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1-10 early to recent Chronology of Pali Canon
Thomas William Rhys Davids in his Buddhist India (p. 188) has given a
chronological table of Buddhist literature from the time of the Buddha
to the time of Ashoka which is as follows:
1. The simple statements of Buddhist doctrine now found, in identical
words, in paragraphs or verses recurring in all the books.
2. Episodes found, in identical words, in two or more of the existing books.
3. The Silas, the Parayana, the Octades, the Patimokkha.
4. The Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, and Samyutta Nikayas.
5. The Sutta Nipata, the Thera and Theri Gathas, the Udanas, and the Khuddaka Patha.
6. The Sutta Vibhanga, and Khandhkas.
7. The Jatakas and the Dhammapadas.
8. The Niddesa, the Itivuttakas and the Patisambbhida.
9. The Peta and Vimana-Vatthus, the Apadana, the Cariya-Pitaka, and the Buddhavamsa.
10. The Abhidhamma books; the last of which is the Katha-Vatthu, and the earliest probably the Puggala-Pannatti.
Those listed at the top or near the top, such as numbers one to five,
are considered the earliest, oldest texts and the most likely to be
authentic and the exact words of the Buddha. The later texts and the
commentaries and the Visuddhimagga, are held in very high esteem by
Classical Theravada, whereas, the Modern Theravada focuses on the
earliest teachings of the Buddha.
Modern Theravada
Main article: Modern Theravada
Bhikkhu Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera and others have their doubts, as do
modern scholars about the later texts and if they are Buddhavacana
(exact words of Buddha) or not. Modern Theravadins probably hold a
slight variety of opinions but probably take one of the following:
1. The first four Nikayas in their entirety are Buddhavacana, plus the
following books from the Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka,
Sutta Nipata, Theragatha, and Therigatha; and the Patimokkha from the
Vinaya. (That would still make the Buddhavacana portion of the Tipitaka
roughly 30 out of 40 volumes.)
2. All of the above, plus the
other books of the Khuddaka Nikaya, plus the other Vinaya books, plus
the Abhidhamma, but see them as written by later disciples of the
Buddha, who may have been arahants and thus, still worthy to be included
in the Canon, although not likely part of Original Buddhism.
The
scholar monks Ajahn Sujato and Ajahn Brahmali have written the book The
Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts and they are in agreement with
number one above, consisting of the first 4 Nikayas and some of the
Khuddaka Nikaya as Buddhavacana.
See also: Original Buddhism
References
http://www.thedhamma.com/
The Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts Buddhist Publication Society, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 early to recent Chronology of Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids in his Buddhist India (p. 188) has given a
chronological table of Buddhist literature from the time of the Buddha
to the time of Ashoka which is as follows:
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1-10 kumayambiriro kwa posachedwa Chronology ya Pali Canon Thomas
William Rhys Davids mu Buddhist India (tsamba 188) wapereka mndandanda
wa mabuku a Chibuda kuyambira nthawi ya Buddha mpaka nthawi ya Ashoka
yomwe ili motere: 1. Mau ophweka a chiphunzitso cha Chibuddha tsopano amapezeka, m’mawu omwewo, ndime kapena mavesi omwe akupezeka m’mabuku onse. 2. Mipukutu yopezeka, mwa mawu ofanana, m’mabuku awiri kapena angapo omwe alipo. 3. Sila, Parayana, Octades, Patimokkha. 4. The Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, ndi Samyutta Nikayas. 5. Sutta Nipata, Thera ndi Theri Gathas, Udanas, ndi Khuddaka Patha. 6. Sutta Vibhanga, ndi Khandhkas. 7. Jatakas ndi Dhammapadas. 8. Niddesa, Itivuttakas ndi Patisambbida. 9. Peta ndi Vimana-Vatthus, Apadana, Cariya-Pitaka, ndi Buddhavamsa. 10. Mabuku a Abhidhamma; Chotsatira chake ndi Katha-Vatthu, ndipo poyamba ndi Puggala-Pannatti. Olembedwa
pamwamba kapena pafupi ndi pamwamba, monga nambala imodzi mpaka zisanu,
amawerengedwa kuti ndi akale kwambiri, malemba akale kwambiri ndipo
amatha kukhala owona komanso mawu enieni a Buddha. Malemba
a pambuyo pake ndi ndemanga ndi Visuddhimagga, amalemekezedwa kwambiri
ndi Theravada ya kale, pomwe, Theravada yamasiku ano ikuyang’ana pa
ziphunzitso zoyambirira za Buddha.
Theravada yamakono Nkhani yaikulu: Theravada yamakono Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera ndi ena akukayikira, monga momwe akatswiri
amakono amavomerezera za malemba awo ndipo ngati ali Buddhavacana (mau
enieni a Buddha) kapena ayi. Theravadins zamakono zimakhala ndi maganizo osiyana koma mwina zimakhala ndi zotsatirazi: 1.
Nikaya zonse zoyambirira ndizo Buddhavacana, komanso mabuku otsatirawa
kuchokera ku Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta
Nipata, Theragatha, ndi Therigatha; ndi Patimokkha kuchokera ku Vinaya. (Izo zikanati zipangitse gawo la Buddhavacana gawo la Tipitaka pafupifupi 30 mwa mabuku 40.) 2.
Zonsezi, kuphatikizapo mabuku ena a Khuddaka Nikaya, kuphatikizapo
mabuku ena a Vinaya, kuphatikizapo Abhidhamma, koma awone iwo olembedwa
ndi ophunzira a Buddha omwe adakalipo kale, omwe adakali oyenera kukhala
zinalembedwa mu Canon, ngakhale kuti sizili mbali ya Original Buddhism. Akon
Sujato ndi ambuye a Ajahn Brahmali omwe ndi akatswiri a maphunziro a
zaumulungu alemba buku lakuti Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts ndipo
akugwirizana ndi nambala imodzi pamwambapa, yomwe ili ndi Nikayas 4
yoyamba ndi ena a Khuddaka Nikaya monga Buddhavacana. Onaninso: Choyamba Buddhism
Zolemba Bukhu Lathunthu la Mndandanda wa Buddha - Yofotokozedwa. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Zoona Zoyambirira za Buddhist Texts Buddhist Publication Society, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 kumayambiriro kwaposachedwapa Chronology ya Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids mu Buddhist India (tsamba 188) wapereka mndandanda
wa mabuku a Chibuda kuyambira nthawi ya Buddha mpaka nthawi ya Ashoka
yomwe ili motere:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHQkgCh2WRM
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anto 105SeṭṭhaganthāyattaBhāsā 是一个在线新闻频道
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1至10年代早期巴利佳能最近的年表 托马斯威廉里斯戴维斯在他的佛教印度（第188页）中列出了从佛陀时代到阿育王时代的佛教文献的年表，具体如下： 1.佛教教义的简单陈述现在在所有书中都以相同的词语出现在段落或经文中。 2.在两本或更多的现有书中用相同的词语发现了这些情节。 3. Silas，Parayana，Octades，Patimokkha。 4. Digha，Majjhima，Anguttara和Samyutta Nikayas。 5. Sutta Nipata，Thera和Theri Gathas，Udanas和Khuddaka Patha。 6. Sutta Vibhanga和Khandhkas。 7. Jatakas和Dhammapadas。 8. Niddesa，Itivuttakas和Patisambbhida。 9. Peta和Vimana-Vatthus，Apadana，Cariya-Pitaka和Buddhavamsa。 10. Abhidhamma书籍;最后一个是Katha-Vatthu，最早的可能是Puggala-Pannatti。 那些列在顶部或靠近顶部的数字，例如数字1至5，被认为是最早，最古老的文本，并且最有可能是真实的和佛陀的确切词语。后来的文本和评论以及Visuddhimagga，都受到古典Theravada的高度尊重，而现代Theravada则关注佛陀最早的教导。
现代Theravada 主要文章：现代Theravada 比丘菩提，Dhammavuddho Thera等人对现代学者关于后来的文本以及他们是不是佛陀（佛陀的确切词）的怀疑。现代Theravadins可能会持有一些意见，但可能会采取以下一种方式： 1.前四部Nikayas全部是Buddhavacana，以及Khuddaka Nikaya的以下书籍：Dhammapada，Udana，Itivuttaka，Sutta Nipata，Theragatha和Therigatha;和Vinaya的Patimokkha。 （这仍然会使得Tipitaka的Buddhavacana部分大约有40卷中的30个）。 2.以上所有，加上Khuddaka Nikaya的其他书籍，以及其他Vinaya书籍，加上Abhidhamma，但看到他们是由佛陀的后来的门徒写的，他们可能是arahants，因此，仍然值得包括在佳能，虽然不可能是原创佛教的一部分。 学者僧侣Ajahn Sujato和Ajahn Brahmali撰写了“早期佛教文本的真实性”一书，他们与上述第一名一致，包括前四名Nikayas和一些Khuddaka Nikaya作为Buddhavacana。 另见：原始佛教
参考 完整的佛陀清单 - 解释。 David N. Snyder，博士，2006年。
http://www.thedhamma.com/
早期佛教文本的真实性佛教出版社，2014。
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10帕里佳能早期年表 - Dhamma Wiki
托马斯威廉里斯戴维斯在他的佛教印度（第188页）中列出了从佛陀时代到阿育王时代的佛教文献的年表，具体如下：
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkoOCw_tp1I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkoOCw_tp1I
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1至10年代早期巴利佳能最近的年表 托馬斯威廉里斯戴維斯在他的佛教印度（第188頁）中列出了從佛陀時代到阿育王時代的佛教文獻的年表，具體如下： 1.佛教教義的簡單陳述現在在所有書中都以相同的詞語出現在段落或經文中。 2.在兩本或更多的現有書中用相同的詞語發現了這些情節。 3. Silas，Parayana，Octades，Patimokkha。 4. Digha，Majjhima，Anguttara和Samyutta Nikayas。 5. Sutta Nipata，Thera和Theri Gathas，Udanas和Khuddaka Patha。 6. Sutta Vibhanga和Khandhkas。 7. Jatakas和Dhammapadas。 8. Niddesa，Itivuttakas和Patisambbhida。 9. Peta和Vimana-Vatthus，Apadana，Cariya-Pitaka和Buddhavamsa。 10. Abhidhamma書籍;最後一個是Katha-Vatthu，最早的可能是Puggala-Pannatti。 那些列在頂部或靠近頂部的數字，例如數字1至5，被認為是最早，最古老的文本，並且最有可能是真實的和佛陀的確切詞語。後來的文本和評論以及Visuddhimagga，都受到古典Theravada的高度尊重，而現代Theravada則關注佛陀最早的教導。
現代Theravada 主要文章：現代Theravada 比丘菩提，Dhammavuddho Thera等人對現代學者關於後來的文本以及他們是不是佛陀（佛陀的確切詞）的懷疑。現代Theravadins可能會持有一些意見，但可能會採取以下一種方式： 1.前四部Nikayas全部是Buddhavacana，以及Khuddaka Nikaya的以下書籍：Dhammapada，Udana，Itivuttaka，Sutta Nipata，Theragatha和Therigatha;和Vinaya的Patimokkha。 （這仍然會使得Tipitaka的Buddhavacana部分大約有40卷中的30個）。 2.以上所有，加上Khuddaka Nikaya的其他書籍，以及其他Vinaya書籍，加上Abhidhamma，但看到他們是由佛陀的後來的門徒寫的，他們可能是arahants，因此，仍然值得包括在佳能，雖然不可能是原創佛教的一部分。 學者僧侶Ajahn Sujato和Ajahn Brahmali撰寫了“早期佛教文本的真實性”一書，他們與上述第一名一致，包括前四名Nikayas和一些Khuddaka Nikaya作為Buddhavacana。 另見：原始佛教
參考 完整的佛陀清單 - 解釋。 David N. Snyder，博士，2006年。
http://www.thedhamma.com/
早期佛教文本的真實性佛教出版社，2014。
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10帕里佳能早期年表 - Dhamma Wiki
托馬斯威廉里斯戴維斯在他的佛教印度（第188頁）中列出了從佛陀時代到阿育王時代的佛教文獻的年表，具體如下：
https://www.youtube.com/watch…
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1-10 prima di a Cronologia recenti di Pali Canon
Thomas
William Rhys Davids in l’india Buddhist (p.1188) hà datu una mesa
cronològica di a literatura buddista da u tempu di u Bouddha à u tempu
d’Ashoka chì hè dinò:
1. A simprici stituzzioni di a duttrina buddina truvata, in paruletti idèntii, in paragrafi o versi recurring in tutti i libri.
2. Episodji truvati, in paroli idèntius, in dui o più di i libri.
3. Silas, u Parayana, l’Octades, u Patimokkha.
4. Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara è Samyutta Nikayas.
5. A Sutta Nipata, a Thera è Theri Gathas, a Udanas, è a Khuddaka Patha.
6. A Sutta Vibhanga, è Khandhkas.
7. I Jatakas è i Dhammapadas.
8. A Niddesa, l’Itivuttakas è a Patisambbhida.
9. A Peta è Vimana-Vatthus, l’Apadana, a Cariya-Pitaka, è u Buddhavamsa.
10 i libri Abhidhamma; l’ultimu di quali hè a Katha-Vatthu, è a pruspettiva prublema a Puggala-Pannatti.
Quessi
listate à u cima o vicinu à u cima, cum’è numeri unu à cinque, sò
cunsiderate i testi più antichi è antichi, è più propensità per esse
l’autenti è e parolle esatti di u Bouddhi. I
testi sussegwenti è i cumandamenti è a Visuddhimagga, sò stati
cunsigliati da alta costanza da Theravada Classica, mentri chì a
Theravada Modu centrà in i primi teachi di u Bouddha.
Modu Teravada
Artìculu principali: Modu Teravada
Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera è l’altri u so dubbitu, cumu fà i studienti
muderni nantu à i testi sussegwenti è si sò Buddhavacana (parole exacte
di Buda) o micca. Theravadins muderni pussibule anu una ligera varietà di opinioni ma probabelmente unu di i seguenti:
1.
I primi four Nikayas in a so entera sò Buddhavacana, più di i libri in
seguente di Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta
Nipata, Theragatha è Therigatha; è u Patimokkha da Vinaya. (Chì avete aduprà a parte di Buddhavacana di u Tipitaka circa 30 da 40 volumi.)
2.
Tutti l’altitudine, più l’altri libri di u Khuddaka Nikaya, più l’altre
libri Vinaya, più l’Abhidhamma, ma vèdi cum’è scrittu da i discìpuli di
u Bouddha, chì pudianu esse arahants è cusì ancu degnu di esse inclusu in u Canonellu, ancu seppuru micca pezzu di u Buddhismu Originale.
I
monchi scholars Ajahn Sujato è Ajahn Brahmali anu scrittu u libru
L’Autenticità di i Testi Buddi Preistorichi è sò cunforme cù u numeru
quì sopra, custituitu da i primi 4 Nikayas è quarchi di Khuddaka Nikaya
cum’è Buddhavacana.
Vede ancu: Buddhismu originale
Riferenzi
U libru tutale di i listi di Buddha - Spiegà. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
L’Autenticità di i Testi Buddi Early Buddhist Publication Society, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 da prima Cronologia recenti di Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids in l’india Buddhist (p.1188) hà datu una mesa
cronològica di a literatura buddista da u tempu di u Bouddha à u tempu
d’Ashoka chì hè dinò:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT6lah4Fwhc
https://wallpapercave.com/wp/5HoxuDR.jpg
19) Classical Croatian
Insight Neto - FREE Online Tipiṭaka Istraživanje i praksa Sveučilište i
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Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca Paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya
ca ñātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
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1-10 početkom do nedavne kronologije Pali Canon Thomas
William Rhys Davids u svojoj budističkoj Indiji (str. 188) davao je
kronološku tablicu budističke književnosti iz doba Buddhe do vremena
Ashoke što je sljedeće: 1.
Jednostavne izjave budističke doktrine sada su pronađene, u identičnim
riječima, u odlomcima ili stihovima koji se ponavljaju u svim knjigama. 2. Epizode pronađene, identično, u dvije ili više postojećih knjiga. 3. Silas, Parayana, Octades, Patimokkha. 4. Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara i Samyutta Nikayas. 5. Sutta Nipata, Thera i Theri Gathas, Udanas i Khuddaka Patha. 6. Sutta Vibhanga i Khandhkas. 7. Jatakas i Dhammapadas. 8. Niddesa, Itivuttakas i Patisambbhida. 9. Peta i Vimana-Vatthus, Apadana, Cariya-Pitaka i Buddhavamsa. 10. knjige Abhidhamma; posljednji od njih je Katha-Vatthu, a najstariji vjerojatno Puggala-Pannatti. Oni
koji su navedeni na vrhu ili u blizini vrha, kao što su brojevi od
jedne do pet, smatraju se najstarijim, najstarijim tekstovima i
najvjerojatnije autentičnim i točnim riječima Buddhe. Kasniji
tekstovi i komentari i Visuddhimagga, održavaju se vrlo visoko u
klasičnoj Theravadi, dok je Moderna Theravada usredotočena na najranije
učenje Buddhe.
Moderna Theravada Glavni članak: Moderna Theravada Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera i drugi imaju svoje sumnje, kao i moderni
učenjaci o kasnijim tekstovima i ako su Buddhavacana (točne riječi
Buddhe) ili ne. Moderni teravadini vjerojatno imaju blago različito mišljenje, ali vjerojatno imaju jednu od sljedećih: 1.
Prve četiri Nikaye u cijelosti su Buddhavacana, plus sljedeće knjige iz
Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata,
Theragatha i Therigatha; i Patimokkha iz Vinaye. (To bi ipak učinilo Buddhavacani dio Tipitake oko 30 od 40 svezaka.) 2.
Sve gore navedeno, zajedno s ostalim knjigama Khuddaka Nikaya, zajedno s
ostalim Vinaya knjigama, i Abhidhamma, ali ih vide kao što su napisali
kasniji učenici Buddhe, koji su možda bili arahanti i stoga još dostojni
biti uključene u Canon, iako vjerojatno dio originalnog budizma. Znanstvenici
redovnici Ajahn Sujato i Ajahn Brahmali napisali su knjigu Autentičnost
ranih budističkih tekstova i oni su u suglasju s brojem jedan iznad,
koji se sastoji od prvih 4 Nikaye i nekih Khuddaka Nikaya kao
Buddhavacane. Vidi također: Izvorni budizam
Reference Cijela knjiga Buddhinih popisa - objasnio je. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Autentičnost ranih budističkih tekstova Društvo za budističku publikaciju, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 rano do nedavne kronologije Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids u svojoj budističkoj Indiji (str. 188) davao je
kronološku tablicu budističke književnosti iz doba Buddhe do vremena
Ashoke što je sljedeće:
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1-10 brzy až nedávná Chronologie Pali Canon Thomas
William Rhys Davids ve své buddhistické Indii (str. 188) dal
chronologickou tabulku buddhistické literatury od doby Buddhy až do doby
Ashoky, která je následující: 1.
Jednoduché prohlášení buddhistické doktríny se nyní nacházely ve
stejných slovech v odstavcích nebo verších, které se opakovaly ve všech
knihách. 2. Epizody nalezly ve stejných slovech dvě nebo více stávajících knih. 3. Silas, Parayana, Oktády, Patimokkha. 4. Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara a Samyutta Nikayas. 5. Sutta Nipata, Thera a Theri Gathas, Udanas a Khuddaka Patha. 6. Sutta Vibhanga a Khandhkas. 7. Jatakové a Dhammapády. 8. Niddesa, Itivuttakas a Patisambhhida. 9. Peta a Vimana-Vatthus, Apadana, Cariya-Pitaka a Buddhavamsa. 10. Knihy Abhidhamma; poslední z nich je Katha-Vatthu a nejdříve pravděpodobně Puggala-Pannatti. Ty,
které jsou uvedeny nahoře nebo v horní části, jako jsou čísla jedna až
pět, jsou považovány za nejstarší, nejstarší texty a
nejpravděpodobnější, že jsou autentické a přesná slova Buddhy. Pozdnější
texty a komentáře a Visuddhimagga jsou drženy velmi vážně klasickou
Theravadou, zatímco Moderní Theravada se zaměřuje na nejdřívnější učení
Buddhy.
Moderní Theravada Hlavní článek: Moderní Theravada Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera a další mají své pochybnosti, stejně jako
moderní vědci o pozdějších textech a zda jsou Buddhavakana (přesná slova
Buddhy) nebo ne. Moderní Theravadins pravděpodobně mají malou různorodost názorů, ale pravděpodobně mají jednu z následujících možností: 1.
První čtyři Nikayas v celku jsou Buddhavacana, plus následující knihy
od Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata,
Theragatha a Therigatha; a Patimokkha z Vinaya. (To by ještě dělalo Buddhavakanskou část Tipitaka zhruba 30 ze 40 svazků.) 2.
Všechny výše uvedené, plus další knihy Khuddaky Nikajy a další knihy
Vinaya a Abhidhamma, ale vidět je jako napsané pozdějšími učedníky
Buddhy, kteří možná byli arahanty a tudíž ještě hodni být zahrnuty do Kánonu, i když ne pravděpodobné, že je součástí původního buddhismu. Učenci
mnichů Ajahn Sujato a Ajahn Brahmali napsali knihu Autentičnost prvních
buddhistických textů a souhlasí s prvním číslem jedna, skládajícím se z
prvních 4 Nikayasů a některých z Khuddaky Nikajové jako Buddhavacany. Viz též: Původní buddhismus
Reference Kompletní kniha Buddhův seznamů - vysvětleno. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Autentičnost buddhistických publikací časných buddhistických textů, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 rané až nedávné Chronologie Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids ve své buddhistické Indii (str. 188) dal
chronologickou tabulku buddhistické literatury od doby Buddhy až do doby
Ashoky, která je následující:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VDUCfQVSMg
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1-10 tidligt til nylig Chronology of Pali Canon
Thomas
William Rhys Davids i hans buddhistiske Indien (s. 188) har givet et
kronologisk bord af buddhistisk litteratur fra Buddha-tiden til Ashoka,
som er som følger:
1. De enkle udsagn om buddhistisk doktrin findes nu i identiske ord i stykker eller vers tilbagevendende i alle bøgerne.
2. Episoder fundet i identiske ord i to eller flere af de eksisterende bøger.
3. Silas, Parayana, Octades, Patimokkha.
4. Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara og Samyutta Nikayas.
5. Sutta Nipata, Thera og Theri Gathas, Udanas og Khuddaka Patha.
6. Sutta Vibhanga og Khandhkas.
7. Jatakas og Dhammapadas.
8. Niddesa, Itivuttakas og Patisambbhida.
9. Peta og Vimana-Vatthus, Apadana, Cariya-Pitaka og Buddhavamsa.
10. Abhidhamma bøgerne; den sidste er Katha-Vatthu, og den tidligste sandsynligvis Puggala-Pannatti.
De,
der er nævnt øverst eller nær toppen, som tal 1-5, betragtes som de
tidligste, ældste tekster og mest sandsynlige for at være autentiske og
de nøjagtige ord fra Buddha. De
senere tekster og kommentarer og Visuddhimagga holdes i høj grad af
klassisk Theravada, mens den moderne Theravada fokuserer på Buddhas
tidligste lære.
Moderne Theravada
Hovedartikel: Modern Theravada
Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera og andre har deres tvivl, ligesom moderne
lærde om de senere tekster, og hvis de er Buddhavacana (eksakte
Buddha-ord) eller ej. Moderne Theravadiner har sandsynligvis et lille udvalg af meninger, men sandsynligvis tage et af følgende:
1.
De første fire Nikayaer i deres helhed er Buddhavacana plus de følgende
bøger fra Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata,
Theragatha og Therigatha; og Patimokkha fra Vinaya. (Det ville stadig gøre Buddhavacana-delen af Tipitaka omkring 30 ud af 40 bind.)
2.
Alt ovenfor, plus de andre bøger af Khuddaka Nikaya, plus de andre
Vinaya bøger plus Abhidhamma, men se dem som skrevet af senere Buddhas
disciple, der måske har været arahanter og dermed stadig værd at være inkluderet i canon, selvom det ikke sandsynligt er en del af den oprindelige buddhisme.
De
lærde munke Ajahn Sujato og Ajahn Brahmali har skrevet bogen
Autenticitet af tidlige buddhistiske tekster, og de er enige med nummer
et ovenfor, der består af de første 4 Nikayaer og nogle af Khuddaka
Nikaya som Buddhavacana.
Se også: Original Buddhism
Referencer
Den komplette bog af Buddhas lister - forklaret. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Ægtheden af buddhistiske publikationssamfund for tidlig buddhistiske tekster, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 tidligt til nylig Chronology of Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids i hans buddhistiske Indien (s. 188) har givet et
kronologisk bord af buddhistisk litteratur fra Buddha-tiden til Ashoka,
som er som følger:
https://www.youtube.com/watch…
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1-10 vroeg in de recente chronologie van Pali Canon Thomas
William Rhys Davids in zijn Boeddhistische India (p.188) heeft een
chronologische tabel gegeven van boeddhistische literatuur uit de tijd
van de Boeddha tot de tijd van Ashoka, die als volgt is: 1.
De eenvoudige uitspraken van de boeddhistische doctrine zijn nu in
identieke bewoordingen terug te vinden in paragrafen of verzen die in
alle boeken terugkomen. 2. Afleveringen gevonden, in identieke woorden, in twee of meer van de bestaande boeken. 3. De Silas, de Parayana, de Octades, de Patimokkha. 4. De Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara en Samyutta Nikayas. 5. De Sutta Nipata, de Thera en Theri Gathas, de Udanas en de Khuddaka Patha. 6. De Sutta Vibhanga en Khandhkas. 7. De Jataka’s en de Dhammapadas. 8. De Niddesa, de Itivuttaka’s en de Patisambbhida. 9. De Peta en Vimana-Vatthus, de Apadana, de Cariya-Pitaka en de Buddhavamsa. 10. De Abhidhamma-boeken; de laatste is de Katha-Vatthu, en de vroegste waarschijnlijk de Puggala-Pannatti. Degenen
die bovenaan of bovenaan staan vermeld, zoals de nummers één tot
vijf, worden beschouwd als de vroegste, oudste en meest authentieke
teksten en de exacte woorden van de Boeddha. De
latere teksten en de commentaren en de Visuddhimagga worden door
Klassiek Theravada zeer gewaardeerd, terwijl de Moderne Theravada zich
concentreert op de vroegste leringen van de Boeddha.
Moderne Theravada Hoofdartikel: Moderne Theravada Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera en anderen hebben hun twijfels, net als
moderne geleerden over de latere teksten en als ze Buddhavacana (exacte
woorden van Boeddha) zijn of niet. Moderne
Theravadins hebben waarschijnlijk een kleine verscheidenheid aan
meningen, maar nemen waarschijnlijk een van de volgende dingen: 1.
De eerste vier Nikaya’s in hun geheel zijn Buddhavacana, plus de
volgende boeken van de Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka,
Sutta Nipata, Theragatha en Therigatha; en de Patimokkha van de Vinaya. (Dat zou het Buddhavacana-gedeelte van de Tipitaka nog steeds ongeveer 30 van de 40 delen maken.) 2.
Al het bovenstaande, plus de andere boeken van de Khuddaka Nikaya, plus
de andere Vinaya-boeken, plus de Abhidhamma, maar zie ze zoals
geschreven door latere discipelen van de Boeddha, die misschien arahants
waren en dus nog steeds waardig om te zijn opgenomen in de Canon, hoewel waarschijnlijk geen onderdeel van het originele boeddhisme. De
geleerde monniken Ajahn Sujato en Ajahn Brahmali hebben het boek De
authenticiteit van vroege boeddhistische teksten geschreven en zij zijn
het eens met de nummer één hierboven, bestaande uit de eerste 4 Nikayas
en enkele van de Khuddaka Nikaya als Buddhavacana. Zie ook: origineel boeddhisme
Referenties Het complete boek met Boeddha’s lijsten - Uitgelegd. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
De authenticiteit van vroege boeddhistische teksten Boeddhistische publicatiemaatschappij, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 vroege tot recente chronologie van Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids in zijn Boeddhistische India (p.188) heeft een
chronologische tabel gegeven van boeddhistische literatuur uit de tijd
van de Boeddha tot de tijd van Ashoka, die als volgt is:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_naeXbUVJA
Gunabhadri introduces the Amsterdam Buddhist Centre - in Dutch
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FIRST ON INDIA TODAY 
Can she rule India?
The
second most important woman of Indian politics is all set to rock the
established hierarchy of power as the ambitious leader of a formidable
coalition. The country suddenly gets another prime minister in waiting,
writes Prabhu Chawla.
‘No force
can stop me from becoming PM’
After her surprise anointment as the UNPA’s
prime ministerial candidate, BSP supremo Mayawati’s confidence levels have
reached a new high. She told Editor Prabhu Chawla that she is
destined to become the country’s prime minister. An exclusive interview:
Q. Finally a Original Inhabitant of
Jambudvipa, that is the Great Prabuddha Bharath which is one of the top most
communities of the world’s daughter’s name has been finalised for prime
minister. How did this happen?
A. Apart from being a Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that
is the Great Prabuddha Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the
world ’s daughter, I am also the daughter of India. Don’t forget that India’s highest
populated state has given me four chances to be CM. I have worked not just for
the Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the Great Prabuddha Bharath
which is one of the top most communities of the world but for all sections of
the society. I am born in India
so I am not just Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the Great
Prabuddha Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the world ki beti but also Prabuddha Bharath
ki beti.
Q. You said there was a conspiracy
against a Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the Great Prabuddha
Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the world ’s daughter
becoming PM.
A. Everyone saw it. And they (my political rivals) have seen
what a good government I have given in UP, so they are scared that if the BSP
forms a government at the Centre and Mayawati becomes PM, they will have to
wait for a long time to come back to power at the Centre.
That is why they thought it is better we don’t
let her come to power at all. Moreover, the BJP and the Congress I think are
alike—whether at the Centre or at the state, their governments have economic
policies that make rich industrialists richer and the poor poorer. So they know
that once they are removed from power, all their rich industrialist friends
will suffer while the poor, the farmers and small industrialists will benefit,
and they don’t want that.
Q. So they won’t let you become the PM?
A. This kind of question was raised even when the BSP was
improving in UP and there was a chance that I could become chief minister. But
I did become UP chief minister, and I think a day will come when the wishes of
the oppressed, the poor, the downtrodden and beloved Dr Ambedkar will come
true. One day, this section will get political power. If I can become UP chief
minister, then I think a day will surely come when the dreams of our people
will come true.
Q. Will the dream be realised through
Mayawati?
A. Definitely, it will come true.
Q. So you think that your becoming PM is
only a matter of time. Nothing can stop you now.
A. A movement has begun. When the time comes, no one can stop.
No one could stop me from becoming the chief minister of UP.
Q. Will you be able to run the
government? Can you rule India?
A. This question was also raised in UP before I became chief
minister. But from Independence
till today, if you compare all the sarkars to my government and ask
the aam janta of UP, they will tell you that Mayawati is the best. So
if I can give UP-which is India’s
largest state—the best sarkar, why can’t I do the same at the Centre?
Q. Do you have an agenda for governance?
A. Of course I have.
Q. But until now you were limited to UP
and you didn’t even meet leaders of other parties.
A. I did meet other leaders, but I also had to run my party. I
did both.
Q. If you do become the PM, what is your
agenda for governance? What are your views on privatisation and economic
reforms that Manmohan Singh started?
A. Our sarkar’s economic agenda will benefit the country’s
poor and weaker sections. It will benefit all sections of the society.
Q. You are talking like Indira Gandhi,
“Gareebi hatao, desh
bachao“.
A. My party is not against privatisation. Like we have done in
UP, at the Centre too we will see that the country’s Scheduled Castes have the
benefits of reservations. When a government office is privatised, reservation
rights should be protected as I have done in UP. Apart from the Scheduled
Castes, we will take care of the minorities, Backward Classes and also the
economically poor among the upper castes. I have written to the Centre about
reservation in government jobs for the economically poor among upper castes.
Q. Should there be foreign investment in retail?
A. There are different castes and religions in India, lots of
poor and jobless, so we will take all this into account.
Q. Should there be FDI in retail?
A. The interests of the small shopkeepers must be protected.
Q. So you are not against FDI in retail?
A. No I am not.
Q. What about the nuclear deal?
A. The Congress is claiming that because of this deal we will
get cheap electricity. This is wrong. Whatever electricity we get will be much
more expensive and it will take 10-15 years to get it. And the output will be
only 8-10 per cent more than what we are getting. It will be so expensive that
neither the poor nor the small industrialists will be able to use it.
Q. So will you cancel the nuclear deal?
A. When my government is formed, we will rethink this deal and
examine if it’s in the nation’s interests or not. We are told that America has put conditions on India, like if they attack Iran, India will have to offer support.
Such conditions are meant to make India a slave.
Q. Before opposing this deal, you must
have read it.
A. We do not agree with this deal. We will rethink it.
Q. But the Left is totally opposed to America and
they are supporting you.
A. Whenever we do a deal with any country, we must first take
into account the country’s interests. When my party comes to power at the
Centre, we will take into account all sections of the society while making
policies.
Q. Opposition parties claim that your
politics is caste-based. Does this suit a prime minister?
A. The people who make such allegations are the ones who are
indulging in caste politics. The BSP has finished jaativaad in this
country and wants to bring together all sections of the society. The charge
that the BSP is jaativaadi is false.
Q. Maybe this is because
you are now being promoted as the leader of UNPA.
A. I am the leader of BSP. The UNPA is different, the Left is
separate. They all have their own leaders.
Q. But they are promoting you as the PM,
no one else.
A. I welcome this suggestion and I am grateful.
Q. But other leaders of the UNPA like
Chandrababu Naidu and Chautala belong to forward castes. How does behen
Mayawati fit into all this?
A. The Left parties and other members of the UNPA have
realised that Mayawati in UP has included all sections of the society in the
BSP’s way of thinking. Along with the backward sections and the minorities, it
has also sent upper castes to Parliament and the state assembly and given them
posts in the ministry. They don’t see her as jaativaadi but as one who
takes all sections of the society together.
Q. Well you do have the slogan. But
these leaders first went to Mulayam. When that did not work out, they came
after you in the hope that by sailing in your boat they too will get somewhere.
And then, they will leave you too?
A. The names that you have mentioned did at first go to
Mulayam, and you say that they will leave me too. But in the UPA and NDA too,
there are many allies who are attracted to the BSP. And there will be a time
when they too will join us.
Q. So there will be some attempt to
break parties.
A. I am against breaking any party, but those who come on
their own are welcome.
Q. But you will still need the Congress
or the BJP to become PM. How will a Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is
the Great Prabuddha Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the
world ki beti become PM without their
help?
A. With Lok Sabha elections a few months away, I am sure that
the BJP and Congress, along with their allies, will not get more than 200 seats
together. The rest will be 340. So I will not need the BJP or the Congress.
Q. Their company will come to you?
A. No, I will not need their company. They will come to me on
their own.
Q. On one side is the “Note
Gate” and on the other side there is terrorism. But there seems to be
little desire to fight terrorism.
A. I think the way wads of money were placed in Parliament and
MPs are being bought over, this should be condemned.
Q. What about terrorism?
A. The state governments should get together and plan and
strategise to counter it. The borders of our country are not strengthened.
Q. Who do you blame for the rise in
terrorism? Is it minority appeasement, weak governance or the lack of a strong law?
A. We should not link terrorism with politics, but the states
and the Centre should sit and strategise how to contain it.
Q. For this we need a strong law. But
POTA has been removed. Even you are against POTA.
A. No. I think that central and state governments should make
strict laws. Not POTA, but there can be other strict laws.
Q. Like MCOCA in Maharashtra?
Gujarat wanted to make a strong law but was
not allowed.
A. In UP too we have passed a law but the Centre has not
okayed it.
Q. So would you say the Centre is weak
in formulating laws?
A. Yes. Also, our borders are weak. After all, the terrorists
enter our country from across the borders. So it’s up to the central government
to make the borders strong and make a law along with the states.
Q. A law like POTA?
A. Not necessarily but a strong law.
Q. Our Muslim brothers say they are
against terrorism as much as the rest of us, yet they say that to appease the
Muslim vote we won’t make a strong law.
A. If a person commits a wrong, you should not punish the
entire community.
Q. Should Mohd Afzal be hanged? The
Supreme Court has said he should be.
A. This is for the courts and the government to decide.
Q. But in the name of terrorism,
politics is being played.
A. That’s not good.
Q. Will you do anything to stop this?
A. When I become PM, we will try and create such a situation
that there will be no terror incidents.
Q. How will you ensure this? Will you
make a strong law?
A. Maybe there will be no need to make a strong law. There
will be such an environment that there will be no need for it.
Q. The terrorists will feel scared of
you and not come out?
A. (laughs)
Q. The word supremo is often used for
you. It evokes dictatorship more than democracy. It is used for Bal Thackeray
and Jayalalithaa.
A. That title I didn’t give myself. You keep calling me that,
so ask yourself.
Q. But do you work like a dictator?
A. No, I believe in democracy and take everyone’s views into
account.
Q. It is often said that how a Original
Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the Great Prabuddha Bharath which is one of
the top most communities of the world ki
beti could collect so much money and have so many houses.
A. The CBI has given a false affidavit to the court. When my
lawyer presents my case, the truth will come out.
Q. But charges are being laid against
you
A. This is all because of political pressure, whether it is
the UPA or the NDA. It is all politics.
Q. There was so much bonhomie between
you and Sonia. She came and wished you on your birthday. What happened between
the two sisters suddenly?
A. Milna julna alag cheez hai and politics is
separate.
Q. And now Amar Singh is
in the central government indirectly. Are you feeling threatened?
A. I am not but I can say for sure that the Congress will be
feeling threatened that if not today then tomorrow he will do something against
them.
Q. Have you gone soft on Amar Singh?
A. No I have not. The UP assembly results threw them out of
the government and installed me. So if the people of UP have already killed
them then why should I bother to do anything? Mare huey ko kyon maarna?
Q. You had earlier made charges of
corruption against them and said you will send them to jail. Have you forgiven
them?
A. No.
Q. Or is it that you did not find
anything?
A. Whatever the charges of corruption against them, the cases
are going on in the Supreme Court. Why should I come in the middle of that? And
why should I feel scared of weak people?
Q. But Amar Singh and Mulayam have been
reborn. They have become more powerful.
A. They are now more dead than ever.
Q. They sit and eat with the PM and meet
Sonia every day.
A. Dining is not everything. The way this government has been
saved, they will get no political gains out of this.
Q. There is talk of pressing ahead with
the cases against you. Don’t you think they must have made some sort of a deal?
A. Whenever there has been a political attack against me, via
the CBI or others, I have emerged stronger.
Q. So you are ready to fight?
A. Absolutely.
Q. So how do you keep so fit? Do you
exercise?
A. I don’t. I just keep busy with my work.
Q. No gym or personal trainer?
A. I don’t get the time for exercise, I just do my work.
Q. Do you control your diet?
A. I eat what I get.
Q. I have seen you for the last 15 years
and there is an image makeover. Was this part of a plan to ready yourself for
chief ministership and prime ministership?
A. I have done nothing. All this has happened naturally. I
keep busy with my work and that is my exercise.
Q. What hobbies do you have?
A. All 24 hours of the day, I think about the movement I am
associated with and how to take my party forward. How to help the backward and
weaker sections of our country. I keep making plans for them and that keeps me
busy.
Q. Weaving conspiracies?
A. No, plans.
Q. But politics is like conspiracy. How
to get to power etc
A. No, I don’t need to. My party is different from others; it
is both a mission and a movement.
Q. In the end, it is politics only-how
to get power.
A. I agree with Babasaheb Dr Ambedkar, who said that if any
section of the society wants to solve its problems, it has to get political
power.
Q. So to fulfill Babasaheb’s dream, this
Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the Great Prabuddha Bharath which is
one of the top most communities of the world
ki beti is readying her political arsenal.
A. Not just Original Inhabitant of Jambudvipa, that is the
Great Prabuddha Bharath which is one of the top most communities of the
world ki beti but Prabuddha Bharath
ki beti. I will fulfill Babasaheb’s dream, and those who believe in
Babasaheb are working to make this possible.
Q. I will ask you five questions and you
must answer them in one line. Who do you think is your biggest enemy? I am not
taking Amar Singh or Mulayam’s name.
A. I am against discrimination and untouchability and jaativaad.
Q. And your best friend? The one who
will put you in power?
A. The day our society that is divided on caste lines becomes
one.
Q. I am asking about individuals. There
have been 14 prime ministers in India.
Who do you like the best?
A. If I liked any one then I would not have felt the need to
form my own party.
Q. The worst?
A. They are all the same.
Q. Do you watch films?
A. No, I don’t. I barely get the time. I do watch the news
though.
Q. Do you have a favourite heroine?
A. Well, I don’t watch movies, so how will I have a favourite
heroine?
Q. Your favourite food? You do eat,
right?
A. (laughs) Yes, otherwise how will I stay alive.
Green vegetables, daal…
Q. Which is your favourite tourist spot?
A. Whenever I travel, I am so busy that I don’t have the time
to do any sightseeing.
Q. If you got a chance, where would you
like to go? After all, even Jawaharlal Nehru took a holiday sometimes.
A. I like natural surroundings. I am very fond of nature.
Q. Whom do you see as a political
villain in the country today?
A. (laughs)
Q. Is it Amar Singh or anyone other?
A. There is no shortage of such people in the country today.
Q. You don’t want to take a name?
A. Well you have taken the name yourself, so I don’t need to.
JC
