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146. Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court

(1) Appointments of officers and servants of the Supreme Court shall
be made by the Chief Justice of India or such other Judge or officer
of the Court as he may direct:

Provided that the President may by rule require that in such cases as
may be specified in the rule, no person not already attached to the
Court shall be appointed to any office connected with the Court, save
after consultation with the Union Public Service Commission.

(2) Subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament, the
conditions of service of officers and servants of the Supreme Court
shall be such as may be prescribed by rules made by the Chief Justice
of India or by some other Judge or officer of the Court authorised by
the Chief Justice of India to make rules for the purpose:

Provided that the rules made under this clause shall, so far as they
relate to salaries, allowances, leave or pensions, require the
approval of the President.

(3) The administrative expenses of the Supreme Court, including all
salaries, allowances and pensions payable to or in respect of the
officers and servants of the Court, shall be charged upon the
Consolidated Fund of India, and any fees or other moneys taken by the
Court shall form part of that Fund.

147. Interpretation.

CHAPTER IV.-THE UNION JUDICIARY

147. Interpretation

In this Chapter and in Chapter V of Part VI,
references to any substantial question of law as to the interpretation
of this Constitution shall be construed as including references to any
substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Government
of India Act, 1935 (including any enactment amending or supplementing
that Act), or of any Order in Council or order made thereunder, or of
the Indian Independence Act, 1947, or of any order made thereunder.

CHAPTER V.-COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA

ARTICLE

148. Comptroller and Auditor General of India

PART V

THE UNION

CHAPTER V.-COMPTROLLER AND
AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA

148. Comptroller and
Auditor-Genral of
India.-

(1) There shall be a Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India who shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand
and seal and shall only be removed from office in like manner and on the like
grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court.(2) Every person appointed to be the Comptroller
and Auditor-General of India shall, before he enters upon his office, make
and subscribe before the President, or some person appointed in that behalf by
him, an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in
the Third Schedule.(3) The salary and other conditions of service of
the Comptroller and
Auditor-General shall be such as may be determined by Parliament by
law and, until they are so determined, shall be as specified in the
Second Schedule:Provided that neither the salary of a Comptroller
and Auditor-General nor his rights in respect of leave of absence,
pension or age of retirement shall be varied to his disadvantage after
his appointment.(4) The Comptroller and
Auditor-General shall not be eligible for
further office either under the Government of India or under
the
Government of any State after he has ceased to hold his office.(5) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and
of any law made
by Parliament, the conditions of service of persons serving in the
Indian Audit and Accounts Department and the administrative powers of the
Comptroller and Auditor-General shall be such as may be prescribed by rules made by the
President after consultation with the Comptroller and Auditor-General.
(6) The administrative expenses of the office of
the Comptroller and
Auditor-General, including all salaries, allowances and
pensions
payable to or in respect of persons serving in that office, shall be
charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India.

149. Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.

PART V

THE UNION

CHAPTER V.-COMPTROLLER AND
AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA

149. Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.-

The
Comptroller and Auditor-General shall perform such duties and exercise
such powers in relation to the accounts of the Union and of the States
and of any other authority or body as may be prescribed by or under
any law made by Parliament and, until provision in that behalf is so
made, shall perform such duties and exercise such powers in relation
to the accounts of the Union and of the States as were conferred on or
exercisable by the Auditor-General of India immediately before the
commencement of this Constitution in relation to the accounts of the
Dominion of India and of the Provinces respectively.

150. Form of accounts of the Union and of the States.

PART V

THE UNION

CHAPTER V.-COMPTROLLER AND
AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA

_112[150. Form of accounts of the Union and of the States.-

The
accounts of the Union and of the States shall be kept in such form as
the President may, _113[on the advice of] the Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India, prescribe.]

151. Audit reports.

PART V

THE UNION

CHAPTER V.-COMPTROLLER AND
AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA

151. Audit reports.-

(1) The reports of the Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of the Union shall
be submitted to the President, who shall cause them to be laid before
each House of Parliament.

(2) The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India
relating to the accounts of a State shall be submitted to the
Governor_114*** of the State, who shall cause them to be laid before
the Legislature of the State.

132. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Appeals from High Courts in certain cases.

132. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High
Courts in certain cases.-

(1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court
from any judgment, decree or final order of a High Court in the
territory of India, whether in a civil, criminal or other proceeding,
_94[if the High Court certifies under article 134A] that the case
involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of
this Constitution.

_95* * * * *

(3) Where such a certificate is given, _96*** any party in the case
may appeal to the Supreme Court on the ground that any such question
as aforesaid has been wrongly decided _96***.

Explanation.-For the purposes of this article, the expression “final
order” includes an order deciding an issue which, if decided in favour
of the appellant, would be sufficient for the final disposal of the
case.

133. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to civil matters.

133. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High
Courts in regard to civil matters.-

_97[(1) An appeal shall lie to the
Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order in a civil
proceeding of a High Court in the territory of India _98[if the High
Court certifies under article 134A-]

(a) that the case involves a substantial question of law of general
importance; and

(b) that in the opinion of the High Court the said question needs to
be decided by the Supreme Court.]

(2) Notwithstanding anything in article 132, any party appealing to
the Supreme Court under clause (1) may urge as one of the grounds in
such appeal that a substantial question of law as to the
interpretation of this Constitution has been wrongly decided.

(3) Notwithstanding anything in this article, no appeal shall, unless
Parliament by law otherwise provides, lie to the Supreme Court from
the judgment, decree or final order of one Judge of a High Court.

134. Appellate of jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.

134. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal
matters.-

(1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any
judgment, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High
Court in the territory of India if the High Court-

(a) has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal of an accused person
and sentenced him to death; or

(b) has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any court
subordinate to its authority and has in such trial convicted the
accused person and sentenced him to death; or

Provided that an appeal under sub-clause (c) shall lie subject to such
provisions as may be made in that behalf under clause (1) of article 145
and to such conditions as the High Court may establish or require.

(2) Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court any further
powers to entertain and hear appeals from any judgment, final order or
sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court in the territory of
India subject to such conditions and limitations as may be specified
in such law.

134A. Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court.

_100[134A. Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court

Every High
Court, passing or making a judgment, decree, final order, or sentence,
referred to in clause (1) of article 132 or clause (1) of article 133,
or clause (1) of article 134,-

(a) may, if it deems fit so to do, on its own motion; and

(b) shall, if an oral application is made, by or on behalf of the
party aggrieved, immediately after the passing or making of such
judgment, decree, final order or sentence,

determine, as soon as may be after such passing or making, the
question whether a certificate of the nature referred to in clause (1)
of article 132, or clause (1) of article 133 or, as the case may be,
sub-clause (c) of clause (1) of article 134, may be given in respect
of that case.]

135. Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.

135. Jurisdiction
and powers of the Federal Court under existing law
to be exercisable by the Supreme
Court.-

Until Parliament by law
otherwise provides, the Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction and
powers with respect to any matter to which the provisions of
article
133 or article 134 do not apply if jurisdiction and powers in relation
to that matter were exercisable by the
Federal Court immediately
before the commencement of this Constitution under any existing law.

136. Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court.

136. Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court

(1)
Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Supreme Court may, in
its discretion, grant special leave to appeal from any judgment,
decree, determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter passed
or made by any court or tribunal in the territory of India.

(2) Nothing in clause (1) shall apply to any judgment, determination,
sentence or order passed or made by any court or tribunal constituted
by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces.

137. Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.

137. Review of
judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.-

Subject to
the provisions of any law made by Parliament or any rules made
under
article 145, the Supreme Court shall have power to review any judgment
pronounced or order made by it.

138. Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

138. Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court

(1) The
Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers with
respect to any of the matters in the Union List as Parliament may by
law confer.

(2) The Supreme Court shall have such further jurisdiction and powers
with respect to any matter as the Government of India and the
Government of any State may by special agreement confer, if Parliament
by law provides for the exercise of such jurisdiction and powers by
the Supreme Court.

139. Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.

139. Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain
writs

Parliament may by law confer on the Supreme Court power to
issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of
habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or
any of them, for any purposes other than those mentioned in clause (2)
of article 32.

139A. Transfer of certain cases.

_101[139A. Transfer of certain cases

_102[ (1) Where cases involving
the same or substantially the same questions of law are pending before
the Supreme Court and one or more High Courts or before two or more
High Courts and the Supreme Court is satisfied on its own motion or on
an application made by the Attorney-General of India or by a party to
any such case that such questions are substantial questions of general
importance, the Supreme Court may withdraw the case or cases pending
before the High Court or the High Courts and dispose of all the cases
itself:

Provided that the Supreme Court may after determining the said
questions of law return any case so withdrawn together with a copy of
its judgment on such questions to the High Court from which the case
has been withdrawn, and the High Court shall on receipt thereof,
proceed to dispose of the case in conformity with such judgment.]

(2) The Supreme Court may, if it deems it expedient so to do for the
ends of justice, transfer any case, appeal or other proceedings
pending before any High Court to any other High Court.]

140. Ancillary powers of Supreme Court.

140. Ancillary powers of Supreme Court.-

Parliament may by law make
provision for conferring upon the Supreme Court such supplemental
powers not inconsistent with any of the provisions of this
Constitution as may appear to be necessary or desirable for the
purpose of enabling the Court more effectively to exercise the
jurisdiction conferred upon it by or under this Constitution.

141. Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.

141. Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts

The
law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts
within the territory of India.

142. Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.