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2651 Thu 14 Jun LESSON Who Was the Buddha & What Did He Teach? History, Philosophy, Mythology, Biography (2001) Chronology of Pali Canon in 23) Classical English, 72) Classical Pashto ) پښتو 73) Classical Persian 73) کلاسیک فارسی 74) Classical Polish- ) Język klasyczny polski, 75) Classical Portuguese-Português Clássico, 76) Classical Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
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2651 Thu 14 Jun  LESSON



Who Was the Buddha & What Did He Teach? History, Philosophy, Mythology, Biography (2001)


Chronology of Pali Canon


in 23) Classical English,



72) Classical Pashto
) پښتو




73) Classical Persian

73) کلاسیک فارسی

74) Classical Polish-
) Język klasyczny polski,

75) Classical Portuguese-Português Clássico,

76) Classical Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ

Buddha | ferrebeekeeper



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXE0eEhhxxw
Who Was the Buddha & What Did He Teach? History, Philosophy, Mythology, Biography (2001)

Published on May 10, 2015


Gautama
Buddha, also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni, or simply the
Buddha, was a sage on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. About the
book: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/014…

He is believed to have lived and taught mostly in eastern India sometime
between the sixth and fourth centuries BCE.

The word Buddha means “awakened one” or “the enlightened one”. “Buddha”
is also used as a title for the first awakened being in an era. In most
Buddhist traditions, Siddhartha Gautama is regarded as the Supreme
Buddha (Pali sammāsambuddha, Sanskrit samyaksaṃbuddha) of our age.
Gautama taught a Middle Way between sensual indulgence and the severe
asceticism found in the Sramana (renunciation) movement common in his
region. He later taught throughout regions of eastern India such as
Magadha and Kośala.

Gautama is the primary figure in Buddhism and accounts of his life,
discourses, and monastic rules are believed by Buddhists to have been
summarized after his death and memorized by his followers. Various
collections of teachings attributed to him were passed down by oral
tradition and first committed to writing about 400 years later.

Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified claims about the historical
facts of the Buddha’s life. Most accept that he lived, taught and
founded a monastic order during the Mahajanapada era in India during the
reign of Bimbisara, the ruler of the Magadha empire, and died during
the early years of the reign of Ajatshatru who was the successor of
Bimbisara, thus making him a younger contemporary of Mahavira, the Jain
teacher.[7] Apart from the Vedic Brahmins, the Buddha’s lifetime
coincided with the flourishing of other influential sramana schools of
thoughts like Ājīvika, Cārvāka, Jain, and Ajñana. It was also the age of
influential thinkers like Mahāvīra, Pūraṇa Kassapa , Makkhali Gosāla,
Ajita Kesakambalī, Pakudha Kaccāyana, and Sañjaya Belaṭṭhaputta, whose
viewpoints the Buddha most certainly must have been acquainted with and
influenced by.[8][9][note 7] Indeed, Sariputta and Maudgalyāyana, two of
the foremost disciples of the Buddha, were formerly the foremost
disciples of Sañjaya Belaṭṭhaputta, the skeptic. There is also evidence
to suggest that the two masters, Alara Kalama and Udaka Ramaputta, were
indeed historical figures and they most probably taught Buddha two
different forms of meditative techniques. While the most general outline
of “birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation,
teaching, death” must be true, most scholars do not consistently accept
all of the details contained in traditional biographies.

The times of Gautama’s birth and death are uncertain. Most historians in
the early 20th century dated his lifetime as circa 563 BCE to 483 BCE.
More recently his death is dated later, between 411 and 400 BCE, while
at a symposium on this question held in 1988, the majority of those who
presented definite opinions gave dates within 20 years either side of
400 BCE for the Buddha’s death. These alternative chronologies, however,
have not yet been accepted by all historians.

The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was
born into the Shakya clan, a community that was on the periphery, both
geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent
in the 5th century BCE. It was either a small republic, in which case
his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his
father was an oligarch. According to the Buddhist tradition, Gautama was
born in Lumbini, nowadays in modern-day Nepal, and raised in
Kapilavastu (Shakya capital), which may either be in present day
Tilaurakot, Nepal or Piprahwa, India.[note 1] He obtained his
enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, gave his first sermon in Sarnath, and died
in Kushinagara.

No written records about Gautama have been found from his lifetime or
some centuries thereafter. One edict of Emperor Ashoka, who reigned from
circa 269 BCE to 232 BCE, commemorates the Emperor’s pilgrimage to the
Buddha’s birthplace in Lumbini. Another one of his edict mentions
several Dhamma texts, establishing the existence of a written Buddhist
tradition at least by the time of the Mauryan era and which may be the
precursors of the Pāli Canon. The oldest surviving Buddhist manuscripts
are the Gandhāran Buddhist texts, reported to have been found in or
around Haḍḍa near Jalalabad in eastern Afghanistan and now preserved in
the British Library. They are written in the Kharoṣṭhī script and the
Gāndhārī language on twenty-seven birch bark scrolls, and they date from
the first century BCE to the third century CE.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gautama_…



youtube.com
Gautama Buddha, also known as Siddhārtha…



https://imgur.com/lOxtPuw

510


72) Classical Pashto
) پښتو

2651 د جون 14 جون لوست

اوس

د
تحلیل انټرنیټ نیٹ - وړیا آنلاین ټپتاټکا څیړنې او عملی پوهنتون او له
اړونده خبرونو سره په http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org کې 105 کلاسیکی ژبو کې

پاټیسباهده
جلا-ابده پیپرپتی تایتاکا انیسانیا پارسییا نخیلیاججیا ca ñtthhutta
Pavatti نسییا http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org 105 ټوټې ټوټه ګیاه بھاسا

د آنلاین سایټ چینل دی
د 3000 څخه زیاتو بریښناليکونو ته لیږد کول:
200 ویسایپ، فیسبوک او ټویټر.

https://dhammawiki.com/index.php/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of_Pali_Canon

https://dhammawiki.com/…/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of…
1-10 د پښتون کینن وروستی تاریخی تاریخ ته ورسیږی

توماس
ولیم ریوس ډیوډز د خپل بودیست هندوستان په (p. 188) کې (ب) د بودا د وخت
څخه راهیسې د بوش وخت راهیسې د اشوک وخت ته په لاندې ډول دی:

1. د بودیوي عقیدې ساده بیانونه اوس په ورته الفاظو کې، په ټولو کتابونو کې د پیرودلو په پراګرافونو یا آیتونو کې موندل شوي.

2. پیسی موندلی، په ورته کلمو کې، د موجوده کتابونو په دوو یا ډیرو کې.

3- سلیس، پروان، اکټوډ، پټیمکوها.

4. درگا، مججیما، انګار، او سمیتتا نیکای.

5. سوت نیپتا، توره او تیری ګاتا، اهناس، او خدوکا پټه.

6. سوتا ویهانګ او خندخس.

7. جټکاس او غلاماماد.

8. ندیسا، ایویوټاکاکس او پتیسبباهده.

9 - پیټا او ویمانا - وټاټس، اپادانا، کاریا - پکاکا، او بودهاما.

10. د ابدما کتابونه د دې وروستیو کې کیت واتاتو دی، او تر ټولو دمخه یې د Puggala-Pannatti.

هغه
څوک چې په پورته کې یا په پاسه کې لیست شوي دي، لکه د یو څخه تر پنځو پورې
شمیرې، ترټولو ترټولو پخوانی، پخوانۍ متنونه او تر ټولو احتمال لري چې د
بودا درست کلمات.
وروستي
متنونه او تبصرې او ویډمیمګګا د کلاسیک تایاواډا لخوا خورا ډیر لوړ مقام
لري، پداسې حال کې چې اوسني ماډری تیوروادا د بودا په ابتدايي تعلیماتو
تمرکز کوي.
ماډر توریواډا

اصلي مقالې: ماډل توریواډا

Bhikkhu
Bodhi، Dhammavuddho Thera او نور د دوی شکونه لري، لکه څنګه چې د وروستیو
متنونو په اړه عصري پوهانو سره کار کوي او که دوی د بودهاساانا (د بودا
سمه کلمه) وي او نه.
ماډر تایویډینز شاید د نظرونو لږه کچه ونیسي مګر ممکن د لاندې څخه یو یې واخلئ:

لومړی:
نیکایس په ټوله کې بودیهایانه دي، او د خواړه نایکاه لاندې کتابونه:
Dhammapada، Udana، Itivuttaka، Sutta Nipata، Theragatha؛
او د ونیا څخه پتهیموکک. (دا به لاهم د تیتتکا د بودهاکانا برخه په نږدې اندازې کې له 40 څخه زیات وي.)

2.
ټول پورته برخه، د خدوکا نکایا نورې کتابونه، د نورو ونیا کتابونو، او
ابدههم، نورو ته ورته وګورئ، مګر هغه وګورئ چې د بده د شاګردانو لخوا لیکل
شوي دي، څوک چې امیران دي او پدې توګه لاهم وړتیا لري
په کینن کې شامل دي، په داسې حال کې چې احتمال یې د اصلي بودیجې برخه نه ده.

د
عالمانو احکام اجهن سوجاتو او اجه برهميلي کتاب د ابتدايي بودیجو د مستند
کتاب کتاب لیکلی دی او دوی د پورته ذکر شویو نمبرونو سره موافق دي، چې د
لومړني 4 نیکایس او د ځداکا نیکای په توګه د بودهاکانا په نوم دي.

هم وګورئ: اصلي بودهیت
حوالې

د بودا د لستونو بشپړ کتاب - تشریح شوی. ډیویډ این. سنیډر، پی ایچ ڈی، 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
د بودیجې لومړني متنونه د بودیجې خپرونې ټولنه، 2014، 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 د وروستي کروندې وروستی تاریخی تاریخ - ډلمه ویک
توماس
ولیم ریوس ډیوډز د خپل بودیست هندوستان په (p. 188) کې (ب) د بودا د وخت
څخه راهیسې د بوش وخت راهیسې د اشوک وخت ته په لاندې ډول دی:




https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTzf1j_V0xY
Pashto Classical Song: Wos Dhi Yadhoona (Old School)
Khushall1972
Published on Nov 7, 2013
Pashto classical hujri maidhonee maijlas,performed by Khyal Mohammed,Old School.
Category
Music


youtube.com
Pashto classical hujri maidhonee maijlas,performed by Khyal Mohammed,Old School.
https://www.reddit.com/r/gifs/comments/7q41n5/hologram_tech_shown_off_at_ces/





73) Classical Persian
73) کلاسیک فارسی

2651 جمعه 14 ژوئه درس

اکنون

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پاتیسامبیدا
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1-10 ابتدای تا تاریخچه اخیر کانال Pali

توماس
ویلیام رییس دیویدز در هندوستان بودایی خود (ص 188) جدول زمانی از ادبیات
بودایی را از زمان بودا تا زمان آشوکا ارائه داده است که به شرح زیر است:

1.
اظهارات ساده ای از آموزه های بودایی در حال حاضر در کلمات مشابه، در
پاراگراف ها یا آیه ها که در همه کتاب ها تکرار می شود، یافت می شود.

2. قسمت هایی که در کلمات مشابه در دو یا چند کتاب موجود یافت می شوند.

3. سیلس، پارایانا، اکتاو، Patimokkha.

4. Digha، Majjhima، Anguttara، و Samyutta Nikayas.

5. Sutta Nipata، Thera و Theri Gathas، Udanas و Khuddaka Patha.

6. Sutta Vibhanga و Khandhkas.

7. Jatakas و Dhammapadas.

8. Niddesa، Itivuttakas و Patisambbhida.

9. Peta و Vimana-Vatthus، Apadana، Cariya-Pitaka و Budhavamsa.

10. کتابهای ابیدحمام؛ که آخرین آن Katha-Vatthu است، و در ابتدا احتمالا Puggala-Pannatti.

کسانی
که در بالا یا نزدیک به بالا قرار دارند، مانند شماره های یک تا پنج،
اولین و قدیمی ترین متون هستند و به احتمال زیاد معتبر هستند و کلمات دقیق
بودا.
متون
و تفسیرهای بعدی و Visuddhimagga، توسط کلاسیک Theravada بسیار محترم، در
حالی که Theravada مدرن متمرکز بر اولین آموزه های بودا است.
مدرن Theravada

مقاله اصلی: مدرن ترآواادا

Bhikkhu
Bodhi، Dhammavuddho Thera و دیگران شک و تردید دارند، همانطور که
دانشمندان مدرن درباره متون بعدي دارند و اگر آنها Buddhavacana (کلمات
دقیق بودا) باشند یا خیر.
احتمالا تمدن های مدرن دارای اندکی عقاید اند، اما احتمالا یکی از موارد زیر را می گیرند:

1.
چهار نیکایا اول از همه آنها Budhavacana، به علاوه کتاب های زیر از
Khuddaka نیکیه: Dhammapada، Udana، Itivuttaka، Sutta Nipata، Theragatha،
و Therigatha؛
و Patimokkha از Vinaya. (این هنوز 30 درصد از 40 جلد را بخشی بوداواکانا از Tipitaka می کند.)

2.
همه موارد فوق، به علاوه کتابهای دیگر Khuddaka Nikaya، و همچنین سایر
کتابهای Vinaya به علاوه Abhidhamma، اما آنها را به عنوان نوشته شده توسط
شاگردان بعدی بودا، که ممکن است Arahants نوشته شده است و در نتیجه، هنوز
به ارزش
شامل کانن است، اگرچه بخش قابل توجهی از بودیسم اصلی نیست.

راهبان
محقق، آژان سوجاتو و آژان براملی، کتاب “اعتبار اولیه متون مقدس بودایی”
را نوشته اند و با شماره ی یک بالا، شامل 4 نیکایا و بعضی از خدکار نیکایا
به عنوان بوداواکانا هستند.

همچنین نگاه کنید به: بودیسم اصلی
منابع

کتاب کامل کتابهای بودا - توضیح داده شده است. دیوید N. اسنایدر، Ph.D.، 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
اعتبار نخستین نوشته های بودایی، انجمن انتشارات بودایی، 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 اوایل تا کنون اخیر کلاسیک Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
توماس
ویلیام رییس دیویدز در هندوستان بودایی خود (ص 188) جدول زمانی از ادبیات
بودایی را از زمان بودا تا زمان آشوکا ارائه داده است که به شرح زیر است:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sGRZfkeEoc&t=1s
GEOGRAPHY PERSIA buddhism iran rotn07ak james kenneth powell youtube 512
JAMES K POWELL II
Published on Apr 28, 2009
GEOGRAPHY PERSIA buddhism iran rotn07ak james kenneth powell youtube 512
Category
Education


youtube.com
GEOGRAPHY PERSIA buddhism iran rotn07ak james kenneth powell youtube 512


74) Classical Polish

74) Język klasyczny polski

2651 Czw 14 Cze LEKCJA

Teraz

Analytic
Insight Net - BEZPŁATNA internetowa szkoła badań i praktyk w Tipiṭaka i
pokrewne wiadomości przez http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org w 105
KLASYCZNYCH JĘZYKACH

Paṭisambhidā
Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca Paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya
ca πātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsā

to KANAŁ Online NEWS
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1-10 od początku do najnowszej Chronologii Pali Canon

Thomas
William Rhys Davids w swoich Indiach buddyjskich (s. 188) podał
chronologiczną tabelę literatury buddyjskiej od czasów Buddy do czasów
Ashoki, która jest następująca:

1.
Proste stwierdzenia buddyjskiej doktryny znalazły się teraz, w
identycznych słowach, w akapitach lub wersetach powtarzających się we
wszystkich księgach.

2. Epizody znalezione identycznymi słowy w dwóch lub więcej istniejących książkach.

3. Silas, Parayana, Octades, Patimokkha.

4. Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara i Samyutta Nikayas.

5. Sutta Nipata, Thera i Theri Gathas, Udany i Khuddaka Patha.

6. Sutta Vibhanga i Khandhkas.

7. Jatakas i Dhammapadas.

8. Niddesa, Itivuttakas i Patisambbhida.

9. Peta i Vimana-Vatthus, Apadana, Cariya-Pitaka i Buddhavamsa.

10. Książki Abhidhammy; ostatni z nich to Katha-Vatthu, a najwcześniej prawdopodobnie Puggala-Pannatti.

Osoby
wymienione u góry lub blisko góry, takie jak cyfry od pierwszej do
piątej, są uważane za najwcześniejsze, najstarsze teksty i
najprawdopodobniej są autentyczne i są dokładnymi słowami Buddy.
Późniejsze
teksty i komentarze oraz Visuddhimagga są bardzo cenione przez
klasyczną Theravadę, podczas gdy współczesna Theravada koncentruje się
na najwcześniejszych naukach Buddy.
Nowoczesna Theravada

Główny artykuł: Nowoczesna Theravada

Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera i inni mają wątpliwości, podobnie jak
współcześni uczeni o późniejszych tekstach i czy są Buddhavacana
(dokładne słowa Buddy) czy nie.
Współcześni
Theravadins prawdopodobnie mają pewną różnorodność opinii, ale
prawdopodobnie przyjmują jedną z następujących rzeczy:

1.
Pierwszymi czterema Nikayami w całości są Buddhavacana oraz następujące
książki z Khuddaki Nikayi: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata,
Theragatha i Therigatha;
i Patimokkha z Vinaya. (To by spowodowało, że część Buddhavacana w Tipitace z grubsza 30 z 40 tomów.)

2.
Wszystkie powyższe, plus inne księgi Khuddaka Nikaya, plus inne książki
Vinayi, a także Abhidhamma, ale zobacz je jako napisane przez
późniejszych uczniów Buddy, którzy mogli być arahantami, a zatem nadal
godnymi bycia
zawarte w kanonie, choć nie jest to prawdopodobnie część oryginalnego buddyzmu.

Uczeni
mnisi Ajahn Sujato i Ajahn Brahmali napisali książkę Autentyczność
wczesnych tekstów buddyjskich i zgadzają się z pierwszym numerem,
składającym się z pierwszych 4 Nikayas i niektórych Khuddaka Nikaya jako
Buddhavacana.

Zobacz także: Oryginalny buddyzm
Referencje

Kompletna Księga List Buddhy - Poradnik. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Autentyczność wczesnych buddyjskich tekstów Buddhist Publication Society, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 od początku do najnowszej Chronologii Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids w swoich Indiach buddyjskich (s. 188) podał
chronologiczną tabelę literatury buddyjskiej od czasów Buddy do czasów
Ashoki, która jest następująca:



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75) Classical Portuguese

75)Português Clássico,


2651 Qui 14 Jun AULA

Agora

Rede
analítica da introspecção - universidade em linha LIVRE da pesquisa e
da prática de Tipiṭaka e NOTES relacionados através de
http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org em 105 LÍNGUAS CLÁSSICAS

Paṭisambhidā
Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca Paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya
ca ñātibhūta Pavatti Nissaya http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsā

é um canal de notícias on-line
Catering para mais de 3000 e-mails:
200 WhatsApp, Facebook e Twitter.

https://dhammawiki.com/index.php/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of_Pali_Canon

https://dhammawiki.com/…/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of…
1-10 cedo para recente Cronologia de Pali Canon

Thomas
William Rhys Davids em sua Índia budista (p. 188) deu uma tabela
cronológica da literatura budista desde o tempo do Buda até a época de
Ashoka, que é a seguinte:

1.
As simples afirmações da doutrina budista agora se encontram, em
palavras idênticas, em parágrafos ou versículos recorrentes em todos os
livros.

2. Episódios encontrados, em palavras idênticas, em dois ou mais dos livros existentes.

3. O Silas, o Parayana, os Octades, o Patimokkha.

4. A Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara e Samyutta Nikayas.

5. O Sutta Nipata, o Thera e o Theri Gathas, os Udanas e o Khuddaka Patha.

6. O Sutta Vibhanga e Khandhkas.

7. Os Jatakas e os Dhammapadas.

8. O Niddesa, o Itivuttakas e o Patisambbhida.

9. O Peta e Vimana-Vatthus, o Apadana, o Cariya-Pitaka e o Buddhavamsa.

10. Os livros do Abhidhamma; o último dos quais é o Katha-Vatthu, e o primeiro provavelmente o Puggala-Pannatti.

Aqueles
listados no topo ou perto do topo, como os números de um a cinco, são
considerados os textos mais antigos e mais antigos e os mais prováveis
​​de serem autênticos e as palavras exatas do Buda.
Os
textos posteriores e os comentários e o Visuddhimagga são muito
apreciados pela Clássica Theravada, enquanto a Moderna Theravada se
concentra nos primeiros ensinamentos do Buda.
Theravada moderno

Artigo principal: Modern Theravada

Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera e outros têm suas dúvidas, assim como
estudiosos modernos sobre os textos posteriores e se são Buddhavacana
(palavras exatas de Buda) ou não.
Os
Theravadins modernos provavelmente possuem uma pequena variedade de
opiniões, mas provavelmente seguem um dos seguintes procedimentos:

1.
Os quatro primeiros Nikayas na sua totalidade são Buddhavacana, mais os
seguintes livros do Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka,
Sutta Nipata, Theragatha e Therigatha;
e o Patimokkha do Vinaya. (Isso ainda faria a porção Buddhavacana do Tipitaka aproximadamente 30 de 40 volumes.)

2.
Todos os itens acima, mais os outros livros do Khuddaka Nikaya, mais os
outros livros do Vinaya, mais o Abhidhamma, mas veja-os como escritos
por discípulos posteriores do Buddha, que podem ter sido arahants e
assim, ainda dignos de serem
incluído no Canon, embora não seja provável parte do Budismo Original.

Os
monges eruditos Ajahn Sujato e Ajahn Brahmali escreveram o livro A
autenticidade dos primeiros textos budistas e estão de acordo com o
número um acima, consistindo dos primeiros 4 nikayas e alguns dos
khuddaka nikaya como Buddhavacana.

Veja também: Budismo Original
Referências

O Livro Completo das Listas de Buda - Explicado. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
A autenticidade da sociedade de publicação budista dos primeiros textos budistas, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 cedo para recente Cronologia de Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids em sua Índia budista (p. 188) deu uma tabela
cronológica da literatura budista desde o tempo do Buda até a época de
Ashoka, que é a seguinte:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXjlXW46qVk
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76) Classical Punjabi
76) ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ

2651 ਜੂਨ 14 ਜੂਨ ਪਾਠ

ਹੁਣ

ਐਨਾਲਟਿਕ
ਇਨਸਾਈਟ ਨੈਟ - ਮੁਫਤ ਆਨਲਾਈਨ ਟਾਇਕੂਕਾ ਰੀਸਰਚ ਐਂਡ ਪ੍ਰੈਕਟਿਸ ਯੂਨੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਅਤੇ
ਸਬੰਧਤ ਨਿਊਜ਼ ਦੁਆਰਾ http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org ਦੇ 105 ਸਰੀਰਕ ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿਚ

ਪਸੀਸੰਭਿਧਾ
ਜਲਾ-ਅੱਲ੍ਹਾ ਪਰਪੰਤੀ ਟਿਪਕਾਕ ਅਨਵੇਸਨਾ ਸੀਏ ਪਾਰਿਕਿਆ ਨਿਖਿਲਵਜਜਾਲਿਆ ਕੇ ਨਿਤਿਭੂਤਾ
ਪਾਵਤੀ ਨਿਵਾਸਿਆ http://svajan.ambedkar.org ਐਂਟੀ 105 ਸ਼ੁੱਭਾਂਤਿਆਤ ਭਾਸਾ

ਇੱਕ ਆਨਲਾਈਨ ਨਿਊਜ਼ ਚੈਨਲ ਹੈ
3000 ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਈ-ਮੇਲ ਲਈ ਕੇਟਰਿੰਗ:
200 ਵ੍ਹਾਈਟਸ, ਫੇਸਬੁੱਕ ਅਤੇ ਟਵਿੱਟਰ.

https://dhammawiki.com/index.php/1-10_early_to_recent_hronology_of_Pali_Canon

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ਪਾਲੀ ਕੈਨਨ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ

ਆਪਣੇ
ਬੋਧੀ ਭਾਰਤ (ਥ. 188) ਵਿੱਚ ਥਾਮਸ ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਰਾਇਸ ਡੇਵਿਡ ਨੇ ਬੁੱਧ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੋਂ ਬੁੱਧ
ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੱਕ ਅਸ਼ੋਕਾ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਬੌਧ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਦੇ ਸਾਰਕ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਹੈ.

1. ਬੋਧੀ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ ਦੇ ਸਧਾਰਨ ਸਟੇਟਮੈਂਟਾਂ ਹੁਣ ਮਿਲਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਇਕੋ ਜਿਹੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਵਿਚ, ਪੈਰਾਗ੍ਰਾਫ ਜਾਂ ਬਾਣੀ ਦੀਆਂ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਆਉਂਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ.

2. ਐਪੀਸੋਡ ਮਿਲਦੇ-ਜੁਲਦੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਵਿਚ, ਦੋ ਜਾਂ ਦੋ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਪਾਏ ਗਏ ਹਨ.

3. ਸੀਲਾਸ, ਪਰਾਯਣ, ਅੱਠਵੇਂ, ਪਤੀਮੋਖਸ਼ਾ.

4. ਦਿਘਾ, ਮਜਜਿਮਾ, ਅੰਗਤੂਰਾ ਅਤੇ ਸਮਯੁਕਤ ਨਿਕੇਯਸ.

5. ਸੁਤ ਨਿਪਾਤਾ, ​​ਥਾਰਾ ਅਤੇ ਥ੍ਰੀ ਗਠਿਆਂ, ਉਦਨਾਸ ਅਤੇ ਖੁੱਦਕਾ ਪਠਾਣ.

6. ਸੁਤਭਾ ਵਿਭਾੰਗ ਅਤੇ ਖੰਧਕਾ.

7. ਜਤਕਾਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਧਮਾਪਾਪਦਸ.

8. ਨਿਧੀਸਾ, ਇਟਵੰਤਕਾ ਅਤੇ ਪਤੀਸੰਭਾਬਿਦਾ

9. ਪਟਕਾ ਅਤੇ ਵਮਨਾ-ਵਤਥੁਸ, ਅਪਦਾਨਾ, ਕਰਿਆ-ਪਿਤਾਕ ਅਤੇ ਬੁੱਧਵੰਸਾ.

10. ਅਭਿਧਾਮ ਪੁਸਤਕਾਂ; ਚੋਂ ਆਖਰੀ, ਕਥਾ-ਵਠੂ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਸ਼ਾਇਦ ਪੁਗਲਾ-ਪੰਨਾਤੀ.

ਸਿਖਰ
ਤੇ ਜਾਂ ਸਿਖਰ ਦੇ ਉੱਪਰ ਸੂਚੀਬੱਧ, ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਨੰਬਰ ਇੱਕ ਤੋਂ ਪੰਜ, ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪੁਰਾਣੇ,
ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ਸਮਝੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਬੁੱਢੇ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣਿਕ ​​ਅਤੇ ਸਹੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ
ਹੋਣ ਦੀ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ ਹੈ.
ਬਾਅਦ
ਦੇ ਪਾਠ ਅਤੇ ਟਿੱਪਣੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਸੂਧਿਮਗਗਾ, ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਥਰੇਵੜਾ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਉੱਚੇ
ਸਨਮਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੱਖੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜਦੋਂ ਕਿ ਮਾਡਰਨ ਥਰੇਡਾ ਬੁੱਢੇ ਦੀ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪੁਰਾਣੀ
ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ‘ਤੇ ਧਿਆਨ ਕੇਂਦਰਿਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ.
ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਥਰੇਵਡਾ

ਮੁੱਖ ਲੇਖ: ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਥਰੇਵਡਾ

ਭਿਖੁਕ
ਬੋਧੀ, ਧਮਮੁਵਧੂ ਥਰਾ ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਸ਼ੱਕ ਹਨ, ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਬਾਅਦ ਦੇ ਗ੍ਰੰਥਾਂ ਦੇ
ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਵਿਦਵਾਨਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਜੇਕਰ ਉਹ ਬੁਧਵਕਾਸ (ਬੁੱਢੇ ਦੇ ਸਹੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ) ਹਨ ਜਾਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਹਨ
ਆਧੁਨਿਕ ਥਰੇਵਡਿਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸ਼ਾਇਦ ਵੱਖੋ-ਵੱਖਰੇ ਵਿਚਾਰਾਂ ਹਨ ਪਰ ਸੰਭਵ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਲਿਆਓ:

1.
ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਪੂਰੀ ਤਰਾਂ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਚਾਰ ਨਕਾਯੇ ਬੁੱਧਵਕਾਸ ਹਨ, ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਖੁੱਦਕਾ ਨਿਕਾਏ ਤੋਂ
ਹੇਠ ਲਿਖੀਆਂ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ: ਧਮਾਪਾਪਾ, ਉਦਾਨਾ, ਇਟਵੰਤਕਾ, ਸੁਤਾ ਨਿਪਾਤਾ, ​​ਥਰਗਾਥਾ, ਅਤੇ
ਤ੍ਰਿਪਤਾ;
ਅਤੇ ਵਿਨਾਇ ਤੋਂ ਪੈਟਮੋਖਚਾ. (ਇਹ ਹਾਲੇ ਵੀ 40 ਵਿਥੋਅ ਦੇ ਲਗਭਗ 30 ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਟਿੱਪਟਕਾ ਦਾ ਬੁੱਧਵਕਨਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਬਣਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ.)

2.
ਉਪਰੋਕਤ ਸਾਰੇ, ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਖੁੱਦਕਾ ਨਿਕਾਏ ਦੀਆਂ ਹੋਰ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ, ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਹੋਰ ਵਿਨਾਇਕ
ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ, ਅਭਿਧਾਮ, ਪਰੰਤੂ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬੁੱਢੇ ਦੇ ਬਾਅਦ ਦੇ ਚੇਲਿਆਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਗਿਆ
ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਸ਼ਾਇਦ ਅਰਹਿੰਦ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਹੋਣੇ ਚਾਹੀਦੇ ਹਨ
ਕੈਨਨ ਵਿਚ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਸਨ, ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਮੂਲ ਬੋਧੀ ਧਰਮ ਦਾ ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ.

ਵਿਦਵਾਨ
ਭਿਕਸ਼ੂ ਅਜਹਾਨ ਸੁਜਾਤੋ ਅਤੇ ਅਜਹਾਨ ਬ੍ਰਹਮਾਲੀ ਨੇ ਲਿਖਤੀ ਕਿਤਾਬ ‘ਦ ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣਟੀਸੀਟੀ
ਆਫ ਅਰਲੀ ਬੌਡਸਟ ਟੈਕਸਟਸ’ ਲਿਖੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਉਹ ਉਪਰੋਕਤ ਨੰਬਰ ਇਕ ਨਾਲ ਸਹਿਮਤ ਹਨ,
ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਪਹਿਲੇ 4 ਨਿੱਕੇਯਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਕੁਝ ਖੁੱਦਕਾ ਨਿੱਕੇਆ ਨੂੰ ਬੁਧਵਕਾਂ ਵਜੋਂ
ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ.

ਇਹ ਵੀ ਵੇਖੋ: ਮੂਲ ਬੌਧ ਧਰਮ
ਹਵਾਲੇ

ਬੁੱਧਾ ਦੀਆਂ ਸੂਚੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਪੂਰਨ ਪੁਸਤਕ - ਵਿਖਿਆਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਡੇਵਿਡ ਐਨ. ਸਨੀਡਰ, ਪੀਐਚ.ਡੀ., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
ਬੌਧੀ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼ਨ ਸੁਸਾਇਟੀ, 2014 ਦੇ ਅਰਲੀ ਬੋਧੀ ਟੈਕਸਟਸ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਮਾਣਿਕਤਾ
https://suttacentral.net/
Dhhammawiki.com
1-10 ਤੋਂ ਲੈ ਕੇ ਹੁਣ ਤਕ ਹਾਲ ਹੀ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਪਾਲੀ ਕੈਨਨ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ - ਧਾਮ ਵਿਕੀ
ਆਪਣੇ
ਬੋਧੀ ਭਾਰਤ (ਥ. 188) ਵਿੱਚ ਥਾਮਸ ਵਿਲੀਅਮ ਰਾਇਸ ਡੇਵਿਡ ਨੇ ਬੁੱਧ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੋਂ ਬੁੱਧ
ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੱਕ ਅਸ਼ੋਕਾ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਬੌਧ ਸਾਹਿਤ ਦੇ ਸਾਰਕ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਦਿੱਤਾ ਹੈ.



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https://dhammawiki.com/…/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of…
1-10 early to recent Chronology of Pali Canon

Thomas William Rhys Davids in his Buddhist India (p. 188) has given a
chronological table of Buddhist literature from the time of the Buddha
to the time of Ashoka which is as follows:

1. The simple statements of Buddhist doctrine now found, in identical
words, in paragraphs or verses recurring in all the books.

2. Episodes found, in identical words, in two or more of the existing books.

3. The Silas, the Parayana, the Octades, the Patimokkha.

4. The Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, and Samyutta Nikayas.

5. The Sutta Nipata, the Thera and Theri Gathas, the Udanas, and the Khuddaka Patha.

6. The Sutta Vibhanga, and Khandhkas.

7. The Jatakas and the Dhammapadas.

8. The Niddesa, the Itivuttakas and the Patisambbhida.

9. The Peta and Vimana-Vatthus, the Apadana, the Cariya-Pitaka, and the Buddhavamsa.

10. The Abhidhamma books; the last of which is the Katha-Vatthu, and the earliest probably the Puggala-Pannatti.

Those listed at the top or near the top, such as numbers one to five,
are considered the earliest, oldest texts and the most likely to be
authentic and the exact words of the Buddha. The later texts and the
commentaries and the Visuddhimagga, are held in very high esteem by
Classical Theravada, whereas, the Modern Theravada focuses on the
earliest teachings of the Buddha.
Modern Theravada

Main article: Modern Theravada

Bhikkhu Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera and others have their doubts, as do
modern scholars about the later texts and if they are Buddhavacana
(exact words of Buddha) or not. Modern Theravadins probably hold a
slight variety of opinions but probably take one of the following:

1. The first four Nikayas in their entirety are Buddhavacana, plus the
following books from the Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka,
Sutta Nipata, Theragatha, and Therigatha; and the Patimokkha from the
Vinaya. (That would still make the Buddhavacana portion of the Tipitaka
roughly 30 out of 40 volumes.)

2. All of the above, plus the
other books of the Khuddaka Nikaya, plus the other Vinaya books, plus
the Abhidhamma, but see them as written by later disciples of the
Buddha, who may have been arahants and thus, still worthy to be included
in the Canon, although not likely part of Original Buddhism.

The
scholar monks Ajahn Sujato and Ajahn Brahmali have written the book The
Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts and they are in agreement with
number one above, consisting of the first 4 Nikayas and some of the
Khuddaka Nikaya as Buddhavacana.

See also: Original Buddhism
References

The Complete Book of Buddha’s Lists — Explained. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
The Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts Buddhist Publication Society, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 early to recent Chronology of Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids in his Buddhist India (p. 188) has given a
chronological table of Buddhist literature from the time of the Buddha
to the time of Ashoka which is as follows:



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REFLECTION R556: “The thieves (a parable)” (To download PDF).

[Click here for past Inspirations; Revisioning Buddhism & Index of Reflections] 


The Thieves (a parable)

 

[This
parable reminds us to speak up compassionately and at the right time
when we need to. Furthermore, if we listen carefully to what others have
to say, even in a seemingly harsh or rude way, we often have something
valuable to learn.]

 

Once
thieves broke into a rich man’s house in the night. They stealthily
moved around the house looking for valuables while the rich man and his
family slept soundly. An old neigh­bour saw the thieves and shouted
loudly, waking up the rich man and his family.

 

The
thieves ran away in time, and were not seen. The rich man, angry at
being woken up in the middle of the night scolded the old man, calling
him senile and rude, to see thieves in such a safe house with high walls
and guards.

A
few weeks passed, and then again, the same thieves came into the rich
man’s house. The old neighbour saw the thieves from his house. But
warned against raising any alarm and troubling the rich man, he remained
silent.

The
thieves then stole the rich man’s valuables, including his solid golden
Buddha image that was handed down through generations. When the rich
man and his family woke up the next morning, they discovered their
losses, and could only lament. This time the rich scolded the old
neighbour, blaming him for their losses, because he did not raise the
alarm.

Recalling
that the rich man had much more wealth hidden away in his house, and
the neighbour’s silence, the thieves were emboldened. Months later, they
broke into the house again. This time, the rich man was woken by a
noise made by a careless thief.

The
head thief killed the rich man and tied up the rest of the family and
their guards. This time they took all the riches they could find. They
moved their loot through the front door into their waiting vehicles and
drove off. The old neighbour was silent – he had died, too. And the rich
man’s family, fortunate enough to be spared their lives, had to sell
their house and lived in poverty for a long time to come.

The
rich man’s foolishness and selfishness cost him his life and troubled
his family. The thieves became wealthy and respectable, since it was
easy to be respectable because of wealth. The wealthy man’s family
became so poor that they had to start from scratch, working very hard.

Our
past foolishness may affect our present life. We can change what is
present before us with only with wisdom and diligence. The right and
good that we do now will help those whom come after us – including
ourselves, because we will return to our unfinished businesses.

In
this parable, the old neighbour is the Buddha or his disciple – or any
Dharma practitioner. The wealthy man is a Buddhist leader and the family
are his followers – or Buddhists in general. The thieves (cora) are the bad monastics and priests who appear learned, respectable and compassionate, but do not keep to the monastic rules.

On the warnings in the suttas about monastics who are “thieves,” see the Arahatta Susīma Sutta (S 12.70,58-63) SD 16.8. On types of alms-eaters, see also SD 45.18 (2.3.3.2). On monastics who do not keep to the rules, see SD 49.2 (1.1.3).

R556 Inspiration 345
Piya Tan ©2016, 2018

 

— End of Reflection —

 

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2650 Wed 13 Jun LESSON Chronology of Pali Canon in 23) Classical English, 65) Classical Maltese-Klassiku Malti,66) Classical Maori-Maori Maori, 67 Classical Marathi-शास्त्रीय मराठी,68) Classical Mongolian- Сонгодог монгол хэл,69) Classical Myanmar (Burmese)-), Classical မြန်မာ (ဗမာ),70) Classical Nepali-शास्त्रीय नेपाली,71) Classical Norwegian- Klassisk norsk
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2650 Wed 13 Jun  LESSON


Chronology of Pali Canon

in 23) Classical English,
65) Classical Maltese-Klassiku Malti,66) Classical Maori-Maori Maori,
67 Classical Marathi-शास्त्रीय मराठी,68) Classical Mongolian- Сонгодог монгол хэл,69) Classical Myanmar (Burmese)-), Classical မြန်မာ (ဗမာ),70) Classical Nepali-शास्त्रीय नेपाली,71) Classical Norwegian- Klassisk norsk





65) Classical Maltese
65) Klassiku Malti

2650 It-Tnejn 13 ta ‘Ġunju LESSON

Issa

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KLASSIĊI

Paṭisambhidā
Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca Paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya
ca ñātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsā

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1-10 kmieni għall-Kronoloġija reċenti ta ‘Pali Canon

Thomas
William Rhys Davids fl-Indja Buddista tiegħu (p. 188) ta tabella
kronoloġika tal-letteratura Buddista mill-ħin tal-Buddha sal-ħin ta
‘Ashoka li huwa kif ġej:

1.
Id-dikjarazzjonijiet sempliċi tad-duttrina Buddista issa nstabu,
f’kelmi identiċi, f’paragrafi jew versi rikurrenti fil-kotba kollha.

2. Episodji misjuba, bi kliem identiċi, f’żewġ jew aktar mill-kotba eżistenti.

3. Il-Silas, il-Parayana, l-Octades, il-Patimokkha.

4. Il-Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara u Samyutta Nikayas.

5. Is-Sutta Nipata, it-Thera u Theri Gathas, il-Udanas, u l-Khuddaka Patha.

6. Is-Sutta Vibhanga, u Khandhkas.

7. Il-Jatakas u d-Dhammapadas.

8. Niddesa, Itivuttakas u Patisambbhida.

9. Il-Peta u Vimana-Vatthus, l-Apadana, il-Cariya-Pitaka, u l-Buddhavamsa.

10. Il-kotba Abhidhamma; l-aħħar waħda hija l-Katha-Vatthu, u l-aktar kmieni probbabilment il-Puggala-Pannatti.

Dawk
elenkati fil-quċċata jew ħdejn il-quċċata, bħan-numri minn ħamsa sa
ħamsa, huma kkunsidrati bħala l-aktar testi qodma, eqdem u l-iktar
probabbli li jkunu awtentiċi u l-kliem eżatt tal-Buddha.
It-testi
ta ‘wara u l-kummentarji u l-Visuddhimagga huma miżmuma bi stima għolja
ħafna mill-Theravada Klassika, filwaqt li t-Theravada Moderna tiffoka
fuq it-taghlim bikri tal-Buddha.
Theravada Moderna

Artikolu prinċipali: Theravada Moderna

Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera u oħrajn għandhom id-dubji tagħhom, kif
jagħmlu studjużi moderni dwar it-testi ta ‘wara u jekk huma Buddhavacana
(kliem eżatt ta’ Buddha) jew le.
Theravadins Moderna probabilment għandhom varjetà żgħira ta ‘opinjonijiet iżda probabilment jieħdu waħda minn dawn li ġejjin:

1.
L-ewwel erba Nikayas fl-intier tagħhom huma Buddhavacana, flimkien
mal-kotba li ġejjin mill-Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka,
Sutta Nipata, Theragatha u Therigatha;
u l-Patimokkha mill-Vinaya. (Dan xorta jagħmel il-porzjon Buddhavacana tat-Tipitaka bejn wieħed u ieħor 30 minn 40 volum).

2.
Kollha ta ‘hawn fuq, flimkien mal-kotba l-oħra tal-Khuddaka Nikaya,
flimkien mal-kotba Vinaya oħra, flimkien mal-Abhidhamma, iżda jarawhom
kif miktub minn dixxipli posterjuri tal-Buddha, li setgħu kienu arahants
u għalhekk, xorta jistħoqqilhom
inkluż fil-Canon, għalkemm mhux probabbli parti mill-Buddiżmu Oriġinali.

Il-patrijiet
akkademiċi Ajahn Sujato u Ajahn Brahmali kitbu l-ktieb The Authenticity
of Early Buddhist Texts u huma jaqblu man-numru wieħed t’hawn fuq, li
jikkonsisti mill-ewwel 4 Nikayas u xi wħud mill-Nikka Khuddaka bħala
Buddhavacana.

Ara wkoll: Buddiżmu Oriġinali
Referenzi

Il-Ktieb sħiħ tal-Listi ta ‘Buddha - Spjegat. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
L-Awtentiċità tat-Testi Buddisti Bikrija Is-Soċjetà Buddista tal-2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 kmieni għall-Kronoloġija reċenti ta ‘Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids fl-Indja Buddista tiegħu (p. 188) ta tabella
kronoloġika tal-letteratura Buddista mill-ħin tal-Buddha sal-ħin ta
‘Ashoka li huwa kif ġej:



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Benoy Behl
Published on Jul 22, 2014
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66) Classical Maori

66) Maori Maori

2650 Wene 13 Jun RAUNEI

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Paṭisambhidā
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ca ñātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsā

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1-10 i te tīmatanga o te Chronology o Pali Canon

Ko
Thomas William Rhys Davids i roto i tana Buddhist India (p. 188) kua
hoatu he ripanga o nga pukapuka Buddhist mai i te wa o Buddha ki te wa o
Ashoka e penei:

1.
Ko nga korero o te whakaakoranga Buddhist kua kitea inaianei, i roto i
nga kupu rite, i roto i nga paraka, nga ira ranei e mau ana i roto i nga
pukapuka katoa.

2. I kitea nga pukapuka i roto i nga kupu rite, i roto i nga pukapuka e rua, neke atu ranei.

3. Ko Hira, ko Parayana, ko Octades, ko Patimokkha.

4. Ko Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, me Samyutta Nikayas.

5. Ko te Sutta Nipata, ko Thera, ko Theri Gathas, ko Udanas, ko te Khuddaka Patha.

6. Ko te Sutta Vibhanga, ko Khandhkas.

7. Nga Jatakas me nga Dhammapadas.

8. Te Niddesa, te Itivuttakas me te Patisambbhida.

9. Ko te Peta me te Vimana-Vatthus, te Apadana, te Cariya-Pitaka, me te Buddhavamsa.

10. Ko nga pukapuka Abhidamama; ko te whakamutunga ko te Katha-Vatthu, ko te tuatahi ko Puggala-Pannatti.

Ko
nga mea kua whakaruarangitia ki runga, e tata ana ranei ki runga, e
rite ana ki te tau kotahi ki te rima, ka whakaarohia ko nga timatanga,
ko nga tuhinga tawhito, me te mea pea he pono, me nga kupu tika a
Buddha.
Ko
nga tuhinga o muri mai, me nga korero me nga Visuddhimagga, kei te tino
nui te ahua o te Classical Theravada, engari ko te Modern Theravada te
arotahi ki nga whakaakoranga tuatahi a Buddha.
Modern Theravada

Tuhinga matua: Modern Theravada

Ko
Bhikkhu Bodhi, ko Dhammavuddho Thera me etahi atu he ruarua, he rite
hoki nga tohunga hou mo nga tuhinga o muri mai, me te mea he
Buddhavacana (nga kupu tika o Buddha), ehara ranei.
He maha nga whakaaro o te Theravadins Modern kaore pea e whai ake nei:

1.
Ko Nikayas tuatahi tuatahi ko Buddhavacana, me nga pukapuka e whai ake
nei mai i te Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta
Nipata, Theragatha, me Therigatha;
me te Patimokkha i te Vinaya. (Ka waiho tonu te waa Buddhavacana o te Tipitaka i te 30 o nga 40 o nga pukapuka.)

2.
Ko nga mea katoa o runga ake, me era atu pukapuka o te Khuddaka Nikaya,
me era atu pukapuka Vinaya, me te Abhidhamma, engari ka kite ia ratou i
tuhia e nga akonga o muri mai o te Buddha, he tangata kua awhina, me te
mea he tika tonu kia waiho hei
kei roto i te Canon, ahakoa kaore he waahanga o te Buddhism taketake.

Kua
tuhia e te karauna moemoea Ajahn Sujato me Ajahn Brahmali te pukapuka
Ko te Pono o nga Pukapuka Buddhist Early, a he rite ki te tau kotahi i
runga ake, ko te Nikayas tuatahi me etahi o nga Khuddaka Nikaya ano ko
Buddhavacana.

Titiro hoki: Ko te Buddhism taketake
Nga korero

Ko te Puka Tuhituhi o nga Pukapuka a Buddha - Kua Whakamahia. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Ko te Motuhake o nga Pukapuka Buddhist Early Buddhist Publication Society, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 i te tīmatanga o te Chronology o Canon Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Ko
Thomas William Rhys Davids i roto i tana Buddhist India (p. 188) kua
hoatu he ripanga o nga pukapuka Buddhist mai i te wa o Buddha ki te wa o
Ashoka e penei:


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आपल्या
बौद्ध भारत (थॉमस 188) मध्ये थॉमस विल्यम राईस डेव्हिड्स यांनी बुद्धकालीन
काळापासून अशोकच्या काळातील बौद्ध साहित्याचा कालानुक्रमिक टेबल दिला आहे:

बौद्ध सिद्धांतातील साध्या विधाने आता सर्व पुस्तकात पुनरावृत्त परिच्छेद किंवा अध्याय मध्ये समान शब्दांत आढळतात.

2. एपिसोडचे दोन किंवा त्यापेक्षा जास्त पुस्तके एकसारखे शब्द आहेत.

3. सिलास, परिण, ऑक्टेट्स, पाटीमोक

दिघा, माजजिमा, अंगुत्तारा आणि समुत निकय्या.

5. सुत्ता निपत, थेरा आणि थेरथ, आठवत, आणि खुडका पथ.

6. सुत्त विभंगा व खांडके.

7. जटाका आणि धम्मपदास.

8. निदेशास, इतिवत्तकास आणि पतिसंबभड्डा

9. पेटा आणि विमन-वत्थस, अपदाना, करिया-पितका आणि बौद्धवंसा.

10. अभिनव पुस्तके; जे शेवटचे आहे ते कथा-वाथू, आणि सर्वात आधी कदाचित पुगल-पन्नट्टी.

शीर्षस्थानी
किंवा शीर्षस्थानी सूचीबद्ध केलेले, जसे की संख्या एक ते पाच, हे सर्वात
जुने, जुने ग्रंथ समजले जातात आणि ते प्रामाणिक असण्याची आणि बुद्धांच्या
अचूक शब्दांची जास्त शक्यता असते.
नंतरचे
ग्रंथ आणि टीपा आणि विसचिहिमग्गा हे प्राचीन थिवाडाने अतिशय आदराने ठेवले
आहेत, तर आधुनिक थिवाडांनी बुद्धांच्या सुरुवातीच्या शिकवणींवर लक्ष
केंद्रित केले आहे.
आधुनिक थेरवडा

मुख्य लेख: आधुनिक थेरवाद

नंतरच्या
ग्रंथांविषयी आधुनिक विद्वान म्हणून भिक्खु बोधी, धम्मुंदु थ्रा आणि
इतरांच्या मनात शंका आहेत आणि जर ते बुद्धवचन आहेत (बुद्धांच्या अचूक शब्द)
किंवा नाहीत तर
आधुनिक Theravadins कदाचित मते एक किंचित विविध धारण पण कदाचित खालील पैकी एक घेऊन:

1.
त्यांच्यातील पहिले चार नाकाय हे बुद्धवचन आहेत, तसेच खालील पुस्तके
खादुका निकियामा: धम्मपद, उदाना, इतिवत्तक, सुत्ता निपाता, थरगाथा, आणि
थेरिथा आहेत.
आणि विन्याकडून पाथीमक्षी. (तरीही 40 खंडांतील 30 पैकी तिप्पटकाचा बौद्धकानाचा भाग तयार होईल.)

2.
वरील पैकी सर्व, तसेच खुद्दका निकयच्या इतर पुस्तके, तसेच इतर विनय
पुस्तके, अभिधमम्, परंतु त्यांना बुद्धांच्या नंतरच्या अनुयायांनी लिहिलेली
पहात आहेत, जे अरहाण ठरले आहेत आणि अशा प्रकारे ते अद्याप योग्य आहेत
मूळ बौद्ध धर्माचा भाग नसला तरी तो कॅननमध्ये समाविष्ट झाला.

विद्वान
महासत्ता अजहन सुजातो आणि अजहन ब्रह्माली यांनी ‘द प्रामाणिकिटी ऑफ अर्ली
बौव्हिस्ट ग्रंथ्स’ हे पुस्तक लिहिलं आहे आणि ते पहिल्या क्रमांकावर
असलेल्या 4 निकेय आणि काही खुद्दाक निकशा यांच्याकडे बौद्धकन म्हणून
समाविष्ट आहेत.

हे देखील पहा: मूळ बौद्ध धर्म
संदर्भ

बुद्धांच्या सूचीची पूर्ण पुस्तक - स्पष्ट डेव्हिड एन. स्नायडर, पीएच.डी., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
बौद्ध प्रकाशन सोसायटी, 2014 मधील प्रारंभिक बौद्ध ग्रंथांचे सत्यत्व.
https://suttacentral.net/
धम्मॉमी. com
1 9 1-10 च्या सुरुवातीस अलीकडील कालवाली पाली कॅनन - धम्म विकी
आपल्या
बौद्ध भारत (थॉमस 188) मध्ये थॉमस विल्यम राईस डेव्हिड्स यांनी बुद्धकालीन
काळापासून अशोकच्या काळातील बौद्ध साहित्याचा कालानुक्रमिक टेबल दिला आहे:



Buddha’s original words in Classical Marathi

Buddha life story in Marathi
Harshavardhan Devde
Published on Aug 16, 2015
Category
Nonprofits & Activism

https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/3800248/what-is-gif-how-pronounced-animated-memes/


The Sun

BIRTHDAY GIFT

What is a GIF, who invented the image format, how is it pronounced and what’s an animated meme?


From
its humble beginnings on black and white computers to its now
ubiquitous usage in memes and how Facebook is celebrating the GIF’s
birthday


THE GIF turned 30 today, so, let’s wish the Graphical Interchange Format a very happy birthday.


From its humble beginnings on black and white computers to its now
ubiquitous usage in memes, we have the lowdown on one of the most
important file formats in history.



 Warner Bros still has the original Space Jam website running from 1996 - each of those images is a GIF
7
Warner Bros still has the original Space Jam website running from 1996 - each of those images is a GIF


What is a GIF?


A GIF, or Graphical Interchange
Format, is a bitmap image format that was invented on June 15 1987 by a
US software writer called Steve Wilhite for CompuServe.


Gifs are highly compressed images that typically allow up to 8 bits
per pixel for each image, which in total allow up to 256 colours across
the image.


For comparison, a JPEG image can display up to 16 million colours and pretty much reaches the limits of the human eye.


Back when the internet was new, gifs were used extensively because they didn’t require much bandwidth.

Check out the original Space Jam website from 1996, pictured above - it still works!



 Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck in a perpetual argument over how to pronounce gif.
7
Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck in a perpetual argument over how to pronounce gif.


How do you pronounce GIF?


This is probably one of the most important questions that you could ever have asked Jeeves.


Without any further adieu, the creators of the gif pronounced the word as “jif”, with a soft g like that in “gin”.


According to Steve Wilhite, he intended it to sound like the American brand of peanut butter, Jif.


If only it was that simple - the pronunciation with a hard G as in
“gift” is listed by the Cambridge Dictionary of American English as the
correct pronunciation, whilst the Oxford English Dictionary lists both
pronunciations as correct.


Saying gif with a hard g is also widely used across the English
speaking world and it would seem that people pronounce it based on
personal preference.


This eternal disagreement has lead to heated debates across the
Internet and it doesn’t seem like an argument that will ever go away.




7


What are animated GIFs?


A single gif file can feature multiple frames which are displayed in
succession in order to create an animated clip, these can either be
looped endlessly or just stop at the end of the sequence.


We tend to use animated gifs today as “Reaction Gifs”, they act as
fun replies for conversations on apps like Facebook Messenger.




7

Animated gifs are one of the most common image formats on the
Internet and now you can find the perfect gif for any topic using
websites like Giphy.


So instead of replying to your ex with a sad face emoji, or words
like a regular human being, you can just send them a gif of Zooey
Deschanel instead.




7

But they can also be used to create amazing pieces of art in the form of the Cinemagraph, coined and created by husband and wife duo Jamie Beck and Kevin Burg.


Across a static image they create individual instances of motion
which ultimately creates moments of eloquence and peacefulness, turning
the humble gif into something that could be profound or meaningful.




7
The Cinemagraph isolates movement within the frame and uses it to create something peaceful and reflective.


What about memes?


The main difference between an animated gif and a meme is that memes
tend to be static images that make a topical or pop culture reference
and animated gifs are, more simply, moving images.


You can find all the animated gif memes that your heart desires at website such as Giphy and Awesome Gifs.


As with most things, gifs and memes work better together. Grab an
animated gif and stick some topical words on it et voilà, you have an
animated meme.




7


How did Facebook celebrate the GIF’s birthday?


To mark the GIF turning 30, Facebook has added new GIF related services to the social media platform.


Users could already post GIFs in status updates, but from today they can also use them in comment threads.


Happy birthday GIF.

68) Classical Mongolian
68) Сонгодог монгол хэл

2650 Өнгөрсөн 13-р сар LESSON

Одоо

Аналитик
Insight Net - Онлайн Татварын Товчоо ба Практикийн Их Сургууль ба
холбогдох МЭДЭЭЛЭЛ http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org хаягаар 105 CLASSICAL
LANGUAGES

Паṭисамбхада
Жаяа-Абаддха Парипванти Тутсүхака Анушана Парикаяа Никилавъямалала ва
ѐнтуша Паватти Нисяяа http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Сүнтхарянятта Бхакса

Онлайн Мэдээ суваг
3000 гаруй И-мэйлээр үйлчлэх:
200 WhatsApp, Facebook болон Twitter.

https://dammammiki.com/index.php/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of_Pali_Canon

https://dhammawiki.com/…/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of…
Пали Канонын дараалал

Буддын
Энэтхэгийн Томас Уильям Рис Дэвид (188-р хуудас) нь Бурхан багшийн үеэс
Ашока хот хүртэлх буддын ном судруудын он цагийн дарааллыг өгчээ.

1. Одоогийн Буддын шашны сургаалын энгийн өгүүлбэрүүд нь ижил төстэй үгс, бүх номонд гарч буй догол мөр эсвэл шүлэгт байдаг.

2. Хичээлийн хоёр буюу түүнээс олон номнууд ижил төстэй үг олдсон.

3. Силас, Паранаа, аравдугаар сар, Патимокка.

4. Дилаа, Мажжима, Анутара, Самуата Никая нар.

5. Сатта Нипата, Тера, Тери Гатас, Уданас, Хаддака Пата нар.

6. Сатта Вибхана, мөн Хандарка.

7. Жатакас ба Дэммамбадууд.

8. Ниддеша, Йитттхакка ба Патисамббида нар.

9. Газрын зураг, Вимана-Ваттус, Ападана, Кэрия-Питака, Буддавама нар.

10. Абидраммын номууд; Хамгийн сүүлийн нь Ката-Ватту, хамгийн эртний нь Puggala-Pannatti юм.

Жишээ
нь, нэгээс тав хүртэлх тооны дээд талд буюу дээд талд байрласан тэдгээр
хүмүүс бол хамгийн эртний, хамгийн эртний эх бичвэрүүд бөгөөд Буддын
жинхэнэ үгс, хамгийн үнэн үг байж магадгүй юм.
Сүүлд
бичсэн текстүүд, тайлбарууд болон Вишүддхрэнга нь сонгодог Теравадагаас
маш их үнэлэгддэг бол орчин үеийн Теравада нь Буддагийн эртний сургаал
дээр төвлөрдөг.
Орчин үеийн Теравада

Гол өгүүлэл: Орчин үеийн Теравада

Бхавхи
Бххи, Дмамамдддхо Тха болон бусад шавь нар нь эргэлзээтэй байдаг. Орчин
үеийн эрдэмтдийн адил хожмын бичгүүдийн тухай, Буддавакана (Буддагийн
яг тодорхой үгс) гэх мэтээр эргэлздэг.
Орчин үеийн Теравадинууд бага зэрэг янз бүрийн санал бодолтой байж магадгүй ч дараах зүйлсийн аль нэгийг нь авч болно:

1.
Эхний дөрвөн Никая нь бүхэлдээ Буддавакана бөгөөд Хаддака Назаяагийн
дараахь номуудыг багтаасан: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata,
Theragatha, Therigatha;
мөн Ватаяаас Патимокка. (Энэ нь Типитака-гийн буддавакana хэсгийг 40 ширхэгээс 30 орчим болгоно)

2.
Дээр дурдсан бүхэн, Khuddaka Nikaya-ийн бусад ном, бусад Vinai номууд,
дээр нь Абхидхамма гэхээс гадна Буддагийн дагалдагчдын бичсэнээр
тэдгээрийг харж болно.
Canon-д багтдаг боловч Буддизмын анхных нь биш байж болох юм.

Шинжлэх
ухааны эрдэмтэн Ахаха Судато, Ачах Брахмали нар Буддын эртний судруудын
бичсэн номыг бичсэн бөгөөд тэд эхний 4 Никая болон зарим Хаддака Никаяа
буддава гэж бичигдсэн байдаг.

Эх сурвалж: Бурханы шашин
Лавлагаа

Бурханы шашны номнуудын бүрэн жагсаалт - Тайлбарласан. Дэвид Н.Снайдер, Доктор, 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Бурханы шашны хэвлэн нийтлэлийн нийгэмлэг, Буддын ном хэвлэлийг 2014 онд баталсан.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
Пали Канадын он дарааллын 1-10-р эрт эхээр - Dhamma Wiki
Буддын
Энэтхэгийн Томас Уильям Рис Дэвид (188-р хуудас) нь Бурхан багшийн үеэс
Ашока хот хүртэлх буддын ном судруудын он цагийн дарааллыг өгчээ.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phjaV3pAcek
Filial piety of twenty-one Dari Ekh (bodhisattva) - (Mongolian Buddha Song)
Speed of Light
Published on Oct 27, 2015
Category
Music




youtube.com


Filial piety of twenty-one Dari Ekh (bodhisattva) - (Mongolian Buddha Song)

68) Classical Mongolian
68) Сонгодог монгол хэл

2650 Өнгөрсөн 13-р сар LESSON

Одоо

Аналитик
Insight Net - Онлайн Татварын Товчоо ба Практикийн Их Сургууль ба
холбогдох МЭДЭЭЛЭЛ http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org хаягаар 105 CLASSICAL
LANGUAGES

Паṭисамбхада
Жаяа-Абаддха Парипванти Тутсүхака Анушана Парикаяа Никилавъямалала ва
ѐнтуша Паватти Нисяяа http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Сүнтхарянятта Бхакса

Онлайн Мэдээ суваг
3000 гаруй И-мэйлээр үйлчлэх:
200 WhatsApp, Facebook болон Twitter.

https://dammammiki.com/index.php/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of_Pali_Canon

https://dhammawiki.com/…/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of…
Пали Канонын дараалал

Буддын
Энэтхэгийн Томас Уильям Рис Дэвид (188-р хуудас) нь Бурхан багшийн үеэс
Ашока хот хүртэлх буддын ном судруудын он цагийн дарааллыг өгчээ.

1. Одоогийн Буддын шашны сургаалын энгийн өгүүлбэрүүд нь ижил төстэй үгс, бүх номонд гарч буй догол мөр эсвэл шүлэгт байдаг.

2. Хичээлийн хоёр буюу түүнээс олон номнууд ижил төстэй үг олдсон.

3. Силас, Паранаа, аравдугаар сар, Патимокка.

4. Дилаа, Мажжима, Анутара, Самуата Никая нар.

5. Сатта Нипата, Тера, Тери Гатас, Уданас, Хаддака Пата нар.

6. Сатта Вибхана, мөн Хандарка.

7. Жатакас ба Дэммамбадууд.

8. Ниддеша, Йитттхакка ба Патисамббида нар.

9. Газрын зураг, Вимана-Ваттус, Ападана, Кэрия-Питака, Буддавама нар.

10. Абидраммын номууд; Хамгийн сүүлийн нь Ката-Ватту, хамгийн эртний нь Puggala-Pannatti юм.

Жишээ
нь, нэгээс тав хүртэлх тооны дээд талд буюу дээд талд байрласан тэдгээр
хүмүүс бол хамгийн эртний, хамгийн эртний эх бичвэрүүд бөгөөд Буддын
жинхэнэ үгс, хамгийн үнэн үг байж магадгүй юм.
Сүүлд
бичсэн текстүүд, тайлбарууд болон Вишүддхрэнга нь сонгодог Теравадагаас
маш их үнэлэгддэг бол орчин үеийн Теравада нь Буддагийн эртний сургаал
дээр төвлөрдөг.
Орчин үеийн Теравада

Гол өгүүлэл: Орчин үеийн Теравада

Бхавхи
Бххи, Дмамамдддхо Тха болон бусад шавь нар нь эргэлзээтэй байдаг. Орчин
үеийн эрдэмтдийн адил хожмын бичгүүдийн тухай, Буддавакана (Буддагийн
яг тодорхой үгс) гэх мэтээр эргэлздэг.
Орчин үеийн Теравадинууд бага зэрэг янз бүрийн санал бодолтой байж магадгүй ч дараах зүйлсийн аль нэгийг нь авч болно:

1.
Эхний дөрвөн Никая нь бүхэлдээ Буддавакана бөгөөд Хаддака Назаяагийн
дараахь номуудыг багтаасан: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata,
Theragatha, Therigatha;
мөн Ватаяаас Патимокка. (Энэ нь Типитака-гийн буддавакana хэсгийг 40 ширхэгээс 30 орчим болгоно)

2.
Дээр дурдсан бүхэн, Khuddaka Nikaya-ийн бусад ном, бусад Vinai номууд,
дээр нь Абхидхамма гэхээс гадна Буддагийн дагалдагчдын бичсэнээр
тэдгээрийг харж болно.
Canon-д багтдаг боловч Буддизмын анхных нь биш байж болох юм.

Шинжлэх
ухааны эрдэмтэн Ахаха Судато, Ачах Брахмали нар Буддын эртний судруудын
бичсэн номыг бичсэн бөгөөд тэд эхний 4 Никая болон зарим Хаддака Никаяа
буддава гэж бичигдсэн байдаг.

Эх сурвалж: Бурханы шашин
Лавлагаа

Бурханы шашны номнуудын бүрэн жагсаалт - Тайлбарласан. Дэвид Н.Снайдер, Доктор, 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Бурханы шашны хэвлэн нийтлэлийн нийгэмлэг, Буддын ном хэвлэлийг 2014 онд баталсан.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
Пали Канадын он дарааллын 1-10-р эрт эхээр - Dhamma Wiki
Буддын
Энэтхэгийн Томас Уильям Рис Дэвид (188-р хуудас) нь Бурхан багшийн үеэс
Ашока хот хүртэлх буддын ном судруудын он цагийн дарааллыг өгчээ.



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phjaV3pAcek
Filial piety of twenty-one Dari Ekh (bodhisattva) - (Mongolian Buddha Song)
Speed of Light
Published on Oct 27, 2015
Category
Music


youtube.com

https://publicdomainreview.org/2016/09/21/out-of-their-love-they-made-it-a-visual-history-of-buraq/
The Public Domain Review

shop


Essays

Out of Their Love They Made It: A Visual History of Buraq

Although mentioned only briefly in the Qur’an, the story of
the Prophet Muhammad’s night journey to heaven astride a winged horse
called Buraq has long caught the imagination of artists. Yasmine Seale
charts the many representations of this enigmatic steed, from early
Islamic scripture to contemporary Delhi, and explores what such a figure
can tell us about the nature of belief.


Illustration of Buraq from Yusuf and Zulaykha, a 19th-century Judeo-Persian manuscript held at The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary, MS 1534 — Source.



Oh this is the creature that never was.
They didn’t know it, still they dared
to love its stride, its bearing and its breast,
clean to the calm light of its eyes.

It was not. Out of their love they made it,
this pure creature . . .

Rainer Maria Rilke,
from Sonnets to Orpheus


You came here
because you were told to, and because here is where wonderful things are
known to happen at night. You comb the streets, the tangle of
unfamiliar smells — poultry, muskmelon, marigold — until you reach the
pockmarked, once-red wall of the Ship Palace. There’s a sad sort of
majesty to the place, but you’re not here for the beauty of ruins.
You’re here for the hauz, the tank, its fabled waters now
scummed over with algae and detritus. In your hand there is a pamphlet,
saffron yellow and Hindi scrawl, with a telephone number and an
instruction: to call between 6 and 8 p.m., to speak long and loud, to
say hello.


You say hello and for a moment the horse flickers into life, its
incandescent frame reflected in the water. A crowd has bloomed around
the tank. Children sing into receivers: “hello” becomes a ten-syllable
word. Soon the line is swamped as callers compete for the creature’s
fitful attention. Not quite the miracle you had in mind, this rickety
chimera — part neon piñata, part show pony, plus wings — assembled at
the local metalworks and lit up by Chinese-made LEDs. Still, it is a
thing of wonder: a winged horse rests on the surface of a lake and human
voices make it glow.


.

Screenshots from a film by Vishal Rawlley showing interaction with his installation Say Hello to the Hauz (2010) — Source.

Say Hello to the Hauz
(2010), the brainchild of designer and filmmaker Vishal Rawlley, was an
attempt to revive the long-neglected water reservoir in Mehrauli, one
of the seven ancient cities that make up the state of Delhi. Drawing on
the story of the Prophet Muhammad’s ascent to heaven astride a winged
horse called Buraq, Rawlley designed a sculpture of the creature, fitted
it with a phone line and a constellation of fairy lights, and left it
to bob in the middle of the tank. People could dial in and speak; their
voices would trigger the phantasmagoria. In the night footage preserved
online, Buraq’s skeleton flashes on and off to the babble of unseen
voices. The gasps are subtitled, the curiosity palpable. What to an
outsider may have seemed an alien landing was really the portal to a
mythic past: the horse had a history here.


The hauz was built in the thirteenth century after an early
“slave sultan” of Delhi, Shamsuddin Iltutmish, dreamed he was visited by
the Prophet Muhammad astride his winged steed. In the dream, the
Prophet directed the king to a fountainhead that sprang where Buraq
struck the ground with her hoof. On waking, the story goes, Iltutmish
hurried to the site where he discovered the mark of a hoof imprinted on
the earth. Dreams were an important part of the apparatus of medieval
kingship; auspicious visions could steady a shaky crown. More, a widely
circulated hadith declared that seeing the Prophet in a dream was equal
to seeing him physically. To dream of the Prophet, then — in other
words, to be considered a direct witness to his words and deeds, which
together form the basis of Islamic law — was to be in a very privileged
position indeed, and Iltutmish acknowledged the honour with due piety:
he built a water tank, the Hauz-i-Shamsi, to mark the hallowed spot. For
centuries the tank remained a site of local devotion. Magical
properties were ascribed to its waters, and the great fourteenth-century
traveller Ibn Battuta described how small boats ferried pilgrims to the
red sandstone pavilion at its centre.


The story of the reservoir and its otherworldly aura echoes another
origin myth: that of the Hippocrene, or Horse Fountain, which sprang
from the hoof-scuff of Pegasus and is remembered in Greek mythology as a
fount of poetic inspiration. Unlike Pegasus, however, who emerged fully
formed from the blood of Medusa, Buraq’s conception was gradual, her
evolution more peculiar and circuitous. She crops up on Persian
miniatures and Pakistani trucks, Zanzibari ephemera and Libyan
airplanes, Senegalese glass paintings and Indian matchboxes. Yet despite
her many incarnations, or perhaps because of them, her essence remains
elusive. There is no original, no definitive Buraq, but rather an unruly
palimpsest of jumbled creeds, kitsch, and sheer artistic caprice.


Buraq with Taj Mahal, poster bought in Delhi. Sandria Freitag personal collection.

Leather shadow puppet with coloured pigments of a human-headed winged horse, most likely Buraq, from Istanbul, 1970s — Source.

The Buraq Worshipped by Two Princes, from Kashmir region, 19th century — Source.

The bare bones of Buraq look like this. From the Arabic root b-r-q,
which means to shine or sparkle, her name evokes the lightning speed
with which she carried the Prophet from Mecca to Jerusalem and thereon
to heaven, an episode known as the mi‘raj, or “ascension”. The
Qur’an alludes to this journey — in two cryptic verses that lend a whole
chapter (“The Night Journey”) its title — but makes no mention of the
vehicle. Because Buraq is absent from scripture, theologians give her
short shrift, confining her to fly-by-night cameo roles: she first
appears in the eighth century, in the earliest extant biography of the
Prophet, as a “winged beast, white in colour, smaller than a mule and
larger than an ass”. Buraq is a creature not of scripture but of lore,
and in these early writings she is still a vague, unfinished thing,
uncertain of shape, let alone sex. She will take centuries to evolve a
human face: some five hundred years passed before the historian
al-Tha‘labi wrote that Buraq “had a cheek like the cheek of a human
being”, a not-quite metaphor that launched her never quite completed
metamorphosis.


Detail from the 17th-century Persian manuscript Mi’rajnamahSource.

The Fabulous Creature Buraq, from Deccan, India, ca. 1660–80
Source.

The literature on Muhammad’s ascension to heaven grew to be enormous,
but only after it slipped its scriptural moorings and slid out into
poetry and folklore. Every life of the Prophet had a chapter on the
subject, and scholars and mystics endlessly pondered its meaning. The
story was deployed and reinterpreted among Islam’s subcultures, and also
among its foes: there are versions in Malay, Uzbek, and Old French, in
Buginese and Castilian, and a beautifully illuminated version in
Chaghatay, a form of Middle Turkish named after Genghis Khan’s second
son. Like Buraq herself, the story has never settled into a final form;
it alters every time it is told. In some accounts, the duo do not stop
at Jerusalem but venture through the seven heavens where, at the climax
of their journey, the Prophet comes face to face with God. There he
might meet a celestial rooster, or a polycephalous angel, and sometimes
he pays a visit to his mother and father in hell. In others, the Prophet
ascends to heaven by means of a glittering ladder, having fastened
Buraq to a wall at the foot of the Temple Mount. (To this day the spot
is known as the Buraq Wall to Muslims and the Western or Wailing Wall to
Jews.)


Buraq was not born a woman, she became one — but when this happened
is unclear. At some point an anonymous genius gave her a lustrous mane
and a jeweled throat, and artists have never looked back. In her many
guises classical and modern, Buraq is squarely female, adorned now with a
peacock tail, now with a leopard-print coat, almost always with a
gem-encrusted crown and brightly coloured wings. She grew into a staple
of Muslim visual art, seizing the collective imagination until writers
too followed suit. By the sixteenth century, the Persian historian
Khwandamir could write that Buraq had



a face like that of a human and ears like those of an
elephant; its mane was like the mane of a horse; its neck and tail like
those of a camel; its breast like the breast of a mule; its feet like
the feet of an ox. Its breast looked just like a ruby and its hair
resembled white armor, shining brightly by reason of its exceeding
purity.


The Persian language has no gender, obliging writers like Khwandamir
to continue to describe Buraq in neuter terms even as she gained in
feminine lustre and finery. It is perhaps no coincidence that Buraq is
most spectacularly beautified in works by Persian miniaturists, as if
these artists were giving excessively lavish expression to a femininity
their language would not allow them to convey in words — as if the
sexual restraint (the “greyness”) imposed by one medium made for an
aesthetic of sexual maximalism in another.


Illustration from 1543 of the mi’raj probably created by the Persian court painter Sultan Muhammad, and used to illustrate the Khamseh by Nezami — Source.

Detail of Buraq from an illustrated manuscript, ca. 1525–35,
from present-day Uzbekistan and Afghanistan, probably Bukhara and Herat — Source.

If Buraq’s early, skeletal form most recalled Pegasus, the sexless
winged horse of classical antiquity, her new embellishments brought her
closer to those other feminized hybrids, Sphinx and Chimera. Gustave
Flaubert summed up the appeal of such composite, yet distinctly female
creatures: “Who has not found the Chimera charming; who has not loved
her lion’s snout, her rustling eagle’s wings, and her green-glinting
rump?” In taking on the allure of these figures, however, Buraq also
acquired a troubling ambiguity. After all, unlike those other mythical
beings, Buraq is a devotional object, theologically more akin to an
archangel than to a many-headed beast of prey. She is, existentially,
inseparable from Muhammad — she exists only to carry him on his journey —
making her feminized appearance all the more startling. Visually, they
evolve in opposite directions: the more Buraq gains in baroque
adornment, the more the figure of Muhammad seems to retreat into
allegory. As her body comes to the fore, his grows austere and
immaterial.


Bodies are everywhere in this story, and they are awkward. The
friction between the historical Prophet and his fantastical mount,
between the sacred and the physical, reflects a similar divide within
Buraq herself: she has been perceived both as a dream-horse — mythical,
sexless, emblematic — and as a creature of flesh. And Buraq as animal,
especially in her more sexualised incarnations, in turn raises thorny
questions about the body of the Prophet himself. Artists generally
elided this problem, or creatively eluded it; early images of the
Prophet tend to show him with a veil, and more recently his body has
been symbolized by a white cloud, a rose or a flame.


Depiction
of Buraq, with the Prophet Muhammad represented by stylised flames,
from an 18th-century Ottoman manuscript, AD 1717 — Source.

Did the Prophet ascend to heaven in body or only in spirit? For all
those who grappled with the meaning of the night journey, this was a
central question. One solution was to skirt the problem of bodies
altogether. The Persian polymath Avicenna thought the mi‘raj a
purely internal, intellectual journey; less concerned with Muhammad’s
ascent than with the potential elevation of anyone engaged in abstract
thought, he used the story’s currency as a folk narrative to coax a
largely uninitiated community into the pursuit of philosophy. For
Avicenna, the ascension tale was a useful means of dispelling anxieties
about foreign intellectual traditions: by presenting these questions in
terms familiar to his Muslim audience — and by reframing the Prophet’s
ascension as a spiritual journey one should try to emulate — he showed
that the study of philosophy was not only compatible with traditional
Islamic teachings, but central to the task of the pious believer.


This sounds all very well and rational, but if bodies are erased from
the story — if the night journey was merely a voyage of the mind, a
static reverie — what is to be done with Buraq, who is pure colour and
pure form, who stands for nothing beyond her exuberant self? Avicenna
doesn’t say. The reality of the prophet’s flight is dismissed in a line
(“It is known that he did not go in the body, because the body cannot
traverse a long distance in one moment”), but winged horses are not so
easily idealised. Buraq is unavoidably, infectiously physical. Astride
her back, the Prophet is wrenched out of abstraction, trapped and
tangled up in the body of the beast as Leda by the swan in Yeats’ poem:
“and how can body, laid in that white rush / But feel the strange heart
beating where it lies?”


Page from 16th-century Ottoman ruler Murad III’s commissioned copy of Siyer-i Nebi, the Turkish epic about the life of the Prophet – Source.

Others felt it too. The Ottoman poet Veysi was obsessed with the
physical character of the night journey, which he held to be the salient
event in Muhammad’s biography; his contribution to the genre was
accordingly titled The Life of the One Who Ascended. Veysi’s most famous work, the Habname
or Book of Dreams, takes the form of a dream conversation between
Sultan Ahmed I and Alexander the Great, and suggests a belief in the
essential fluidity between the world of dreams and real life. A similar
fluidity pervades Veysi’s account of the night journey, which stresses
the physical reality of the ascension and of the transcendental world to
which the Prophet traveled. Central to his argument are detailed
descriptions of Buraq and of the Lote Tree of the Limit, which marks the
edge of heaven and the boundary beyond which nothing can pass. The tree
has an infinite number of branches, each with an infinite number of
leaves, and on each leaf sits a huge angel carrying a staff of light. A
Sufi text calls it “a tree without description”, which grew from “an
unimaginable ocean of musk”. What sorts of things are these that are
rendered in exquisite detail yet remain “without description”, both
sensually evoked and still “unimaginable”? The clue to Buraq’s nature,
perhaps, lies in this paradox.


That Avicenna and Veysi represent seemingly irreconcilable views —
that Buraq can be considered both pure abstraction and pure physicality —
is hardly surprising; it is in her nature to divide. In its earliest
versions the ascension story functioned as a kind of shibboleth: those
who believed in Muhammad’s heavenly ascension were regarded as having
accepted his prophetic mission, whereas those who did not were deemed to
have rejected Islam itself. This problem of belief was recently revived
in a debate archived on YouTube under the title “Richard Dawkins versus
Muhammad’s Buraq horse”. The Oxford Union had invited Dawkins, the
evolutionary biologist, to share the stage with the journalist Mehdi
Hasan — Science v. Religion, firebrand against firebrand. At one point
in the video, Dawkins exclaims twice in disbelief: “You believe Muhammad
flew to heaven on a winged horse!” The crowd jeers, Hasan flounders,
and the debate grinds to a deadlock. The mere mention of Buraq — her
quaintness, her garish absurdity — was apparently enough to clinch the
argument, exposing Hasan the “believer” as irretrievably backward,
painfully naive, or a fraud.


The debate made for uncomfortable viewing. It seemed odd that among
all the mystery of religious lore, the night journey — and its
sensational metonym, the winged horse — should be singled out for
special treatment in this way. Buraq, true to her name, seems to have
become a lightning rod in the atheist crusade, a byword for the
irrationality of Islam and religion in general. Yet by posing the
question restrictively in terms of “belief”, both speakers ignored the
many ways in which believers and non-believers might engage with an
object like Buraq (in the literal sense of object, “a thing presented to
the mind”), not simply as an article of faith but as metaphor, myth,
paradox, emblem, or visual trope.


Maometto portato in cielo [Muhammad taken to heaven], Italian engraving by Migliavacca, ca. 1823–38 — Source.

Buraq is a product of miscegenation. First found in the nineteenth
century BC, the motif of winged horses was picked up by the Assyrians,
made its way through Greece and Asia Minor, and eventually became
ubiquitous in Eurasia: Etruscans, Persians, Celts, Finns, Koreans,
Bengalis, and Tatars all boast some version of the myth. Often these
horses are able to travel at supernatural speed; they sometimes have a
human head; and they can also be linked to storms and lightning. So it
turns out that Buraq, far from being the risible cultural aberration
deplored by Dawkins, is actually a version of one of the oldest and most
widespread myths in our history, her shimmering body a receptacle for
the many myths, metaphors, and moral concerns that Islam inherited.


The world was a combination of real and mythological objects until
somewhat recently; a clear distinction could hardly be made before the
onset of modern comparative biology. And yet science has not abolished
the interstitial zone which a figure like Buraq inhabits: we need such
liminal objects to connect seemingly divergent realms of empirical and
spiritual experience. Her presence in contemporary culture acts as a
bridge between knowledge and belief, between rationalist taxonomies of
the world and the vestigial power of myth. This idea finds its most
forceful and literal expression in the Islamic transport industry, where
the figure of Buraq, usefully combining piety and speed, recurs as a
kind of patron saint. She gives her name to airlines from Libya to
Indonesia, to bus companies, freight ships and motorcycle-taxis, to a
space camp, to an engineering college, and to Pakistan’s first drone.
The fluidity of Buraq as an aesthetic and linguistic object perhaps
explain her pliability in being put to commercial use: she presides not
just over wings and wheels but is also used to sell plastic and PVC,
heavy metal and heavy-duty diesel (BURAQ LUBRICANTS), Indian food, and
surgical instruments.


The longer you study her, the deeper you dig, the more elusive
Buraq’s identity becomes. In a luminous essay, “The Chimera Herself”,
Ginevra Bompiani parses the symbolic implications of these composite
creatures. The many-headed Chimera exemplifies the arbitrary union of
countless experiences — she is the synthesis of disparate things. “She
who, in myths, was purely a fiery apparition, without a voice or a
history, was to become, in the early days of modern philosophy, the ens rationis,
the creature of language, the metaphor of metaphor”. As a hybrid, Buraq
does what metaphors do: she makes the impossible visible. “Achilles is a
lion” is literally false; you cannot figure it, yet there it is on the
page. In the basic metaphorical statement, “A is B”, Buraq plays the
same role as the copula (the “is”), brazenly flouting the law of
non-contradiction, mixing that which should not be mixed. “Since she
does not exist”, Bompiani writes, “the question arises as to what
Chimera is“. That depends, some might say, on what the meaning of the word is is.



Yasmine Seale is a writer and translator. She is reading for a PhD on Ottoman attitudes to antiquity at St John’s College, Oxford.

69) Classical Myanmar (Burmese)
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2650 Wed 13 Jun ကသင်ခန်းစာ

ယခု

105
Classic ဘာသာစကားများအတွက် http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
မှတဆင့်အခမဲ့အွန်လိုင်းTipiṭakaသုတေသနနှင့်လေ့ကျင့်တက္ကသိုလ်နှင့်ဆက်စပ်သတင်းများ
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အစောပိုင်းပါဠိကို Canon ၏မကြာသေးခင်ကမှတ်တမ်းမှ 1-10

မိမိအဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာအိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံတွင်သောမတ်စ်ဝီလျံ
Rhys Davids (။ p 188) မှာအောက်ပါအတိုင်းဖြစ်သည့် Ashoka
၏အချိန်မှဗုဒ္ဓ၏အချိန်ကနေဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာစာပေ၏အချိန်နဲ့တပြေးညီစားပွဲပေါ်မှာအားပေးတော်မူပြီ:

1.
ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာအယူဝါဒ၏ရိုးရှင်းထုတ်ပြန်ချက်များယခုတူညီစကား,
အပိုဒ်တွင်သို့မဟုတ်အပေါငျးတို့သစာအုပ်တွေထဲမှာထပ်တလဲလဲကျမ်းပိုဒ်,
တွေ့ရှိခဲ့ပါတယ်။

2. ဇာတ်လမ်းတွဲများလက်ရှိစာအုပ်နှစ်ခုသို့မဟုတ်နှစ်ခုထက်ပိုသောအတွက်တူညီစကား, တွေ့ရှိခဲ့ပါတယ်။

3. သိလတို့သည် Parayana, အ Octades, အ Patimokkha ။

4. Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara နှင့် Samyutta Nikayas ။

5. အဆိုပါသုတ် Nipata, ထိုမထေရ်နှင့် Theri Gathas, အ Udanas, နှင့် Khuddaka-Patha ။

6. သုတ် Vibhanga နှင့် Khandhkas ။

7. အဆိုပါ Jatakas နှင့်တရား။

8. အဆိုပါ Niddesa, အ Itivuttakas နှင့် Patisambbhida ။

9 PETA နှင့် Vimana-Vatthus, အ Apadana, အ Cariya-Pitaka, နှင့် Buddhavamsa ။

10. ထိုအဘိဓမ္မာစာအုပ်တွေ; အရာ၏နောက်ဆုံးယင်းကတ်-Vatthu နှင့်အစောဆုံးဖြစ်နိုင် Puggala-Pannatti ဖြစ်ပါတယ်။

ထိုကဲ့သို့သောမှငါးဂဏန်းတစ်ဦးအဖြစ်ထိပ်မှာသို့မဟုတ်ထိပ်အနီးစာရင်းဝင်သောသူတို့ကို,
အစောဆုံး,
အသက်အကြီးဆုံးစာသားများနှင့်စစ်မှန်ဖြစ်အရှိဆုံးဖွယ်ရှိနှင့်ဗုဒ္ဓ၏အအတိအကျစကားလုံးများကိုထည့်သွင်းစဉ်းစားနေကြသည်။
ခေတ်သစ်ထေရဝါဒဗုဒ္ဓ၏အစောဆုံးသွန်သင်ချက်အပေါ်အလေးပေး,
သော်လည်းနောက်ပိုင်းစာသားများနှင့်မှတ်ချက်အများနှင့် Visuddhimagga,
Classical ထေရဝါဒနေဖြင့်အလွန်မြင့်မားတန်ဖိုးထားအတွက်ကျင်းပကြသည်။
ခေတ်သစ်ထေရဝါဒ

ပင်မဆောင်းပါး: ခေတ်သစ်ထေရဝါဒ

နောက်ပိုင်းစာသားများနှင့်
ပတ်သက်. သူတို့ Buddhavacana (ဗုဒ္ဓအတိအကျစကားလုံးများကို)
သို့မဟုတ်မဟုတ်ကြလျှင်ခေတ်သစ်ပညာရှင်များပြောသကဲ့သို့ရဟန်းသည်ဗောဓိ,
Dhammavuddho မထေရ်နှင့်အခြားသူများ, သူတို့ရဲ့သံသယရှိသည်။
ခေတ်သစ် Theravadins ဖြစ်ကောင်းထင်မြင်ယူဆ၏အနည်းငယ်အမျိုးမျိုးကိုင်ထားပေမယ့်ဖြစ်ကောင်းအောက်ပါများထဲမှယူ:

1.
သူတို့ရဲ့တခုလုံးကိုပထမဦးဆုံးအလေး Nikayas Buddhavacana ဖြစ်ကြသည်ပေါင်း
Khuddaka Nikaya မှအောက်ပါစာအုပ်များကို: တရား, Udana, Itivuttaka, သုတ်
Nipata, Theragatha နှင့် Therigatha;
နှင့်ဝိနည်းထံမှ Patimokkha ။ (ဒါကဆဲ Tipitaka ၏ Buddhavacana သောအဘို့ကိုအကြမ်းအားဖြင့် 30 ကျော် 40 volumes ကိုထဲကလုပ်လိမ့်မယ်။ )

2.
အထက်ပါအားလုံး, ပေါင်း Khuddaka Nikaya ၏အခြားစာအုပ်များ,
ပေါင်းသည်အခြားဝိနည်းစာအုပ်များ,
ပေါင်းအဘိဓမ္မာပေမယ့်ဗုဒ္ဓအကြာတွင်တပည့်ကရေးသားအဖြစ်သူတို့ကိုမြင်,
ရဟန္တာဖြစ်နှင့်ဖြစ်ဤသို့ဆဲခံထိုက်ကြပေမည်သူကို
မူရင်းဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာမဟုတ်ဖွယ်ရှိအစိတ်အပိုင်းတစ်ခုဖြစ်သော်လည်းကို Canon အတွက်ပါဝင်သည်။

အဆိုပါပညာရှင်
Ajahn Sujato နှင့် Ajahn Brahmali စာအုပ်အစောပိုင်းဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာစာသားရဲ့
Authenticity
ရေးထားပြီသူတို့အထက်အရေအတွက်ကတဦးတည်းနှင့်အတူသဘောတူညီချက်၌ရှိကြ၏,
ပထမဦးဆုံး 4 Nikayas နှင့် Buddhavacana အဖြစ် Khuddaka Nikaya
အချို့ပါဝင်သည်ဟုရဟန်းသံဃာ။

ကိုလည်းကြည့်ပါ: မူရင်းဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ
ကိုးကား

ဗုဒ္ဓရဲ့စာရင်း၏အပြီးအစီးစာအုပ် - ရှင်းလင်းချက်။ ဒါဝိဒ်သည် N. Snyder, Ph.D ဘွဲ့ကို, 2006 ။
http://www.thedhamma.com/
အစောပိုင်းဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာကျမ်းစာသို့ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာပြည်သူများလူ့အဖွဲ့အစည်းရဲ့စစ်မှန်မှုကို, 2014 ။
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
ဓမ္မဝီကီ - အစောပိုင်းပါဠိကို Canon ၏မကြာသေးခင်ကမှတ်တမ်းမှ 1-10
မိမိအဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာအိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံတွင်သောမတ်စ်ဝီလျံ
Rhys Davids (။ p 188) မှာအောက်ပါအတိုင်းဖြစ်သည့် Ashoka
၏အချိန်မှဗုဒ္ဓ၏အချိန်ကနေဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာစာပေ၏အချိန်နဲ့တပြေးညီစားပွဲပေါ်မှာအားပေးတော်မူပြီ:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8uRJWMaPnk


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N8uRJWMaPnk

Pathana Pali Chant ပ႒ာန္းပါဠိေတာ္
ဖိုး ေဂၚရခါး
Published on Mar 20, 2012
Payategyi,Pathan pali chant and Metta Bhawana,Buddha Ane kazar in Myanmar by Mahar Kan Pat
Lae Sayadaw U Nanda Mitzutar
Category
Nonprofits & Activism


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Payategyi,Pathan pali chant and Metta Bhawana,Buddha Ane kazar in Myanmar by Mahar Kan Pat Lae Sayadaw U Nanda Mitzutar

https://www.pariyatti.org/P%C4%81li

Pāli

Twenty-five centuries ago Pāli was the main language spoken in
northern India, the dialect in which the Buddha taught, and the language
the teachings are written in the Tipiṭaka. Pariyatti’s aim is to
provide greater access to the words of the Buddha, which will enable a
deeper understanding of the Buddha’s teaching, the Dhamma. Find
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Tipiṭaka

The teachings of the Buddha are preserved in the Pāli Canon, an
extensive, detailed, systematic and analytical record. Twenty-five
centuries ago Pāli was the lingua franca of northern India, the
dialect in which the Buddha taught. Just as Sanskrit is the canonical
language of Hinduism and Latin the canonical language of Catholicism,
Pāli is the classical language in which the teachings of the Buddha have
been preserved. The Pāli sources are the Tipiṭaka (the Pali Canon); the
sub-commentaries, called the Aṭṭhakathā, Tikā and others such as Anu-tikā, Madhu-tikā, etc.


Pāli Books










Pali Canon Image


Pāli Canon


The Pāli sources are the Tipiṭaka (the Pali Canon); the
sub-commentaries, called the Aṭṭhakathā, Tikā and others such as
Anu-tikā, Madhu-tikā, etc.



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70) Classical Nepali

70) शास्त्रीय नेपाली

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अहिले

विश्लेषणात्मक
इन्साइट नेट - नि: शुल्क अनलाइन टिपीटाक रिसर्च एण्ड प्रविधि
विश्वविद्यालय र 105 क्लासिकल भाषाहरूमा http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
मार्फत सम्बन्धित समाचार

Paṭisambhidā
Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca Paricaya Nikhilavijjālaya
ca ñātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsa

एक अनलाइन समाचार च्यानल हो
3000 देखि अधिक इमेल को लागि खानपान:
200 व्हाट्सएप, फेसबुक र ट्विटर।

https://dhammawiki.com/index.php/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of_Pali_Canon

https://dhammawiki.com/…/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of…
1-10 पहिले पाली क्यानन को क्रान्तिको शुरुवात

उनको
बौद्ध भारत (पृष्ठ 188) मा थमस विलियम राइज डेविडले बुद्ध साहित्यको बौद्ध
साहित्यको तालिकालाई बुद्धको समयमा अशोकको रूपमा दिएका छन्:

1. बौद्ध शिक्षा को सरल बयान अब, सबै शब्दहरु मा पुनरावृत्ति अनुच्छेद या पदहरुमा समान शब्दहरु मा पाइन्छ।

2. एपिसोडहरू भेटिए, समान शब्दहरूमा, अवस्थित पुस्तकहरूको दुई वा बढीमा।

3. सिलास, पराना, अक्टोड्स, पटिमोकखा।

4. दघा, मझ्हामा, अंगुरा, र सम्योटा नाकाया।

5. सता निपता, थरा र थरी गठना, उदय, र खुड्का पथ।

6. सुता विभभाङ, र खांधका।

7. जटाकस र ढम्मापाडा।

8. निडिसा, इटवाट्टास र पितिसबबहिडा।

9। पिटा र भिमा-वाटथस, अपडेना, कार्या-पिटाका, र बौद्धामा।

10. अभिषेक पुस्तकहरू; जसको अन्तिम भाग कथ-वाटौू हो, र सबैभन्दा पहिले सम्भवतः पगगला-प्याननाटी।

माथिल्लो
सूचीमा माथि वा माथिको माथिल्लो सूची, जस्तै अंकहरू एक देखि पाँच, ती सबै
भन्दा पुरानो, पुरानो ग्रंथहरू र ती सबै प्रमाणहरू र बुद्धका सही शब्दहरू
मानिन्छ।
पछिका
ग्रंथहरू र टिप्पणीहरू र भद्देश्यगागाहरू शास्त्रीय थेरेराडाले धेरै उच्च
सम्मानमा राख्छन्, जबकि आधुनिक थेरैडाडा बुद्धका सबैभन्दा प्रारम्भिक
शिक्षाहरूमा ध्यान दिन्छन्।
आधुनिक थेरेवाडा

मुख्य लेख: आधुनिक थेरेवडा

Bhikkhu
Bodhi, धम्मवौधो थरा र अरूसँग उनीहरूको संदेह छ, पछिका ग्रंथहरू जस्तै
पछिल्ला ग्रन्थहरू र यदि तिनीहरू बौद्धाण्य हुन् (बुद्धको सही शब्द) वा
होइन।
आधुनिक थियेडेनियन्सले विभिन्न प्रकारको प्रतिक्रियाहरू राखेका छन् तर शायद निम्न मध्ये एक लिन्छन्:

1.
पहिलो सम्पूर्ण नेकाहरू बौद्धका हुन्, साथै खाडाका निकयाका निम्न
पुस्तकहरू: ढम्मपाडा, उडाना, इटिभटक, सुत्ता निपाता, थेरेगाथा र थरिगुता;
र विनाया देखि पतमोकखा। (त्यो अझै पनि Tipitaka को बौवाकाना भाग लगभग 40 मात्रा मध्ये लगभग 30 हुनेछ।)

2.
माथिको सबै, प्लस खड्का निक्याका अन्य पुस्तकहरू, साथै अन्य विनाया
पुस्तकहरू, साथै अभहिम्मा, तर उनीहरूलाई बुद्धका पछिल्ला चेलाहरू द्वारा
लिखित रूपमा हेर्नुहोस्, जसले आह्वान गरेका थिए र यसरी, अझै पनि योग्य हुन
सक्दछ।
कैननमा समावेश, यद्यपि सम्भावना नभएको बौद्ध धर्मको अंश।

विद्वान
भिक्षु अजहान सुजुतो र अजह ​​ब्रह्मलीले प्रारम्भिक बौद्ध ग्रंथहरूको
प्रमाण पत्र लेखेका छन् र उनीहरूको संख्या एक माथिको सम्झौतामा रहेको छ,
पहिलो 4 नेक्य र केहि खाडाका नलिकालाई बौद्धाणा भनिन्छ।

यो पनि हेर्नुहोस: मूल बौद्धता
सन्दर्भहरू

बुद्धको सूचीहरूको पूर्ण पुस्तक - व्याख्या गरिएको। डेभीड एन। सिनेडर, पीएच.डी., 2006।
http://www.thedhamma.com/
प्रारम्भिक बौद्ध ग्रन्थहरूको बौद्धिकता बौद्ध प्रकाशन समाज, 2014।
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 को शुरुवात सम्म पली कैनन - धम्मा विकी को क्रान्ति
उनको
बौद्ध भारत (पृष्ठ 188) मा थमस विलियम राइज डेविडले बुद्ध साहित्यको बौद्ध
साहित्यको तालिकालाई बुद्धको समयमा अशोकको रूपमा दिएका छन्:

https://in.pinterest.com/pin/627126316835928400/

Foto animada

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIZv2D2ZjLY&list=RDRIZv2D2ZjLY&t=6


https://www.youtube.com/watch…
Jahan Chan Buddha Ka Ankhan (Nepali)
Ricky Shrestha
Published on Dec 6, 2007
Another favorite song..
Category
Entertainment


youtube.com
Another favorite song..
71) Classical Norwegian
71) Klassisk norsk

2650 ons 13 juni LESSON

Analytisk
Insight Net - GRATIS Online Tipiṭaka Research and Practice University
og relaterte NYHETER gjennom http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org i 105
KLASSISKE SPRÅK

Paṭisambhidā
Jāla-Abaddha Paripanti Tipiṭaka Anvesanā ca Parikaya Nikhilavijjālaya
ca ñātibhūta Pavatti Nissāya http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org anto 105
Seṭṭhaganthāyatta Bhāsā

er en online nyhetskanal
Catering til mer enn 3000 e-poster:
200 WhatsApp, Facebook og Twitter.

https://dhammawiki.com/index.php/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of_Pali_Canon

https://dhammawiki.com/…/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of…
1-10 tidlig til siste kronologi av Pali Canon

Thomas
William Rhys Davids i sitt buddhistiske India (s. 188) har gitt et
kronologisk bord av buddhistisk litteratur fra Buddha-tiden til Ashoka
som er som følger:

1. De enkle utsagnene om buddhistisk doktrin fant nå, i identiske ord, i avsnitt eller vers som er tilbake i alle bøkene.

2. Episoder funnet i identiske ord i to eller flere av de eksisterende bøkene.

3. Silas, Parayana, Octadene, Patimokkha.

4. Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara og Samyutta Nikayas.

5. Sutta Nipata, Thera og Theri Gathas, Udanas og Khuddaka Patha.

6. Sutta Vibhanga og Khandhkas.

7. Jatakas og Dhammapadas.

8. Niddesa, Itivuttakas og Patisambbhida.

9. Peta og Vimana-Vatthus, Apadana, Cariya-Pitaka og Buddhavamsa.

10. Abhidhamma bøkene; Den siste er Katha-Vatthu, og den tidligste sannsynligvis Puggala-Pannatti.

De
som er oppført øverst eller nær toppen, for eksempel tallene 1-5,
regnes som de tidligste, eldste teksten og mest sannsynlig å være
autentiske og Buddhas eksakte ord.
De
senere tekster og kommentarene og Visuddhimagga holdes i stor grad av
klassisk Theravada, mens den moderne Theravada fokuserer på Buddhas
tidligste lære.
Moderne Theravada

Hovedartikkel: Modern Theravada

Bhikkhu
Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera og andre har sine tvil, som moderne lærde om
senere tekster, og om de er Buddhavacana (eksakte Buddha-ord) eller
ikke.
Moderne Theravadins inneholder sannsynligvis et lite utvalg meninger, men sannsynligvis ta ett av følgende:

1.
De første fire Nikayaene i sin helhet er Buddhavacana, pluss følgende
bøker fra Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka, Sutta Nipata,
Theragatha og Therigatha;
og Patimokkha fra Vinaya. (Det vil fortsatt gjøre Buddhavacana-delen av Tipitaka omtrent 30 av 40 volumer.)

2.
Alt ovenfor, pluss de andre bøkene til Khuddaka Nikaya, pluss de andre
Vinaya-bøkene, pluss Abhidhamma, men se dem som skrevet av senere
Buddhas disipler, som kanskje har vært arahanter og dermed fortsatt
verdige til å være
inkludert i kanon, men ikke sannsynlig del av opprinnelig buddhisme.

De
lærde munkene Ajahn Sujato og Ajahn Brahmali har skrevet boken
Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts, og de er enige med nummer ett
over, bestående av de første 4 Nikayasene og noen av Khuddaka Nikaya som
Buddhavacana.

Se også: Original Buddhism
referanser

Den komplette boken av Buddhas lister - forklart. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
Autentisiteten til buddhistiske publikasjonssamfunnet for tidlig buddhistiske tekster, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 tidlig til siste kronologi av Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids i sitt buddhistiske India (s. 188) har gitt et
kronologisk bord av buddhistisk litteratur fra Buddha-tiden til Ashoka
som er som følger:

https://in.pinterest.com/pin/651473902320702806/
Buddha bhagwan

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4HnqxXKJvM
Pchum Ben Ceremony, Khmer Buddhist Center, NORWAY, 16-9-2017
Nokor K.
Published on Sep 29, 2017
Pchum Ben Ceremony, Khmer Buddhist Center, NORWAY, 16-9-2017
Category
News & Politics


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Pchum Ben Ceremony, Khmer Buddhist Center, NORWAY, 16-9-2017






Dove-02-june.gif (38556 bytes)






https://dhammawiki.com/…/1-10_early_to_recent_Chronology_of…
1-10 early to recent Chronology of Pali Canon

Thomas William Rhys Davids in his Buddhist India (p. 188) has given a
chronological table of Buddhist literature from the time of the Buddha
to the time of Ashoka which is as follows:

1. The simple statements of Buddhist doctrine now found, in identical
words, in paragraphs or verses recurring in all the books.

2. Episodes found, in identical words, in two or more of the existing books.

3. The Silas, the Parayana, the Octades, the Patimokkha.

4. The Digha, Majjhima, Anguttara, and Samyutta Nikayas.

5. The Sutta Nipata, the Thera and Theri Gathas, the Udanas, and the Khuddaka Patha.

6. The Sutta Vibhanga, and Khandhkas.

7. The Jatakas and the Dhammapadas.

8. The Niddesa, the Itivuttakas and the Patisambbhida.

9. The Peta and Vimana-Vatthus, the Apadana, the Cariya-Pitaka, and the Buddhavamsa.

10. The Abhidhamma books; the last of which is the Katha-Vatthu, and the earliest probably the Puggala-Pannatti.

Those listed at the top or near the top, such as numbers one to five,
are considered the earliest, oldest texts and the most likely to be
authentic and the exact words of the Buddha. The later texts and the
commentaries and the Visuddhimagga, are held in very high esteem by
Classical Theravada, whereas, the Modern Theravada focuses on the
earliest teachings of the Buddha.
Modern Theravada

Main article: Modern Theravada

Bhikkhu Bodhi, Dhammavuddho Thera and others have their doubts, as do
modern scholars about the later texts and if they are Buddhavacana
(exact words of Buddha) or not. Modern Theravadins probably hold a
slight variety of opinions but probably take one of the following:

1. The first four Nikayas in their entirety are Buddhavacana, plus the
following books from the Khuddaka Nikaya: Dhammapada, Udana, Itivuttaka,
Sutta Nipata, Theragatha, and Therigatha; and the Patimokkha from the
Vinaya. (That would still make the Buddhavacana portion of the Tipitaka
roughly 30 out of 40 volumes.)

2. All of the above, plus the
other books of the Khuddaka Nikaya, plus the other Vinaya books, plus
the Abhidhamma, but see them as written by later disciples of the
Buddha, who may have been arahants and thus, still worthy to be included
in the Canon, although not likely part of Original Buddhism.

The
scholar monks Ajahn Sujato and Ajahn Brahmali have written the book The
Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts and they are in agreement with
number one above, consisting of the first 4 Nikayas and some of the
Khuddaka Nikaya as Buddhavacana.

See also: Original Buddhism
References

The Complete Book of Buddha’s Lists — Explained. David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.
http://www.thedhamma.com/
The Authenticity of Early Buddhist Texts Buddhist Publication Society, 2014.
https://suttacentral.net/
dhammawiki.com
1-10 early to recent Chronology of Pali Canon - Dhamma Wiki
Thomas
William Rhys Davids in his Buddhist India (p. 188) has given a
chronological table of Buddhist literature from the time of the Buddha
to the time of Ashoka which is as follows:



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