926 LESSON 21-05-2013 TUESDAY-FREE ONLINE eNālāndā Research and Practice UNIVERSITY-
MISUSE OF EVM _ PART - 10
Regarding involvement of Mayawati in the matter, the Lokayukta said there was no evidence.
During course of inquiry people gave statements that the former CM
said it was a pious work which should be executed with honesty and
dedication and she never gave any order.
http://sbinformation.about.com/od/business-ideas/a/small-business-ideas.htm
http://s
http://sbinformation.about.com/od/business-ideas/qt/Video-Production-Small-Business-Idea.htm
Video Production Small Business Idea
The Pros and Cons of Starting a Video Production Business
21-05-2013 Tuesday 4.30 PM
Venue: Kidwai Institute of Oncology, Hosur Road, Bengaluru
Cancer Patients Service Day
Led by
Shri S. Marisamy, IPS
Chairman, Spoorthidhama, Bangalore
Service by
Upasaka Shri Kamalabhan IPS and Family
____________________________________________________________________________________________
23-05-2013 Thursday 2.30 PM
Venue: Indira Gandhi Institute of Child health, Hosur Road, Bengaluru
Children Service
Led by
Shri K.N.Srinivas
Chairman, Amar Jyothi Educational Institutions, Bengaluru
Service by
Samyak Prabodhan, Bangalore
_________________________________________________________________________________________
24-05-2013 Friday 3.30 PM
Venue: KR Hospital, Mysore
Led by
Prof. V.Jagannatha, Environmental Scientist
Service by
Shri Puttamadaiah, Superintent of Police, SESK, Mysore Zone
Video Production Small Business Idea
The Pros and Cons of Starting a Video Production Business
If you understand the technology behind video production, and enjoy the process of taking raw video footage and creating a video that flows, a video production business may be a great small business idea for you.
The Pros
Along with being able to use your creativity every day in your business, the benefits of starting a video production business include:
• You can provide a full range of video services, including editing, producing, adding special effects, digitizing, etc.
• Your business can be home-based, or you can have a physical location.
• You can even offer a mobile service, going “on location” for clients and completing editing projects from your home office.
• You can partner with videographers, photographers and party planners for increased business.
• You can get started using the broad range of free editing software before “graduating” to the more professional options.
• The earning potential is high, once you become established.
The Cons
Some of the potential challenges of starting a video production business include:
• You need extensive skill and experience in all things related to video production.
• You need to purchase the necessary equipment, which can be very expensive.
• You will need a designated spot to store your equipment.
• Your business may be limited to your geographic area, so you will need to maximize local advertising.
• There may be significant liability because you will be handling your clients’ original, potentially valuable videos.
Recommended Resources
• How to Start a Home Video Editing Business
•
http://www.ehow.com/how_6218871_start-home-video-editing-business.html
How to Start a Home Video Editing Business
Start a Home Video Editing Business
Your video editing business might play a variety of roles. You could start by recording and editing small to mid-size parties throughout your community. Alternatively, you might focus on editing existing tapes–for instance, by adding sound effects, mixing scenes, or including titles and transitions. Designate enough time to complete projects, particularly if you begin the business on a part-time basis.
Instructions
◦ 1 Decide what type of editing business you want to establish. Video editors usually evaluate and sort scenes, while sound effect editors enhance films by recording necessary sounds or getting existing sounds from appropriate sources. Music editors improve background music, such as by synchronizing music tracks with the film.
◦ 2 Purchase appropriate equipment and software like Adobe’s Premiere Pro CS4, which supports many cutting-edge effects. Free video editing programs exist, such as VideoSpin, Microsoft’s Movie Maker, or Apple’s IMovie, if your budget is limited initially.
◦ Sponsored Links
▪ Accelerate your Startup Incubation, Mentoring and Funding For your Startup, Join Today!
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◦
◦ 3 Price your services reasonably by researching what your local market currently supports. Decide whether you will charge a flat fee of, say, $250, or an hourly rate of maybe $50. You might give free consultations and determine separate prices for each project.
◦ 4 Advertise continuously by creating business cards and fliers and placing them at strategic locations. Always carry a set of business cards so that you can quickly provide information to potential clients. Establish a basic website that identifies your services and includes a few examples of your specialties.
◦ 5 Designate a location in your home to support all of your equipment. Use a space consistently, like a spare room or a garage, as your office. Carefully organize business-related revenues and expenses, which you likely will have to report on your federal tax return.
Tips & Warnings
•
Consider developing a simple design to place on vehicles such as the designated business van, or even a family member’s personal vehicle. Make sure that the design clearly states your contact information, especially your phone number and website.
•
While free programs might seem to be a great deal, they often do not have great quality. Initially practice using free software, and gradually buy better products to upgrade to cutting-edge technology.
• Top 10 Rules for Video Editing
http://desktopvideo.about.com/od/desktopediting/tp/editrules.htm
Top 10 Rules for Video Editing
By following some simple rules for video editing you can make your movies flow together smoothly, in a classic style, without resorting to multiple transitions.
Of course, rules were made to be broken and creative editors take extreme artistic license. But, if you are new to the craft of video editing, learn these rules and consider them a foundation from which to develop your skills.
1. B-Roll
B-roll refers to video footage that sets the scene, reveals details, or generally enhances the story. For example, at a school play, besides shooting the play, you could get b-roll of the outside of the school, the program, faces of audience members, cast members hiding in the wings, or costume details.
These clips can be used to cover any cuts, or smooth trasitions from one scene to another.
2. Don’t Jump
A jump cut occurs when you have two consecutive shots with the exact same camera set up, but a difference in the subject. It happens most often when editing interviews, and you want to cut out some words or phrases that the subject says.
If you leave the remaining shots side-by-side, the audience will be jarred by the slight repositioning of the subject. Instead, cover the cut with some b-roll, or use a fade.
3. Stay on Your Plane
http://www.sfu.ca/media-lab/cycle/cycle3/3b-ss11.html
 |
 |
End of Section |
The 180 Degree
Rule
It is important to maintain interest
in an interview by having a variety of shots that show different perspectives
or angles. However, it is essential to maintain “consistency of screen
direction.” This means that you should not cross the “Axis of
Action” or the imaginary line that follows the main subject’s
action or direction of focus.The 180 Degree Rule states that
you can place the camera anywhere along the 180 Degrees of one side of the
axis of action and maintain consistency of screen direction.
You should not cross the axis of action without:
-
The use of a
moving shot that shows the crossing of the axis of action. -
Indicate on screen
that a shot is a “Reverse Angle” as is done in sporting events.
|
|
End of Section |
When shooting, imagine that there is a horizontal line between you and your subjects. Now, stay on your side of the line. By observing a 180-degree plane, you keep a perspective that is more natural for the audience.
If you’re editing footage that disobeys this rule, try using b-roll between cuts. This way, the change in perspective won’t be as abrupt, if it’s noticeable at all.
More Info
4. 45 Degrees
When editing together a scene shot from multiple camera angles, always try to use shots that are looking at the subject from at least a difference of 45 degrees. Otherwise, the shots are too similar and appear almost like a jump cut to the audience.
5. Cut on Motion
Motion distracts the eye from noticing editing cuts. So, when cutting from one image to another, always try to do it when the subject is in motion. For example, cutting from a turning head to an opening door, is much smoother than cutting from a still head to a door about to be opened.
6. Change Focal Lengths
When you have two shots of the same subject, it’s easy to cut between close and wide angles. So, when shooting an interview, or a lengthy event such as a wedding, it’s a good idea to occasionally change focal lengths. A wide shot and a medium close up can be cut together, allowing you to edit parts out and change the order of shots without obvious jump cuts.
7. Cut on Similar Elements
There’s a cut in Apocalypse Now from a rotating ceiling fan to a helicopter. The scenes change dramatically, but the visually similar elements make for a smooth, creative cut.
You can do the same thing in your videos. Cut from a flower on a wedding cake to the groom’s boutenier, or tilt up to the blue sky from one scene and then down from the sky to a different scene.
8. Wipe
At weddings, I love it when people walk in front of the camera. They are apologetic, but unless it happened during the vows or the first dance, I am grateful for the wipe they gave me to use during editing.
When the frame fills up with one element (such as the back of a black suit jacket), it makes it easy to cut to a completely different scene without jarring the audience. You can set wipes up yourself during shooting, or just take advantage when they happen naturally.
More Business Opportunities
• eBay Consulting Business Idea
• Personal Concierge Business Idea
• Blog Consulting Business Idea
Business Startup Resources
• How to Start a Business
• Questions to Ask Before Starting a Business
• Comprehensive Business Plan Outline
Related Articles
• 5 Tips for Starting a Home Business Video
http://video.about.com/homebusiness/5-Tips-for-Starting-a-Home-Business.htm
• Promotional Web Videos - How to Produce a Promotional Web Video
•
http://desktopvideo.about.com/od/videoprojects/ht/webpromo.htm
• Before You Start A Home-Based Business
http://sbinfocanada.about.com/cs/homebusiness/a/starthomebiz.htm
• Tasting Partners - Starting and Running a Catering Business
http://www.netplaces.com/starting-catering-business/partnering-to-grow-your-business/tasting-partners.htm
• Video Equipment
•
http://desktopvideo.about.com/c/ec/1.htm
New voter verifiable paper trail (VVPT) machines to replace the EVMs, following doubts that it could be tampered.Voting Machines are “Calculators which can be manipulated by computer softwares”. New Machines are ordered by EC, where a paper slip will come out with EVM voting which will be then deposited in a box. What is the use? Paper Slip will show that voter has casted vote for “Party A”, but calculator software will add vote to “Party B”! The Computers are programmable. No use for such fake paper slips. In Superior Courts it has been demonstrated how these computers can be manipulated and how it can be pre-programmed to make sure victory to one candidate during election. The EVM machines have killed Democracy and have all the potentials to do so. The ruling castes are manipulating EVMs to make sure victory to them depriving the dipressed classes to enable them to acquire the MASTER KEY that can unlock all doors of progress to the entire people.
•
• Under such circumstances the following exposure by media had no relevance during the last Karnataka Assembly Elections 2013 where the Congress won and the trend will continue in the forth coming General Elections until the Superior Court and the upholders of Democracy including the free and fair media.
• 5.3 California’s “Open Source'’ Mandate
There is one case where a regulator has required voting system source code be open source. This appears to be the first case of an “open source'’ mandate by a State in the U.S. where the top election official in California determined that the only solution to a technical catch-22 would be to require a critical piece of code be disclosed. Under recommendations from technical consultants, the Office of the Secretary of State in California issued regulations in November 2003 stating that all electronic voting system vendors would have to provide the functionality required to produce an Accessible Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (AVVPAT).49An order of March 2004 stated what requirements had to be met for a paper audit trail to qualify as an AVVPAT50where AVVPAT was defined as a contemporaneous paper record of a ballot that allowed disabled and non-English speaking voters to vote privately and independently.51The biggest surprise in these regulations was the “open source mandate'’ it included. This part of the regulation provided:
“All DREs must include electronic verification, as described in the Task Force’s report, in order to assure that the information provided for verification to disabled voters through some form of non-visual method accurately reflects what is recorded by the machine and what is printed on the VVPAT paper record. Any electronic verification method must have open source code in order to be certified for use in a voting system in California.52 (bold emphasis added.)
The regulation required an electronic verification mechanism that allows disabled voters to assess through a non-visual interface whether what is printed on the AVVPAT record is consistent with their intended vote. This requires either interpreting the signals sent to the printer or reading directly from the AVVPAT, not from the computer’s memory or the electronic record of the vote. The code that interprets the printing signals or reads the AVVPAT must be “open source'’ per this regulation so that, in the words of David Jefferson, one of the experts that provided input, they would not have “merely transferred the need to trust software from the proprietary vote capture software to proprietary vote verification software.'’53
The regulation left several core terms undefined and the intent unclear. If we take David Jefferson’s statement as reflective of the Secretary’s goal, this regulation should have been clarified to support the evaluation of the verification software. The regulatory intent here was to ensure that the disabled voter or an organization representing the disabled voters could obtain and inspect the source code of the verification subsystem. They would want to exhaustively inspect the code to make sure that it was accurately verifying the vote from reading the printout or interpreting the signals sent to the printer to produce the printout. The Secretary’s decision to require that the source code of this subsystem be open source is logical; however, a clear definition of “open source'’ is necessary for vendors to build such a system. For example, they will need strict control of what pieces of their intellectual property is included in this piece of software. The Secretary should have aligned the regulatory intent of the AVVPAT order with licensing requirements to establish some minimal licensing criteria for this “open source'’ software.54Then, with a minimal set of licensing requirements, a few representative open source licenses could be chosen and offered as valid licenses under which to develop verification code. This level of detail was not included.
In January of 2005 this requirement was implicitly revoked by new regulations that omitted it.55This could have been an interesting experiment in regulatory push of open source; however it seems instead that it was destined to fail without sufficient attention to the issues raised above.
1a: âràdhanà 1
(Spoken by the senior monk)
Pubbakaraõapubbakiccàni samàpetvà imissa nisinnassa bhikkhusaïghassa anumatiyà Pàtimokkhaü uddesituü ajjhesanaü karomi.
1b: Okàsakammaü
(Spoken by the recitor)
Okàsa me bhante thero dethu Vinayakathaü kathetuü.
2: Pubbakiccaü
(Spoken by the recitor)
Sammajjanã padãpo ca ~ udakaü àsanena ca
uposathassa etàni ~ pubbakaraõan-ti vuccati.
Chandapàrisuddhi-utukkhànaü bhikkhugaõanà ca ovàdo
uposathassa etàni pubbakiccan-ti vuccati.
Uposatho yàvatikà ca bhikkhå
kammapattà sabhàgàpattiyo
na vijjanti vajjanãyà ca puggalà
tasmiü na honti pattakallan-ti vuccati.
Pubbakaraõapubbakiccàni samàpetvà desitàppikassa samaggassa bhikkhusaïghassa anumatiyà pàtimokkhaü uddisitum-àràdhanaü karoma.
[BJT Vol 3, Page 250] [\x 250/]
(Nidànuddeso) 2
Suõàtu me bhante saïgha, yadi saïghassa3
pattakallaü, saïgho uposathaü kareyya pàtimokkhaü uddiseyya. Kiü
saïghassa pubbakiccaü? Pàrisuddhiü àyasmanto àrocetha Pàtimokkhaü
uddisissàmi. Taü sabbeva santà sàdhukaü suõoma manasikaroma.
Yassa siyà àpatti, so àvãkareyya. Asantiyà àpattiyà, tuõhã
bhavitabbaü. Tuõhã bhàvena kho panàyasmante parisuddhà-ti vedissàmi.
Yathà kho pana paccekapuññhassa veyyàkaraõaü hoti, evam-evaü evaråpàya
parisàya yàvatatiyaü anusàvitaü hoti. Yo pana bhikkhu yàvatatiyaü
anusàviyamàne saramàno santiü àpattiü nàvãkareyya, sampajànamusàvàdassa
hoti. Sampajànamusàvàdo kho panàyasmanto antaràyiko dhammo vutto
Bhagavatà. Tasmà saramànena bhikkhunà àpannena visuddhàpekkhena santã
àpatti àvãkàtabbà. âvãkatà hissa phàsu hoti.
[BJT Vol I, Page 028] [\x 028/]
Tatrime cattàro pàràjikà dhammà uddesaü àgacchanti. 5
[BJT Vol I, Page 056] [\x 056/]
Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhånaü
sikkhàsàjãvasamàpanno sikkhaü apaccakkhàya dubbalyaü anàvãkatvà methunaü
dhammaü pañiseveyya, antamaso tiracchànagatàya pi - pàràjiko hoti,
asaüvàso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 104] [\x 104/]
Pàr 2: (Adinnàdànasikkhàpadaü):
Yo pana bhikkhu gàmà và ara¤¤à và
adinnaü theyyasankhàtaü àdiyeyya. Yathàråpe adinnàdàne ràjàno coraü
gahetvà haneyyuü và bandheyyuü và pabbàjeyyuü và: ßCorosi, bàlosi,
måëhosi, thenosã-ti!û. Tathàråpaü bhikkhu adinnaü àdiyamàno - ayam-pi
pàràjiko hoti, asaüvàso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 160] [\x 160/]
Pàr 3: (Manussaviggahasikkhàpadaü):
Yo pana bhikkhu sa¤cicca
manussaviggahaü jãvità voropeyya, satthahàrakaü vàssa pariyeseyya,
maraõavaõõaü và saüvaõõeyya, maraõàya và samàdapeyya: ßAmbho purisa kiü
tuyhiminà pàpakena dujjãvitena? Matante jãvità seyyo ti!û Iti cittamano
cittasaïkappo anekapariyàyena maraõavaõõaü và saüvaõõeyya, maraõàya và
samàdapeyya - ayam-pi pàràjiko hoti, asaüvàso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 200] [\x 200/]
Pàr 4: (Uttarimanussadhammasikkhàpadaü):
Yo pana bhikkhu anabhijànaü
uttarimanussadhammaü attåpanàyikaü alam-ariya¤àõadassanaü samudàcareyya:
ßIti jànàmi, iti passàmã-ti!û Tato aparena samayena samanuggàhiyamàno
và asamanuggàhiyamàno và àpanno visuddhàpekkho evaü vadeyya:
ßAjànam-evàhaü àvuso avacaü: jànàmi; apassaü: passàmi; tucchaü musà
vilapin-tiû, a¤¤atra adhimànà - ayam-pi pàràjiko hoti, asaüvàso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 254] [\x 254/]
Uddiññhà kho àyasmanto cattàro pàràjikà dhammà. Yesaü bhikkhu a¤¤ataraü và a¤¤ataraü và àpajjitvà na labhati bhikkhåhi 7 saddhiü saüvàsaü. Yathà pure, tathà pacchà, pàràjiko hoti, asaüvàso.
Tatthàyasmante pucchàmi: kaccittha 8 parisuddhà?
Dutiyam-pi pucchàmi: kaccittha parisuddhà?
Tatiyam-pi pucchàmi: kaccittha parisuddhà?
Parisuddhetthàyasmanto, tasmà tuõhã, 9 evam-etaü dhàrayàmi.
Pàràjikaü niññhitaü
[BJT Vol I, Page 256] [\x 256/]
Ime kho panàyasmanto terasa saïghàdisesà dhammà uddesaü àgacchanti.
[BJT Vol I, Page 260] [\x 260/]
Sa¤cetanikà sukkavisaññhi, a¤¤atra supinantà, saïghàdiseso. [BJT Vol I, Page 294] [\x 294/]
Sd 2: Kàyasaüsaggasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu otiõõo vipariõatena
cittena màtugàmena saddhiü kàyasaüsaggaü samàpajjeyya, hatthagàhaü và
veõigàhaü và a¤¤atarassa và a¤¤atarassa và aïgassa paràmasanaü,
saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 320] [\x 320/]
Sd 3: Duññhullavàcàsikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu otiõõo vipariõatena
cittena màtugàmaü duññhullàhi vàcàhi obhàseyya. Yathà taü yuvà yuvatiü
methunåpasaühitàhi, saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 332] [\x 332/]
Sd 4: Antakàmapàricariyasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu otiõõo vipariõatena
cittena màtugàmassa santike attakàmapàricariyàya vaõõaü bhàseyya:
ßEtad-aggaü bhagini pàricariyànaü yà màdisaü sãlavantaü kalyàõadhammaü
brahmacàriü etena dhammena paricareyyàû-ti, methunåpasaühitena,
saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 344] [\x 344/]
Sd 5: Sa¤carittasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu sa¤carittaü
samàpajjeyya, itthiyà và purisamatiü, purisassa và itthimatiü, jàyattane
và jàrattane và, antamaso taïkhaõikàya pi, saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 382] [\x 382/]
Sd 6: Kuñikàrasikkhàpadaü:
Sa¤¤àcikàya pana bhikkhunà kuñiü
kàrayamànena assàmikaü attuddesaü pamàõikà kàretabbà. Tatridaü pamàõaü:
dãghaso dvàdasa vidatthiyo Sugatavidatthiyà tiriyaü sattantarà. Bhikkhå
abhinetabbà vatthudesanàya, tehi bhikkhåhi vatthuü desetabbaü anàrambhaü
saparikkamanaü. Sàrambhe ce bhikkhu vatthusmiü aparikkamane sa¤¤àcikàya
kuñiü kàreyya, bhikkhå và anabhineyya vatthudesanàya, pamàõaü và
atikkàmeyya, saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 406] [\x 406/]
Sd 7: Vihàrakàrasikkhàpadaü:
Mahallakaü pana bhikkhunà vihàraü
kàrayamànena sassàmikaü attuddesaü bhikkhå abhinetabbà vatthudesanàya.
Tehi bhikkhåhi vatthuü desetabbaü anàrambhaü saparikkamanaü. Sàrambhe ce
bhikkhu vatthusmiü aparikkamane mahallakaü vihàraü kàreyya, bhikkhå và
anabhineyya vatthudesanàya, saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 424] [\x 424/]
Sd 8: Pañhamaduññhadosasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuü duññho doso
appatãto amålakena pàràjikena dhammena anuddhaüseyya: ßAppeva nàma naü
imamhà brahmacariyà càveyyan-ti.û. Tato aparena samayena
samanuggàhiyamàno và asamanuggàhiyamàno và, amålaka¤-ceva taü
adhikaraõaü hoti, bhikkhu ca dosaü patiññhàti, saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 436] [\x 436/]
Sd 9: Dutiyaduññhadosasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuü duññho doso
appatãto a¤¤abhàgiyassa adhikaraõassa ki¤ci desaü lesamattaü upàdàya
pàràjikena dhammena anuddhaüseyya: ßAppeva nàma naü imamhà brahmacariyà
càveyyan-ti.û Tato aparena samayena samanuggàhiyamàno và
asamanuggàhiyamàno và, a¤¤abhàgiya¤-ceva taü adhikaraõaü hoti, koci deso
lesamatto upàdinno, bhikkhu ca dosaü patiññhàti, saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 452] [\x 452/]
Sd 10: Pañhamasaïghabhedasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana
bhikkhu samaggassa saïghassa bhedàya parakkameyya bhedanasaüvattanikaü
và adhikaraõaü samàdàya paggayha tiññheyya. So bhikkhu bhikkhåhi
evam-assa vacanãyo: ßMà àyasmà samaggassa saïghassa bhedàya parakkami
bhedanasaüvattanikaü và adhikaraõaü samàdàya paggayha aññhàsi.
Sametàyasmà saïghena, samaggo hi saïgho sammodamàno avivadamàno ekuddeso
phàsu viharatãû-ti. Eva¤-ca so bhikkhu bhikkhåhi vuccamàno tatheva
paggaõheyya, so bhikkhu bhikkhåhi yàvatatiyaü samanubhàsitabbo tassa
pañinissaggàya. Yàvatatiya¤-ce samanubhàsiyamàno taü pañinissajeyya, 11 iccetaü kusalaü. No ce pañinissajeyya, saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 456] [\x 456/]
Sd 11: Dutiyasaïghabhedasikkhàpadaü:
Tasseva kho pana bhikkhussa bhikkhå
honti anuvattakà vaggavàdakà, eko và dve và tayo và, te evaü vadeyyuü:
ßMà àyasmanto etaü bhikkhuü ki¤ci avacuttha, dhammavàdã ceso bhikkhu,
vinayavàdã ceso bhikkhu, amhàka¤-ceso bhikkhu; chanda¤-ca, ruci¤-ca
àdàya voharati, jànàti no bhàsati, amhàkam-petaü khamatãû-ti. Te bhikkhå
bhikkhåhi evam-assu vacanãyà: ßMà àyasmanto evaü avacuttha. Na ceso
bhikkhu dhammavàdã, na ceso bhikkhu vinayavàdã. Mà àyasmantànam-pi
saïghabhedo ruccittha. Sametàyasmantànaü saïghena, samaggo hi saïgho
sammodamàno avivadamàno ekuddeso phàsu viharatãû-ti. Eva¤-ca te bhikkhå
bhikkhåhi vuccamànà tatheva paggaõheyyuü, te bhikkhå bhikkhåhi
yàvatatiyaü samanubhàsitabbà tassa pañinissaggàya. Yàvatatiya¤-ce
samanubhàsiyamànà taü pañinissajeyyuü, iccetaü kusalaü. No ce
pañinissajeyyuü, saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 462] [\x 462/]
Sd 12: Dubbacasikkhàpadaü:
Bhikkhu paneva dubbacajàtiko hoti.
Uddesapariyàpannesu sikkhàpadesu bhikkhåhi sahadhammikaü vuccamàno
attànaü avacanãyaü karoti: ßMà maü àyasmanto ki¤ci avacuttha, kalyàõaü
và pàpakaü và. Aham-pàyasmante na ki¤ci vakkhàmi, kalyàõaü và pàpakaü
và. Viramathàyasmanto mama vacanàyàû-ti. So bhikkhu bhikkhåhi evam-assa
vacanãyo: ßMà àyasmà attànaü avacanãyaü akàsi. Vacanãyam-evàyasmà
attànaü karotu. âyasmà pi bhikkhå vadetu sahadhammena, bhikkhå pi
àyasmantaü vakkhanti sahadhammena. Evaü saüvaddhà hi tassa Bhagavato
parisà, yadidaü a¤¤am-a¤¤avacanena a¤¤am-a¤¤avuññhàpanenàû-ti. Eva¤-ca
so bhikkhu bhikkhåhi vuccamàno tatheva paggaõheyya, so bhikkhu bhikkhåhi
yàvatatiyaü samanubhàsitabbo tassa pañinissaggàya. Yàvatatiya¤-ce
samanubhàsiyamàno taü pañinissajeyya iccetaü kusalaü. No ce
pañinissajeyya, saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 476] [\x 476/]
Sd 13: Kuladåsakasikkhàpadaü:
Bhikkhu paneva a¤¤ataraü gàmaü và
nigamaü và upanissàya viharati kuladåsako pàpasamàcàro. Tassa kho pàpakà
samàcàrà dissanti ceva suyyanti ca. Kulàni ca tena duññhàni dissanti
ceva suyyanti ca. So bhikkhu bhikkhåhi evam-assa vacanãyo: ßâyasmà kho
kuladåsako pàpasamàcàro. âyasmato kho pàpakà samàcàrà dissanti ceva
suyyanti ca. Kulàni càyasmatà duññhàni dissanti ceva suyyanti ca.
Pakkamatàyasmà imamhà àvàsà. Alan-te idha vàsenàû-ti. Eva¤-ca so bhikkhu
bhikkhåhi vuccamàno te bhikkhå evaü vadeyya: ßChandagàmino ca bhikkhå,
dosagàmino ca bhikkhå, mohagàmino ca bhikkhå, bhayagàmino ca bhikkhå.
Tàdisikàya àpattiyà ekaccaü pabbàjenti, ekaccaü na pabbàjentãû-ti. So
bhikkhu bhikkhåhi evam-assa vacanãyo: ßMà àyasmà evaü avaca, na ca
bhikkhå chandagàmino, na ca bhikkhå dosagàmino, na ca bhikkhå
mohagàmino, na ca bhikkhå bhayagàmino. âyasmà kho kuladåsako
pàpasamàcàro. âyasmato kho pàpakà samàcàrà dissanti ceva suyyanti ca.
Kulàni càyasmatà duññhàni dissanti ceva suyyanti ca. Pakkamatàyasmà
imamhà àvàsà. Alan-te idha vàsenàû-ti. Eva¤-ca so bhikkhu bhikkhåhi
vuccamàno tatheva paggaõheyya, so bhikkhu bhikkhåhi yàvatatiyaü
samanubhàsitabbo tassa pañinissaggàya. Yàvatatiya¤-ce samanubhàsiyamàno
taü pañinissajeyya iccetaü kusalaü. No ce pañinissajeyya, saïghàdiseso.
[BJT Vol I, Page 482] [\x 482/]
Uddiññhà kho àyasmanto terasa
saïghàdisesà dhammà, nava pañhamàpattikà cattàro yàvatatiyakà. Yesaü
bhikkhu a¤¤ataraü và a¤¤ataraü và àpajjitvà, yàvatihaü jànaü
pañicchàdeti, tàvatihaü tena bhikkhunà akàmà parivatthabbaü.
Parivutthaparivàsena bhikkhunà uttarichàrattaü bhikkhumànattàya
pañipajjitabbaü. Ciõõamànatto bhikkhu: yattha siyà vãsatigaõo
bhikkhusaïgho, tattha so bhikkhu abbhetabbo. Ekena pi ce åno vãsatigaõo
bhikkhusaïgho taü bhikkhuü abbheyya, so ca bhikkhu anabbhito, te ca
bhikkhå gàrayhà. Ayaü tattha sàmãci.
Tatthàyasmante pucchàmi: kaccittha parisuddhà?
Dutiyam-pi pucchàmi: kaccittha parisuddhà?
Tatiyam-pi pucchàmi: kaccittha parisuddhà?
Parisuddhetthàyasmanto, tasmà tuõhã, evam-etaü dhàrayàmi.
Saïghàdiseso niññhito
[BJT Vol I, Page 484] [\x 484/]
Ime kho panàyasmanto dve aniyatà dhammà uddesaü àgacchanti.
[BJT Vol I, Page 486] [\x 486/]
Aniy 1: Pañhama-aniyatasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu màtugàmena saddhiü eko
ekàya raho pañicchanne àsane alaïkammaniye nisajjaü kappeyya. Tam-enaü
saddheyyavacasà upàsikà disvà tiõõaü dhammànaü a¤¤atarena vadeyya:
pàràjikena và saïghàdisesena và pàcittiyena và. Nisajjaü bhikkhu
pañijànamàno tiõõaü dhammànaü a¤¤atarena kàretabbo: pàràjikena và
saïghàdisesena và pàcittiyena và. Yena và sà saddheyyavacasà upàsikà
vadeyya, tena so bhikkhu kàretabbo. Ayaü dhammo aniyato.
[BJT Vol I, Page 492] [\x 492/]
Aniy 2: Dutiya-aniyatasikkhàpadaü:
Na heva kho pana pañicchannaü àsanaü
hoti nàlaïkammaniyaü. Ala¤-ca kho hoti màtugàmaü duññhullàhi vàcàhi
obhàsituü. Yo pana bhikkhu tathàråpe àsane màtugàmena saddhiü eko ekàya
raho nisajjaü kappeyya. Tam-enaü saddheyyavacasà upàsikà disvà dvinnaü
dhammànaü a¤¤atarena vadeyya saïghàdisesena và pàcittiyena và. Nisajjaü
bhikkhu pañijànamàno dvinnaü dhammànaü a¤¤atarena kàretabbo
saïghàdisesena và pàcittiyena và. Yena và sà saddheyyavacasà upàsikà
vadeyya, tena so bhikkhu kàretabbo. Ayam-pi dhammo aniyato.
[BJT Vol I, Page 496] [\x 496/]
Uddiññhà kho àyasmanto dve aniyatà dhammà.
Tatthàyasmante pucchàmi: kaccittha parisuddhà?
Dutiyam-pi pucchàmi: kaccittha parisuddhà?
Tatiyam-pi pucchàmi: kaccittha parisuddhà?
Parisuddhetthàyasmanto, tasmà tuõhã, evam-etaü dhàrayàmi.
Aniyato niññhito
[BJT Vol I, Page 498] [\x 498/]
Ime kho panàyasmanto tiüsa nissaggiyà pàcittiyà dhammà uddesaü àgacchanti.
[BJT Vol I, Page 500] [\x 500/]
NP 1: Pañhamakañhinasikkhàpadaü:
Niññhitacãvarasmiü bhikkhunà
ubbhatasmiü kañhine, dasàhaparamaü atirekacãvaraü dhàretabbaü. Taü
atikkàmayato, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 504] [\x 504/]
NP 2: Dutiyakañhinasikkhàpadaü:
Niññhitacãvarasmiü bhikkhunà
ubbhatasmiü kañhine, ekarattam-pi ce bhikkhu ticãvarena vippavaseyya,
a¤¤atra bhikkhusammutiyà, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 512] [\x 512/]
NP 3: Tatiyakañhinasikkhàpadaü:
Niññhitacãvarasmiü bhikkhunà
ubbhatasmiü kañhine, bhikkhuno paneva akàlacãvaraü uppajjeyya.
âkaïkhamànena bhikkhunà pañiggahetabbaü, pañiggahetvà khippam-eva
kàretabbaü. No cassa pàripåri, màsaparamaü tena bhikkhunà taü cãvaraü
nikkhipitabbaü ånassa pàripåriyà, satiyà paccàsàya. Tato ce uttariü
nikkhipeyya, satiyà pi paccàsàya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 518] [\x 518/]
NP 4: Puràõacãvarasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu a¤¤àtikàya bhikkhuniyà puràõacãvaraü dhovàpeyya và rajàpeyya và àkoñàpeyya và, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 524] [\x 524/]
NP 5: Cãvarapañiggahaõasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu a¤¤àtikàya bhikkhuniyà hatthato cãvaraü pañiggaõheyya, a¤¤atra pàrivaññakà, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 530] [\x 530/]
NP 6: A¤¤àtakavi¤¤attisikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu a¤¤àtakaü gahapatiü và gahapatàniü và cãvaraü vi¤¤àpeyya, a¤¤atra samayà, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
Tatthàyaü samayo: acchinnacãvaro và hoti bhikkhu naññhacãvaro và - ayaü tattha samayo.
[BJT Vol I, Page 534] [\x 534/]
NP 7: Tatuttarisikkhàpadaü:
Ta¤-ce
a¤¤àtako gahapati và gahapatànã và bahåhi cãvarehi abhihaññhuü
pavàreyya, santaruttaraparamaü tena bhikkhunà tato cãvaraü sàditabbaü.
Tato ce uttariü 12 sàdiyeyya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 536] [\x 536/]
NP 8: Pañhama-upakkhañasikkhàpadaü:
Bhikkhuü paneva uddissa a¤¤àtakassa gahapatissa và gahapatàniyà và cãvaracetàpannaü 13
upakkhañaü hoti: ßIminà cãvaracetàpannena cãvaraü cetàpetvà itthannàmaü
bhikkhuü cãvarena acchàdessàmãû-ti. Tatra ce so bhikkhu pubbe
appavàrito upasaïkamitvà cãvare vikappaü àpajjeyya: ßSàdhu vata maü
àyasmà iminà cãvaracetàpannena evaråpaü và evaråpaü và cãvaraü cetàpetvà
acchàdehãû-ti. Kalyàõakamyataü upàdàya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 542] [\x 542/]
NP 9: Dutiya-upakkhañasikkhàpadaü:
Bhikkhuü paneva uddissa ubhinnaü
a¤¤àtakànaü gahapatãnaü và gahapatànãnaü và paccekacãvaracetàpannà
upakkhañà honti: ßImehi mayaü paccekacãvaracetàpannehi paccekacãvaràni
cetàpetvà itthannàmaü bhikkhuü cãvarehi acchàdessàmàû-ti. Tatra ce so
bhikkhu pubbe appavàrito upasaïkamitvà cãvare vikappaü àpajjeyya: ßSàdhu
vata maü àyasmanto imehi paccekacãvaracetàpannehi evaråpaü và evaråpaü
và cãvaraü cetàpetvà acchàdetha ubho va santà ekenàû-ti. Kalyàõakamyataü
upàdàya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 548] [\x 548/]
NP 10: Ràjasikkhàpadaü:
Bhikkhuü
paneva uddissa ràjà và ràjabhoggo và bràhmaõo và gahapatiko và dåtena
cãvaracetàpannaü pahiõeyya: ßIminà cãvaracetàpanena cãvaraü cetàpetvà
itthannàmaü bhikkhuü cãvarena acchàdehãû-ti. So ce dåto taü bhikkhuü
upasaïkamitvà evaü vadeyya: ßIdaü kho bhante àyasmantaü uddissa
cãvaracetàpannaü àbhataü, pañiggaõhàtu 14
àyasmà cãvaracetàpannanû-ti. Tena bhikkhunà so dåto evam-assa vacanãyo:
ßNa kho mayaü àvuso cãvaracetàpannaü pañiggaõhàma cãvara¤-ca kho mayaü
pañiggaõhàma kàlena kappiyanû-ti. So ce dåto taü bhikkhuü evaü vadeyya:
ßAtthi panàyasmato koci veyyàvacakaroû ti. ßCãvaratthikena bhikkhave
bhikkhunà veyyàvaccakaro niddisitabbo àràmiko và upàsako và: ßEso kho
àvuso bhikkhånaü veyyàvaccakaroû ti. So ce dåto taü veyyàvaccakaraü
sa¤¤àpetvà taü bhikkhuü upasaïkamitvà evaü vadeyya: ßYaü kho bhante
àyasmà veyyàvaccakaraü niddisi, sa¤¤atto so mayà. Upasaïkamatu àyasmà
kàlena, cãvarena taü acchàdessatãû-ti. Cãvaratthikena bhikkhave
bhikkhunà veyyàvaccakaro upasaïkamitvà dvattikkhattuü codetabbo
sàretabbo: ßAttho me àvuso cãvarenàû-ti. Dvattikkhattuü codayamàno
sàrayamàno taü cãvaraü abhinipphàdeyya, iccetaü kusalaü. No ce
abhinipphàdeyya, catukkhattuü pa¤cakkhattuü chakkhattuü paramaü
tuõhãbhåtena uddissa ñhàtabbaü. Catukkhattuü pa¤cakkhattuü chakkhattuü
paramaü tuõhãbhåto uddissa tiññhamàno taü cãvaraü abhinipphàdeyya,
iccetaü kusalaü. Tato ce uttariü vàyamamàno taü cãvaraü abhinipphàdeyya,
nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
No ce abhinipphàdeyya, yatassa cãvaracetàpannaü àbhataü tattha sàmaü
và gantabbaü dåto và pàhetabbo: ßYaü kho tumhe àyasmanto bhikkhuü
uddissa cãvaracetàpannaü pahiõittha, na taü tassa bhikkhuno ki¤ci atthaü
anubhoti, yu¤jantàyasmanto sakaü, mà vo sakaü vinassàû-ti. Ayaü tattha
sàmãci.
Cãvaravaggo pañhamo
[BJT Vol I, Page 554] [\x 554/]
NP 11: Kosiyasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu Kosiyamissakaü santhataü kàràpeyya, nissaggiyaü 15 pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 556] [\x 556/]
NP 12: Suddhakàëakasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu suddhakàëakànaü eëakalomànaü santhataü kàràpeyya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 560] [\x 560/]
NP 13: Dvebhàgasikkhàpadaü:
Navaü pana bhikkhunà santhataü
kàrayamànena dve bhàgà suddhakàëakànaü eëakalomànaü àdàtabbà, tatiyaü
odàtànaü catutthaü gocariyànaü. Anàdà ce bhikkhu dve bhàge
suddhakàëakànaü eëakalomànaü tatiyaü odàtànaü catutthaü gocariyànaü
navaü santhataü kàràpeyya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 564] [\x 564/]
NP 14: Chabbassisikkhàpadaü:
Navaü pana bhikkhunà santhataü
kàràpetvà chabbassàni dhàretabbaü. Orena ce channaü vassànaü taü
santhataü vissajjetvà và avissajjetvà và a¤¤aü navaü santhataü
kàràpeyya, a¤¤atra bhikkhusammutiyà, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 570] [\x 570/]
NP 15: Nisãdanasanthatasikkhàpadaü:
Nisãdanasanthataü pana bhikkhunà
kàrayamànena puràõasanthatassa sàmantà Sugatavidatthã àdàtabbà
dubbaõõakaraõàya, ànàda ce bhikkhu puràõasanthatassa sàmantà
Sugatavidatthiü navaü nisãdanasanthataü kàràpeyya, nissaggiyaü
pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 572] [\x 572/]
NP 16: Eëakalomasikkhàpadaü:
Bhikkhuno paneva
addhànamaggappañipannassa eëakalomàni uppajjeyyuü. âkaïkhamànena
bhikkhunà pañiggahetabbàni. Pañiggahetvà tiyojanaparamaü sahatthà
haritabbàni, asante hàrake. Tato ce uttariü hareyya asante pi hàrake,
nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 576] [\x 576/]
NP 17: Eëakalomadhovàpanasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu a¤¤àtikàya bhikkhuniyà eëakalomàni dhovàpeyya và rajàpeyya và vijañàpeyya và, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 580] [\x 580/]
NP 18: Råpiyasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu jàtaråparajataü uggaõheyya và uggaõhàpeyya và upanikkhittaü và sàdiyeyya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 584] [\x 584/]
NP 19: Råpiyasaüvohàrasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu nànappakàrakaü råpiyasaüvohàraü samàpajjeyya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 590] [\x 590/]
NP 20: Kayavikkayasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu nànappakàrakaü kayavikkayaü samàpajjeyya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
Kosiyavaggo dutiyo
[BJT Vol I, Page 594] [\x 594/]
NP 21: Pattasikkhàpadaü:
Dasàhaparamaü atirekapatto dhàretabbo. Taü atikkàmayato, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 600] [\x 600/]
NP 22: ænapa¤cabandhanasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu ånapa¤cabandhanena pattena a¤¤aü navaü pattaü cetàpeyya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
Tena bhikkhunà so patto bhikkhuparisàya nissajitabbo. Yo ca tassà
bhikkhuparisàya pattapariyanto, so tassa bhikkhuno padàtabbo: ßAyaü te
bhikkhu patto, yàva bhedanàya dhàretabboû ti. Ayaü tattha sàmãci.
[BJT Vol I, Page 610] [\x 610/]
NP 23: Bhesajjasikkhàpadaü:
Yàni kho pana tàni gilànànaü
bhikkhånaü pañisàyanãyàni bhesajjàni, seyyathãdaü: sappi, navanãtaü,
telaü, madhu, phàõitaü; tàni pañiggahetvà sattàhaparamaü sannidhikàrakaü
paribhu¤jitabbàni. Taü atikkàmayato, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 614] [\x 614/]
NP 24: Vassikasàñikasikkhàpadaü:
ßMàso seso gimhànanû-ti: bhikkhunà
vassikasàñikacãvaraü pariyesitabbam. ßAddhamàso seso gimhànanû-ti: katvà
nivàsetabbaü. ßOrena ce màso seso gimhànanû-ti: vassikasàñikacãvaraü
pariyeseyya. ßOrenaddhamàso seso gimhànanû-ti: katvà nivàseyya,
nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 618] [\x 618/]
NP 25: Cãvara-acchindanasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhussa sàmaü cãvaraü datvà kupito 16 anattamano acchindeyya và acchindàpeyya và, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 620] [\x 620/]
NP 26: Suttavi¤¤attisikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu sàmaü suttaü vi¤¤àpetvà tantavàyehi cãvaraü vàyàpeyya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 624] [\x 624/]
NP 27: Mahàpesakàrasikkhàpadaü:
Bhikkhuü paneva uddissa a¤¤àtako
gahapati và gahapatànã và tantavàyehi cãvaraü vàyàpeyya. Tatra ce so
bhikkhu pubbe appavàrito tantavàye upasaïkamitvà cãvare vikappaü
àpajjeyya: ßIdaü kho àvuso cãvaraü maü uddissa viyyati àyata¤-ca
karotha, vitthata¤-ca, appita¤-ca, suvãta¤-ca, suppavàyita¤-ca,
suvilekhita¤-ca, suvitacchita¤-ca karotha; appeva nàma mayam-pi
àyasmantànaü ki¤cimattaü anupadajjeyyàmàû-ti. Eva¤-ca so bhikkhu vatvà
ki¤cimattaü anupadajjeyya antamaso piõóapàtamattam-pi, nissaggiyaü
pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 630] [\x 630/]
NP 28: Accekacãvarasikkhàpadaü:
Dasàhànàgataü kattikatemàsikapuõõamaü,
bhikkhuno paneva accekacãvaraü uppajjeyya, accekaü ma¤¤amànena
bhikkhunà pañiggahetabbaü. Pañiggahetvà yàva cãvarakàlasamayaü
nikkhipitabbaü. Tato ce uttariü nikkhipeyya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 634] [\x 634/]
NP 29: Sàsaïkhasikkhàpadaü:
Upavassaü kho pana kattikapuõõamaü
yàni kho pana tàni àra¤¤akàni senàsanàni sàsaïkasammatàni
sappañibhayàni, tathà råpesu bhikkhu senàsanesu viharanto àkaïkhamàno
tiõõaü cãvarànaü a¤¤ataraü cãvaraü antaraghare nikkhipeyya. Siyà ca
tassa bhikkhuno kocid-eva paccayo tena cãvarena vippavàsàya,
chàrattaparamaü tena bhikkhunà tena cãvarena vippavasitabbaü. Tato ce
uttariü vippavaseyya, a¤¤atra bhikkhusammutiyà, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
[BJT Vol I, Page 638] [\x 638/]
NP 30: Pariõatasikkhàpadaü:
Yo pana bhikkhu jànaü saïghikaü làbhaü pariõataü attano pariõàmeyya, nissaggiyaü pàcittiyaü.
Pattavaggo tatiyo
[BJT Vol I, Page 640] [\x 640/]
Uddiññhà kho àyasmanto tiüsa nissaggiyà pàcittiyà dhammà.
Tatthàyasmante pucchàmi: kaccittha parisuddhà?
Dutiyam-pi pucchàmi: kaccittha parisuddhà?
Tatiyam-pi pucchàmi: kaccittha parisuddhà?
Parisuddhetthàyasmanto, tasmà tuõhã, evam-etaü dhàrayàmi.
Nissaggiyapàcittiyà niññhità
Bhikkhupàtimokkhapàëi Home Page Word Index
End Notes
1
Editor’s note: It seems every tradition has its own way of introducing
the recital of the Pàtimokkha. Here only two of the simpler ways are
included. Either the âràdhanà & Okàsakammaü is recited; or the
Pubbakiccaü (but not both).
2 The bracketed headings for the various sections are supplied from the ChS edition of the Bhikkhupàtimokkhapàëi.
3 BJT note: Suõàtu me bhante saïgho, ajja uposatho paõõaraso - PTS
4 The following 5 lines are not in BJT.
5 BJT note: This reading is not seen in some books.
6 The Pàràjika rules in BJT are listed simply as Pañhama-, Dutiya-, Tatiya-, & Catutthapàràjikaü;
without further identification. Most of the other rules have mnenomic
titles usually connected with the wording of the rule, or the occasion
for it (but see the notes to the Pàñidesanãya & Sekhiya rules
below). The titles in brackets in this section are taken from the ChS
edition of the text.
7 Editor’s note: BJT, Bhikkhuhi here, elsewhere bhikkhåhi.
8 Editor’s note: BJT, Kaccãttha here, elsewhere kaccittha.
9 Editor’s note: BJT, Tuõhi here, elsewhere tuõhã.
10 Editor’s note: this is the end title in BJT, the heading simply reads Pañhamasaïghàdisesà, but all the rest of these training rules are given distinctive titles.
11 BJT note: Pañinissajjeyya - ChS.
12 BJT note: Uttari - ChS
13 BJT note: Cãvaracetàpanaü - Thai.
14 Editor’s note: BJT, patiggaõh- here, but pañigaõh- in NP5 above.
15 Editor’s note: BJT, Nissaggãyaü, printer’s error.
16 Editor’s note: BJT, Kåpito - printer’s error.