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Ariya-puggala
From The Dhamma Encyclopedia
Ariya-puggala Noble Ones, noble persons: The 8, Ariya = Noble Ones are those who have realized one of the 8 stages of Nobility, i.e. the 4 supra-mundane paths magga and the 4 supra-mundane fruitions phala of these paths. There are thus these 4 pairs:
A1. The one realizing the path of Stream-winning sotÄpatti-magga. A2. The one realizing the fruition of Stream-winning sotÄpatti-phala.
A3. The one realizing the path of Once-return sakadÄgÄmi-magga. A4. The one realizing the fruition of Once-return sakadÄgÄmi-phala.
A5. The one realizing the path of Non-return anÄgÄmi-magga. A6. The one realizing the fruition of Non-return anÄgÄmi-phala.
A7. The one realizing the path of Nobility arahatta-magga. A8. The one realizing the fruition of Nobility arahatta-phala.
Summed up, there are 4 noble individuals ariya-puggala:
1. The Stream-winner Sotapanna,
2. The Once-Returner Sakadagami,
3. The Non-Returner Anagami,
4. The Worthy One Arahant.
In A. VIII,10 and A. IX, 16 the gotrabhū is listed as the 9th noble individual.
According to the Abhidhamma, the supra-mundane path, or simply path magga, is a designation of the moment of entering into one of these 4 stages of Nobility with Nibbana being the object, produced by intuitional insight vipassana into the impermanence, misery and impersonality of existence, flashing forth and forever transforming one’s life and nature. By fruition phala is meant those moments of consciousness which follow immediately thereafter as the result of the path, and which in certain circumstances may repeat for innumerable times during the life-time.
I: Through the path of Stream-winning sotÄpatti-magga one becomes free whereas in realizing the fruition, one is freed from the first 3 mental chains samyojana, which bind beings to existence in the sense-sphere, to wit:
1: Personality-belief sakkÄya-ditthi, see. ditthi, 2: Skeptical doubt vicikicchÄ, 3: Clinging upÄdÄna to mere rules and rituals sÄ«labbata-parÄmÄsa. One has maximally 7 rebirth rounds before Awakening and cannot be reborn as animal, ghost, demon or hell-being.
II: Through the path of Once-return sakadÄgÄmi-magga one becomes nearly freed from the 4th and 5th mental chains, to wit:
4: Sense-desire kÄma-cchanda = kÄma-rÄga rÄga, and 5: Ill-will vyÄpÄda = dosa see: mÅ«la.
III: Through the path of Non-return anÄgÄmi-magga one becomes fully freed from the above-mentioned 5 lower mental chains.
IV: Through the path of Nobility arahatta-magga one furthermore becomes free from the 5 higher mental chains, to wit:
6: Craving for fine material existence rÅ«pa-rÄga, 7: Craving for formless existence. arÅ«pa-rÄga, 8: Conceit and pride mÄna, 9: Restlessness uddhacca, and 10: Ignorance avijjÄ.
The stereotype Sutta text runs as follows:
Stream-enterer:
I: After the disappearance of the three mental chains, the Bhikkhu has won the stream to NibbÄna and is no more subject to rebirth in the lower worlds, is firmly established, bound for full enlightenment.
Once-returner:
II: After the disappearance of the three mental chains and the reduction of greed, hatred and confusion, he will return only once more; and having once more returned to this world, he will put an end to suffering.
Non-returner:
III: After the disappearance of the five mental chains he appears in a higher world, and there he reaches NibbÄna without ever returning from that world to the sense-sphere worlds.
Arahant:
IV: Through the ceasing of all mental fermentations Äsava-kkhaya he reaches already in this very life the deliverance of mind, the deliverance through understanding, which is free from fermentations, and which he himself has understood and directly realized.
For the various classes of Stream-winners and Non-Returners, see: SotÄpanna, AnÄgÄmÄ«.
B: The sevenfold grouping of the Noble Disciples is as follows:
1: The faith-devotee saddhÄnusÄrÄ«, 2: The faith-liberated one saddhÄ-vimutta, 3: The body-witness kÄya-sakkhÄ«, 4: The both-ways-liberated one ubhato-bhÄga-vimutta, 5: The Dhamma-devotee dhammÄnusÄrÄ«, 6: The vision-attainer ditthippatta, 7: The one liberated by understanding paƱƱÄ-vimutta.
This group of seven Noble Disciples is thus explained in Vis.M XXI, 73:
1-2: He who is filled with determination adhimokkha and, in considering the constructions as impermanent anicca, gains the ability of faith, he, at the moment of the path to Stream-winning A1 is called a faith-devotee saddhÄnusÄrÄ«; 2: at the seven higher stages A2-A8 he is called a faith-liberated one saddhÄ-vimutta.
3: He who is filled with tranquillity and, in considering the constructions as miserable dukkha, gains the ability of concentration, he in every respect is considered as a body-witness kÄya-sakkhÄ«.
4: He who after reaching the absorptions of the formless sphere has attained the highest fruition of Nobility, he is a both-ways-liberated one ubhato-bhÄga-vimutta.
5: He who is filled with understanding and, in considering the constructions as no-self anattÄ, gains the ability of understanding, he is at the moment of Stream-winning A1 a Dhamma-devotee dhammÄnusÄrÄ«,
6: At the later stages A2-A7 a vision-attainer ditthippatta,
7: At the highest stage A8 a understanding-liberated one paƱƱÄ-vimutta.