LESSON 3288 Fri 28 Feb 2020
from
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)
All Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch)
Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta - Koom nrog paub - nrog cov duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Buddha Buddha Classic Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqD1-Xi1ioA
Mahasatipatthana Sutta
(9d Yogi
843 tus neeg yuav khoom
Hu nkauj ntawm Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta,
Qeb
Tsis Yog Haujlwm & Kev Nqes Tes Ua
Ntawv Tso Cai
Daim Ntawv Tso Cai Muab Kev Sib Koom (Attons Attribution)
Tau qhov twg los cov yeeb yaj kiab
Saib cov ntaus nqi
Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta - Koom nrog paub txog-hauv, 29) Lus Askiv Qib, Roman,
Sutta qhov no yog dav xav tias yog qhov siv rau kev xyaum ua.
Taw qhia
I. Kev Soj Ntsuam ntawm Kāya
A. Ntu nyob rau ānāpāna
B. Ntu ntawm kev nyob ua haujlwm
C. Ntu ntawm sampajañña
D. Seem ntawm kev qias
E. Ntu Ntawm Cov Ntsiab Lus
F. Tshooj ntawm cuaj lub thaj av roj av
II. Soj ntsuam ntawm Vedanā
III. Kev Soj Ntsuam ntawm Citta
IV. Soj ntsuam ntawm Dhammas
A. Tshooj ntawm N thevaraṇas
B. Ntu nyob rau Khandhas
C. Ntu nyob rau Qhov Chaw Ntseg
D. Ntu ntawm Bojjhaṅgas
E. Seem ntawm Qhov Tseeb
E1. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Dukkhasacca
E2. Kev siv ntawm Samudayasacca
E3. Raug ntawm Nirodhasacca
E4. Raug ntawm Maggasacca
Taw qhia
Kuv tau hnov:
Muaj ib lub sijhawm, Bhagavā tau nyob nrog cov neeg Kurus ntawm
Kammāsadhamma, lub nroog lag luam ntawm Kurus. Nyob ntawd, nws hais cov
lus bhikkhus:
- Bhikkhus.– Bhaddante teb cov bhikkhus. Lub Bhagavā hais tias:
- Qhov no, bhikkhus, yog txoj kev uas ua rau tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis
huv huv ntawm quavntsej, kov yeej kev quaj ntsuag thiab lamentation, kev
ploj mus ntawm dukkha-domanassa, kev muaj ntawm txoj kev yog, paub txog
Nibbāna, uas yog hais plaub satipaṭṭhānas.
Plaub twg? Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya, ātāpī sampajāno,
satimā, tau muab abhijjhā-domanassa rau lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm
vedanā hauv vedanā, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, tau muab tso tseg
abhijjhā-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm citta hauv
citta, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, tau tso tseg abhijjhā-domanassa ntawm
lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm dhamma in s hauv dhamma · s, ātāpī
sampajāno, satimā, tau tso tseg abhijjhā-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
I. Kāyānupassanā
A. Ntu nyob rau ānāpāna
Thiab yuav ua li cas, bhikkhus, puas yog bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya
hauv kāya? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, tau mus rau tom hav zoov lossis
tau ploj mus ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tsob ntoo lossis tau ploj mus rau
hauv chav khoob, zaum khoov ntawm ob txhais ceg crosswise, teem kāya
tsa sawv, thiab teeb tsa sati parimukhaṃ. Ua li sato nws nqus pa, ua li
sato nws nqus tawm. Ua pa rau ntev nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa nyob ntev’;
kev ua pa tawm ntev nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa tawm ntev’; ua pa luv nws
nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa luv’; ua pa tawm luv nws to taub: ‘Kuv ua tsis
taus pa tawm luv’; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov qhov tseem
kāya, Kuv yuav ua pa hauv ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov tag
nrho kāya, Kuv yuav ua pa tawm ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub
calming cia lub kāya-saṅkhāras, kuv yuav ua pa nyob rau hauv ‘; nws cob
qhia nws tus kheej: lub calming hauv kāya-saṅkhāras, kuv yuav ua pa tawm
‘.
Ib yam li, bhikkhus, tus txawj tshaj lij lossis tus tig rau
tes ua haujlwm, ua lub sijhawm ntev, to taub: ‘Kuv ua lub lem ntev’; ua
rau luv tig, nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua luv luv’; tib txoj kev, bhikkhus,
bhikkhu, ua pa ntev, to taub: ‘Kuv ua pa ntev’; kev ua pa tawm ntev nws
nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa tawm ntev’; ua pa luv nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv ua pa
luv’; ua pa tawm luv nws to taub: ‘Kuv ua tsis taus pa tawm luv’; nws
cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov qhov tseem kāya, Kuv yuav ua pa hauv
‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub hnov tag nrho kāya, Kuv yuav ua pa
tawm ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub calming cia lub kāya-saṅkhāras,
kuv yuav ua pa nyob rau hauv ‘; nws cob qhia nws tus kheej: lub calming
hauv kāya-saṅkhāras, kuv yuav ua pa tawm ‘.
Yog li nws nyob tsom
kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya
sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.
B. Ntu ntawm kev nyob ua haujlwm
Ntxiv
mus, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, thaum taug kev, nkag siab: ‘Kuv tabtom
taug kev’, lossis thaum sawv nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv sawv’, lossis thaum
zaum nws nkag siab: ‘Kuv tau zaum’, lossis thaum dag nws nkag siab: ‘
Kuv tau dag ‘. Los yog lwm tus, hauv qhov twg txoj hauj lwm nws kāya pov
tseg, nws to taub nws kom raug.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv
kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.
C. Ntu ntawm sampajañña
Tsis tas li
ntawd, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, thaum mus txog thiab thaum tawm mus, ua
nrog sampajañña, thaum saib tom ntej thiab thaum saib ib puag ncig, nws
ua nrog sampajañña, thaum khoov thiab thaum ncab, nws ua nrog
sampajañña, thaum hnav lub tsho loj thiab sab saud thiab thaum nqa lub
tais, nws ua nrog sampajañña, thaum noj mov, thaum haus, thaum zom,
thaum ua saj, nws ua nrog sampajañña, thaum koom nrog kev lag luam ntawm
kev tso quav thiab tso zis, nws ua nrog sampajañña, thaum taug kev,
thaum sawv, thaum zaum , thaum pw, thaum tsaug zog, thaum hais lus thiab
thaum nyob ntsiag to, nws ua nrog sampajañña.
Yog li nws nyob
tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv
kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.
D. Ntu Txog Kev Hloov Nkag Siab
Tsis
tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu txiav txim siab lub cev no, los
ntawm txhais taw ntawm tus taw nce mus thiab los ntawm cov plaub hau
ntawm lub taub hau cia, uas yog delimited los ntawm nws cov tawv nqaij
thiab tag nrho cov ntau yam tsis huv: “Hauv no kāya, muaj plaub mos mos
ntawm lub taub hau, plaub hau ntawm lub cev, rau tes, hniav, tawv nqaij,
cev nqaij, nqaij pob txha, pob txha, pob txha pob txha, mob raum,
plawv, siab, pleura, hnoos qeev, ntsws, plab hnyuv, mesentery, plab nrog
nws cov ntawv, quav, plab, phlegm , kua paug, ntshav, tawm hws, rog,
kua muag, roj, kua qaub ncaug, kua ntswg, kua synovial thiab zis. “
Ib yam li yog, bhikkhus, muaj ib lub hnab muaj ob qhov qhib thiab muaj
ntau hom nplej, xws li toj roob hauv pes, nplej, nplej, mung taum,
nyuj-noob taum, noob hnav thiab txhuv husked. Ib tug txiv neej uas muaj
lub qhov muag pom zoo, muaj qhov tsis tau npaj cia, yuav xav txog [nws
cov ntsiab lus]: “Nov yog toj roob hauv pes, cov no yog nplej, cov uas
yog mung taum, cov yog cov noob taum, cov noob hnav yog cov noob hnav
thiab no yog husked nplej;” nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, bhikkhus,
bhikkhu txiav txim siab lub cev no, los ntawm cov taw ntawm ko taw nce
thiab los ntawm cov plaub hau ntawm lub taub hau cia, uas yog delimited
los ntawm nws cov tawv nqaij thiab tag nrho cov ntau yam tsis huv: “Hauv
no kāya, muaj yog cov plaub hau ntawm lub taub hau, plaub hau ntawm lub
cev, rau tes, hniav, tawv nqaij, nqaij, nqaij, pob txha, pob txha pob
txha, mob raum, mob plawv, siab, pleura, hnoos qeev, mob ntsws, plab
hnyuv, mesentery, plab nrog nws cov ntawv, quav, tso quav, phlegm, pus,
ntshav, tawm hws, rog, kua muag, roj, kua qaub, kua ntswg, kua synovial
thiab zis. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv,
lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob
tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam
cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj
kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paṭissati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya.
E. Ntu Ntawm Cov Ntsiab Lus
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu xav txog qhov kāya no, txawm li
cas los nws muab tso, txawm li cas los xij nws tau muab pov tseg raws
li muaj cov ntsiab lus: “Hauv no kāya, muaj lub ntiaj teb, dej keeb,
hluav taws kub thiab huab cua cua.”
Ib yam li, bhikkhus, tus neeg
txawj txawj lossis tus tua neeg tus tub tua tsiaj, muaj tua tus nyuj,
yuav zaum ntawm kab tshuam kev txiav los ua tej daim; nyob rau hauv tib
txoj kev, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu xav txog qhov kāya no, txawm li cas los
nws muab tso, txawm li cas los nws muab pov tseg: “Hauv no kāya, muaj
lub ntiaj teb, dej keeb, hluav taws kub thiab huab cua huab cua.”
Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells
tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv
kāya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm
tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov
tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm
qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no
yog Kāya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov
kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov
chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya.
F. Tshooj ntawm cuaj lub thaj av roj av
(1) Hmoob
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, bhikkhu, ib yam li nws tau pom lub cev
tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv qhov chaw muaj pob zeb, ib hnub tuag,
lossis ob hnub tuag lossis peb hnub tuag, o, daj thiab festering, nws
txiav txim siab qhov no kāya: ” Lub kāya no kuj yog ntawm qhov xwm
txheej ntawd, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis pub dawb
los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv
kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.
(2) Cov (2)
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus,
tus bhikkhu, zoo li yog nws pom lub cev tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv av
qhov txos, raug noj los ntawm dev, raug noj los ntawm hawks, raug noj
los ntawm vultures, raug noj los ntawm herons, raug noj los ntawm dev,
ua noj los ntawm tsov, tau noj los ntawm panthers, raug noj los ntawm
ntau hom quavntsej, nws txiav txim siab qhov k :ya no: “Tus k alsoya no
kuj yog ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav dhau los ua zoo li no, thiab
tsis pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej no. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom
kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv
kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.
(3)
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib
bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv
thaj chaw muaj ntshav, taub-hau uas muaj nqaij thiab ntshav, tuav ua ke
los ntawm tendons, nws suav hais tias qhov no kāya: “Qhov no kāya kuj
yog ntawm xws li xwm, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis
pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom
kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya
sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.
(4)
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib
bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv
av uas muaj lub qhov txhab, lub cev pob txha tsis muaj nqaij thiab
smeared nrog ntshav, tuav ua ke los ntawm tendons, nws txiav txim siab
no kāya: “Qhov no kāya kuj yog xws li xwm txheej, nws yuav dhau los ua
qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells
tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv
kāya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm
tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov
tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm
qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no
yog Kāya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov
kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov
chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya.
(5)
Tsis
tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws pom lub cev tuag,
muab pov tseg rau hauv av charnel, tus nqaj tsis muaj nqaij lossis
ntshav, nyob ua ke los ntawm tendons, nws suav hais tias qhov no kāya:
“Qhov no kāya kuj yog ntawm xws li xwm, nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li
no, thiab tsis pub dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “
Yog li
nws nyob tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm
kāya hauv kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab
hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim
hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim
hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm
sim hauv kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog
Kāya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg
ntawm mere merea thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw,
thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus,
ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya.
(6)
Tsis tas li
ntawd, bhikkhus, yog bhikkhu, tib yam li nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab
pov tseg rau hauv av charnel, txiav cov pob txha tawg nyob ntawm no
thiab nyob ntawm no, ntawm no pob txha tes, muaj pob txha ko taw, ntawm
no pob txha pob txha, muaj pob txha shin. , ntawm no lub pob txha ncej
puab, muaj lub ntsag pob txha, ntawm no tus tav, muaj pob txha nraub
qaum, ntawm no tus txha nqaj qaum, muaj caj dab caj dab, ntawm no lub
puab tsaig pob txha, muaj pob txha hniav, lossis muaj pob txha taub hau,
nws txiav txim siab no kāya. : “Tus kāya no kuj yog ntawm qhov xwm
txheej ntawd. Nws yuav dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis yog muaj
kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd.”
Yog li nws nyob
tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv
kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.
(7) Lub hauv paus
Tsis tas li ntawd,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, zoo li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab pov
tseg rau hauv av uas muaj huab cua, cov pob txha nplawm zoo li hiav
txwv, nws txiav txim siab rau kāya no: “Lub kāya no kuj yog ntawm qhov
xwm txheej, nws yog mus kom dhau los ua qhov zoo li no, thiab tsis pub
dawb los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawd. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya
hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.
(8) Cov ntawv
Tsis tas li ntawd,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, ib yam li yog nws tau pom lub cev tuag, muab
pov tseg rau hauv ib qho chaw muaj mob, nws kho pob txha ntev dua ib
xyoos, nws txiav txim siab rau kāya no: “Lub kāya no kuj yog ntawm qhov
xwm txheej, nws yog mus ua zoo li no, thiab yog tsis yog dawb los ntawm
cov mob no. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv kāya ntxiv rau hauv,
lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab nraud, lossis nws nyob
tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom xam
cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj
kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya, lossis nws nyob tsom kev
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paṭissati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya.
(9
Tsis tas li ntawd, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu, zoo li yog nws pom lub cev
tuag, muab pov tseg rau hauv av charnel, lub pob txha lwj ua kom tsawg
rau hmoov, nws txiav txim siab rau k veryya no: “Tus kāya no kuj yog
ntawm xwm txheej ntawd, nws yog mus ua zoo li no, thiab yog tsis pub
dawb los ntawm tej yam mob no. “
Yog li nws nyob tsom kāya hauv
kāya ntxiv rau hauv, lossis nws dwells tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom saib kāya hauv kāya sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom xam cov samudaya ntawm tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kāya,
lossis nws nyob tsom kev samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
kāya; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog Kāya!” sati yog
tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea
thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib
yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm kāya hauv kāya.
II. Soj ntsuam ntawm Vedanā
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm vedanā hauv vedanā?
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, ntsib kev sukha vedanā, undersands: “Kuv
tau ntsib ib sukha vedanā”; muaj kev paub txog dukkha vedanā,
undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev paub txog dukkha vedanā”; muaj kev
adukkham-asukhā vedanā, undersands: “Kuv tau ntsib kev adukkham-asukhā
vedanā”; ntsib ib tug sukha vedanā sāmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau ntsib
sukha vedanā sāmisa”; kev muaj sukha vedanā nirāmisa, undersands: “Kuv
tau ntsib sukha vedanā nirāmisa”; kev paub txog dukkha vedanā sāmisa,
undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev paub txog dukkha vedanā sāmisa”; kev paub
txog dukkha vedanā nirāmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev dukkha vedanā
nirāmisa”; muaj kev adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau
ntsib kev adukkham-asukhā vedanā sāmisa”; pom ib adukkham-asukhā vedanā
nirāmisa, undersands: “Kuv tau muaj kev adukkham-asukhā vedanā
nirāmisa”.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm vedanā hauv vedanā sab hauv,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm vedanā hauv vedanā sab nraud, lossis nws nyob
tsom kwm vedanā hauv vedanā sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells tsom
xam cov samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv vedanā, lossis nws nyob tsom
kwm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv vedanā, lossis nws nyob tsom
saib cov samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv vedanā; los yog
lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog vedanā!” sati yog tam sim no
nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere
paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab
tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm
vedanā hauv vedanā.
III. Kev Soj Ntsuam ntawm Citta
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta?
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu to taub citta nrog rāga li “citta nrog
rāga”, lossis nws nkag siab citta tsis muaj rāga li “citta tsis muaj
rāga”, lossis nws nkag siab citta nrog dosa li “citta nrog dosa”, lossis
nws nkag siab citta tsis muaj dosa li “citta tsis muaj dosa”, lossis
nws nkag siab citta nrog moha li “citta nrog moha”, lossis nws nkag siab
citta tsis muaj moha li “citta tsis muaj moha”, lossis nws nkag siab
sau citta li “citta sau”, lossis nws nkag siab tawg citta li “citta
tawg”, lossis nws nkag siab qhov nthuav dav citta raws li “kev nthuav
dav citta”, lossis nws nkag siab citta tsis tseem ceeb raws li “citta
tsis tau qhia”, lossis nws nkag siab citta surpassable li “citta
surpassable”, lossis nws nkag siab ib qho tsis muaj qhov zoo li citta li
“citta uas tsis muaj peev xwm”, lossis nws nkag siab qhov citta uas
tsis yog “citta”, lossis nws nkag siab qhov citta tsis meej li “citta
tsis ruaj khov”, lossis nws nkag siab citta liberated li “liberated
citta”, lossis nws nkag siab ib qho citta uas tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig
zoo li “kev tsis nyeem ntawv citta”.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm
citta hauv citta sab hauv, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws dwells tsom kwm saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
citta, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm ntawm txoj kev dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim
hauv citta, lossis nws nyob tsom saib cov samudaya thiab dhau ntawm
qhov tshwm sim hauv citta; los yog lwm qhov, [paub tseeb:] “qhov no yog
citta!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg
ntawm mere merea thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw,
thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus,
ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm citta hauv citta.
IV. Soj ntsuam ntawm Dhammas
A. Tshooj ntawm N thevaraṇas
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas?
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv
dhammas nrog siv mus rau lub tsib nīvaraṇas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas
bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas nrog siv rau tsib lub
nīvaraṇas?
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj kāmacchanda tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj kāmacchanda hauv kuv”; muaj tsis
yog kāmacchanda tuaj tsis pub dhau, nws nkag siab: “tsis muaj
kāmacchanda hauv kuv”; nws to taub li cas tus unarisen kāmacchanda tshwm
sim; nws nkag siab li cas tus arisen kāmacchanda tso tseg; thiab nws
nkag siab k howmacchanda uas tso tseg lawm yuav tsis tshwm sim rau yav
tom ntej.
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj yog byāpāda tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj byāpāda nyob hauv kuv”; tsis muaj
byāpāda tuaj nyob hauv, nws nkag siab: “yeej tsis muaj byāpāda nyob
hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab li cas unarisen byāpāda tshwm sim; nws nkag
siab li cas tus arisen byāpāda tso tseg; thiab nws nkag siab li cas by
thepāda tso tseg tsis tuaj rau yav tom ntej.
Ntawm no, bhikkhus,
ib bhikkhu, muaj raug thīnamiddhā nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj
thīnamiddhī nyob hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog thīnamiddhā tuaj nyob hauv,
nws nkag siab: “tseem tsis thīnamiddhā nyob hauv kuv”; nws to taub li
cas tus unarisen thīnamiddhā tshwm sim; nws nkag siab li cas tus arisen
thīnamiddhā yog tso tseg; thiab nws nkag siab tias cov thīnamiddhā tso
tseg li cas tsis tshwm sim rau yav tom ntej.
Nws nkag siab mana,
nws nkag siab txog dhammas, nws nkag siab qhov saṃyojana uas tshwm sim
vim yog ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas saṃyojana tsis tshwm sim tuaj
tshwm sim, nws nkag siab tias qhov tshwm sim los ntawm saṃyojana li cas,
thiab nws nkag siab li cas rau saṃyojana tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim yav
tom ntej.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab nraud, lossis nws
nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws dwells
tsom kwm saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis nws
nyob tsom kwm ntawm kev dhau ntawm kev tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis
nws nyob tsom kwm tus samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
dhammas; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!”
sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm
mere merea thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab
tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug
bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv dhammas, nrog siv mus rau
(6) sab hauv thiab sab nraud āyatanas.
D. Ntu ntawm Bojjhaṅgas
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas
muaj siv rau xya bojjhaṅgas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob
tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv rau xya bojjhaṅgas?
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj tau qhov sati sambojjhaṅga tam sim
no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj sati sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj
tsis yog cov sati sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub:
“yog tsis muaj sati sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws to taub yuav ua li cas
unarisen sati sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias yuav ua li
cas arisen sati sambojjhaṅga yog tsim kom tiav.
Muaj yog lub
dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “muaj
yog dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog dhammavicaya
sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj
dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab tias qhov tsis muaj
kev ntseeg dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias
qhov tshwm sim ntawm dhammavicaya sambojjhaṅga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag
nrho.
Muaj raug vīriya sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws
nkag siab: “muaj vīriya sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog tus
vīriya sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj
vīriya sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab li cas cov unarisen vīriya
sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov arisen
vīriya sambojjha isga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag nrho.
Muaj pīti
sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “muaj pīti
sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog pīti sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob
rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj pīti sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws nkag
siab li cas tus unarisen pīti sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab
li cas cov arisen pīti sambojjhaṅga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag nrho.
Muaj tau lub passaddhi sambojjhaṅga tam sim no tsis pub dhau, nws nkag
siab: “muaj passaddhi sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog tus
passaddhi sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj
passaddhi sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab tias qhov tsis muaj dab
tsi passaddhi sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias yuav ua li
cas txoj kev sib cav me nyuam yaus tau dhau los ua rau kev zoo tag
nrho.
Muaj lub samādhi sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws
nkag siab: “muaj samādhi sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; tsis muaj samādhi
sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “tsis muaj samādhi
sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; nws to taub li cas tus unarisen samādhi
sambojjhaṅga los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm sam
thedhi sambojjhaṅga yog tsim rau kev zoo tag nrho.
Muaj tau
upekkhā sambojjhaṅga tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “muaj
upekkhā sambojjhaṅga hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog upekkhā sambojjhaṅga tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nws to taub: “tsis muaj upekkhā sambojjhaṅga hauv
kuv”; nws to taub li cas qhov tsis txawv txav upekkhā sambojjhaṅga los
tshwm sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov arisen upekkhā sambojjha
isga yog tsim kom tiav.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv
dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab
nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab
nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas, lossis
nws nyob tsom kwm tus samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
dhammas; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!”
sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm
mere merea thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab
tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug
bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv dhammas, nrog siv mus rau
xya bojjhaṅgas.
Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj tau
uddhacca-kukkucca tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag siab: “muaj
uddhacca-kukkucca nyob hauv kuv”; muaj tsis tau uddhacca-kukkucca tam
sim no nyob rau hauv, nws nkag siab: “yog tsis muaj uddhacca-kukkucca
hauv kuv”; nws nkag siab li cas tus unarisen uddhacca-kukkucca los tshwm
sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas cov arisen uddhacca-kukkucca raug tso
tseg; thiab nws nkag siab tias yuav ua li cas tso tseg
uddhacca-kukkucca tsis tshwm sim rau yav tom ntej.
Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu, muaj ua vicikicchā tam sim no nyob rau hauv, nkag
siab: “muaj vicikicchā hauv kuv”; muaj tsis yog vicikicchā tuaj nyob
hauv, nws nkag siab: “tseem tsis muaj vicikicchā nyob hauv kuv”; nws to
taub li cas unarisen vicikicchā los tshwm sim; nws nkag siab yuav ua li
cas lub arisen vicikicchā tso tseg; thiab nws nkag siab yuav ua li cas
lub vicikicch abandoned tso tseg tsis tuaj kom tshwm rau yav tom ntej.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob
tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib
samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm tus
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paṭissati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob
rau hauv dhammas, muaj siv rau tsib lub nīvaraṇas.
B. Ntu nyob rau Khandhas
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas nrog
rau tsib lub khandhas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom
kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv rau tsib khandhas?
Ntawm
no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu [meej mom]: “xws li yog rūpa, xws li yog
samudaya ntawm rūpa, xws li yog dhau ntawm rūpa; xws li yog vedanā, xws
li yog samudaya ntawm vedanā, xws li yog dhau ntawm vedanā; xws li yog
saññā, xws li yog samudaya ntawm saññā, xws li yog dhau ntawm saññā; xws
li yog saṅkhāra, xws li yog samudaya ntawm saṅkhāra, xws li yog dhau
ntawm saṅkhāra; xws li yog viññāṇa, xws li yog samudaya ntawm viññāṇa,
xws li yog dhau ntawm viññāṇa “.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas
hauv dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas
sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab
sab nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv
dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas,
lossis nws nyob tsom kwm tus samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim
hauv dhammas; los yog lwm qhov ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog
dhammas!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg
ntawm mere merea thiab mere paṭissati, nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw,
thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus,
ib tug bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas nyob rau hauv dhammas, muaj siv rau
tsib khandhas.
C. Ntu nyob rau Qhov Chaw Ntseg
Ntxiv mus,
bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj kev
siv rau rau internalyatanas sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Ntxiv mus,
bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv
rau qhov rau sab hauv thiab sab nraud āyatanas?
Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu to taub cakkhu, nws nkag siab rūpa, nws nkag
siab saṃyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog ob tug no, nws nkag siab li cas cov
saaryojana tsis pom zoo tuaj txog, nws nkag siab li cas rau saṃyojana
uas raug tso tseg, thiab nws nkag siab txog qhov tso tseg saṃyojana li
cas tsis tshwm sim tom ntej no.
Nws nkag siab sota, nws nkag siab
qhov sadda, nws nkag siab qhov saṃyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog ob yam
no, nws nkag siab li cas cov saṃyojana tsis pom zoo tshwm sim tuaj, nws
nkag siab tias qhov tshwm sim los ntawm saisyojana li cas, thiab nws
nkag siab li cas qhov tso tseg saṃyojana tsis tshwm sim yav tom ntej.
Nws nkag siab ghāna, nws nkag siab txog gandha, nws nkag siab qhov
saṃyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas lub
saaryojana tsis tshwm sim tuaj tshwm sim, nws nkag siab tias qhov tshwm
sim ntawm saṃyojana li cas tso tseg, thiab nws nkag siab li cas rau
saṃyojana tsis tuaj tshwm yav tom ntej.
Nws nkag siab jivha, nws
nkag siab txog rasa, nws nkag siab txog saṃyojana uas tshwm sim vim yog
ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas saṃyojana tsis tshwm sim tuaj, nws nkag
siab li cas rau saṃyojana raug tso tseg, thiab nws nkag siab li cas rau
saṃyojana tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim yav tom ntej.
Nws nkag siab
kāya, nws nkag siab phoṭṭhabba, nws nkag siab txog saṃyojana uas tshwm
sim vim yog ob yam no, nws nkag siab li cas cov saṃyojana tsis pom tsis
zoo tshwm sim, nws nkag siab li cas rau saṃyojana tsis tso tseg, thiab
nws nkag siab li cas rau saṃyojana tsis tuaj tshwm yav tom ntej.
E. Seem ntawm Qhov Tseeb
Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, tus bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas
nrog rau plaub tus ariya · saccas. Ntxiv mus, bhikkhus, li cas bhikkhu
nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas uas muaj siv rau plaub tus ariya ·
saccas?
E1. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Dukkhasacca
Thiab dab
tsi, bhikkhus, yog dukkha ariyasacca? Jāti yog dukkha, kev laus yog
dukkha (kev mob yog dukkha) maraṇa yog dukkha, kev tu siab, lamentation,
dukkha, domanassa thiab ntxhov siab yog dukkha, koom nrog dab tsi tsis
nyiam yog dukkha, cuam tshuam los ntawm dab tsi yog nyiam yog dukkha,
tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau yog dukkha; Hais luv, tus tsib
upādāna · k · khandhas yog dukkha.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
jāti? Rau ntau yam tsiaj nyob hauv cov chav kawm ntau ntawm quavntsej,
jāti, yug menyuam, qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob [hauv niam plab], tshwm sim
[hauv lub ntiaj teb], qhov tshwm sim, qhov pom ntawm khandhas, nrhiav
tau los ntawm āyatanas. Qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua jāti.
Thiab
dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog jarā? Rau cov tsiaj muaj ntau yam nyob hauv cov
chav kawm ntau ntawm quavntsej, jar of, lub xeev ntawm kev lwj, ntawm
qhov tau tawg [cov hniav], ntawm muaj cov plaub hau grey, ntawm qhov
tsaus muag, qhov poob ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, kev lwj ntawm indriyas:
qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua jarā.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
maraṇa? Rau cov tsiaj txhu hauv ntau chav kawm ntawm quavntsej, qhov
tuag, lub xeev ntawm kev hloov chaw [tawm ntawm hav zoov], sib tawg,
ploj, tuag, mara passinga, dhau mus, sib nrug ntawm lub khandhas, kev
tso cia ntawm lub qhov tuag: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua maraṇa.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog kev tu siab? Hauv ib, bhikkhus, cuam
tshuam nrog ntau yam kev khaum, kov los ntawm ntau yam dukkha dhammas,
ua kev quaj ntsuag, kev quaj ntsuag, lub xeev kev quaj ntsuag, kev tu
siab sab hauv, sab hauv kev nyuaj siab: qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua kev tu
siab.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog lamentation? Hauv ib,
bhikkhus, cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam ntawm kev khaum, kov los ntawm ntau
yam dukkha dhammas, kev quaj, cov tsis yws, quaj, quaj, lub xeev quaj,
lub xeev quaj: qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua lamentation.
Thiab yog
dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog dukkha? Xijpeem, bhikkhus, lub cev tsis muaj
dukkha, lub cev tsis zoo, lub cev tsis sib xws, dukkha tau los ntawm kev
sib chwv lub cev, tsis txaus siab rau hnub: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu
ua dukkha.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog domanassa? Xijpeem,
bhikkhus, kev puas siab puas ntsws dukkha, kev puas siab puas ntsws tsis
txaus siab, dukkha engendered los ntawm kev sib cuag hlwb, tsis txaus
siab vedayitas: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua domanassa.
Thiab dab
tsi, bhikkhus, yog kev poob siab? Hauv ib, bhikkhus, cuam tshuam nrog
ntau yam kev ua txhaum, kov los ntawm ntau yam dukkha dhammas, qhov teeb
meem, poob siab, lub xeev muaj teeb meem, lub xeev muaj kev poob siab:
qhov no, bhikkhus, hu ua poob siab.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
dukkha txog kev txuam nrog dab tsi tsis txaus siab? Ntawm no, hais txog
ntawm cov ntawv, suab, tastes, tsw, lub cev ntawm lub cev thiab cov kev
xav hauv lub cev muaj cov uas tsis txaus siab, tsis txaus siab, tsis kaj
siab, lossis lwm tus uas xav tau ib tus tsis zoo, cov uas xav tau ib
tus tsis txaus siab, cov uas xav tau ib tus tsis zoo, cov uas leej twg
xav tau ib tus tsis yog dim ntawm kev sib txuas, sib ntsib, sib txuam,
sib koom ua ke, ntsib lawv: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua dukkha uas raug
txuam nrog dab tsi tsis txaus siab.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
dukkha ntawm raug cais tawm ntawm dab tsi yog pom zoo? Ntawm no, raws
li rau hauv cov ntawv, suab, qab qab, ntxhiab, lub cev ntawm cov xwm
txheej thiab cov kev xav hauv lub hlwb muaj cov uas muaj kev txaus siab,
txaus siab, qab ntxiag, lossis lwm tus uas xav tau ib qho zoo dua, cov
uas xav tau ib tus txiaj ntsig, cov uas xav tau ib qho kev nplij siab,
cov uas xav kom ib tus dim ntawm qhov txuas, tsis ntsib, tsis koom nrog,
tsis koom ua ke, tsis ntsib nrog lawv: qhov no, bhikkhus, yog hu ua
dukkha ntawm kev cais tawm ntawm yam uas pom zoo.
Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi ib qho xav tau? Hauv
lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev yug los, xws li xav tau
tshwm sim: “huag tiag tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj jāti rau peb, thiab
tiag tiag, thov peb tsis txhob los rau jāti.” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog
kom ua tiav los ntawm xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais
dab tsi uas xav tau.
Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv
ntawm kev laus, xws li qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim: “huag tiag tiag, tej
zaum yuav tsis muaj jarā rau peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov peb tsis tuaj
rau ntawm lub pob tawb.” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm
xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.
Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev muaj mob, xws li
xav tau tshwm sim: “Huag tiag tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj kev mob rau
peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov kom peb tsis txhob los rau mob.” Tab sis qhov
no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm
tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.
Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj
tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev laus, xws li qhov kev xav tshwm sim: “huag tiag
tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj maraṇa rau peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov peb
tsis txhob tuaj maraṇa.” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm
xav tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.
Hauv lub neej, bhikkhus, muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev tu siab,
lamentation, dukkha, domanassa thiab ntxhov siab, xws li xav tau tshwm
sim: “huag tiag tiag, tej zaum yuav tsis muaj kev tu siab, lamentation,
dukkha, domanassa thiab kev nyuaj siab rau peb, thiab tiag tiag, thov
kom peb tsis txhob tuaj rau kev tu siab, lamentation, dukkha, domanassa
thiab ntxhov siab. ” Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kom ua tiav los ntawm xav
tau. Qhov no yog dukkha ntawm tsis tau txais dab tsi uas xav tau.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog nyob rau hauv luv luv tsib
upādānakkhandhas? Lawv yog: rūpa upādānakkhandha, vedanā
upādānakkhandha, saññā upādānakkhandha, saṅkhāra upādānakkhandha,
viññāṇa upādānakkhandha. Cov no yog hu ua luv, bhikkhus, tsib
upādānakkhandhas.
Qhov no yog hu ua, bhikkhus, dukkha ariyasacca
E2. Kev siv ntawm Samudayasacca
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog lub dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Nws yog
qhov no taṇhā ua rau rov qab, txuas nrog lub siab xav thiab kev lom zem,
nrhiav kev zoo siab ntawm no lossis nyob ntawd, uas yog hais:
kāma-taṇhā, bhava-taṇhā thiab vibhava-taṇhā. Tab sis no taṇhā, bhikkhus,
thaum sawv, nws tshwm sim qhov twg, thiab thaum xaus rau [nws tus
kheej], nws nyob qhov twg? Hauv uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas zoo li
qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, uas yog qhov chaw taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim,
tshwm sim, qhov twg thaum tsiv, nws settles.
Thiab dab tsi nyob
hauv lub ntiaj teb muaj qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo? Lub qhov muag nyob
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm
sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub pob ntseg nyob hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum khom, nws settles. Lub taub ntswg nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Tus nplaig nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum khom, nws settles. Kāya hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Mana nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum khom, nws settles.
Pom
daim ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tshwm, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles. Suab
hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles. Cov ntxhiab hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj ta therehā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum daws, nws pib sib haum. Cov nqaij hauv lub ntiaj teb yog
qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub cev tshwm sim hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhṇ, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev
tawm, nws settles. Dhammas hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles.
Tus muag-viññāṇa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. Pob ntseg-viññāṇa hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Tus ntswg-viññāṇa hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Tus nplaig-viññāṇa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum khom, nws
settles. Kāya-viññāṇa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.
Mana-viññāṇa hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles.
Lub
qhov muag-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws
tswm. Lub pob ntseg-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm,
nws tswm. Lub taub ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm,
nws settles. Tus nplaig-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. Kāya-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws
tswm. Mana-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.
Lub vedanā yug los ntawm qhov muag-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm pob ntseg-samphassa
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vedanā yug ntawm lub
qhov ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws settles. Lub
vedanā yug ntawm tus nplaig-samphassa nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
settling, nws settles. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm kāya-samphassa hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum khom, nws settles. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm
mana-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.
Tus
saññā ntawm daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Tus saññā ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. Cov saññā ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm,
nws settles. Tus saññā ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
settling, nws settles. Tus saññā ntawm lub cev tsis muaj nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum kev sib hais haum, nws daws. Tus saññā ntawm Dhammas
nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles.
Lub tswv
yim [cuam tshuam nrog] cov ntawv pom hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev sib
hais haum, nws tawm. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] suab hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim,
muaj thaum kev tawm, nws settles. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog]
ntxhiab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub tswv
yim [cuam tshuam nrog] cov qab qab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
daws, nws pib tawm. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] lub cev tshwm sim
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws daws. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam
nrog] dhammas hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev sib hais haum, nws pib sib haum.
Lub taṇhā rau cov ntaub ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais
tawm, nws tswm. Lub taṇhā rau cov suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais
tawm, nws tswm. Lub taṇhā rau cov ntxhiab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog
qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub taṇhā rau cov qab zib nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj
thaum settling, nws settles. Lub taṇhā rau lub cev tshwm sim hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub taṇhā rau dhammas nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm
sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles.
Lub vitakka ntawm pom cov
ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws settles. Lub vitakka
ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub
vitakka ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj ta therehā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm, nws
settles. Lub vitakka ntawm cov tsw qab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
daws, nws pib tawm. Lub vitakka ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vitakka ntawm dhammas
nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm.
Lub vicāra ntawm
daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws
settles. Lub vicāra ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum kev tawm,
nws settles. Lub vicāra ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling,
nws settles. Lub vicāra ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tshwm sim, tshwm sim, muaj thaum
settling, nws settles. Lub vicāra ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum sawv,
tshwm sim, muaj thaum hais tawm, nws tswm. Lub vicāra ntawm dhammas nyob
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
sawv, tshwm sim, muaj thaum settling, nws settles. Qhov no hu ua,
bhikkhus, dukkha · samudaya ariyasacca.
E3. Raug ntawm Nirodhasacca
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog lub dukkha-samudaya ariyasacca? Nws yog
qhov no taṇhā ua rau rov qab, txuas nrog lub siab xav thiab kev lom zem,
nrhiav kev zoo siab ntawm no lossis nyob ntawd, uas yog hais:
kāma-taṇhā, bhava-taṇhā thiab vibhava-taṇhā. Tab sis qhov no taṇhā,
bhikkhus, thaum tso tseg, qhov twg yog nws tso tseg, thiab thaum nres,
nws nres qhov twg? Hauv uas nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas zoo li qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, uas yog qhov chaw taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, raug tso
tseg, qhov twg thaum nres, nws ceases.
Thiab dab tsi nyob hauv
lub ntiaj teb muaj qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo? Lub qhov muag nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso
tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub pob ntseg nyob hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taub ntswg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj
thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Tus nplaig nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Kāya hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Mana nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Pom daim ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Suab hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Cov pa tsw qab nyob rau
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Cov nqaij hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub cev nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Dhammas hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases.
Qhov muag-viññāṇa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Pob ntseg-viññāṇa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Tus ntswg-viññāṇa hauv ntiaj teb no qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Tus nplaig-viññāṇa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Kāya-viññāṇa hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Mana-viññāṇa
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub qhov
muag-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub pob
ntseg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub
taub ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Tus nplaig-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Kāya-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Mana-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub vedanā yug los ntawm qhov muag-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm pob ntseg-samphassa hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab txaus siab, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanā yug ntawm lub
qhov ntswg-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo,
muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub vedanā yug ntawm tus nplaig-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab txaus siab, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj
thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm kāya-samphassa hauv
lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg,
tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vedanā yug los ntawm
mana-samphassa hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Tus saññā ntawm daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Tus saññā ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Tus saññā ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Tus saññā ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Tus saññā ntawm lub cev hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Tus saññā ntawm Dhammas hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] cov ntawv
pom hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub tswv yim [cuam
tshuam nrog] suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub
tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] ntxhiab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] saj nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso
tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog]
lub cev tshwm sim hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub
tswv yim [cuam tshuam nrog] dhammas hauv ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases.
Lub taṇhā rau cov ntaub ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taṇhā rau cov suab hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taṇhā rau tsw rau hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taṇhā rau cov qab zib nyob hauv lub
ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso
tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taṇhā rau lub cev tshwm sim
hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso
tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub taṇhā rau dhammas
nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub vitakka
ntawm pom cov ntawv nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom
zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab
ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm cov tsw qab nyob hauv lub ntiaj
teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob
rau hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum
tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vitakka ntawm
dhammas hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases.
Lub
vicāra ntawm daim ntawv pom nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab
pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws
ceases. Lub vicāra ntawm lub suab hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing,
nws ceases. Lub vicāra ntawm tsw nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag
thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum
ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vicāra ntawm cov nqaij nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb
yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj ta therehā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg,
muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vicāra ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob
rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj taṇhā,
thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Lub vicāra
ntawm dhammas hauv lub ntiaj teb yog qab ntxiag thiab pom zoo, muaj
taṇhā, thaum tso tseg, tso tseg, muaj thaum ceasing, nws ceases. Qhov no
yog hu ua, bhikkhus, dukkha · nirodha ariyasacca.
E4. Raug ntawm Maggasacca
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog dukkha · nirodha · gāminī paṭipadā
ariyasacca? Nws tsuas yog no ariya aṭṭhaṅgika magga, uas yog los hais
sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammā-ājīvo,
sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati thiab sammāsamādhi.
Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog sammādiṭṭhi? Tias, bhikkhus, uas yog ñāṇa ntawm dukkha,
ñāṇa ntawm dukkha-samudaya, ñāṇa ntawm dukkha-nirodha thiab ñāṇa ntawm
dukkha-nirodha-gāmini paṭipada, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammādiṭṭhi.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammāsaṅkappas? Cov, bhikkhus, uas yog
saṅkappas ntawm nekkhamma, saṅkappas ntawm abyāpāda, saṅkappas ntawm
avihiṃsā, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammāsaṅkappas.
Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog sammāvācā? Tias, bhikkhus, uas tau yoo nqhis ntawm
musāvādā, tsis yaum pisuṇa vācā, tsis yaum pharusa vācā, thiab tsis yaum
los ntawm samphappalāpa, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammāvācā.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammā-kammanta? Tias, bhikkhus, uas yog ua
kom tsis txhob pāṇātipāta, tsis yoo adinnādāna, tsis txiav tawm
abrahmacariya, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammā-kammanta.
Thiab dab
tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammā-ājīva? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib tug thwj tim
zoo, tau tso tseg tsis ncaj ncees lawm kev ua neej, txhawb nws lub neej
los ntawm txoj cai txoj kev ua neej, uas yog hu ua, bhikkhus,
sammā-ājīva.
Thiab dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog sammāvāyāma? Ntawm no,
bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu tsim nws chanda rau qhov tsis tshwm sim ntawm
unarisen pāpaka thiab akusala dhammas, nws exerts nws tus kheej, rouses
nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv zog; nws generates nws chanda
rau lub pov tseg ntawm arisen pāpaka thiab akusala dhammas, nws exerts
nws tus kheej, rouses nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv zog; nws
generates nws chanda rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm unarisen kusala dhammas,
nws exerts nws tus kheej, rouses nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv
zog; nws tsim nws lub chanda rau kev nyob ruaj khov ntawm arisen kusala
dhammas, rau lawv qhov kev tsis sib haum, rau lawv nce, lawv txoj kev
loj hlob, lawv cog qoob loo thiab lawv ua tiav, nws exerts nws tus
kheej, rouses nws viriya, siv zog nws citta thiab siv zog. Qhov no yog
hu ua, bhikkhus, sammāvāyāma.
Ib yam dab tsi, bhikkhus, yog
sammāsati? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, ib bhikkhu nyob tsom kwm kāya hauv kāya,
ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, tau muab abhijjhā-domanassa rau lub ntiaj teb.
Nws nyob tsom kwm vedanā hauv vedanā, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, tau muab
tso tseg abhijjhā-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm citta
hauv citta, ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, tau tso tseg abhijjhā-domanassa
ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nws nyob tsom kwm dhamma in s hauv dhamma · s,
ātāpī sampajāno, satimā, tau tso tseg abhijjhā-domanassa ntawm lub ntiaj
teb. Qhov no yog hu ua, bhikkhus, sammāsati.
Thiab dab tsi,
bhikkhus, yog sammāsamādhi? Ntawm no, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, detached
ntawm kāma, cais tawm ntawm akusala dhammas, tau nkag mus rau hauv thawj
jhāna, nyob rau ntawd, nrog vitakka thiab vicāra, nrog pīti thiab sukha
yug ntawm detachment. Nrog rau kev tseem nyob rau ntawm vitakka-vicāra,
tau nkag mus rau hauv lub thib ob jhāna, nws nyob rau ntawd nws nrog
sab hauv tanquilization, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm citta, tsis muaj
vitakka tsis vicāra, nrog pīti thiab sukha yug ntawm samādhi. Thiab nrog
indifference rau pīti, nws nyob rau hauv upekkha, sato thiab sampajāno,
nws paub nyob rau hauv kāya lub sukha uas cov ariyas piav qhia: ‘ib tug
uas yog equanimous thiab mindful nyob hauv [no] sukha’, tau nkag mus
rau hauv peb jhāna, nws nyob nyob rau ntawd. Tso tseg sukha thiab tso
dukkha, somanassa thiab domanassa dhau los tsis muaj, tsis muaj sukha
lossis dukkha, nrog kev coj dawb huv ntawm upekkha thiab sati, tau nkag
mus rau hauv plaub jhāna, nws nyob rau ntawd. Qhov no yog hu ua,
bhikkhus, sammāsamādhi.
No yog hu ua, bhikkhus, dukkha · nirodha · gāminī paṭipadā ariyasacca.
Yog li nws nyob tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv, lossis nws nyob
tsom kwm dhammas hauv dhammas sab nraud, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
dhammas hauv dhammas sab hauv thiab sab nraud; nws nyob soj qab saib
samudaya ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm
ntawm txoj kev ploj mus hauv dhammas, lossis nws nyob tsom kwm tus
samudaya thiab dhau ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv dhammas; los yog lwm qhov
ntxiv, [paub tseeb:] “Cov no yog dhammas!” sati yog tam sim no nyob rau
hauv nws, tsuas yog rau qhov kawg ntawm mere merea thiab mere paṭissati,
nws nyob tsis muaj qhov chaw, thiab tsis lo rau ib yam dab tsi hauv lub
ntiaj teb. Yog li, bhikkhus, ib tug bhikkhu nyob saib dhammas nyob rau
hauv dhammas, muaj siv rau plaub ariya · saccas.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev coj ua Satipaṭṭhānas
Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas hauv txoj
kev no rau xya xyoo, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm
tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee
qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.
Cia nyob xya xyoo, bhikkhus. Rau
leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas hauv txoj kev no
rau xyoo, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anāgāmita.
Cia rau xyoo rau, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau tsib
xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anāgāmita.
Cia nyob tsib xyoos, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas nyob rau hauv txoj kev no
rau plaub lub xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm
tias [zoo kawg nkaus] kev paub hauv qhov pom tshwm sim, lossis yog tias
muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.
Cia plaub xyoos,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas
hauv txoj kev no rau peb lub xyoo, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav
tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.
Cia rau peb xyoos,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas
hauv txoj kev no rau ob xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav xav
tau: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.
Cia nyob ob xyoos,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas
hauv txoj kev no rau ib xyoos, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau
xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.
Cia ib xyoos ib,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas
hauv txoj kev no rau xya lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav
tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.
Cia nyob ib hlis xya,
bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas
hauv txoj kev no rau rau lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav
tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog
tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.
Cia nyob ib leeg rau
lub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub
satipaṭṭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau tsib lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob qhov
txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim
pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug, anāgāmita.
Cia
nyob ib leeg tsib lub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav xyaum
cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas nyob rau hauv txoj kev no rau plaub lub hlis,
ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub
hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug,
anāgāmita.
Cia plaub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus, yuav
xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau peb lub hlis, ib qho
ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub hauv
qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug,
anāgāmita.
Cia nyob ib leeg peb lub hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau ob
lub hlis, ib qho ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anāgāmita.
Cia nyob ob hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau ib
hlis, ib ntawm ob qhov tshwm sim xav tau: txawm tias [zoo meej] paub
hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab laug,
anāgāmita.
Cia nyob ib hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg, bhikkhus,
yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau ib nrab ntawm ib
hlis, ib ntawm ob lub txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo meej]
paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov sab
laug, anāgāmita.
Cia ib nrab ib hlis, bhikkhus. Rau leej twg,
bhikkhus, yuav xyaum cov plaub satipaṭṭhānas hauv txoj kev no rau ib lub
lim tiam, ib ntawm ob qhov txiaj ntsig yuav tau xav: txawm tias [zoo
meej] paub hauv qhov tshwm sim pom, lossis yog tias muaj qee qhov rov
sab laug, anāgāmita.
“Qhov no, bhikkhus, yog txoj hauv kev uas ua
rau tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis huv huv ntawm quavntsej, kov yeej kev
quaj ntsuag thiab lamentation, ploj ntawm dukkha-domanassa, kev muaj
ntawm txoj kev yog, paub txog Nibbāna, uas yog hais plaub satipaṭṭhānas.
” Yog li tau hais lawm, thiab ntawm txhua yam no tau hais lawm.
Yog li hais Bhagavā. Zoo siab, bhikkhus txais tos cov lus ntawm Bhagavā.
45) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
05) Classical Pāḷi
07) Classical Cyrillic
08) Classical Afrikaans– Klassieke Afrikaans
09) Classical Albanian-Shqiptare klasike,
10) Classical Amharic-አንጋፋዊ አማርኛ,
11) Classical Arabic-اللغة العربية الفصحى
12) Classical Armenian-դասական հայերեն,
13) Classical Azerbaijani- Klassik Azərbaycan,
14) Classical Basque- Euskal klasikoa,
15) Classical Belarusian-Класічная беларуская,
16) Classical Bengali-ক্লাসিক্যাল বাংলা,
17) Classical Bosnian-Klasični bosanski,
18) Classical Bulgaria- Класически българск,
19) Classical Catalan-Català clàssic
20) Classical Cebuano-Klase sa Sugbo,
21) Classical Chichewa-Chikale cha Chichewa,
22) Classical Chinese (Simplified)-古典中文（简体）,
23) Classical Chinese (Traditional)-古典中文（繁體）,
24) Classical Corsican-Corsa Corsicana,
25) Classical Croatian-Klasična hrvatska,
26) Classical Czech-Klasická čeština,
27) Classical Danish-Klassisk dansk,Klassisk dansk,
28) Classical Dutch- Klassiek Nederlands,
29) Classical English,Roman
30) Classical Esperanto-Klasika Esperanto,
31) Classical Estonian- klassikaline eesti keel,
32) Classical Filipino klassikaline filipiinlane,
33) Classical Finnish- Klassinen suomalainen,
34) Classical French- Français classique,
35) Classical Frisian- Klassike Frysk,
36) Classical Galician-Clásico galego,
37) Classical Georgian-კლასიკური ქართული,
38) Classical German- Klassisches Deutsch,
39) Classical Greek-Κλασσικά Ελληνικά,
40) Classical Gujarati-ક્લાસિકલ ગુજરાતી,
41) Classical Haitian Creole-Klasik kreyòl,
42) Classical Hausa-Hausa Hausa,
43) Classical Hawaiian-Hawaiian Hawaiian,
44) Classical Hebrew- עברית קלאסית
45) Classical Hmong- Lus Hmoob,
46) Classical Hungarian-Klasszikus magyar,
47) Classical Icelandic-Klassísk íslensku,
48) Classical Igbo,Klassískt Igbo,
49) Classical Indonesian-Bahasa Indonesia Klasik,
50) Classical Irish-Indinéisis Clasaiceach,
51) Classical Italian-Italiano classico,
52) Classical Japanese-古典的なイタリア語,
53) Classical Javanese-Klasik Jawa,
54) Classical Kannada- ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಕನ್ನಡ,
55) Classical Kazakh-Классикалық қазақ,
56) Classical Khmer- ខ្មែរបុរាណ,
57) Classical Korean-고전 한국어,
58) Classical Kurdish (Kurmanji)-Kurdî (Kurmancî),
59) Classical Kyrgyz-Классикалык Кыргыз,
60) Classical Lao-ຄລາສສິກລາວ,
61) Classical Latin-LXII) Classical Latin,
62) Classical Latvian-Klasiskā latviešu valoda,
63) Classical Lithuanian-Klasikinė lietuvių kalba,
64) Classical Luxembourgish-Klassesch Lëtzebuergesch,
65) Classical Macedonian-Класичен македонски,
66) Classical Malagasy,класичен малгашки,
67) Classical Malay-Melayu Klasik,
68) Classical Malayalam-ക്ലാസിക്കൽ മലയാളം,
69) Classical Maltese-Klassiku Malti,
70) Classical Maori-Maori Maori,
71) Classical Marathi-क्लासिकल माओरी,
72) Classical Mongolian-Сонгодог Монгол,
73) Classical Myanmar (Burmese)-Classical မြန်မာ (ဗမာ),
74) Classical Nepali-शास्त्रीय म्यांमार (बर्मा),
75) Classical Norwegian-Klassisk norsk,
76) Classical Pashto- ټولګی پښتو
77) Classical Persian-کلاسیک فارسی
78) Classical Polish-Język klasyczny polski,
79) Classical Portuguese-Português Clássico,
80) Classical Punjabi-ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
81) Classical Romanian-Clasic românesc,
82) Classical Russian-Классический русский,
83) Classical Samoan-Samoan Samoa,
84) Classical Sanskrit छ्लस्सिचल् षन्स्क्रित्
85) Classical Scots Gaelic-Gàidhlig Albannach Clasaigeach,
87) Classical Sesotho-Seserbia ea boholo-holo,
88) Classical Shona-Shona Shona,
89) Classical Sindhi,
90) Classical Sinhala-සම්භාව්ය සිංහල,
91) Classical Slovak-Klasický slovenský,
92) Classical Slovenian-Klasična slovenska,
93) Classical Somali-Soomaali qowmiyadeed,
94) Classical Spanish-Español clásico,
95) Classical Sundanese-Sunda Klasik,
96) Classical Swahili,Kiswahili cha Classical,
97) Classical Swedish-Klassisk svensk,
98) Classical Tajik-тоҷикӣ классикӣ,
99) Classical Tamil-பாரம்பரிய இசைத்தமிழ் செம்மொழி,
100) Classical Telugu- క్లాసికల్ తెలుగు,
101) Classical Thai-ภาษาไทยคลาสสิก,
102) Classical Turkish-Klasik Türk,
103) Classical Ukrainian-Класичний український,
104) Classical Urdu- کلاسیکی اردو
105) Classical Uzbek-Klassik o’z
106) Classical Vietnamese-Tiếng Việ
108) Classical Xhosa-IsiXhosa zesiXhosa,
109) Classical Yiddish- קלאסישע ייִדיש
110) Classical Yoruba-Yoruba Yoruba,
http://www.orgsites.com/oh/
Awakeness Practices
All
84,000 Khandas As Found in the Pali Suttas Traditionally the are 84,000
Dharma Doors - 84,000 ways to get Awakeness. Maybe so; certainly the
Buddha taught a large number of practices that lead to Awakeness. This
web page attempts to catalogue those found in the Pali Suttas (DN, MN,
SN, AN, Ud & Sn 1). There are 3 sections:
The
discourses of Buddha are divided into 84,000, as to separate addresses.
The division includes all that was spoken by Buddha.”I received from
Buddha,” said Ananda, “82,000 Khandas, and from the priests 2000; these
are 84,000 Khandas
maintained by me.” They are divided into 275,250, as to the stanzas of
the original text, and into 361,550, as to the stanzas of the
commentary. All the discourses including both those of Buddha and those
of the commentator, are divided into 2,547 banawaras, containing
737,000 stanzas, and 29,368,000 separate letters.
Positive Buddha Vacana — The words of the Buddha — Interested in All
Suttas of Tipitaka as Episodes in visual format including 7D laser
Hologram 360 degree Circarama presentation
from
Please Visit: http://sarvajan.ambedkar.org
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
for
Maha-parinibbana Sutta — Last Days of the Buddha
The Great Discourse on the Total Unbinding
This wide-ranging sutta, the
longest one in the Pali canon, describes the events leading up to,
during, and immediately following the death and final release
(parinibbana) of the Buddha. This colorful narrative contains a wealth
of Dhamma teachings, including the Buddha’s final instructions that
defined how Buddhism would be lived and practiced long after the
Buddha’s death — even to this day. But this sutta also depicts, in
simple language, the poignant human drama that unfolds among
the Buddha’s many devoted followers around the time of the death of their beloved teacher.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
for
Mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ (Pali) - 2 Kāyānupassanā ānāpānapabbaṃ
http://www.buddha-vacana.org/
Use
http://www.translate.google.
Rector
JC
an expert who identifies experts influenced by Expert and Infulencer Sashikanth Chandrasekharan
of
Free Online Awaken One With Awareness Mind (A1wAM)+ ioT (insight-net of Things) - the art of Giving, taking and Living to attain Eternal Bliss as Final Goal through Electronic Visual Communication Course on
Political
Science-Techno-Politico-Socio Transformation and Economic Emancipation
Movement (TPSTEEM). Struggle hard to see that all fraud EVMs are
replaced by paper ballots by Start using Internet of things by creating
Websites,blogs. Make the best use of facebook, twitter etc., to
propagate TPSTEEMthru FOA1TRPUVF.
Practice Insight Meditation in all postures of the body - Sitting, standing, lying, walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, martial arts etc., for health mind in a healthy body.
a just born baby is kept isolated without anyone communicating with the
baby, after a few days it will speak and human natural (Prakrit)
language known as Classical Magahi Magadhi/Classical Chandaso language/Magadhi Prakrit/Classical Hela Basa (Hela Language)/Classical Pali which are the same. Buddha spoke in Magadhi. All the 7111 languages and dialects are off shoot of Classical
Magahi Magadhi. Hence all of them are Classical in nature (Prakrit) of
Human Beings, just like all other living spieces have their own natural
languages for communication. 111 languages are translated by https://translate.google.com
buddhasaid2us@gmail.com,
Transformation and Economic Emancipation Movement followed by millions
of people all over the world in 111 Classical languages.
Rendering exact translation as a lesson of this
University in one’s mother tongue to this Google Translation and
propagation entitles to become a Stream Enterer (Sottapanna) and to attain Eternal Bliss as a Final Goal
.
LESSON 3288 Fri 28 Feb 2020
from
LESSON 3287 Thu 27 Feb 2020
from
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/ashoka-6226.php
Ashoka (Piya Dasi)
“GREATEST EMPEROR ON EARTH!”
Another king from another kingdom who was given the title of ‘The
Great’. Asoka the Great was the last of the great Indian empire of
Maurya and he ruled from 269 BC. He too has great conquests and his
empire was almost the entire Indian sub-continent. He was a kind and a
good-hearted leader. After the bloody Kalinga War, he was so deeply
moved and pained by the suffering that he denounced his throne and all
his wealth and adopted Buddhism. Today, he is known as an important
champion of Buddhism and he preached the values of Buddhism and the
lesson from Buddha’s life to the people.
Ashoka Biography
Ashoka was the third emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty and ruled almost
the entire Indian subcontinent. This biography profiles his childhood,
life, reign, achievements and timeline
Quick Facts
Born: 304 BC
Nationality: Indian
Famous: Leaders Emperors & Kings
Died At Age: 72
Also Known As: Dharma Ashoka, Ashoka the Terrible, Asoka, Ashoka the Great
Born in: Pataliputra
Famous as: Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty
Family:
Spouse/Ex-: Karuvaki, Maharani Devi, Rani Padmavati, Tishyaraksha
father: Bindusara
mother: Shubhadrangi
siblings: Susima
children: Charumati, Jaluka, Kunala, Mahinda, Sangamitta, Tivala
Died on: 232 BC
place of death: Pataliputra
Ashoka, also known as ‘Ashoka the Great’, was the third ruler of the
Mauryan Empire and one of the greatest emperors of India who ruled
almost the entire Indian subcontinent. He is largely credited for
spreading Buddhism in many parts of the world. He grew up to become an
absolutely fearsome king with a vision to expand his empire
continuously, which stretched across the Indian subcontinent leaving
aside the southernmost parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. However, it was
the conquest of Kalinga, seen as the bloodiest and most lethal, which
left him shattered and transformed him from a fierce vengeful ruler to a
peaceful and non-violent emperor. He built up numerous stupas across
his empire, and got many pillars constructed, the most significant of
them being the Ashoka Pillar, containing the Lion Capital of Ashoka
which is today India’s national emblem. In addition to this, his Ashoka
Chakra, inscribed on many of his relics (most prominent among which is
the Lion Capital of Sarnath and The Ashoka Pillar), is at the centre of
the National flag of India. The reign of Ashoka is considered as one of
the most glorious periods in Indian history. Even though Buddhism faded
in India after his death, it continued to flourish and spread in other
parts, particularly in eastern and south-eastern Asia
Primis Player Placeholder
Childhood & Early Life
Ashoka was born as Devanampriya Priyadarshi Samrat Ashoka, in 304
BC, in Pataliputra (close to modern-day Patna), to the second emperor of
the Mauryan Dynasty, Bindusara, and Maharani Dharma.
The
grandson of the founder of Mauryan Dynasty, Chandragupta Maurya, he had
several half-brothers from his father’s other wives.
Born
into a royal family, he was good at fighting since childhood and
received royal military training. Besides, he was also excellent at
hunting, evident from his ability to kill a lion with only a wooden rod.
Accession & Reign
Considered a fearless and heartless military leader, he was deputed to curb the riots in the Avanti province of the empire.
He was appointed the Viceroy of Avanti province in 286 BC after suppressing the uprising at Ujjain.
He was called upon by his father to help heir-apparent Susima in
quelling a revolt at Taxila, which he did successfully, thereby becoming
the Viceroy of Taxila. He is also said to have handled and curbed a
second rebellion in Taxila later.
After his father
Bindusara’s death in 272 BC, a two-year long fierce battle broke out
between Ashoka and his half brothers. According to Dipavansa and
Mahavansa (Buddhist texts), he killed his 99 brothers, sparing just
Vitashoka or Tissa, to capture the throne.
While he ascended
the throne in 272 BC, he had to wait for four years for his coronation
in 269 BC to become the third ruler of the Mauryan Empire.
He
was supported by his father’s ministers, especially Radhagupta, who
played a major role in his victory and was appointed the Prime Minster
after Ashoka became the emperor.
He was constantly at war
during the first eight years of his reign, expanding his empire across
the Indian subcontinent, including Iran and Afghanistan in the West, and
Bangladesh and Burmese border in the East.
He was successful
in acquiring the Godavari-Krishna basin and Mysore in the south, though
the southernmost territories of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Sri Lanka
remained out of his reach.
Even though the predecessors of
Ashoka ruled over a vast empire, the kingdom of Kalinga on the northeast
coast of India (present-day Odisha and North Coastal Andhra Pradesh)
never came under the control of the Mauryan Empire. Ashoka wanted to
change this and invaded Kalinga for the same.
The bloody war
at Kalinga left over 100,000 soldiers and civilians dead and more than
150,000 deported. This large-scale killing of humans sickened Ashoka so
much that he vowed never to fight again and started practicing
non-violence.
According to Buddhist sources, he was so
influenced by the teachings of Buddhism that he converted into a
Buddhist and made it his state religion.
He issued a series
of edicts that laid down the basic rules for formulating policies in his
empire. These were announced through edicts and inscriptions in local
dialects on pillars and rocks.
A number of Buddhist monks
were sent across India and other countries, like Afghanistan, Syria,
Persia, Greece, Italy, Thailand, Vietnam, Nepal, Bhutan, Mongolia,
China, Cambodia, Laos, and Burma, to spread Buddhism.
Major Battles
He attacked Kalinga in 261 BC to further extend his Empire and
conquered it successfully, only to be shocked to see the massive
destruction caused in terms of both property and human lives.
Achievements
He is said to have built 84,000 stupas to store the relics of
Buddha and also as places of meditation, across South Asia and Central
Asia for Buddhist monks.
His ‘Ashoka Chakra’ or ‘the wheel of
righteousness’, widely inscribed on many relics of the Mauryan Emperor
(most prominent among them is the Lion Capital of Sarnath and The Ashoka
Pillar), was adopted into the Indian flag.
The pillar edicts
or Ashokstambha, measuring 40 to 50 feet high, were erected in all
places bordering the Mauryan Empire, reaching as far as Nepal, Pakistan
and Afghanistan, although only ten of them survive to date.
He administered the construction of a sculpture of four lions standing
back to back, known as the Lion Capital of Ashoka, atop the Ashoka
pillar at Sarnath (Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh). It is the national emblem
of India.
The Lion Capital can be found at the Sarnath
Museum, while the Ashoka pillar, also called Ashoka column, is still
intact at its original location.
He oversaw the construction
of ‘viharas’ or intellectual hubs – Nalanda University and Taxila
University, stupas – Dhamek stupa, Bharhut stupa, Sannati stupa, Butkara
stupa, Barabar Caves, Mahabodhi Temple, and Sanchi.
Personal Life & Legacy
While on exile in Kalinga for two years to escape his brothers’
enmity, he met and fell in love with its princess, Kaurwaki, as a
commoner, both unaware of each other’s real identities. The two later
married secretly.
While being treated for his injuries at
Ujjain, he met Vidisa Mahadevi Sakya Kumari (Devi), from Vidisha, whom
he later married. The couple had two children – son Mahendra and
daughter Sanghamitra.
Apart from Kaurwaki and Devi, he is
believed to have had many other wives too. Padmavati, Tishyaraksha and
Asandhimitra were some of them, with whom he had several children.
His children, Mahendra and Sanghamitra, played a major role in
establishing and spreading Buddhism in Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka).
Even though he motivated his people to follow Buddhist values and
principles, he permitted the practice of other religions as well, such
as Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Ajivikaism, and Greek polytheism, in his
empire.
He died in 232 BC, aged 72, as a stable and merciful king who cared for his people.
Savitribai Phule: Her humble character continues
to be printed in every text-book of Maharashtra, her revolutionary
reforms are remembered in every nook and corner of the country,
Savitribai Phule was a woman who strived against the odds. She had been
mocked, thrown eggs at, tomatoes and even stones by orthodox men but her
zeal to continue teaching girls never faded. She protested against ‘sati’,
sheltered orphaned children, embraced the untouchables, raised the bar
for women’s self-esteem and confidence, and campaigned against many
social ill-practices; a true redeemer. After the demise of her husband
Jotirao, it was Savitribai who took over responsibility of the Satya Shodhak Samaj,
a group which aimed to liberate social ideologies with regard to
untouchables and which was founded by Jotirao himself. She broke all
odds by being the first woman in Indian history to light up her
husband’s pyre. Savitribai Phule continues to remain an inspiration to
us all.
https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/narayana-guru-9827.php
Narayana Guru
Nick Name: Nanu
Nationality: Indian
Famous:
Social Reformers
Spiritual & Religious Leaders
Died At Age: 72
Sun Sign: Leo
Also Known As: Shree Narayana Guru Swami
Born Country: India
Born in: Chempazhanthy, Thiruvananthapuram, India
Famous as: Spiritual Leader, Social Reformer
father: Madan Asan
mother: Kuttiyamma
Died on: September 20, 1928
place of death: Sivagiri, Kerala, India
Founder/Co-Founder: Alwaye Advaita Ashram
Narayana Guru, also known
as Shree Narayana Guru Swami, was a spiritual leader, saint and social
reformer from Kerala, India. He belonged to the Ezhava community
considered as ‘Avarna’ or belonging to the lower caste. He was a social
reformer and led a movement to end the injustices prevalent in the Hindu
caste-ridden society in Kerala. He believed in spiritualism, social
equality, freedom, and brotherhood. He dedicated his entire life to
promoting spiritual enlightenment. He is venerated as a saint and “Guru”
for his profound Vedic knowledge, poetic excellence, and his teachings
of tolerance and non-violence, which impacted a large population in
India as well as abroad. He was instrumental in laying the groundwork
for social and spiritual reform in Kerala. He believed that spiritual
and social growth could be attained by education and establishment of
learning centers. Thus, he built several temples, schools, and education
centers for the underprivileged. He dismissed the ‘Chaturvarna’ and the
beliefs attached to it. Many years after his death, he was commemorated
on an Indian postage stamp by the Indian government. The Sri Lankan
government also issued a commemorative stamp in his honor.
-
Narayana
Guru, lovingly known as ‘Nanu,’ was born on August 28, 1855, in
Chempazhanthy near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. His father, Madan Asan,
was a farmer from the Ezhava community, and his mother was Kuttiyamma. -
He
was educated in the traditional gurukul system under the tutelage of
Chempazhanthi Mootha Pillai. His mother passed away when he was only 15
years old. -
At
the age of 21, he traveled to Travancore (modern-day
Thiruvananthapuram) to learn from the Sanskrit scholar Raman Pillai
Asan, who belonged to the Puthuppally Varanappally family. From him,
Narayana Guru learned the Vedas, the Upanishads, literature, and logic
rhetoric in Sanskrit. -
In
1881, he abandoned his studies and returned to his village owing to his
father’s ill health. He also set up a small village school to educate
local children, where he was known as “Nanu Asan.”
-
During
the 19th and early 20th centuries, casteism was the order of the day in
the Indian society. People from lower castes like the Thiyyas and
Ezhavas and the untouchable castes like Pulayars, Paraiyars and tribals
suffered at the hands of the Brahmins.
-
Even
Guru wasn’t spared of these atrocities, and hence as his first act of
protest, he erected the Siva idol at Aruvippuram in 1888. He built over
forty-five temples in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. -
He
even sanctified several non-traditional objects like a slab with the
inscriptions “Truth, Ethics, Compassion,” a vegetarian Shiva, a mirror,
and also a sculpture made by an Italian artist. -
He
preached about living with compassion and tolerance for each other. One
of his significant works, the “Anukampadasakam,” praises the teachings
of The Buddha, Krishna, Jesus Christ, and Adi Shankara.
-
The
Vaikom Satyagraha was a social protest that began when people from the
lower castes rebelled against untouchability practiced in the Hindu
society of Travancore. -
Reportedly,
when an upper caste person stopped Narayana Guru on the way to Vaikom
Temple, his followers and supporters were agitated and thus sparked the
Vaikom Satyagraha. -
Guru’s
disciples Muloor S. Padmanabha Panicker and Kumaran Asan wrote poems
disapproving of the incident. In 1918, another follower, T. K. Madhavan,
appealed to the Sree Moolam Popular Assembly for their right to enter
any temple without any discrimination based on caste. -
Protesters
like K. Kelappan and K. P. Kesava Menon formed a group and declared it
the ‘Kerala Paryatanam.’ Mahatma Gandhi also supported the movement, and
it snowballed into a mass movement. -
As
a result, the temple was opened to all, and three roads leading to it
were built for people of all castes. This protest played a significant
role in the Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936.
-
Narayana
Guru wrote several religious works like “Atmopadesa Śatakam” and “Daiva
Dasakam,” which are collections of spiritual poems and prayers.
-
He also translated texts like “Thirukural of Valluvar,” “Ozhivil Odukkam of Kannudaiya Vallalaar,” and “Ishavasya Upanishad.”
-
He
believed in and preached the maxim “One Caste, One Religion, One God
for All” (Oru Jathi, Oru Matham, Oru Daivam, Manushyanu). -
He
even propagated the non-dualistic philosophy of Adi Sankara, combining
it with the concepts of social equality and brotherhood.
-
Unfortunately,
very little is known about Narayana Guru’s personal life. However, it
is known that he married Kaliamma when he was about 27 years of age. He
did not live with his wife for long. -
The
visit to Pallathuruthy in 1927 was the final trip made by Narayana
Guru. His health was deteriorating, and he had several physicians caring
for him in his last days. -
He moved to Sarada Mutt in Sivagiri in 1928, and died on September 20 of the same year.
-
His
tomb is situated in Sivagiri, and every year September 20 is observed
as ‘Sree Narayana Guru Samadhi.’ His birth anniversary is observed as
‘Sree Narayana Jayanthi’ and both days remain public holidays in his
honor.
Dr B.R.Ambedkar thundered “Main Bharat Baudhmay karunga.” (I will make India Buddhist)
All Aboriginal Awakened Societies Thunder ” Hum Prapanch Prabuddha Bharatmay karunge.” (We will make world Prabuddha Prapanch)
B. R. Ambedkar
was an eminent leader, social reformer, scholar and jurist. Go through
this biography to learn in details about his life, career, works and
timeline.
B. R. Ambedkar
Nationality: Indian
Famous:
Quotes By B. R. Ambedkar
Humanitarian
Died At Age: 65
Sun Sign: Aries
Also Known As: Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, Babasaheb Ambedkar
Born Country: India
Born in: Dr. Ambedkar Nagar
Famous as: Indian Jurist
Spouse/Ex-: Ramabai Ambedkar (m. 1906–1935), Savita Ambedkar (m. 1948–1956)
father: Ramji Maloji Sakpa
mother: Bhimabai Sakpal
children: Bhaiyasaheb Ambedkar
Died on: December 6, 1956
place of death: Delhi
Founder/Co-Founder: Buddhist Society of India, Independent Labour Party, Scheduled Castes Federation, Samata Sainik Dal
B.R. Ambedkar was a
leading activist and social reformer who dedicated his life, working for
the upliftment of the Dalits (the untouchables) and the socially
backward class of India. A messiah for the downtrodden, Ambedkar
continuously fought for the eradication of caste discrimination that had
fragmented the Indian society. Born in a socially backward family,
Ambedkar was the victim of caste discrimination, inequality, and
prejudice. However, fighting against all odds, he received higher
education, becoming the first ever untouchable to do so. After
completing his studies, he launched himself politically, fighting for
the rights of the depressed class and against the inequality practiced
in the society. He was a crusader of social equality and justice.
Academically trained as a jurist, he went on to become the first law
minister of free India and the framer or chief architect of the
‘Constitution of India.’ In his later years, he acted as a revivalist of
Buddhism in India. He converted to Buddhism, freeing himself of the
perils of caste differences and unfairness practiced by the Hindus.
-
Ambedkar
was born Bhimrao Ramji Sakpal on 14 April 1891, in Mhow, Central
Provinces, British India, to Ramji Maloji Sakpal and Bhimabai. His
father served in the Indian army. Ambedkar was the last of the 14
children born to his parents. -
Belonging
to ‘Mahar’ caste and considered among the untouchables, he suffered
from socio-economic discrimination. However, due to special privileges
given to the children of parents serving the army, he received good
education. -
A
young Ambedkar faced a lot of problems during his school days but he
managed to overcome his problems. In 1897, he along with his family
moved to Bombay where he enrolled at ‘Elphinstone High School,’ becoming
the first ever untouchable to receive higher education. -
Completing
his matriculation degree in 1907, he enrolled at ‘Elphinstone College’
in 1908, once again creating history by becoming the first untouchable
to enter a university. He graduated from ‘Elphinstone College’ in 1912
with a degree in economics and political science. -
He
secured a job with the Baroda state government but did not continue his
job for long as he was awarded a ‘Baroda State Scholarship,’ which
provided him the opportunity to receive postgraduate education at
‘Columbia University’ in New York City. To pursue the same, he moved to
America in 1913. -
He
completed his MA in June 1915, majoring in economics, with sociology,
history, philosophy, and anthropology as other subjects of study. In
1927, he obtained a PhD in economics. -
Meanwhile,
in 1916, he enrolled for a bar course at ‘Gray’s Inn.’ However, due to
the termination of his scholarship, he had to return to India.
-
Upon
returning to India, he worked as the defence secretary for the Princely
State of Baroda. However, the work was not easy for him as he was often
ridiculed and castigated for being an untouchable. -
He
quit his job as the defence secretary and took up jobs as a private
tutor and accountant. He even established a consultancy business which
failed to flourish due to his social status. He finally landed a job as a
teacher at the ‘Sydenham College of Commerce and Economics’ in Mumbai. -
A
victim of caste discrimination, Ambedkar was inspired to uplift the
pitiable state of the untouchables in the society. Thus, with the help
of the Maharaja of Kolhapur, he founded a weekly journal called
‘Mooknayak’ which criticized the orthodox beliefs of the Hindus and the
reluctance of politicians to fight against the discrimination. -
Accumulating
enough wealth, he moved to London to complete his education. In 1921,
he received his master’s degree from ‘London School of Economics.’ Two
years later, he acquired his D.Sc. in economics. After completing his
law studies, he was admitted to the British bar as a barrister. -
After
returning to India, he started working as a legal professional in the
country. His passion for eradicating the practice of caste
discrimination led him to establish the ‘Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha.’
The main aim of the organization was to provide education to the
backward class. -
In
1925, he was appointed to ‘Bombay Presidency Committee’ to work under
the ‘All-European Simon Commission.’ The commission reports were
thrashed by the Congress which set up its own version of the
Constitution of free India. -
In
1927, he actively worked against untouchability. Instead of taking the
route of violence, he followed in the footsteps of Gandhi and led a
‘Satyagraha’ movement. He fought for the rights of the untouchables who
were denied access to the main water source and temples. -
In
1932, due to his rising popularity as a crusader, he received an
invitation to attend the ‘Second Round Table Conference’ in London. At
the conference, he demanded a separate electorate for the depressed
class, but his views were opposed by Gandhi. -
Finally,
he reached an understanding with Gandhi and settled for the ‘Poona
Pact,’ according to which a reservation was granted to the depressed
class in the regional legislative assemblies and Central Council of
States.
-
In
1935, he was appointed as the principal of the ‘Government Law
College,’ a position he retained for two years. The following year, he
founded the ‘Independent Labour Party,’ which went on to secure 14 seats
in the 1937 Bombay elections. -
In
1936, he published his book ‘The Annihilation of Caste’ in which he
ridiculed Hindu orthodox leaders and condemned the caste system
practiced in the country. Next, he came up with his work ‘Who Were the
Shudras?’ in which he explained the formation of the untouchables. -
As
soon as India became independent, he administered the transformation of
his political party into the ‘All India Scheduled Castes Federation.’
However, the party did not perform well at the 1946 elections, held for
the ‘Constituent Assembly of India.’ -
He
served as the minister for labour for the ‘Viceroy’s Executive
Council.’ He also served on the board of the ‘Defence Advisory
Committee.’ It was his dedication that earned him the chair of free
India’s first law minister. He also became the chairman of the drafting
committee of the ‘Constitution of India.’ -
The
Constitution drafted by him aimed at bringing about a social revolution
in the country and freeing it from any sort of discrimination. It
provided the citizens with freedom of religion, abolished
untouchability, advocated rights for women, and bridged the gap between
the different classes of the society. -
Other
than his role as the framer of the Constitution, he also helped
establish the ‘Finance Commission of India.’ It was through his policies
that the nation progressed both economically and socially. He
emphasized on free economy with a stable rupee. -
He
rejected the ‘Aryan Invasion Theory’ which describes the origin of the
Aryans outside the Indian sub-continent. He came to a conclusion that
the Aryans originally belonged to India. -
In
1951, following the indefinite stalling of the ‘Hindu Code Bill’ which
was proposed by him, he resigned from the Cabinet. He contested for a
seat at the ‘Lok Sabha’ but was defeated. He was later appointed to the
‘Rajya Sabha’ and remained a member of the ‘Rajya Sabha’ until his
death.
-
In
1906, he married Ramabai, who was just nine years old at the time. In
1912, the couple was blessed with a son named Yashwant. Apart from
Yashwant, they had four other children, who died in infancy. -
In 1935, Ramabai breathed her last when she succumbed to a long-term illness.
-
It
was while undergoing treatment for neurotic pain and lack of sleep that
he first met Dr. Sharada Kabir. The two eventually got married on April
15, 1948. Post her wedding, she renamed herself Savita Ambedkar. -
He
got converted to Buddhism after attending a convention of Buddhist
scholars in Sri Lanka. Inspired by their preaching, he wrote a book on
Buddhism. After his conversion to Buddhism, he founded the ‘Bharatiya
Bauddha Mahasabha’ (Buddhist Society of India) in 1955. He completed his
final work ‘The Buddha and His Dhamma’ in 1956. The book was published
posthumously. -
His
deteriorating health worsened further as he suffered from diabetes and
weak eyesight. He breathed his last in his home on December 6, 1956. -
Since
he had converted to Buddhism, a Buddhist-style cremation was organized
for him. The ceremony was attended by hundreds of thousands of
supporters, activists, and admirers. -
To
commemorate his contribution to the society, a memorial was constructed
and established. His birthday, celebrated as ‘Ambedkar Jayanti’ or
‘Bhim Jayanti,’ is a public holiday in India. -
In 1990, he was posthumously awarded India’s highest civilian honor, ‘Bharat Ratna.’
-
This
revolutionary, who fought against the untouchability practiced in
India, is popularly known as the chief architect of the ‘Constitution of
India.’
-
Ambedkar played a key role in the establishment of ‘Reserve Bank of India’ in 1935.
-
He had suggested the division of Madhya Pradesh and Bihar for better governance way back in 1955.
-
He wanted to sponsor Sanskrit as the official language of the Indian union.
-
Ambedkar contested the ‘Lok Sabha’ election twice, failing to win the election on both occasions.
-
His autobiography ‘Waiting for a Visa’ is used as a text book in the ‘Columbia University.’
-
He opposed the whole idea of reservation of jobs and constituencies and didn’t want the reservation system to exist at all.
-
He was the first Indian to complete a doctorate degree overseas.
-
Ambedkar was the one who insisted on reducing the working hours from 14 to eight hours a day in India.
-
He strongly opposed ‘Article 370’ of the Indian constitution which gave special status to the state of Jammu & Kashmir.
-
He played a key role in forming the ‘National Employment Exchange Agency’ in India.
B. R. Ambedkar
Image Credit: �� BCCL
One of the greatest personalities ever born in India, Ambedkar was a
jurist, political leader, philosopher, anthropologist, historian,
revolutionary, writer and much more. He was a revolutionary leader and
held forth on his views even if they went against the popular grain. He
also revived Buddhism in India, a legacy still seen in Dalit
communities, who’s cause Ambedkar championed throughout his life.
Ambedkar is also known as the Father of the Indian Constitution, on
behalf of which the nation celebrated Republic Day.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dalits
List of SC/STs
Following is a list of SC/ST people organised by profession, field, or focus.
Inspirational Leader
Kanshi Ram, Founder of Bahujan Samaj Party
Academics
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanshi_Ram
www.bamcef.info/manyawar-shri-kanshiram-ji.php
B. R. Ambedkar, jurist, economist, politician and social reformer
Early life
Kanshi Ram was born on 15 March 1934 in Ropar district, Punjab, British
India. Some sources say his birthplace was the village of Pirthipur
Bunga and others that it was Khawaspur village. Although his family were
Ramdasia Sikhs, an untouchable sect, in Punjab at that time there was
relatively little stigma attached to being an untouchable.
After studies at various local schools, Ram graduated in 1956 with a BSc degree from Government College Ropar.
Career
Kanshi Ram joined the offices of the Explosive Research and Development
Laboratory in Pune[5] under the government’s scheme of positive
discrimination. It was at this time that he first experienced caste
discrimination and in 1964 he became an activist. Those who admire him
claim that he was spurred to this after reading B. R. Ambedkar’s book
Annihilation of Caste and witnessing what he perceived to be
discrimination against a SC/ST employee who wished to observe a holiday
celebrating Ambedkar’s birth.
Ram initially supported the
Republican Party of India (RPI) but became disillusioned with its
co-operation with the Indian National Congress. In 1971, he founded the
All India SC, ST, OBC and Minority Employees Association and in 1978
this became BAMCEF, an organisation that aimed to persuade educated
members of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backwards
Classes and Minorities to support Ambedkarite principles. BAMCEF was
neither a political nor a religious body and it also had no aims to
agitate for its purpose. Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to “the
class among the Dalits that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identities”.
Later, in 1981,
Ram formed another social organisation known as SC/ST Shoshit Samaj
Sangharsh Samiti (DSSSS, or DS4). He started his attempt of
consolidating the Dalit vote and in 1984 he founded the Bahujan Samaj
Party (BSP). He fought his first election in 1984 from Janjgir-Champa
seat in Chhattisgarh. The BSP found success in Uttar Pradesh, initially
struggled to bridge the divide between Dalits and Other Backward
Classes[15] but later under leadership of Mayawati bridged this gap.
In 1982 he wrote his book The Chamcha Age (an Era of the Stooges) and
in it he used of the term chamcha (stooge) for SC/ST leaders who for
their selfish motives work for parties like the Indian National Congress
(INC) such as Jagjivan Ram or Ram Vilas Paswan and for Bharatiya Janata
Party (BJP) keeping in ethical context with Ambedkar’s book What
Gandhi and the Congress Have Done to the Untouchables to the politics of
Dalit liberation.[citation needed]
However, it was in 1986 when
he declared his transition from a social worker to a politician by
stating that he was not going to work for/with any other organization
other than the BSP. During the meetings and seminars of the party, Ram
stated to ruling classes that if they promised to do something, it would
pay to keep the promise, or else just accept that they were not capable
of fulfilling their promises.[citation needed]
After forming BSP
Ram said the party would fight first election to lose, next to get
noticed and the third election to win.[18] In 1988 he contested
Allahabad seat up against a future Prime Minister V. P. Singh and
performed impressively but lost polling close to 70,000 votes.
He
unsuccessfully contested from East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency) in
1989 and came at fourth position. Then he represented the 11th Lok Sabha
from Hoshiarpur,[20] Kanshiram was also elected as member of Lok Sabha
from Etawah in Uttar Pradesh. In 2001 he publicly announced Mayawati as
his successor.
In the late 1990s, Ram described the BJP as the
most corrupt (mahabrasht) party in India and the INC, Samajwadi Party
and Janata Dal as equally corrupt.
Proposed conversion to Buddhism
In 2002, Ram announced his intention to convert to Buddhism on 14
October 2006, the 50th anniversary of Ambedkar’s conversion. He intended
for 20,000,000 of his supporters to convert at the same time. Part of
the significance of this plan was that Ram’s followers include not only
untouchables, but persons from a variety of castes, who could
significantly broaden Buddhism’s support. However, he died on 9 October
2006.
Mayawati his successor said “Saheb Kanshi Ram and I had
decided that we will convert and adopt Buddhism when we will get
“absolute majority” at the Centre. We wanted to do this because we can
make a difference to the religion by taking along with us millions of
people. If we convert without power then only we too will be converting.
But when you have power you can really create a stir”.Death
Saheb was a diabetic. He suffered a heart attack in 1994, an arterial
clot in his brain in 1995, and a paralytic stroke in 2003.[25] He died
in New Delhi on 9 October 2006 of a severe heart attack at the age of
72. He had been virtually bed-ridden for more than two years. According
to his wishes, his funeral rites were performed according to Buddhist
tradition, with Mayawati lighting the pyre.His ashes were placed in an
urn and kept at Prerna Sthal, where many people paid their respects.
In his condolence message, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
described Ram as “one of the greatest social reformers of our time ..
his political ideas and movements had a significant impact on our
political evolution … He had a larger understanding of social change and
was able to unite various underprivileged sections of our society and
provide a political platform where their voices would be heard.” Under
Ram’s leadership, the BSP won 14 parliamentary seats in the 1999 federal
elections.
Bahujan Samaj PartyMayawatiBAMCEF
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAMCEF
BAMCEF
BAMCEF is an Indian charitable organization. It was founded in 1978 to
enlist the aid of the comparatively well-educated among the bahujans and
other communities of India who suffer discrimination. It has no
political or religious agenda, nor does it promote agitation to achieve
its goals.[6] BAMCEF is an acronym for “The All India Backward and
Minority Communities Employees Federation”. The term backward got its
significance from the Constitution of India, which divides the oppressed
and exploited Indians into categories on the basis of their
backwardness, namely: Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST),
Other Backward Classes (OBC) and Minority Communities.
BAMCEF
The All India Backward And Minority Communities Employees Federation
Formation
6 December 1978 (39 years ago)
Founder
Kanshi Ram
Founded at
BAMCEF Convention at New Delhi
Type
Social organization of educated employees[1]
Legal status
Active
Members
2 million[2]
President
Waman Meshram (Bharat Mukti Morcha faction[3])
B. D. Borkar (Mulnivasi Sangh faction[4][5])
Website
www.bamcef.info
www.bamcef.org.in
www.bamcef.co.in
bamcefmission.com
The origins of BAMCEF lie in an organisation for employees of repressed
communities that was established in 1971 by Kanshi Ram.[6] This became
BAMCEF at a convention held in Delhi in 1978, with an official launch on
6 December 1978, the anniversary of the death of B. R. Ambedkar.[7] The
ideology of BAMCEF is to fight the entrenched system of inequality that
divides Indian society, and to abolish the caste system.
History
As an employee of the Defence Research and Development Laboratory in
Pune, Kanshi Ram realized that the formation of a bahujan bureaucracy
was important to serve Dalits’ interests. He set about forming a
federation, through which he worked his way up the bureaucratic
hierarchy. By identifying a few zealous officers, he was able to
influence lower-ranked staff.
The motto of this organisation was
‘Payback to society’, to inspire the Dalit bureaucrats to do their bit
for the Dalit masses. In this way, a continuous supply of intellectual
property, money and talent was ensured. Ram did not want to make BAMCEF
an employees’ union. He wanted it to become an organisation of educated
Bahujan employees: “the think tank, talent bank, and financial bank of
the Bahujan samaj”.
BAMCEF raised funds to promote their agenda
and for training.Kanshi Ram appointed state-level conveners as well as
mandal conveners to act as links between state and district levels.[10]
Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to “the class among the indigenous
moolnivasi bahujans that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identities”.
Others established
the Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti (DS4) in 1981. This
organization made an impact on people in North and South India. Later,
this group was led by Ishaan Singh Tomar. Before the formation of the
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), DS4 entered local elections in Delhi and
Haryana in the name of “Limited Political Action”. Later on, Ram
dissolved DS4 and formed BSP as a completely political wing.[12] This
caused strain within BAMCEF ranks.
In early 1986, BAMCEF split.
Kanshi Ram announced that he was no longer willing to work for any
organisation other than BSP. One element of BAMCEF, which was associated
with Kanshi Ram, became a shadow organisation to help BSP in electoral
mobilisation. Those remaining in BAMCEF after Ram’s departure registered
BAMCEF as an independent non-political organisation in 1987.
Khaparde was national president of BAMCEF from 1987 until his death on
29 February 2000. His successor was Waman Chindhuji Meshram.
Narendra Jadhav, Indian economist, writer and educationist
Gopal Baba WalangkarGrace Banu, Scheduled Caste and transgender
activist; first transgender in state of Tamil Nadu be admitted to an
engineering college
Nagraj Manjule, Marathi director
Pa.Ranjith,Flim writer,Director
Governance
Non-Inspirational Mis-LeaderRamnath Kovind,President of IndiaK. R. Narayanan, former President of IndiaInspirational Leader
Mayawati, Four time Chief Minister of Uttar PradeshAshok Tanwar,
President of Haryana Congress, former Member of
ParliamentNon-Inspirational Mis-LeaderRam Vilas Paswan, President of the
Lok Janshakti Party, eight time member of Lok Sabha
B. Shyam
Sunder, Founder of Bharatiya Bhim SenaDamodaram Sanjivayya, First
Scheduled Caste Chief Minister of an Indian state(Andhra Pradesh),
first SC President of Indian National Congress party(1962)Jagjivan Ram
(1908–1986), First Labour Minister of Independent India, former Deputy
Prime Minister of IndiaJignesh Mevani, Independent MLA from Vadgam
Gujarat, youth movement leader and activistMeira Kumar, First woman
Speaker of the Lok Sabha (2009-2014), Daughter of Jagjivan Ram.Jogendra
Nath Mandal, was one of the central and leading Founding Fathers of
modern state of Pakistan, and legislator serving as country’s first
minister of law and labour, and also was second minister of commonwealth
and Kashmir affairs.Krishna Kumari Kohli, Member of Pakistan SenatRam
Lal Rahi, Minister of State for Home Affairs and Four times MP from
Mishrikh in Sitapur district.
Literature
Madara
Chennaiah, the first poet in the history of Vachana literature who was a
cobbler.Namdeo Dhasal, Marathi poet and writer from
Maharashtra.Military
Immanuvel DevendrarMadurai Veeran, a folk hero of Arunthathiyar origin.
Music
Sumeet SamosGinni MahiAmar Singh ChamkilaKanth Kaler
Religion and reform
Gallela Prasad, the fourth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of
Cuddapah, in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.Marampudi Joji, the
third Archbishop of Hyderabad.Rettamalai Srinivasan, SC/ST Activist,
politician, freedom fighter and founder of Paraiyar Mahajana
SabhaAyyankali, social reformerGiani Ditt Singh, Started Singh Sabha
Movement to bring SC/STs of Punjab to sikh-fold.Bhagu, a devotee of
KrishnaMangu Ram Mugowalia, started Ad-Dharmi movementRavidas, mystic
poet-saInt of the bhakti movementIyothee Thass, a prominent anti-caste
activist and a practitioner of Siddha medicine, a publisher, and writer
in Tamil, who is regarded as a pioneer of the Buddhist movement in the
Tamil region in the early twentieth century.
Sports
Vithal Palwankar, Cricketer
Kanshi Ram (15 March 1934 – 9 October 2006), also known as Bahujan
Nayak or Saheb, was an Indian politician and social reformer who worked
for the upliftment and political mobilisation of the Bahujans, the
untouchable groups at the bottom of the caste system in India. Towards
this end, Kanshi Ram founded SC/ST Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti
(DS-4), the All India Backward and Minority Communities Employees’
Federation (BAMCEF) in 1971 and the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) in 1984.
He ceded leadership of the BSP to his protégé Mayawati who has served
four terms as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.
Kanshi Ram
Founder and National president of the Bahujan Samaj Party
In office
14 April 1984 – 18 September 2003
Succeeded by
Mayawati
Member of the Indian Parliament
for Hoshiarpur
In office
1996–1998
Preceded by
Kamal Chaudhry
Succeeded by
Kamal Chaudhry
Member of the Indian Parliament
for Etawah
In office
1991–1996
Preceded by
Ram Singh Shakya
Succeeded by
Ram Singh Shakya
Personal details
Born
15 March 1934
Rupnagar district, Punjab Province, British India
Died
9 October 2006 (aged 72)
New Delhi
Political party
Bahujan Samaj Party
www.bamcef.info/manyawar-shri-kanshiram-ji.php
Early life
Kanshi Ram was born on 15 March 1934 in Ropar district, Punjab, British
India. Some sources say his birthplace was the village of Pirthipur
Bunga and others that it was Khawaspur village. Although his family were
Ramdasia Sikhs, an untouchable sect, in Punjab at that time there was
relatively little stigma attached to being an untouchable.
After studies at various local schools, Ram graduated in 1956 with a BSc degree from Government College Ropar.
Career
Kanshi Ram joined the offices of the Explosive Research and Development
Laboratory in Pune[5] under the government’s scheme of positive
discrimination. It was at this time that he first experienced caste
discrimination and in 1964 he became an activist. Those who admire him
claim that he was spurred to this after reading B. R. Ambedkar’s book
Annihilation of Caste and witnessing what he perceived to be
discrimination against a SC/ST employee who wished to observe a holiday
celebrating Ambedkar’s birth.
Ram initially supported the
Republican Party of India (RPI) but became disillusioned with its
co-operation with the Indian National Congress. In 1971, he founded the
All India SC, ST, OBC and Minority Employees Association and in 1978
this became BAMCEF, an organisation that aimed to persuade educated
members of the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backwards
Classes and Minorities to support Ambedkarite principles. BAMCEF was
neither a political nor a religious body and it also had no aims to
agitate for its purpose. Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to “the
class among the Dalits that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identities”.
Later, in 1981,
Ram formed another social organisation known as SC/ST Shoshit Samaj
Sangharsh Samiti (DSSSS, or DS4). He started his attempt of
consolidating the Dalit vote and in 1984 he founded the Bahujan Samaj
Party (BSP). He fought his first election in 1984 from Janjgir-Champa
seat in Chhattisgarh. The BSP found success in Uttar Pradesh, initially
struggled to bridge the divide between Dalits and Other Backward
Classes[15] but later under leadership of Mayawati bridged this gap.
In 1982 he wrote his book The Chamcha Age (an Era of the Stooges) and
in it he used of the term chamcha (stooge) for SC/ST leaders who for
their selfish motives work for parties like the Indian National Congress
(INC) such as Jagjivan Ram or Ram Vilas Paswan and for Bharatiya Janata
Party (BJP) keeping in ethical context with Ambedkar’s book What
Gandhi and the Congress Have Done to the Untouchables to the politics of
Dalit liberation.[citation needed]
However, it was in 1986 when
he declared his transition from a social worker to a politician by
stating that he was not going to work for/with any other organization
other than the BSP. During the meetings and seminars of the party, Ram
stated to ruling classes that if they promised to do something, it would
pay to keep the promise, or else just accept that they were not capable
of fulfilling their promises.[citation needed]
After forming BSP
Ram said the party would fight first election to lose, next to get
noticed and the third election to win.[18] In 1988 he contested
Allahabad seat up against a future Prime Minister V. P. Singh and
performed impressively but lost polling close to 70,000 votes.
He
unsuccessfully contested from East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency) in
1989 and came at fourth position. Then he represented the 11th Lok Sabha
from Hoshiarpur,[20] Kanshiram was also elected as member of Lok Sabha
from Etawah in Uttar Pradesh. In 2001 he publicly announced Mayawati as
his successor.
In the late 1990s, Ram described the BJP as the
most corrupt (mahabrasht) party in India and the INC, Samajwadi Party
and Janata Dal as equally corrupt.
Proposed conversion to Buddhism
In 2002, Ram announced his intention to convert to Buddhism on 14
October 2006, the 50th anniversary of Ambedkar’s conversion. He intended
for 20,000,000 of his supporters to convert at the same time. Part of
the significance of this plan was that Ram’s followers include not only
untouchables, but persons from a variety of castes, who could
significantly broaden Buddhism’s support. However, he died on 9 October
2006.
Mayawati his successor said “Saheb Kanshi Ram and I had
decided that we will convert and adopt Buddhism when we will get
“absolute majority” at the Centre. We wanted to do this because we can
make a difference to the religion by taking along with us millions of
people. If we convert without power then only we too will be converting.
But when you have power you can really create a stir”.Death
Saheb was a diabetic. He suffered a heart attack in 1994, an arterial
clot in his brain in 1995, and a paralytic stroke in 2003.[25] He died
in New Delhi on 9 October 2006 of a severe heart attack at the age of
72. He had been virtually bed-ridden for more than two years. According
to his wishes, his funeral rites were performed according to Buddhist
tradition, with Mayawati lighting the pyre.His ashes were placed in an
urn and kept at Prerna Sthal, where many people paid their respects.
In his condolence message, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
described Ram as “one of the greatest social reformers of our time ..
his political ideas and movements had a significant impact on our
political evolution … He had a larger understanding of social change and
was able to unite various underprivileged sections of our society and
provide a political platform where their voices would be heard.” Under
Ram’s leadership, the BSP won 14 parliamentary seats in the 1999 federal
elections.
Bahujan Samaj PartyMayawatiBAMCEF
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAMCEF
BAMCEF
BAMCEF is an Indian charitable organization. It was founded in 1978 to
enlist the aid of the comparatively well-educated among the bahujans and
other communities of India who suffer discrimination. It has no
political or religious agenda, nor does it promote agitation to achieve
its goals.[6] BAMCEF is an acronym for “The All India Backward and
Minority Communities Employees Federation”. The term backward got its
significance from the Constitution of India, which divides the oppressed
and exploited Indians into categories on the basis of their
backwardness, namely: Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST),
Other Backward Classes (OBC) and Minority Communities.
BAMCEF
The All India Backward And Minority Communities Employees Federation
Formation
6 December 1978 (39 years ago)
Founder
Kanshi Ram
Founded at
BAMCEF Convention at New Delhi
Type
Social organization of educated employees[1]
Legal status
Active
Members
2 million[2]
President
Waman Meshram (Bharat Mukti Morcha faction[3])
B. D. Borkar (Mulnivasi Sangh faction[4][5])
Website
www.bamcef.info
www.bamcef.org.in
www.bamcef.co.in
bamcefmission.com
The origins of BAMCEF lie in an organisation for employees of repressed
communities that was established in 1971 by Kanshi Ram.[6] This became
BAMCEF at a convention held in Delhi in 1978, with an official launch on
6 December 1978, the anniversary of the death of B. R. Ambedkar.[7] The
ideology of BAMCEF is to fight the entrenched system of inequality that
divides Indian society, and to abolish the caste system.
History
As an employee of the Defence Research and Development Laboratory in
Pune, Kanshi Ram realized that the formation of a bahujan bureaucracy
was important to serve Dalits’ interests. He set about forming a
federation, through which he worked his way up the bureaucratic
hierarchy. By identifying a few zealous officers, he was able to
influence lower-ranked staff.
The motto of this organisation was
‘Payback to society’, to inspire the Dalit bureaucrats to do their bit
for the Dalit masses. In this way, a continuous supply of intellectual
property, money and talent was ensured. Ram did not want to make BAMCEF
an employees’ union. He wanted it to become an organisation of educated
Bahujan employees: “the think tank, talent bank, and financial bank of
the Bahujan samaj”.
BAMCEF raised funds to promote their agenda
and for training.Kanshi Ram appointed state-level conveners as well as
mandal conveners to act as links between state and district levels.[10]
Suryakant Waghmore says it appealed to “the class among the indigenous
moolnivasi bahujans that was comparatively well-off, mostly based in
urban areas and small towns working as government servants and partially
alienated from their untouchable identities”.
Others established
the Dalit Shoshit Samaj Sangharsh Samiti (DS4) in 1981. This
organization made an impact on people in North and South India. Later,
this group was led by Ishaan Singh Tomar. Before the formation of the
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), DS4 entered local elections in Delhi and
Haryana in the name of “Limited Political Action”. Later on, Ram
dissolved DS4 and formed BSP as a completely political wing.[12] This
caused strain within BAMCEF ranks.
In early 1986, BAMCEF split.
Kanshi Ram announced that he was no longer willing to work for any
organisation other than BSP. One element of BAMCEF, which was associated
with Kanshi Ram, became a shadow organisation to help BSP in electoral
mobilisation. Those remaining in BAMCEF after Ram’s departure registered
BAMCEF as an independent non-political organisation in 1987.
Khaparde was national president of BAMCEF from 1987 until his death on
29 February 2000. His successor was Waman Chindhuji Meshram.
Narendra Jadhav, Indian economist, writer and educationist
B. R. Ambedkar, jurist, economist, politician and social reformer
Gopal Baba WalangkarGrace Banu, Scheduled Caste and transgender
activist; first transgender in state of Tamil Nadu be admitted to an
engineering college
Nagraj Manjule, Marathi director
Pa.Ranjith,Flim writer,Director
Governance
Non-Inspirational Mis-LeaderRamnath Kovind,President of India K. R. Narayanan, former President of IndiaIns
pirational Leader
Mayawati, Four time Chief Minister of Uttar PradeshAshok Tanwar, President of Haryana Congress, former Member of Parliament
Non-Inspirational Mis-Leader
Ram Vilas Paswan, President of the Lok Janshakti Party, eight time member of Lok Sabha
B. Shyam Sunder, Founder of Bharatiya Bhim Sena
Damodaram Sanjivayya, First Scheduled Caste Chief Minister of an
Indian state(Andhra Pradesh), first SC President of Indian National
Congress party(1962)
Jagjivan Ram (1908–1986), First Labour
Minister of Independent India, former Deputy Prime Minister of
IndiaJignesh Mevani, Independent MLA from Vadgam Gujarat, youth movement
leader and activist
Meira Kumar, First woman Speaker of the Lok
Sabha (2009-2014), Daughter of Jagjivan Ram.Jogendra Nath Mandal, was
one of the central and leading Founding Fathers of modern state of
Pakistan, and legislator serving as country’s first minister of law and
labour, and also was second minister of commonwealth and Kashmir
affairs.Krishna Kumari Kohli, Member of Pakistan SenatRam Lal Rahi,
Minister of State for Home Affairs and Four times MP from Mishrikh in
Sitapur district.
Literature
Madara Chennaiah, the first
poet in the history of Vachana literature who was a cobbler.Namdeo
Dhasal, Marathi poet and writer from Maharashtra.Military
Immanuvel Devendrar
Madurai Veeran, a folk hero of Arunthathiyar origin.
Music
Sumeet Samos
Ginni Mahi
Amar Singh ChamkilaKanth Kaler
Religion and reform
Gallela Prasad, the fourth bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cuddapah, in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.
Marampudi Joji, the third Archbishop of Hyderabad.
Rettamalai Srinivasan, SC/ST Activist, politician, freedom fighter and
founder of Paraiyar Mahajana SabhaAyyankali, social reformer
Giani Ditt Singh, Started Singh Sabha Movement to bring SC/STs of Punjab to sikh-fold.
Bhagu, a devotee of Krishnakant Chouriya
Mangu Ram Mugowalia, started Ad-Dharmi movement
Ravidas, mystic poet-saInt of the bhakti movement
Iyothee Thass, a prominent anti-caste activist and a practitioner of
Siddha medicine, a publisher, and writer in Tamil, who is regarded as a
pioneer of the Buddhist movement in the Tamil region in the early
twentieth century.
Sports
Vithal Palwankar, Cricketer
