதை,சும்மா வெறும் ஓர்அளவு

— The basket of discourses —Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta (DN 22) {excerpt} - all infobubbles— Attendance on awareness —Kāyānupassanā
F. Navasivathika Pabba    F. Section on the nine charnel grounds  F. ஒன்பது இடுகாடு நிலத்தளங்கள் மேலான பிரிவு



DN 22 - (D ii 2

Most Venerable Bhikkhu Anand Bhante Ji
visited
Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Jambudipa White Home HAL 3rd Stage, Bengaluru at 06:30 pm and gave
discourse on Meditation to all women and children of the area and they
were all very happy and wished to visit Maha Bodhi Society, Gandhinagar,
Bengaluru. After his discourse he talked with Sashi Kanth
Chandrasekharan who is in USA over phone and discussed about his plan to
visit to US during June to Aug 2017. Sashi was happy and welcomed
Bhante’s visit to US to benefit his famous discourses on Meditation as
performed in various foreign countries.

LESSONS

from

Rector
JCMesh J Alphabets Letter Animation ClipartMesh C Alphabets Letter Animation Clipart

an expert who identifies experts influenced by Expert and Infulencer Sashikanth Chandrasekharan

 


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Free
Online Organiser Daily.      We are living in with Happiness, Kindness,
Compassion and Peace to attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal.

Eternal, Glorified,Friendly, Benevolent,Compassionate Pali is the language of the Eternal, Glorified,Friendly, Benevolent,CompassionateTipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Eternal, Glorified,Friendly, Benevolent,CompassionateTheravāda
Buddhism and contains much of the Eternal, Glorified,Friendly,
Benevolent,Compassionate One Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to
Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between Eternal,
Glorified,Friendly, Benevolent,Compassionatereligions.

Discover
the meaning of jambudipa in the context of Pali from relevant books on
Exotic Eternal, Glorified,Friendly, Benevolent,Compassionate
Jambudipa/Prabuddha Bharat.

Free
Online Organiser Daily.      We are living in with Happiness, Kindness,
Compassion and Peace to attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal.
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Ashoka and Buddhism | Exotic India Art 
JAMBUDIPA
in
Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Vietnamese-Tiếng Việ,

“THE GIFT OF DHAMMA EXCELS ALL OTHER GIFTS”
— The Lord ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE  ONE Buddha

HISTORY TIMELINE

We WERE in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.                      

We ARE in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.                         

We CONTINUE to be in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.

မြန်မာဘာသာဖြင့် ဖတ်ရန်

“A
Burmese Map of the World” showing Jambudipa or the “Rose Apple Island”
which is home to all human-kind. In Buddhist, Hindu, & Jain
cosmology Jambudipa or Zambudipa in Burmese is the southern of four
continents. The others are not accessible to human beings. Mount Meru
stands at the centre of all four. Our’s has a giant rose apple tree as
well as big mountains at the top and little islands offshore. It also
has thousands of cities (pura) & is normally ruled by a chakkavatti
(sekyawaddi in Burmese)This map was reproduced in Sir RC Temples “Thirty
Seven Nats” published in London 1906.

7,117 languages are spoken today.

That number is constantly in flux, because we’re learning more about the
world’s languages every day. And beyond that, the languages themselves
are in flux.

They’re living & dynamic,spoken by communities whose lives are
shaped by our rapidly changing world. 

This is a fragile time: Roughly 0%
of languages are now endangered, often with less than 1,000 speakers
remaining. 

Meanwhile, just 23 languages account for more than half the world’s population.according to https://gulfnews.com/…/census-more-than-19500-languages…

When
a just born baby is kept isolated without anyone communicating with the
baby, after a few days it will speak an human natural (Prakrit)
language known as Classical ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT
COMPASSIONATE Magahi Magadhi/Classical ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY
BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Chandaso language/Magadhi Prakrit,Classical
ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hela Basa
(Hela Language),Classical ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT
COMPASSIONATE Pāḷi which are the same. ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY
BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE ONE Buddha spoke in
ETERNAL
& GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Magadhi. All the
7,139 languages & dialects are off shoot of Classical ETERNAL &
GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Magahi Magadhi which is
originated in Karnataka.Karnataka Forest Department & HOPCOMS
ardently grow vegetables & fruit bearing trees hence called
JAMBUDIPA.

 Hence
all of them are Classical ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT
COMPASSIONATE in nature (Prakrit) of Human Beings, just like all other
living speices have their own natural
languages for communication. 
138 languages are translated by 



Origin

During the British rule of Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Jambudipa Prabuddha Bharat 
🇮🇳 ,
the people who spoke Kannada language were spread across different
provinces. Coming under the influence of different languages in those
provinces, the pronunciation and grammar of Kannada language started to
differ across provinces. This led to a gap in communication across the
people in these provinces though they spoke the same language of
Kannada. 

Mokshagundam
Vishweshwaraiah, who was the Diwan of the Mysore Kingdom felt the need
to conserve and promote the Kannada language and literature. In this
direction, he started the Mysore Economic Conference and created a study
circle under the responsibility of H. V. Nanjundaiah. A sub-committee
formed under the study circle came up with five different topics on
which suggestions were invited:

To come up with ideas to promote unity and co-operation among Kannada speakers spread across different regions.

To come up with suggestions for a common written Kannada which had diversified across different regions
To ensure that students learning Kannada language use a common text book.

To improve the general knowledge among the Kannada speaking population by publishing appropriate books.

To come up with appropriate Kannada translations for words used in other languages, especially the scientific words.

The
sub-committee received good responses from the public and it decided to
organise a conference in Bangalore on 3 May 1915 to act upon these
suggestions. The conference was held on the grounds of the Government
High School and was attended by littérateurs, newspaper editors and
other dignitaries from different regions. The conference came up with a
proposal to create the Karnataka Sahitya Parishat with a mandate to
conserve and promote Kannada language and literature. H. V. Nanjundaiah
was unanimously elected to be the President of the Parishat. 

Apart
from the Mysore province, the Karnataka Sahitya Parishat was
simultaneously started in the Madras, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Kodagu
provinces.

Famous quotes containing the word origin:

“Each
structure and institution here was so primitive that you could at once
refer it to its source; but our buildings commonly suggest neither their
origin nor their purpose.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)

“The origin of storms is not in clouds,
our lightning strikes when the earth rises,
spillways free authentic power:
dead John Brown’s body walking from a tunnel
to break the armored and concluded mind.”
—Muriel Rukeyser (1913–1980)

“The
real, then, is that which, sooner or later, information and reasoning
would finally result in, and which is therefore independent of the
vagaries of me and you. Thus, the very origin of the conception of
reality shows that this conception essentially involves the notion of a
COMMUNITY, without definite limits, and capable of a definite increase
of knowledge.”
—Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)
JAMBUDIPA
Trong
Cổ Điển VĨNH VIỄN THÂN THIỆN TÔN VINH LÒNG TỪ THIỆN Tiếng Việt-Tiếng Việt,

“MÓN QUÀ CỦA PHÁP THƯỢNG HƠN TẤT CẢ MÓN QUÀ KHÁC”
— Đức Phật VĨNH VIỄN & THÂN THIỆN TỪ BI

DÒNG THỜI GIAN LỊCH SỬ

Chúng ta ĐÃ Ở trong JAMBUDIPA Vĩnh cửu, Vinh quang, Thân thiện, Nhân từ, Từ bi.

Chúng ta ở trong JAMBUDIPA Vĩnh cửu, Vinh quang, Thân thiện, Nhân từ, Từ bi.

Chúng ta TIẾP TỤC ở trong JAMBUDIPA Vĩnh cửu, Vinh quang, Thân thiện, Nhân từ, Từ bi.

မြန်မာဘာသာဖြင့် ဖတ်ရန်

“Bản
đồ thế giới của người Miến Điện” cho thấy Jambudipa hay “Đảo Hoa Hồng
Apple” là quê hương của toàn nhân loại. Trong vũ trụ học Phật giáo, Ấn
Độ giáo và Kỳ Na giáo, Jambudipa hoặc Zambudipa trong tiếng Miến Điện là
phía nam của bốn lục địa. Những người khác không thể tiếp cận với con
người. Núi Tu Di đứng ở trung tâm của cả bốn. Của chúng tôi có một cây
táo hồng khổng lồ cũng như những ngọn núi lớn trên đỉnh và những hòn đảo
nhỏ ngoài khơi. Nó cũng có hàng ngàn thành phố (pura) và thường được
cai trị bởi một chakkavatti (sekyawaddi trong tiếng Miến Điện) Bản đồ
này được sao chép trong Sir RC Temples “Ba mươi bảy Nats” xuất bản ở
London 1906.
7.117 ngôn ngữ được nói ngày nay.

Con số đó liên tục thay đổi, bởi vì chúng tôi đang tìm hiểu thêm về
ngôn ngữ thế giới mỗi ngày. Và hơn thế nữa, bản thân các ngôn ngữ
đang thay đổi liên tục.

Họ đang sống & năng động, được nói bởi các cộng đồng có cuộc sống
định hình bởi thế giới đang thay đổi nhanh chóng của chúng ta.

Đây là thời điểm mong manh: Khoảng 0%
ngôn ngữ hiện đang bị đe dọa, thường có ít hơn 1.000 người nói
còn lại.

Trong khi đó, chỉ 23 ngôn ngữ chiếm hơn một nửa dân số thế giới. Theo https://gulfnews.com/…/census-more-than-19500-languages…

Khi
một em bé mới sinh ra được giữ cách ly mà không có ai giao tiếp với em
bé, sau một vài ngày, nó sẽ nói một ngôn ngữ tự nhiên của con người
(Prakrit) được gọi là Ngôn ngữ Chandaso Cổ điển VĨNH CỬNG VĨNH CỬU &
THÂN THIỆN TÔN VINH /Magadhi Prakrit,Hela Basa (Ngôn ngữ Hela)CỔ ĐIỂN
VĨNH VIỄN & THÂN THIỆN VĨNH VIỄN Pāḷi tương tự như nhau. VĨNH VIỄN
BÊNH VĨNH VIỄN LÒNG TỪ BÀ MỘT Đức Phật đã nói trong
VĨNH
CỬU & TÔN VINH BẠN BÈ TỪ THIỆN Magadhi. Tất cả 7.139 ngôn ngữ và
phương ngữ đều được tạo ra từ Magahi Magadhi Cổ điển THÂN THIỆN VĨNH CỬU
& ĐƯỢC TÔN VINH LÒNG TIN LÀNH TRAI có nguồn gốc từ Karnataka. Sở
Lâm nghiệp Karnataka & HOPCOMS hăng hái trồng rau và cây ăn quả do
đó được gọi là JAMBUDIPA.

 Do
đó, tất cả chúng đều là Cổ điển VĨNH VIỄN & TÔN VINH THÂN THIỆN
LÒNG TỪ THIỆN về bản chất (Prakrit) của Con người, giống như tất cả các
loài sinh vật khác đều có bản chất tự nhiên của chúng.
ngôn ngữ để giao tiếp.
138 ngôn ngữ được dịch bởi



Nguồn gốc

Trong thời cai trị của Vương quốc Anh của Đức Jambudipa Prabuddha Bharat Vĩnh cửu, Vinh quang, Thân thiện, Nhân từ, Từ bi
🇮🇳 ,
những người nói tiếng Kannada trải dài khắp các tỉnh khác nhau. Chịu
ảnh hưởng của các ngôn ngữ khác nhau ở các tỉnh đó, cách phát âm và ngữ
pháp của tiếng Kannada bắt đầu khác nhau giữa các tỉnh. Điều này dẫn đến
khoảng cách trong giao tiếp giữa người dân ở các tỉnh này mặc dù họ nói
cùng một ngôn ngữ tiếng Kannada.

Mokshagundam
Vishweshwaraiah, Diwan của Vương quốc Mysore cảm thấy cần phải bảo tồn
và quảng bá ngôn ngữ và văn học Kannada. Theo hướng này, ông đã bắt đầu
Hội nghị Kinh tế Mysore và tạo ra một nhóm nghiên cứu dưới trách nhiệm
của H. V. Nanjundaiah. Một tiểu ban được thành lập dưới vòng nghiên cứu
đã đưa ra năm chủ đề khác nhau để mời các đề xuất:

Đưa ra các ý tưởng để thúc đẩy sự đoàn kết và hợp tác giữa những người nói tiếng Kannada trải rộng trên các khu vực khác nhau.

Để đưa ra các đề xuất cho một Kannada bằng văn bản phổ biến đã đa dạng hóa giữa các vùng khác nhau
Để đảm bảo rằng học sinh học tiếng Kannada sử dụng một cuốn sách văn bản chung.

Để nâng cao kiến thức chung của cộng đồng nói tiếng Kannada bằng cách xuất bản những cuốn sách phù hợp.

Đưa ra các bản dịch tiếng Kannada thích hợp cho các từ được sử dụng trong các ngôn ngữ khác, đặc biệt là các từ khoa học.

Tiểu
ban đã nhận được phản hồi tốt từ công chúng và họ quyết định tổ chức
một hội nghị ở Bangalore vào ngày 3 tháng 5 năm 1915 để hành động theo
những đề xuất này. Hội nghị được tổ chức trong khuôn viên của Trường
Trung học Chính phủ và có sự tham dự của các nhà văn học, biên tập viên
báo chí và các chức sắc khác từ các khu vực khác nhau. Hội nghị đã đưa
ra đề xuất thành lập Giáo xứ Karnataka Sahitya với nhiệm vụ bảo tồn và
quảng bá ngôn ngữ và văn học Kannada. H. V. Nanjundaiah được nhất trí
bầu làm Chủ tịch Giáo xứ.

Ngoài tỉnh Mysore, Giáo xứ Karnataka Sahitya đã được bắt đầu đồng thời ở các tỉnh Madras, Mumbai, Hyderabad và Kodagu.

Những câu nói nổi tiếng có chứa từ gốc:

“Mỗi
cấu trúc và thể chế ở đây đều nguyên thủy đến mức bạn có thể ngay lập
tức chỉ ra nguồn gốc của nó; nhưng các tòa nhà của chúng tôi thường
không đề cập đến nguồn gốc cũng như mục đích của chúng.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)

“Nguồn gốc của bão tố không phải ở mây,
sét đánh của chúng ta khi trái đất mọc lên,
đập tràn sức mạnh đích thực miễn phí:
thi thể của John Brown đã chết đi bộ từ một đường hầm
để phá vỡ tâm trí bọc thép và kết luận.
—Muriel Rukeyser (1913–1980)

“Vậy
thì, thực tế là cái mà sớm hay muộn thông tin và lý luận cuối cùng sẽ
dẫn đến, và do đó không phụ thuộc vào sự mơ hồ của tôi và bạn. Do đó,
chính nguồn gốc của quan niệm về thực tại cho thấy rằng quan niệm này về
cơ bản liên quan đến khái niệm CỘNG ĐỒNG, không có giới hạn nhất định
và có khả năng gia tăng kiến thức nhất định.”
—Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)

जम्बूद्वीप
में
शास्‍त्रीय शास्‍त्रीय सनातन और गौरवान्वित मैत्रीपूर्ण परोपकारी अनुकंपा देवनागरी, शास्‍त्रीय हिन्‍दी-देवनागरी- शास्‍त्रीय हिंदी,

“धम्म का उपहार अन्य सभी उपहारों से श्रेष्ठ है”
- भगवान शाश्वत और महिमामंडित मित्रवत परोपकारी अनुकंपा एक बुद्ध

इतिहास समयरेखा

हम शाश्वत, गौरवशाली, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, अनुकंपा जंबुदीप में थे।

हम शाश्वत, गौरवशाली, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, अनुकंपा जंबुदीपा में हैं।

हम शाश्वत, गौरवशाली, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, अनुकंपा जंबुदीप में बने रहते हैं।

မြန်မာဘာသာဖြင့် ဖတ်ရန်

जंबूदीप
या “रोज एप्पल आइलैंड” को दर्शाने वाला “ए बर्मीज़ मैप ऑफ़ द वर्ल्ड” जो
सभी मानव-जाति का घर है। बौद्ध, हिंदू और जैन ब्रह्माण्ड विज्ञान में
बर्मीज़ में जम्बुदीपा या ज़म्बुदीपा चार महाद्वीपों का दक्षिणी भाग है।
अन्य मनुष्यों के लिए सुलभ नहीं हैं। मेरु पर्वत चारों के केंद्र में स्थित
है। हमारे पास एक विशाल गुलाब का सेब का पेड़ है और साथ ही शीर्ष पर बड़े
पहाड़ और छोटे द्वीप अपतटीय हैं। इसमें हजारों शहर (पुरा) भी हैं और आम तौर
पर एक चक्कवट्टी (बर्मीज़ में सेक्यवड्डी) द्वारा शासित है। यह नक्शा लंदन
1906 में प्रकाशित सर आरसी मंदिरों “थर्टी सेवन नट” में पुन: प्रस्तुत
किया गया था।

आज 7,117 भाषाएँ बोली जाती हैं।

यह संख्या लगातार प्रवाह में है, क्योंकि हम इसके बारे में अधिक सीख रहे हैं
दुनिया की भाषाएं हर दिन। और उससे परे, स्वयं भाषाएँ
प्रवाह में हैं।

वे जीवित और गतिशील हैं, उन समुदायों द्वारा बोली जाती हैं जिनके जीवन हैं
हमारी तेजी से बदलती दुनिया द्वारा आकार दिया गया।

यह एक नाजुक समय है: लगभग 0%
भाषाएँ अब लुप्तप्राय हैं, अक्सर 1,000 से कम बोलने वालों के साथ
शेष।

इस बीच, केवल 23 भाषाओं में दुनिया की आधी से अधिक आबादी निवास करती है। https://gulfnews.com/…/census-more-than-19500-languages…के अनुसार

जब
नवजात शिशु को अलग-थलग रखा जाता है और उसके साथ कोई संवाद नहीं करता है,
तो कुछ दिनों के बाद वह एक मानवीय प्राकृतिक (प्राकृत) भाषा बोलेगा जिसे
शास्त्रीय शाश्वत और गौरवशाली परोपकारी अनुकंपा मगही मगधी / शास्त्रीय
शाश्वत और गौरवशाली मित्रवत परोपकारी चंदासो भाषा के रूप में जाना जाता है।
/मगधी प्राकृत, शास्त्रीय शाश्वत और गौरवशाली मैत्रीपूर्ण परोपकारी हेला
बासा (हेला भाषा), शास्त्रीय शाश्वत और गौरवशाली मैत्रीपूर्ण परोपकारी
अनुकंपा पाई जो समान हैं। शाश्वत और गौरवशाली मित्रवत परोपकारी अनुकंपा एक
बुद्ध ने अंदर बात की
अनन्त
और महिमामय मित्रवत परोपकारी अनुकंपा मगधी। सभी 7,139 भाषाएँ और बोलियाँ
शास्त्रीय शाश्वत और गौरवशाली मित्रवत दयालु मगही मागधी की शूटिंग हैं, जो
कर्नाटक में उत्पन्न हुई हैं। कर्नाटक वन विभाग और HOPCOMs उत्साहपूर्वक
सब्जियां और फल देने वाले पेड़ उगाते हैं, इसलिए इसे जम्बुदीपा कहा जाता
है।

 इसलिए
वे सभी शास्त्रीय शाश्वत और गौरवशाली मित्रवत परोपकारी प्रकृति (प्राकृत)
में मनुष्यों की प्रकृति (प्राकृत) हैं, जैसे अन्य सभी जीवित मसालों की
अपनी प्राकृतिक होती है
संचार के लिए भाषाएँ।
द्वारा 138 भाषाओं का अनुवाद किया जाता है



मूल

ब्रिटिश शासन के दौरान शाश्वत, गौरवशाली, मैत्रीपूर्ण, परोपकारी, दयालु जंबूदीप प्रबुद्ध भारत
🇮🇳,
कन्नड़ भाषा बोलने वाले लोग विभिन्न प्रांतों में फैले हुए थे। उन
प्रांतों में विभिन्न भाषाओं के प्रभाव में आकर, कन्नड़ भाषा का उच्चारण और
व्याकरण प्रांतों में अलग-अलग होने लगा। इससे इन प्रांतों में लोगों के
बीच संचार में अंतर पैदा हो गया, हालांकि वे कन्नड़ की एक ही भाषा बोलते
थे।

मोक्षगुंडम
विश्वेश्वरैया, जो मैसूर साम्राज्य के दीवान थे, ने कन्नड़ भाषा और
साहित्य को संरक्षित और बढ़ावा देने की आवश्यकता महसूस की। इस दिशा में
उन्होंने मैसूर आर्थिक सम्मेलन की शुरुआत की और एच. वी. नंजुंदैया की
जिम्मेदारी के तहत एक स्टडी सर्कल बनाया। स्टडी सर्कल के तहत गठित एक
उप-समिति पांच अलग-अलग विषयों के साथ आई, जिन पर सुझाव आमंत्रित किए गए थे:

विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में फैले कन्नड़ भाषियों के बीच एकता और सहयोग को बढ़ावा देने के लिए विचारों के साथ आना।

एक सामान्य लिखित कन्नड़ के लिए सुझावों के साथ आने के लिए जो विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में विविधतापूर्ण था
यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए कि कन्नड़ भाषा सीखने वाले छात्र एक सामान्य पाठ्य पुस्तक का उपयोग करें।

उपयुक्त पुस्तकें प्रकाशित करके कन्नड़ भाषी आबादी के बीच सामान्य ज्ञान में सुधार करना।

अन्य भाषाओं में प्रयुक्त शब्दों, विशेष रूप से वैज्ञानिक शब्दों के लिए उपयुक्त कन्नड़ अनुवाद के साथ आने के लिए।

उप-समिति
को जनता से अच्छी प्रतिक्रिया मिली और उसने इन सुझावों पर कार्रवाई करने
के लिए 3 मई 1915 को बैंगलोर में एक सम्मेलन आयोजित करने का निर्णय लिया।
यह सम्मेलन सरकारी हाई स्कूल के मैदान में आयोजित किया गया था और इसमें
विभिन्न क्षेत्रों के साहित्यकारों, समाचार पत्रों के संपादकों और अन्य
गणमान्य व्यक्तियों ने भाग लिया था। सम्मेलन में कन्नड़ भाषा और साहित्य के
संरक्षण और प्रचार के लिए एक जनादेश के साथ कर्नाटक साहित्य परिषद बनाने
का प्रस्ताव आया। एच. वी. नंजुंदैया को सर्वसम्मति से परिषद का अध्यक्ष
चुना गया।

मैसूर प्रांत के अलावा, कर्नाटक साहित्य परिषद मद्रास, मुंबई, हैदराबाद और कोडागु प्रांतों में एक साथ शुरू हुई थी।

उत्पत्ति शब्द वाले प्रसिद्ध उद्धरण:

“यहाँ
प्रत्येक संरचना और संस्था इतनी आदिम थी कि आप इसे एक बार इसके स्रोत के
रूप में संदर्भित कर सकते थे; लेकिन हमारी इमारतें आमतौर पर न तो उनके मूल
और न ही उनके उद्देश्य का सुझाव देती हैं।
—हेनरी डेविड थोरो (1817-1862)

“तूफानों की उत्पत्ति बादलों में नहीं होती,
हमारी बिजली तब गिरती है जब पृथ्वी उठती है,
स्पिलवेज मुक्त प्रामाणिक शक्ति:
मृत जॉन ब्राउन का शरीर एक सुरंग से चल रहा है
बख़्तरबंद और निष्कर्षित दिमाग को तोड़ने के लिए।
—म्यूरियल रुकेसर (1913-1980)

“वास्तविक,
तो, वह है जो, जल्दी या बाद में, सूचना और तर्क अंत में परिणाम देगा, और
जो इसलिए मेरे और आप की सनक से स्वतंत्र है। इस प्रकार, वास्तविकता की
अवधारणा की उत्पत्ति से पता चलता है कि इस अवधारणा में अनिवार्य रूप से एक
समुदाय की धारणा शामिल है, निश्चित सीमाओं के बिना, और ज्ञान की निश्चित
वृद्धि में सक्षम है।
—चार्ल्स सैंडर्स पियर्स (1839-1914)

JAMBUDIPA
in
Klassiek EWIG EN VERHEERLIK VRIENDELIK WELDELIK DEELNEMEND Afrikaans– Klassieke Afrikaans

“DIE GESKENK VAN DHAMMA UITSTEK ALLE ANDER GESKENKE”
— Die Here EWIGE EN VERHEERLIKE VRIENDELIKE GOEDWILLENDE DEELWYSE EEN Boeddha

GESKIEDENIS TYDLYN

Ons WAS in Ewige, Verheerlikte, Vriendelike, Welwillende, Deernisvolle JAMBUDIPA.

Ons IS in Ewige, Verheerlikte, Vriendelike, Welwillende, Deernisvolle JAMBUDIPA.

Ons gaan voort om in Ewige, Verheerlikte, Vriendelike, Welwillende, Deernisvolle JAMBUDIPA te wees.

မြန်မာဘာသာဖြင့် ဖတ်ရန်

“‘n
Birmaanse kaart van die wêreld” wat Jambudipa of die “Rose Apple
Island” wys wat die tuiste van alle mense is. In die Boeddhistiese,
Hindoe- en Jain-kosmologie is Jambudipa of Zambudipa in Birmaans die
suidelike van vier kontinente. Die ander is nie toeganklik vir mense
nie. Mount Meru staan in die middel van al vier. Ons s’n het ‘n
reuse-roosappelboom sowel as groot berge aan die bokant en klein
eilandjies in die buiteland. Dit het ook duisende stede (pura) en word
gewoonlik deur ‘n chakkavatti (sekyawaddi in Birmaans) regeer. Hierdie
kaart is weergegee in Sir RC Temples “Thirty Seven Nats” wat in Londen
1906 gepubliseer is.

7 117 tale word vandag gepraat.

Daardie getal is voortdurend aan die verander, want ons leer meer oor die
wêreld se tale elke dag. En verder, die tale self
is in vloed.

Hulle is lewendig en dinamies, gepraat deur gemeenskappe wie se lewens is
gevorm deur ons vinnig veranderende wêreld.

Dit is ‘n brose tyd: Ongeveer 0%
van tale word nou bedreig, dikwels met minder as 1 000 sprekers
oorblywende.

Intussen is net 23 tale verantwoordelik vir meer as die helfte van die wêreld se bevolking.volgens https://gulfnews.com/…/census-more-than-19500-languages…

Wanneer
‘n pasgebore baba afgesonder gehou word sonder dat iemand met die baba
kommunikeer, sal dit na ‘n paar dae ‘n menslike natuurlike (Prakrit)
taal praat wat bekend staan as Klassiek EWIG & VERHEERLIK VRIENDELIK
BENEVOLENT MEDEDELING Magahi Magadhi/Klassiek EWIG & VERHEERLIK
VRIENDELIK BENEVOLENT MEDELYKLIK Chandaso /Magadhi Prakrit,Klassieke
EWIGE & VERHEERLIKE VRIENDELIK GENEESMIDDELLIKE MEDEDELING Hela Basa
(Hela-taal), Klassieke EWIGE & VERHEERLIKE VRIENDELIK GEWELDIG
GENOOI Pāḷi wat dieselfde is. EWIGE EN VERHEERLIKE VRIENDELIKE BAIE
LIEFDELIKE EEN Boeddha het gepraat in
EWIGE
& VERHEERLIKE VRIENDELIKE GOEDLIKE DEELNEMENDE Magadhi. Al die 7
139 tale en dialekte is ver van die Klassieke EWIGE & VERHEERLIKE
VRIENDELIKE GEWELDIG MEDELYKENDE Magahi Magadhi wat in Karnataka
ontstaan het.

 Daarom
is almal van hulle Klassiek EWIG & VERHEERLIK VRIENDLIK GOEDLIKE
MEDELYKEND van aard (Prakrit) van mense, net soos alle ander lewende
spesies hul eie natuurlike
tale vir kommunikasie.
138 tale word vertaal deur



Oorsprong

Tydens die Britse bewind van ewige, verheerlikte, vriendelike, welwillende, deernisvolle Jambudipa Prabuddha Bharat
🇮🇳 ,
die mense wat Kannada-taal gepraat het, was oor verskillende provinsies
versprei. Onder die invloed van verskillende tale in daardie
provinsies, het die uitspraak en grammatika van Kannada-taal tussen
provinsies begin verskil. Dit het gelei tot ‘n gaping in kommunikasie
tussen die mense in hierdie provinsies, hoewel hulle dieselfde taal van
Kannada gepraat het.

Mokshagundam
Vishweshwaraiah, wat die Diwan van die Mysore Koninkryk was, het die
behoefte gevoel om die Kannada-taal en letterkunde te bewaar en te
bevorder. In hierdie rigting het hy die Mysore Ekonomiese Konferensie
begin en ‘n studiekring geskep onder die verantwoordelikheid van H. V.
Nanjundaiah. ‘n Subkomitee wat onder die studiekring gevorm is, het met
vyf verskillende onderwerpe vorendag gekom waaroor voorstelle uitgenooi
is:

Om
met idees vorendag te kom om eenheid en samewerking te bevorder onder
Kannada-sprekers wat oor verskillende streke versprei is.

Om vorendag te kom met voorstelle vir ‘n gemeenskaplike geskrewe Kannada wat oor verskillende streke gediversifiseer het
Om te verseker dat studente wat Kannada-taal leer, ‘n algemene handboek gebruik.

Om die algemene kennis onder die Kannadasprekende bevolking te verbeter deur toepaslike boeke te publiseer.

Om met gepaste Kannada-vertalings vorendag te kom vir woorde wat in ander tale gebruik word, veral die wetenskaplike woorde.

Die
subkomitee het goeie reaksies van die publiek ontvang en het besluit om
‘n konferensie in Bangalore op 3 Mei 1915 te reël om op hierdie
voorstelle te reageer. Die konferensie is op die terrein van die
Hoërskool Goewerment gehou en is deur littérateurs, koerantredakteurs en
ander hooggeplaastes uit verskillende streke bygewoon. Die konferensie
het met ‘n voorstel vorendag gekom om die Karnataka Sahitya Parishat te
skep met ‘n mandaat om Kannada-taal en letterkunde te bewaar en te
bevorder. H. V. Nanjundaiah is eenparig verkies om die President van die
Parishat te wees.

Afgesien
van die Mysore-provinsie, is die Karnataka Sahitya Parishat gelyktydig
in die Madras, Mumbai, Hyderabad en Kodagu provinsies begin.

Bekende aanhalings wat die woord oorsprong bevat:

“Elke
struktuur en instelling hier was so primitief dat jy dit dadelik na sy
bron kon verwys; maar ons geboue suggereer gewoonlik nie hul oorsprong
of hul doel nie.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)

“Die oorsprong van storms is nie in wolke nie,
ons weerlig slaan as die aarde styg,
oorloop gratis outentieke krag:
dood John Brown se lyk wat uit ‘n tonnel stap
om die gepantserde en geslote verstand te breek.”
—Muriel Rukeyser (1913–1980)

“Die
werklike is dus dit wat vroeër of later inligting en redenasie
uiteindelik tot gevolg sou hê, en wat dus onafhanklik is van die grille
van my en jou. Die oorsprong van die werklikheidsopvatting toon dus dat
hierdie konsepsie in wese die begrip van ‘n GEMEENSKAP behels, sonder
definitiewe perke, en in staat tot ‘n definitiewe toename van kennis.”
—Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)

We WERE in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.                     
We ARE in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.                       
 We CONTINUE to be in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.

Just 0.1% foreigners kicked out from Bene Israel 🇮🇱 etc chitpavan brahmins of Rowdy Swayam Sevaks who are number one terrorists of the world 🌎 practice
hatred, anger, jealousy, delusion, stupidity which are defilement of
the mind requiring mental treatment at mental asylums. They spread
through some non chitpavan brahmin own mother’s flesh eaters for money
and power by tampering the fraud EVMs through Free For All Mad 😡😠 murderer
of democratic institutions following hindutva manufactured by bulbul
pilot vinay dhamodar savarkar a chitpavan brahmin like godse.

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3

bvs@pacific.net.sg

economictimesspecials@indiatimes.com,speakerloksabha@sansad.nic.in,erhausen@diamondway-center.org,vipthai@hotmail.com,news@observer.co.uk,foxinyuan@hotmail.com.sg,businessqueries@hindustantimes.com,info@bodhipath.gr,Harlow@diamondway-center.org,info@carmarthenbuddhists.org.uk,sxi@sxi.edu.my,bitucson@bblabs.net,bliascgujarat@bliascgujarat.org,foohai@pacific.net.sg,Sebastopol@diamondway-center.org,ubporto@yahoo.co.uk,buddh@vortex.is,info@boeddhisme.nl,jcolby@bconnex.net,thichtinhtri@yahoo.com.vn,info@life.hafaqna.com,Dhagpo.Kagyu.Ling@Wanadoo.fr,tidbnsa@iafrica.com,tergar@mingyur-indonesia.org,kesara12000@yahoo.co.in,s.higgins@irishnews.com,dhammajaya@gmail.com,dimcibaraki@gmail.com,toshoji@nifty.com,sandra@internationalcounselling.com,nyanasamwara@gmail.com,sekretariat@zhenfozong.org,nraman69@yahoo.com,elsus@iol.it,uzzal_barua2006@yahoo.com,karuna_lib@yahoo.com,sjmf.bd@gmail.com,News@indiawest.com,info@buddhistcenter-rkina.org,cmlhalcon@yahoo.com,amtbphila@hotmail.com,gayanalok2009@gmail.com,lamarignga@gmail.com,info@cksl.in,a.furst@comcast.net,n_joshi.2004@yahoo.com,swarupbarua@yahoo.com,bliaeuro@gmx.net,zen-apen@yucom.be,dam-cching@seznam.cz,michaelbergweiler2@yahoo.de,info@edinburgh.samye.org,aaloka@AalokaBuddhistCenter.org,brcixopo@sos.co.za,fareasthope@t-online.de,bob@bellsprings.org,information@gadenshartse.net,ranjit.bodhi@me.com,k.murphy@irishnews.com,buddhistchurch.fowler@worldnet.att.net,people@examiner.ie,brzen@comcast.net,bambushain@wushan.net,ahimsa@buddhapath.com,jonathan.wald@nbc.com,info@zen-bonn.de,lingamroshi@yahoo.com,watnakprok@hotmail.com,sumedhothero@yahoo.com,baldev.raj6643@yahoo.com,suyihor@yahoo.com,enslau@ied.edu.hk,sharan017@yahoo.com,newsdesk@tamilguardian.com,rupak318@yahoo.com,info@phuket-meditation.com,dahampg@singnet.com.sg,rectoroff@mcu.ac.th,danacitta@gmail.com,buddhistlifemission@yahoo.com.sg,vajiraramaya@gmail.com,smc.retreat@gmail.com,ashinnipaka@gmail.com,info@bbfbd.org,gautamramesh09@gmail.com,gummersbach@diamandweg-center.org,scmcom@indosat.net.id,vimc_hyd@hotmail.com,gbpelpita@webstation.lk,zenko@arrakis.es,yung_chia_shih@hotmail.com,shinzanji@hotmail.com,ryatara@netti.fi,paul.crosbie@examiner.ie,pengurus@sanggar.org,web@sangye.org,anzeigen@fr-aktuell.de,mark.nelson@abc.com,info@chanmyaysin.org,amsterdam@diamantweg-boeddhisme.nl,diemle1935@yahoo.co.au,upulnilambe@yahoo.com,ddm@ms15.hinet.net,afr0000s@teleline.es,utrecht@diamantweg-boeddhisme.nl,dllisboa@rimay.net,Ravensburg-South@diamondway-center.org,preman@t-online.de,dcoverseas@hotmail.com,botdetubodhi@Gmail.com,Info@Epatrika.Com,beatrice.hamel@compaqnet.fr,support@vajrasecrets.com,kc@kagyu-sfla.org,dojo_mokusho@yahoo.it,Buddhabrat@me.com,besichtigung@fr-aktuell.de,meditateinqueens@aol.com,selamat@bogor.wasantara.net.id,blmitra@hotmail.com,arjapriyobk.rbss@yahoo.com,gwillis@atpco.com,kahon@pc.jaring.my,contact@lefigaro.fr,s.oreilly@irishnews.com,info@centromaitri.com,brevard@bffct.net,jcameron3@tampabay.rr.com,zzbzurich@datacomm.ch,,Rotterdam@diamantweg-boeddhisme.nl,info@bohichayrana.org,supportbtm@buddhatriratnamission.org.in,w11344@mbox.kyoto-inet.or.jp,karad@pudhari.co.in,admin@beowhianglim.net,mahasi-vgn@mptmail.net.mm,k.voelker@fr-aktuell.de,davidlgreeley@mei.net,jebit@web.de,info@athenszen.org,info@sjwo.org,tunkubd@yahoo.com,TIMES_TOP@hotmail.com,tapassi_91@hotmail.com,Wattanaa@hotmail.com,pannya_world_bdb@yahoo.com,mettalodgebcj@yahoo.com,somniengangkor@yahoo.com,info@brahmaviharas.org,gary@bloomingdesertlotus.org,alaskabuddhistcenter@gmail.com,english@ordinationrthai.org,info@tzuchi-org.sg,meredith.white@abc.com,r.oneill@irishnews.com,k.volz@fr-aktuell.de,kontakt@zen-gruppe-leverkusen.de,center@fpmtmongolia.mn,smkhisti__ngp@yahoo.co.in,anne.berot@examiner.ie,arena@examiner.ie,westland1@el.net.my,pethubmongolia@agicnet.mn,mba.hq@mbahq.my,info@fpmtmba.org.hk,zenklausen@t-online.de,sabujbarua1@yahoo.com,lvaun@undp.org,info@alltagsgeist.de,jinsiufa@ms3.hinet.net,info@bodhihearts.net,AkasaLeviZZ@msn.com,crwww@mahidol.ac.th,skb_cu@yahoo.com,mudita.center@yahoo.com,chamma@telus.net,timbrowning@netspace.net.au,admin@zencenterphil.org,info@wushan.net,Zenweg_Buddhaweg@t-online.de,ratanasiri@yahoo.com,virginia.moseley@abc.com,news@daily-sun.com,hanmaum@buddhapia.co.kr,eiwenchang@netzero.net,aharvey@clarechampion.iee,kinryuji@mb.infoweb.ne.jp,info@bodhidharma.sch.id,dsangha@gol.com,shahanarakkhit@gmail.com,au.chet@aon.at,hpbthree@earthlink.net,ipangnaloka@hotmail.com,piyobhaso@hotmail.com,accounting@huahintoday.com,lutsk@buddhism.org.ua,mahavira_graha@hotmail.com,htbakti@hotmail.com,tsme.santoshjadhav@rediffmail.com,henrymalar@gmail.com,boosarpoo@gmail.com,compassion1wisdom@gmail.com,eco@ntv.co.jp,greece@un.int,nono28@nate.com,zen@zazen.de,kscosmos@wonkwang.ac.kr,sodan@nichiren.or.jp,zenatmosphere@gmail.com,sumedho@dhammacitta.org,Tisaranabuddhistassociation.au@gmail.com,info@honmonji.jp,vijaysurdkar@gmail.com,admin@lhm.org.sg,editor@tamilguardian.com,letters@usatoday.com,ktl@dhagpo-kagyu.org,dharmadaana@yahoo.com,,lpren@caltalk.cal.org,visuddhaloka@gmail.com,theravadaacademy@gmail.com,indianbuddhist@rediffmail.com,corruptionfreeindia@yahoogroups.com,dhamma.rain@msa.hinet.net,ketepola@yahoo.com,eva.chocova@volny.cz,n.doran@irishnews.com,yeodiamond@naver.com,cochs@ap.org,bford@pixie.co.za,nirodhatrust@me.com,buddhist@essex.ac.uk,nepal@un.in,stockholm@dzogchencentre.org,saraha_jb@hotmail.com,info@enjoymeditation.org,contreeside@gmail.com,navayani_elina@yahoo.com,ena@diamondway-center.org,ibsnsw@gmail.com,meditate@birken.ca,halscheid-retreat@web.de,counter@examiner.ie,mlbd@vsnl.com,info@bristol-buddhist-centre.fsnet.co.uk,dojozenmarseille@free.fr,feedback@dailynewsactivist.com,dhamma@sltnet.lk,webmaster@vbgnet.org,lkokkee@tm.net.my,info@the-buddhist.co.cc,ascj@warthog.ru.ac.za,contact@secangkirteh.com,Dharmaling-Slovenia@dharmaling.net,mail@uttm.com,Contact@afp.co,etempier@free.fr,granada@diamondway-center.org,AFR00001@teleline.es,Eschwege@diamondway-center.org,drukpakargyu@worldcom.ch,akaikyo@jodo.org,lumbinidt@info.com.np,zen@alaska.net,olivier@icon.co.za,info@dinakaran.com,info@bodhimonastery.net,dhammalee@hanmail.com,tamaoh24@gmail.com,BANDOOLAMYANMAR@mtp400.stems.com,info@amtb-usa.org,jjjagajjyotiviharsabha@yahoo.in,samrataurangabad@rediffmail.com,dagshangkagyu@yahoo.es,dolstarbd@yahoo.com,Heidelberg-Leimen@diamondway-center.org,devotee@watphaitasom.com,dodhd1223@education-one.pro,foreign.news@thetimes.co.uk,ferranti@vsnl.net,udompon9@hotmail.com,info@oaktreesangha.org,dhammissara@aol.com,merigar@amiata.net,newsdesk@flashnews.com,contactus@shenlun.org,Bodhi.Vyskov@seznam.cz,limburgerhof@diamondway-center.org,blia@asiaaccess.net.th,Pula@diamondway-center.org,revamy@pacific.net.sg,duncanm@lineone.net,david@demko.com,wh@germany-live.de,fgsamus4r@fgs.org.tw,tast@fr-aktuell.de,h.klein@fr-aktuell.de,sixmarigold@cs.com,subs@examiner.ie,betriebsrat@fr-aktuell.de,kntl@9online.fr,arupa_bd@yahoo.com,gaiahouse@gn.apc.org,mgirijaraghavanls@gmail.com,info@tphathue.de,zaanhuu@magicnet.mn,p_bhante@hotmail.com,nayantanchangya@yahoo.com,stinson@irishnews.com,altavg@rediffmail.com,jolupemo@interbook.net,sokai@zenarizona.com,bz-wien@diamantweg.at,info@cambridgebuddhistsociety.org.uk,hallo@sgi-sa.org.za,ktl.vorarlberg@vol.at,bodhin@hotmail.com,baubiologie.burfeid@t-online.de,info@zen-gruppe-bochum.de,info@jnanasenbuddhistmc.org,dojozenb@lander.es,info@jikoji.com,info@edinburghbuddhistcentre.org.uk,sadparamita@hotmail.com,ny@amitabhafoundation.us,support@answers.com,magazine@observer.co.uk,anneliesvdh@gmail.com,dhanajikamble@gmail.com,drjiwane@gmail.com,hello@mail.scribd.com,thangjamsanjoo42@gmail.com,county@examiner.ie,jayamangala.bv@gmail.com,zurich@buddhismus.org,hylocichla@aol.com,pragyachakshubgt@gmail.com,nyanaponika@gmx.de,LSBA.Singapore@gmail.com,library@amitabhalibrary.org,ktclmalaysia@gmail.com,rsspracharak@gmail.com,bodhi_sabha@yahoo.co.in,govito@ymail.com,vinodkiran@hotmail.com,lisa.hsia@nbc.com,nasimzaidi@eci.gov.in,amlan.barik@gmail.com,feeleynews@aol.com,fgy-ilo@skyinet.net,info@judiciary.go.ke,dn@sridaladamaligawa.lk,info@eiab.eu,d.fitzpatrick@irishnews.com,aikijutsu@comcast.net,info@gbf.co.in,maha@mahapali.com,,kch.asoka@gmail.com,office@rahulgandhi.in,ugandabuddhistcentre@gmail.com,medicineofbuddha@gmail.com,info@ewam.it,abvt02@rediffmail.com,barnstaple@dechen.org,RodeAngelika@aol.com,projayadevacardiology@gmail.com,mahabodhilibrary1@gmail.com,calincalamar@yahoo.com,abvtworld@gmail.com,info@meditateinkl.org,anbumalar89@gmail.com,ralphberold@gmail.com,dhammarama@seznam.cz,bodaikhan@yahoo.com,g.ohlig@web.de,pravin_wankhade25@yahoo.com,vhr.girimanggala@gmail.com,vimutti.atba@gmail.com,chandima1984@gmail.com,wkassapa@hotmail.com,urgen_lama@hotmail.com,AluthgamaPansala@gmail.com,uma_shankar@hotmail.com,buddhismus.berlin@gmail.com,amit.nandeshwar@gmail.com,kuanyintemple@yahoo.com,info@cyberalert.com,genkaiji@gmail.com,egbudcul@singnet.com.sg,priyatissa_bmonk@yahoo.com,dhammamaster@gmail.com,shanyou@shanyou.org.sg,martinking@dinamalar.in,kshitigarbha@singnet.com.sg,infoy@rinzai.dk,info@kadamchoeling.or.id,info@casadeltibetbcn.org,methtv@gmail.com,apps@newgenmedia.in,lerab.ling@rigpa.org,gyutomonastery@yahoo.com,kakdiriata@gmail.com,czechrepublic@un.int,secretary@austintemple.org,redaktion@tip-berlin.de,ratanasiri2002@gmail.com,palyul@gmx.de,l_chuluunbaatar@yahoo.com,hegdebm@gmail.com,cchhkkdd@gmail.com,bodhiraj@singnet.com.sg,aval@vikatan.com,wilsonm@shns.com,vudumanx@gmail.com,anomabd@gmail.com,manithan@manithan.com,jenokela@yahoo.com,marju.broder@gmail.com,bhartiyadp@yahoo.in,doctor@vikatan.com,lankabuddhist@gmail.com,anthea.west1@gmail.com,cormkt@mweb.co.za,BlevinsTnnesen.msn@email2.microsoft.com,palipathsansthamumbai@yahoo.in,bernardh@eircom.net,lithuania@un.int,jsandhya@gmail.com,contacts@vajra-yogini.com,dalitconference@googlegroups.com,pongpara2003@gmail.com,casatibetmexico@casatibet.org.mx,strehan@hindustantimes.com,shedrupling@hotmail.com,renci@renci.org.sg,arts@examiner.ie,info@worldbuddhistradio.com,webmaster@wat-thaton.org,lib-archives@buffalo.edu,serajeysingapore@yahoo.com.sg,mohinder_san@yahoo.in,info@palden-dharma-tare.de,datar.prasad@gmail.com,info@khetta.dhamma.org,sbvtdhamma@gmail.com,contact@meditatie.ro,muriel.pearson@abc.com,vimokkha@hotmail.com,enquiry@pujisi.org.sg,realitycheck@cbsnews.com,lalhgehi@yahoo.com,malar@ladiesspecial.com,rinpoche@mail.com.np,pdborkar@hotmail.com,brigitte.huzly@gmx.de,tp101@yahoogroups.com,info@austinzencenter.org,maltesh.motebennur@gmail.com,stavanger@buddhisme.no,dh.anandshakya@yahoo.com,info@buddhisttexts.org,manager@sota.dhamma.org,suduhamineduwa@gmail.com,sgaciclt@gmail.com,info@vajrayana.it,meditationinlancaster@gmail.com,bps@nc.metta.lk,jyotsnavardhan68@gmail.com,2009bliss@gmail.com,dzogdus@aol.com,virginabv@yahoo.com,ratnagiri@pudhari.co.in,kudaa.cei@yahoo.com,dhammarr@yahoo.com,dhammodaya@yahoo.ca,pratimbarua@hotmail.com,admin@blia.org.sg,bccuk07@gmail.com,redaktion@gujba.com,devananda@web.de,office@fpmttc.org.tw,mayagotami@watpahsunan.org,ivt@netvision.net.il,sangli@pudhari.co.in,m.kalff@access.ch,bz.info@dharmakya.de,Rumia@diamondway-center.org,csupport@vipassana.com,tenzing@telstra.easymail.com.au,mwobd@mwobd.org,,don_weerasiri@mail.tait.co.nz,myanmar@un.int,madalbd@yahoo.com,sathi2500@yahoo.com,towardsliberation@yahoo.com,viduminamaratugoda@yahoo.uk,hong-kong@drukpa-kargyud.org,pengurus@kmbui.net,s.r.laxmana@gmail.com,canberra@rigpa.org.au,today@news.nbc.com,foundersoffice@yourstory.com,dhyaanguruji@gmail.com,

4

mangesh_dahiwale@yahoo.com

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er.lu,dskvigo@hotmail.com,wcmc@slingshot.co.nz,news@channel4.co.uk,inquiry@exoticindiaart.com,mkgsales@sph.com.sg,info@vasanth.tv,ryetr1967@gmail.com,bookstore@pariyatti.org,ask@socialmediaandsociety.org,letterschennai@newindianexpress.com,nigel@peerassisted.org,indohistory@indohistory.com,rameshkumarv@cutn.ac.in,malaimurasunellai@gmail.com.my,surendra_desh@indiatimes.com,mance031@yahho.com,mauro@vsnl.com,bbfkalyan@rediffmail.com,ratnashripj@gmail.com,editor@chiangmai-mail.com,dir.ppr@isro.gov.in,sbtips@gmail.com,webdeveloper@viduthalai.in,usa@un.int,datacentre@liser.lu,info@tergar.org,it@liser.lu,Firstname.lastname@theguardian.com,charishma.yeshitha@gmail.com,bodhis.shadow@gmail.com,cpc-asm@aij.gov.in,support@italki.com,sales1@translation-services-usa.com,review@theguardian.com,admin@bswa.org,arts@theguardian.com,cpc-jhr@aij.gov.in,becky.clay@reachplc.com,sri_sabs@yahoo.co.in,cpc-raj@aij.gov.in,marketing@tdci.co.in,christchurch@zen.org.nz,hanau@fr-aktuell.de,Katowice@diamondway-center.org,Odessa@diamondway-center.org,Ulm@diamondway-center.org,Valencia@diamondway-center.org,Lodz@diamondway-center.org,bluws@watthai.net,bremen@diamondway-center.org,gent@diamondway-center.org,StGallen@diamondway-center.org,info@cbd.pt,Gyor@diamondway-center.org,Sevilla@diamondway-center.org,LasVegas@diamondway-center.org,Jaideep.dahiya@hindustantimes.com,info@samkoindia.com,picturedesk@mirror.co.uk,wyattbrockbank@uiowa.edu,hello@lanka.com,cooperativesonline@cipc.co.za,mirrornews@mirror.co.uk,info@khmerkrom.org.au,dharmaNetworkparis@club-internet.fre,info@ngagyurnyingmapa.org,info@indiannativebuddhism.org,lesotho@un.int,kanpursb@yahoo.com,ravikumarbevinagidad@gmail.com,7.30syd@your.abc.net.au,thichthongchieu@msn.com,sales@nrsc.gov.in,cpc-mgl@aij.gov.in,sarvajanow@yahoo.co.in,beth@tergar.org,mturnoy@gmail.com,kachalong@gmail.com,support@joox.com,Passau@diamondway-center.org,orebro@diamondway-center.org,Biel@diamondway-center.org,rashmi.mabiyan@timesinternet.in,

5

shibutsa@yahoo.co.in

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f@gmail.com,buddhalokainfo@gmail.com,mel@tzuchi.org.au,administrator@bcv.org.au,wbu@bdcu.org.au,cmpmg@y7mail.com,gcaitcheon@gmail.com,info@canberrainsightmeditationgroup.org,nelson38@optusnet.com.au,hamsa@westnet.com.au,info@chagtong.org,kushinaranibbana@gmail.com,mhmabe@yahoo.com,reiyukai8thbranchbd@gmail.com,krose@cnu.edu,nantu_b@hotmail.com,personnel@irishnews.com,ykshashtri@gmail.com,theravada.samadhi@gmail.com,kgmoabang@gmail.com,samuifasting@hotmail.com,correo@sotozencolombia.org,sbharatgkp@gmail.com,casadedharma@yahoo.com.br,hello@yourselfquotes.com,info@meditateinnottingham.org,malaysia@un.int,rigpa@rigpabrisbane.org,bbbmahasabha1753@yahoo.com,info@ke.dhamma.org,office@bmzc.org,busamajshiksha@gmail.com,dimc_uae@hotmail.com,meditacioamallorca@gmail.com,vajrabuddhist@gmail.oom,deanwooding@gmail.com,t0054856@seed.net.tw,annastaszwska@yahoo.com,dewain2419@hotmail.com,News_Europe@InsideApple.Apple.com,viengiacins@vsnl.net,Rostock@diamondway-center.org,enquiry@watthaikusinara.org,Znojmo@diamondway-center.org,Austin@diamondway-center.org,dmyl@maxis.net,inquiry@bbac.ca,renukas@del2.vsnl.net.in,cid@mobilixnet.dk,Heidelberg-Mitte@diamondway-center.org,Gorzow@diamondway-center.org,leipzig@diamondway-center.org,info@infobuddhis.com,updates@academia-mail.com,info@gyudmedschool.com,gohschai@streamyx.com,buddhalc@hol.gr,Budapest@diamondway-center.org,Geneva@diamondway-center.org,Botucatu@diamondway-center.org,Waldshut@diamondway-center.org,Itzehoe@diamondway-center.org,Kiev@diamondway-center.org,Bydgoszcz@diamondway-center.org,Krefeld@diamondway-center.org,danchu@vol.vnn.vn,Vyskov@diamondway-center.org,Ropki@diamondway-center.org,feedback@galattacinema.com,Melitopol@diamondway-center.org,baruadp52@gmail.net,mbs@musa.monash.edu.my,ingela.fagerstrom@carllamm.se,Munich@diamondway-center.org,info@gebisociety.org,bels@bels.kr,Madrid@diamondway-center.org,info@wisdomwinds.com,sbwsociety2@sifymail.com,Hranice-na-Morave@diamondway-center.org,Unna@diamondway-center.org,gautambookcenter@gmail.com,Bergedorf@diamondway-center.org,Montevideo@diamondway-center.org,genpo@shoboji.de,kandubod@sltnet.lk,Kaiserslautern@diamondway-center.org,PortoAlegre@diamondway-center.org,Piestany@diamondway-center.org,editor@kadapatha.com,Krakow@diamondway-center.org,KarmaGuen@diamondway-center.org,Oslo@diamondway-center.org,Koblenz@diamondway-center.org,BerchenLing@diamondway-center.org,Amden@diamondway-center.org,Kiel@diamondway-center.org,Gyonygyos@diamondway-center.org,vipassanameditationandbuddhism@groups.msn.com,malmoe@diamondway-center.org,info@thebodhicenter.org,Bochum@diamondway-center.org,cpc-guj@aij.gov.in,Aarhus@diamondway-center.org,cortland@tergar.org,rkkofkolkata@gmail.com,hello@amidamandala.com,webmaster@rtl.de,info@meditateinwestlake.org,mybudherm@tm.net.my,mail@antena3.com,Caracas@diamondway-center.org,neo-jb@nalanda.org,LosAngeles@diamondway-center.org,panditarama@mptmail.net.mm,info@zen-deshimaru.com.ar,stella.dawson@reuters.com,ashokamission@gmail.com,news@dailymail.co.uk,saludrebelde@yahoo.com.ar,vasant_sardesai@yahoo.co.in,cycling@vodafone.com,salvador@cebb.org.br,shami.eisen@gmail.com,yogienter@aol.com,serajeyusa@yahoo.com,cpc-jk@aij.gov.in,inews@zeemedia.esselgroup.com,info@haustao.ch,rcbiz.co@gmail.com,kassapa_indrasiri@yahoo.com,info@browardlotussangha.org,nhrc.india@nic.in,iscs3assoc@aol.com,canterburybuddhistgroup@gmail.com,acbc@isplanka.lk,azbt@ptd.net,jongmae@ibs-usa.org,budhha_dharma_centre@hotmail.com,info@meditateinjb.org,ybamswk@yahoo.com,venkattpublish@gmail.com,info@meditation-in-frankfurt.de,bmedws@singnet.com.sg,drtpvs@rediffmail.com,koeln@kwanumzen.de,jsandhya@gmail.com,sportsdesk@irishnews.com,ally@peerassisted.org,iins@iins.org,onlines@kalkiweekly.com,rev.chikwang@gmail.com,office@aiblp.org.au,ibpsholland@gmail.com,ssinghbhu@gmail.com,ostritchsathya@gmail.com,buddhismtodayinc@yahoo.com,tzuchisyd@hotmail.com,,W_Vajira@hotmail.com,webmaster@mahakaruna.de,dmchk@netvigator.com,jpdministrator@goldenlandpages.com,webmaster@dnaindia.net,chagdud@chagdud.org,dorjeling@onda.com.br,sidharta@entelchile.net,ddrum@magix.com.sg,hungary@un.int,revathi_dance02@yahoo.com,swinunibuddha@yahoo.com,david_paul96789@yahoo.com,info@tibet-lahr.de,Mahathero@Dharmavihara.com,contato@budismotibetanodf.org,siba@sakya.com.au,info@mahamevnawa.org.au,panha@pal.nsw.edu.au,inquiries@greatliberation.org,hello@scribd.com,byoma@wlink.com.np,,info@meditateinsydney.org,milarepabuddhistcentre@gmail.com,forestway@bigpond.com,nbc@rigdzintrust.org,gm.arama@reincarnate.com,info@padma.org.au,ddmsydney@gmail.com,admin@dhammakaya.net.au,nyimatashi.nz@gmail.com,tashicholing@yahoo.com,spt072@gmail.com,caretaker@jhanagrove.org.au,bengalbuddhistassociation@hotmail.com,director@dhargyey.org.nz,info@quangminh.org.au,admin@auskadhampa.org.au,lorraine.rastorfer@gmail.com,k.devika382om@gmail.com,dharmafarer@gmail.com,easyhelp@nhkcma.com,anilvijayabank@gmail.com,info@britannica.co.jp,sanskrit.trikashaivism@gmail.com,sheikhmhamadalmaghribi@gmail.com,cibsladakh@gmail.com,blue.namdrolling@gmail.com,alokamc@gmail.com,patil.gautam779@gmail.com,daun50@hotmail.com,jinwol@korea.com,contact@mahasatipatthana.org,bcfofsouthindia@gmail.com,Ben.crooks@reachplc.com,news@msnbc.com,caf@un.int,dcvsan@gmail.com,lberwa47@gmail.com,btsvoice@gmail.com,armadale@bswa.org,bahujantimes@yahoo.com,Hagen@diamondway-center.org,webmaster@galatta.com,abkaots@gmail.com,mongolia@un.int,endhammanag@gmail.com,naiduniaadvt@gmail.com,bahujanhitaybahujansukhayfound@gmail.com,Reutlingen@diamondway-center.org,ittimonta@hotmail.com,babu_762002@yahoo.com,gisela.meese@t-online.de,shakya_singh@yahoo.com,pedgyal@hotmail.com,gwsubs@theguardian.com,mahayana@uol.com.br,admin@asokakyaung.com,gramshaw@newshour.org,lccstemple@yahoo.com,suspicious@account.pinterest.com,gstpebranch@yahoo.com,contact@howlingpixel.com,Freiburg@diamondway-center.org,Minsk@diamondway-center.org,Karlsruhe@diamondway-center.org,dharma@igrin.co.nz,eveline@earthhouse.com.au,sagarmahesh@indiatimes.com,bmi@dhammacenter.org,ratanasiri@nirvanafan.com,Perth@diamondway-center.org,Czestochowa@diamondway-center.org,teambbsc@gmail.com,Marbella@diamondway-center.org,Osnabrueck@diamondway-center.org,sathyam@tamilnation.com,ele-ross@wave.co.nz,trashigomang@xtra.co.nz,meshram@rediffmail.com,norbucholingcentre@yahoo.com.sg,harshvardan@sansad.nic.in,centro_lotus@geocities.com,sangha@odsal-ling.org.au,ulli.kienzler@t-online.de,tsechen@optusnet.com.au,laos@un.int,tlky@netvigator.com,support@budinst.gov.kh,tewang@optusnet.com.au,sunup2080@hanmail.net,Valencia-Spain@diamondway-center.org,MexicoCity-South@diamondway-center.org,atechesq@teletel.com.ar,k.krenzer@fr-aktuell.de,atisha@meditation-geneve.org,michaelchen@maharts.com.au,buddha-dharma@a1.net,watkhmervaranasi@yahaoo.com,tashigar@datacoopcordoba.com.ar,Info@bdms.org.sg,secretaria@shaolin-cwt.org,banwainfo@kadamchoeling.org,btzuchi@tzuchimalacca.com,Brussels@diamondway-center.or,hn@ycombinator.com,info@dhammasati.org,webmaster@icj-cij.org,webinfo@ilo.org,info@theguardianfoundation.org,InfoDesk@ohchr.org,info@shiwacenter.org,info@buddhabhumi.org,abstemple@gmail.com,Bologna@diamondway-center.org,buddharama-temple@thaiways.com,Landshut@diamondway-center.org, quelledesmitgefuehls@t-online.de,

6

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ahoo.com,info@adelaidetriratna.com,welcome@hmt.org.au,info@nkt-kmc-singapore.org,nainoab@yahoo.com,aryapuneet@yahoo.com,fms@famensi.com,abenitez@univision.net,technews@reachplc.com,info@zenbarcelona.com,jerrypardiwala@gmail.com,a@iki.fi,amy_ow@hotmail.com,hussain_sa1978@yahoo.com,punathilk@hotmail.com,nyima_gyalmo@bluewin.ch,editor@birn.eu.com,centromeditacion@drikungkagyu.cl,tmauney@wtp.net,ftn@cbsnews.com,info@danakosha.fi,info@meditateinpalmerstonnorth.org,kmurthy.bodh@gmail.com,jogesh69@yahoo.com,lcbuddha@yahoo.com,bulgaria@un.int,zen-deutschland@web.de,bharatkhabarweb@gmail.com,kmcspain@kadampa.org,eitctour@gmail.com,prameshjds@gmail.com,yayasan@mahavihara-mojopahit.or.id,colombia@anumodana.org,recife@nalanda.org.br,sakya.stuttgart@gmail.com,mk_parmar_india@yahoo.in,e.appamada@gmail.com,foguangshanchristchurch@gmail.com,srenivasaboudh@gmail.com,office@atishacentre.org.au,informacion@budismo-valencia.com,chandra1942@icloud.com,rithy@xtra.co.nz,wat@bodhisaddha.org,jp@apex.net.au,quentingenshu@gmail.com,office@si.org.au,info@lkpy.org,shenpenling@hotmail.com,melbourne@dzogchen.org.au,info@buddhistlibrary.org.au,indonesia@un.int,retreat@temoata.org,tabletsupport@reachplc.com,info@84000.co,education@theguardian.com,rongtonbrisbane@gmail.com,canberra@jikishoan.org.au,palitharamaya@gmail.com,tgellek@gmail.com,ckantariya@hotmail.com,Roman97@live.com,triyana.dharma@gmail.com,bitst@aol.com,chonen_gallagher@hotmail.com,info@mahamevnawa.lk,yunt@telkomsa.net,delhi@drukpa-kargyud.org,zen-kreis-harmonieundfrieden@t-online.de,akashshah@legalserviceindia.com,info@panditarama-lumbini.info,zendojo-sb@web.de,dalit_edu@yahoogroups.com,,info@royalbulletin.com,phanomd@netzero.net,londoncentre@agon.org.uk,vensarada@ymail.com,yakorn24@yahoo.com,info@bisds.org,info@gemabudhi.net,jundotreeleaf@gmail.org,nileshchavan@yahoo.com,info@amitabhasociety.org,milindsagare1@gmail.com,,enquiry@hkbuddhist.org,info@haiinn.org,info@mindfulness-israel.org,info@choka-sangha.de,bvd_pvvd@mailcity.com,scheduling.deoghar@prabhatkhabar.in,money@theguardian.com,sithtila1976@gmail.com,kontakt@seminarhaus-neu-schoenau.de,631060868@zoomcrc.com,zen@wilkenings.com,SantaFe@diamondway-center.org,submissions@wwmedia.net,bhavanam@sltnet.lk,ldc01@streamyx.com,Edmonton@diamondway-center.org,gyanjyotibuddhavihar@gmail.com,Basel@diamondway-center.org,Debrecen@diamondway-center.org,info@phdizone.com,asoka@gononet.com,mcurtis@njn.org,Visbek@diamondway-center.org,TelAviv@diamondway-center.org,disa@dhammakaya.org.au,karen-kold@gmx.de,lpo-poetry@buffalo.edu,watchetawan@gmail.com,bala@dinamalar.in,saravanan941979@gmail.com,gotamikl@gmail.com,samir.jkhanna@gmail.com,bubsoc@yahoo.com,complaindmca@yahoo.com,office@vajrayana.com.au,budistasargentinos@hotmail.com,roxihernandez@yahoo.com,manju9@hotmail.com,contato@meditarbh.org.br,buddhismorime@gmail.com,info@drikungkagyu.com.ar,yamantaka@cable.net.co,Centrozenmendoza@gmail.com,chagdudgonpa@gmail.com,liancheekek@yahoo.com.sg,news@cbc.ca,thienvientuecan@yahoo.com.au,info@srilankanvihara.org.au,bbms_bgd@yahoo.com,sangha@nsparaguay.org,unsho@yahoo.com,dojo_gensei@yahoo.com,cali@fundacionzen.org,medellin@fundacionzen.org,pereira@fundacionzen.org,contact@thebalance.com,info-bl@successconsciousness.com,sales@360researchreports.com,monjacoen@hotmail.com,andrescorderob@hotmail.com,office@ktc.org.br,ktt@kttbrasil.org,bosquedeltao@gmail.com,mosteiro@sociedadebudistadobrasil.org,nalanda@nalanda.org.br,rslconce@gmail.com,arturonoguni@hotmail.com,aryasattva@gmail.com,info@ve.dhamma.org,viazen@viazen.org.br,yogisaraha@gmail.com,eseizan@hotmail.com,zen.en.movimiento@gmail.com,bosquedeltao@gmail.com,caminodeldiamantechile@gmail.com,rio@cebb.org.br,jangchub.ling@gmail.com,info@centro-syz.org,culturadhamma@gmail.com,info@budismozen.org,info@budismozen.org,ceakairos@gmail.com,budistas_bjuarez@hotmail.com,buddhisminbrazil@hotmail.com,institutobudista@gmail.com,iarizaga@rocketmail.com,gelek.dirk@gmail.com,introspectiva.uruguay@gmail.com,nichirenshu@gmail.com,sanghazenbahia@gmail.com,cuenca.shambhala@gmail.com,cuenca.shambhala@gmail.com,faleconosco@sociedadevipassana.org.br,abba.perth@gmail.com,abrc.information@gmail.com,sswami99@gmail.com,nagdads@yahoo.com,benjhla@hotmail.com,CloudPlatform-noreply@google.com,aachen@drikung.de,eapenajit@gmail.com,amitabhainseattle@gmail.com,goutham@pgrexports.com,d.girolami@tin.it,contact@drambedkarbooks.com,buddhamind@sbcglobal.net,capetownmeditation@hotmail.com,info@buddhistcc.com,,nam95@live.com,sunita@sunitav.net,hmonji@orange.fr,,dharma@hwcn.org,centrebouddhique@yahoo.fr,,buddha.vpt@gmail.com,cre8ors@aol.com,info@ekayana.or.id,,southafrica@un.int,s2MahaBodhi@gmail.com,seouldharmagroup@gmail.com,milindjiwane_buddha@yahoo.co.in,yadmp@yahoo.com,koeln@kwanumzen.de,info@khamtrul.org,info@pataka.dhamma.org,Info@chiangmaicitylife.com,info@aucklandzen.org.nz,ranjith_sutari@yahoo.co.in,buddhambedkar@gmail.com,sanghamitrapress@gmail.com,info@HuaYenUSA.org,quangduc@quangduc.com,press@memrise.com,budaguate@gmail.com,crsv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,Pisek@diamondway-center.org,naracoorte@diamondway-center.org,Landshut@diamondway-center.org,mupali@sltnet.lk,Sofia@diamondway-center.org,ldc01@streamyx.com,Odense@diamondway-center.org,admin@dargye-ling.com,goteborg@diamondway-center.org,info@slbvc.org,Hannover@diamondway-center.org,info@buddhistmahavihara.com,info@olostays.com,kclung@streamyx.com,nightly@news.nbc.com,azz@luzserena.net,Giessen@diamondway-center.org,letters@tehelka.com,Stakhanov@diamondway-center.org,Augsburg@diamondway-center.org,Aachen@diamondway-center.org,Portland@diamondway-center.org,Muschau@diamondway-center.org,zencaracas@latinmail.com,TarnowskieGory@diamondway-center.org,asoka@gononet.com,tbhpi@optusnet.com.au,fahua@singnet.com.sg,zen@gmx.info,news@jayanetwork.in,webmaster@dinamalar.in,cohen@bloomberg.net,infozencentre@gmail.com.au,watthai_b@yahoo.com,hees7808@hanmai.net,justzen@bigpond.com,Heide@diamondway-center.org,pippa.leedow@deakin.edu.au,Jurata@diamondway-center.org,Kirovograd@diamondway-center.org,ibpsbr@osite.com.br,Webmaster@sikhlionz.com,lbender@unicef.org,sbtcc@dialdata.com.br,einkauf@fr-aktuell.de,krose@gtu.edu,bahujantimes@yahgroops.com,baur@utanet.at,now@post.tele.dk,santacittarama@libero.it,info@sunmountainzen.org,dalmaom@hanmail.com,sati@pannarama.net.nz,je88@comcast.net,brocke@winterberg.de,gpling@galactica.it,Karmapa@Iafrica.com,info@yongkai.org,manfred.maier@swol.de,Fredericia@diamondway-center.org,KKherson@diamondway-center.org,Medellin-PatioBonito@diamondway-center.org,anne.dierckx@skynet.be,Passau-West@diamondway-center.org,Okanagan@diamondway-center.org,v@vikatan.com,saudiarabia@un.int,leguen@infomaniak.ch,alan.evans@theguardian.com,kilkerry@openlink.com.br,ako.haus@t-online.de,ijunleyteoh@yahoo.com,direktion@zen-peacemaker-orden.de,inquiries@un.org,partha@dinamani.com,Khunzang.lhamo242013@gmail.com,admin@indianabuddhit.org,jreston@mediaforce.co.uk,dpbauddha@yahoo.co.in,cbspeaceculture@yahoo.fr,dwarakanath.chokka@gmail.com,abc@meditationincolorado.org,info@pbms.org.my,jgdinc@attglobal.net,zen-mail@zen-azi.org,editor@ibnlive.com,portland@diamondway.org,Cali@diamondway-center.org,contact@sydneyinsightmeditators.org,bhavanam@sltnet.lk,,,,,,,,nzmembershipsupport@theguardian.com,bvtdhamma@yahoo.co.in,,radio@rangiri.com,j.hulshoffpol@tip.nl,shinko@clear.net.nz,eileen.oleary@examiner.ie,editors@dreamgrow.ee,missionpa@vsnl.net,dojo@zenGirona.net,Zen-Zentrum.Eisenbuch@t-online.de,Gniezno@diamondway-center.org,askdinamani@dinamani.com,

9

jchandrasekharan@yahoo.com

ottama2000@yahoo.co.uk,h_turkkan@yahoo.com,au.vihara_watugong@yahoo.com,Tarutino@diamondway-center.org,daikei@mb.infoweb.ne.jp,nyingma@nyingma.com.br,info@budinst.gov.kh,planet_s101@rediffmail.com,sangha@nshi.org,admin@kasthuritv.co.in,ooreagan@clarechampion.ie,sgalvin@clarechamn.ie,samadhibuddhistvihara@org.nz,Turku@diamondway-center.org,ktrade@abnetbd.com,,Poznan@diamondway-center.org,inform@freetranslator.com,Prague@diamondway-center.org,info@kanaal2.be,Luebeck@diamondway-center.org,631060868@zoomcrc.com,info@dharmakaya.de,athens-acropolis@diamondway-center.org,Kempten@diamondway-center.org,admin@pamc.org,Edmonton@diamondway-center.org,Lubaczow@diamondway-center.org,Opole@diamondway-center.org,,letters@examiner.com,info@tibetanlama.com,,ibps_lisboa@fgs.org.tw,contact@buddhistbliss.org,contact@goldentemple.lk,joss@vip163.com,ablehand@vsnl.com,zenluz@terra.es,,,Sydney@diamondway-center.org,,smile@dharmaboat.org,etnotifications@indiatimes.com,Debrecen@diamondway-center.org,library@uwest.edu,Firstname.lastname@observer.co.uk,viewsource-conduct@mozilla.com,Rodby@diamondway-center.org,bbierman@krtinfo.com,ttsrn@streamyx.com,Zalaegerszeg@diamondway-center.org,Tuebingen@diamondway-center.org,Hamburg@diamondway-center.org,Landau@diamondway-center.org,info@thurusevana.lk,Oldenburg@diamondway-center.org,pbm@bdmail.net,sadhanavihara@rediffmail.com,ppbarua@banglalive.com,editpage@seattle-pi.com,letters@sjmercury.com,mahabodhi@indiatimes.com,Tenovice@diamondway-center.org,info@linhson-qld.org,Maui@diamondway-center.org,lynn@dalailamainaustralia.org,info@yourdomain.com,info@dharmakaya.de,Luebeck@diamondway-center.org,ablehand@vsnl.com,info@ebin.pub,info@slbvc.org,info@kanaal2.be,letters@examiner.com,mupali@sltnet.lk,Milano@diamondway-center.org,letters@tehelka.com,admin@pamc.org,contact@sydneyinsightmeditators.org,etnotifications@indiatimes.com,Oradea@diamondway-center.org,info@buddhistmahavihara.com,smile@dharmaboat.org,azz@luzserena.net,info@vwbo.nl,Rousse@diamondway-center.org,Toronto@diamondway-center.org,Sevastopol@diamondway-center.org,zencaracas@latinmail.com,Ingolstadt@diamondway-center.org,Haifa@diamondway-center.org,Medellin@diamondway-center.org,Zaporozhye@diamondway-center.org,Opole@diamondway-center.org,cebbsp@cebbsp.org,Augsburg@diamondway-center.org,athens-acropolis@diamondway-center.org,admin@allbanglanewspaper.com,naracoorte@diamondway-center.org,BeerSheva@diamondway-center.org,TarnowskieGory@diamondway-center.org,gaurav@access-keys.com,kclung@streamyx.com,Sydney@diamondway-center.org,Gdansk@diamondway-center.org,Sofia@diamondway-center.org,Glogow@diamondway-center.org,Lubaczow@diamondway-center.org,Poznan@diamondway-center.org,info@olostays.com,Kempten@diamondway-center.org,care@kecharahouse.com,baekdamsa@baekdamsa.org,contact@euro.who.int,Schwarzenberg@diamondway-center.org,Cali@diamondway-center.org,bca@vwbo.nl,Bath@diamondway-center.org,info@tibetanlama.com,Muschau@diamondway-center.org,acoruna@diamondway-center.org,inform@freetranslator.com,,Bari@diamondway-center.org,goteborg@diamondway-center.org,fokuang8@tm.net.my,admin@taishendo.com,ibps_lisboa@fgs.org.tw,Hannover@diamondway-center.org,maureensm@ffww.com,zenluz@terra.es,Murcia@diamondway-center.org,bodhiheart@cox.net,Wiesbaden@diamondway-center.org,office@buddhistische-akademie-bb.de,Prachatice@diamondway-center.org,Merida@diamondway-center.org,info@translation-services-usa.com,,pressreleases@franklymedia.com,dashi@shaolin.org.au,cvm@fpmt.dk,byjus@moreideas.ae,kkbcs@pacific.net.sg,buddhistsocial@yahoo.com.sg,oin@europe-center.org,feeback@puthiyathalaimurai.tv,Olomouc@diamondway-center.org,Tokyo@diamondway-center.org,Kaposvar@diamondway-center.org,one@spiritualspring.org,Dortmund@diamondway-center.org,service@judiciary.go.ke,Usti-nad-Labem@diamondway-center.org,Prievidza@diamondway-center.org,BadFriedrichshall@diamondway-center.org,visites@rtbf.be,Garmisch@diamondway-center.org,bharat_alld@yahoo.com,anicca_bhante@yahoo.com.au,dhammasoba@yahoo.com,Prerov@diamondway-center.org,102404574@compuserve.com,
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Lesson 4633 Thu 1 Dec 2022 DO GOOD PURIFY MIND in JAMBUDIPA Free Online Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Jambudipa grows Dwarf fruits 🍍 🍊 🥑 🥭 🍇 🍌 🍎 🍉 🍒 🍑 🥝 & vegetables 🥦 🥕 🥗 🥬 🥔 🍆 🥜 🎃 🫑 🍅🍜 🧅 🍄 🍝 🥒 🌽 🌳 🍊 🥥 🌵 🍈 🌰🫐 🍐 🫒Plants 🌱in pots 🪴 To live like free birds 🦅 for Hunger on Good Earth 🌍 & SPACE along with Meditative Mindful Swimming 🏊‍♂️ Jambudipa Natyam to Attain Eternal Bliss “THE GIFT OF DHAMMA EXCELS ALL OTHER GIFTS” — The Lord ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE ONE Buddha
Filed under: General, Theravada Tipitaka , Plant raw Vegan Broccoli, peppers, cucumbers, carrots
Posted by: site admin @ 6:44 am

Lesson 4633 Thu  1 Dec 2022

DO GOOD PURIFY MIND in JAMBUDIPA

Free Online Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Jambudipagrows Dwarf fruits                       & vegetables                                            Plants  in pots   To live like free birds   for Hunger on Good Earth   & SPACE along with Meditative Mindful Swimming   Jambudipa Natyam to Attain Eternal Bliss
“THE GIFT OF DHAMMA EXCELS ALL OTHER GIFTS”— The Lord ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE  ONE Buddha

Mount Meru (Buddhism) - Wikipedia
Mount Meru (Buddhism) - Wikipedia

Plaksadvipa - Wikipedia
Plaksadvipa - Wikipedia

Free Online Organiser Daily.      We are living in with Happiness, Kindness, Compassion and Peace to attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal.
Eternal, Glorified,Friendly, Benevolent,Compassionate Pali is the language of the Eternal, Glorified,Friendly, Benevolent,CompassionateTipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Eternal, Glorified,Friendly, Benevolent,CompassionateTheravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Eternal, Glorified,Friendly, Benevolent,Compassionate One Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between Eternal, Glorified,Friendly, Benevolent,Compassionatereligions.
Discover the meaning of jambudipa in the context of Pali from relevant books on Exotic Eternal, Glorified,Friendly, Benevolent,Compassionate Jambudipa/Prabuddha Bharat.
Ashoka and Buddhism | Exotic India Art
Ashoka and Buddhism | Exotic India ArtAshoka and Buddhism,Philosophy Jiley Singh

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Meru_(Buddhism)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaksadvipa
Free Online Organiser Daily.      We are living in with Happiness, Kindness, Compassion and Peace to attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal.Ashoka and Buddhism | Exotic India Art 
Ashoka and Buddhism | Exotic India ArtAshoka and Buddhism,Philosophy Jiley Singh
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Meru_(Buddhism)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaksadvipa
Free Online Organiser Daily.      We are living in with Happiness, Kindness, Compassion and Peace to attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal.

We WERE in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.                      We ARE in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.                         We CONTINUE to be in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.

Foundations of Happiness || By Ven. Ananda Bhante ji
Foundations of Happiness || By Ven. Ananda Bhante jiBy Maha Bodhi Society Bengaluru
JAMBUDIPAinClassical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Vietnamese-Tiếng Việ,
“THE GIFT OF DHAMMA EXCELS ALL OTHER GIFTS”— The Lord ETERNAL & GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE  ONE Buddha
HISTORY TIMELINE
We WERE in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.                      
We ARE in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.                         
We CONTINUE to be in Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate JAMBUDIPA.
မြန်မာဘာသာဖြင့် ဖတ်ရန်
“A Burmese Map of the World” showing Jambudipa or the “Rose Apple Island” which is home to all human-kind. In Buddhist, Hindu, & Jain cosmology Jambudipa or Zambudipa in Burmese is the southern of four continents. The others are not accessible to human beings. Mount Meru stands at the centre of all four. Our’s has a giant rose apple tree as well as big mountains at the top and little islands offshore. It also has thousands of cities (pura) & is normally ruled by a chakkavatti (sekyawaddi in Burmese)This map was reproduced in Sir RC Temples “Thirty Seven Nats” published in London 1906.
7,117 languages are spoken today.
That number is constantly in flux, because we’re learning more about theworld’s languages every day. And beyond that, the languages themselvesare in flux.
They’re living & dynamic,spoken by communities whose lives areshaped by our rapidly changing world. 
This is a fragile time: Roughly 0%of languages are now endangered, often with less than 1,000 speakersremaining. 
Meanwhile, just 23 languages account for more than half the world’s population.according to https://gulfnews.com/…/census-more-than-19500-languages…
When a just born baby is kept isolated without anyone communicating with the baby, after a few days it will speak and human natural (Prakrit) language known as Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Magahi Magadhi/Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Chandaso language/Magadhi Prakrit,Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hela Basa (Hela Language),Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Pāḷi which are the same. ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE ONE Buddha spoke in
ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Magadhi. All the 7,139 languages and dialects are off shoot of Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Magahi Magadhi. Hence all of them are Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE in nature (Prakrit) of Human Beings, just like all other living speices have their own natural
languages for communication. 138 languages are translated by

https://translate.google.comin

01) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Magahi Magadhi,
02) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Chandaso language,
03) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Magadhi Prakrit,
04) Classical Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATEHela Basa (Hela Language),
05) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Classical Pāḷi
06) Classical Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Devanagari,Classical Hindi-Devanagari- शास्त्रीय हिंदी,
07) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Cyrillic
08) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Afrikaans– Klassieke Afrikaans
09) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Albanian-Shqiptare klasike,
10) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Amharic-አንጋፋዊ አማርኛ,
11) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Arabic-اللغة العربية الفصحى
12) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Armenian-դասական հայերեն,
13) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Assamese-ধ্ৰুপদী অসমীয়া
14) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Aymara 14) Aymara clásico
15) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Azerbaijani- Klassik Azərbaycan,
16) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Basque- Euskal klasikoa,16) Euskara klasikoa- Euskal klasikoa,
17) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Belarusian-Класічная беларуская,17) Класічная беларуска-класічная беларуская,
18) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Bengali-ক্লাসিক্যাল বাংলা,18) ধ্রুপদী বাংলা-ক্লাস বাংলা19) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE  Bhojpuri 19) शास्त्रीय भोजपुरी के बा
20) शास्त्रीय भोजपुरी के बाBosnian-Klasični bosanski,20) Klasični bosanski-Klasični bosansk
21)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Bulgarian
22) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Catalan-Català clàssic
23) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Cebuano-Klase sa Sugbo,
24) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Chichewa-Chikale cha Chichewa,
25) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATEChinese (Simplified)-古典中文(简体),
26) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATEChinese (Traditional)-古典中文(繁體),
27) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Corsican-Corsa Corsicana,
28) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Croatian-Klasična hrvatska,
29)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Czech-Klasická čeština
30) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Danish-Klassisk dansk,Klassisk dansk,
31) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dhivehi,31) ކްލާސިކަލް ދިވެހި
32) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dogri, 32) शास्त्रीय डोगरी
33) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Dutch- Klassiek Nederlands,
34) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE English,Roman,
35) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Esperanto-Klasika Esperanto,
36) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Estonian- klassikaline eesti keel,
37) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ewe,37) Klasik Ewe
38) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Filipino klassikaline filipiinlane,
39) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Finnish- Klassinen suomalainen,
40) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE French- Français classique,
41) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Frisian- Klassike Frysk,
42) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Galician-Clásico galego,
43) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Georgian-კლასიკური ქართული,
45) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE German- Klassisches Deutsch,
45) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATEGreek-Κλασσικά Ελληνικά,
46) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Guarani,46) Guaraní clásico
47) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી,
48) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Haitian Creole-Klasik kreyòl,
49) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hausa-Hausa Hausa,
50) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hawaiian-Hawaiian Hawaiian,
51) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hebrew- עברית קלאסית
52) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
53) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,
54) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
55) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Igbo,Klassískt Igbo,
56) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ilocano,56) Klasiko nga Ilocano
57)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Indonesian-Bahasa Indonesia Klasik,
58) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Irish-Indinéisis Clasaiceach,
59) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Italian-Italiano classico,
60) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Japanese-古典的なイタリア語,
61) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
62) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
63) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kazakh-Классикалық қазақ,
64) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Khmer- ខ្មែរបុរាណ,
65) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kinyarwanda
66) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Konkani,66) शास्त्रीय कोंकणी
67) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Korean-고전 한국어,
68) Classical Krio,ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE 68) Krio we dɛn kɔl Krio
69) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kurdish (Kurmanji)-Kurdî (Kurmancî),
70) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Kyrgyz-Классикалык Кыргыз,
71) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lao-ຄລາສສິກລາວ,
72) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Latin-LXII) Classical Latin,
73) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Latvian-Klasiskā latviešu valoda,
74) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lingala,74) Lingala ya kala,
75) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Lithuanian-Klasikinė lietuvių kalba,
76) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luganda,76) Oluganda olw’edda
77) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luganda,77) Oluganda olw’edda
78) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Luxembourgish-Klassesch Lëtzebuergesch,
79)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Macedonian-Класичен македонски,
80)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maithili,80) शास्त्रीय मैथिली
81) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malagasy,класичен малгашки,
82) Classical  ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malay-Melayu Klasik,
83) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
84) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maltese-Klassiku Malti,
85) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Maori-Maori Maori,
86) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
87) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Meiteilon (Manipuri),꯹꯰) ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯏꯇꯦꯏꯂꯣꯟ (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ) ꯴.
88) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Mizo,88) Classical Mizo a ni
89) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Mongolian-Сонгодог Монгол,
90) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Myanmar (Burmese)-Classical မြန်မာ (ဗမာ),
91) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Nepali-शास्त्रीय म्यांमार (बर्मा),
92) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Norwegian-Klassisk norsk,
93) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Odia (Oriya)
94) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Oromo,94) Afaan Oromoo Kilaasikaa
95) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Pashto- ټولګی پښتو
96) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Persian-کلاسیک فارسی
97)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Polish-Język klasyczny polski,
98) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Portuguese-Português Clássico,
99) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
100) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Quechua,100) Quechua clásico
101) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Romanian-Clasic românesc,
102) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Russian-Классический русский,
103) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Samoan-Samoan Samoa
104) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sanskrit छ्लस्सिचल् षन्स्क्रित्
105) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Scots Gaelic-Gàidhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,
106)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sepedi,106) Sepedi sa Kgale
107) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Serbian-Класични српски,
108) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sesotho-Seserbia ea boholo-holo,
109) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Shona-Shona Shona,
110) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sindhi,
111)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sinhala-සම්භාව්ය සිංහල,
112) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Slovak-Klasický slovenský,
113) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Slovenian-Klasična slovenska,
114) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Somali-Soomaali qowmiyadeed,
115) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Spanish-Español clásico,
116) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Sundanese-Sunda Klasik,
117) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE  Swahili,Kiswahili cha Classical,
118) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Swedish-Klassisk svensk,
119) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tajik-тоҷикӣ классикӣ,
120) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ் செம்மொழி,
121) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tatar
122) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
123) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Thai-ภาษาไทยคลาสสิก,
124) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tigrinya,124) ክላሲካል ትግርኛ
125) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Tsonga,125) Xitsonga xa xikhale
126) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Turkish-Klasik Türk,
127)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Turkmen
128) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Twi,128) Twi a wɔde di dwuma wɔ tete mmere mu
129)Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Ukrainian-Класичний український,
130) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
131) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Uyghur,
132) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Uzbek-Klassik o’z,
133) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Vietnamese-Tiếng Việ,
134) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Welsh-Cymraeg Clasurol,
135) Classical  ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATEXhosa-IsiXhosa zesiXhosa,
136) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Yiddish- קלאסישע ייִדיש
137) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,
138) Classical ETERNAL AND GLORIFIED FRIENDLY BENEVOLENT COMPASSIONATE Zulu-I-Classical Zulu

https://www.liquisearch.com/kannada_sahitya_parishat/origin
Origin
During the British rule of Eternal,Glorified,Friendly,Benevolent,Compassionate Jambudipa Prabuddha Bharat   , the people who spoke Kannada language were spread across different provinces. Coming under the influence of different languages in those provinces, the pronunciation and grammar of Kannada language started to differ across provinces. This led to a gap in communication across the people in these provinces though they spoke the same language of Kannada. 
Mokshagundam Vishweshwaraiah, who was the Diwan of the Mysore Kingdom felt the need to conserve and promote the Kannada language and literature. In this direction, he started the Mysore Economic Conference and created a study circle under the responsibility of H. V. Nanjundaiah. A sub-committee formed under the study circle came up with five different topics on which suggestions were invited:
To come up with ideas to promote unity and co-operation among Kannada speakers spread across different regions.
To come up with suggestions for a common written Kannada which had diversified across different regionsTo ensure that students learning Kannada language use a common text book.
To improve the general knowledge among the Kannada speaking population by publishing appropriate books.
To come up with appropriate Kannada translations for words used in other languages, especially the scientific words.
The sub-committee received good responses from the public and it decided to organise a conference in Bangalore on 3 May 1915 to act upon these suggestions. The conference was held on the grounds of the Government High School and was attended by littérateurs, newspaper editors and other dignitaries from different regions. The conference came up with a proposal to create the Karnataka Sahitya Parishat with a mandate to conserve and promote Kannada language and literature. H. V. Nanjundaiah was unanimously elected to be the President of the Parishat. 
Apart from the Mysore province, the Karnataka Sahitya Parishat was simultaneously started in the Madras, Mumbai, Hyderabad and Kodagu provinces.
Famous quotes containing the word origin:
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“The real, then, is that which, sooner or later, information and reasoning would finally result in, and which is therefore independent of the vagaries of me and you. Thus, the very origin of the conception of reality shows that this conception essentially involves the notion of a COMMUNITY, without definite limits, and capable of a definite increase of knowledge.”—Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)

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